port Terminal Building: Spaces And Circulation
LISHA PATEL 0901AR161018
AIM TO STUDY AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING SPACES AND ANALYSING IN RELATION TO NORMS AND CASE STUDY.
OBJECTIVE • To study evolution of aviation. • To study typologies of terminal on the basis of different aspects. • To study thoroughly norms and design standards. • To study different flow followed by arriving, departing, domestic and international passengers. • To study space requirements and facilities. • To understand circulation. • To study different case studies of Indian airports
SCOPE This study can be used to study all the data required to understand aviation process, activities take part in any terminal, their sequences, according to zones , arrival and departure concourses, crowd circulation and spaces required to have design more accessible terminal along with case studies with survey. The idea is to have an easy access to all the data from one place for ease of study.
LIMITATIONS
• Research is limited only for terminal building of airport not air and land zone. • No construction techniques. • Limited to passenger circulation.
What is an Airport ? A place from which aircraft operate that usually has paved runways and maintenance facilities and often serves as a terminal. -Merriam Webster.
Terminal complex.
METHODOLOGY Secondary Research Research papers
Primary Research
Case Study Observation
Design standard s
Books
Analysis Spaces & Requirements
Articles
Passenger Circulation Connectivity
HISTORY OF AVIATION IN INDIA
In feb 18, 1911 Henri Piquet flew indias first domestic flight from Allahbad to Naini junction
Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier developed a hot air balloon in France on September 19, 1783. In 1929,Royal Aero Club, Aga Khan announced solo flight competition.
Man Mohan Singh won the competition and became the first Indian licensed pilot
In 1910,Bhupinder Singh maharaja of Patiala bought first airplane of india February 10, India’s first pilot’s licence was awarded to JRD Tata1932. Indias first scheduled airline launched this year
TERMINAL BUILDING
n airport terminal is a building at an airport where assengers transfer between ground transportation the facilities that allow them to board and disembark from an aircraft.
Do you know?
Source : Mumbai Airport (Domestic Terminal), India
In 2017, India has become the world's third largest domestic civil aviation market, with passenger traffic of over 100 million during 2016–17. According to recent projections, passenger numbers are expected to reach 7.2 billion a year by 2034. India also expects to be the world's largest aviation by 2026.
Terminal Five at Heathrow Airport
TYPOLOGIES ON THE BASIS OF RUNWAY CONFIGURATION
LINEAR
INTERSECTING
PARALLEL
OPEN- V
ON THE BASIS OF TERMINAL CONFIGURATION CENTRALISED & DECENTRALISED SYSTEM
LINEAR SYSTEM SATELLITE SYSTEM PIER / FINGER SYSTEM CENTRALISED SYSTEM
CENTRALISED SYSTEM
DECENTRALISED SYSTEM
TRANSPORTER SYSTEM
TYPOLOGIES ON THE BASIS OF CONNECTING FLIGHTS DOMESTIC The terminal which handle traffic of flights connecting within a country are called domestic terminals.
INTERNATIONAL The terminal which handle traffic of flights from different countries are international.
ON THE BASIS OF SIZE & CAPACITY
Diagrammatic section layouts of terminal building Source : architects handbook
FUNCTIONAL FLOW DOMESTIC ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES. PASSENGERS • • •
Origin and Destination Connecting Domestic ( Arrival/ Departures)
INBOUND AND OUTBOUND BAGGAGE
INWARD OUTWAR
FUNCTIONAL FLOW INTERNATIONAL ARRIVING AND DEPARTING PASSENGER FLOWS.
PASSENGERS • • •
Origin and Destination Connecting International ( Arrival/ Departures)
INBOUND AND OUTBOUND BAGGAGE
SSCP – Security Screening Check Point CBP – Custom Border Protection
Ticket Check-In
Ticket Check-In lobby
Passenger Screening
Holdrooms
Passenger Amenities
Baggage Claim
pes of Check-in Facilities
Staffed Check-in Counters Self-Service Check-in Kiosks Self-Tagging Stations Curbside Check-in
Typical curbside ticket check in counter with take away conveyor
Typical curbside ticket check in counter with take away conveyor and one load point
Self Service Kiosk
Typical island ticket counter
Source: Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design lobby
Typical linear ticket lobby
Typical curbside bag check
Public Spaces
Ticket Check-In lobby
Passenger Screening
Passenger Screening
Holdrooms
Passenger Amenities
Baggage Claim
Public Spaces
A standard SSCP contains four major components: 1. X-ray unit for carry-on bags. 2. WTMD.[Walk through metal detectors] 3. A search area for passengers after WTMD. 4. ETD for checking bags.[Explosive trace detectors]
Typical dimensions for queues
Typical WTMD configuration • one X-ray unit for each WTMD,27 to 31 feet wide[approx.] • For two X-rays for one WTMD, 22 to 29 feet wide[approx.] •
The length for an SSCP can vary from 57 to 68 feet. SSCP [Security Screening Check point] requirement configurations
Source: Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design
HOLDROOMS
Ticket Check-In lobby
Passenger Screening
Holdrooms
Passenger Amenities
Baggage Claim
Public Spaces
holdroom contains : 1. Seating and standing areas for passengers 2. An airline agent check-in podium 3. Space for a boarding/deplaning queue 4. Space for circulation within the holdroom 5. Other amenities GatePodiums. • • •
two-position gate podium is 8 to10 feet wide The depth of the podium counter and back wall- 8 feet area provided in front of the podium- 15foot.
Boarding/Deplaning Corridor. The corridor should have a direct path from the loading bridge to the main concourse corridor. A minimum 6-foot width is recommended for deplaning.
Source: Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design
Typical holdroom
Passenger Amenities 1. Airport information centers, counters, and kiosks Wi-Fi 2. Computer recharging stations 3. Wheelchair storage 4. Electric passenger carts 5. Passenger luggage carts or trolleys
Ticket Check-In lobby
Baggage Claim
Passenger Screening
Holdrooms
Passenger Amenities
Baggage Claim
Baggage claim requirements are based on the following: • Design hour deplaned terminating passengers • Concentration of passengers arriving within a 20minute of time period • Percentage of passengers checking bags • Average traveling party size • Checked baggage per passenger ratios
Public Restrooms
Public restrooms should be provided in areas: 1. 2. 3. 4.
ticketing, baggage claim, central concession areas and concourses.
Oversized airport restroom stall
Source: Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design
Sample airport restroom configuration
Typical baggage claim units
Public Spaces
CASE STUDY CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Inspired by the dancing peacock, India’s national bird, terminal 2 seems unique, pictorial and resplendent icon of modern infrastructure. It is second busiest airport in South Asia and was ranked 48th busiest airport in world The airport handles 1/5th of the India’s Air Traffic. Constructed by joint venture of AAI(Airports authority of India) and GVK. World’s longest glass wall structure spanning up to 11,000 square meters Terminal size: 40 million passengers per annum Total area : Spanning over Four Hundred Thousand square meters Architects – SOM LEVELS DESCRIPTION: Project Year – 2014 Level 1 - Transport (prepaid taxis, car rentals, and hotel reservations). Level 2 - Arrivals Level 3 - Domestic Departures Level 4 - International Departures
Source : Author
LEVEL 4 [International departure]
LEVEL 3 [Domestic Departure]
LEVEL 2 [Arrivals]
LEVEL 1 [Transport]
LEVEL 4 DEPARTURE ANALYSIS
EVEL 3 [Domestic Departure] DOMESTIC RETAIL & DEPARTURE LEVEL- reached from level 4 after check-in - housing the domestic Retail Hub and leading to domestic gates - houses security check for domestic passengers, domestic retail concessions & domestic departure gates 32. Retail, F&B, F&B Seating, Seating, Promo Site,Passenger Services, Childrens area, Smoking Areas. DEPARTURE LOUNGE place where passengers wait before they get into their planes.
GVK Lounge: for first class and business class passengers. It's located on Level 3 and 4 of Terminal 2. Facilities include concierge, business center, library, spa and shower, smoking zone, food, and beverages.
CIP Lounge: for "Commercially Important Passengers", as determined by the airlines. It's located on Level 3 and 4 of Terminal 2. Luxury seating, wireless Internet, and reading materials are provided.
Loyalty Lounge: for holders of eligible MasterCard, Visa, Priority Pass, Airport Angle, Lounge Key, Diners and Amex cards. Paid access to the lounge is also available. It's located on Level 3 of Terminal 2. Facilities include a buffet, unlimited alcoholic beverages, reading materials, and wireless Internet.
Pranaam Lounge: a less glamorous option for everyday passengers who wish to avail of lounge facilities. Buffet, non alcoholic beverages, wireless Internet, baby care room, luggage storage, reading materials are provided.
LEVEL 2 ANALYSIS ARRIVAL
Conclusion This study provides a standard data and information of airport terminal building for any designer who needs to study about it. To design any terminal it is important to study its all dimensions thoroughly and understand them practically. The rapid increase in population causes around 10% increase in air traffic in a typical metropolitian area with 1million residents. Also , india in 2017 has become the world's third largest domestic civil aviation market, with passenger traffic of over 100 million during 2016–17. Providing all the data required to understand how the aviation process occurs and requirements more accessible terminal along with case studies with survey. Concluding the idea to have a easy access to all the data from one place for ease of study Also, the case study and analysis given is justifying all the theoretical data provided in study. The main points a designer can get from this study are: • • • •
Terminologies related to airport Spaces, their function and idea of its dimensions Passenger types and their circulation What happens with baggage in an airport
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