E X PA N D A B L E S U R FA C E S Y S T E M A
P A V I L I O N
I N
B A R C E L O N A
E m e r g e n t Te c h n o l o g i e s & D e s i g n - C o r e S t u d i o 1 - 2 0 1 0 Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez | Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano
This is an exploration through a material system that becomes form, function, and support for contextual relationships. The game is ruled by two operations, cuts and expansion. These operations perform several form finding processes, as an expandable surface system.
PROJECT BRIEF We began our exploration with a series of physical experiments creating linear incisions into simple sheets of paper. After the lines were inscribed, we imposed controlled forces to the sheets creating surface tension which in tern formed openings. In further development to understand and rationalize the surface experiments into a buildable structure, we translated the system into a series of strip elements connected at the amplitude of their curvature. Through a parametric model we analyzed the surface geometry and generated data to slightly vary the length of each strip locally. Connecting two strips of unequal length created an internal stress which added structural stability and controlled the amount of opening of each cell and global geometry. In parallel, we researched and tested the system with a number of materials. After behavioural analysis we chose wood as a simple material which preformed well with the change in curvature of each strip and could be easily joined. Applying the system to the architectural scale of the pavilion and considering site conditions, we tested and adjusted the geometry of the surface to control access, program, and structure. Based on this surface geometry, the varying size of the cell openings modulated views, direct sun, and shading. Throughout a daily cycle the programmatic uses float in plan to adjust to the comfortable shaded conditions shaped by the variation in the fenestration. The final form is a result of, and accommodates for, the combination of site, program, climate, structure, and material influences.
CONTENTS 1- MATERIAL EXPLORATION AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 1.1 PATTERN STUDIES 1.2 SURFACE DEFORMATIONS 1.3 SURFACE DEFORMATIONS-MATERIAL TEST
1.5 DIGITAL SYSTEM
2 - SITE
2.1 SITE ANALYSIS
2.2 DESIGN STRATEGY 3 - FORM AND FABRICATION
3.1 SITE DRIVEN FORM FINDING
3.2 GEOMETRY ANALYSIS-DIGITIZING
3.3 FORM PROCESS SUMMARY
3.4 PARAMETRIC SYSTEM
3.5 SHADOW STUDIES 3.6 FABRICATION STUDIES 4 - SITE PROGRAM-DESIGN INTEGRATION
4.1 LANDSCAPE PARAMETRICS
4.2 FLOATING PROGRAM ANALYSIS
4.3 PROPOSED SITE PLAN
4.4 MAIN ACCESS VIEW
4.5 AERIAL VIEW
5 - CONCLUSIONS 5.1 STRUCTURAL IDEAS 6 - APPENDIX Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 3
MATERIAL EXPLORATION AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PATTERN STUDIES
The material system’s exploration began with a series of experiments consisting of applying a pattern of cuts to a paper sheet and then acting on its surface. Different patterns were explored. Rules to compare and analyze the behaviour of each pattern were established. The parameters to control the pattern definition were the length of the cut, the gap between cuts, the distance between rows, and the geometric relation between them. It was soon discovered that the proportion between these parameters were crucial to make the pattern performative. The chosen criteria were as follows: the successful patterns were able to be stretched or expanded homogenously, that is to say if applying a global or local deformation, the pattern was to be modified only by these external forces.
Surface Experiments
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 4
MATERIAL EXPLORATION AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT SURFACE DEFORMATIONS
The results showed that parallel patterns were more suitable for the project’s purpose. While radial or tangent patterns didn’t distribute the forces lineally, thus making the paper surface crumple. At the same time, parallel patterns made the paper strips twist and to change their orientation. This property became very valuable when applied to a bigger surface as it generated a very interesting range of openings and shadows. The pattern that was finally chosen was number six. It was a parallel pattern with the following proportions: a) the length of the cut was 20 mm b) the gap between cuts was 5 mm c) the distance between rows was 2.5 mm
Final Pattern
Bending Diagram
Bending Surface
Surface Tension Test
Length Increase
Increased Surface Area Two Times
Increased Surface
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez Area Two Times C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 5
MATERIAL EXPLORATION AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT SURFACE DEFORMATIONS-MATERIAL TEST
Once the pattern was defined, its performance was tested by carrying various experiments on global and local deformations. To study the global deformations, the surface was bent by compressing both edges of the paper sheet homogeneously. Also, the surface was expanded by applying tension on one of the edges while fixing the other one. The surface was only able to be stretched perpendicularly to the cuts. The cut’s pattern transformed the isotropic properties of paper, changing its normal behaviour. The paper surface was able to be expanded by almost three times its original area. The local deformations were studied by applying various vectors of force perpendicularly and diagonally to the cuts. The surface was able to be stretched more when the vector was perpendicular to the cuts. When the vector was applied diagonally, the surface opened, as well as twisted.
Local Transformation
Global transformation - Tensioning from two points
Transformation Tests Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 6
MATERIAL EXPLORATION AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT SURFACE DEFORMATIONS-MATERIAL TEST
In later developments, the same experiments were carried on with a different material. A 1.5 mm birch ply was used to analyze the behaviour of the chosen pattern. As the material was thicker, the pattern was scaled proportionally. It was then applied both local and global deformations. The results were that the scaled pattern had less differentiation and also the wood didn´t resist the tension and compression in the same way as the paper. It broke at some points. On the other hand, the wood worked better structurally, generating a stiffer surface.
Global Transformation
Local Transformation
Point of Material Failure
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 7
MATERIAL EXPLORATION AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT DIGITAL SYSTEM
In parallel to running the physical experiments, we continuously ran corresponding digital explorations. This analysis into the digital system was continually develop into a parametric Grasshopper definition which became increasingly refined as we better understood the physical behaviour of material system. Simply described, the definition is setup as follows. As an input, a simple Rhino nurbs surface is brought into the parametric environment. This surface is then subdivided into a series of horizontal lines at any given spacing. A vector perpendicular to the surface normal extrudes the subdividing lines. The far edge of this newly extruded surface is then subdivided with a series of points at varying intervals. Every other point is connected with an interpolation curve creating the wave-like pattern. Lastly, this final curve is extruded once more back (in the opposite direction of the previous vector) until it reaches the surface.
Step _ 01 _ Input Surface
Step _ 02 _ Horizontal Lines
Step _ 03 _ Interpolation Curve
Step _ 04 _ Final Strip Extrusion
Grasshopper Definition The result of this digital system, while having very similar visual characteristics, reacted interestingly different to the initial physical tests. Firstly, the digital model created a uniform gradient of increased openings of the cells. While creating a global desired properties, we were unable to control a localized area of openings if required by program or climatic conditions. The second difference from the physical system lies in the fact that we were unable to restrain the dimensions of the digital input surface. With a simple piece of paper you are unable to stretch the material; which essentially means the material maintains a constant surface area. There is no such restriction in a digital surface. So essentially each individual resulting strip from the digital system was a different length and each joining point between adjacent strips was staggered.
Global Deformation _ 01
Global Deformation _ 02
Global Deformation _ 03
Global Deformation Elevation _ 01
Global Deformation Elevation _ 02
Global Deformation Elevation _ 03
Global Deformation Elevation _ 04
Global Deformation Diagram _ 01
Global Deformation Diagram _ 02
Global Deformation Diagram _ 03
Global Deformation Diagram _ 04
Global Deformation _ 04
Strip Length Extension Diagram
Strip Length Extension Diagram Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 8
MATERIAL EXPLORATION AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT DIGITAL SYSTEM
With this new strip system, resulting from the digital analysis, each individual strip was a different length and each joining point between adjacent strips would be staggered. While frustrating at first, this discovery was a pivotal point into the design of a “real world� full-scale fabrication solution. As two strips of unequal length are joined, the different lengths between the two automatically programs the exact degree of curvature and opening of each cell required to achieve the global form. This renders a secondary compression system, or plastic material deformation, unnecessary to hold a global form.
Local Deformation _ 01
Local Deformation _ 02
Local Deformation _ 03
Local Deformation _ 04
Local Deformation Unrolled _ 01
Local Deformation Unrolled _ 02
Local Deformation Unrolled _ 03
Local Deformation Unrolled _ 04
Our first step at proving this hypothesis was recreating and fabricating a physical model from the output of the digital system. While not as refined as the digital, the physical model did respond extremely well and resulting global form mirrored the digital rendering.
Digital Model Plan
Digital Model Unrolled Strips
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 9
SITE
SITE ANALYSIS Area overview: The site is a urban void located in a new coastal area in Barcelona known as the “Forum.” The district was created for the 2004 “Forum of the Cultures” within a lot of controversy related to its urban transformation and the money spent for it. It is mainly a summer leisure area and nothing was really happening during winter working days. There are several “author” buildings in the surroundings, like the Forum building by Herzog and the Meuron, the Convention Centre by Jose Luis Mateo and the Levante Park by FOA, among others. The plot is the future location for the Marine Zoo of Barcelona and it is set in a terrain that was gained to the sea two years ago. This fact have altered the relation between the sea and two other interesting projects in the area: the Levante Park by FOA and the Forum esplanade by Martinez- Lapena. The two projects ended at the sea but now they are separated from it by this new land of 61.300 sqm. The plot is located on the lower right side of the terrain and it is detached from the sea by a long two-meter high retaining wall that blocks the view to the sea. Climate: The site is south - east oriented, following Barcelona’s shoreline. Even tough Barcelona’s weather is mild, summers can be very hot and some Easterly storms can happen in winter. The site is completely exposed to the Sun throughout the day as there are no close buildings nor trees. Our main design concerns was the sun exposure (and how to achieve a varied range of shadows) and the “Easterlies” winds (and how to generate ventilated and wind-protected areas). We wanted to achieve a continuous interior space articulated into areas of different weather sensations (windy and sunny area, calm sunny area, shaded windy area...), that could match the diverse situations of the programme (breakfast time, lunch, apéritif, dinner and social evening events). Programmatic Relations
Site Aerial View
ACCESS
Diagonal Ave. access
Parking access
Levante park access
Sea front relation
Shadowed public space
BEACH LIFE
Open public space
VIEWS FROM SITE
View towards the beach and city
View towards the sea
View towards the city
VIEWS TO THE SITE
Physical Parameters View from the city
SITE BEHAVIOUR
Views from Site
Public Flows
Site placement
Site
Prominent Wind flow
Barcelona Sun Path
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 10
SITE
DESIGN STRATEGY Access: The access points to the site are complicated. The Ronda Litoral, a high-speed ring, keeps the plot away from the city with a small pedestrian bridge as the only connection between them. The closest beach is Levante Beach and it is 700 metres away from the site, so the relationship is almost inexistent as no one would walk such a distance trough a dusty and unshaded empty piece of land. The access from the International Convention Centre is through a relatively narrow stair and ramp that passes by a Power Station and a municipal car park. As far as we are concerned, the best access is through the Levante Park as our site acts as the culmination to the sequence. LEVANTE PARK STREET ACCESS PLAZA CAFE SEA SHADOW BEACH
VIEW LANDSCAPE AMPHITHEATER
Access Connection Diagram SITE PROPOSAL: Our proposal tries to recover the original relation between the Levante Park with the sea and its views; giving at the same time, an ending to the Park that was lost with the surrounding’s transformation. Secondly, the project regains the views to the sea and the city by playing with the site’s topography and reaching the upper part of the retaining wall. Thirdly, the project is sited on the bottom left corner, enhancing the views and the relation with the sea. That’s what we call, the limit of the limit. In that process, a public plaza and amphitheatre is generated in an attempt to establish a positive relationship between the site and the close neighbourhood. Finally, the access paths inform the plaza’s pavement that naturally flows and leads to the pavilion.
Preliminary Site Connection Diagram
Base Site
Slope Up To Wall
Adjust For Access
Cut Site For Amphitheater
Two Direction Slope
Apply Steps and Enlarge Retaining Wall Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 11
FORM AND FABRICATION SITE DRIVEN FORM FINDING
Our first initial step testing our material system, as a scaled pavilion in the site context, was somewhat intuitive. We understood the beneficial and limiting qualities of the material system, as well as, had a clear insight into the site requirements and conditions we wanted to highlight. These inputs informed the process of pushing and pulling, fixing ground points, increasing desired localized openings, imposing access points, focusing on key views, and sculpting of the general form of the pavilion. This was just the first form as a starting point to refine the pavilion to the material, site, climatic, and structural properties required to realize and construct the structure.
Form Finding Process
Pavilion
Modified edge wall
Double Amphitheater
Raised Ground Level
Connectivity geometry
Interior Quality Assessment
Site Elements Summary
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 12
FORM AND FABRICATION
GEOMETRY ANALYSIS - DIGITIZING It was essential to the design process to continually cross back and forth between material and digital experiments. It was indispensable to generate a system of measuring our physical experiments so we could accurately test the same forms digitally. A 3-dimensional grid was developed, physically and digitally, to plot key points on the surface. With this consistent data, we were able to confidently conclude like results from both models.
900 M2
Mapping Grid
Mapped heights
Digitized surface
Original surface
1100 M2
Unrolled surface
516 M2
Surface footprint
One test between physical and digital models was structural. At key periodic points in the design process we concluded from, and refined the design to provided for, these structural tests. Firstly when applying simple forces to the physical model, we used the Strand 7 digital model to correlate and test that behaviour at a one-to-one scale. We quickly realized that initial paper models would not scale proportionally when tested one-to-one. Second, there became an obvious relationship between surface curvature and structural stability. Increased double curvature became an elemental design criteria in order to maintain structural integrity. Through these tests we also deduced that we needed more fixed conditions resolving the surface at the ground. Throughout the process we repeatedly went back and reiterated these tests to refine the overall form and confirm the pavilion to worked structurally, while still providing for the many other program and site requirements. Paper model
Gaussian curvature analysis red: positive value (bowl like shape) blue: negative value (saddle like shape) green: zero value (one direction curve)
Strand 7 analysis
Physical model analysis
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 13
FORM AND FABRICATION FORM PROCESS SUMMARY
It was important to track key points and different design decisions throughout the development of forming the pavilion. While the initial form was a rather intuitive response to program and site conditions, the process of arriving at a solidified form for the pavilion was tedious. Clear moves were made at specific points in the process to provide for program, site conditions, access, climate, views, and structure.
Initail Site / Form Exploration
Close Surface for Structural Performance
Main Entrance
Access for Cafe
Refine Edge Structure
Surface Incision for Views
Views
Added Double Curvature for Stability
Additional Ground Supporting Point Added
Double access
Reduced Height for Structural Performance
Refine Overhanging Structure
Reduced Area to Fit Program Requirements
Amphitheater connection
Increased Openings for Direct Afternoon Sun
Canopy Condition Added for Shading
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 14
FORM AND FABRICATION PARAMETRIC SYSTEM
After the development of a reliable method of digitizing our material surfaces, we were able to efficiently test a variation of pavilion schemes by applying our previously developed parametric definition. A number of technical refinements were made to the parametric model to accurately recreate the behaviour of the material system. Firstly, we developed a method of building into the model a flat portion of the strip at the apex of the strip’s curvature. The size, width, and angle of this flat plane was adjustable to accommodate the development of the one-to-one connection detail. This was essential because each strip has a unique length and must be joined at the exact point of curvature to maintain its global form. Without discussing too much technical detail, much work was involved in getting the digital system to respond correctly to the complex doubly curved surface pavilion schemes. It was important to maintain straight strips with a consistent width throughout it’s length. This was a fundamental for ease and accuracy of fabrication. This criteria posed quite difficult to solve. It required us to go back and rationalize our base geometry to work correctly with the fabrication process of the strip system. FINAL PARAMETRIC TRANSLATION
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 15
FORM AND FABRICATION SHADOW STUDIES
Throughout the design process one of the primary design criteria was the atmosphere of the pavilion’s interior. The principal factor in this quality is natural light and shading. It became apparent some differences in lighting qualities when comparing the digital representation of physical models and vise-versa. Due to the physical inconsistencies and tolerances in the material system, there seemed to be much more differentiation between zones of direct sun and shade. The digital models displayed more of a uniform distribution of light. In this situation, the physical models displayed the more desirable characteristic. In addition to the comparative studies, we were able to test many different scales of cell opening with the digital model. What scale opening of the fenestration worked best for natural lighting conditions, while still maintaining views and protection from other less desirable climatic elements? In addition, there was an ongoing conflict regarding what time of year the pavilion should be designed for. Some program elements suited specific times of year better than others. What time of year should the pavilion’s fenestration be programmed to at a fixed state? After testing the pavilion throughout the summer months, we chose to average the conditions in an attempt to provide the best possible solution for the changing climate. INTERIOR SHADOW - DAILY CYCLE
EXTERIOR DAY SHADOW RANGE - ANNUAL CYCLE
April 24th
May 24th
June 24th
Morning sun
Noon sun
July 24th
August 24th
September 24th
Afternoon sun
Late afternoon sun
In order to dial in and better control the uniform lighting condition of the digital model, we reinvested time into developing a method to “locally” deform the strip configuration. A rotational value is dictated at specific joint connections to control the degree of opening at an area of the facade. Now not only are the openings a result of the global geometry, but we could program the material to respond to specific views, light, and programmatic conditions.
Digital localized manipulation Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 16
FORM AND FABRICATION
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR RELATIONSHIP
North Pavilion Access - Digital
Interior Environment Qualities - Digital
North Pavilion Access - Physical
Interior Environment Qualities - Physical Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 17
FORM AND FABRICATION FABRICATION STUDIES
Agreeing on the performance and proportions of the 1:100 model, we decided to scale accurately all the measures from it. The result of the scaling defined the material and measures for full scale fabrication. The proposed material size was a 5 layer 6 mm plywood, 20 cm width by 3.6 meters long. These measurements reduced the waste of material as the plywood sheets are sold in 1.2 by 3.6 meters. This enabled us to get 6 strips on each sheet of raw material with no waste. The direction of the grain was along the strip, giving to it more flexibility to be bent. We tested many different ways to assembly the strips: diagonally, zigzagging the strips in pairs, alternating short bent strips with long flat ones, and fixing them in tension and compression. Finally we opted for parallel long strips with alternating joints. There were two main concerns in how to approach the detailing of the full scale material system. The first one was how to solve the joint between the adjacent strips, and second, the splice detail to create a uniform continuous strip in length. Lastly, we needed to resolve how the whole surface would touch the ground. The detailing of the joint came from a close analysis of the paper surface behaviour. At closer investigation, it revealed that there were flat parts in between the gaps that could be understood as joints. At this point we explored different ways to define these joints. We wanted the joint to interfere as less as possible with the perception of the surface. We were aiming for an invisible joint that could be embedded in the thickness of the plywood. We sketched some ideas but when doing a 1:10 physical model we realized that the tension (and torsion) in the joints were too high to be solved with a thin embedded joint. We moved then to exterior visible joints made of stainless steel plate. We proposed a plate of 1.5 mm thick, 100 mm wide, and 400 mm long. This plate would go around the two strips and be fixed with four screws. As learned in the first wooden model, we were concerned again about the torsion. However, when we built the 1:2 model we were positively surprised that the torsion disappeared as the joints were adequately sized. The torsion was compensated along the strip, balanced by the entirety of the system. We are aware that the final joints at the surface edges should be special and reinforced, as all the tensions would be transmitted there. The other important issue in the full scale fabrication was how the surface was going to be attached to the ground and how the loads were going to be distributed to the foundation. After making the 1:2 model, we discovered that all the joints at the edge condition were flat and perpendicular to the ground. This enabled us to attach the last row of strips to a wooden to a wooden plank at a spacing of two meters. This plank would be mounted on a steel plate with ties to a concrete curb, every two meters on centre.
04 01
02
02
02
03
01
04 06
03
03
05
05
06
06
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 18
SITE-PROGRAM-DESIGN INTEGRATION PROPOSED SITE PLAN
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 19
SITE-PROGRAM-DESIGN INTEGRATION LANDSCAPE PARAMETRICS
Incorporating numerous program, landscape, and site design elements together posed to be quite difficult to accommodate the changing design process. It was important that the landscape scheme was able to adapt and respond to the evolving pavilion. Key areas that the site need to respond to are as follows. First, site access and landscape circulation was fundamental. The topography lines needed to adjust to maintain a fluid link between the main access to the city, adjacent FOA park, and the two main points of entry to the pavilion. Hard paving surfaces would will make these circulation connections, while native grass and natural landscape will be inhabitable the area in between. Another key site element is the outdoor amphitheatre. This area, directly to the west of the pavilion, fills the void between our site and the distant public beach. It steps in two directions. First a relatively steep slope down from the east displays the pavilion on a plinth. This zone can act as an exterior stage with the glowing pavilion as a backdrop during the night hours. The western edge gradually slopes back up towards the city providing a flexible zone. This area becomes stadium seating for a large concert event; or a comfortable space to relax outdoors during the Spring and Fall. Lastly, the existing two meter high retaining wall to the south and east of the site, which is overcome by the ramping landscape, will be extended. The new wall will conform to the shape of the pavilion providing a usable outdoor area while overlooking the sea. All these elements were developed into a single parametric model in order to quickly see the landscape’s impact as different design schemes were tested.
Grasshopper Definition
Connection to Adjacent Amphitheatre Plaza - Point of Access to Pavilion
Parametric Landscape Scheme
Connection to Adjacent Amphitheatre Plaza Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 20
SITE-PROGRAM-DESIGN INTEGRATION FLOATING PROGRAM ANALYSIS
September 15th. 14:00 pm - Internal Use Only
September 15th. 18:00 am - General Use with Pleasant Shaded Northeast Exterior
N
N
September 15th. 10:00 am - Flexible Use with Partial Direct Northeast Sun
N
N
The programming of the pavilion and surrounding landscape varies throughout the day depending on the changing light and shadow conditions. During the morning hours direct sun is not too strong and desirable. The northeast side of the pavilion receives direct sun which is a desirable to sit at the outdoor cafe viewing the sunrise over the ocean. In general users are focused in this area of the pavilion during the morning, however all areas are quite comfortable. As the direct sun rises to its strongest point at midday, most users seek shelter from the heat under the closed shaded interior portions of the pavilion. The cafe is filled with lunch guests, while the rest of the pavilion is the only comfortable spot in the area to rest and gain relief from the strong sun. As the sun begins to set over the city in the afternoon, most reconvene on the northeast side of the pavilion for a drink after a day on the beach. At this time of day shade is still desired during the height of the summer. During the spring and fall the front amphitheatre is also desirable. During the evening the site becomes alive with complete flexible use. All areas are filled during a large event. A performance is given in the front amphitheatre with a light pavilion glowing in the background. The main space exhibit space can be used to provide for a large function or night club with the highlighted focused view of Barcelona in the distance. Smaller private groups can meet on the east and south sides of the pavilion viewing the sea.
September 15th. 21:00 pm - Evening with Complete Flexibility of Uses Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 21
SITE-PROGRAM-DESIGN INTEGRATION MAIN ACCESS VIEW
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 22
SITE-PROGRAM-DESIGN INTEGRATION MAIN ACCESS VIEW
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 23
SITE-PROGRAM-DESIGN INTEGRATION MODEL IMAGES
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 24
SITE-PROGRAM-DESIGN INTEGRATION AERIAL VIEW
Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 25
STRUCTURAL REFLECTIONS:
A MATERIAL EXPLORATION AS PRIMARY STRUCTURE: PLYWOOD STRIPS The pavilion’s final geometry is an expression and an exploration of a material’s property through the application of tension and compression. Such forces were continuously applied in response to environmental conditions such as wind and hot temperatures. Research was carried out by experimenting with several small scale physical and digital models . Initially, constructed out of paper and then, out of thin plywood sheets, which would translate into several plywood strips as the sole structural material. In addition, the digital models were also tested through Grasshopper and Strand 7 software to help inform the design process. For instance, a Grasshopper definition was developed not only to reinforce physical experiments, but to control fabrication methods through CNC machining; minimizing material waste, and speeding up construction time. Correspondingly, Strand 7 allowed us to reflect on and compare against existing physical models by means of mapping “displacements loads” through simulating compression as a uniform dead load.
Ribbed Geometry
A Gridshell structure not only derives strength from its double curvature but also provides significant lateral stiffness
Timber Pavilion Achim Menges ICD
2010
Plywood Canopy AA EmTech
2009
Japan Pavilion Shigaru Ban
2000
Mannheim Multihalle Frei Otto
1975
Structural ribs are to be placed at the end of the overall geometry and at eieither side of each major opening.
When moving onto larger scale models it is imperative to mention that while our experiments were successful at a small scale, some additional structural schemes would need to be developed to reduce the found deflection. Based on our own reflections and constructive input from the final jury, the following work is to be considered: a) increasing material thickness b) incorporating two plywood layers as a single strip; laminating them together with glass fibres and resin to enhance structural stability. c) introducing a ribbed system to reduce “span” therefore eliminating or minimizing deflection d) to embed a second set of strips (perpendicular to), as to create a grid system or a type of space frame
Due to their material type (wood), its properties and their implementation into structural integrity, the above case studies shall be reviewed in response to further develop the proposed pavilion’s own structure. Emergent Technologies & Design Jacob Bek | Cesar Martinez C o r e S t u d i o O n e 2 0 1 0 Ignacio Marti | Pablo Zamorano Expandable Surface System 26
Appendix
E X PA N D A B L E S U R FA C E S Y S T E M A
P A V I L I O N
I N
B A R C E L O N A
Architectural Association E m e r g e n t Te c h n o l o g i e s & D e s i g n Core Studio 1 - 2010 Jacob Bek Cesar Martinez Ignacio Marti Pablo Zamorano
Site Plan Site Plan
A01
E X PA N D A B L E S U R FA C E S Y S T E M A
P A V I L I O N
I N
B A R C E L O N A
Architectural Association E m e r g e n t Te c h n o l o g i e s & D e s i g n Core Studio 1 - 2010 Jacob Bek Cesar Martinez Ignacio Marti Pablo Zamorano
Roof Plan Roof Plan
A02
E X PA N D A B L E S U R FA C E S Y S T E M A
P A V I L I O N
I N
B A R C E L O N A
Architectural Association E m e r g e n t Te c h n o l o g i e s & D e s i g n Core Studio 1 - 2010 Jacob Bek Cesar Martinez Ignacio Marti Pablo Zamorano
Details Plan
A03
Section 02
Section 01
Section 02
E X PA N D A B L E S U R FA C E S Y S T E M A
P A V I L I O N
I N
B A R C E L O N A
Architectural Association E m e r g e n t Te c h n o l o g i e s & D e s i g n Core Studio 1 - 2010 Jacob Bek Cesar Martinez Ignacio Marti Pablo Zamorano
Section 01 Site Sections
A04
North Elevation
E X PA N D A B L E S U R FA C E S Y S T E M A
P A V I L I O N
I N
B A R C E L O N A
Architectural Association E m e r g e n t Te c h n o l o g i e s & D e s i g n Core Studio 1 - 2010 Jacob Bek Cesar Martinez Ignacio Marti Pablo Zamorano
South Elevation Elevations
A05
North Elevation
E X PA N D A B L E S U R FA C E S Y S T E M A
P A V I L I O N
I N
B A R C E L O N A
Architectural Association E m e r g e n t Te c h n o l o g i e s & D e s i g n Core Studio 1 - 2010 Jacob Bek Cesar Martinez Ignacio Marti Pablo Zamorano
South Elevation
Elevations
A06
04 02
01
02
02
03
01
04 06
03
03
E X PA N D A B L E S U R FA C E S Y S T E M
05
A
P A V I L I O N
I N
B A R C E L O N A
Architectural Association E m e r g e n t Te c h n o l o g i e s & D e s i g n Core Studio 1 - 2010 Jacob Bek Cesar Martinez Ignacio Marti Pablo Zamorano
05
06
06
Details
Construction Details
A07