Exam review answers 2015 by Michael Papadimitriou

Francis Libermann Catholic High School Science Department

Grade 11 University Chemistry SCH 3U1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Exam Review Answers

name:

date:

Grade 11 University Chemistry – Exam Review Unit 1: Matter & Chemical Bonding Significant Digits & Rounding 1. Identify how many significant digits are in the following numbers. 1205

_________________

600 000

_________________

0.0003

_________________

600 001

_________________

78.0

_________________

0.00800

_________________

4.0×10–3

_________________

9.000

_________________

2. Convert the following values to show the correct number of significant digits stated. 400

Round to 3 significant digits

_________________

2 589

Round to 3 significant digits

_________________

1 900 000

Round to 1 significant digit

_________________

0.0399

Round to 2 significant digits

_________________

3. Calculate the following in accordance to the rules applied by the question. Questions with the *, answers must be kept in scientific notation. a.) 5.2×6.14

b.)

(4×105)(3.7×10–7)*

d.) (3.9×103)÷(8.3×10–8)*

e.) 10.8 – 3.5 × 2.49

c.) 545.0 + 7.29 – 30

f.) 10.5 – 8.5 + 17.3 – 2.3

4. Identify if a physical or chemical change is taking place. a.) _____ glass breaking

j.) _____ mixing salt and water

b.) _____ hammering wood together

k.) _____ mixing oil and water

c.) _____ a rusting bicycle

l.) _____ water evaporating

d.) _____ melting butter

m.) _____ cutting grass

e.) _____ separate sand from gravel

n.) _____ burning leaves

f.) _____ bleaching your hair

o.) _____ fireworks exploding

g.) _____ frying an egg

p.) _____ cutting your hair

h.) _____ squeeze oranges for juice

q.) _____ crushing a can

i.) _____ melting ice

r.) _____ boiling water FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry Unit – Exam Review – Science Department 1

name:

date:

5. Classify each of the following as an element (E), compound (C), solution (S), mechanical mixture (M) or an alloy (A) a.) ____ sodium phosphate

b.) ____ xenon

c.) ____ sugar

d.) ____ Gatorade

e.) ____ sugar water

f.) ____ skim milk

g.) ____ beach water

h.) ____ gold

i.) ____ 14kt gold

Understanding the Periodic Table 6. What is the trend in atomic radius: a.) Across a period? Explain.

b.) Down a group? Explain.

7. What is the trend in ionization energy: a.) Across a period? Explain.

b.) Down a group? Explain.

Isotopes & Isotopic Abundance 8. Complete the following table Chemical Symbol

Charge

Number of Electrons

Atomic Number

–3

–1

130

18 FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry Unit – Exam Review – Science Department 2

Neutrons

Mass Number 85

name:

date:

9. Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for each of the following: a.) oxygen – 18

b.)

c.) chlorine – 35

10. Find the average atomic mass of calcium given the following information about its isotopes: Mass (u)

% Abundance

96.97

0.64

0.15

0.18

11. Boron exists as two naturally occurring isotopes, with atomic masses 10.01 u and 11.01 u. Calculate the relative abundance of each isotope.

FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry Unit – Exam Review – Science Department 3

name:

date:

Covalent Bonding 12. For each of the following: i.

Determine whether the bonding is ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent

ii.

Draw an electron dot diagram to illustrate the bonding

iii.

Draw a structural formula with polarity for the covalently bonded molecules only.

a.) NH3

b.) Na2O

c.) MgS

d.) CCl4

e.) PF3

f.) CS2

g.) CaI2

h.) K2S

FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry Unit â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Exam Review â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Science Department 4

name:

date:

i.) OCl2

j.) C3H8

k.) CHBr3

l.) H2S

Electron Configuration 13. Write out the simplified electron configuration of the following atoms/ions a.) Oxide ion

b.) Silver

c.) Terbium

d.) Xenon

14. Draw Lewis dot diagrams for the following atoms/ions a.) Sulfide ion

b.) Boron

FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry Unit – Exam Review – Science Department 5

c.) Silicon

name:

date:

VSEPR Theory 15. Draw Lewis dot structures for the following compounds and state their shape. a.) ammonium ion

b.) BF3

Shape: ________________________________

c.) carbon dioxide

d.) sulfur hexafluoride

Shape: ________________________________

e.) sulfate ion

f.) phosphorus pentachloride

Shape: ________________________________

FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry Unit – Exam Review – Science Department 6

name:

date:

Nomenclature Elements Most elements on the periodic table are monatomic in their natural state, meaning that they exist as individual atoms. i.e.

helium He(g)

sodium Na(s)

silicon Si(s)

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and the halogens (Group VII) are diatomic elements, meaning that the molecules of these elements exist as pairs of identical atoms i.e.

Tip:

hydrogen H2(g)

nitrogen N2(g)

oxygen O2(g)

fluorine F2(g)

chlorine Cl2(g)

bromine Br2(g)

iodine I2(g)

In Florida, Brad Never Cleans His Oranges.

Binary Compounds All binary compounds consist of only two different elements. Names of binary compounds end in “-ide”. Some examples of binary compounds are: Sodium chloride – made up of sodium and chlorine – ionic compound Carbon dioxide – made up of carbon and oxygen – covalent compound

Ionic Compounds – aka salts Binary compounds that are composed of a metal and a non-metal are called Ionic Compounds and are named using IUPAC System (created by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) **Generally speaking, elements that lie to the left of the “Aluminum staircase” on the periodic table are metals and those to the right of the “staircase” are non-metals. An important exception is hydrogen, which is a non-metal even though it lies to the left of the “staircase”. a.) Colour the metals RED and the non-metals BLUE. b.) What kind of charge do the metals exhibit? What do we call metal ions?

c.) What kind of charge do the non-metals exhibit? What do we call non-metal ions?

FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry Unit – Exam Review – Science Department 7

name:

date:

i.e. sodium chloride •

sodium is the metal & chloride is the non-metal

To write the formula for an ionic compound follow the following steps • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Identify metal/non-metal Write the symbol Write out the charge as shown on the Periodic Table Cross over the charges from top-to-bottom Remove the charge Simplify the charges that were crossed over and REMOVE any 1’s.

When naming Binary Ionic Compounds, name the metal first and the non-metal second, changing the ending of the non-metal to “-ide” i.e. CaCl2 is called calcium chloride Transition Metals If the metal has more than one possible charge, the actual charge must be shown either using Roman Numerals (Stock System for naming Transition Metals) or using their Latin name (Classic System for naming Transition Metals) with the appropriate ending Stock System – Roman Numerals • I, II, III, IV, V, VI • Roman numeral follows the metal and is enclosed in brackets (i.e. copper (II) chloride) • In the above example the Roman numeral (II) states that we are using the Oxidation number +2 of Copper.

Classic System – Latin Names • Pb – Plumbum (Lead) • Cu – Cuprum (Copper) • Fe – Ferrum (Iron) • Sn – Stannum (Tin) • Au – Aurum (Gold) • If you are using the lower (charge) oxidation number drop the “-um” ending of the Latin name and replace it with “-ous” (i.e. plumbum becomes plumbous if we are using the +2) • If you are using the higher (charge) oxidation number drop the “-um” ending of the Latin name and replace it with “-ic” (i.e. plumbum becomes plumbic if we are using the +4)

Examples: • Cu2O = copper (I) oxide • CuO = copper (II) oxide

Examples: • Cu2O = cuprous oxide • CuO = cupric oxide

• •

FeO = iron (II) oxide Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide

• •

FeO = ferrous oxide Fe2O3 = ferric oxide

****NOTICE: We NEVER, EVER, mix and match Stock and Classic at the same time such as cupric (II) oxide. • THIS IS INCORRECT!!!!!! FRANCIS LIBERMANN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry Unit – Exam Review – Science Department 8

name:

date:

Covalent Compounds Binary compounds that are composed of two different non-metal elements are called Covalent Compounds and are named using the Greek PREFIX method mono = 1 hexa = 6

di = 2 hepta = 7

tri = 3 octa = 8

tetra = 4 nona = 9

penta = 5 deca = 10

i.e. dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4 • Note that an –o– or an –a– at the end of the prefix may be dropped for ease of pronunciation CO2 = carbon dioxide Polyatomic Ions & Polyatomic Variations To help remember a handful of commonly used polyatomic ions, think about the following phrase

Nick the Camel ate a Clam for Supper in Phoenix • •

Consonants = number of oxygens Vowels = negative charge Gains 1 Oxygen from the Normal

Nick

NORMAL