Re sonanc e
Young Architects 10
Foreword by Jesse Reiser Introduction by Anne Rieselbach Project_ RVTR Mark Foster Gage Tiantian Xu Lonn Combs PellOverton
Princeton Architectural Press, New York The Architectural League of New York
Published by Princeton Architectural Press 37 East Seventh Street New York, New York 10003 For a free catalog of books, call 1.800.722.6657. Visit our website at www.papress.com. © 2009 Princeton Architectural Press and the Architecture League of New York All rights reserved Printed and bound in China 12 11 10 09 4 3 2 1 First edition No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the publisher, except in the context of reviews. Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify owners of copyright. Errors or omissions will be corrected in subsequent editions. This publication is made possible with public funds from the New York State Council on the Arts, a state agency.
Editor: Lauren Nelson Packard Designer: Jan Haux Special thanks to: Nettie Aljian, Bree Apperley, Sara Bader, Nicola Bednarek, Janet Behning, Becca Casbon, Carina Cha, Penny (Yuen Pik) Chu, Carolyn Deuschle, Russell Fernandez, Pete Fitzpatrick, Wendy Fuller, Clare Jacobson, Aileen Kwun, Nancy Eklund Later, Linda Lee, Laurie Manfra, John Myers, Katharine Myers, Dan Simon, Jennifer Thompson, Paul Wagner, Joseph Weston, and Deb Wood of Princeton Architectural Press —Kevin C. Lippert, publisher Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Resonance / the Architectural League of New York ; foreword by Jesse Reiser ; introduction by Anne Rieselbach. — 1st ed. p. cm. — (Young architects ; 10) ISBN 978-1-56898-809-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Young Architects Forum—Exhibitions. 2. Architecture—Awards—United States. 3. Architecture— United States—History—21st century. 4. Young architects—United States. 5. Architecture and society. I. Architectural League of New York. NA2340.Y6798 2009 720.92—dc22 2008051948
Contents
7 11
Acknowledgments Foreword Jesse Reiser
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Introduction Anne Rieselbach
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Biographies
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Project _ RVTR Mark Foster Gage Tiantian Xu Lonn Combs PellOverton
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Young Architects 10
Project _
Young Architects 10
YouPrison Torino, Italy 2008 Exhibition with Benjamin Porto and Daniel Sakai
We were invited by Francesco Bonami and the Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo in Turin to contribute a prison cell design to their YouPrison exhibit, together with twelve other international architects. After researching reform ideas within the U.S. prison system, prison labor laws, as well as the actual architectural implications of a cell redesign, we decided to dedicate our exhibition to explicating the dilemma that a designer finds himself in when asked to impact (through the design of a room) a system determined by agents and agencies well beyond any architect’s domain. As a direct result of recent legislation and of the general cultural embrace of “cleaning up” and normalizing American cities, the number of individuals in U.S. prisons has been steadily increasing, which has brought clear financial benefit to private prison management companies over the last decade. The interior of U.S. prisons is also one of the last sites of production in an otherwise post-industrial economy. None of this is to say that prisons do not involve architectural design— on the contrary, prison architectures often survive the governments that sponsor them—but rather, to begin to describe the intricate and vast network of agents involved in the shaping of the U.S. correctional system in order to understand what possible agency an architect might have in this situation. Not only is the contemporary architect not the same figure as the eighteenth-century reformer/architect, but the cell is in fact too small a unit of carceral space to impact the deeply problematic structures and practices that extend well beyond it today. The floor of our installation is an informational display that requires the visitor to perform our research and our dilemma spatially. Three main voices are reconstructed: the voice of the legislature and governmental agencies, the voice of all who benefit from the prison system financially, and the voice of the prisoners. Each of these agents spins the information in specific ideological directions. Although it may be possible to care about only one of these larger agents, the
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Gallery Installation
connections between them are intricate, inextricably woven together, and, most importantly, entangle the figure of the architect as well. Above the large informational display, an illuminated polypropylene cell is presented upside down, as an invitation to contemplate architectural design. If the floor invites one to try to understand the network of agents involved in the prison industrial system or in this contemporary species of prisoner reform, the upper portion of the installation presents a limit case scenario, based on plausible future outcomes of current trends in prison management and contemporary culture. Starting with the ongoing increase in skilled and non-violent prisoner populations, our scenario involves the possible expansion of prison reform arguments to embrace ideas about the special (reform) value of creative work.
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Young Architects 10
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Exploded Axonometric of Installation Google Cells—Prison/Workplace Hybrids Google Cell Variants
Polypropylene Cell
Personal Library Cell
Polypropylene Cell
quiet work environment
Multi-Workstation Cell Polypropylene Cell
furniture reconfigurable to meet team’s needs
Private Workstation Cell quiet resident work
Polypropylene Cell Felt Curtain Felt Curtain
Open Meeting Cell impromptu team collaboration
Terrace Cell
Felt Curtain
Workroom Cell quiet work environment
Conference Cell focused collaboration space
Clubhouse Cell opportunities for chance encounters
Regrouping Cell restful break between brainstorming sessions
Dining Cell
alternative quiet alternative dining setting to in-house work stations for focused collaborative work
3 Felt Curtain
Map of the Prison Industrial Complex Map of the Prison Industrial Complex
Map of the Prison Industrial Complex
Map of the Prison Industrial Complex
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Project_
Polypropylene Cell Assembly Drawing Life in the Live/Work Cell 2. Fold 1. Cut
1. Cut Cut patterns from polypropylene sheet.
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2. Fold Score and fold individual elements.
3. Layout Verify that folded segments align with one another.
4. Assembly Fasten elements together and to unistrut strapping with nylon rivets.
Price Per Prisoner
Industrial Reform 1 in 100
$30,244
$35,012
$42,028
$43,026
$44,860
$42,202
(Federal Prison Industries) inherently teaches the true value of earning a paycheck; it represents a “fresh start” for a brighter future.
1 in 297
$34,150
1 in 106
$33,048
1 in 15
1 in 355 $29,527
2005 Annual Operating Cost Per Inmate
Women Behind Bars Products Made By Prisoners In States With Prison Industry Enhancement Certificates
Specialized Prison Products
PIE Certificates
Prison Industries
Three Strikes
72 000
Felony 01
Bed Count
Proposition 184, 1994 It is the intent of the People of the State of California in enacting this measure to ensure longer prison sentences and greater punishment for those who commit a felony and have been previously convicted of serious and/or violent felony offenses.
Commissary Items
Toiletry kits are primarily sold by the US Bureau of Prisons to federal prisoners.
California Crime Index
NO
$6.97 $24.97 $6.97 $9.97 $49.97 $15.97 $139.97 $9.97 $19.97 $8.97 $49.97 $61.97 $34.97 $129.97 $24.97 $99.97 $7.97 $38.97 $19.97 $9.97 $69.97 $19.97 $3.97 $69.97 $4.97 $23.97 $6.97 $57.97 $6.97 $37.97 $34.97 $6.97 $22.97 $39.97 $7.97 $17.97 $15.97 $9.97 $7.97 $3.97 $4.97 $1.97 $4.97 $5.97 $2.97 $10.97 $6.97 $4.97 $0.97 $1.97 $0.67 $2.97 $4.97 $6.97 $1.97 $1.97 $4.97 $3.97 $3.97 $2.97 $1.97 $13.97 $4.97 $7.97 $1.97 $1.97 $29.97 $39.97 $17.97 $12.97
FPI As of 2006 Federal Prison Industries had a 91.7% market share in the Toiletry Kitting industry.
Two to Torino Cell Architecture
U.S. Prison Population Count 900 569
BOP
7 1 in 9 1 in 36 1 in 54
1 in 265
Men Behind Bars
2 000 000
Americans Behind Bars
It looks like the only way to get a job is to go to jail
Felony 02 YES
Investor Returns CCA : S&P 500
Corrections Market
Corrections Returns
CCA Market Capitalization March 31 2007
$4,217,188,000
Corrections Value
FPI Jobs
100 000 000 Directory Assistance Calls Handled
Hello, how may I help you?
Federal Prison Industries, Inc. Net Sales
If the Corrections Corporation of America stock continues its run, investors might just be tempted to lock up profits.
We’ve never seen the wind at our back like it is today.
Corrections Market
40.8 Prisons Constructed per Year, 1995-2000
2.8%
Federal Prisoners in Private Facilities
Prison Privatization
Corrections Corporation of America Mission
In partnership with government, we will provide a meaningful public service by operating the highest quality adult corrections company in the United States.
Prison Industry
14.4%
FPI
$1 : $1.37
$1 : $1.06
State Expenses +127%
+21%
Rate of Growth: 1987 - 2007
DOD
Although Fiscal Year 2007 was a financially successful year.... we recognize the importance of preparing for the eventual end of the Iraq war and the impact that decreased military requirements will have on our organization.
1 565 771
90 831
892 330
81 300
8 600
44 350
We
$1 : $0.98
$1 : $1.19
US #1
2 258 983
158 351
One to One
$1 : $0.81
$1 : $1
FPI
Every 9 Days
DOD
$266,919,299 2007 Federal Prison Industries Sales To US Department Of Defense
37 States Contract Prison Labor To Major Corps
Illegal immigrants must be detained until appearance in court
20% $1 : $0.83
Reform Market
FPI Revenues
Federal Prison Industries, Inc. Products : Clients
Call Collect CCA is your best solution for managing the immigrant detention center
Prison Lobby Analysis of Inmate Wages and Deductions $1 : $1.03
25 Years - Life
Drop In Crime : Three Strikes Law
FPI Market
I have to pay about $21.00 for a 15 minute call through MCI. Very expensive. I’m in California, my sweetie’s in Nevada. MCI charges me $33 for 30 min..
$5.85
80%
Prevailing Wage $1 : $0.83
63 315
Felony 03 Architecture < Risk
Crime Pays Mine are $31.54 for 30 mins. That’s from Illinois to Florida. my guy is still in the county jail...6 blocks from me...the calls are $4.25 for the first minute and 0.25 for each additional minute. $6.20 for 15 min. Not too bad!: rolleyes.
2 000 000 Average Prison Wage : Minimum Wage $0.30 : $8.00
5 870
2008 Total Prison Populations
Prison Compensation Prisons
We are jammed up with this situation right now because we have fallen in love with one of the most undocumented beliefs: That somehow you get safer if you put more people in jail.
198%
State Spending
2 000 000
One to One New Admissions : Parole Violations
$0.75 : $5.85 $1.05 : $7.15
Technical Violation
Percent Occupancy at California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Institutions
Education : Corrections
Two to One
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Floor Graphics Presenting Our Research on the Prison Industrial Complex
Young Architects 10
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Project_
View Inside Gallery Installation
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