Cogo_design_carlsonTutorial by Land Surveyors United Community

Chapter 2 - Tutorial This Tutorial is divided into 8 lessons that cover, in some degree, features found in the CogoDesign, DTM-Contour, Section-Profile and Hydrology modules. The purpose of the Tutorial is to familiarize new users with the software, and specifically to describe the typical flow and sequence of commands that can be used to complete work efficiently. The Tutorial begins with the Outline, which identifies each SurvCADD command that is covered in each of the 8 lessons. It is expected that the user will have some basic knowledge of AutoCAD. However, it is possible to simply follow through the Tutorial and duplicate each entry with no prior AutoCAD knowledge. We will explain things as we go, but your actual keyboard or mouse actions will be shown in bold type. Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll be surprised how much youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve learned by the end of each lesson. Lessons 1 through 4 deal with the Cogo-Design module, with some application of contouring using the DTM-Contour module. Lessons 5 and 6 focus specifically on the DTM-Contour module. Lesson 7 covers aspects of the Section-Profile module and Lesson 8 takes a tour of the Hydrology module. Just a reminder - It is a good idea to save your drawing often. OUTLINE

LESSON 1: Entering a Deed No Prerequisite Drawing Setup Title Block Dtext (Text-Dynamic) Edit Text Inverse with Area

Point Defaults North Arrow Text Enlarge/Reduce Trim by Point Symbol Layer Control

LESSON 2: Making a Plat

Enter Deed Description Bar Scale Change Text Font Area Label Defaults

Prerequisite File: Plat.txt Configure SurvCADD Drawing Setup Importing ASCII Points List Points Draw/Locate Points Scale Point Attributes Setting Layers (AutoCAD) Drawing 2D Polylines Line Types Isolate and Restore Layers Smooth Polyline Offset (AutoCAD) 4-Sided Building 2D Polyline with 3-Pt Arcs Extend by Distance Annotation Defaults Change Polyline Width New Layers(keyboard) Change Layer Insert Symbols Freeze Layer Building Dimensions Offset Dimensions Adjoiner Text Angle/Distance Annotation Annotate Arc Special Leader North Arrow and Bar Scale Title Block Legend Dtext and Mtext (AutoCAD) Style and Bold Fonts Contouring Contour Elevation Label Plot command (in AutoCAD R14 and up)

LESSON 3: Field-to-Finishâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Doing Lesson 2 Faster! Prerequisite Files: Plat.txt and SurvCadd.fld, Plat2.Lgd Drawing Wizard Polyedit-Close Extend by Distance (t-total) Move Point Attributes Annotate Arc Offset 3D Polyline

Field-to-Finish Remove Polyline Segment Twist Screen Flip Text Hatch Leader with Text

Layer ID Erase Point Attributes Twist Point Attributes Auto Bldg Dimensions Solid Fill Contouring from File

LESSON 4: Street Intersections, Cul-de-Sacs, and Subdivision Layout Prerequisite File: Plat4.dwg Opening a Drawing Hot Keys (T, SS, I) Curve Design Offsets & Intersections Break at Selected Point Break at Intersection Bpoly (Boundary Polyline) Sliding Side Area Lot File by Interior Text Input-Edit Lot File

Draw/Locate Pt-(keyed in) Line On/Off Polyedit (line to polyline) Cul-de-Sacs-Standard Lot Layout Area by Interior Point Trim command Create Points from Entities Area by Interior Point Input-Edit Points

Traverse Join Nearest Inverse Cul-de-Sacs-Teardrop Reverse Polyline Hinged Area Trim 3D Polyline Sequential Numbers Lot File Report Draw Lot File

LESSON 5: Contouring, Valley Dam, and Road Design by DTM Prerequisite File: Topo.crd Contouring Edit Contours 3D Viewer Window Offset 3D Polyline

Index Contours Label Index only Make 3D Grid File Design Valley Pond 3D Polyline by Slope on Surface Join Nearest (Direct Connect) Pad Template

LESSON 6: Contouring with Breaklines, Stockpile Volumes Prerequisite Files: Mantopo.crd, Mantopo.dwg and Mantopo.ini Contouring Field-to-Finish “on-the-fly” Contouring with Break Lines Explode List Elevation Volumes by Layer

Delete Layer Change Elevation Stockpile Volumes

LESSON 7: Basic Road Design with Volumes Prerequisite: Example2.dwg Drape 3D Polyline Design Road Profile Input-Edit Section Alignment Draw Typical Template Process Road Design

Profile from Surface Entities Draw Profile Polyline to Centerline File Sections from Surface Entities Design Template Input Edit Section File Drawing Explorer

LESSON 8: Flow Analysis by SCS Method Slope Report Runoff Tracking Rainfall Frequency & Amount Sub-Watersheds by Land Use Time of Concentration Peak Flow Design Valley Pond Pond Weir Spillway Design Drop Pipe Spillway Design Channel Design-Mannings Hydrograph Development Draw Hydrograph

3D Poly Flow Values Curve Numbers/Runoff Detention Pond Sizing Stage Storage Curve Draw Flow Polylines Locate Structures

Lesson 1: Entering a Deed This short lesson is for beginners. It will demonstrate that making a drawing is a simple process. We will enter a 6-sided deed, add title block, bar scale and north arrow, add some title and certification text, and plot the deed area. This is a warm-up lesson, like a stretching exercise before the start of a race. Make note at the outset that the Esc key will cancel most every command, so if you choose the wrong command or enter something wrong and want to start over, just press Esc. Step 1: Click the icon for SurvCADD CES and launch AutoCad/SurvCADD. You may be presented with a â&#x20AC;&#x153;Startup Wizardâ&#x20AC;? dialog, and if so, click Exit. Step 2: Under the Inq-Set pulldown menu, click Drawing Setup and verify that your Horizontal Scale is 50 and units are English. If the scale is set to 100 or 40 or something other than 50, change to 50. Make sure your settings match those shown below (these are the default settings for all new copies of SurvCADD CES):

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Tutorial - Entering A Deed

Step 3: Choose Point Defaults under the Points pulldown menu, and in the dialog at the upper left, click off Elevations (this eliminates the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Elevationâ&#x20AC;? prompt), verify that Descriptions are clicked on and also be sure that the point symbol is set to symbol 4 (SPT4), the round, open circle. Click ON Automatic Point Numbering also. Step 4: Be sure you are in the Cogo-Design Module, and under the Tools pulldown menu, select Enter Deed Description. If you are in another menu (such as DTM-Contour), use the Misc pulldown menu to select Cogo-Design. We will again use the default settings in the Plot Deed Description dialog, as shown below:

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Note that the “To Table Scaler” is set to 0.00. If it were set to 1.00, that means that deed calls less than 1.00 times the drawing scale (50), or less than 50’, will plot to a table. In other words, at a scale of 1”=50’ in English units, deed calls less than an inch, when plotted, will instead be placed in a table of calls. Also note that we could turn Point Format to “None”, meaning no point numbers are created when entering a deed. Do not change anything, match what is shown above, and click OK. The “command” line is that area below the graphics and to the left. When prompted to “Pick point or point number” at the command line, simply pick a point in the lower left quadrant of your screen to start the deed plotting. If prompted for elevation, you failed to turn off the elevation prompt in Point Defaults. Press Esc and return to Point Defaults. Otherwise, when prompted for description, enter “Fence Post”. A dialog will appear, asking where to store the coordinates:

Select New. For File Name, type in Deed. This will create a file called Deed.crd. All SurvCADD CES points are stored in files that end in “crd”, which stands for “coordinates”. Respond to the command line prompting exactly as shown below: Exit/Curve/<Bearing (Qdd.mmss)>: 125.3500 The quadrant (Q) is 1 for Northeast (2 is Southeast, 3 is Southwest and 4 is Northwest). The bearing is 25 degrees, 35 minutes and 00 seconds. If all digits for the minutes and seconds are entered as shown above, then the deed call will be fully plotted, including the seconds. If only the degrees and minutes were entered, as in 125.35, then the plot would appear as “N 250 35’ E”. Keep going: Varas/Poles/Chains/<Distance>: 200.51 Lets note here that you can enter old deeds in the forms of Poles and Links, Chains and Links and even Varas (a unit of measurement formerly used in the southwestern states of the U.S.). Enter Point Description <Fence Post>: Iron Pin (now for the next set) Undo/Exit/Curve/<Bearing (Qdd.mmss)>: 189.4321 Varas/Poles/Chains/<Distance>: 225.00 Enter Point Description <Iron Pin>: Enter (this will default to “Iron Pin”) Undo/Exit/Curve/<Bearing (Qdd.mmss)>: C (for curve—the “c” can be upper or lower case) Radius: 75 Curve direction [Left/<Right>]? Enter (for right) Non-tangent/Reverse-tangent/Bearing/Chord/DeltaAng/Tangent/<Arc Len>: 118.17 Page

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If you don’t know the arc length, but know the tangent, you would choose “T” for tangent. Enter Point Description <Iron Pin>: Enter Undo/Exit/Curve/<Bearing (Qdd.mmss)>: 200.0000 (due south) If you were just to enter 2 (no degrees, minutes or seconds), then the deed call would be plotted “S 000 E”. Varas/Poles/Chains/<Distance>: 178.00 Enter Point Description <Iron Pin>: Concrete Monument Undo/Exit/Curve/<Bearing (Qdd.mmss)>: 488.2300 (Northwest 88 degrees, 23 minutes) Varas/Poles/Chains/<Distance>: 300.34 Enter Point Description <Concrete Monument>: Fence Post Undo/Exit/Curve/<Bearing (Qdd.mmss)>: 454.1109 Varas/Poles/Chains/<Distance>: 106.93 Enter Point Description <Fence Post>: Press spacebar, then Enter. To avoid drawing the text “Fence Post” twice on the end point, you can’t press Enter for nothing, because that will use the default text (Fence Post) again. So spacebar, for a blank character and Enter avoids any text. You are now done with the 6-sided figure (including one curve). This time, press E for Exit: Undo/Exit/Curve/<Bearing (Qdd.mmss)>: E The following results are reported: SQ. FEET: 82302.9 SQ. YARDS: 9144.8 SQ. MILES: 0.0 ACRES: 1.89 Closure error distance> 0.01708540 Error Bearing> S 52d5’26" E Closure Precision> 1 in 66076.89 Total Distance Traversed> 1128.95 The deed wasn’t perfect, but it wasn’t too bad, with a closure of 1:66077. In the initial prompt “Undo/Exit/Curve…”, U for Undo would allow for the re-entry of the previous deed call. Step 5: Under the Inq-Set pulldown menu, select Title Block. If you have AutoCad 14 or Map R2 and R3, you obtain a dialog which you can fill out as shown to the right (or creatively use your own input). Note that the title line is plotted in large text on the title block, and will only fit about 15 characters. Be sure to select Paper Size B2 (17 x 11) for our example. If you have AutoCad 2000 or Map 2000, we have added Tutorial - Entering A Deed

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additional capabilities to the Title Block routine, and you will see a “front-end” dialog with several options, which you should fill out as shown to the right:

After you’ve completed the title block entries and select OK, you will be prompted: Enter or Pick lower left corner point for border: Pick somewhat below and to the left of your drawing, referencing the plot shown below:

With AutoCad 2000 or Map 2000, the entry of title block text follows the picking of the screen location for the title block. Now do View pulldown, Extents to see the entire area. If your border needs to be shifted not to overdraw on your deed plot or to “look better”, then use the “move” command under the Edit pulldown menu, pick the border lines and the title block objects (up to 3 Page

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picks total), press Enter (for no more object selection), then do two picks representing the vector of the “shift” you would like. Do View, Extents again. Some tips: If you “make a mistake”, enter U for undo or select the “back arrow” icon that appears at the top of the screen. If you want to see your whole working area, use View, Extents. If you would like a little margin around the working area, then after View, Extents, do View pulldown, Zoom Out. Then do View pulldown, Window, and Window back in with a lower left and upper right pick that captures the view, and the margin, that you prefer. Step 6: Under the Annotate pulldown menu, select Draw North Arrow. Pick a North Arrow from among the icons, watch it ghost as you bring it in, place it in the upper right of your drawing, and click Enter to all of the prompting until it draws. Again, if you don’t like the location of the arrow, choose Move under Edit (or Enter M for move at the command line) and move it. Step 7: Under Annotate, select Draw Bar Scale. Pick an insertion point below the North Arrow and right above the A in Farmer (the bar scale draws left-to-right from the insertion point, so give it some room). Move it after it draws, if desired. Step 8: Under the Draw pulldown, there is the command Text, which slides over to Dynamic. But let’s try something new. Let’s do the command for Dynamic Text, by entering Dtext at the command line. Prompting is: Justify/Style/<Start point>: C (C is a form of “justification” meaning “centered”) Center point: Pick a point near the top-center of the drawing, which would be a good point for centered text. We will be entering 2 lines of text: (Farmer Survey and Ashland, KY). Height <4.00>: 10 (let’s make the title text bigger than the default) Rotation angle <S 54d11’9” E>: E (go due E—the default is left over from Deed Description) Text: Farmer Survey Text: Ashland, KY Text: Enter Now let’s say we wanted to enter some sort of certification in the lower right of the drawing, just above the title block. We would again enter Dtext, but would switch to L for left-justification and use size 4 again. We also need to “skip” a line of text, and since Enter would exit the command, we apply the “trick” of using a spacebar with Enter to “force” the blank line. Here we go: If you haven’t done anything else, like Zoom or Pan, you can press Enter to repeat the last command. Try it. You should repeat Dtext. If not, Esc will cancel, and enter Dtext at the command prompt. Justify/Style/<Start point>: Pick a point above and to the left of the title block for a certification. (You don’t have to enter L for left-justification—it would be an invalid entry in any case. The Dtext command defaults to left-justification every time.) Height <10.00>: 4 Rotation angle <E>: Enter Tutorial - Entering A Deed

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Text: Surveyor’s Certification Text: Hit spacebar, then Enter Text: I do hereby certify that the survey shown hereon Text: is a true and correct representation….. Text: Hit spacebar, then Enter Text: _____________________________________ Text: Arnold James, PLS #2534 Text: Enter (to end)

Here’s a closeup of the certification that we just entered: Step 9: Enlarge the two title lines (“Farmer Survey” and “Surveyor’s Certification”) by a factor of 2.0 by using the command Text Enlarge/Reduce under the Edit pulldown, option Text. When prompted for Scaling Multiplier, enter 2. Then select both the Farmer Survey text (at the top of the screen—not in the title block) and the Surveyor’s Certification text. Remember that when asked to Select Objects, you keep selecting until you have selected all you want, then when asked Page 2-10

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again to Select Objects, you press Enter. Tip: When asked to Select Objects, if you “over-select”, that is, select something you don’t want, you can enter “R” to the next Select Objects prompt, and remove items from the selection set. If you want to keep adding back after you have removed a few, then you enter “A” to add when prompted to Select Objects. Step 10: Make the enlarged Farmer Survey text at the top of the screen “bold” by changing its font to the “bold” font. Select Edit pulldown menu, Text, and slide over to Change Text Font. Select Objects: Pick the Farmer Survey Text at the top of the drawing. Select Objects: Enter (for no more selections) Enter new text Style: Bold (this is a font that is provided with SurvCADD CES) Step 11: Use Edit Text (under the Edit pulldown, sliding over from Text) to change S 00000’00” E to S 000 E. When Edit Text is selected, it will ask, “Select Text to Edit:” pick the due South bearing text. A dialog appears as follows:

Note that AutoCad represents the degree symbol as %%d. If, within the command Dtext, you had typed N 15%%d25’35” E, AutoCad would draw that entry as

N 15025’35” E. To accomplish the edit, click in the text right after the quotation and back space until it reads as shown above. Then click OK. You could have just as easily changed the entire text to “Due South”. Press Enter to exit the command. Tip: Edit Text works well with standard text. But in this drawing, we actually have two other types of text: Attribute Text (in the Title Block) and Point Symbol Text (surrounding the points, in the form of point elevations and descriptions). Each of these other forms of text has their own editor. For Title Block Text, use the command Attribute Edit found under the Edit pulldown menu. (Note that there is a Next button to see every single text entry.) For Point Symbol Text, use the command Edit Point Attributes under the Points menu.

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Step 12: In the enlargement above showing the title block and also showing point 5, notice how the linework travels into the circle. Some surveyors and drafters prefer to clip off the linework at the edge of the corner symbols, for appearance sake. There’s a command for this (and much more!). This command requires that all the points be in view, so if you do not see your entire drawing, do the View pulldown, option Extents (sometimes referred to Zoom Extents). Select Trim by Point Symbol under the Points pulldown menu. Select SurvCADD point symbols to trim against. Select objects: All (All is a handy and legitimate selection option—only linework crossing into corner symbols will be trimmed). Select objects: Enter (Remember—you are always asked again to Select objects until you press Enter, meaning that you have no more items to select. Referring to one of the previous “Tips”, some people who want to select “almost everything” for a particular command will select All objects, then on the second prompt, they enter “R” for remove objects, and remove the few items that they don’t want to select). The trimming is completed. Step 13: Prepare for area labeling by selecting Area Label Defaults, under the Area pulldown. Change the “Other Area Labels” and “Inverse with Area” decimal precision to 4 decimal places. Also, make the Area Text Size Scaler 0.2 (double it from the default 0.1). The dialog should appear as shown below:

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We are going to compute the area by point number, but we could have chosen the command Area by Lines & Arcs. In this command, we would pick the lines and arcs that make up the figure, but since our closure was 0.017 off (the distance from point 7 to point 1), we exceed the default “Max gap” tolerance. Unless we changed that tolerance in this dialog to something larger than 0.017, we would get no result with Area by Lines & Arcs. It would be dangerous to change it for this exercise, because you might forget to change it back! We will compute area instead by “inversing” from 1 through 7 and back to 1. Step 14: Select Inverse with Area under Area. Answer as follows: Station/<Pick Starting point or point number>: 1 Pick point or point numbers (R-RadiusPt, U-Undo, Enter to end): 2 Pick point or point numbers (R-RadiusPt, U-Undo, Enter to end): 3 Pick point or point numbers (R-RadiusPt, U-Undo, Enter to end): r Radius point number or pick point: cen (for center “snap”) Of (Now move the cursor, without picking, to the arc and see how the center snap becomes active. It has “found” the radius point. Now pick on that arc.) Curve direction [Left/<Right>]? Enter (for right) Pick End of Arc or point number (U-Undo, Enter to end): 4 Pick point or point numbers (R-RadiusPt, U-Undo, Enter to end): 5 Pick point or point numbers (R-RadiusPt, U-Undo, Enter to end): 6 Pick point or point numbers (R-RadiusPt, U-Undo, Enter to end): 7 Pick point or point numbers (R-RadiusPt, U-Undo, Enter to end): 1 Pick point or point numbers (R-RadiusPt, U-Undo, Enter to end): Enter (for no more) A dialog of the results will appear. Select Exit at the top of the dialog and prompting will appear as shown below: SQ. FEET: 83921.8 SQ. YARDS: 9324.6 SQ. MILES: 0.0 ACRES: 1.9266 PERIMETER: 1128.9671 Pick area label centering point: Pick a point near the center of the figure, in its interior. Erase Polyline Yes/No <Yes>: y (This erases a “polyline” that has been drawn overtop our original lines and arcs. Inverse with Area draws this polyline because many times you are solving the area from points and want the new linework drawn.) Tip: The whole concept of “snapping” is central to AutoCad. We “snapped” to the radius point using the “cen” snap. Object snaps appear under the Inq-Set pulldown menu. Since all plotted points have a “node”, you could have inversed around this figure by using the “nod” snap for all of points 1 through 7, and the single “cen” snap to capture the radius point. Snaps are typically keyboard entered as 3 characters (eg. “int” for intersect, “end” for endpoint, etc.).

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Step 15: Freeze the point numbers to obtain the “final”, practice drawing by choosing Layer Control under View, and opposite Pntno in the column that has the “sun”, click it to a “snowflake”. That “freezes” it. It is still there, waiting to be “thawed”, but won’t plot. This creates our final drawing, as shown below:

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Lesson 2: Making a Plat Our goal will be to draw out a plat of a single lot, using straightforward drafting techniques found within the Cogo-Design module of SurvCADD CES. We will make the plat from an ASCII file of points. The name of the file is Plat.txt. This file contains 54 points in the form of Point Number, Northing, Easting, Elevation, Description. Let’s get started. Step 1: Click the icon for SurvCADD CES and launch AutoCad/SurvCADD. You may be presented with a “Startup Wizard” dialog as shown below:

The “Wizard” Dialog We will use this in Lesson 3. But we need to avoid the Wizard in Lesson 2 so that when you do use it, you’ll appreciate it! The Wizard just “wisks” you through a series of commands that we will have to select on our own in Lesson 2. For those of you who get the Startup Wizard dialog, click Exit.

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Now we’ve said that some of you may not get the dialog. That’s because the appearance of the dialog can be turned off two ways. One way is to click the option at the lower left: “Skip Startup Wizard Next Time”. Another way to turn off the Wizard is to click it off within Configure SurvCADD. Step 2: Under the File pulldown menu, click Configure SurvCADD. This will present the following menu of sub-options:

Configure SurvCADD Options Click General Settings. That leads to the rather large dialog shown here.

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General Settings Dialog Note that the Startup Wizard is clicked on in the upper left corner of this dialog. All these settings, as well as the many other settings in the various Configure SurvCADD sub-options, determine default working conditions for SurvCADD. For example, in our case, data files will store, by default, to c:\scadces\DATA. For example, if we clicked on “Link Labels with Linework”, then if we moved a line or polyline that contained bearings and distances, the bearings and distances would automatically change. A new feature, “Group Point Entities” is here turned on—which groups point elevations, numbers and descriptions (all aspects of the points) into a single entity for moving, erasing and other commands. Also note that we will choose to store our points in “Numeric Only” form. This produces point numbers such as 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, etc. If we were to select Alphanumeric, then we could have point numbers like 1A, 1B, 1C, HUB5, CTRL, SS10, etc. There is a slight speed advantage to work with purely numeric point numbers, and because this works with “integers”, the highest numeric point number is just over 32000. Regardless of format, point numbers are stored in a file that has the extension “CRD”. There is no limit to the number of points in an alphanumeric CRD file. Referring to the Startup Wizard, click it on (as shown above). Had we chosen the option to “Skip Startup Wizard Next Time” in the original Wizard dialog, then the upper left option would appear clicked off within the General Settings Dialog. One affects the other. Click OK here and Exit Configure SurvCADD. Step 3: Select Drawing Setup under the Inq-Set pulldown menu. We will assume that we “know” that a scale of 1”=100’ (English units) is best for our drawing. The scale acts as a multiplier on all text annotation. For example, 100 * Text Scaler (0.08) = 8 (text height of 8 units). The Text Scaler is the effective height, in inches, that the text will appear when plotted at the Horizontal Scale (here 100). At one time, the state of Virginia was requesting plats with a minimum text height of 0.10 inches. Therefore, the Text Scaler would be set to 0.1 to meet that requirement, although the Horizontal Scale would change from job to job. Bearings and Distances, Legends, Title Blocks, Point Symbols, etc. will size up or down on the basis of the Horizontal Scale set within Drawing Setup. When the dialog appears, set the Horizontal Scale to 100 and press Enter. Then click OK to Exit.

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Step 4: Import the ASCII file Plat.txt and store the points in a Coordinate file called Plat.Crd. Under the Points pulldown menu, select the command â&#x20AC;&#x153;Import Text/ASCII Fileâ&#x20AC;?. The program will recognize that since you are in a new drawing, you have not yet set a CRD file to store the points in. So you will get this dialog, shown at below: Click New. In the next dialog, to the right of File name, enter Plat and click Save. Points will be stored in Plat.crd.

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When the Text File Format dialog appears, click the “Select Text/ ASCII Files” button near the top of the dialog and choose Plat.txt, found in the default data directory (C:\scadces\DATA). Note that the format of the points appears in the “Preview Window”. The format is: Point (P), Northing (Y), Easting (X), Elevation (Z), Description (D), or in short, P,Y,X,Z,D. You need to match this format in the box entitled “Coordinate Order”. If you don’t see P,Y,X,Z,D opposite Coordinate Order, then you need to select that format from the Common Formats options at the middle right of the dialog. Alternately, you can just enter it directly within Coordinate Order. Now click OK. After completion, a confirming dialog will appear as follows:

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Step 5: Choose List Points under the Points pulldown menu. The List Points dialog will typically default to the full range of points which is 1 through 54. You may wish to control the decimal places for the Northing/Easting and separately for the Elevation of the points. This is done in the lower portion of the dialog. Using the settings shown, this leads to the printout shown below:

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Exit this dialog by selecting the Exit icon at the top of the dialog or by clicking the X in the upper right of the dialog. Step 6: Select Draw/Locate Points under the Points pulldown menu to draw the points on the screen. This leads to the dialog shown below:

Note that the current Symbol Name (upper left of dialog) is SPT10, which stands for SurvCADD Point symbol 10. SPT10 is an X, shown in the symbol display window in the upper right of the dialog. Your default may be SPT4 or as set in Configure SurvCADD, Drawing Setup. We will use the command Draw ALL (lower middle), but not until we change the Symbol Name to null, or symbol 0 (in effect, no symbol). We will add “official” property corner and utility symbols later, so for now we will work best if we have no symbol at all. Keep in mind that there will always be a “dot” or a node at the correct insertion point of each point number. The symbol is “extra”. So click “Select”, the upper button in the dialog. You will get the following graphic: Tutorial - Making A Plat

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Just click the blank SPT0 option. Note that the scroll bar at the right of this Select Symbol dialog will lead on to many pages of different symbols. You will return to the Draw-Locate Point dialog. Here you need to click Draw All. This leads to the rather â&#x20AC;&#x153;busyâ&#x20AC;? point plot shown below:

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Step 7: Select Scale Point Attributes under the Point pulldown menu. After plotting points, if there are areas where the points are too small or too congested, you can enlarge or shrink the points with the command Scale Point Attributes. One area of the plot is very congested (lower right). Let’s “window” these points and scale them down by a factor of 0.4. For Scaling Multiplier, enter 0.4. When it says “Select Objects”, enter WP for Window Polygon. Then make a polygon around the congested area (the Window Polygon selection method does not expect you to close back to where you start— see below). Press Enter when you have made it around the points.

You will be asked again to Select Objects (eg. you might want to select more items to shrink). Press Enter. Note how the points have scaled down.

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Step 8: Prepare for drawing linework by setting the Current Layer to Final (or as desired). It is a good idea to deliberately draft linework and symbol work that you plan to keep in special, designated layers. For our purposes, we will do linework and symbol work in the layer Final. If we preferred, we could put property linework in the Final layer and utility linework in the Utility layer, but for now we will put all linework and symbols in the layer Final. To make â&#x20AC;&#x153;Finalâ&#x20AC;? the current, working layer, go to Layer Control under the View pulldown menu, click Final, then click Current. See below:

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Step 9: Draw linework using the Polyline command under the Design pulldown menu. This Polyline command allows the entry of point numbers, as opposed to the “pure” AutoCad Polyline command, which would require that the user “snap” to the node of the points to connect them. Verify that you are in the Cogo-Design module. If you don’t see a Cogo and a Design pulldown menu, go to the Misc pulldown menu and select CogoDesign. Now select Polyline under Design. We will first connect up portions of the property. At the prompt, Pick point or point numbers, enter 1, then 8, then Enter to exit. We have our first polyline. We want this as a separate polyline, because this back lot line will be turned into a fence line. But first, lets connect up what we can of the other property lines. Repeat the Polyline command (Enter will repeat the command, but you can also select it from the Design pulldown menu). Connect 8 through 10 by entering: Pick point or point numbers: 8-10 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: A <enter> This will connect 8 to 9 to 10 and start an arc at point 10. Note that backwards ranges work, Tutorial - Making A Plat

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too. You could have entered 10-8, but then you wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be able to continue into an arc at point 10. Second point/Radius point/radius Length/<Endpoint or numbers>: 15 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 1 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: Press Enter to end the command. This will create the full lot, with the arc coming off point 10 on tangent (though the line from 15 to 1 is not guaranteed to be tangent to the previous arc). You are â&#x20AC;&#x153;on trackâ&#x20AC;? if you have the following linework:

Step 10: Create a fence line on the polyline from points 1 to 8. We did this first polyline separately, on purpose. We want to turn it into a fence line. To do this, choose the command Line Types under Annotate, and slide over to the first command, Change Polyline Linetype. Note that this command makes varieties of polylines that still respond as one entity when selected. A dialog appears as shown below left. Click the Next button (lower right) and get the dialog shown at right. Choose the Fence_S option (the solid fence line). Page 2-26

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When it says Select Objects, pick the upper fence line. Press Enter to end selection. Notice that the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Current Linetype Scalerâ&#x20AC;?, governing spacing, is 0.5 (inches) and the text height scaler is 0.1. If your settings are different, you may want to Undo (U for undo) the fence line and go to Defaults under the Annotate pulldown menu and set these items to match our example.

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Step 10: Practice “isolating” to the final drawing layers. Under View, select Isolate Layers, pick the property line and press Enter twice. Here is your result: Step 11: Connect up the edge of pavement. First do View, Restore Layers to get your points back. Make a mental note how convenient Isolate and Restore Layers can be, and how they work together. Isolate to what you want, then Restore back. (Don’t Isolate twice—you only get one Restore—it doesn’t “nest”.) Now go to Polyline under Design, and enter as follows: Pick point or point numbers: 45-47,49-51 Then hit Enter at the next prompt to exit this command. This creates the road. Note how you can separate range entries using a comma. Step 12: Smooth the edge-of-road polyline. Choose the command Polyline Utilities under Edit, and slide over to Smooth Polyline. Enter the looping factor (1-10) <5>: Enter Enter the offset cutoff <0.05>: Enter Select objects: Pick the edge of road polyline. Select objects: <enter> Step 13: Offset the smoothed edge-of-road polyline 24 feet to make the opposite edge of road. Select Offset under the Draw pulldown. Offset distance or Through <Through>: 24 Select object to offset: Pick the edge-ofroad polyline Side to offset: Pick off to the right to offset right Select object to offset: Enter to exit this command. Now do Isolate Layers, pick on any of your linework, and you should see the following: Do Restore Layers to recover your points. It’s important to get used to the “cadence” of Isolate and Restore Layers. Its Isolate Layers, pick layers to isolate, then 2 Enters, followed later by Restore Layers (no picks).

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Step 14: Draw the 2-sided Shed and complete the Shed using the command 4-Sided Building. Select Polyline under the Design pulldown and connect 5 through 7 as follows: Pick point or point numbers: 5-7 Then Enter to exit at the next prompt. This produces a 2-sided building as shown here:

To close up the opposite two sides and turn it into a 4-sided shed, select 4-Sided Building under Design. Pick a 2-sided building: Pick the shed. Enter a width for the polyline <0.00>: Enter (0 width means 1 pass of the pen, in effect). Now our 2-sided building looks like this:

Step 15: Complete the driveway and paving areas. This is the area of tightly spaced points that led to our use of Scale Point Attributes. We scaled these points down by 0.4 to see them better. The point numbers range from point 27 to point 44. This time, we’re not going to simply connect points and smooth out the points, like we did with the edge-of-pavement. In the case of the driveway, let’s assume that the surveyor’s who collected the points specifically shot in “3-point arcs”. They came up to a PC, shot a point on the arc, and finished up at the PT. Under the View pulldown, select Window and pick a lower left and upper right point that windows in on the driveway area. Then select View, Previous to window back. View, Window to window in, then View, Previous to window back. This is very basic, but it is important that you are comfortable with this procedure. Now window in tight again (View, Window). We’re going to walk the Polyline through 2 arcs, so follow carefully: Select Polyline under Design. Pick point or point numbers: 27 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 28 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: A Second point/Radius point/radius Length/<Endpoint or numbers>: S (use for 3-pt arcs!) Pick Second Point or point number: 29 Pick End Point or point number: 30 Tutorial - Making A Plat

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Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 31 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: A Second point/Radius point/radius Length/<Endpoint or numbers>: S

Pick Second Point or point number: 32 Pick End Point or point number: 33 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter Lets review. We started at 27, went to the PC on 28 and swung through a 3-point arc through points 29 and 30, then went tangent to 31, another PC, then did a 3-point arc through 32 and 33 and ended there. Since practice makes perfect, and an offset will not work for the other side of the drive area, lets do it again, but we will first connect up the basketball court area: Select Polyline under Design (or Enter to repeat the previous command). Pick point or point numbers: 27 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 44 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 43-39 (you can do “backwards” ranges) Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: A Second point/Radius point/radius Length/<Endpoint or numbers>: S (use for 3-pt arcs!) Pick Second Point or point number: 38 Pick End Point or point number: 37 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 36 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: A Second point/Radius point/radius Length/<Endpoint or numbers>: S

Pick Second Point or point number: 35 Pick End Point or point number: 34 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter That wasn’t so bad—but there is no getting around the keystrokes. That’s why we’ve saved up the concept of Field-to-Finish for you in Lesson 3. Our goal is to make you a believer. (Only about 50% of civil/survey companies use Field-to-Finish—the percentage should be closer to 100%. It saves time, and efficiently communicates between the field crew and the office staff). Shown below is our drawing, up to this point.

Step 16: Make a building footprint using Extend by Distance. Points 18 and 19 are two shot Page 2-30

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corners of a building. Lets assume that the surveyors taped the main house, going clockwise from point 18, as follows: 10’L, 20’R, 40’L, 20’R, 20’L, 83’L, 60’L, 23’L, 10’R These “jogs” in the building are easily entered using the command Extend by Distance. First you need a polyline or line segment to start from. If you are zoomed in on the driveway, do View, Zoom Out, then View, Pan to focus on the building north of the driveway. Now use Design, Polyline to draw a line from 18 to 19. Pick point or point numbers: 18 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point of point numbers>: 19 Enter to end. Now select Extend under the Edit pulldown menu and slide over to Extend by Distance. Pick line or pline to extend: Pick the building line closer to point 18—this makes the arrow point towards 18 rather than 19. Now we can go clockwise: Enter or pick distance to Draw: (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): L10 (lower case “l” and “r” work also) Tutorial - Making A Plat

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Enter Enter Enter Enter Enter Enter Enter Enter Enter

or or or or or or or or or

pick pick pick pick pick pick pick pick pick

distance distance distance distance distance distance distance distance distance

to to to to to to to to to

Draw: Draw: Draw: Draw: Draw: Draw: Draw: Draw: Draw:

(A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): R20 (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): L40 (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): R20 (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): L20 (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): L83 (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): L60 (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): L23 (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): R10 (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): Enter to end

Step 17: Wrap up the linework with the sewer line and the electric utility line. To see everything, do View, Extents. The sewer line runs from 52 to 53 to 54. Select Design Polyline. Pick point or point numbers: 52-54 Enter to end. Next weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re going to annotate the sewer polyline using Change Polyline Linetype, but we are going to control the spacing of the annotation by the Defaults command under Annotate. So select the Defaults option under the Annotate pulldown menu. The following dialog appears.

Note the Line Type Spacing, highlighted above. Change it to 1.5. In effect, this will Page 2-32

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label “S” on our sewer line every 1.5” at the current scale (1”=100’). Now annotate the sewer line with an S by using, once again, Line Types under Annotate, top option, Change Polyline Linetype. Choose the Sewer linetype which appears on the 3rd page of options (click Next twice). Then select the sewer polyline that runs next to the road. Next we will do the electric utility line. This line runs from 3 to 4 to 17. Select Polyline under Design. Pick point or point numbers: 3 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point of point numbers>: 4 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point of point numbers>: 17 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point of point numbers>: Enter (to end) No more points were taken beyond point 17 due to obstructions from the various setups in the field. So we need to extend the polyline from 17 to beyond the property. This is another use of Extend by Distance. Choose Extend by Distance under Edit. Pick on the electric utility polyline near point 17. Then simply pick beyond the property (no keyboard entries needed here). Then Enter to end. Before we annotate the electric utility line using Line Types, we need to offset it 25’ both sides for a 50’ total right-of-way. Select Offset under Draw. Enter the offset distance of 25. Pick the electric utility polyline and then pick to one side for the first offset. Repeat for the other side by first picking the electric utility polyline, then picking the other side for the offset. Enter to end. Now annotate the central electric line with an E by using Line Types under Annotate, top option, Change Polyline Linetype. Choose the Electric linetype which appears on the 1st page of options. Then select the electric utility polyline. Step 18: Make the Property lines bold with the command Change Polyline Width. Under the Edit pulldown, hit Polyline Utilities and find Change Polyline Width. New Width <1.0>: 1.5 (for more emphasis) Select objects: Pick the property polylines (one pick for the fence line portion and one for the remainder) Select objects: Enter (for no more) Step 19: For some color contrast and better layer management, lets make a layer called road, color cyan, and change our road and driveway polylines to the layer Road. We can make the layer Road using the Layer Control dialog, but lets illustrate a keyboard method. At the command prompt, type –LA (dash followed by LA). Tutorial - Making A Plat

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-LAYER ?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF….: M (for Make) New current layer <Final>: Road ?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/Color….: C (for color) Color: C (for cyan, which is also color 4—4 is a legitimate entry) Layer name(s) for color 4 (cyan) <ROAD>: Enter, then Enter again to exit the command.

Now under the View pulldown, select Change Layer. Select entities to be changed. Select objects: Pick all driveway and road entities. Pick entity with new layer or press Enter to type name: Enter This brings up the dialog shown at right. Select Road and press OK. Now, at least, we have some color contrast. All our linework is now complete and is shown below: Step 20: We have a lot of symbols to add (trees, property corners, manholes and a light pole).

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Let’s start with the trees. Points 11, 12 and 20 are oak trees of different sizes, and point 14 is a pine tree. We will use symbol 61 for the deciduous oak trees and symbol 53 for the pine tree. Under the Tools pulldown menu, select Insert Symbols. Use the down arrow key at the right to proceed to the tree “zone”, which is several pages deep. Choose symbol SPT61.

Layer for symbols <PNTS>: TREES (this will create a “Trees” layer “on the fly”.) Symbol Size <8.0>: 18 (it is sometimes effective to make the symbol size equal to the diameter) Note: If you obtained the prompt: Options/Select entities/Pick pt or pt number/<Enter North(y)>:…….then you need to enter P first to convert to the Pick point or point numbers default condition. Otherwise, you would be expected to enter the Northing and Easting of the points to insert. Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: 11 Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: 20 Tutorial - Making A Plat

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Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter Now we need to place symbol 61 on the larger point 12 at size 24. Repeat Insert Symbols. Enter also repeats the last command. Select symbol 61. Layer for symbols <TREES>: Enter Symbol Size <8.0>: 24 Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: 12 Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter Now we need to place symbol 53 on the larger point 14 at size 8. Repeat Insert Symbols. Enter also repeats the last command. Select symbol 53. Layer for symbols <TREES>: Enter Symbol Size <8.0>: Enter Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: 14 Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter Now we need to place symbol 5 on points 8-10 and point 15 (representing an iron pin). Repeat Insert Symbols. Enter also repeats the last command. Select symbol 5 (first page). Layer for symbols <TREES>: Final Symbol Size <8.0>: Enter Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: 8-10,15 Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter Note how the entry 8-10,15 puts symbols on points 8 through 10 as well as point 15. We need to put a concrete monument (symbol 13) on point 1. Repeat Insert Symbols. Enter also repeats the last command. Select symbol 13. Layer for symbols <FINAL>: Enter Symbol Size <8.0>: Enter Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: 13 Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter Now letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s throw in a new technique. We need to put a manhole (symbol 34) on the vertices (endpoints) of the sewer line, at points 52 through 54. We could use the above methods, but we can also use S for Select entities and place the symbol automatically at the vertices of the selected entity. Repeat Insert Symbols. Select symbol 34. Layer for symbols <FINAL>: Enter Page 2-36

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Symbol Size <8.0>: Enter Options/Select entities/Enter Coords/<Pick point of point numbers>: S A small dialog appears. Just press OK. Rotation angle <0.0>: Enter Select arcs, faces, points, text, lines and polylines. Select objects: Pick the sewer polyline. The symbols are then inserted at the three polyline endpoints. Step 21: Reduce clutter by selecting Freeze Layer under View, and pick on one of the point numbers. The points freeze, leaving only linework and symbols. To bring the points back, do Thaw Layer. Freeze Layer and Thaw Layer go together, just like Isolate and Restore Layers. Step 22: Add Building Dimensions with a smaller text size (0.06). Building dimensions are “busy”. Therefore it pays to scale down the text size, and limit the decimal places to 1 rather than 2. Recognizing this, SurvCADD CES has a special configuration for building dimensions. It is found in the Annotate pulldown, sliding over from Survey Text to Survey Text Defaults. If we set the building dimension text size here, however, it will only apply to this one work session. It is better to set this text size within Configure SurvCADD, making it a permanent setting. So go to the File pulldown menu, select Configure SurvCADD, then select CogoDesign Module, and the following options appear:

Choose Survey Text Defaults. A much large dialog appears as shown below. The Building Dimension portion of the dialog is in the upper left. We will change two things from the default condition: Text Size Scaler will be 0.06, and we will click on “Drop Trailing Tutorial - Making A Plat

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Zeros.”

The “Drop Trailing Zeros” option will label 17.0’ as 17’. To save even more space, we could leave blank the “Characters to Append”, which is now set to the apostrophe for feet. This could be set to a blank, or changed to “m” for meters. Note how we will use a new, special layer for the building text called “BTXT”. In this way, building dimensions could be “frozen” to reduce the clutter even more, particular if the drawing is to be “shrunk” down, that is, plotted at 1”=200’ instead of 1”=100’. At that scale, 0.06 would become 0.03 inches high, and would be unreadable. It is generally a good strategy to make intelligent use of layers for selective freezing and thawing. Click OK on the above dialog, exit all the way out to the command prompt, and then choose Annotate pulldown menu, option Survey Text, sub-option Building Dimensions. Click on the middle of the bottom segment of the building and drag out to the right and slightly above the line, as shown below. The resulting labeling is shown at right. Had we pulled the cursor left rather than right, with a Page 2-38

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similar near-parallel angle to the line, the 83â&#x20AC;&#x2122; would plot below the building rather than above. Another example is shown below. We will click on the left-most segment using Building Dimension and then click roughly perpendicular to the left. This creates a perpendicular, rather than parallel style of labeling as shown below. Using this technique, complete labeling the building and the shed as shown below. Only two

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sides of the shed need to be labeled, and since the sides of the shed were not measured in even feet, a decimal place appears for the first time. “Drop Trailing Zeros” applied to all the dimensions of the house. If you choose a wrong direction in the process of labeling, just exit the command, erase the bad dimension (E for erase at the command line) or alternately U for undo to back out your last work. Once the labeling is in place, you can issue the M for Move command and move any of the text to a more desirable position. Step 23: It is important in many plats to label the offset dimension from building corners to property lines, to verify sufficient setback distances. There are two “critical” corners in our example (the SE corner as offset from the south property line, and the SW corner as offset from the west property line). Referring to the Survey Text Defaults dialog above, Offset Dimensions will go to the layer DTXT and are configured horizontal, with arrowheads. The sequence of the command is simple: pick the building corner first, then pick the offset line. So under Annotate, pick Survey Text and slide over to Offset Dimensions. [end on] Pick Bldg/Object Corner: Pick on the SE building corner. [perp] Pick Line To Offset From: Pick on the S property line (before the arc) This leads to correct labeling of 43.5ft. But why “ft” and not “’” for distance? Because if Page 2-40

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you review the Survey Text Defaults dialog again, you will see that we have set the “Characters to Append” to “ft”. So let’s now practice changing “on-the-fly”, in our work session, but not permanently. Go to Survey Text Defaults under the Annotate pulldown menu this time, sliding over from Survey Text. The same dialog appears. Under Offset Dimension Text, change the character to append to the apostrophe, ‘. Also, change the “form” of the offset, the Text Alignment, to “Parallel” rather than “Horizontal”. This will look better for the second label. Now do the Offset Dimensions command as above. Now re-issue the command, Offset Dimensions, as shown above. Prompting is the same as before: [end on] Pick Bldg/Object Corner: Pick on the SW building corner. [perp] Pick Line To Offset From: Pick on the W property line (avoid the electric right-of-way line!) Note the different “style” of the dimension. Then use the Move command to move the 20’ text label over to the right, so that it is not overwritten by the offset dimension. The result is shown graphically below:

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The inconsistent 48.7’ and 43.5ft will remain—to serve as a reminder of the built-in flexibility of the Offset Dimension command. Tips: Notice the display, within the Offset Dimension command, of the [end on] and [perp] “snaps”. When SurvCADD CES is going to set a snap for temporary use, it displays the snap within the brackets as shown. A building corner is always an “endpoint”, so the “end” snap naturally applies to the first pick. You want the offset, perpendicular distance to the property lines, so the [perp] snap naturally applies to the second pick. Note that the “per” or perpendicular snap applies to offsets from arcs as well. In the case of arcs, the “per” snap will find the shortest, “radial” distance to the arc. When entering a “snap” at the keyboard, in response to a “Pick object” request, only the first 3 letters of the snap are necessary, as in “per” or “end”. This same Offset Dimension command could be used to label the Electric utility right-of-way distance of 50’ total, by entering “nea” for nearest snap for the first pick (on one side), then going with the default “per” snap for the second pick on the other side of the rightof-way. Try it! Step 24: Adjoiner ownership text is often plotted parallel to the property lines. It is often something of a trick, involving several steps, to draw text parallel to a line. The Adjoiner Text command makes it a one-step process. First go to Survey Text Defaults under Annotate and verify that Adjoiner Text is set to a “Justification” of “C” for centered. Then select Adjoiner Text under Annotate, sliding over from Survey Text. Pick Line Or Polyline: Pick the west property line Pick Starting Point: Pick a “centered” point west of the property for the adjoiner text. Text: Brian W. and Mary T. Jones Text: D.B. 101, P. 37 Text: Enter

This produces parallel, center-justified text very nicely on the west side of the property. Now let’s repeat for the north side. Press Enter to repeat the Adjoiner Text command or select it from the menus. Pick Line Or Polyline: Pick the north property line Pick Starting Point: Pick a “centered” point north of the north property line. Text: Stan W. Bosworth Text: D.B. 94, P. 272 Text: Enter Page 2-42

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The results of this effort are shown at right: Step 25: Bearing Annotation can be added by selecting the Annotate pulldown menu, choosing Angle/ Distance, and sliding over to BearingDistance_ (representing Bearing and Distance “above” the call or line). Define bearing by, Points/ <select line or polyline>: Pick the northern property line to the east or rightside. The bearing direction will label towards the picked end, so this will label northeast. Define bearing by, Points/ <select line or polyline>: Pick the eastern property line, again, closest to the southern endpoint of the line, to label southeast. Now since we would prefer that the western property line be labeled on the lower (western) side of the line, select Angle/Distance, option _BearingDistance. Define bearing by, Points/<select line or polyline>: Pick the western property line on the northern portion of the line, to label northwest. The southern line segment might be best annotated by a leader. Under the Annotate pulldown menu, select Annotate w/Leader and slide over to Brg-Dist w/Leader. Define bearing by, Points/<select line or polyline>: Pick on the southwest side of the south property line segment Pick point to start leader: Pick a good point for the “arrowhead” Label Position: Pick a point off to the right for the left-justified bearing and distance Tutorial - Making A Plat

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Define bearing by, Points/<select line or polyline>: Enter (to end) Step 26: Arc Annotation. We have one arc to annotate, and we will choose to annotate the arc with a leader using Stack Label Arc. All we care to label are 4 things: arc length, radius, chord bearing and chord distance. Stack Label Arc gives us this control. Select Annotate Arc under Annotate, sliding over to Stack Label Arc. The Stack Label Arc Settings dialog appears, which can be edited in terms of the order of elements in the table, which elements are included, and what prefix text is desired (eg. A= or Arc:). In this example, we’ve altered the “Label” column to reflect our preference for labeling syntax. Since we don’t plan to use Tangent, Degree of Curve and External, we did not alter those items. For our example, be sure to set the sequence column to 1, 2, 3, 4 as shown. This is an “on-the-fly”, work session only editing of this dialog. This same dialog is found in Configure SurvCADD, CogoDesign Module, Stack Label Arc. Any settings made there, within Configure SurvCADD, are permanent and apply to the next work session. When the dialog is completed, click OK. Define arc by, Points/<select arc or polyline>: Pick the arc. Pick point for labels: Pick a point off to the right for the left-justified labeling of the 4 items in the dialog. Notice that as the cursor moves around, the text “ghosts” and allows you to make the best possible placement decision. Pick point to start leader at ([Enter] for none): Pick a point on or near the arc for the arrowhead.

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Define arc by, Points/<select arc or polyline>: Enter (for no more) Tip: Sometimes AutoCad will display an arc as a series of chords, due to zooming in and out. Just type Regen at the command prompt to “regenerate” the arcs. Even if they show up on the screen as jagged chords, they would in any case plot smoothly to any printer or plotter. Another way to keep arcs smooth on the screen is to enter Viewres at the command prompt, and increase the viewing resolution to 1000 from the typical default of 100. Step 27: Use the Special Leader command to provide a “hand-drafted” labeling appearance. Trees, corner symbols, building, driveways, etc., can all be annotated with the special leader. Let’s annotate all of our trees, our shed and our building using Special Leader. Under Annotate, down near the bottom, select Special Leader. Arrow location: Pick near the southern most corner of the shed. Text location: Pick slightly down and to the right. Text: Shed Text: Enter (for no more) Repeat for all the special leader text items shown below. In the case of the 18” Oak Trees, just do one leader with text, and on the second oak tree, just leader over but press Enter when asked for Text. For better appearance, enter 18”Oak and 24”Oak with no spaces between characters. Now you may have a drawing similar to that shown below: Step 28: A North Arrow and Bar Scale can be added by selecting these items under the Annotate menu. Place as shown. When placing the North Arrow, pick a lower insertion point, note how the arrow Tutorial - Making A Plat

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“ghosts” to assist in placement, then enter through the prompting. The Bar Scale comes in with one pick. Both the North Arrow and the Bar Scale can be moved to desired locations with the Move command. Step 29: The Title Block is inserted by the same procedure as outlined in Lesson 1. Fill out the title block with any desired entries, bearing in mind that the “title” line is large text and will only allow about 16-17 characters. Select Title Block under Inq-Set pulldown. We will be choosing size A1 (portrait view, 8-1/2 by 11). Fill out the dialog any way you like—we will keep the Method 1 settings for simplicity. But given the small available space with 8-1/2 by 11 paper sizes, reduce the left margin to 1.25.

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Enter or Pick lower left corner for border: 5100,4000 We know this x,y coordinate will work pretty well, so we recommend that you enter it and not try to pick the lower left corner. Sometimes it is useful to enter coordinates when prompted in AutoCad, but be aware that unless you are prompted for Northing, Easting, AutoCad will expect x,y or Easting, Northing. Step 30: Just looking at the plat, the lower left area to the left of the title block is a perfect place for a legend. Under Annotate, select Draw Legend. Choose New and Save the default legend name. When the dialog shown below appears (empty), pick Add from Drawing and screen select one example of the sewer manholes, iron pins, concrete monument, oak trees and pine tree (at a minimum, it would take 5 picks, one for each of the 5 symbols). Right now, the list is in the order Concrete Monument (13), Pine Tree (53), Oak Tree (61), Iron Pin (5) and Sewer Manhole (34). If we wanted to organize these as Concrete Monument, Iron Pin, Sewer Manhole, Oak Tree and Pine Tree, use the Move Up Tutorial - Making A Plat Page 2-47 and Move Down options, first selecting and highlighting the item to be moved. Once they are in order, select each one for editing, as shown below: For SPT5, we will enter the Description “Iron Pin”. For SPT34, we will enter the Description “Manhole”. After all the appropriate descriptions are entered for the symbols, choose Add and add the Fence Line type to the list, as shown below:

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The completed Legend should then be saved, for possible re-use or to expand upon later.

Finally, click the Draw command to actually plot the Legend on the drawing. Default past the sizing dialog, shown below:

Pick a point for the legend, roughly at 5260,4380. Tutorial - Making A Plat

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You may need to move the fence line portion over to fit in the tight space—and also may need to move the previously plotted bar scale over slightly—for the best overall fit. The “Move” command in AutoCad comes in awful handy. Here’s our drawing up to this point (also showing “Meadow Lane” text, discussed below): Tip: If you wish to reset the spacing of the sewer and electric utility annotation, use the LTSCALE command (Linetype Scale) to set it (to 50, in our example). Step 31: Dtext and Mtext: We’ve practiced Dtext before. It’s a command Page 2-50

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that lets you see your text appear on the screen as you type, and allows for multiple lines of text. A perfect use of Dtext would be to label the road Meadow Lane. Zoom in on the area shown below. At the command line, type in Dtext. Justify/Style/<Start point>: R (for right-justified) End Point: Pick a point as shown below just to the left of the leader annotation.

Height <8.00>: 10 Rotation angle <N 72d20’24” E>: Do a second pick to the right as shown in the graphic (the location of the crosshair) Text: Meadow Lane Text: Enter (for no more) This right-justified Meadow Lane, ending before it contacts the leader line. Now an application of Mtext would be a certification of some sort. This command lets you stretch the entire block of text. AutoCad will find the proper points to issue “carriage returns” and start the next line, depending on how you edit and adjust the Mtext “window”. First, Zoom Extents to see the entire drawing. At the command line, type in Mtext. Specify first corner: 5660,4980 (or some similar point near the top of the screen) Specify opposite corner….: 5860,4820 (or some similar point down and to the right) You now get a dialog that displays all text heights that you’ve used, to date, in the drawing. Choose text height of 8. Now you can begin typing into the dialog:

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The program “forced” carriage returns when it “knew” it was out of space in the Mtext window. Now just click OK at the upper right to place this text. And miracle of miracles, it fits! Tip: What’s really interesting about Mtext is that after the text is plotted you can click on the text (without issuing a command). This activates “the grips”. All 4 corners highlight as grips. If you pick on a grip, you can expand or change the shape of the Mtext rectangle. When you do this, the text adjusts automatically, adding more lines and more carriage returns, or condensing many lines into fewer but longer lines of text. You can also choose to move the entire text block to a new location. Step 32: The Style command. In Lesson 1, we placed text on the screen, then changed the font of the text “after-the-fact”. But what if you want to work for a while in a particular font. You don’t want to always get the font you want by changing it after it is first drawn. To set the font up ahead of time, use the Style command. From the Draw pulldown menu, select Text, and slide over to Set Style. We can create a Bold “Style” consisting of the

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Arial Black font tilted at 10 degree oblique angle. A “Style” is more than just a font. It is also what you “do” to the font, including altering its width. Now use the Dtext command, and place William T. Farmer as text at the top of the drawing, size 20. Here’s the prompting. Justify/Style/<Start point>: Pick a point near the northwest corner of the drawing Height <10.00>: 20 Rotation Angle <N 53d46’56” E>: E (for due East) Text: William T. Farmer Text: Enter (for no more) Now you could type as much as you like in this new Bold style, built around the Arial Black font. Tips: One of the favorite styles is Romans, using the Romans font at perhaps 10 degree oblique angle. This looks like the old “Leroy” lettering. The Romand font is similar but has a double strike aspect. The Romant font is even more bold and ornate. These fonts are not “proportional”. If you printed out a table of coordinates, all with 5 characters left of the Tutorial - Making A Plat

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decimal and 4 to the right, the columns would not line up. That’s because with non-proportional fonts, the character 1 takes up less space than the character 8. Proportional fonts like Monotxt will cause such tables to line up perfectly, but proportional fonts typically aren’t as “attractive”. One frequent use of Change Text Fonts is to select a table of data with nonproportional fonts, and convert the font to Monotxt—for the sole purpose of making the text in the table line up perfectly! Step 33: Area by Lines and Arcs. Go first to Area Label Defaults under the Area pulldown menu and change the Precision for Other Area Labels to 4 decimal places. Some survey codes require that areas be plotted to at least 2, 3 or sometimes 4 decimal places, for example. Now select Areas by Lines & Arcs under Area. When it says, Select objects, pick the 2 polylines that, taken together, completely enclose the property. Pick area labeling centering point: Place the text under the William T. Farmer title at the top of the drawing (we’ve run out of room within the parcel). Step 34: Let’s bring the points back and draw a contour map. First do Thaw Layer under the View pulldown. The points reappear. If you did not complete Lesson 2 in one sitting, then the program won’t “remember” what to thaw. In this case, you will need to go to Layer Control, and thaw the PNTS layer (turn the snowflake to a “sun” symbol). Now that the points are on the screen again, switch to the DTMContour menu, found under the MISC pulldown menu. Select Triangulate & Contour, the top item under the Contour pulldown. Change a couple things in the dialog: interval goes to 1, and click on Use Inclusion/Exclusion Areas:

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Select the Inclusion perimeter polylines or ENTER for none. Select objects: Enter (we have no “inclusion” perimeter) Select the Exclusion perimeter polylines or ENTER for none. Select objects: Carefully select the building and the shed (we don’t want contours running through them) Select the points and barrier lines to Triangulate: Window around the points by picking from the lower left to the upper right. The contour map is then created. Now freeze the points again by going to View, Freeze Layer and picking on one of the points. Step 35: Label the contours using the command Contour Elevation Label under the Contour pulldown menu. Press OK for the default settings in the dialog shown here:

Now make 2 picks that cross through 1 or more contours and watch the effect—you create labeling. But watch out! The labeling is still in the slanted Bold Style that you set up earlier. Not to worry. You can use Change Text Font under the Edit pulldown menu to change it back to Romans, or some “safer” font.

We’ve covered a lot of ground. The Lesson 2 Plat is shown below:

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Tip: If you have not already saved your drawing, now is a good time to do it. Just choose Save from the File menu. Step 36: Now we are ready to plot the drawing. This is a different procedure depending on if you are using AutoCAD R14 or AutoCAD 2000 and up. We will start with the R14 method. From the File menu, choose â&#x20AC;&#x153;Printâ&#x20AC;?. The following dialog will appear:

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I have highlighted some key things to look for in the Plot dialog box. The arrow labeled #1 is pointing to the current plotter name. If this is not the plotter you wish to use then click the button below titled “Device and Default Selection” and change it. The #2 arrow is pointing to the paper size. Again, if this is not the size you want click on the “Size” button and change it. We are plotting a 8 ½ X 11 sheet so I won’t change it. The next thing to do is decide what area you want to plot. We will choose the window button at the bottom to pick the outside of our border/title block. When you choose the window button, a secondary dialog will come up, choose the Pick button from here and then pick the upper left and lower right corners of the drawing border. Then click OK and you are back to the main plot dialog. After you have selected your paper size and picked your plotting window, look at the area that defines the scale (arrow #4 points the way). In our case it should say 1=100 and the scaled to fit toggle should be unchecked. Since our border is exactly 8 ½ X 11 and our paper size is also 8 ½ X Tutorial - Making A Plat

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11, if you check “scaled to fit”, the numbers will gray out, but should say 8.5=850 or 11=1100, both of which are the same as 1=100. Now we can check to see what our plot will look like. Arrow #5 points to the Preview button, first choose the “Full Preview” option and then press the preview button. You should see a preview of your plotted drawing. Press ESC to go back to the plot dialog. If everything looks OK, then press the OK button. If you are using AutoCAD 2000 and up, plotting is a little different. To get started, choose Plot from the File menu. There are many variables that can affect how the dialog box will look. Normally it will appear as below: You should have two tabs on the dialog labeled “Plot Device” and “Plot settings”. We will start with “Plot device”. The first thing to select is your plotting device (see arrow #1). Here the HP 750C is already selected and that is what we want to use. Next, arrow #2 points to the “What to Plot” section. In this version of AutoCAD, you are either working in the model tab or one of the layout tabs. Our example is drawn in the model tab, so the option labeled “Current Tab” should be selected. If you want more than one copy of your plot, this is where you would change that number. Arrow #3 points to the plot settings tab. Click on here next. Now

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the dialog should look like this:

Now we are on the “Plot settings” tab. Arrow #4 points to where you can change the paper size and units. Here we chose 8 ½ X 11 for our size and inches for our units. The next thing to select is the drawing orientation, arrow #5 shows you where this is. We will choose portrait. Now looking at arrow #6, we want to choose the window button in order to select the area we want to plot. After you select this button, the dialog will disappear and you can select the upper left and the lower right corners of the drawing border. When you finish, the dialog will reappear. The next thing to do (arrow #7) is choose the correct plotting scale, our drawing is 1”=100’ or 1:100. Choose this from the drop-down list. Now we are ready to preview the plot. Press the Full Preview button in the lower left corner of the main dialog. Press ESC to return Tutorial - Making A Plat

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to the main dialog. One new feature starting in AutoCAD 2000 is the ability to save all the information you have just entered in a “Page Setup”. In the upper part of the dialog, check on the box labeled “Save changes to layout”, then to the right of that, click the button labeled “Add”. A new dialog will appear, at the top of this dialog, enter a name to save your page setup as and click OK. I chose “8.5 X 11 STD”. You can see this in the dialog shown above. If your plot preview looked OK, choose OK from the bottom of the dialog and your plot is on its way. The advantage to saving the page setup is that you can open this drawing tomorrow or 3 weeks later and choose 8.5 X 11 STD as your page setup, and then choose OK to plot the drawing exactly like you did today, without having to remember all the settings yourself.

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Lesson 3: Field-to-Finish—Faster Survey Work Step 1: Using the Wizard. Launch SurvCADD CES, or if you are already within AutoCad running SurvCADD CES, do File pulldown, New to start a new drawing (save your existing drawing, if you like). If asked to use a template, choose 14scdraw.dwt if in Release 14 AutoCad or 15scdraw.dwt if in AutoCad 2000. Then the first (of several) Drawing Wizard dialogs will appear. If you don’t get the Wizard, go to Configure SurvCADD and under General Settings, click on Use Drawing Wizard in the upper left of the dialog. We want the Wizard in this exercise, to illustrate the automation it offers. If you had to turn the Wizard on, then start a new drawing again. Here’s the sequence of dialogs:

To use the Wizard, you must fill out a NEW Drawing Name in the upper portion of the dialog. Since this is Lesson 3, call the new drawing Plat3. Then verify the other settings and click Next.

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The next Wizard dialog concerns the source of the data. Our source will be the same file as in Lesson 2 (Plat.txt). This is an ASCII file, so we will click on the option Import Points From “Text/ASCII File”.

Fill out as shown and Click Next. In the next dialog, your “eye” needs to go to the upper middle button, “Select Text/ ASCII Files”. Click that and choose plat.txt. The “look” of the points appears in the Preview Window below for verification. Then click OK.

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The points will then be captured into the file Plat3.crd. If you repeat this exercise, you will most likely make another Plat3.crd, and then you will be asked: [O]verwrite w/new coordinates, overwrite [A]ll, or use number <55>: A (for all) In either case, if the process is completed correctly, the following dialog appears:

Then another, very important Wizard dialog appears:

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Choose the Field-to-Finish option and click Next. The Field-to-Finish dialog will come up next, with a warning dialog that some codes have two descriptions.

The program wants to know if these are to be treated as two separate descriptions or one description which just happens to have a space in it. By choosing the default (Split all multiple codes), we are telling the program that codes with spaces are really two separate descriptions. Now at the big Field-to-Finish dialog click Draw Points/Lines (lower right).

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This leads to a dialog for the range of points to plot. We want to plot all 1 through 54. Click OK. The plotting then takes place and the Field-to-Finish dialog reappears when the plotting is complete. Just click Exit, and the program will “Zoom Extents” and show the points, as well as linework and point symbols. In a sense, Field-to-Finish “jump starts” the drawing, and saves many manual steps. This process passes through a series of dialogs, but in reality takes less than 60 seconds to complete from the moment the drawing is started. If you’ve had too much coffee, you can do it in 40 seconds! The “starter” plat is shown below:

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Step 2: Analyzing Field-to-Finish. This step is just a diversion. It is not necessary to complete our “high-speed” drawing. But how did this happen? The answer is that point codes such as IP for iron pin and FL for fence line are converted to special symbols and linetypes by Fieldto-Finish. Let’s study just one example. The sewer line running from point 52 to 53 to 54 (the southernmost point) was based on a field code of MH. Select Field-to-Finish under the Tools pulldown, arrow key down to the Utilities section, select MH for Manhole as shown and click Edit.

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When Edit is clicked, the following details are revealed: MH will do just about everything field-to-finish can do. It will make a symbol (SPT34). It will draw a sewer line with the letter S for sewer inserted. It will be placed on layer Sewer, and will plot a text description of “MANHOLE” underneath the symbol. Descriptions can be upper or lower case. Other codes will do less. Some, like LP, are set only to draw a symbol and text (Light Pole), but not to draw linework. Others, like FL for fence line, will draw linework but will not draw corner symbols or points descriptions. It all depends on the entries in Set Linetype, Set Symbol, Description and Entity Type. The “survcadd.fld” Field-to-Finish Table is provided with the software. It is designed to show one possible system, with in reality far too many codes for a field crew to remember. You can make your own table by choosing the option Tutorial - Field To Finish

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Select Code Table, and then choosing once again the Select button in the next dialog. Step 3: Layer ID can be used to verify the layers of the various plotted entities. Select Layer ID under the Inq-Set pulldown menu. Pick on the Fence Line, the Road and the Utility line and notice the various layers (FENCE, EOP, UTILITY). Its often helpful to study the layers in a drawing before deciding what to freeze and thaw. For better viewability, go to Layer Control and freeze the PNTS layer, the SPOT layer and the PNTELEV layer (turn the “sun” into the “snowflake”).

Step 4: Close the Driveway by Selecting Polyedit under the Edit Pulldown. Prompting: Select polyline: Pick the driveway polyline Close/Edit vertex/Spline curve/Decurve/Undo/eXit <X>: C (to close the gap) Open/ Edit vertex/Spline curve/Decurve/Undo/eXit <X>: X (to exit) Step 5: Let’s do some drawing cleanup, but in the process introduce a new command: Remove Polyline Segment. Note that a single property line is drawn from point 8 to 9 to 10 and to 15. But we don’t want to draw a chord from 10 to 15—this should be an arc. We want to erase the segment from 9 to 10 and from 10 to 15, so that we can re-draw it, establish the tangent, then proceed into the curve and finish back at point 1. To eliminate part of a polyline, go to the Edit pulldown, select Polyline Utilities and find Remove Polyline Segment.

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Break polyline at removal or keep continuous [<Break>/Continuous]: Enter for Break Select polyline segment to remove: Pick the segment from 9 to 10, then the segment from 10 to 15, then press Enter for no more. Now letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s draw the correct polyline, using the Polyline command under Design. (Note: if you prefer to type in the command, enter 2dp, which stands for 2D Polyline). Pick point or point numbers: 9 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 10 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: a Second point/Radius point/radius Length/<Endpoint or numbers>: 15 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 1 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>:

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Now do 2 more cleanup operations: Erase the plotted traverse line (it makes a “V” near the left side of the drawing) and do the 4-Sided Building command (Design pulldown, see Lesson 2) and make the other 2 sides of the shed located in the upper middle of the screen, near point 17. The end result, to this point, is shown below:

Step 6: Use “Erase Point Attributes” to eliminate some unwanted text. Looking over the text that remains in our drawing (above), much of it can be used in the final drawing (eg. tree sizes and types, the “manhole” text, the “light pole” text). But someone was perhaps “overzealous” in calling for text to the plotted for iron pins and poles within Field-to-Finish. These can be fully described in the Legend, without the redundancy of plotting to the screen. So let’s get rid of all “IRON PIN” and “POLE” text. These text items are “special”. If E for Erase is used to erase these text items, the entire point will be erased (the attributes are “grouped” with the point). So we will use Erase Point Attributes, found under Points. Page 2-72

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Select Point No., Elev, or Desc to Erase (Enter to End): Pick the 3 poles and the 4 iron pins. Step 7: Use Extend by Distance to Create a Building. Our building will be less complex than in Lesson 2, but we will introduce “t” and “c” as options , in addition to “l” for left and “r” for right. Under Edit, find Extend and choose “By Distance”. Pick line or pline to extend: ”. Pick the western side of the small line segment west of the 12” pine and north of the driveway. Follow the prompts: Enter or pick distance to Draw (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): t50 (“T” or “t” means “total” distance or “to” the distance—so extend “to” 50 feet total) Enter or pick distance to Draw (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): l62.5 Enter or pick distance to Draw (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): l35 Enter or pick distance to Draw (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): l30 Enter or pick distance to Draw (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): r15 Enter or pick distance to Draw (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): c (to close) Enter or pick distance to Draw (A,B,C,E,L,M,N,O,P,R,S,T,U,Help): Tip: The Extend by Distance, “T” for total distance, solves the basic dilemma of how to make a line of unknown length extend to an exact known length. Many AutoCad users, not knowing Extend by Distance, will choose to draw a circle with a radius point “snapped” to one end of the line, then specify the circle radius to be the desired length of line. Then they will use classic AutoCad Extend to extend the line to the circle, then erase the circle. How much easier is Extend by Distance? Step 8: Use Twist Screen to Position Plat on Sheet. Not every drawing can be plotted “due North”. Sometimes that North direction needs to be rotated, so that the property lines and important features run nearly left-to-right or top-to-bottom on the plotted page, for a better “fit”. A simple way to accomplish this is to use Twist Screen. Let’s say we want our western line from point 8 to point 9 to run left-to-right on a sheet that will be plotted in “landscape” style (longer left-to-right than top-to-bottom). To Twist Screen by a “Line” reference, find Twist Screen, under the View pulldown menu, and slide over and select “Line”. Pick a line or pline to make horizontal: Pick the western line from point 8 to point 9 closer to point 9. Now the drawing takes on the appearance shown below:

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Notice even the AutoCad north indicator (referred to as the USCICON), at lower left, displays the rotation. If this icon visually “gets in the way”, you can turn it off with the command USCICON, followed by OFF. Step 9: Now Select Twist Point Attributes, under Points, to twist the point descriptions and point numbers back to a left-to-right rotation. Twist by [<Twist screen>/Azimuth/Entity segment/Follow polyline]? Select SurvCADD Point Attributes & Symbols to Rotate. Select objects: all The points then twist back “ortho” to the screen, reading once again left-to-right.

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Step 10: Move Point Attributes. The remaining descriptions associated with the points can be used in our final drawing, but they should be moved slightly for a better appearance. For example, the tree descriptions would look better if they weren’t “inside” the tree canopies. So under Points, select Move Point Attributes. The “cadence” of the command is “pick text, pick new text position, hit Enter, hit Enter”. Then the command repeats. Notice how the text “ghosts” as it moves, which helps you place it in the best position. Try to duplicate this result:

Step 11: Flip Text. Because of the Twist Screen, the “E’s” in the electric utility polyline are upside down. Choose Flip Text, under Edit and sliding over from Text. Select the text to flip. Select objects: Pick the upside-down E’s. Step 12: Label the dimensions of the building and the sheds automatically, in one pick each. To do this, we need to activate the option Auto Label Closed Polyline Exterior. Make this a “permanent” setting, but selecting Configure SurvCADD, Cogo-Design Module, Survey Text Defaults, and changing the dialog as shown below: Tutorial - Field To Finish

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Now click OK and exit back out, then select Building Dimensions, found under Annotate, sliding over from Survey Text. Pick the house and the shed. On the inside corner of the house, the text may overwrite, so use the Move command (under Edit, or M for Move at the command prompt) and move the 30’ dimension “underneath” the line, for a better look. That was much faster than the technique used in Lesson 2! Step 12: Auto Annotate. Another shortcut is to annotate bearings and distance, as well as arcs, using the command Auto Annotate found near the top of the Annotate pulldown. Select Auto Annotate. When the dialog appears, if you want the bearing always to the outside, select Right_Left in the lower right corner. Then pick the 3 polylines that fully define the perimeter. They are the fence line, the polyline containing the arc, and the lower polyline (still the western polyline, but we have twisted the screen so it runs along the lower portion of the drawing). Follow-up the annotation with the Move command, and move the bearings and distances to place them in positions that avoid overwriting other features (see below). Tip: When you move the lower distance, 404.90’, to the left, you want to move perfectly level to the screen (since this was the very line used to Twist the screen—it runs perfectly left-toright). To accomplish this, press function key F8 (which activates “ortho on”). Then Page 2-76

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pick 404.90’ and move it to the left, picking its final position. Repeat for the S 17O05’38” E bearing. After you move these items, press F8 again to turn off “ortho”. Sometimes you will load a drawing from another client or source, and “ortho” has been left on. It may confuse you for a second when you do move commands, but the simple solution is to press F8 and turn it off if you don’t need it. Notice how F8 works even with Twist Screen active. You might ask, “What do the other function keys do?” Function key F1 activates Help, F2 shows the background text screen (and your previous entries!), F6 toggles the appearance of coordinates, vectors and “frozen” coordinates at the bottom of the screen, etc. They all have value, but F8 is perhaps the most useful for survey and engineering drafting work. Step 13: Annotate Arc. Auto Annotate will typically center the arc annotation above and below the arc. But this causes the arc data to overwrite the surveyed edge-of-pavement (EOP) polyline. So let’s erase both the arc annotations, and do the command Annotate Arc, option Label Arc, and force both the arc length and radius “under” the arc. To erase the arc annotation, we will practice the selection set WP for window polygon. At the command line, enter E for Erase. At Select objects: enter WP. Pick as shown below:

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Then press Enter (there is not “close” for window polygon and crossing polygon selections). Now select Annotate Arc, option Label Arc. Select the arc. The Label Arc Settings dialog appears: We will locate the arc text “inside” the arc, on positions 1 and 2. Position 1 is just under the arc, 2 is under that, etc. If the goal was to place arc text both above and below the arc, then run the command twice. Fill out the dialog as shown and click OK. The new arc text will overwrite the 8” Pine, so use the command Move Point Attributes again and relocate the 8” Pine. With the annotation placed in new positions, the drawing might appear as shown below. Practice duplicating this appearance.

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Step 13: Area by Lines & Arcs. We’re going to trip the property lines at point 1 above using Trim by Point Symbol in Step 14, so before we alter our “perfect” perimeter polylines and create gaps, let’s do Area by Lines & Arcs under the Area pulldown. First bring up Area Label Defaults, and make the square units (s.f.) to the nearest whole unit (no decimals) and the “other area labels” to 2 decimal places. Then OK out of the dialog. Select Area by Lines & Arcs and pick the perimeter polylines. Pick the 3 polylines that define the property perimeter, then locate the text left of the 12” Pine. Step 14: Final Cleanup Details. Just prior to inserting the Title Block, adding a Legend, placing Title Text and Certifications (as in Lesson 2), we need to do some minor cleanup and repeat some of the procedures learned in Lesson 2. So in rapid fire order, here is our to-do list: ·

Somehow, point 16, the PL point, has survived and is “unwanted” in the final drawing. Use Layer ID (under Inq-Set) to verify the layer of point 16 (MISC). Since it is a distinct layer, freeze it by doing Freeze Layer under

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· ·

View and picking on point 16. Freeze the point numbers by going to Layer Control, and freezing the layer PNTNO. Extend the electric utility line to the left, across the property line by the command Extend by Distance, picking on the left side of the polyline and then picking again to the left, just outside the property, to extend it. Do Trim by Point Symbol, pick the concrete monument (upper left) symbol, and trim the polylines cleanly to the symbol edge. This should be done after doing Annotation by line selection, since this makes the polylines shorter! If you had done this before annotation, you would need to selection the P for “points” option within each bearing/distance annotation routine, and then specify points 15 to 1 and 1 to 8 to correctly label the distances.

Step 15: Insert the Title Block. This time, we will use the A1, 8-1/2 x 11 title block, but with the orientation landscape (not portrait). Select the Title Block routine as found under the Inq-Set pulldown menu. For a better appearance, fill out the dialog to have a 1” left margin and 0.5” other margins, as shown below:

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Note also that we have changed the Project to Lesson 3. Make any text changes that you like. Then click OK. For the insertion point, use 4830,5040 entered at the keyboard (x=4830, y=5040). If you prefer, use the Move command and pick the title block and two perimeters and move them to better fit. Never move the drawing (you alter the coordinates if you move the drawing!). Move the drawing only if changing the coordinate location is not important. Step 16: Repetition of Lesson 2 for Legend, Offset Dimension, North Arrow and Bar Scale. ·

Use the Draw Legend command under Annotate, and recall the existing (previously saved) Plat.Lgd, then Draw in the available space to the lower left of our new plat. If you did not save a legend in Lesson 2 (or skipped Lesson 2), follow the steps in that lesson. Do something different this time: Use Scale Point Attributes (under Points) and “scale up” by a factor of 1.5 the oak tree symbol in the Legend—after it draws. Select Survey Text, Survey Text Defaults and change the Offset Dimension Text alignment to Horizontal (it may have been set to Parallel from Lesson 2). Then select the Offset Dimension command and pick the lower right corner of the building, then the lowermost property line (in the current twist screen position). This labels the offset dimension horizontal to the current twist screen. Pick the Draw North Arrow command under Annotate and, viewing the North Arrow as it ghosts, pick an appropriate location. Note how it draws due north, respecting the twist screen. Choose Draw Barscale under Annotate and pick a location near the lower left portion of the drawing.

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Here is where we stand, with just a few “new” things to add.

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Step 17: Hatch the driveway. Since we closed the driveway polyline, it is a perfect “object” to hatch. We will hatch it with a “dots” hatch, at a hatch scale of 50. Find Hatch under the Draw pulldown menu. Fill out the dialog as shown, then click Select Objects, pick the driveway, then click Apply. (Apply “unghosts” after you Select Objects). Step 18: Solid Fill the shed and house. Although AutoCAD’s Hatch command now includes solid fill, here we will use SurvCADD’s Solid Fill Poly line. Find Solid Fill Polyline under Edit. In the dialog that appears, just click OK (we will go with the red color). You can pick multiple polylines at the same time to solid fill, so pick both the house and the shed, as prompted.

Select Select Select Select

the Inclusion perimeter polylines or ENTER for none. objects: Pick the House objects: Pick the Shed objects: Enter (for no more)

Select the Exclusion perimeter polylines or ENTER for none. Select objects: Enter (nothing to exclude!) Select Text to Exclude from fill or ENTER for none. Select objects: Pick the 30’ text within the house, which we don’t want to color through. It is somewhat unusual to solid fill and exclude text, but we show it here to illustrate the concept. If you had picked a circular polyline perimeter for inclusion, and excluded an interior circular polyline, you would solid fill a “donut”. The concept of inclusion and exclusion Tutorial - Field To Finish

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perimeters is central to SurvCADD, and has major application in volume work. Step 19: Offset the EOP Polyline by Offset 3D Polyline. Try something. Using the Offset command under Draw, try offsetting the edge-of-pavement polyline (that runs roughly parallel to the sewer line) 30 feet to the right (for the other edge-of-pavement. It won’t work. It will say “Cannot offset that object”, because that object is a 3D Polyline (made that way by field-to-finish, code EP). That is the standard AutoCad Offset command. But SurvCADD CES has a command specifically to do this. Under Edit, select 3D Polyline Utilities, and slide over to Offset 3D Polyline. Enter the offset method [<Interval>,Constant,Variable]: Enter (99% of time, its Enter here!) Vertical/<Horizontal offset amount>: 30 Percent/Ratio/Vertical offset amount <0>: Enter Select a polyline to offset (Enter for none): Pick the EOP polyline Select side to offset: Pick out and away from parcel, for other side of road

Step 20: Use of F8 for Dtext and Mtext in Twist Screen. We may wish to put a pair of title lines in, as in Farmer Survey, August 15, 2000. As in Lesson 2, decide on a “style” ahead of time by going to Draw, Text, Set Style. A dialog comes up. Click New and call it “Title” (eg. the style of text to be used in titles). We will choose the old standby, RomanT font, at 10 degree oblique (shown here). It is “safer” to choose an “shx” font as opposed to the fonts designated “TT” in the list, as these more advanced fonts sometimes change color or have Page 2-84

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difficulty plotting. Click Apply, then click Close. Now for the title, enter the command Dtext at the command line. Justify/Style/<Start point>: c Center point: Pick a point near the top right of the screen Height <8.00>: 20 Rotation angle <E>: <Ortho on> Text: Farmer Survey Text: August 15, 2000 Text: Finally, do the command Text Enlarge/Reduce (see Text under Edit) and pick on the date just entered, and scale it down a bit by 0.8. Step 21: Linear Leaders using Leader with Text. Not everybody is a fan of curving “special leaders”. Some prefer a sharp, linear look. First, let’s verify scaling by going to Drawing Setup under Inq-Set. We are at 100 scale, text size of 0.08. Let’s shrink our text size to 0.06 (same size as building dimensions) and label our house “2-Story”, “Frame House” (2 lines of labeling). Select Leader with Text under Annotate. Arrow location: Pick near the left side of the house Text location: Pick off to the left Text: 2-Story Text: Frame House Text: Tip: It is interesting how the Leader with Text will respond to the grips. The “arrowhead” is “intelligent”. It will stay pointed in the right direction. Grips are activated by picking on an object without first issuing a command. Just pick on the leader, anywhere on it. You get two grip squares (usually default yellow), one on the left side and one of the right. Now pick on the right grip (nearest the house). Then move your cursor. Note how the arrow moves with you. Now pick again for the new location, and note how the arrowhead is properly oriented. Step 22: Draw the Contour Map without Seeing the Points on the Screen. Go to the DTM-Contour module under Misc, and choose Triangulate & Contour under the Contour pulldown menu. Viewing the dialog, verify that the contour interval is 1, click on Use Inclusion/Exclusion Areas, click on Label Contours (we will label while we contour) and finally, click on Specify Selection Options. The dialog should be filled out as shown below:

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Click OK, and a second dialog appears. This is the “trick” to contouring without seeing points on the screen. By choosing “Specify Selection Options”, you get to choose to contour “From File”, as clicked on here. Click OK, and a third dialog appears (for labeling). If our goal is to label the ends of contours, with no interior labeling (to avoid overwriting), we click Label Contour Ends (above) and No Interior Labels (below).

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c Click OK on the third (Contour Label Options) dialog. Select the Inclusion perimeter polylines or ENTER for none. Select objects: Enter Select the Exclusion perimeter polylines or ENTER for none. Select objects: Pick the house and the shed Select the points and barrier lines to Triangulate. Do a right-to-left window of the property. Even though there are no points visible, some nodes may be there and certainly the road edge-of-pavement 3D polylines will be used for contouring. A right-to-left selection behaves as a “crossing”. Any object that is “touched” by the window or included inside the window is selected. A left-to-right selection is a “window” selection. Only things fully enclosed by the window will be selected. Select objects: Other corner: 125 found Select objects: Enter (for no more) Then pick your “crd” file that contains the points. Reading points ... 200 Range of Point Numbers to use (A for All) <A>: Enter Page 2-88

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Wildcard match of point description <*>: Enter Lastly, use the grips to rotate the lower left elevation “502” annotation. Make it read roughly left-to-right. Pick it and get the “grips”. The first grip is Stretch. Hit Enter to get the second grip (Move). Hit Enter again to get the third grip (if you haven’t figured it out already, the right-button on your mouse is usually equivalent to Enter). ** STRETCH ** <Stretch to point>/Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit: ** MOVE ** <Move to point>/Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit: ** ROTATE ** <Rotation angle>/Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit: Now move your cursor to get the desired rotation.

Here is the final drawing:

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Lesson 4: Street Intersections, Cul-de-Sacs and Subdivision Layout Step 1: Click the icon for SurvCADD CES and start-up AutoCad/SurvCADD from Windows. Step 2: Once in SurvCADD CES, click Open under the File pulldown menu. Look for the file Plat4.dwg and click on it. When it lights up blue, as shown below, it will appear in the Preview Window at right. It should “look” like the open-sided property shown here. Plat4.dwg is found within the Work directory of SurvCADD CES. You search for the file as you typically would in Windows, clicking the yellow “up-one-level” button to go to the “parent” directory of the current directory, or by clicking the adjacent down arrow to find the desired path in the full “tree” of directory locations.

Now click Open to select the file Plat4.dwg. Step 3: Enter & Assign a Starting point for the Street Centerline. Select Draw/ Locate Point under the Points pulldown and obtain the dialog shown below:

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Click off the prompting and labeling for Descriptions, Elevations and Locate on Real Z Axis (make them blank as shown). Up top, change the symbol to SPT10 by picking Select (at the very top of the dialog) and choosing symbol 10 from the dialog of symbol choices (not shown here). Also verify that Automatic Point Numbering is clicked on, that the Starting Point Number is 1, that the layer is PNTS. Match these entries (which are mostly the default conditions) and click Enter & Assign at the lower right. Prompting will appear at the bottom of the screen. We will enter the starting point as follows: Enter North(y): 4809.17 Enter East (x): 4391.28 The program will recognize that youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve not yet started a coordinate file, and will prompt:

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Click New and enter the File Name as Plat4 (which should be the default). If you enter Plat4, you do not need to enter the extension “.crd”. The program will add extensions automatically. Then you will be prompted again: Enter North(y): Enter (for no more points—we’re done) Step 4: Traverse from PI to PI (to the two “endpoints” of our centerline). Select Traverse under the Cogo pulldown menu, or alternately just enter T at the command line. (T is a “hot” key. Other “hot” keys are I for Inverse and SS for Sideshot). Traverse, Line OFF, RAW FILE OFF Exit/Options/Arc/Line/SideShot/Inverse/Angle-Bearing Code <7>: 1 Enter Bearing Angle (dd.mmss) <90.0000>: 58.1848 Number inverse/<Distance>: 736.73 (5018.19 5196.15 0.0) Exit/Options/Arc/Line/SideShot/Inverse/Angle-Bearing Code <1>: e (to exit) You could keep on traversing, but we stop here to review. You have created point 2, traversing NE from point 1. To review, code 1 is for NE, 2 for SE, 3 for SW, 4 for NW, 5 for Azimuth, 6 for Angle Left, 7 for Angle Right, 8 for Deflection Left and 9 for Deflection Right. This is the standard way that traverses and sideshots are entered in SurvCADD CES—with a code entry (followed by Enter), then the angle or bearing entry (followed by Enter). Lesson 1, the Deed Description exercise, presented another method, where the angle and bearing are together in the form of 158.1848. That is a “rare” form, designed to save keystrokes, and used primarily only in Enter Deed Description. Now you’ve been exposed to both! Step 5: Line On/Off. Click Line On/Off under the Cogo pulldown menu to turn on simultaneous linework with traversing. This command toggles on and off each time you click it, with the On status indicated by a checkmark. Now repeat the Traverse command (try T for Traverse this time, entered at the command line). Traverse, Line ON, RAW FILE OFF Exit/Options/Arc/Line/SideShot/Inverse/Angle-Bearing Code <1>: 2 Page 2-92

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Enter Bearing Angle (dd.mmss) <58.1848>: 75.0627 Number inverse/<Distance>: 553.69 (5553.28 5053.85 0.0) Exit/Options/Arc/Line/SideShot/Inverse/Angle-Bearing Code <2>: e (to exit) Step 6: Draw a Polyline from Point 1 to Point 2, and connect the segments with Join Nearest. We could have turned linework with traverse on before we got started, but now we will do it “after-the-fact”. So choose Polyline under Design (some users like to simply type in 2DP at the command line—that starts the Polyline command also). Pick point or point numbers: 1 Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: 2 Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter (to end)

Now we have two line objects. The first, from point 2 to point 3 is a pure “Line”. The second, from point 1 to point 2, is a true “Polyline” (even though its only one segment long). It is officially a “LWPOLYLINE”, a “lightweight” polyline. This can be verified by picking it within the List command under Inq-Set. Polylines are linked combinations of one or more line segments that behave as one unit. We encourage use of polylines versus lines, because they offset as a “unit”, will take on a thickness or width, are easier to select, and have superior editing capabilities. A line can be turned into a polyline by picking Polyedit under Edit, picking the line, and answering Y to the question “Do you want to turn it into one? <Y>:” To join the polyline and line objects into a single polyline, choose the very useful command Join Nearest, found under Edit. Tutorial - Subdivision Layout

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Just click OK (the defaults are good). Now pick the polyline from 1 to 2 and the line from 2 to 3, then hit Enter for no more. Now just “grip” on the new polyline, by picking it with the cursor. See how the whole thing “highlights”? That is proof that it is joined up as a polyline.

Step 7: Design a Curve with a 500’ Radius. Under Design, Pick Curves and slide over to 2 Tangents, Radius. Radius of Arc <0.00>: 500 [nea] Pick Point on 1st Tangent Line: Pick on the 1st polyline segment closer to point 2 [nea] Pick Point on 2nd Tangent Line: Pick on the 2nd polyline segment close to point 2 The arc draws in, and the centerline “remains” a polyline, now with 3 segments. Step 8: I for Inverse. Entering I for Inverse, at the command line, is a handy way to “get on” a point to begin another traverse. Practice inversing. Enter I. Inverse from point 1, then to point 2, then to point 3 then back to 1. But you can also inverse (go to) a “snapped” position on a line or polyline, such as the midpoint of an arc. Let’s do that, because we want to traverse south from the midpoint of the arc. Enter I, for Inverse. Command: i Calculate Bearing & Distance from starting point? Traverse/SideShot/Options/Arc/Pick point or point number: mid (for midpoint snap) of Select the arc Traverse/SideShot/Options/Arc/Pick point or point number: T (for traverse) Traverse, Line ON, RAW FILE OFF Exit/Options/Arc/Line/SideShot/Inverse/Angle-Bearing Code <2>: Enter Bearing Angle (dd.mmss) <75.0627>: 10.11 Number inverse/<Distance>: 400 Exit/Options/Arc/Line/SideShot/Inverse/Angle-Bearing Code <2>: e (to exit traverse) Notice that you can transition from inverse, to traverse, to sideshot, etc. with these COGO options. We were in inverse, but we did T for traverse, and could have done I for inverse to return to inverse. This cuts down on keystrokes and adds to the sense of fluidity of the software. Step 9: Turn a Line into a Polyline with Polyedit. The command Offsets & Intersections Page 2-94

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requires pure polylines, not lines to execute. So since we had Line On with the last traverse, we have created a line. To use this in street design, we need to convert it into a polyline. Select Polyedit under the Edit pulldown menu. Select polyline: Pick the side road line. Object selected is not a polyline Do you want to turn it into one? <Y> Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo/eXit <X>: (Enter to exit) Step 10: Offsets & Intersections. Under the Design pulldown menu, select Offsets & Intersections. Select all PRIMARY road polylines. Select objects: Press Enter (we will consider both these subdivision streets “secondary”) Select all SECONDARY road polylines. Select objects: Pick the main centerline Select objects: Pick the side road Select objects: Enter (for no more)

The street intersections are presented in a “dynamic” dialog as shown above. Tutorial - Subdivision Layout

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menting with different radii under the Secondary Roads column, then clicking Calculate. The streets will re-draw in the upper graphical area. But after experimenting, change the 4 values under Secondary Roads to those shown (ignore Primary Roads—those don’t apply here) and click Calculate. Then click Finish. Note the drawn-out street intersection. Now select Layer ID under the Inq-Set pulldown. Pick on the outside polyline (it is layer ROW). Pick on the next polyline in from the outside (it is layer EOP). For example, if you had clicked off EOP under the Draw column in the above dialog, the edge-ofpavement polyline would not have drawn. Step 11: Standard Cul-de-Sac. Under Design, select Cul-de-Sacs. Prompting: Select all offset polylines to end with cul-de-sac. Select objects: Do a crossing selection (pick from left to right) across the lower side road, passing across and selecting all 5 polylines (ROW-L, EOP-L, CL, EOP-R, ROW-R) Select objects: Enter (for no more) Pick cul-de-sac center projection onto centerline: end (type “end” for endpoint snap) of… Pick the endpoint of the centerline of the lower side road (near point 4) This brings up the following dialog:

Again, you can change the Fillet Radius and the Outside Radius on the EOP or ROW, hit Calculate, and check out its effect. (Don’t make the Outside radii too small or it will fail Page 2-96

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calculate—there is no workable solution). Set values as shown above. Then click on Finish. Step 12: Teardrop Cul-de-Sac. Now select the Cul-de-Sacs routine again. Prompting: Select all offset polylines to end with cul-de-sac. Select objects: Do a crossing selection (pick from left to right) across the right main road, passing across and selecting all 5 polylines (ROW-L, EOP-L, CL, EOP-R, ROW-R) Select objects: Enter (for no more) Pick cul-de-sac center projection onto centerline: end (type “end” for endpoint snap) of… Pick the endpoint of the centerline of the lower side road (near point 3) For a “teardrop” cul-de-sac, fill out the dialog as follows, then click on Calculate and Finish:

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Teardrop cul-de-sacs allow moving vans and other large vehicles more turning room, and have been popular in the Cincinnati area, for instance. Our drawing now appears as shown below: Step 13: Break at Selected Point. The Lot Layout routine under Design works nicely with “reasonable” polylines that run roughly parallel. Our goal is to make 1-acre lots. Lots of zigs, zags and jogs in the polylines cause the perpendicular offset logic to fail to find a solution (lots will radiate perpendicular from the “front” polyline in Lot Layout). Not only should the “front” and “back” lines run “opposite” each other, but they should end at some point before the calculation runs into difficulty with impossible math. The outer R-O-W polyline currently runs left-to-right, goes around both cul-de-sacs and returns right-to-left in one, connected polyline. We need to “break” it near where the arrow is pointing. It should be easy to layout lots along the upper portion of the subdivision, as long as we “stop” or “break” the R-O-W polyline before it turns and runs back through the lower, more complex frontage and back property portions. Under Edit, select Break, and slide over to At Selected Point. It prompts: Select object: Pick at the far right end of the Teardrop cul-de-sac R-O-W polyline. To prove you have “broken” the polyline in two, click on the R-O-W polyline on the Page 2-98

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south side (only the south portion should highlight), then click on the north R-O-W polyline (which we will use as our “frontage” polyline in the command Lot Layout). Then press the ESC key twice, which gets rid of the grips, as does zooming or panning. Step 14: Select Lot Layout under Design. A dialog appears:

Fill out as shown. In particular, click off Apply Remainder Equally to All Lots (if it is on)—so that we “force” 1.000 acres lots and don’t just get equal lots of some size such as 1.0017 (because the remainder lot that wouldn’t fit was added onto all lots). Making “Closed Polylines” means that our side lines will be “doubled up”—each lot sharing a side line. Click OK. You get prompted: Select front polyline: Pick north R-O-W Select back polyline: Pick northernmost polyline—the back property line. The 1.00 acres lots are laid out as far as is possible. Step 15: Applications of Reverse Polyline. We can get one more lot from Lot Layout, by doing the lower R-O-W at the left side of the drawing, and picking the southern “back” Tutorial - Subdivision Layout

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polyline. Let’s try. Select Lot Layout under Design. Use same dialog entries. Select the front polyline as the southern edge of the road R-O-W, near the left side of the drawing. Select the back polyline as the southern property line. Oops! Nothing drew. It was unable to calculate. It turns out that the direction of the polyline is important. The southern R-O-W polyline starts way off to the right, so the program wasn’t even considering where we were looking! We need to “reverse” the direction of the southern R-O-W polyline so it starts on the left side. Select Reverse Polyline found under the Edit pulldown, sliding over from Polyline Utilities. It prompts: Select Polyline to Reverse: Pick the southern R-O-W polyline. The polyline now reverses direction, goes left-to-right, and shown little “phantom” direction lines (which can be removed by typing Regen at the command prompt). Now repeat the Lot Layout command as outlined in the beginning of Step 15, and we get one new lot out of the exercise, as shown below:

Step16: Break at Intersection. The lower “back” property line is still continuous. We can work with it “in small pieces” rather than as one big polyline. Say we want to “break” it as the inside corner identified by the arrow above. To do this, select Edit pulldown, Break, sliding over to At Intersection. Prompting: Page 2-100

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Select Line, Arc, or Polyline to Break: Pick the south property line [app on] Pick Intersection to break at: Move the cursor to the intersection point indicated above, look for the “INT” snap to appear as you approach the exact corner (which is an intersect), then click there. Step 17: Draw a Polyline from the corner indicated by the arrow to the beginning of the R-OW arc, also indicated by an arrow above. Select Polyline under Design. Pick point or point numbers: end (type in “end” for the endpoint snap) of ..Pick the inner back property corner Undo/Arc/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: end (type in “end” for the endpoint snap) of ..Pick the beginning of the arc (it will show “endpt” when you get close to the true start of arc) Undo/+/-/Arc/Close/Length/<Pick point or point numbers>: Enter (to end) Step 18: Area by Interior Point. We have just created a new lot, but the lot is not defined by one, single, closed polyline. If we want to verify its area, however, we can still use the command Area by Interior Point. Select Area by Interior Point under Area. Pick point inside area perimeter: Pick inside our new lot SQ. FEET: 40997.2 SQ. YARDS: 4555.2 SQ. MILES: 0.0 ACRES: 0.9412 PERIMETER: 830.5026 Pick area label centering point…Press Enter here to avoid labeling. The lot is less than 1 acres. We will set as a goal to extend its lower boundary to the right to obtain 1 acre. That is the command “Hinged Area”. But Hinged Area works best if we have a nice, closed polyline for the new lot. We can get one using the command Boundary Polyline. Step 19: Boundary Polyline. First let’s make a layer called Lots, using Layer Control found under View. Select Layer Control and obtain the following dialog:

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Click on New. When Layer1 highlights (as shown at lower left), type over it with LOTS, then click under the C (color) column and change the color to Magenta. Then click the Current button up top to make this layer “current”. Then click OK to exit the dialog. At the command line, type in Bpoly. When the dialog appears, pick “Make New Boundary Set”.

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Then pick all the polylines that “surround” our new lot. Then after you hit Enter to Select objects, this same dialog returns. Then you select Pick Points and pick inside the lot. This creates a new closed polyline, in the current, Lots layer (magenta).

Step 20: Select Hinged Area under the Area pulldown. Define area by points or closed polyline [Points/<Polyline>]? Enter (for polyline) Select polyline segment to adjust: Pick on the right-side line Select hinge point[endp]: Pick on the upper right hinge point (see arrow) Keep existing polyline [Yes/<No>]? n

Area: 40997.20 S.F, 0.9412 Acres Acres/Enter target area (s.f.): a Enter target area (acres): 1.0 The new lot draws, as shown below:

Step 21: Now do the Trim command, found under Edit. We are going to trim out the polyline segment that is pointed to above with the text “Click on This Side”. Select cutting edges: (Projmode = UCS, Edgemode = No extend) Select objects: Click the new, extended Polyline (the one we just “hinged”) Select objects: <Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo: Pick the polyline pointed to with “Click on This Side”—we want to trim this out. No intersections in the interior of the curve. Incredibly, it won’t trim with the standard Trim command. This kind of event needs to be in the Tutorial—because you need to know how to respond.

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The response is to use Trim 3D Polyline, found under Edit, sliding over from 3D Polyline Utilities. Even though we are not dealing with 3D polylines, these 3D Trim, Extend and Join commands can sometimes overcome difficulties with pure, “vanilla” AutoCad. Prompting: Select trim edge polylines. Pick the “hinged” lot polyline. Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Enter for no more Select polyline to trim: Pick the polyline pointed to above with Click on This Side. The trim worked. Step 22: Make 2 More Lots with Polyline command. Instead of using Draw, Polyline, we will use the “straight” AutoCad polyline command. At the command line, enter PL. From point: end (type in the endpoint snap) of…Pick the endoint pointed at with the horizontal arrow shown above. Current line-width is 0.00 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: per (type in the perPage 2-104

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pendicular snap) to…Pick on the R-O-W polyline to the right. Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: Enter (to end) Now for the second lot. Referring to the drawing below, repeat the PL command, and answer as follows: From point: nea (enter the nearest snap) of…Pick on the property line anywhere near the circled point 1—no need to be exact Current line-width is 0.00 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: per (type in the perpendicular snap, which when intersecting arcs means “radial” to the arc) to…Pick on the R-O-W polyline near circled point 2. Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: Enter (to end) The drawing appears below:

Step 23: Repeat Break at Intersect (see above instructions) and break the back property polyline and the cul-de-sac R-O-W polyline at the intersections with are newly drawn polyline from step 22. Tutorial - Subdivision Layout

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Step 24: Repeat Lot Layout. Use the same dialog entries as before. The “front” and “back” polylines to select are shown below, along with the results.

Step 25: Sliding Side Area. Because we have made closed polylines with the Lot Layout command, we can investigate another nifty area command, the Sliding Side Area. As shown in the graphic above, we want to slide the north side of the last, smaller lot parallel to its current bearing such that the lot will contain 1.00 acres. Select Sliding Side Area under the Area pulldown. Define area by points or closed polyline [Points/<Polyline>]? Enter Select polyline segment to adjust: Pick the north side of the lot above (shown here containing the words “Sliding Side Area”) Keep existing polyline [Yes/<No>]? Enter Area: 20375.30 S.F, 0.4678 Acres Acres/Enter target area (s.f.): a (a for acres) Enter target area (acres): 1.0

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Step 26: Complete the remaining Lots. Using the PL for Polyline command (both the commands under Draw and under Design will work fine), use endpoint snaps and perpendicular snaps (end and per) to draw the final 3 polylines, shown below marked 1, 2 and 3 for reference. It may not be the most “aesthetic” subdivision, but we applied a lot of tools making it. But we’re not done. There’s some real automation ahead. Step 27: Create Points from Entities. We’ve designed a subdivision, in effect, without point numbers. This is the beauty of CAD. But we need to make point numbers in order to stakeout the subdivision. To do this, Select Create Points from Entities, under Cogo. The following dialog appears:

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Set the starting point number to 5, verify the dialog as shown, and press Enter.

A second dialog, covering what entities to capture, appears next. Stick with the default settings and click OK. When it asks, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Select objectsâ&#x20AC;?, type in All. Press Page 2-108

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Enter for no more selections. All the point numbers for stakeout are created.

Step 28: Number the lots, clockwise from the upper left, using the command Sequential Numbers. Under Draw, select Sequential Numbers. This dialog appears: Choose the circled text and click OK.

Set the text size (height) to 16 and the starting text value to 10, as shown. Then click OK. Tutorial - Subdivision Layout

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Pick point at beginning of label: Pick near the center of the first upper left lot. Pick point for label alignment: Press F8 for <Ortho on> Pick to the right. Now pick near the center of all of the lots, going clockwise. When done and back to the command line, press F8 again to set Ortho off. The resulting drawing, with point numbers, is shown below:

Step 29: Lot File by Interior Text. Official “lot” files can be created whenever a lot number or name exists within a lot as the sole text (other text may be present but could be frozen). So we will play it safe and first “freeze” the point number layer. Before we do, take note of the point number assigned to the NW corner of Lot 10. In our case, it is point 64 (it may be different in your case, depending on how you selected the objects in the command Convert Entities to Points). Under View, select Freeze Layer and pick on one of the point numbers. Now select Lot File by Interior Text, under the Design pulldown. Starting point number <96>: Enter Block Name <1>: Enter Select lot lines, polylines and text. Select objects: Pick the lots and the lot numbers. Page 2-110

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The Lot Files will be created. Before we look at the Lot Files, letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s finish up and do Area Annotation on the upper lots, by the command Area by Interior Point. Note: If we had not made points at all lot corners, using Convert Entities to Points, the Lot File by Interior Text would make point numbers. This is the reason for the prompt: Starting point number. If points are found, no new ones are created. Lot files must have points at all the corners. Step 30: Area by Interior Point. Select Area Label Defaults and cancel the square feet plot, leaving only the area plot to 3 decimal places. Set as shown below:

Now choose Area by Interior Point, under the Area pulldown menu, and pick inside Lots 10 through 16, as shown below:

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Step 31: Select Lot File Report, under Design, and the following dialog appears:

Pick on Lot 10 and click OK. This will lead to the lot report for Lot 10, including Page 2-112

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the point numbers, shown next:

This dialog is typical of the new, improved report dialogs in SurvCADD CES. You can click on 1 or more lines, highlight them and hit the delete key on the keyboard, and these lines will delete. You can edit lines directly in the dialog. You can save the report to disk with the Save icon shown above. To exit, click the Exit icon. Step 32: Input Edit Lot File can be used to describe a lot by different point numbers or to assign a lot to a different block. Click Input-Edit Lot File under the Design pulldown menu. Pick a lot to edit from the dialog shown below (eg. Lot 10).

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Then click the Edit button and you get this dialog:

This is shown for reference purposes. Step 32: Re-Drawing Lots after Editing Points. Let’s assume you actually changed the point numbers that define Lot 10. That would cause the lot to draw differently. Also, you could simply alter the coordinate values of a point in the current lot file. That would also cause the lot to draw differently. Let’s take the latter approach. Remember point 64? It is the NW corner of lot 10 (in our case—your’s may be different as stated above). So select Edit Points under the Points pulldown menu. Scroll down to point 64 (or whatever point is your NW corner of Lot 10).

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Click on the Northing and edit it to 5050. This is for illustration purposes. In reality, you might be fine-tuning your subdivision design points. As long as the same points define the lots, you are, in effect, making a ready-made new drawing. Now select at the top of the dialog File, then Save and Exit. Step 34: Draw Lot File. Before we draw the lot file, Save your drawing by selecting Save under the File pulldown menu. Then choose New, exit the Startup Wizard (if it appears), and go straight to Draw Lot File, under the Design pulldown menu.

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Select your lot file in the next dialog, then in the dialog below, choose all lots by clicking Select All.

This leads to the Auto-Annotate Dialog, shown here. Stick with the defaults. Click OK.

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Next comes the Area Label Defaults dialog, just as shown in Step 30. Fill out exactly as shown in Step 30. This leads to the plot shown below, created entirely from stored Lot Files, and showing our revision of Lot 10.

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Lesson 5: Contouring, Valley Dam and Road Design by DTM This is the easiest of the tutorialsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;on a good day, the entire process takes 3 minutes. If thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s all the time you have and you have purchased the DTM-Contour Module, do this one first! Step 1: Click the icon for SurvCADD CES and start-up AutoCad/SurvCADD from Windows. Step 2: Once in SurvCADD CES, go straight to Draw/Locate Points (under the Points pulldown menu). You obtain this dialog:

Choose symbol 10 by clicking Select at the top of the dialog, then picking Symbol 10 from the options that appear. All other settings are default. Verify that you match what appears here. Then click the option Draw All. Page 2-118

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You will then be asked to choose the coordinate file that you want to use. Select Topo.crd as shown here and click Open.

The points immediately plot on the screen and the program “zooms” to the extents of the points. If you don’t see the points, select Extents under View. The point plot is shown below:

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Step 3: Triangulate & Contour. Be sure you are in the DTM-Contour module. If you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see pulldown menus DTM, Contour and Site, then go to the MISC pulldown menu and pick D.T.M. & Contour Menu. Now under the Contour pulldown menu, pick the topmost item, Triangulate & Contour. A very large dialog appear, which you should fill out as shown. Changes from default conditions include Contour Interval 5, Label Contours, Draw Index Contours, and setting of maximum Tmesh line lengths to 300 in all cases. If the goal of the field crew was never to shoot points further apart then 100 feet, then certainly triangulation over 300 feet can be ignored. Now click OK.

Set the Index contour interval to 25 (index intervals are most often 5 times the standard contour interval). You also have the option to change layer names. You could call the layer CTR-25, for example. Now click OK. The next dialog concerns itself with labeling. We want to label index contours only (so its not too busy) and do 2 labels per contour. This works very well for a valleyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;it puts a contour Tutorial - Contouring/Site Design

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label on each side of the valley. Sometimes you may prefer to label a specific length of contour. Fill the dialogs out as shown and press Ok. Prompting is as follows: Select the points and barrier lines to Triangulate. Select objects: all (â&#x20AC;&#x153;Allâ&#x20AC;? means select everything visible on the screen) 615 found Select objects: Enter (for no more) The contours are drawn. Now choose the command Freeze Layer and pick on one of the points (its number or its elevation) and press Enter. The points freeze. Here is the plot so far

Step 4: Edit Contours. The arrow above points to an area that needs editing. This area is enlarged below:

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Choose the command Edit Contours, found under the Contour pulldown menu. Select contour to edit: Click on the 1460 contour (leftmost cursor, shown above) Pick intermediate point (Enter to end): Click for the new position of the 1460 contour Pick intermediate point (‘U’ to Undo,Enter to end): Click a 3rd time Pick intermediate point (‘U’ to Undo,Enter to end): Click a 4th time (more if desired—you are re-drawing the contour, in effect) Pick intermediate point (‘U’ to Undo,Enter to end): Enter (press Enter before you want to reconnect to the original 1460—as above) Pick reconnection point on contour: Pick on the 1460 contour to reconnect. Select contour to edit: Continue on and edit other contours, as desired. The Edit Contour command will keep the every edited contour (eg. our 1460 contour) as a single polyline. The edited segment is auto-joined to the before and after segments. Results below:

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Step 5: Draw a Polyline across the Valley, to represent the Centerline of a Dam. Choose the Draw pulldown menu and select Polyline (near the top of the menu). This is the standard AutoCad polyline command, the same command you get when you type PL at the command prompt (at the bottom of the screen). Try to split the valley with the polyline (see below). From point: Pick on the left side of the valley. Current line-width is 0.00 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: Pick on the right side of the valley. Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: Enter (for no more vertices)

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Step 6: Making Grid Files. A grid file can be used for volumes, comparing one grid to another. While we have the original contours visible, we should save a “Topo-e” grid file (topo-existing). Select Make 3D Grid under the DTM pulldown menu. Let’s call the original ground grid “Topo-e” as shown in the dialog here.

Click Save. Use position from another file or pick grid position [<Pick>/File]? Enter Pick Lower Left grid corner: Pick to the lower left of the topo area. Tutorial - Contouring/Site Design

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Pick Upper Right grid corner: Pick to the upper right of the topo area. You’ve just named your grid file and selected the area to grid. This leads to another dialog, shown on the next page.

Use the default settings here (plenty accurate for this application). Click Ok. Select points, lines and polylines to grid from. Select objects: all (again we can use the “all” selection) Select objects: Enter (for no more) The file Topo-e.grd is then stored.

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Tip: Whenever you make SurvCADD CES files, such as coordinate files (crd), grid files (grd), even pond capacity files (cap), they store to disk. When you do an AutoCad Undo command (U for undo), you undo the graphics, but the files are safely stored and are not “undone”. SurvCADD does not like to “overdo” making files. Make them if you want, but we won’t make any that aren’t needed. The entire contouring process, above, was completed without making a single new file, for example—though there were options, clicked off by default, to make files. Step 7: Design Valley Pond. Select Design Valley Pond under the Site pulldown menu. Source of surface model [<File>/Screen]? F Select the grid file Topo-e. If we had no grid file, we could have chosen the screenselect option, and selected all objects. Pick the top of dam polyline: Pick the centerline of the dam, as drawn earlier Pick a point within the pond: Pick upstream of the dam centerline Enter slopes as percent grade or slope ratio [Percent/<Ratio>]? Enter for ratio Enter the outslope ratio <2.0>: 3 Enter the interior slope ratio <3.0>: 4 Enter the top of dam width <10.0>: 20 Range of existing elevations along dam top: 1421.43 to 1576.42 Enter the top of dam elevation: 1460 Cut pond interior [Yes/<No>]? n Calculate stage-storage values [<Yes>/No]? y Answering Y leads to the following report, which includes earthwork volumes and water storage volumes.

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Click the Exit icon to continue forward in the process. Output grid file of final pond surface [Yes/<No>]? y Save the surface that includes the pond in the file Topo-d for Topo with dam. Write stage-storage to SEDCAD file [Yes/<No>]? y Save the pond stage-storage curve file (in SEDCAD format) in a file—choose any name. Adjust parameters and redesign pond [Yes/<No>]? n Trim existing contours inside pond perimeter [Yes/<No>]? y Retain trimmed polyline segments [Yes/<No>]? n Contour the pond [<Yes>/No]? n The process is complete. Do one more thing. At the command line, enter E for erase and then when it says “Select objects:”, pick on the centerline of the dam, then Enter for no more picks, and the centerline will erase. Tip: The stage-storage curve that you save will plot in the Hydrology module. It makes a nice, handy plot for report purposes. See Lesson 8. Step 8: Check it out in 3D. Select the 3D Viewer Window option, under the View pulldown. Select 3dFaces, Polylines, Lines, and Points to view. Select objects: all (again, we use the all selection) Page 2-128

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Select objects: Enter for no more This leads to the starter view (a plan view) shown below:

The main trick is to move the X-Axis bar to the left. Avoid the Y-Axis dial for now, and then grip on the Z-Axis dial and move it back and forth relatively fast, or just click on the Z-Axis arrows and watch things move slower. Its like you are in a helicopter over the site. Hereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s an example:

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Step 9: Choose 3D Polyline by Slope on Surface, found under the 3Dpoly pulldown menu. Enter the polyline layer <SLOPE_PLINE>: Enter (to accept this) Now select the grid file (this routine expects a grid). The file is Topo-d. Pick origin point of 3D polyline: Pick a point on the south side of the top of the dam, just before it contacts the ground. Direction of 3D polyline [<Up>/Down]? d Direction of 3D polyline facing down slope [<Left>/Right]? r Enter the design slope: 10 Horizontal distance: 613.32, Slope distance: 616.38 Vertical drop: -61.33, Avg slope: -10.00%, Max slope: 10.00% Pick origin point of 3D polyline (Enter to end): Enter (no more)

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This created a smooth, 10% downhill grade 3D polyline, as shown below, which we can use to construct a maintenance road up to the dam. Step 10: Offset 3D Polyline. This is a SurvCADD CES speciality, a high-powered DTM/ engineering feature. In short, you can work in 3D because you can offset and manipulate 3D polylines using SurvCADD. So Select Offset 3D Polyline under 3Dpoly. Prompting: Enter the offset method [<Interval>,Constant,Variable]: Enter Vertical/<Horizontal offset amount>: 30 (for a 30â&#x20AC;&#x2122; wide road) Percent/Ratio/Vertical offset amount <0>: Select a polyline to offset (Enter for none): Pick our new 3D polyline

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Select side to offset: Pick into the hill, to the left or SW Select a polyline to offset (Enter for none): Enter (for no more) This creates the other side of the road—parallel, but not joined yet. For that we use use Join Nearest. Step 11: Select Join Nearest under the Edit pulldown menu. A dialog appears, which you need to fill out as follows: The most important aspect is to click Directly Connect Endpoints, and “tolerate” the fact that they are 30’ apart by allowing for a Max separation to join of 31. That way, they will join! Select lines, arcs and unclosed polylines to join. Pick both sides of the road, one at a time, carefully avoiding picking a contour. If both the edge of roads are picked and highlighted, hit Enter to avoid additional selections. If a contour is picked, press ESC to exit the command and start over, or press R for remove, pick it to remove it from the selection set, then A to Add, and pick again on the road. Tip: This is obvious, but where it is difficult to pick what you want, because several objects are nearby or “overtop” what you want, it pays to do View, Window and zoom in closer, followed by View, Previous after you are done. We have a road, or at least a sloping “pad”, seen below:

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Step 12: Pad Template is one of the more diverse and powerful commands in SurvCADD CES. We will use it here to make a simple cut and fill slope from our road “pad”. We will go 0.5:1 in cut, but 1:1 in fill. You might think a 2:1 in fill is better, but remember, our hillside edge of road (the original edge) follows very closely to the hill itself, as designed. If it “cantilevers” out a few inches, and the natural slope of the ground is 1.5:1 (which it is!), 2:1 will never catch, and we will create big fill areas. So we will go with 1:1 in fill, and get very tiny, quick “tie-ins” in those few cases where there is any fill at all. Pick Design Pad Template, the top command under Site. A dialog appears. Use the standard entries, as shown below:

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Click Ok. Select the Topo-d.grd file.

Pick the pad polyline: Pick the road â&#x20AC;&#x153;padâ&#x20AC;? Page 2-134 Enter the fill outslope ratio <2.0>: 1

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Lesson 6: Contouring with Break Lines, Stockpile Volumes Step 1: Click the icon for SurvCADD CES and start-up AutoCad/SurvCADD from Windows. Step 2: Once in SurvCADD CES, click Open under the File pulldown menu. Look for the file Mantopo.dwg and click on it. Tip: The first thing you should do is notice the top of the screen. The very top line above all the graphics says: [CRD: MANTOPO] – [Mantopo.dwg]. When SurvCADD CES loads a drawing such as Mantopo.dwg it checks for the existence of a companion file, Mantopo.ini. If Mantopo.crd was the default, active coordinate file when Mantopo.dwg was last saved, then the “ini” file ensures that on the next load of Mantopo.dwg, the file Mantopo.crd is still the active coordinate file. Step 3: Select Triangulate & Contour at the top of the Contour pulldown menu (within the DTM-Contour module). Let’s target contours at a 1-unit interval, and contour the area of points. You will see this dialog:

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Make all settings as shown (typically, these settings are the default). The only likely change is the Contour Interval (middle right), which we will set to 1. Click OK. Select the points and barrier lines to Triangulate. Select objects: Do a bottom right to upper left “crossing” selection by picking just to the left of the small, stockpile contour map, near the bottom of the screen, and then picking the upper left of the screen (capturing all points). Select objects: Enter (for no more) Contours are drawn, but notice the unacceptable “wavy” look around the perimeter—an area which is meant to be a ditch.

Type in U for “Undo” and press Enter until the new contours (at left) disappear and you are back at the command prompt.

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Step 4: Field-to-Finish “on-the-fly”. Under the MISC pulldown menu, return to the Cogo-Design module by clicking Cogo & Design Menu. Now under Tools, select Field-to-Finish. When the Field to Finish dialog appears, in the lower left under “Code Table Settings” there is an option, “Select Code Table”. Click it. It leads to a second dialog, shown here: We want to make a new code table, because the coordinate file for the field survey includes special coding (17 and 18) for ditch lines and top of banks. You can “react” to whatever a field crew uses, by making a new field-to-finish table that can “load up” the codes right from whatever descriptions were used in the field. To do this, click Select in the upper right, then choose New (for new file) and you might name it Mantopo, as shown below:

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Click Save, then OK at the previous dialog, and you will return to the main Field to Finish table, completely empty, as shown below:

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Now, â&#x20AC;&#x153;jumpstartâ&#x20AC;? the table by choosing the option, Code Table by CRD (located in the lower left of the dialog). Choose Append.

In this Lesson, we only care about code 17 and 18, so highlight all the others (by holding the CTRL key down and picking them), then choose Cut.

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Now highlight both 17 and 18, and pick the middle Entity button. We will turn them both into 3D polylines (which will act as break lines or â&#x20AC;&#x153;barrierâ&#x20AC;? lines for contouring).

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The last steps are to Save the Field-to-Finish (fld) file Mantopo by clicking the Save button. Then click Draw Lines only (lower right) to draw the 3D polylines.

The following drawing is obtained. All the ditch lines and top of bank lines, because they were coded 17 and 18, are drawn in one quick procedure. Step 5: Because the field crew did not user “start” and “stop” logic (eg. appending –7 or some agreed upon code to a description could “end” a polyline and start another), some Tutorial - Contouring/Volumes

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polylines connect that shouldn’t. In particular, the line pointed to near the NW corner is clearly crossing the ditch line. It must be removed. Choose the Edit pulldown, then Polyline Utilities, then Remove Polyline Segment. Break polyline at removal or keep continuous [<Break>/Continuous]? Select polyline segment to remove: Select the polyline segment to remove. Select polyline segment to remove: Enter (for no more) Step 6: Return to the DTM-Contour Menu by picking it under MISC. Select Triangulate & Contour, under Contour, and set the standard contour interval to 1 (as before), but specify “Draw Index Contours”. When the Index Contour dialog appears, set the index interval to 5. Then do a right-to-left crossing selection as before (avoiding the stockpile at the lower right). Now we get excellent contours, with a sharply defined ditch. Under View, do Freeze Layer and pick on a point. The points will freeze. Here is the “improved” drawing, helped out by 3D polylines, which, if selected, act as break lines, which were produced by Field-to-Finish.

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Step 7: Delete Layer. Let’s say that now you don’t want the break lines on there. You don’t want to even freeze them, you want to fully delete them. There is a command for that under Edit. Pick Erase, sliding over to Delete Layer. This dialog appears.

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If you know the layer names, you can just type them in. If you know where they are but not their names, then click on Select layers from Screen. If you’d recognize the layer name if you saw it in a list, click Select Layers by Name. Step 8: Explode. Inserted Drawings need to be exploded. Do a View pulldown, option Window and window in on the stockpile at the lower right of the drawing. If you type E to Erase and try to erase any aspect of the stockpile, the whole stockpile will erase—all features. That is because the Stockpile was another drawing inserted into this drawing. Sometimes other drawings that are inserted are referred to as “Blocks”. In any case, this stockpile “block” or “inserted drawing” needs to be “exploded”. Explode just breaks it up into its unit objects—which then start to behave normally. Select Explode under Edit and slide over to Standard Explode. Then pick the stockpile. It is now a set of “normal” objects. Step 9: Change Elevations. Let’s assume our stockpile drawing is “too high” and should be lowered in elevations by 540 units. To best see the effect of this command, bring back the points by selecting Thaw Layer under View. Now select the Edit pulldown, then Change, then Elevations. Ignore zero elevations [<Yes>/No]? [A]bsolute or [D]ifferential Change <Absolute>: d Positive number increases, negative number decreases elevation. Scale/Elevation difference <0.00>: -540 Select objects: Do a lower right pick to upper left pick (automatic crossing) selection. Page 2-144

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Select objects: Enter (for no more) Notice in the drawing below how everything has change elevation, including the points, but with the exception of the contour text.

Do the command List Elevation under the Contour pulldown, pick on an index contour, and notice how the elevation has indeed changed. Repeat step 7 and delete the layer Ctext, so as to remove the 5 index contour elevations, which are no longer accurate. Step 10: Volumes by Layer. One of the “signature” commands of SurvCADD CES, Volumes by Layer will produce accurate volumes without making any files. The only prerequisite is that the existing and final surfaces exist on the drawing in separate, distinct layers. It is also very important to have a drawn “inclusion” perimeter to pick and define “where” the volumes are being calculated. In our example, the “original” ground will be the 3D polyline connecting points 1 through 15, and everything else above will be the “final” ground (including the 3D perimeter itself). Tutorial - Contouring/Volumes

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Select Volumes by Layers under the DTM pulldown menu. Pick Lower Left limit of surface area: Pick below and to the left of the stockpile, but as close as possible to the stockpile without “clipping” it in the window. You want to totally “include” it, but with little “wasted” margin. Pick Upper Right limit of surface area: Pick above and to the right of the stockpile. A dialog appears:

We will stick with the defaults, as shown. Notice that we are using 50 “grid cells” within our window, and since our window was not a perfect square, the cell size is 6.4 x 5.1. Seeing this, if we wanted 5 x 5 cell size, we could click the “Dimensions of a Cell” option and set the size to 5 x 5. Hundreds or thousands of cells in both directions will increase calculation time. You can experiment with more cells, or if you prefer, “smaller” cells (which makes more cells), and see when you get diminishing returns in terms of accuracy changes. After a while, tighter, smaller cell sizes don’t add any value to the precision of the calculation. Click Ok. Then pick the layers that define the existing ground (Perimeter) and the layers that define the final ground (Perimeter, Barrier, Ctr, Ctrindex).

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Then click Ok. Notice how the Perimeter layer is common to both. If you want to be a master of volumes, remember this as a mantra: The perimeter should be a 3D polyline in a distinct layer, common to both surfaces. A stockpile is just a special case in that sometimes the 3D perimeter is all you “know” about the base surface. Then when asked to Select objects, do a right-to-left (crossing) selection of the entire stockpile area. Lastly, you will be asked for the inclusion perimeter (pick the perimeter) and the exclusion perimeter (none). This leads to a flexible reporting and output dialog:

Elevation Zone Volumes, for example, would produce volumes in any desired increment from the base of the stockpile going up. If the stockpile consists of coal (80 lbs/c.f.), then Report Tons can be clicked on and a Density value entered. Click OK and the basic report is produced, as seen below. We didn’t include the points in the “final” layer. Since there is a high point, for example, the top of the stockpile, the points would “lift” the volumes up slightly, to around 46,700 c.y. Click the Exit icon to return to the command prompt.

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Step 11: Stockpile Volumes. Our Stockpile is naturally well-suited for applying the simplest volume command of all—Stockpile Volumes. It requires that the 3D perimeter polyline for the stockpile be placed in a layer called “Perimeter”—which ours is. So lets try it. Select Calculate Stockpile Volume found under the Site pulldown menu. Material density lbs/ft^3 (Enter for none): 80 Ignore zero elevations [<Yes>/No]? Reading points ... Select stockpile entities and perimeter. Just crossing select (right-to-left picks) the entire stockpile area. The grid resolution dialog (eg. 50x50) appears again. Click Ok. Done. A report is generated.

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Lesson 7: Basic Road Design with Volumes Step 1: 2D to 3D polyline by surface model (Drape). This step will “Drape” a polyline to the surface contours. It is necessary to do this so that the extreme lows and highs of the terrain are perfectly represented in the section and profile files. A TIN file can also generate an accurate representation of the surface, but we will use the draped polyline. Flat spots will occur where the contours don’t extrapoloate up or down far enough to get to the next contour. The first step is to draw a 2D polyline at elevation zero in the drainages and on the ridges as shown.

Now go to the DTM Menu and under 3Dpoly, run 2D to 3D by Surface Model, select the lines, and then select the contours for the elevations to use. They are now 3D polylines used as a type of breakline, and will give a better model for the surface topography. Step 2: Profile from Surface Entities. Now we will make a profile file, *.pro. This will be from the centerline shown in the drawing as the lines with the curve. Under the Sections/Profiles menu, go to Profile from Surface Entities under Profile. Choose Profile, this will create a new file. Type in a file name, hit enter on the first window, we will use these defaults. Pick the centerline, and without hitting enter, select all of the contours. Step 3: Draw Profile. This will give us a profile view of the contours at our centerline. Under Profile, go down to Draw Profile and open our new file. The window will appear as shown and fill it out accordingly. Page 2-150

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With the horizontal scale set to 50 and the vertical scale set to 5, there will be a 10X vertical exaggeration of the profile. Pick a spot in the drawing to draw it, accept the top and bottom elevations it gives, and view the profile on the grid.

Step 4: Design Road Profile. Now we will design how the road centerline profile will be in relation to the existing ground (which is the first profile we have made). This routine will create another Profile file. Under Profile, go to Design Road Profile. Notice in the first window, it has found the correct elevations and scales. Choose to write an new file, and call it something like “design,” the previous one was “existing.” Pick the lower left grid corner, mine was 0,1990. Now notice the window in the upper left corner that shows various distances, slopes and stations. The first point to pick is usually at the left endpoint of the existing ground line. That will give us a tie to the surface there. Tutorial - Road Design

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Profile Settings are automatically brought in.

First Pick, Station 0.00

Real-time window to view distances and slopes.

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Third Station Point Selected After the third point is selected, the program will prompt for a vertical curve, sight distance, or K-value. View Table will bring up a table of possible values. This example used a curve of 500. Enter that, then pick another point. This will be the fourth and last point, tying into the other endpoint on the right. Enter in another curve length of 500, and hit enter to end. The following window will appear for labeling options. Hit OK, and place the labels on the top of the grid.

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the simplest variation, which is simply picking a polyline. There are other methods to design a centerline, and they are documented in the manual. Go to Polyline to Centerline File under Design, and choose a *.cl file to create. Beginning Station <0+00>: Polyline should have been drawn in direction of increasing stations. Select polyline that represents centerline. PICK THE CENTERLINE ON THE DRAWING Station North(y) East(x) Description ———————————————————————————— 0.0000 159391.2547 1857653.0220 LI 201.9482 159486.3382 1857831.1855 PC 1111.8461 159267.8153 1858626.9059 PT LI Radius: 600.0000 Length: 909.8978 Delta: 86.5319 Curve Right 2645.3440 157956.1081 1859421.2862 LI Press ENTER to continue. Your Command Line should have the same values as these, as they are from the same line. Step 6: Input-Edit Section Alignment. Now we will layout the alignment for our cross-section file. This step gives the section interval and offset left and right from our centerline. Under Sections, go to Input-Edit Section Alignment. This will bring up the dialog to make a new MXS file (multi-xsection file), type in a new name. Notice how all files can have the same name in this road design portion, as they all have a unique file extension. So for the organization of various jobs, it is sometimes helpful to have all of the files with the same name. You are now prompted to pick the line, and enter in a starting station, choose 0+00. The dialog will appear as shown, enter in the stations and offsets exactly as they appear here. This will give the needed detail for the road design routine.

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Hit OK, and another window appears that allows for any station editing or changes. It all looks good here, so hit Save. The Alignment file is now written.

There is now a preview of the section alignment lines shown on the centerline. These are just images, if the drawing is regenerated, they will disappear. (They can be drawn permanently if desired). Step 7: Sections from Surface Entities. Next, we will create the actual section file (*.SCT) from the contours in combination with the alignment file (*.MXS). Under Sections, go to Sections from Surface Entities. We will use the contours and breaklines for surface elevations, as we did with generating the profile. Tutorial - Road Design

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Select the MXS file to read for the alignment, and choose a new file name for the section file. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll enter in a distance of 1000 feet to add to our MXS limit of 70. This will search farther for contour elevations, then hit OK. Now, select the surface entities which are the contours and the breaklines. Once you are back to the Command: line prompt, you are done with the making of sections.

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Step 8: Design Template. Let’s design a wide boulevard, 30’ of drivable pavement, with curb and gutter on the outside. Whenever a cut is within rock, the cut slope will go from a typical 2:1 to 0.5:1. At the top of rock, the cut will continue on at 2:1. In fill, the condition will be 3:1in all fill under 6’ and 2:1 in all fill over 6’ in depth. Pavement depths will be 8” of stone and 4” of asphalt. First, Select Design Template under Design within the Section-Profile module of SurvCADD CES. Click on New File. We’ll call it the same name as the drawing.

Click Save. A dialog appears where you enter segments of the template, which work outwards from the middle as the add more lanes, curbs and shoulders. We will enter a symmetrical template, with 13.5’ pavement sections either side of centerline, connecting to a 2’ curb and gutter, with 18” of gutter and 6” of curb. Then we’ll add a 6’ shoulder.

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For the lanes, click the Grades Icon. This leads to a “child” dialog as shown below:

Fill out as shown. Its important to note that a downhill pavement from a “crown” in the middle is entered as a negative slope. That is, it is –2% heading from centerline outward, regardless of which side of centerline we are speaking of. Slope is in reference to the centerline of the template and is independent of the profile grade point. It is also important to enter an ID whenever requested. ID’s can be referenced later. A break point in a shoulder in superelevation could be defined as occurring at EP+3, as opposed to the exact offset distance from centerline. The advantage of EP+3 is that if the road lane width expands (eg. for a passing lane), but the shoulder always breaks 3 feet beyond edge of pavement, then EP+3 is the only effective way to reference the break point. Now click OK. You’ll note that the lanes draw in the little preview window. Next, we will add a curb. Click the curb icon. Fill out as shown below. It is especially a good idea to “match crown”, to make the curb match the slope of the last pavement lane (2% above). But if your curb tilts downward more (like 3%), then use a Special Base Slope Type. If its flat, by all means click on Flat Base. For practice, fill out as shown below:

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Now click OK. Hereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s what our screen looks like so far:

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Next up, we will add a shoulder, going uphill at 4% for 8’. Notice what is happening. You are “lit up” on the Curb line, so if you add another Grade, it will append after the curb—add to the back of curb. If you were to click on the GRADE: 13.500, -2.000%, EP line, highlight it, then click on GRADES, you would add a second lane before the curb. Now click on GRADES. Fill out the dialog as shown:

That’s it for the surface! Now we have subgrades and outslopes still to consider. Let’s turn our attention to subgrades. Let’s think about this: if our pavement is a total of 12” deep (8” stone, 4” asphalt) and our concrete gutter is 6” deep, then the stone will run 6” deep under the gutter. Do we want this stone to come back up at the back of the gutter, behind the gutter or Page 2-160

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even “wrap around” back into the gutter, like a layer of bedding that is covered by dirt. The most complex concept is the wrap around, so let’s go for it. Select the Subgrade icon, second from the right (yellow color). We’ll do two subgrades: first asphalt, which will run straight out and “hit” the curb, and the stone, which will run out, go under the curb, and wrap back.

Complete, as shown. For any sub-grade, we still do the vertical offset as a negative distance (negative meaning down). But follow this concept: we start it out 13 feet from offset 0, and keep going “At Slope” until it hits something (the curb). This won’t work if there is nothing to hit. But it will run into the curb, or if there is a fill slope, downhill 6:1 “recovery zone” lane, or something to intersect, it will. This “At Slope” concept works perfectly for shallow asphalts and concretes that will “bump into” a curb, when extended. Now for the stone beneath the asphalt. Tutorial - Road Design

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Follow this: the stone can’t Match Surface—it will start up hill with the shoulder as it passes beyond the curb (it goes out 17’). So it must have a “Special” slope, the same –2% all the way. The “Wrap Height” is the vertical rise at the end of the 17’, before it wraps back and hits the curb. Fill out as shown. Note preview screen below:

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We still need to enter the outslope conditions. They are done with Cut and Fill icons. Fill is easy in our example. Click on Fill.

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Just 3 entries total: 3 (for 3:1), 6 (up to 6’), then 2 (for 2:1 over 6’). Next click the icon for Cut.

This was actually easier (in terms of total entries). Just 2 entries do it: 2 (for 2:1 normal cut) and down below, 0.5 (for 0.5:1 cut when in rock). Now click Save. The template is complete. Let’s prove we have a good template by doing the command Draw Typical Template. Step 9: Draw Typical Template. Select Draw Typical Template under the Design pulldown menu, select Example2 (or as named above), and the following dialog shown here is displayed:

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Go straight to Draw. We have doubled the text scaler to 0.5 for better appearance in a manual, due to the need to reduce the scale. Here is the “look” of the plotted template.

Step 10: Drawing Explorer. As more files are made edited, loaded and reviewed, with a work session, the drawing “ini” file takes note. You can review your active files as you work, or days later, because they save to the “ini” file that shares the same name as the drawing file. To see a few of our files, select Drawing Explorer, sliding over from Project, under File. Tutorial - Road Design

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Step 11: Input-Edit Section File. Input-Edit Section File has many uses, but one is to translate or “lower” the elevations of a file and re-save. If we lower the elevations of our ground sections 8 feet, we can call that the “rock” line. Rock lines react with templates and profiles to create rock cuts and rock quantities, within the final step, Process Road Design. Select Input-Edit Section File under the Section pulldown menu.

Select Existing.

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Select Example2b and open it The next dialog that appears is shown below:

Here you click the Translate button and fill out the resulting dialog as shown: Tutorial - Road Design

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Now back at the dialog at left, click Save File, but save to a different name, as in Rock. Input-Edit Section can do much more through the Edit option. In the case of Edit, you would first highlight one station, then click Edit to review and revise it. Step 12: Process Road Design. This is the routine that weaves everything together. Select Process Road Design, as the lower command under the Design pulldown in the Section-Profile module. Fill out the dialog as shown below:

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On the next dialog, click on Triangulate & Contour at the lower right of the dialog.

Now click Ok. Here is the final report, with itemized quantities:

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And the graphic, in 3D.

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LESSON 8: HYDROLOGY – Watershed Analysis and Storm Routing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Slope Report Runoff Tracking 3D Poly Flow Values Rainfall Frequency & Amount Sub-Watersheds by Land Use Curve Numbers/Runoff Time of Concentration Peak Flow Detention Pond Sizing Design Valley Pond Pond Weir Spillway Design Stage Storage Curve Drop Pipe Spillway Design Channel Design – Mannings Draw Flow Polylines Hydrograph Development Draw Hydrograph Locate Structures

Lesson 8: Hydrology – Watershed Analysis and Storm Routing This lesson will step through some of the more common Hydrology Module routines and design structures based on the analysis of the watershed. The drawing file “HydroLesson.dwg” is a nice example to show the features of the Hydrology Module. A surface topography grid file is needed for these routines, and is supplied also. After opening up the drawing, take a look around at the various layers and even move to the 3D view window to see the change of elevations in the surface. There are two main drainages that we will be looking at: Drainage 1 and Drainage 2. The others in this region will be ignored, as they do not drain to the same area we are looking at, the north central low spot. There are routines for finding these watersheds based on grid or TIN files, but this drawing has the closed polylines already generated. We will walk through some of the steps to gather the slope and area information.

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Drainage 2 Drainage 1

Step 1: Slope Report. Go to the DTM pulldown in the Hydrology Module and choose Slope Report. This will prompt for File or Screen, Choose File, we have the Topography.grd file to analyze. We will run this routine twice, once for each watershed. When prompted for the inclusion line, select the closed perimeter line that runs around Drainage 1. The report window will appear, and this can be saved to a file, or placed on screen as AutoCAD text. In this example, we will place all reports on screen for quick review, but you can save it to a file if needed. Shown in the following figure are the reports of the two drainages, I have my AutoCAD text style set to bold Arial, as explained in Lesson 2.

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Slope Report - Drainage 1 08/17/2000 09:31 Processing GRiD file: C:\Drawings\HydroLesson\Topography.grd Lower left grid corner : 540000.00,156950.00 Upper right grid corner: 545200.00,160950.00 X grid resolution: 52, Y grid resolution: 40 X grid cell size: 100.00, Y grid cell size: 100.00 Horizontal Area: 5755781.250 sq ft, 132.135 acres Slope Area: 6202655.245 sq ft, 142.393 acres Average Elevation: 1325.247 Average Slope: 33.115 Slope Report - Drainage 2 08/17/2000 09:32 Processing GRiD file: C:\Drawings\HydroLesson\Topography.grd Lower left grid corner : 540000.00,156950.00 Upper right grid corner: 545200.00,160950.00 X grid resolution: 52, Y grid resolution: 40 X grid cell size: 100.00, Y grid cell size: 100.00 Horizontal Area: 7105234.375 sq ft, 163.114 acres Slope Area: 7666939.835 sq ft, 176.009 acres Average Elevation: 1305.344 Average Slope: 34.862

Notice that the watersheds are similar in size and have approximately the same average slope. Step 2: Runoff Tracking. This is a fun routine that will draw a 3D polyline running â&#x20AC;&#x153;downhillâ&#x20AC;? in the path that a storm event would. It is useful to fine-tune a watershed boundary. If you pick near the boundary line, you can see which direction the water will flow. Shown is an example of the drawing with the runoff tracking lines falling within their respective watersheds. There might be a little overlap in certain areas where the grid cells are horizontally flat.

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Drainage 2 Drainage 1

Step 3: 3D Polyline Flow Values. This is a step to see what the longest flow line data is within the watersheds. It will create a nice report showing the slopes and vertical drop. The red 3D polylines in the drawing were created (with runoff tracking and some editing) to represent the longest flow line. This routine reports out the values of the polylines selected. Go to the Watershed pulldown to 3D Polyline Flow Values. The report can be saved for future reference, but also be aware that when you will need to enter in this data, there is a button on the dialog to simply pick the red polylines on screen.

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Step 4: Rainfall Frequency and Amount. This routine will look up rainfall depths based on what storm type and duration is being analyzed. Under Watershed, go to Rainfall Frequency and Amount. We will do the 25 year, 24 hour storm. Let’s assume the area is somewhere in South Dakota, and so we will use the value of 3.52 inches. For customizing this table to suit your needs, there is the user-defined portion in the lower left corner, if you have specific values you always use, they can be entered here for quick retrieval.

Step 5: Sub-Watersheds by Land Use. This is another way to “break up” the watersheds based on land use, or varied surface features. We will break up our watersheds into two types of land use. The steep slopes will be treed, and the top flats will be vegetated with grasses. Go to Sub Watersheds by Land Use under the Watershed pulldown. The routine will then ask for the watershed boundary, and the two closed polylines that make up the two different areas. Pick the lines as prompted. The two lines are drawn in layer “pillars” so the program knows how to identify them.

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Drainage 2 Drainage 1

Step 6: Curve Numbers and Runoff. This is an easy step to get the runoff and volume of the storm based on the CN and acreage. We will do a â&#x20AC;&#x153;weightedâ&#x20AC;? curve number representing out two land use types. We will run this twice, once for each watershed. Go to Calculate Curve Numbers (CN) under the Watershed pulldown. First off, Select Areas, and pick the two lines inside Watershed 1. They will have two different CN, based on the type of land. The area is brought in automatically, and the CN will have to be typed in, or looked up on the table. After the CN numbers and the areas are in, hit Calc Runoff and the runoff and volume will appear at the bottom. These can be saved in a report, or simply written down for future reference.

Drainage 1

Drainage 2

Step 7: Time of Concentration (SCS). This is a quick step necessary for ultimately getting the Peak Flow. Under Watershed, go to Time of Concentration. We will Tutorial - Hydrology

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use the SCS method, and the window will look as follows. The CN number should have been brought in from the last routine, but we will have to “Select Flow Line from Screen”. This will allow for picking the red flow line from the map. This routine will also be executed twice to calculate the TC for both drainages.

Drainage 1

Drainage 2

Step 8: Peak Flow (Graphical). Now to see what the peak flow will be in each drainage, based on the previous seven steps. The drainage area of the last watershed calculated should appear in the Area window, if not then simply type it in . The Rainfall depth, frequency, CN, and TC also should be there. All we have to do is hit “Calculate” and the peak discharge appears at the bottom in CFS (cubic feet per second). This routine should be run twice, once for each drainage. Notice all of these routines have a “Report” button to keep a running log of all the calculated data.

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Drainage 1

Drainage 2

Step 9: Detention Pond Sizing. Now we need to see how large the ponds need to be to detain this size of a storm event. Under Structure, go to Detention Pond Sizing. The Peak Inflow Discharge from the last area calculated will appear as well as the area. In this example, we will allow for a combined maximum10 cfs to be discharged from the ponds. This means that 5 cfs from each will be our Desired Peak Outflow. Type that in. Hit Calculate, and the Runoff Volume and the Storage Volume will appear at the bottom of the window. In pond number one, we need to store 6.68 acre feet of water. In pond number two, we will need 5.39 acre feet of storage. So now we have a starting point, and can now create the pond in 3D with these sizes.

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Drainage 1

Drainage 2

Step 10: Design Valley Pond. We know approximately where we want the two ponds, and have the “dam polylines drawn in the drawing already. They are in the “top-of-dam” layer. If it is frozen then thaw it out now. We will run “Design Valley Pond” under the Structure pulldown. For pond number one (corresponding to drainage 1), the values to enter at each prompt are: Command: vpond Source of surface model [File/<Screen>]? Choose Screen Pick Lower Left limit of pond disturbed area <541884.0,158364.0>: Window the area, being generous to include all the affected surface contours. Choose a grid cell size of about 25’x25’ Pick the top of dam polyline: Pick it Reading points ... 4754 Pick a point within the pond: Pick a point upstream from the top of dam polyline Enter slopes as percent grade or slope ratio [Percent/<Ratio>]? We’ll use Ratio Enter the outslope ratio <2.0>:2 Enter the interior slope ratio <2.0>:2 Enter the top of dam width <10.0>: 25 Range of existing elevations along dam top: 1082.10 to 1171.87 (these are what it found) Enter the top of dam elevation: 1117 Cut pond interior [Yes/<No>]? N Calculate stage-storage values [<Yes>/No]? Y Page 2-180

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Method to specify storage elevations [<Automatic>/Interval/Manual]? Interval Starting elevation <1078.16>: 1078 Elevation interval <2.00>:2.0 Output grid file of final pond surface [Yes/<No>]? N Write stage-storage to SEDCAD file [Yes/<No>]? Yes, this will be a *.CAP file (name it pond 1) Adjust parameters and redesign pond [Yes/<No>]? N Trim existing contours inside pond perimeter [Yes/<No>]? N Contour the pond [<Yes>/No]? N. You should now have a pond that looks like the one on the left in the following drawing. Repeat the routine for pond two, using a top of dam elevation of 1090, and starting at a low of 1064.

Step 11: Pond Weir Spillway Design. Now letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s see what the spillway will need to be for the storage calculated. We will allow 5 cfs of discharge, so what will be the elevations of the spillway? Under Structure, go to Pond Weir Spillway Design. That will bring up the following window.

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Pond 1

Pond 2

The C-factor we will use is about .3. We will allow up to 5 cfs discharge. This will calculate the depth of the weir (if that is what we use, we’ll use a drop pipe in 1, and a channel in 2) with the equation shown at the top of the window. Our required storage volume is 6.68 acre feet for pond one (5.4 for pond two). Hit the “Apply to Actual Pond” and choose the Pond 1.cap file. This should give the two elevations shown in the dialog: 1108.1 for top of pool, and 1105.78 for bottom of spillway. This will be our principle spillway, our emergency spillway will just be assumed to be 1.5 feet higher.

Step 12: Draw Stage-Storage Curve. Now that we have the spillway elevations and a capacity file (*.CAP) for each pond, let’s draw the Stage Storage/Area Curve Graphs to get a graphic of the curves with values to follow. Under Structure, go to Draw StageStorage Curve. Here are the prompts to answer: Command: stage Name of Pond <Sediment Control Structure No. 1>: ENTER Permit Application Number (eg. 898-5252):ENTER Permit Item Number (eg. 30.3):ENTER Page Number <1>:ENTER (F)ile Input or Known (A)rea, Length/Width (D)imensions or <V>olume: F, SELECT POND 1.CAP Page 2-182

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Calculate Storage or Elevation Points (y/<n>): N Elevation of Top of Structure <1117.0000 >: ENTER Elevation of Emergency Spillway <1086.0>: 1109.5 Elevation of Principal Spillway (Enter if same): 1108 Elevation of Clean Out Level <1066.0>: 1080 Is Above Data OK (<y>/n): Y Calculate Permanent Pool Elevation (Principal Spillway Ac.Ft.-Runoff Ac.Ft.) y/<n>? N Range of Elevation: 37.0 Desired Elevation Grid Interval: 5 Total Storage Range in Ac.Ft.: 16.981 Desired Storage Grid Interval: 3 Pick Starting Position: PICK A SPOT IN THE OPEN DRAWING Enter Scale of Drawing <1.0>: 50 Text for Horiz. Scale <ACCUMULATIVE STORAGE (ac-ft)>:ENTER Text for Vert. Scale <ELEVATION MSL>:ENTER Draw stage-area curve also? (y/<n>): Y Title of Plot <STAGE STORAGE-AREA CURVES>:ENTER Data Title <STORAGE VOLUME COMPUTATIONS>:ENTER Skip every 2nd table entry (y/<n>): Y (C)ertification, (B)usiness Address or <E>xit: EXIT Do the same for Pond two with the other elevations from the spillway and top of dam calculated above, and choose to put this on page 2. Your graphs should look like the two pictured.

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STAGE STORAGE-AREA CURVES Sediment Control Structure No. 1 0.52 1.04

11200.00

STAGE STORAGE-AREA CURVES Sediment Control Structure No. 2

1.56

10900.00

0.56

1.12 AREA (ac.)

AREA (ac.)

1.68 TO P OF STRUCTU RE (1090.00)

TO P OF STRUCTU RE (1117.00)

1115

1085 EMERGE NCY S PILLWAY ( 1109.50) PRI NCIPAL SPI LLWAY (1108.00)

ELEVATION (MSL)

1110 1105 1100 1095

EMERGE NCY S PILLWAY (1083.00) PRIN CI PAL SPI LLWAY ( 1081.61)

1080

1075

1090 1070

CLEAN OU T LEVEL (1070.00)

1085 1065

1080 0.00

6.00

12.00

18.00

0.00

6.00

ST ORAG E VOLUME COM PUTATI ONS

WIDTH (ft)

LE NGTH ( ft)

AREA ( ac)

AVG . ARE A

IN TERVAL ( ft)

Sediment Control Structure N o. 2 S TORAGE ( ac-f t)

(ac) 1080.00 1082.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

0.0000 0.0000

1084.00

N /A

N/ A

0.0022

1086.00 1088.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

0.0149 0.0402

1090.00 1092.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

0.0760 0.1179

1094.00 1096.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

0.1699 0.2198

1098.00 1100.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

0.2844 0.3627

1102.00 1104.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

0.4508 0.5449

1106.00 1108.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

0.6576 0.7883

1109.50 1111.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

0.8918 1.0071

1113.00 1115.00

N /A N /A

N/ A N/ A

1.1800 1.3633

1117.00

N /A

N/ A

1.5308

ACC. ST AG E ST ORAGE INT ERVAL ( ac-ft)

2.00

0.0000

0.0011

2.00

0.0011 0.0086

2.00 2.00

0.0022 0.0171

0.0044 0.0215

4.00 6.00

0.0276 0.0581

2.00 2.00

0.0551 0.1162

0.0765 0.1927

8.00 10.00

0.0970

2.00

0.1939

0.3867

12.00

0.1439 0.1949

2.00 2.00

0.2878 0.3897

0.6745 1.0641

14.00 16.00

0.2521 0.3236

2.00 2.00

0.5042 0.6471

1.5683 2.2154

18.00 20.00

0.4068 0.4979

2.00 2.00

0.8135 0.9957

3.0288 4.0245

22.00 24.00

0.6013 0.7230

2.00 2.00

1.2025 1.4459

5.2269 6.6729

26.00 28.00

0.8400 0.9495

1.50 1.50

1.2601 1.4242

7.9329 9.3542

29.50 31.00

1.0936 1.2717

2.00 2.00

2.1871 2.5433

11.5356 14.0795

33.00 35.00

1.4927

1.00

1.4927

16.9810

37.00

Drainage 1

E LE V.

WI DT H

LENG TH

AREA

(f t)

(ft)

1066.00 1068.00

N/A N/A

N /A N /A

0.0005 0.0049

(ac)

1070.00 1072.00

N/A N/A

N /A N /A

0.0344 0.1047

1074.00 1076.00

N/A N/A

N /A N /A

0.2234 0.4329

1078.00 1080.00

N/A N/A

N /A N /A

0.6356 0.8989

1081.61 1082.00

N/A N/A

N /A N /A

1.0814 1.1256

1083.00 1084.00

N/A N/A

N /A N /A

1.2320 1.3383

1086.00 1088.00

N/A N/A

N /A N /A

1.5574 1.7628

1090.00

N/A

N /A

1.9311

( ft)

0.0000

18.00

S TORAGE VOLUME CO MPUT ATION S

S ediment Control S tructure No. 1 ELEV. ( ft)

12.00

ACCUMULATIVE STORAGE (ac-ft)

AVG. AREA

I NTE RVAL (f t)

STORAGE (ac-f t)

( ac)

ACC.

S TAGE

STORAGE I NTERVAL (ac-f t)

(ft)

0.0027

2.00

0.0054

2.00

0.0197 0.0696

2.00 2.00

0.0393 0.1391

0.0447 0.1838

4.00 6.00

0.1641 0.3282

2.00 2.00

0.3281 0.6563

0.5119 1.1682

8.00 10.00

0.5343 0.7673

2.00 2.00

1.0685 1.5345

2.2367 3.7712

12.00 14.00

0.9901 1.1035

1.61 0.39

1.5941 0.4304

5.3653 5.7957

1.1788 1.2851

1.00 1.00

1.1788 1.2851

6.9745 8.2596

17.00 18.00

1.4479 1.6601

2.00 2.00

2.8957 3.3202

11.1553 14.4755

20.00 22.00

1.8470

2.00

3.6939

18.1694

24.00

15.61 16.00

Drainage 2

Step 13: Drop Pipe Spillway Design. This will give us a stage discharge file that we will add to our structure in the routine of the storm through our ponds. We will only do this in pond 1. Pond 2 will have a channel, which will create a different stage discharge file. Go to the Structure pull down to Drop Pipe Spillway Design. We will design one for the flow we need. Enter in the values shown in the window and hit calculate to get near the 5 cfs discharge we are looking for. Hit File to create the discharge file for pond 1.

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Step 14: Channel Design â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Mannings NonErodable . This will generate the other stage discharge file for pond 2. Enter in the parameters shown, and create the second STG file, this one for pond two. It will calculate the depth and the velocity base on our dimensions entered. Enter a depth of 9 and a base elevation of 1081.61 for the bottom.

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422

1 2. 36 ) 54 80 57 (0.

098 7. 73 (0. 7 68)

Step 15: Draw Flow Polylines. Now we will look at creating a â&#x20AC;&#x153;skeleton structureâ&#x20AC;? of our flow lines with these structures place on them. We will first produce a hydrograph of the two drainages without the ponds, then add the ponds to the flow polylines and regenerate the hydrographs. We hope to reduce the discharge to a much smaller amount, but over a longer period of time. Under Watershed, go to Draw Flow Polylines. This will let us pick a point, from high to low. As seen in the diagram, pick from NW to SE. Enter in the three parameters for drainage 1.

When asked to draw another, select yes and join it with the first at the bottom right corner, near the endpoint. This will place the text on them and allow for the next step. Step 16: Hydrograph Development. This routine will run the TR-20 program and generate a hydrograph file that we can draw on screen. Under Watershed, go to Hydrograph Development and select the two Flow Polylines and the text associated with each one. The routine will run the TR-20 and give a report, part of which is Page 2-186

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shown below. There are now some hydrograph files created in the data directory that we can draw in the next step.

Step 17: Draw Hydrograph. Under the Watershed pulldown, go to Draw Hydrograph and select the ADD.h1. This is the file of both drainages combined. The scales to be used should be about 1,1,1,0.5,5,5 and we will draw the grid on the first one, and turn off grid for additional hydrographs. Choose starting time of 0, and an ending time of 80 (the next one will go that long). Tutorial - Hydrology

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Step 18: Locate Structures. This command will place a symbol on our flow lines to representing the ponds and spillways. This will create a small triangle at the end of each flow line where they were picked. Hit the file button twice., once to pick the CAP file and again to pick the STG file. You will have to change the file of type window to see the STG file. After you hit OK, it is now ready to run Hydrograph Development again to generate the new hydrographs.

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422 098 7. 73 (0.6 7 8)

1 2. 36 ) 54 80 57 (0. 71

Now run Hydrograph development and select the flow lines plus the symbols. This will create the new hydrograph as shown below. It has a much smaller peak, but a longer time for the event. It does stay within our maximum outflow parameters. That is the conclusion of the Hydrology Tutorial.

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