Editorial (Seeking the Path - Ñāṇavīra Thera)

Editorial Notes 1. letters to venerable ñå~amoli 1954

[EL. 1] 1. Saturday: Undated, but probably late March, 1954.

2. Ven. Ñå~amoli (then Osbert Moore) accompanied the Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra (then Harold Musson) to Ceylon in 1949, at which time they both took ordination, receiving the upasampadå in 1950. They carried on a prodigious correspondence from about 1954 (when the Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra left the Island Hermitage) until shortly before 27 June 1959, at which time the correspondence was discontinued by the Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra. The Ven. Ñå~amoli (who is remembered for his translations of the Majjhima­ nikåya, the Visuddhimagga, and other Pali texts) died due to heart failure (coronary thrombosis) in 1960.

3. Siri Vajiråråmaya is known Sri Lankan Buddhist temple due to the renowned resident monks. The temple in the heart of Colombo was founded in 1901 by Venerable Pelene Siri Vajirajana Maha Nayaka Thera.

It has been declared a Sacred Site by the State on 6 September 2009. More on www.vajirarama.lk.

4. Salgala Arañña (Forest Monastery) is in the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. It is around 60 miles (100 km) from Colombo.

5. ekaµsa: With robe over one shoulder only.

[EL. 2] 1. crackers: a firecrackers (fireworks).

2. Hermitage: The Island Hermitage, Dodanduwa, Sri Lanka, was a centre for Western Buddhists. The Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra spent some of his early years there and returned in later years for visits. The Hermitage was founded in 1911 by the German-born monk, the Ven. Ñå~atiloka Mahåthera, nowadays there are living only Sinhala monks.

[EL. 3] 1. bomba: A tree whose leaves, boiled in water, yield a detergent which does not cause vegetable dyes to fade.

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[EL. 4] 1. karawalå: Polmal Karawala, Tree Snake (Chrysopelea ornate).

[EL. 5] 1. Yåvatå bh. dhammå…: Yåvatå bhikkhave dhammå saπkhatå vå asaπkhatå vå virågo tesaµ dhammånaµ aggaµ akkhåyati. ‘Monks, as to things determined or undetermined, dispassion is reckoned the foremost of these things.’ It.iii.41/88.

2. Chandam¨lakå … ‘s. dh.’: ‘s. dh.’ is ‘sabbe dhammå’. ‘All things have their root in desire…all things have their end in extinction.’ M¨laka Sutta—A.X.vi.58/v,107.

3. Manasikårasamudayå…: ‘With arising of attention, arising of images (ideas).’ Satipa††håna Saµy., Samudaya Sutta—S.xlvii.42/v,184.

4. samudayavayadhammånupass⁄…: ‘Or he lives, contemplating the body in the body.’ Mahåsatipa††håna Sutta (Refrain)—D.22/ii,292ff; Satipa††håna Sutta (Refrain)—M.10/i,56ff.

5. Iti r¨paµ…: ‘This is matter, this the arising of matter, this the setting (perishing) of matter.’ Mahåsatipa††håna Sutta (Khandha Pabbaµ)—D.22/ ii,301; Satipa††håna Sutta (Khandha Pabbaµ)—M.10/i,62.

6. Manañca…: ‘Dependent on mind and images (ideas), mind-consciousness originates.’ Madhupi~∂ika Sutta—M.18/i,112.

7. Ye hi…: ‘Whatever recluses or divines who, in various ways, regard ‘self’….’ Khandha Saµy., Samanupassanå Sutta—S.xxii.47/iii,46.

8. Yattha…: ‘Where, friend, there is no feeling at all, can “I am” be there?’

‘No indeed, lord.’’ Mahånidåna Sutta—D.15/ii,67.

9. polongas: Vipers.

[EL. 7] 1. cakkhuñca…: ‘Dependent on eye and forms, eye-consciousness arises.’

Madhupi~∂ika Sutta—M.18/i,112.

2. Ekacce…: ‘Some determinations are permanent.’ Bahudhåtuka Sutta— M.115/iii,64.

3. avijjåsamphassajaµ…: ‘Feeling born of contact with nescience/science.’

Khandha Saµy., Parileyyaka Sutta—S.XXII.81/iii 94. See also EL. 90, p. 252.

4. båhiraka: ‘Non-Buddhist’ (literally, ‘outsider’).

5. chandam¨lakå…: See EL. 5, second paragraph, p. 6.

6. saπkappavitakkå: ‘Purposeful thinking.’

7. Sutta: It is Po††hapåda Sutta—D.9/i,201-2.

8. Beli: It is a Sri Lankan popular name for Bael (Aegle marmelos). It is a

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middle sized slender aromatic armed tree spread to throughout South and South-East Asia. It is a gum-bearing tree.

[EL. 8] 1. contradiction and non-sequitur: These, perhaps, refer to ‘a past Reference’, EL. 7, §3, p. 9 and ‘a Referent is attå or anattå’ [? is not], EL. 7, §7, p. 10.

[EL. 9] 1. Tuesday: Probably 24 or 31 August, 1954.

[EL. 10] 1. Ven. Nårada (1898-1983) was the Superior of Vajiråråma Temple in Colombo. He was a popular figure in his native country, Sri Lanka, and beyond. He travelled to many countries to conduct missionary work.

2. lived to translate it: Ven. Ñå~amoli’s thought on the Visuddhimagga from an undated letter, probably in 1956) on his friend Susan Hibbert in UK: ‘My famous magnum opus (translation) was published last month…. It seems rather alien and odd, like something done by someone else. For amusement I concealed my name in the first letters of each sentence in the preface. I haven’t told anyone but you at all. It amuses me to see if anyone will notice it (but of course they won’t). I do not really like the book at all, or agree with some of its content, and it really represents partly the getting past an obstacle and partly some rather abstruse literary amusement for myself. I recommend you to put it on a shelf rather than read it.’

1955 [EL. 11] 1. Nel mezzo del cammin: a quote from Ulysses: ‘A father, Stephen said, battling against hopelessness, is a necessary evil.

He wrote the play in the months that followed his father’s death. If you hold that he, a greying man with two marriageable daughters, with thirty-five years of life, Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita, with fifty of experience, is the beardless undergraduate from Wittenberg then you must hold that his seventyyear old mother is the lustful queen.’ Joyce, James. Ulysses, Chapter ‘Scylla and Charybdis’ (9.831; 207:12-13). London: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 198.

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And the opening line of Canto 1 of Dante Alighieri’s Inferno:

Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita mi ritrovai per una selva oscura ché la diritta via era smarrita.

While halfway through the journey of our life I found myself lost in a darkened forest, for I had wandered off from the straight path.

—Divine Comedy, Indiana University Press, 1996, p. 3.

(Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra might have intended by the above Dantesque phrase about the Buddha’s Middle Way by which he attained Enlightenment at the age of 35. The Ven Ñå~av⁄ra had written the letter on his 35th Birthday. See also the last paragraph of EL. 10.)

2. Cyril Vernon Connolly: (1903-1974) was an English intellectual, literary critic and writer.

[EL. 12] 1. Ven. Nyanaponika (1901-1994) was a German-born, co-founder of the Buddhist Publication Society, living at the Forest Hermitage, Kandy. He was a contemporary author of numerous seminal Theravada books, and teacher of contemporary western buddhist teachers such as Bhikkhu Bodhi. Ven. Nyanaponika, presenter of orthodoxy, openly disagreed with the views of Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra.

2. The Doctrine of Awakening, The Attainment of Self-Mastery According to the Earliest Buddhist Texts is a book by philosopher and racial theorist Julius Evola. First published in Italian as La dottrina del risveglio in 1943. It was translated into English in 1948 by Ñå~av⁄ra Thera at the time still a layman, known as H.E. Musson, and republished in 1997.

3. Mencius: (4th century BC) was a Chinese philosopher who was arguably the most famous Confucian after Confucius himself.

[EL. 14] 1. Ñå~atiloka Mahåthera: born in 19th February 1878 in Wiesbaden, Germany. He was ordained as a Buddhist monk in Burma in 1903. His earliest teacher was Ananda Metteyya, a British monk. After his ordination, Ñå~atiloka traveled to Sri Lanka to learn Pali. He spent almost the rest of his life there, died in 28th May 1957, and at his death was given a state funeral.

2. Lokanåtha: (1897-1966) was an Italian Buddhist missionary.

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3. Paññavato…: ‘This is a Teaching for the wise; this is not a Teaching for the foolish….’ A.VIII,30/iv,227.

[EL. 16] 1. Aldershot: Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra (harolf Edward Musson) was born in Aldershot, military town in Hampshire, England, in 1920.

[EL. 17] 1. Atthi…: ‘There is, monks, a non-born, non-become, non-made, nondetermined….’ Parinibbåna Sutta—Ud.viii,3/80.

2. Ye hi…: ‘Whatever recluses or divines who, in various ways, regard ‘self’….’ Khandha Saµy., Samanupassanå Sutta—S.xxii.47/iii,46.

[EL. 18] 1. abbhånakamma: An act of rehabilitation, pertaining to Vinaya.

2. Perera: See EL. 112-113. Mr. Hilton Perera is a local dåyaka, who was a chief supporter of Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra.

3. rukkham¨lasenåsana: ‘Tree-root dwelling-place.’

[EL. 20] 1. Dahlke: Paul Dahlke was a more independent-minded German writer and lay-leader.

2. to see…: Sic! [EL. 24] 1. 136: It is an Eddington number. From Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Eddington_number): In astrophysics, the Eddington number, N Edd , is the number of protons in the observable universe. The name honors the British astrophysicist Arthur Eddington who, in 1938, was the first to propose a calculation of N Edd , and to explain why this number could be important for cosmology and the foundations of physics. In the late 1930s, the best experimental value of the fine structure constant, α, was about 1/136. Eddington began by arguing, from aesthetic and numerological considerations, that α should be exactly 1/136. He then gave a ‘proof’ that N Edd = 136×2256, or about 1.57×1079. In the 1938 Tarner Lecture at Trinity College, Cambridge, Eddington averred that: ‘I believe there are 15 747 724 136 275 002 577 605 653 961 181 555 468 044 717 914 527 116 709 366 231 425 076 185 631 031 296 protons in the universe and the same number of electrons.’ This large number was soon christened the ‘Eddington number’. Shortly thereafter, improved

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measurements of α yielded values closer to 1/137, whereupon Eddington changed his ‘proof’ to show that α had to be exactly 1/137—a feat for which Punch dubbed him ‘Sir Arthur Adding-One’. The best presentday estimate (2008) of the value of the fine structure constant is: 1 α = 7.297352570(5) x 10-3 = 137.03599981(51)

Hence no one maintains any longer that α is the reciprocal of an integer.

Nor does anyone take seriously a mathematical connection between the value of α and N Edd. More defendable estimates of N Edd point to a value of about 1080. These estimates assume that all matter can be taken to be hydrogen, and require assumed values for the numbers and sizes of galaxies and stars in the universe.

1957 [EL. 25] 1. Monday: 20 or 27 May. 2. Eddington: New Pathways in Science, Arthur Eddington (London: Cambridge University Press, 1935). Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (18821944) was an English astrophysicist. In his honour is named The Eddington limit, the possibly maximum luminosity of a star, which can keep electrons from being blown out of the sphere. He is famous for his work regarding the Theory of Relativity. He also conducted an eclipse expedition in 1919 that provided one of the earliest confirmations of relativity.

3. spin: i.e. of an electron.

[EL. 26] 1. Bhante: Ven. Ñå~atiloka Mahåthera. See editorial note to EL. 14 #1.

[EL. 27] 1. L’Homme Revolté: (English title: The Rebel, 1951) book-length essay

by Albert Camus, which treats both the metaphysical and the historical development of rebellion and revolution in societies, especially Western Europe.

[EL. 28] 1. chapter: Chapter XII, ‘The Theory of Groups’, pp. 255-277.

2. asaññasattå: Non-perceptive beings.

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[EL. 29] 1. åpatti desanå: Confession of faults.

[EL. 30] 1. Heidegger is wrong: Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra later changes his views on Heidegger.

In 8 May 1965 he writes: ‘I have just been presented with the English translation of Heidegger’s Sein und Zeit (Being and Time). /…/ Actually, it’s extremely stimulating. Up to now my knowledge of Heidegger has been derived from short summaries and other writers’ comments, and particularly through the refractive medium of Sartre’s philosophy, and I am beginning to see that he (H) is a better thinker than I had been led to believe. I accepted Sartre’s criticisms of him in good faith, and in several places where I couldn’t quite make out what Sartre was talking about I gave him (S) the benefit of the doubt—if Sartre was obscure, that was because I had failed to understand, not because Sartre was mistaken.

But now I find that Sartre’s criticisms and obscurities arise from (in my view) seriously wrong ideas—where Sartre differs from Heidegger, and it is where he differs from Heidegger that he is obscure, Heidegger is in the right. Anyway, apart from his formidable array of technical terms in ‘the Awful German Language’—and not improved by translation— Heidegger is beautifully perspicuous—hardly a philosophical opacity anywhere. But I think I should hardly have found this so had I not first sweated over Sartre. And Sartre still gives you a great deal that you don’t get from Heidegger.’ (from L. 151, CtP) 2. Nous sommes: ‘We are.’

3. Pour Autrui: ‘For others.’

4. Sketch for a Proof of Rebirth: See p. 345.

5. ne peut se…: ‘cannot turn away from the world and from history without denying the very principle of his rebellion.’ (The Rebel, p. 251.)

6. ignorer…: ‘to ignore history comes to the same as denying reality.’ (Ibid. p. 252.)

7. eloigné du réel: ‘alienated from reality’ (adapted from The Rebel, p. 252.)

8. Bhaddekaratta Sutta: M.131/iii,187ff.

9. à partir du réel: ‘Starting from reality.’

10. Il semble…: ‘It seems that great souls, at times, are less frightened by pain than by the fact that it does not last. For lack of an untiring happiness, aling suffering would at least make a destiny. But no, and our worst tortures will cease one day. One morning, after so much despair, an irrepressible desire to live will announce to us that all is finished, and that suffering has no more sense than happiness.’

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11. Le Juif…: Reflexion sur la Question Juive (tranlation in English: AntiSemite and Jew, literally: Reflections on the Jewish Question) is an essay about antisemitism written by Jean-Paul Sartre shortly after the liberation of Paris from German occupation in 1944.

‘The Jew of today is in total war. What does this mean, if not that the socialist revolution is necessary and sufficient to suppress the anti-semite?

It is also for Jews that we will make the revolution.’

12. plat: ‘flat’.

13. metaphysical….: The following, in Ven. Ñå~amoli’s handwriting, was attached to the above letter and refers to the article ‘Atomic Research and the Law of Causation in Nature’:

Notes on reading Heisenberg’s Article in ‘Universitas’ non-knowledge is an element of physics complementarity of descriptions reversal of time The implicit but not overtly stated replacement of the statistical method of the large-scale by the frequently-repeated (which substitutes habit for size) and the small-scale for the relatively isolated. In defining largeness (in space) or long-duration (in time) ‘objectively’ it seems illegitimate to introduce the experiential quality of ‘extension’, which is really strictly subjective (by ‘looking into the distance’ or ‘stretching out an arm’ or by ‘counting sheep’), which leaves only complexity and numerical repetition with which to define the large-scale and the long-enduring.

The reduction of greed, hate and delusion can be defined as a simplification with, in the extreme case, the collapse of time-space. Statistical time is extended but not ordered—i.e. not formed into historical time— ‘police-court memory’.

[EL. 31] 1. Heisenberg: Atomic Research and the Law of Causation in Nature,

by Prof. Heisenberg of Göttingen, from Universitas 1957, Vol 2. This article, copied by Ven. Ñå~amoli on ten foolscap sheets, is not reproduced here.

Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) was a German physicist who developed new theories in quantum mechanics, founder of the new physics of the atomic world, and especially for the uncertainty principle in quantum theory. He is also known for his controversial role as a leader of Germany’s nuclear fission research during World War II.

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[EL. 32] 1. en-soi pur: ‘pure in-itself’.

2. App. VII: in Sketch for a Proof of Rebirth.

3. ches les…: ‘With things, essence precedes existence.’

4. chez l’homme…: ‘With man, existence precedes essence.’

[EL. 33] 1. expanding universe: The notion of ‘an expanding universe’ is usually expanded by the explanation that everything moves away from everything else, albeit more distant objects appear to move faster than nearer ones.

2. On trotte en place: ‘One marks time.’

3. fil conducteur: ‘Guiding thread.’

[EL. 36] 1. space-like EF-operators: Clearification from Eddington: ‘Classifying all the 16 E-operators in this way, we find that 10 of them are space-like and 6 are time like. Classifying similarly the 256 EFoperators, we find at once that 102+62 or 136 are space-like (square=1), and (10x6)+(6x10) or 120 are time-like (square=-1).” New Pathways in Science (London: Cambridge University Press, 1935, p. 277).

[EL. 37a] 1. Etre vu: ‘Being seen.’

2. Cogito ergo sum: ‘I think, therefore I am.’

[EL. 40] 1. Il est…: ‘It is in all that it is not.’

2. Le mouvement…: ‘Movement is a sickness of being.’

[EL. 41] 1. Eddington speaks of: Cf. Eddington, Sir Arthur. New Pathways in Science (London: Cambridge University Press, 1935, p. 271).

[EL. 42] 1. CUP: Concluding Unscientific Postscript to the Philosophical Fragments (Danish: Afsluttende uvidenskabelig Efterskrift til de philosophiske Smuler) is a major work by Søren Kierkegaard. The work is an attack against Hegelianism, the philosophy of Georg Hegel. The work is also famous for its dictum, Subjectivity is Truth.

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[EL. 43] 1. Gli Ossessi: ‘The Possessed.’

2. invraisemblable: ‘Unlikely.’

3. La Nausée: Nausea by J.-P. Sartre.

4. ‘Philosopher of the Infinite Hierarchy’: More recently the notion of the infinite hierarchy has made an appearance in computer research theory and also in the writings of Gregory Bateson (see Steps to an Ecology of Mind, New York, Ballantine Books, 1975, esp. pp. 246ff.)

[EL. 47a] 1. santé de…: ‘…health of consciousness, whose sickness is immobility and each one of the two lives on the sickness of the other.’

[EL. 48] 1. Repetition: Søren Kierkegaard: Repetition, An Essay in Experimental Psychology, translated by Walter Lowrie (Oxford University Press). The passage is from p. 33.

2. pour moi: ‘For me.’

[EL. 49] 1. photthabbå: ‘Tangibles.’

2. Eddington: New Pathways in Science (London: Cambridge University Press, 1935, p. 106).

[EL. 50] 1. lâche: ‘Coward.’

[EL. 51] 1. Laurence Sterne (1713-1768) was an Irish-born English novelist and an Anglican clergyman. He is best known for his novels The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, and A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy.

2. mauvaise foi: ‘Bad faith.’ It is a philosophical concept first coined by Sartre to describe the phenomenon wherein one denies one’s total freedom, instead choosing to behave inauthentically. It is closely related to the concepts of self-deception and ressentiment.

3. eppur si muove: ‘All the same, it moves.’

4. †⁄kå: Sub-Commentary.

5. iriyåpathas: Modes of deportment, i.e. sitting, lying, standing, walking.

6. gocaravisayo: ‘Range-and-sphere.’ Indriya Saµy., Unnåbha Bråhma~a Sutta—S.xlviii.42/v,218.

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7. †hitassa aññathatta: ‘Invariance under transformation.’ Khandha Saµy., Ånanda Sutta—S.xxii.37/iii,38. See also anicca and FS of NoD. 8. entre vu: ‘Glimpsed.’

1958 [EL. 52] 1. Occam’s Razor: ‘Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem’ (Latin, ‘No more things should be presumed to exist that are absolutely necessary’), a maxim that means that all unnecessary facts or constituents in the subject being analysed should be eliminated. (Brewer, E. Cobham.

Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Philadelphia: Henry Altemus, 1898. 15e: p. 763).

[EL. 53] 1. But according…: Eddington, Sir Arthur: The Philosophy of Physical Science, Cambridge, 1938, p. 217.

[EL. 54] 1. Time dilation, a phenomenon described by the theory of relativity, would make it possible for passengers in a fast-moving (close to light-speed) vehicle to travel while ageing very little, in that their great speed slows down the rate of passage of on-board time. That is, the ship’s clock (and according to relativity, any human travelling with it) shows less elapsed time than the clocks of observers on Earth.

[EL. 55] 1. Line Geometry: From the Encyclopædia Britannica (14th ed.), Vol. 14, p. 157-158.

[EL. 57] 1. tout court: ‘Simply only that, nothing more.’

2. Dvayaµ pa†icca phasso: ‘Dependent on a duality (there is) contact.’

Nidåna Saµy., Bålapa~∂ita Sutta—S.xii.19/ii,23-24.

3. Tinnaµ saπgati phasso: ‘The meeting of the three (is) contact.’

Madhupi~∂ika Sutta—M.18/i,111.

4. sassatavåda: Holding that he and the world are eternal, and the ucchedavådin, who holds that he and the world cease to exist, are annihilated, at his death, are two holders of wrong views discussed in the Brahmajåla Suttanta (D.1).

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[EL. 59] 1. Attanå va…: ‘Or “With self I percieve self” thus (wrong) view truly and actually arises in him.’ Sabbåsava Sutta—M.2/i,8. Cf. ‘A Note on Pa†iccasamuppåda’, §25, NoD, p. 21.

[EL. 62] 1. Pour-soi: ‘for-itself’.

2. bhavåråmatå, vibhavåråmatå: ‘Delight in being/non-being.’

3. vibhavaµ abhinandanti: ‘They rejoice at non-being.’

4. cakkhumanto: ‘Ones who have eyes.’

5. bhavata~håparikkhayå: ‘Having utterly destroyed craving for being.’

[EL. 63] 1. the photograph of Kummer’s Surface: Not found among the manuscript papers.

2. N.Q. Dias: The recipient of L.2 of CtP. He later became Ceylon’s High Commissioner to India.

3. Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (1902-1984) was a British theoretical physicist. He made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. Dirac shared the Nobel Prize in physics for 1933 with Erwin Schrödinger.

[EL. 66] 1. oeuvre inachevee: ‘Unfinished work.’

[EL. 69] 1. saut: ‘Jump.’

[EL. 70] 1. Eddington’s lions: Eddington, Sir Arthur. New Pathways in Science.

London: Cambridge University Press, 1935, p. 263ff.

– 2. The horizontal line placed above a group of terms e.g. (X, X): vinculums are used when there is insufficient bracketing. The diagonal drawn from – – – [(X, X), (X, X)] to [A, B, C, D] denotes the repetition of points or conjoining the two points; to illustrate the repetition of an operation.

3. Ross Ashby (1903-1972) is a prolific and intelligent writer on cybernetics, and the Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra Thera seems to have found his views to be thought-provoking, even if largely unacceptable. Some time prior to 1957 the Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra Thera had read Ross Ashby’s Design for a

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Brain (London: Chapman and Hall, 1952), and he may also have read Introduction to Cybernetics (London: Chapman and Hall, 1957).

[EL. 71] 1. Q.E.D.: abbreviation for guod erat demonstrandum (Lat.) that which was to be proved. This is often written at the end of a proof to indicate that its conclusion has been reached.

2. Paccuppannañ ca…: ‘Who sees with insight the present thing now here now there.’ Cf. Bhaddekaratta Sutta—M.131/iii,187.

3. the central blob: Nevertheless, the drawings in EL. 54 contain 14 and 15 parts only if the central blob is included in the counting.

[EL. 72] 1. long letter: Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra is referring to EL. 33, e.g. the numbered paragraphs 9, 10, 11, 30.

2. a gem: Dirac, Paul A.: The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. London: Oxford University Press, p. 53.

3. Inscriptions de Truies au Pig-book: A newspaper cutting glued onto the manuscript letter: Enrollment of Sows in the Pig-Book.

4. Ourrah!…: Ourrah! Long life sport! Long life England! Long life Pigbook! Down with the Germans! Holy shit!

5. esse est percipi: ‘To be is to be perceived.’

6. Attack Upon ‘Christendom’: Kierkegaard saw the church-state alliance as bankrupt. Kierkegaard contrasted the Danish state church of his day with the Christianity that he saw in the New Testament itself.

[EL. 73] 1. Riemann: Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them paving the way for the later development of general relativity 2. ‘Les choses sont contre nous’: ‘Things are against us.’

3. speed of light: It was not known whether light travelles instantaneously or at a very fast finite speed until Ole Rømer first demonstrated in 1676 that light travelled at a finite speed (as opposed to instantaneously) by studying the motion of Planet Jupiter’s moon Io. After centuries of increasingly precise measurements, in 1975 the speed of light was known to be 299,792,458 meters per second with a relative measurement uncertainty of 4 parts per billion. In most practical cases, light can be thought of as moving instantaneously, but for long distances and very sensitive

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measurements the finite speed of light can have noticeable effects. In communicating with distant space probes, it can take minutes to hours for the message to get from Earth to the probe and back. The light we see from stars left them many years ago, allowing us to study the history of universe by looking at distant objects.

[EL. 74] 1. ‘à cause du soleil’: ‘Because of the sun.’ Meursault, the main character in Camus L’Étranger, blames the murder on the sun’s brightness.

2. Mapila: ‘Krait.’

3. the article: Note that anti-matter can be observed, produced in physical experiments. From the London Observer, 27 April 1958, p. 13:

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MATTER OF ANTI-MATTER, by our scientific correspondent Fragments of the huge meteor which crashed in Siberia in 1908 have never been found, although it left several big—though shallow—craters and caused immense deforestation for miles around.

One explanation of this paradox (which is paralleled at a few other crater-sites where meteors have fallen) is suggested in the current issue of Nature by Mr. Philip Wyatt, writing from the Department of Physics, Florida State University. It could be, he says, that ‘the meteors concerned were of contra-terrene constitution (anti-matter). In this case no trace of the meteors would remain due to the annihilation process’. If ‘anti-matter’ exists, it would be built up from particles similar to those of our own matter but of opposite electrical charge (or, in the case of the neutron, reversed magnetic polarity). The existence of positive electrons, or positrons, was established in 1932; negative protons, or anti-protons, were detected in 1955; and there is evidence also for the existence of anti-neutrons. Theoretically these particles could combine to form anti-matter, but this would be stable only as long as it made no contact with ordinary matter. If a piece of anti-matter were to meet a piece of our matter, both forms of matter would vanish violently, mainly into high-energy radiation. This is what Mr. Wyatt thinks may have happened when the meteor fell into Siberia. He points out that the effects of impact indicate ‘a release of power equivalent to that which might have been obtained from a thermonuclear explosion’. He proposes that the site should be searched for short-lived radio-isotopes, which would have been produced, on his hypothesis, by the intense gamma-radiation resulting from

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the annihilation process. If this hypothesis were confirmed—it is clearly meant only as a very tentative one—it would indicate that somewhere in the universe anti-matter may exist in bulk. In that case, collisions between the two forms of matter might possibly help to explain the intense emissions of energy which have been observed in certain regions far outside our galaxy, notably in the direction of the constellation of Cygnus. There is no risk of the solar system being annihilated through an encounter with an antimatter system, but presumably—if Mr. Wyatt is right—there is some slight risk from the impact of further anti-matter meteors, which would behave, wherever they fall, like atomic bombs.

Most scientific studies agree today that the Tunguska explosion was caused by a meteoroid or comet fragment of several dozen meter size which burst in the air at an altitude of 5-10 km above the Earth’s surface. The heat generated by compression of air in front of the body as it travels through the atmosphere is immense and most meteoroids burn up or explode before they reach the ground. Since the second half of the 20th century, close monitoring of Earth’s atmosphere has led to the discovery that such meteoroid airbursts occur rather frequently. A stony meteoroid of about 10 metres in diameter can produce an explosion of around 20 kilotons, similar to that of the Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki by the United States in the Second World War. The antimatter hypothesis fails to account for evidence that cosmic material was deposited by the impacting body, including dust trails in the atmosphere and the distribution of magnetic nickel debris around the impact area.

4. NEVEREADY: from the intentional pun of the trademark of the Eveready battery.

5. Dieu est peut-être…: ‘God may be hateful and detestable, incomprehensible and contradictory, but it is in so far as his face is most hideous that he most affirms his power.’

6. démarche: ‘Step.’

7. Privatdocent: German university lecturer (used by Kierkegaard in CUP).

[EL. 75] 1. a Belgian interlude: These two items are newspaper clippings.

[EL. 76] 1. gilampasa/hila dåna/devala dåna: Afternoon drink, breakfast, lunch.

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(Gilampasa is a Sinhala word for beverages derived from gilåna-paccaya—support for the sick.)

2. εποχη: epochè; ‘pause’, i.e. Husserl’s phenomenological reduction of ‘putting the world in brackets’.

[EL. 77] 1. transcendance vers l’infinit: ‘Transcendence towards infinity.’

2. Remainder of this letter and all letters to end of November, 1958, are missing.

[EL. 78] 1. c’est le…: ‘It is the first step that costs.’

2. ara~a: ‘Peacefulness, passionlessness.’

3. ataraxia: ‘Stoical indifference.’

4. cela m’est: ‘It is all the same to me.’

5. K.P. Translation: i.e. Minor Readings and The Illustrator, translation of Khuddakapå†ha and Comentary.

6. te åkåre…: ‘Those tokens, those marks, those signs, those indications by which the name-body is described.’ Mahånidåna Sutta—D.15/ii,62.

Cf. ‘Additional Texts §86’ in NoD, p. 135.

7. adhivacanasamphassa: ‘Designation-contact.’

8. pa†higasamphassa: ‘Resistance-contact.’

[EL. 79] 1. article in the Bosat: The article has not been traced.

[EL. 80] 1. Cattåri…: ‘The four great entities and matter held from the four great entities, that, friends, is called matter.’ Sammådi††hi Sutta—M.9/i,53.

Cf. ‘Additional Texts §78’ in NoD, p. 132.

2. ananto åkåsa: ‘Infinite space.’

[EL. 81] 1. saπkhatalakkha~as: ‘Characteristics of the determined.’

[EL. 83] 1. C’est moi…: ‘It is I who underline.’

2. la logique…: ‘Formal logic is defined as the study of the conditions “of the agreement of the mind with itself”.’

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1959 [EL. 83a] 1. sammoha: ‘Bewilderment, confusion.’

2. recul: ‘Backward-movement’ (‘recoil’).

[EL. 84] 1. esse est percipi: ‘To be is to be perceived.’

2. Saµyutta Sutta: Cf. Sa¬åyatana Saµy., Loka Sutta—S.xxxv,82/iv,52.

3. dolce m’e…: ‘Sweet for me is shipwreck in that sea.’

[EL. 85] 1. Poya: or Uposatha [Pali] is the Buddhist Sabbath, a day observed once a week in accordance with the four phases of the moon: the new moon, the full moon, and the two quarter moons in between.

[EL. 85a] 1. interpretation: Word illegible.

2. percipiens non est: ‘The perceiver is not.’

3. Non-esse est percipere: ‘Not to be is to perceive.’

4. cogito ergo percipimur: Logically incorrect. Possibly cogito ergo percipiur (‘I think, therefore I am perceived’) is meant. (As the text stands, it means ‘I think, therefore we are perceived’.)

5. percipiens quis perceptum est non esse: This is bad Latin. Perhaps the intended meaning is ‘the perceiver, who is perceived not to be’, but grammar is ambiguous and incorrect.

6. conscience d’autrui: ‘consciousness of others.’

7. ma conscience: ‘my consciousness’ 8. Si la mauvaise…: ‘If bad faith is possible, it is because it is an immediate, permanent threat to every project of the human being; it is because consciousness conceals in its being a permanent risk of bad faith. The origin of this risk is the fact that the nature of consciousness simultaneously is to be what it is not and not to be what it is.’ (B&N, p. 70).

9. …: Illegible.

10. †hapan⁄ya: ‘That (which) should be put aside.’ For the discussion on the four pañha and the eight micchattåni, see Sa~g⁄ti Sutta—D.33.

11. projet de…: ‘project of bad faith.’

[El. 86] 1. p. 291: Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra is referring to the the page number of MIL.

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[EL. 86a] 1. The Ven. Ñå~åloka Mahåthera was the second abbot of the Island Hermitage, from 1957 (when the founder, the Ven. Nå~atiloka Mahåthera, died) until his own death in 1976.

2. ågantuka ku†i: ‘New-comer’s hut.’

3. niyyånika: ‘Leading out, leading to salvation.’

4. ding an sich: ‘Thing-in-itself.’

5. chosisme: ‘Thing-ness (thing-ism).’

6. quelconque: ‘Whatever, ordinary.’

7. être vu: ‘To be seen.’

8. percipiens: ‘Perceiver.’

9. Saµyutta: Nidana Saµy., Nagara Sutta—S.xii.65/ii,104-107.

[EL. 87] 1. Lobatschewsky: Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792-1856) was a Russian mathematician. Is often called the Copernicus of Geometry.

2. viññå~aµ…: ‘Consciousness … might come to growth, increase and fullness.’ Khandha Saµy., Bija Sutta—S.xxii.54/iii,55.

3. Stavrogin: Nikolai Vsevolodovich Stavrogin, one of the protogonists in The Possessed by Fyodor Dostoievsky. Also see Dostoievsky’s Gli Ossessi (EL. 43, p. 57).

4. Ye te…: ‘Images cognizable by the mind that are uncognized and formerly uncognized, you do not cognize and it does not occur to you : “Let me cognize”…’ Sa¬åyatana Saµy., Måluπkyaputta Sutta—S.xxxv.95/iv,7273.

5. figé en en-soi: ‘Fixed in in-itself.’

6. someone else: It is with Ven. Mahå-Ko††hita, at Nidåna Saµy., Na¬akalåpa Sutta—S.xii.67/ii,112-115.

7. Il est dans…: ‘In my being there is question of my being.’

[EL. 88] 1. Mais il…: ‘But one must not confound reflexion with introspection.

Introspection tries to grasp and fix the empirical facts. To convert these results into scientific laws an inductive passing over to the general is thereupon necessary. It is, however, another type of reflexion that the phenomenologist makes use of: one that tries to grasp the essences. That means that it starts by placing itself straghtaway on the ground of the universal. To be sure, it operates on examples.’

2. la seule…: ‘The only way of existence for a consciousness is to have consciousness of its existence.’ L’Imagination, p. 126.

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3. C’est bien…: ‘It is, indeed, with consideration to the reflexive character of classical reasoning that formal logic is defined as the study of the conditions “of the agreement of the mind with itself”.’

4. Ŭavi: from Dhammapada Commentary (DhA iii:261-264); the 5th story in Sukha Vagga in connection with the Dhammapada verse 203—Dhp. xv.7/57: The Buddha saw in his vision that a poor man would attain sotåpatti fruition at the village of Ŭavi. But it happened that on that very day the man lost his cow. When he was looking for the cow, food was being offered to the Buddha and his disciples in the village of Ŭavi.

After the meal, people got ready to listen to the Buddha’s discourse; but the Buddha waited for the young man. When the man found his cow and arrived where the Buddha was, he was tired and hungry, so the Buddha directed the donors to offer food to him. Only when the man had been fed, the Buddha gave a discourse, expounding the Dhamma.

The lay-disciple attained sotåpatti fruition at the end of the discourse.

5. Il est ce qu’il est: ‘It is what it is.’

6. Je suis…: ‘I am what I am not.’

7. Il est ce qu’il n’est pas: ‘It is what it is not.’

[EL. 89] 1. na te va…: ‘Life-determinations are not things to be felt (to be experienced).’ Mahåvedalla Sutta—M.43/i,296.

[EL. 90] 1. tad apati††hitam…: ‘Unestablished and undeveloped consciousness, not having determined, is released; from being released, (there is) endurance….’ Khandha Saµy., Bija Sutta—S.xxii.54/iii,55.

2. Na me hoti…: ‘I was’ is not for me, not for me is ‘I shall be’:

Determinations will un-be: therein what place for sighs?

Pure arising of things, pure series of determinants—

For one who sees this as it is, chieftain, there is no fear.

—Thag. 715-6/71. Cf. ‘Additional Texts, §90’ in NoD, p. 137.

3. kavi: ‘Poet.’

[EL. 91] 1. un type…: ‘a type of privileged experience that puts us immediately in contact with the Law.’ 2. Mais il…: ‘It does not matter much whether the individual fact that serves as support for the essence is real or imaginary. Is the “exemplary” given a pure fiction? From the very fact that it could be imagined, it must

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indeed have realized in itself the sought-for essence, for the essence is the very condition of its possibility.’

3. Natthi so…: ‘There is no monk or divine who knows all, sees all, at once: that is not possible.’ Ka~~akatthala Sutta—M.90/ii,127.

4. usual affair: One of occasional but regular disturbance for Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra was a bank manager from Matara. Lloyds Bank in London was sending a letter to the Bank of Ceylon to get a life certificate in respect of Harold Edward Musson, in order to satisfy himself that he was still extant. This formality was apparently necessary before Lloyds Bank could release a sum of money to Musson in the form of a life annuity (for the purposes of executing the legal dispositions involved in his renunciation of his estate). Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra was refusing any business with money.

5. Netti and Pe†akopadesa translations: The books are included only in the Burmese edition of the Tipi†aka; in the Sinhala and Thai editions they are regarded as para-canonical. Availability of English translations: The Guide (Nettippakarana), Ven. Ñå~amoli, trans. (Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1962); Pitaka Disclosure (Pe†akopadesa), Ven. Ñå~amoli, trans.

(Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1964).

[EL. 92] 1. viññå~aµ…: ‘He regards consciousness as self.’ Uddesavibhanga Sutta— M.138/iii,228.

2. conscience…: ‘The non-thetic [i.e. non-asserting] consciousness (of) itself.’

3. yena…: ‘That by which, in the world, one is a perceiver of the world and a conceiver of the world, that is called ‘world’ in the noble discipline… by the eye, in the world, by the ear… etc.’ Sa¬åyatana Saµy., Lokantagamana Sutta—S.xxxv.116/iv,95. Since the Ven Ñå~av⁄ra is quoting from memory there are small differences in the Sutta text.

4. cakkhuñca…: ‘With eye and forms as conditions there arises eye-consciousness.’ Nidåna Saµy., Loka Sutta—S.xii.44/ii,73.

5. Majjhima ? Sutta: In pencil is written: “M.i,190”—Mahåhatthipadopama Sutta.

6. Iti kåyo…: ‘Thus (there is) the body and externally name-and-matter: thus this is a duality.’ Nidåna Saµy., Bålapa~∂ita Sutta—S.xii.19/ii,24.

Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra is misspelling iccetaµ. It should be itthetaµ. Cf. NoD, nåma.

7. Evaµ kho…: ‘Monk, for one who knows thus and sees thus there are no inclinations to the conceit of ‘I-making’ and ‘mine-making’ in this body with consciousness and externally in all signs.’

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8. yato tvaµ…: ‘Then, Båhiya, you should train thus: ‘In the seen there shall be just the seen; in the heard there shall be just the heard; in the sensed there shall be just the sensed; in the cognized there shall be just the cognized’—thus, Båhiya, should you train yourself. When, Båhiya, for you, in the seen there shall be just the seen…cognized, then, Båhiya, you (will) not (be) that by which (tvaµ na tena); when, Båhiya, you (shall) not (be) that by which, then, Båhiya, you (shall) not (be) in that place (tvaµ na tattha); when, Båhiya, you (shall) not (be) in that place, then, Båhiya, you (will) neither (be) here nor yonder nor between the two: just this is the end of suffering.’ Båhiya Sutta—Ud.i,10/8 and cf.

Sa¬åyatana Saµy., Måluπkyaputta Sutta—S.xxxv.95/iv,73.

For further discussion on Båhiya Sutta see L. 131, CtP. 9. saupådisesanibbånadhåtu: For further discussion on the subject see L. 156, CtP; and Nibbåna and Anattå in StP. [EL. 93] 1. åramma~a: ‘Basis, object.’

[EL. 94] 1. Chayime…: ‘There are, friends, these six bodies of feeling, feeling born of eye-contact, …feeling born of mind-contact.’ Sammådi††hi Sutta— M.9/i,51.

2. yadidaµ…: ‘That is to say, that which is called “heart”, “mind”, “consciousness”….’

3. reference: Sa¬åyatana Saµy.—S.xxxv.116/iv,93.

4. Saññatvå…: ‘Having perceived it occurs (to him): “Thus I was perceiving”.’

5. cattåri…: See EL. 80.

6. upekkhaµ…: ‘When you develop equanimity, Råhula, that which is resistant, that is abandoned.’

7. di††ha…: This paragraph is triple noted and marginally noted: “Strong disapproval here.”

8. Procrustes: also known as Damastes and Polypaemon, is a figure from Greek mythology. He was a son of Poseidon and a bandit from Attica, with a stronghold in the hills outside Eleusis. There, he had an iron bed into which he invited every passerby to lie down. If the guest proved too tall, he would amputate the excess length; victims who were too short were stretched on the rack until they were long enough. Nobody ever fit in the bed because it was secretly adjustable: Procrustes would stretch or shrink it upon sizing his victims from afar.

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9. sak-kåya: Term is used for the five khandhå as a whole.

10. one word indecipherable: Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra’s entry.

[EL. 96a] 1. Geoffrey Dennis was among Osbert Moore’s (later Ven. Ñå~amoli) close friends. Dennis was helpful to Osbert in his early days on the Isle of Man and responsible for his appointment to the BBC. Dennis was dismayed

by Osbert departure for Sri Lanka and was deeply wounded, the more so because he had known nothing of Osbert’s immediate intentions until he read the letter of resignation left on his desk. (Cf. A Sketch of the Life of Ñanamoli Thera (Osbert Moore) by Maurice Cardiff, 1996).

[EL. 98] 1. Duroiselle: Charles Duroiselle wrote A Practical Grammar of the Påli Language in the 1890’s what was probably the first English-language Pali grammar.

2. pseudonym: i.e. ‘A hare will eats oats and a mare will eat oats and a kid will eat ripe oats.’

3. London Observers: These Englishmen are probably Mike Wilson and Arthur C. Clarke.

[EL. 99] 1. Ven. Kheminda Thera was an active Buddhist missionary and author.

In 1934 he and his close friend Ven. Soma Thera, with the help of a Japanese scholar N.R.M. Ehara, translated the Chinese translation of the Vimuttimagga into English, which was published as The Path of Freedom. During Word War II he and Ven. Soma Thera stayed at the Island Hermitage, and later in Vajiråråma, Colombo. Despite suffering from a painful illness he was afflicted since 1963 he participated in missions to India and Germany and continued with writing and translating.

His work was Path, Fruit and Nibbåna.

2. preservation: Meeting of Mahåvihara in Sri Lanka during reign of King Va††agåmani (104-88 B.C.) bhikkhus decided that care of texts and preaching comes before practice of their content (cf. ‘Introduction’ of The Path of Purification by Ven. Ñå~amoli).

[EL. 100] 1. Evola: The Doctrine of Awakening.

2. Vedamahatthaya: Ayurvedic doctor.

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[EL. 102] 1. nihil…: ‘There is nothing in the intellect that was not previously in sensation.’

2. Il se peut…: ‘It may be that in the field of experience one cannot discover any other link between cause and effect than empirical consecutiveness.

But for an experience to be possible it is necessary that a priori principles constitute it.’

3. entre…: ‘…between one sense and another other than empirical association.’

4. V � assåna (Sinh: Vas): Rains. The rainy season, following the four months of the hot season and preceding four months of cold, lasts (in the Ganges Valley area) from July to November. During three of these four months monks are expected to live in one place and not wander about; and thus the Vas is sometimes regarded as a period of retreat.

5. noia: Italian for ‘boredom’ (cp. ennui).

6. Awicchas: This seems to be a species of robin.

[EL. 104] 1. avinipåtadhammå: All eight ariyapuggalå are avinipåtadhammå. Cf. Okkantisaµy.—S.xxv.1ff/iii,244ff and Sotåpattisaµy.—S.lv.1/v,342.

2. Cardinal Manning: From Lytton Strachey’s Eminent Victorians.

3. esprit d’escalier: ‘Staircase-mindedness’, i.e. never to have a ready answer.

[EL. 105] 1. Koestler: Arthur Koestler (1905-1983) was a Jewish-Hungarian, one of the most recognized and outspoken British anti-communists. He wrote numerous books, of which the most famous is the novel Darkness at Noon.

2. Pali Text Society (www.palitext.com) has published all the Sutta and Vinaya texts in both the original Pali (roman-script) and in translation, as well as a Pali-English dictionary and other scholarly aids. [ 27. vi. 1959 ] 1. 27. June marks the date of the Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra Thera achieving sotåpatti or ‘stream-entry’, noble fruit before attaining nibbåna, and he become. thereby, an ariya. See CtP, L. 1.

[EL. 105a] 1. fra me e me: ‘between me and me.’

2. ånañca: It is probably misleading. Cf. viññånañcåyatana (base of endless

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consciousness): viññå~a + añca + åyatana—hence viññå~añca would be correct.

[EL. 108] 1. anger against the Saπgha: This refers to the uproar after the murder of Prime minister Bandaranayaka by a Buddhist monk: As the factional struggle within the Sri Lanka Freedom Party grew, on 25 September 1959, Talduwe Somarama Thero, the secretary of the Buddhist Front, visited the Prime Minister Bandaranaike at his home and shoot him at point blank range. Somarama was injured in the cross fire between himself and the Prime Minister’s bodyguards. The wounded Premier died the following day in the hospital. It was revealed that the assassin was manipulated by former supporters of the Prime Minister, and Somarama had to face trial. The jury unanimously found Somarama guilty of the capital offence. He later converted to Christianity, just weeks prior to being hanged in the gallows.

1960 [EL. 111] 1. Durdans: A private hospital in Colombo.

2. letters to perera family [EL. 112] 1. whatever trade … does not come up to this level of failure: In this translation the meaning is turned upside down. The Pali text was as So yaññadeva va~ijjaµ payojeti, såssa hoti cheda gåmin⁄, which means “whatever trade he undertakes is liable to break in failure” (såssa hoti cheda gåmin⁄).

2. The paragraph has been also published in The Tragic, the Comic and the Personal (Selected Letters of Ñånav⁄ra Thera): Kandy, BPS, p. 1.

[EL. 113] 1. The edited version of the letter has been published in The Tragic, the Comic and the Personal (Selected Letters of Ñånav⁄ra Thera): Kandy, BPS, p. 2-4.

2. pa†ikkamantu bh¨tåni: Cf. Ahi(metta)/Ahinda Sutta—A.IV,7,vii/ii,72.

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3. letter to unknown recipient [EL. 114] 1. The typed carbon of this letter was discovered tucked into a copy of NoD at the Island Hermitage. The date 1956 is hand-written and the name of the recipient is not included.

2. the article on rebirth: Sketch for a Proof of Rebirth.

3. German translation: In 1956 Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra had written an article called A Proof of Rebirth in the Buddha Jayanti magazine, which was published in Colombo to commemorate the 2500th anniversary of Buddhism. Sister Vajirå translated it into German and sent it to Max Ladner in November 1956. He agreed to publish it in the magazine Die Einsicht. However, Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra did not agree with the translation and publication which in the end didn’t take place.

4. Un monsieur … perverse: ‘A man of forty, who feels very accurate colors a to o and u did not i, however, that he understands the severity we can see its white or yellow, but he believes that ‘for the hole-red worm, he would have done wrong and the spirit of perverse imagination.’ From Theodore Flournoy, D � es phénomènes de synopsie (audition colorée), Paris et Genève, 1893, p. 65.

4. letter to family [EL. 115] 1. 19 September: No year, but probably 1951. The letter is written from the Island Hermitage to Mrs. Williamson.

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Glossary

This Glossary contains På¬i, Sanskrit (Sk) and Sinhalese (Sn) words occurring in the book other than those found only in phrases for which translation is provided. The Glossary is arranged according to the På¬i alphabet: a, å, i, ⁄, u, ¨, e, o, k, kh, g, gh, π, c, ch, j, jh, ñ, †, †h, ∂, ∂h, ~, t, th, d, dh, n, p, ph, b, bh, m, y, r, l, ¬, v, s, h, µ.

A akålika — timeless, intemporal. akusala — unskilful. ajjhatta — inside, internal, subjective. (Opp. bahiddhå.) ajjhattakkåyå — internal body. ajjhattikåyatana — internal base. añña — other, another. (Opp. sa.) atakkåvacara — not in the sphere of reason or logic. attavåda — belief in self. attå — self. attåni r¨paµ — (regards) matter as being in self. adukkhamasukha — neither-painnor-pleasure. adhigama-saddhå — confidence due to undergoing. adhivacana — designation. adhivacanasamphassa — designation-contact. an- — without. (prefix) anattå — not-self. ananto åkåsa — infinite space.

anågåm⁄ — non-returner. anicca — impermanent. anupådisesa — without residue. anuloma — with the grain, in conformity. (Opp. pa†iloma.) anulomikåya khantiyå samannågata — endowed with acquiescence in conformity. abbhånakamma — an act of rehabilitation, pertaining to Vinaya. abhijånåti — to recognize. abhidhamma — higher (or extended) Teaching. abhibhåyatana — sense for transcending (form). abhisaπkharoti — (to)determine. abhisaπkhåra = saπkhåra. abhisañcetayati — (to) intend, will. arañña — forest. ara~a — non-conflict. arahat — one who is worthy.

(Usually untranslated.) ariya — noble. (Opp. puthujjana.)

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ariyacakkhu — noble eye. ariyapuggala — noble individual. ariyasåvaka — noble disciple. ar¨pa = åruppa. alaµ — enough. avijjå — nescience. (Opp. vijjå.) avijjåsamphassa — born of contact with nescience. asaπkhata — non-determined. asaññasatta — non-perceptive being. asubha — foul. asubhabhåvanå — meditation on the foul. asekha — non-trainee (i.e. one who has finished his training, = arahat). asmimåna — conceit ‘(I) am. (‘Conceit’, måna, is to be understood as a cross between ‘concept’ and ‘pride’ — almost the French ‘orgueil’ suitably attenuated. Asmi is ‘I am’ without the pronoun, like the Latin ‘sum’; but plain ‘am’ is too weak to render asmi, and ahaµ asmi (‘ergo sum’) is too emphatic to be adequately rendered ‘I am’.) asm⁄’ ti chanda — desire ‘(I) am’.

(See asmimåna.) assåsapassåså — in-&-out-breaths. Å åkåsa — space. ågantuka ku†i — new-comer’s hut. ånåpånasati — mindfulness of breathing. åneñja — immobility, unshakability, imperturbability.

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åpatti — offence. åpatti desanå — confession of faults. åpo — endurance. åyatana — base. åyu — life. åyusaπkhåra — life-determination. åramma~a — act of shunning; basis, object. åruppa — formless, immaterial. åsava — canker, intoxication.

I iddhi — accomplishment; power (usu. Supernormal). idha — here. indriya — faculty. indriyåni vippasannåni — exceptionally clear faculties. iriyåpathas — modes of deportment, i.e. sitting, lying, standing, walking.

U ucchedadi††hi — annihilationistview. (Opp. sassatadi††hi.) uccheda — perishing. ucchedavåda — belief in annihilation. ucchedavådin — one with belief in annihilation. upasampadå — ordination (into the status of bhikkhu). upådåna — holding. upådisesa — residue. upåsaka — male lay-follower. upåsikå — female lay-follower. upekkhå — indifference. uppatti — appearance, arising, rebirth. uppåda — arising.

glossary

E ekaµsa — to arrange the upper robe over one shoulder (the left). Passim ekaµsa vyåkara~⁄ya — to be answered/explained directly. etaµ — this, that.

K ka†hina — annual occasion when the laity supply the cotton cloth to the bhikkhus for the purpose of making robes. kamma — action. kammapatha — world of actions. karu~å — compassion. kasi~a — whole, totality; a contemplation device. kåma — sensuality. kåya — body. kålika — temporal, involving time. ku†i — cottage. kusala — skilful, good.

KH khandha — aggregate, mass, totality.

G gåthå — verses. gilampasa (Sn) — beverages derived from gilåna paccaya (På¬i). gocaravisayo — range-and-sphere.

C cakkhu — eye. cakkhundriya — eye-faculty. cakkhuppåda — arising of the eye

(of knowledge). cakkhumanto — ones who have eyes. cakkhusamphassajå vedanå — arises when the eye comes in contact with an object. caπkamana — path for walking meditation. citta — mind, consciousness, cognition, spirit, heart, purpose, (conscious) experience, &c. (Citta is sometimes synonymous with mano, and sometimes not; it is occasionally equivalent to viññå~a in certain senses.

Related to cetanå, but more general. Its precise meaning must be determined afresh in each new context.) cetanå — intention, volition, will. cetasika — mental. (See citta.)

J jånåti, ñå~a — to cognize, cognition. jarå — ageing, decay. jåti — birth. jhåna — meditation. Ñ ñå~a — knowledge. ˝H †hapan⁄ya — that (which) should be put aside. †hitassa aññathatta/µ — invariance under transformation.

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T takka — reasoning, logic. ta~hå — craving.

Tathågata — (usually untranslated epithet of) the Buddha, (and, by transference, of) an arahat.

Tåvatiµsa — Heaven of the Thirty-Three. tipi†aka — three baskets, i.e. Vinåya, Sutta and Abhidhamma. †⁄kå — sub-commentary. tejo — plasticity (mobility).

TH thera — elder. th¨pa — monument erected over the ashes of an Ariyå.

D dåna — gift, esp. of a meal. dånasålå — a hall for the distribution of alms to the bhikkhus. dåyaka — (male) giver. di††hi — view. (Usually, wrong view.) di††hisampanna — (one) attained to (right) view. (= sotåpanna.) dukka†a — wrong-doing (a category of minor offences in the bhikkhu’s disciplinary rules). dukkha — unpleasure (opp. sukha), pain, suffering. domanassa — grief. dosa — hate. dosakkhaya — destruction of hate. dvayaµ — dyad, duality.

644

dhamma — thing, image, idea, essence, universal, teaching, Teaching, nature, natural law, ethic, ethical law, &c. (cf. the Heraclitan ‘logos’). dhammånupassanå — contemplation of (correct) ideas (of things). dhammånusår⁄ — teachingfollower. (Opp. saddhånusår⁄.) dhåtu — element.

N na — not. nandi — relish, delight. nånakada — (Sin) bathing cloth. nåma — name. nåmar¨pa — name-&-matter. nicca — permanent. nibbåna — extinction. nimitta — sign, object. niyyånika — leading out, leading to salvation. nirodha — ceasing, cessation. nirvåna (Sk) — extinction. n⁄vara~a — hindrance. neti (Sk) — not this.

P paccaya — condition. pajånåti, paññå — to understand, understanding. pañcakkhandhå — five aggregates. pañc’upådånakkhandhå — five holding aggregates. (This needs expansion to be intelligible.) paññå — understanding. pa†igha — resistance. pa†ighasamphassa — resistancecontact.

glossary

pa†icca-sam — dependenttogether. pa†iccasamuppanna — dependently arisen. pa†iccasamuppåda — dependent arising. pa†ipucchåvyåkara~⁄ya — answerable by putting another question. pa†iloma — against the grain.

(Opp. anuloma.) pa†isara~a — shelter, protection. pa†isotagåm⁄ — going against the stream. pa†haviµ maññati — conceives earth. pa†haviµ me ti maññati — conceives ‘earth is mine’. pa†havito maññati — conceives from earth. pa†haviyå maññati — conceives in earth. pa†hav⁄ — rigidity. papañca — dispersion. pabbajita — gone forth. parijånåti — to see completely. pariññå — absolute knowledge. paritassanå — anxiety, anguish, angst. parinibbåna — full extinction. pavåra~å — the ceremony that concludes the vassa. påråjika — defeat. pi~∂apåta — alms-round. puggala — individual. puñña — merit. puthujjana — commoner. (Opp. ariya.) puggala — person. po¬ongå (Sn) — Russell viper.

PH phala — fruit, fruition. pharati — to think about. phassa — contact. pho††habbå — tangibles.

B bala — power, strength. bahiddhå — outside, external, objective. (Opp. ajjhatta.) bahiddhåyatana — external base. båhira — outside. båhiraka — one outside the Buddha’s Dispensation. bojjhaπga — enlightenment factor. bodhi — awakening, enlightenment. bodhisatta — creature pledged to enlightenment. brahmacariya — the life of purity (i.e. celibacy). brahmacår⁄ — one living a pure life.

BH Bhagavå — Auspicious One. bhante — sir (monastic address, junior to senior; seniors address juniors, and equals to equals, as åvuso). bhava — being, existence. bhavaπga — life-continuum. bhavata~hå — craving for existence. bhavata~håparikkhayå — having utterly destroyed craving for being. bhåvanå — development. bhavåråmatå, vibhavåråmatå — delight in being/non-being. bhåvita — developed.

645

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bhikkhu — monk, almsman. bh¨ta — being.

M magga — path. maññati — (to) conceive. (See asmimåna.) maññå~å — conceiving. (See asmimåna.) maññita — imagine. manasikåra — attention. mano — mind. (See citta.) manoviññå~a — mindconsciousness. måpilå (Sn) — krait (Brightly coloured venomous but nonaggressive snake of southeastern Asia and Malay peninsula). mama — mine, of me. mara~a — death. mahåthera — great elder. mahåbh¨ta — great entity. måna — conceit. micchåttåni — wrongness. micchådi††hi — wrong view.

(Opp. sammådi††hi.) m¨la — root. m¨lapariyåya — root of all things. me — mine. (Weaker than mama.) mettå — friendliness. moha — delusion.

Y yoga — yoke; discipline. yogin — one in (meditative) discipline. yoniso — proper. yoniso manasikåra — proper attention.

646

R råga — lust. rukkham¨lasenåsana — tree-root dwelling-place. r¨pa — matter, substance, (visible) form. r¨paµ attato — (regards) matter as self. r¨pavantaµ attånaµ — (regards) self as possessing matter. r¨pasmiµ attånaµ — (regards) self as being in matter.

L lakkha~a — mark, characteristic. loka — world. lokiya — worldly. lokuttara — beyond the world, world-transcending. lobha — lust.

V vac⁄ — speech. vaya — disappearance. vassåna, vassa — rain, rainy season. våyo — change (movement). vicåra — pondering. vijånåti — (to) cognize, be conscious (of). vijjå — science, knowledge. (Opp. avijjå.) vijjåvimutti — deliverance by science. vijjåsamphassa — born of contact with science. viññåna — consciousness, knowing. vicåra — pondering, exploring. vicikicchå — doubt, uncertainty.

glossary

vitakka — thinking, thought. vinaya — discipline, ‘leading out’. vipassanå — insight. vipåka — ripening, result, consequence. vibhajjavyåkara~⁄ya — answerable analytically. vibhava — non-being. vibhavaµ abhinandanti — rejoice at non-being. vibhavata~hå — craving for nonexistence. vimokha — liberation. vedanå — feeling. vohåra — term, way of speech, common usage.

S sa — that, the same. sa- — with. (Prefix.) saupådisesa — with residue. sa-upådisesa-nibbånadhåtu — extinction element with remainder. sakadågåmitå — once-returning. sakadågåm⁄ — once-returner. sakkåya — person, somebody, personality. sakkåyadi††hi — personality-view. saπkappavitakka — purposeful thinking. saπkhata — determined. saπkhatalakkha~a — characteristics of the determined. saπkhåra — determination, determinant. saπkhårasantatim — continuous determination. saπgha — community, order.

sacca — truth. (pl) saccåni. sañcetanå = cetanå. sañjånåti — (to) perceive. saññå — perception, percept. saññåvedayitanirodha — cessation of perception and feeling. saññita — name, so-called. såti — mindfulness, recollection, memory. satipa††hånå — foundations of mindfulness. satisampajañña — mindfulness&-awareness. satta — creature, sentient being. saddhå — faith, confidence, trust. saddhånusår⁄ — faith-follower.

(Opp. dhammånusår⁄.) saddhåvimutta — released through faith. saddhindriya — faculty of faith. samatha — calmness; mental concentration. samådhi — concentration. samåpatti — attainment. samphassa = phassa. sambuddha — awakened. sammatta — rightness. sammå — full; right. sammådi††hi — right view. (Opp. micchådi††hi.) sammåsati — right mindfulness. sammåsamådhi — right concentration. sammoha — bewilderment, confusion. sassatadi††hi — eternalist-view.

(Opp. ucchedadi††hi.) sa¬åyatana — six bases. sassata — eternal.

647

seeking the path

sassatavåda — eternalist belief. saha — with. saµsåra — running on (from existence to existence).

Såsana — advice; used today in the sense of ‘the Buddha’s Dispensation’. s⁄la — virtue, (right) conduct. s⁄labbataparåmåsa — attachment to conduct and custom. sukha — pleasure. (Opp. dukkha.) sekha — one in training, (self-) trainer.

648

so (see sa). sotåpatti — attaining of the stream. sotåpanna — stream-attainer.

H hitånukampå — beneficial compassion. huraµ — yonder, beyond. hetu — condition. (= paccaya)

Index

A Abhidhamma 5, 382 Abhidhamma Pi†aka 164, 222, 279, 381, 384, 386, 393 absence 19, 27, 32, 37-40, 42, 45, 58f, 67, 96, 116, 127, 172, 205, 211, 233, 250, 263, 311, 315 absent 26, 33ff, 42, 45, 62, 71, 92, 94, 96f, 107, 116, 136, 141, 174, 185f, 199, 205ff, 211, 220, 235, 240f, 249, 254, 260, 263, 266, 316 absent field 26, 33, 35, 38f, 45, 71, 116 absent object 38, 136, 174, 266 absolute 50, 52f, 59, 62f, 70, 84, 86, 108, 111, 117f, 122-134, 137, 139, 143-145, 153, 170, 177f, 181, 186, 203, 221, 231, 242f, 246, 255, 285 objectivity 31 repetition 118 size 109-111, 123, 139 system 400 abstraction 398, 443, 446, 452, 457f, 464, 465 and concrete 430, 432, 464 acceleration 43, 129, 136, 142-147, 150-153, 242 accelerator 145 action 351, 357, 364f, 404, 427-432, 440, 461f, 464, 508, 522, 526f, 532f, 534, 537, 565, 579f, 593 advaita vedanta 93, 327, 329 ageing 146f, 308 aggregates (khandhå) 19, 332-334, 339 agriculture 12 ajjhattika bahiddhå 278f

ambiguity 177, 178, 182, 183, 192, 194, 199, 202, 203, 215 Americans and Russians 131 anattå 7-10, 14-16, 19, 219, 384, 387, 434, 438, 537, 579, 593 see also Nibbåna and Anattå ånåpånasati 311f, 605-607 anger 56, 162, 311f, 312f, 385, 605 against the Sangha 305 angst 203 anicca 8-10, 341f, 383 annihilation 28, 30, 88, 250, 356 another 97f anthropologic 21 anticommutation 120-122 antimatter 140 anulomikåya khantiyå samannågato 517 anxiety 327, 408, 497f, 504-507, 513 being anxious 388, 497f, 504, 506, 513 appearance 12, 33, 39f, 49, 54, 58, 64, 66, 98, 104, 108, 117, 129, 130, 147, 153, 169, 173, 184f, 196, 202, 206, 226, 228, 250, 254, 440, 452f, 455-457, 577, 584 see also Bradley, F.H., Appearance and Reality appearance-&-reality 443 Reality behind Appearance 427 ultimate reality’ behind appearances 476 see also Bradley, F.H., Appearance and Reality appearing 220 ara~a 161f arahat 3, 6, 9f, 15, 59, 61, 227, 246-

649

seeking the path 252, 258, 261, 263, 268, 276, 279, 283, 292, 297, 304, 322f-327, 377f, 379, 381, 387, 413, 438, 495, 502, 504, 507f, 529f, 536f, 582 arañña 21 argument by analogy 72f, 94, 130, 197, 204, 216, 222 A Sentimental Journey 72 Ashby, Ross 119, 144, 243, 288, 347, 393f assertion 234, 241 assumption 109, 111ff, 118f, 139, 149, 164, 186, 201, 215, 221ff, 226, 229f, 246, 272, 304 atheism 85, 132, 411 atomic physic 71 attå 7-10, 19, 71, 186, 251, 260, 262264, 278f, 283, 285, 289, 292, 384, 387, 524, 527, 529f, 580f, 593, 603 attå ca loko ca 478, 523 see also Nibbåna and Anattå and self attention 6, 27, 33-35, 37-40, 47, 54f, 57-59, 61f, 66-69, 77, 87, 98, 123f, 129, 151, 153, 158, 166f, 170f, 174f, 193, 223, 235, 244, 268, 290, 389f, 420, 476, 517, 594, 606 autrui 28f, 65, 73f avijå, see ignorance awareness 107, 126, 202 Axiom of Reducibility 228f, 235 B Bachelard, Gaston La Terre et les Rêveries de la Volonté 413 La Terre et les Rêveries du Repos 413f bad 126 bad faith 131 bad kamma 309f bahiddhyatana 8, 61 Båhiya 260f, 272, 602f Balfour, Gerald William, A Study of the Psychological Aspects of Mrs

650

Willett’s Mediumship, and of the Statements of the Communicators Concerning Process 414-427 Battaglini 84, 94 Beauvoir, Simone de 439, 597f Pour une morale de l’ambiguité 427-434 becoming 140, 183, 194 behaviour 350-352, 357 being 56, 71, 78, 96, 100, 140, 146f, 181, 185, 192, 196, 199, 202, 207, 212, 220, 222f, 247, 273, 345, 347, 352ff, 360, 365, 371f, 397, 402, 427, 436, 438, 450, 452, 475, 489524, 574, 548-566, 567, 584 being-towards-death 510, 513 being-towards-the-end 503 belly bhåvanå 253, 257 Bergson 149, 241 Berkeley 132, 186, 199, 205-207, 225, 236f Berval, René de (direction), Presence du Bouddhisme 434-436 Bhante 25 Bhante’s monument 35, 60f bhava 19, 26, 184, 199, 203f, 224, 226, 232f, 252, 261f, 286, 391, 427, 580 see also being bhavata~hå 391, 422, 436, 494, 499, 508 see also bhava and craving bhåvanå, see meditation bhiraka 10 birth 390, 393, 501, 559 Blackham, H.J., Six Existentialist Thinkers 436-440, 549, 555, 558 bodhisatta 384f body 402, 447 as object 6 act 61 boredom 93, 104, 135, 298 both(s) 189f, 195, 206f both/neither 187, 189f, 206f Bradley, F.H. 185F, 188, 191

index Appearance and Reality 440-450 The Principles of Logic 450-486 brahmacari 607 brahmavihåra 605-607 Broad 398 Buddha 6f, 10, 12, 17, 31, 39, 41, 45, 107, 126, 137, 150, 162, 227, 250, 255, 265, 271f, 275, 280, 283, 286, 290, 293, 302f, 306, 309- 311, 316, 384-387, 421 Buddha Jayanti 16 Buddhaghosa 521, 609f see also Visuddhimagga Buddhism 132, 257, 301 Buddhist 5, 13f, 17, 21, 35, 126, 142, 148, 152, 261, 282, 285, 300f, 303, 315, 404 Buddhist Dictionary 35 buffalo 298 Bundala 22f, 25, 36, 125, 148, 150, 307f Burma 5, 16, 17 C caπkamana 3f, 20f, 36, 175, 218, 232, 294 Camus, Albert 28-30, 56f, 88, 95, 108, 116f, 132, 136f, 154, 162, 285, 308, 397 L’homme révolté 486f care 499f Cartesian 346 catupa†sambhidå 599 cave 20f, 109 centipede 304 certainty 46, 53, 59, 62f, 119, 137, 176f, 195, 206, 215f, 223, 225, 240 cetanå 276 Ceylon 5, 13f, 17, 60, 99, 109, 142, 161, 218, 266, 285, 292, 305f change 23, 36, 39f, 42f, 47-50, 55, 61, 65f, 68, 74, 91f, 98, 104, 112, 115f, 128f, 135, 140, 143, 146f, 151, 154, 185, 191, 212, 225f, 232f, 245f, 250f, 258, 303, 353-355, 358f, 361,

363, 365, 367f of colour 43, 68 chaos 137 cheese transformation 108 choice 165, 187, 230, 360, 365, 367372, 391, 432, 439, 461f, 499, 506, 514, 521-523 Christianity 56f, 104, 132, 137, 149 Christian 17, 56f, 75, 85, 104, 126, 132f, 137, 149, 257, 301 circumstances 351f cistern 218, 245, 247, 285, 292, 294 citizenship 14, 17 citta 52, 251, 269, 270, 274-276, 293, 300 classes 228 Classical Theory 149 clinging 9, 17, 19, 110, 236, 267 C.O.D. (Concise Oxford Dictionary) 85, 223, 285, 293 cogito 53, 132, 159, 168, 180, 181, 198, 200, 211, 215, 223, 224, 225, 227, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 346 cognition 19, 52, 236, 291, 361 Colombo 16, 20, 25, 77, 88, 92f, 95, 99, 101f, 149, 307 colour 36f, 43, 67f, 98, 109, 134, 170172, 175, 193, 259, 265, 266, 316, 364, 400, 402 and extension 175 dimensions 37 comic 69, 74f, 77, 115, 139, 278, 283f, 288, 293f, 403 commentaries 6, 119, 250, 261, 275, 279, 281f, 285, 293f, 299, 384-386, 393, 521 common-sense 345-367, 411, 446, 483, 487, 508, 510, 547, 570 communication 69, 73, 93, 203f, 216f, 226, 234, 416f, 422, 424f, 495, 599f of a certainty 216 Communism 30, 70f, 126, 132, 162, 306, 313

651

seeking the path commutation 33, 120-123, 202 company 71, 311, 313 compass 97 complex quantity 113f conceiving 400 conceit 372, 507f conceit ‘I am’ 386, 437, 507f, 582 concentration 388 concrete 574 and abstract 430, 432, 464 conics 83, 89, 100, 102, 118, 137, 182, 196f, 217, 230f Confessions of St. Augustine 579 Connolly, Cyril 14 consciousness (viññå~a) 8f, 12, 26, 52-55, 63, 88, 119, 127, 129, 136, 150, 152f, 159f, 166f, 176, 179, 195, 199f, 222, 224-226, 232, 235f, 238, 240f, 245, 250, 258, 262-264, 267, 269f, 279, 291, 293, 304, 312, 360, 368-372, 390, 392f, 395f, 438f as self 258 growth of 232 observation by 362 see also contact (phassa) 6f, 12, 52, 55, 61, 67, 76, 84, 100, 125f, 165, 167, 174, 184, 226, 236, 252, 257, 259, 264ff, 289, 296, 302 continuity 42, 51, 62f, 65, 72 continuous movement 61f contradiction 11, 110, 118f, 132f, 164, 176f, 187, 189, 209, 213, 245f, 251, 278, 289, 363, 403, 411, 456, 463, 486f, 511, 552, 562, 569, 595, 603 self-contradiction 443, 445, 450, 468, 476, 478, 486 principles of contradiction 488 conviction 388 co-ordinates 79-81 coordinate system 143f, 147 Copernicus, Nicolaus 63 craving (ta~hå) 96, 105, 110f, 338, 358, 362, 390, 396, 535 culture 21

652

C.U.P. (Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments) 56, 200, 204, 400f, 403f, 417, 429, 433, 452, 457, 463, 482, 489f, 495, 509, 514f, 516-518, 550, 553f, 558, 598 see also Kierkegaard D Dahlke 21 Dasein 437, 489f, 492-515, 557 death 15, 28, 30, 51, 88, 95, 146f, 162, 207, 246, 248-250, 317, 390f, 393, 395f, 432, 434, 437, 448, 495f, 501505, 509-514, 518, 561 deceleration 145 decision 50-52, 54, 63, 201, 214 deduction 168f, 176f, 179-181, 184, 187, 213f, 219, 255, 313 deductive logic 179,182 deductive proposition 199 deer 20, 298 deism 85 democracy 71 depersonalized 63, 223-225, 237 dependent arising 390-392, 593 see also pa†iccasamuppåda Descartes, René 132, 159, 168, 225, 237, 243 description 184, 224, 234f determinacy 163f determination 34, 92, 95, 132, 163, 206, 226, 255, 269, 270, 276, 290f see also saπkhårå determinism 35, 52, 70, 102, 183f dhamma 6-8, 10-13, 19, 33, 41, 49f, 69, 233, 236, 247, 255, 265, 273f, 286-292, 295-297, 330-342, 386, 389, 394, 403, 477, 501, 539, 600 Dhamma 6, 18, 21, 85, 107, 133, 138, 182, 203, 236, 268, 273, 280, 281, 283, 284, 285, 308, 315, 384 Synthesis 18 dhammånusår⁄ 297, 299 dialectic 54f, 60, 64, 69, 73f, 77, 93,

index 97f, 107, 114f, 118f, 130, 147, 151, 199-204, 291, 304 Dias, N.Q. 101 dictionary 85, 285, 293, 306 Diderot, Denis 69 Dighånakha 126 di††hi 258 dimension 26f, 33-37, 45, 49, 50, 81f, 88-91, 98, 102, 105, 107, 109f, 130f, 134f, 138, 146, 173f, 231 objective dimension 91, 102 dimensional space 107, 110 dimensions colour 36f, 67, 109 Dimensions of Time 25 Diogenes 64 Dirac, P.A.M. 24, 99, 109, 111f, 114116, 118f, 122f, 126f, 130, 133, 138, 141, 149, 174, 185, 188, 215 on assumption 109f The Principles of Quantum Mechanic 487-489 Dirac’s symbols 398 direction 49, 67-69, 73, 82, 90, 92, 102, 104, 143-167, 190, 235, 268 disagreement 385f discontinuity 31, 51, 58, 61-65, 151 dodos 212, 228 dog 134 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 57, 60, 219, 257, 277 doubt 356 dream 87, 93, 164, 193, 419 duality 52, 79, 85f, 88, 107, 110, 113f, 154, 167, 211, 220, 242f, 274f, 283 dukkhå 8, 10 see also suffering duration 390, 442f, 476, 546, 593 Duroiselle 283f dåyaka 20f, 148, 232 E Eddington 23-26, 30-32, 35f, 39, 47, 56, 68, 76f, 90, 98f, 104, 111f, 117-119, 128, 130, 138, 143, 153,

157f, 168, 173f, 200, 209, 231, 306, 394, 398 EF-operators 47, 75, 77, 88, 173f, 211 EF structure 77 effort 388, 594 Eightfold Path 203 Einstein, Albert 50, 119, 142-144, 596 either/or 189 Either/Or 100, 126, 188, 195, 215 Eleatics 62, 64 electron 30f, 46f, 51, 58, 63, 98, 104, 110-112, 118, 130, 138f, 157, 175, 229, 399, 408 elephant 182, 253, 257, 262, 298, 305, 307 Eliot, T.S. 69, 194, 287 Encyclopædia Britannica 437, 597 endurance 48-50, 54 England 14f, 57, 148, 161, 218, 283, 298, 300 en-soi pur 31f, 47, 55, 95, 137, 164, 438, 563 E-operator 25, 30, 32, 36, 39-41, 4345, 90, 92, 114 esse est percipi 132, 186, 198, 205f, 225, 236 essence 33f, 39, 42f, 45-49, 58, 127, 152, 178, 184, 196, 200, 202, 220, 222f, 236, 238f, 255, 274, 276, 290, 405, 550 establishment 161f eternity 403, 408, 448f, 504, 510f, 524 ethics 126 être 55, 201, 220, 225, 247 Euclid 229f, 256f Europe 13, 72, 99, 315 Evola, Julius 15, 21, 288 Excluded Middle 187f, 463f, 567, 571 existence 12, 26, 28, 33f, 38f, 42f, 4549, 51, 54, 60-63, 66f, 70f, 75f, 84, 88f, 92-98, 100, 109f, 112, 116f, 123, 128-131, 134, 140, 146, 150, 152, 154, 162, 165, 167, 178, 183188, 194, 196, 199f, 202-207, 211f,

653

seeking the path 215, 217, 222f, 225f, 228, 234, 236f, 239, 242, 246f, 250, 258f, 262, 267, 269, 271, 278-290, 299, 302f, 315, 354, 358, 382, 405, 408, 410, 422, 430, 437f, 445-454, 457, 461, 483-485, 490, 509f, 513, 520, 547, 553, 567-569 and acceleration 146f Christ’s existence 516 existentialism 346, 437, 599 existential 45, 47, 50f, 56, 59, 62f, 67, 70, 93, 96f, 110, 115f, 126, 131, 153f, 180, 196, 201-203, 206, 211, 216, 222-225, 230-303 certainty 62 hierarchy 50 realization 70 experience 9-11, 23f, 30f, 36, 38-41, 43-45, 51-53, 58, 63, 65, 67, 70, 72-74, 91, 93, 105, 115-117, 128, 130, 135f, 145, 149-153, 167, 170172, 192, 194f, 217, 219, 226, 235, 238-240, 244, 246, 258, 265, 296, 300, 315, 351, 353f, 356f, 360, 363 is hierarchical 31 present 355 reflexive 41, 43f, 235, 238ff unreflexive 40ff extension 36, 40, 45, 54, 67f, 68, 98, 134, 144, 170-172, 175, 367, 402, 440-442 Extinction Element with/without Reminder, see Nibbåna and Anattå Extra Sensory Perception 35, 52, 164 eye, the 8, 61F, 64, 73, 118, 122, 163, 169-171, 175, 184, 186, 195, 222, 245, 259, 260, 299, 402, 411, 451, 470, 525f, 593, 603 F faith 203, 301, 356 family 317 feeling 7, 9, 39, 71, 78, 98, 109, 125f, 158, 166f, 175, 226, 250, 268, 270, 300, 315, 358, 363, 395, 409

654

field(s) 23, 26, 33-39, 45, 47, 49f, 54, 61, 84, 92, 115f, 123, 142, 170f, 174, 220f, 224, 245, 264, 285, 359361, 363-371 finity 225, 256f five-sense-experience 11 flux 394, 450, 454, 520, 546 foolishness 315 forgetting 27, 51, 183, 195 foundation stone for the ku†i 22 frame of reference 144, 147 Freud, Sigmund 28, 88, 193, 203, 402 fundamental structure 49, 71, 117, 151, 217, 243, 312 funeral 25, 27 future 9, 11, 58f, 62, 69, 72, 140, 159f, 163f, 177, 220, 226f, 235, 254, 286, 292, 347, 355f, 358 G ganja 309 gecko 93, 218f, 300 generality 33, 35, 40, 47, 58, 66, 96, 138, 154, 160, 165f, 176, 189, 248, 315, 346, 353-355, 358, 360f-362 see also particularity gestalt 91 Gibbon 85, 287, 297 giddiness 51, 139, 141, 146, 192-194, 203 Gli Ossessi 57, 404 God 53, 5f, 60, 70, 85, 95, 100, 107, 126f, 130, 132f, 137, 140, 149, 160, 174, 196, 199, 205, 219, 221, 245, 301, 401, 411, 423 good 126 government 71, 115, 148, 245 gratitude 385 gratuitous 28, 58, 70, 74, 111, 117, 119, 133, 246-252, 258, 275 gratuity 248-250 gravity 142-146 guilt 437, 506-512, 552f

index H habit 350-353, 359 Hambantota 15, 18, 21, 27, 148, 285, 316 heathen 142 Hegel 189, 278, 283f Heidegger, Martin 28, 76, 437f Being and Time 489-516 Heisenberg, Werner 23, 30f, 35f, 40, 46, 53, 66, 69, 116, 131 hierarchy 24, 30f, 38f, 46, 50, 55, 57, 63, 86, 96, 100, 108, 110f, 113f, 116, 118, 125, 130, 136, 140, 147, 150, 152f, 159f, 165f, 167, 174-179, 183, 192, 205, 207, 226, 240-242, 246-248, 304, 316, 353-355, 359, 360f, 363, 365, 396, 408, 491, 500, 549, 563, 594 essential hierarchy 50 Hindu 152, 162, 404 holding (upådåna) 110, 201, 226, 252 homogeneous materia 31, 40, 150, 152 Horner, I.B. 316 hospital 308 humanism 70, 132, 440 humanity 70f, 88, 93, 132, 313, 400, 597 Human Knowledge 169 Hume 132, 202, 214, 296, 300f humility 404 Husserl 76f, 88, 150, 238-240, 243f, 252, 254f, 300 time 159 I idea(s) 7, 9, 12f, 18f, 41, 56, 69, 95, 107, 122, 128, 133, 139, 186, 196f, 236f, 245, 249, 259, 264f, 268, 273f, 289-291, 296 idealism 186f idealist(s) 185-189, 191, 198, 220 identification 43, 125, 131, 134, 150, 184, 225-227, 274, 279, 289, 292 identity 42, 81f, 155, 178, 183-185,

187, 189, 191, 200, 220, 222, 225ff, 241, 292, 406, 434, 438, 442, 451, 459, 467f, 471f, 474, 524, 541, 552, 573, 580 Law of Identity 549 principle of Identity 462, 488, 566f, 570f idiots 387 ignorance (avijjå) 7, 19, 51f, 65, 74f, 110, 131, 199, 202, 226f, 247, 251f, 261, 298, 304, 349, 372, 388f, 422f, 426f, 436, 451f, 483, 488, 507, 529, 541, 569, 593 illustration by analogy 73 imaginary thing 27 imagining 386, 395f, 426, 451f, 471, 480, 483, 534 see also Sartre, Jean-Paul, L’imaginaire, psychologie phenomenologique de l’imagination and L’imagination immediacy 135, 150, 195, 226, 243, 246 immediate 38, 74, 89, 110, 126, 131, 135, 141, 153, 159f, 165-168, 180, 195, 201, 205, 208, 225, 238, 244, 266, 287, 303, 305, 308 experience 468, 472, 505, 572, 594 hierarchy 165 impatience 39 impurity 104 indetermency 120, 359 indetermination 163 individual 423-427, 447, 452, 462, 465, 480f, 484, 498, 504, 558, 567572 induction 168f, 176, 179, 180f, 187, 241, 254, 255, 301 infinite reflexive regression 242 infinite regression 44, 227, 242f infinity 38f, 49, 54f, 57, 87, 97, 104, 108, 111, 113, 117, 133, 137, 139f, 144, 153, 177, 225, 230, 238, 242, 256, 257, 303 integral 129f, 133f, 153

655

seeking the path integration 129, 133, 135, 139 intellectual 15 intensity 18, 53, 127-131, 134-136, 155, 165, 232 intentionality 43, 52f, 61f, 65, 92, 98, 118, 131, 137, 158, 166f, 245, 251, 269, 272f, 276, 286, 296, 351-353, 357, 362, 364f, 369, 372, 394, 445, 461, 484, 491f, 533-535, 563, 594 see also cetanå interpretation 381, 389, 495 introduction 278-280 invariant of transformation 154, 182, 185, 189, 203, 233, 235, 245, 248 invariant under transformations 185 Irish 142 Island Hermitage 4, 13f, 21, 61, 65, 92, 140, 148, 164, 185, 226, 261, 307, 315 isolation (existential) 385, 597 J Jacques le Fataliste 69 James, William 598 Jayatileka 107 Jeans 93 jåhna 16f, 54, 109, 268, 273, 290, 300, 311, 313 Jesus 385, 532 Joyce, James 76, 217, 287 judgement 74, 165, 450-452, 458, 464, 473, 480 Judge 411 Judge William 126, 132, 245 jungle 4 justification 439 juxtaposed 260 K Kafka, Franz 132 Kassapa Thera 13, 28, 108 ka†hina 147, 244 kamma 36, 250-252, 262, 270, 285, 304, 310

656

good kamma 310 vipåka 126, 381 see also action Kandy 77, 141, 277 Kant, Immanuel 222, 233, 296, 300, 395, 500, 576 Karu 28 karu~a 28 kasi~a 54f Kierkegaard, Søren 56, 60, 64, 6971, 73, 75f, 85, 95, 99, 104, 107, 112, 117-118, 126, 130, 132f, 137, 140, 150, 174, 188, 200f, 204, 215f, 278, 301, 303, 400f, 403f, 406, 408, 437 see also C.U.P. (Concluding Unscientific Postscript) knowledge 438 Koestler, Arthur 302f Korzybski, Alfred 10, 12, 76 ku†i 3, 23, 27f, 149, 152, 218f, 253, 257, 262, 301, 305, 307 Kummer 56, 77f, 83f, 86-90, 93-102, 107, 110-114, 118-119, 122f, 126129, 134, 136f, 139, 149f, 153, 158, 163, 168f, 171, 174, 176, 178, 181f, 184f, 188, 191, 196f, 209, 211, 217, 230f, 235, 240-243, 245-249, 258, 266, 409 Kummer’s (Quartic) Surface 56, 77f, 83f, 95-97, 100 Existential Kummer Surface 96 L La Nausée 57, 70, 75, 132 Lavelle, M. Louis 132, 136, 140f, 149 Introduction à l’ontologie 518f law of entropy 93, 104 law of identity 191 law(s) of thought 181, 187, 188, 191, 195, 198f, 206-209, 211f, 217, 221, 224, 229, 238, 240f, 245 Le Mythe de Sisyphe 29, 88, 108, 140 L’Étranger 116, 119 L’Être et le Néant 28f, 32, 55, 75f, 88,

index 95, 132, 159, 187, 201, 226, 251, 258, 289, 298 L’Existentialisme est un Humanisme 132 L’Homme Révolté 25, 28f life 249, 391 L’Imaginaire 64, 94, 159, 258, 289 L’Imagination 238 line 12, 63f, 76, 78-84, 87f, 91, 94, 97f, 107, 112, 117f, 121, 128, 133f, 137, 140, 142, 145, 147, 149, 151, 154-156, 173f, 183f, 243, 256 linear complex 79-82 operation 114 line geometry 78, 81f, 87f, 127, 133, 149, 256 livestock 4f Lobatschewsky, Nikolai Ivanovich 229, 256f Locke, John 132 logic 31, 46, 52, 54, 62, 72-74, 76, 93, 98, 107-109, 115, 149, 164, 169, 176f, 179-182, 184-186, 188f, 191f, 196, 198f, 201f, 204, 206-208, 211217, 220-224, 228-230, 234f, 237, 240f, 243, 254, 268, 289, 290, 302, 331f, 350, 355, 384, 411, 427, 434, 453, 460, 463, 465, 471, 476, 484, 521, 523, 546f, mathematical and idealist 185 see also Stebbing Lokanåtha 16 Lounsberry 171 love 312 fall in love 312 Lowrie, Walter 132 M magnet 142 mahåbh¨ta 8, 31, 40, 50, 54, 109, 112, 167, 171-173, 266 maññanå 41, 51, 59, 258f, 261, 265 mano 41, 264f, 270, 285, 289, 293, 295f, 302f Marcel, Gabriel 436, 598

materialist 88, 115, 357 mathematics 38-41, 43-45, 50, 77f, 81, 84, 89, 93, 100, 104, 111, 113, 119, 127, 130, 143f, 150, 154, 176, 184f, 191, 200, 212-215, 217, 223f, 228f, 238, 243, 280, 288 matter 9, 12, 30, 49, 54f, 59, 88, 94, 104, 115, 136f, 140, 142, 152, 160, 162, 166, 169, 173f, 179, 213, 215, 232, 234, 237-240, 254, 257, 259, 261f, 266, 270, 273, 280, 282, 289293, 296f, 299, 308, 312, 389, 395, 411, 451, 487, 492 mauvaise foi 72, 99, 113, 131, 176, 183, 201, 204, 215f, 225, 228-230, 245, 254, 304 measure 42, 53f, 115, 187, 215, 250, 266, 304 meditation ( 7, 11f, 15f, 128, 142, 253, 257, 261, 264, 267, 274, 285, 300, 308, 313 memory 11, 29, 58, 60f, 71, 160, 165, 184, 259f, 265, 300, 350, 365, 389, 420 mentality-materiality 270, 274f see also name-and-form metaphysics 382 methodologic 504, 506 mettå 297, 311-313, 535, 605-609 mettå bhåvanå 313 Milindapañha 378-381, 581 mindfulness (sati) 16, 29, 71, 126, 150, 388 Minkowski 99 misunderstanding 33 M¨lapariyåya Sutta 14, 31, 41, 44-47, 51, 102, 109, 258f, 261, 268, 400, 530 monkey 286, 305 mood 442, 494f, 506 Moore, Prof. 220 mother of Ven. Ñå~av⁄ra 291, 317 motion 10, 12, 31, 40, 43, 58f, 62-76, 68f, 71f, 74f, 138, 142-147, 150f, 171, 173, 203

657

seeking the path constant 145 freezing 74 orders of absence 58 smooth motion 151 movement(s) 40-42, 47-50, 54-56, 59-62, 64-68, 72-74, 105, 146, 154, 160, 170f, 175, 184, 225, 277, 403, 476, 580, 586 is pour autrui 73 and Sartre 55 of a taste 67 of attention 66 murder 5, 139 Murti, T.R.V., The Central Philosophy of Buddhism 520 mystical 128, 140, 150, 159, 168, 172, 176, 312 N Ña~åmoli Bhikkhu 3, 143, 183, 198, 219, 276, 303 The Path of Purification 521, see also Buddhaghosa and Visuddhi­ magga Ña~åtiloka Mahathera 16 nåma-r¨pa, see name-and-form name-and-form (nåma-r¨pa) 392, 394, 506f, 536, 582, 584, 594, 603 nature 7f, 46-48, 50, 58, 113, 128, 133f, 145-147, 152, 193, 202, 221, 235-237, 239, 243, 280, 288, 290, 304, 350, 352, 354f, 359 Ñå~aloka Thera 219, 233, 261, 297 Ñå~av⁄ra Thera 84, 143, 264, 295 Narada Thera 13, 15, 27, 107 Nayaka Thera 164 nausea 51, 70f, 139 néant 27, 34, 52, 55, 165 Necessity or Gratuity 248-250 negative 40, 51, 77f, 84, 86f, 92, 97f, 107-109, 112f, 117f, 120, 122, 124, 128-130, 132-134, 136, 138-140, 153, 163, 165, 171, 174, 177, 181, 186-189, 196, 201, 207, 211, 214, 217, 220, 223, 228f, 232, 235, 240-

658

242, 246, 249, 259, 263, 266, 274, 291, 304, 307, 321 absolute negative 84, 86, 108, 117f, 122, 129, 134 true negative 84, 86, 108, 117, 129, 134 neither 195, 189 nervous system 410, 541 nescience (avijjå), see ignorance Netti 5, 257, 262, 264, 267, 270, 272274, 276, 278f, 282-284, 286-289, 293, 296 Neumann, K.E. 395 neurologist 357 New Pathways in Science 25, 30 Newton, Sir Isaac 142f, 151, 231 nibbåna 6, 10, 15f, 19, 109, 277, 302, 345, 382ff, 407, 413, 524, 535ff, 582, 593, 605 Nibbåna is Anattå 14ff, 19, see also Nibbåna and Anattå Nibbåna and Anattå 321-342 Nietzsche, Friedrich 75, 397, 513, 518, 545 nåma 52, 146, 152f, 166f, 173, 175f, 179, 181, 194f, 229, 235f, 243f, 258-261, 264f, 270, 289, 291, 296 see also name-and-form Nobel Prize 162 Notes on Dhamma (NoD) 478 a note on pa†iccasamuppåda 486 atakkåvacara 507 attå 423, 478, 512, 529 cetanå 501, 529, 530 dhamma 490, 539 fundamentas structure (fs) 457, 461, 481, 482, 485, 491 kamma 502, 540 mama 506 mano 457, 534, 539 nåma 420, 584 pa†iccasamuppåda 463 paramattha sacca 426 phassa 495

index preface 400, 498, 515, 529 r¨pa 423, 492, 536 sakkåya 423, 504, 530, 533 saπkhåra 533 saññå 497, 535 nothing 321 Nowell-Smith, P.H., Ethics 521-523 Nyanaponika Thera 15, 19, 253, 264, 293f The Discourse on the Snake Simile 523f O object 27f, 30, 33ff, 38, 40-47, 50-54, 58f, 61, 63, 65f, 68, 70f, 73, 76f, 84, 86, 88, 91-93, 95, 98, 102, 104f, 107, 109-111, 114, 116f, 119, 124131, 134-137, 142-147, 150-153, 155, 157, 160, 164-167, 170-174, 176f, 179, 183-187, 194, 197, 203, 205, 221f, 226, 231f, 235-244, 246, 248f, 251f, 255, 258-260, 262-264, 266, 268-270, 273, 279, 283, 289292, 296, 304 body as object 6 objective 8, 46f, 51f, 54, 70f, 76f, 91ff, 95, 102, 105, 107, 109f, 119, 125f, 135, 142ff, 151f, 166f, 173, 176, 183ff, 221f, 231, 258, 262, 269, 279 objective dimension see dimension observer 12, 33, 43, 50f, 56, 85, 97, 111, 125, 144, 147, 186, 215, 286, 400f, 487 observation 361f Ogden, K.C. & Richards, I.A., The Meaning of Meaning 524-527 Oltramare, Paul, L’Histoire des idées théosophique dans l’Inde 527f ontic 490, 492, 501 ontology 31, 35, 77, 99f, 125, 132, 199f, 225, 245, 247f, 286, 329, 346f, 355, 395, 438, 489-492, 494f, 499-501, 504, 507, 510-512, 552, 555

operation 36, 39, 41ff, 84, 98, 101f, 104ff, 112, 117f, 120f, 123, 128ff, 137 of transforming 106 operator 30, 32ff, 34, 36f, 39ff, 51, 58, 61, 75, 77, 88, 90ff, 97f, 101, 105, 109, 114, 120, 124, 127ff, 134f, 154, 157f, 173f, 182, 184, 209, 211, 231 opium 309 orientation 23f, 41, 69, 73, 91, 116, 144f, 160, 187, 258ff, 365 oscillation 157, 160, 170, 172, 175, 177, 184, 195 overdetermined 163f, 177 P pa†iccasamuppåda 21f, 28, 43, 65, 110, 112, 169, 224ff, 236, 242, 247, 249ff, 261, 271, 302, 304 indifferently to two lives or three 22 see also three-life interpretation pain 53, 357, 387, 393, 410, 443f, 522, 532, 536, 541, 543, 546, 579 Pali Text Society 302 P.T.S. editions of the Sutta Pi†aka 582-592 pañcupådånakkhandhå 7, 9, 10, 252 pañcakkhandhå 9, 270, 304 see also aggregate particle 51, 66, 175 particularity 248, 358, see also generality Pascal 350, 352, 358, 393, 397f passion 387, 446 past 11, 29, 97, 163, 177, 195, 197, 226, 235, 355f, 389, 394 peace 131 perception 24, 39, 54f, 67, 98, 127, 158, 164ff, 259, 265, 272, 293, 395, 451, 492, 526, 535, 542, 546, 573, 602f of colour 67f Perera (dåyaka) 20, 109, 147f, 285, 298, 300, 305f, 307, 309, 311

659

seeking the path peripheral 27, 33f, 38, 91f, 174, 205, 368 present experience 355 present field 26, 33, 37ff, 54, 115 peripheral fields 24 permanence 8, 131, 178, 186 perpendicularity 84, 86, 88, 104f, 121 personality 201, 423f, 597, see also Tyrrell, G.N.M., The Personality of Man Petakopadesa 257, 281 phassa, see contact phenomena 11, 192f, 199, 205, 220, 222 phenomenological ontology 347 phenomenologists 346 phenomenal manifolds 169 Phenomenological Psychology 243 Phenomenology 41, 45, 52f, 58f, 62, 75, 77, 168, 220, 238f, 240, 243, 300, 304 phenomenon 193f, 199, 202, 205, 220 philosopher 45, 56, 57, 64, 71, 75, 76, 137, 185, 188, 212, 286, 300 Philosopher of the Infinite Hierarchy 57 Philosophy of Physical Science 77 photograph 263 physics 76, 315 Pierre at a café 56, 58 Pierre-Marie Ventre 137 Piyadassi Thera 108 plane 61, 75, 79ff, 87f, 90ff, 95ff, 107, 110, 112, 118, 146, 154, 173f, 197, 199, 222, 243, 256 poem 168, 227, 287, 365 point 12, 28, 41, 47, 59f, 63f, 67ff, 88f, 91, 96ff, 107, 109f, 112f, 117f, 125, 128, 134, 140, 142, 145, 154f, 170f, 174f, 182ff, 194, 197f, 203, 206, 211, 214, 217, 230f, 235, 237, 242f, 249f, 256, 259f, 263, 268, 281, 283, 297, 303f point of view 211, 267, 357 polonga 7

660

possession 418 possibility 346, 368 Potter, Karl H. 599 pour autrui 28, 65, 73f, 402, 525, 565 pour moi 65, 73f, 183 pour-soi 95, 241, 247, 262, 438f, 555f, 594 Prajñåpåramitå 435, 438 precepts 27, 310 precognition 346f pre-judgement 165 pre-reflexion 158, 163, 165, 167, 175, 370, 490, 549, 563 pre-reflexive consciousness 45 see also reflexion presence 19, 38, 42, 152f, 174, 177, 194f, 205, 207, 220f, 226, 232, 236, 242, 258f, 262, 269, 278, 291f, 311, 313 present 9, 11f, 20, 26f, 29, 33f, 37ff, 42, 45, 50, 54, 58ff, 67, 71, 85, 87, 91, 96ff, 115f, 123, 125, 128, 130f, 133, 136, 150, 153, 159f, 163ff, 171f, 174ff, 179, 182, 185f, 195ff, 205ff, 211, 220, 226, 233, 235, 239, 240f, 246, 248f, 254, 257, 266, 275, 281, 294, 301, 307f, 315f field 26, 33, 37ff object 34, 59, 131, 136, 160, 205, 241, 266 pride 404 Principle 223 of Identity 187f of Size 110 of superposition 110, 115, 151, 211, 229 of Deduction 180f, 213 of Identity 187 of Logic 180 of Substitution 180 Procrustes 270, 272, 274 projection 82, 89f, 143 proof 427 Proof of Rebirth, see Sketch for a Proof of Rebirth

index properties 79, 116, 130 propositions 212ff prose 18, 287, 288, 297 psychology 51ff, 63, 230, 243, 299, 304, 359 punishment 411 pure mathematics 100 puthujjana 3, 7, 199, 227, 250ff, 263, 292, 299, 304, 423, 425f, 436, 495, 508, 517, 521, 531, 538f, 594 putting the world in brackets 104, 238f Pythagoras 93, 99 Q quanta 51, 63 quantum mechanics 215, 229f, 486, 489, see also Dirac. physic 24, 31, 35, 65f, 69, 110f, 114, 119, 123, 131, 137, 140, 229 physicist(s) 24, 31, 35, 69, 110f, 114, 119, 123, 131, 140, 229, 363 theory 24, 35f, 45, 50f, 58, 94, 99, 111f, 115, 118f, 120, 122f, 125, 127, 133, 136, 138, 141, 150f, 157, 185, 188, 229, 371, 399, 487, 488 R rainfall 17 rationalist 229, 346f Realism 186f Realist 187f, 198, 205, 220, 224, 239 reality 440, 458, 460, 464, 476, 477f, 481, 486, 490, 500, 520, 580, 582 see also Bradley, F.H., Appearance and Reality reason 168, 346 rebirth 29, 115, 246, 249, 272, 315, 338, 350, 356f, 359, 378, 381, 393, 408, 421 reference 6ff, 12f, 25, 36, 45, 61, 96f, 125, 128, 143f, 146f, 151, 164, 172, 175, 201, 220f, 266, 271, 283 reference as dhamma 381, 525527, 600

correct 6, 12 incorrect 6, 7 reflection 401 reflexion 24, 30f, 36, 38, 41, 43ff, 49, 52, 54, 56, 58, 63, 69, 71, 89, 98, 104, 107, 112, 125, 132, 134f, 150, 153, 157f, 160, 163ff, 176, 195, 215, 223ff, 235ff, 243f, 249f, 258f, 302, 304, 353f, 359, 361-363, 367, 370, 372, 426, 439, 440, 445f, 490, 512, 518, 523, 534, 549, 554, 556, 562, 594, 596 RĂŠflexion sur la Question Juive 30 reflexive 39, 41, 43ff, 50f, 59, 61ff, 74, 104, 107, 129, 131, 157, 160, 163ff, 167, 183, 195f, 206, 215f, 234ff, 244f, 259ff, 266f reflexive experience, see experience reflexive hierarchies 165, 167, 363 regression 242 relationship between observer and object 33 relativity 50, 63, 99, 125, 134, 138, 139, 144, 174 relativity theory 50, 99, 125, 134, 138f religion 17, 85, 93, 108, 137, 212, 221, 232, 257, 404, 435, 444, 448, 481, 537 Religion and Science 579-582 religious 13, 57, 60, 93, 95, 119, 221, 132, 225 repetition 48, 52, 88, 105ff, 112, 116ff, 128ff, 133, 136, 225, 227, 240, 403, 405f, 408 true repetition 118 Repetition 60, 64, 107f, 112 representation of a thing 154f, 157f responsibility 448, 491, 518 Rhine, J.B. 393, 398 Rhys Davids, T.W. & Stede, William, PTS Pali-English Dictionary 528-541 Richards, I.A., Principles of Literary Criticism 541-544

661

seeking the path Riemann 136, 229f, 256f geometry 136 r¨pa 49, 52, 55, 109, 146, 152, 153, 166, 167, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 194, 195, 229, 235, 236, 243, 244, 258, 259, 261, 264, 265, 266, 289, 290, 291, 296, 299, 302 see also name-and-matter ruppa 54, 173, 289, 304 Russell, Bertrand 98, 119, 169, 177, 186, 196, 206, 215, 228f, 234, 306 Mysticism and Logic 544-548 S saddhånusår⁄ 297, 299 saints 393 saπkhata 8, 10, 330-342 saπkhåra 8ff, 33, 226f, 236, 248, 251f, 264, 269, 270, 290f, 303, 330-342, 387, 394, 467, 479 see also determination sakkåyadi††hi 13 Salt Superintendent 148, 152, 232 samådhi 266, 280, 387, 517 samatha 413, 517 Saπgha 6, 23, 162, 305f Sangharakshita 434 saµsara 389, 403 Sartre, J.-P. 27ff, 30f, 45, 47, 54ff, 60, 62, 64f, 70, 75ff, 86ff, 94f, 99, 102, 108, 110ff, 116f, 119, 132f, 137, 149f, 159, 161, 164f, 167, 176, 180, 187f, 193, 215, 223, 226, 233, 235ff, 244, 251, 254f, 258f, 263, 265, 269f, 280, 289, 296, 299f, 302, 316, 346, 392f, 423, 428, 438f Being and Nothingness 548-562 L’imaginaire, psychologie phenomenologique de l’imagination 562-564 L’imagination 564-566 time 159 sassatavåda 85, 88, 95f, 186 sati, see mindfulness satipa††hna 2, 6, 60, 339f

662

Satipa††hna Sutta 16, 339 satisfaction 358 scholar 392, 400, 531 Schopenhauer 597 Schweitzer, Albert 104, 257, 598 science 26, 46, 53, 76f, 99, 115, 130f, 137, 142, 150, 153, 164, 169, 176, 178, 201f, 212f, 215, 221, 226, 231, 238, 240f, 254, 280, 286, 298, 300, 346, 399, 411, 469, 513-515, 539, 540, 545, 568, 571, 575f, 597 scientific 35, 59, 62f, 76, 99, 107, 125f, 143, 151, 153, 169, 171f, 183f, 202, 206, 221, 215, 249, 254, 280, 285f, 300f, 303 certainty 62 concept 151 scientist 53f, 56, 59, 62f, 70f, 75f, 99, 11, 9, 124f, 131, 141, 143f, 172f, 186, 192, 202, 221, 254, 264, 283, 296, 301, 370, 388, 392, 410 scorpion 17, 300 Sein zum Tode 28 self/Self 49, 150, 186, 200, 248, 292, 359, 389f, 424-426, 443 see also attå self-identity 194, 198, 200ff, 204, 225, 227, 240, 292 selfsame 462, 511 sensation 299, 324f, 418, 441, 445, 451, 470, 474f, 532, 536, 542f, 546, 547, 580 sense-bases 9 sensualists 95 sex 193, 203, 421 s⁄la 13, 203, 266, 272, 280, 387 s⁄labbataparåmåsa 13 silence 385f singular plane 82f, 100 Sirius 77, 124 Sketch for a Proof of Rebirth 29, 36, 38, 115f, 127, 245f, 248ff, 351, 345-374 Sluckin 53 smell 67

index snake(s) 4f, 7, 60, 93, 141, 218f, 233, 252f, 300, 313 socialism 313 Socrates 162, 199 solidarity 70f, 132 solitude 70, 76, 307, 311ff Soma Thera 8, 85, 168f, 185, 273 sotåpanna 277, 297, 299, 304, 310, 524, 529, 537, 610 soul 421-425, 524, 530 see also attå and self space 11, 26, 32ff, 39ff, 47ff, 53f, 58, 61, 63, 67, 77, 79ff, 95, 98, 107, 110, 112, 125, 128, 130f, 133f, 136, 138f, 142ff, 169ff, 231, 285f, 400, 402, 407, 442, 467 space-like 32ff, 37, 47, 58, 174 operators 32ff, 58 space-travel 128, 143, 285f speaking 385 speculative philosophy 56 spin 23f, 63, 69 Spinoza 439 spirit, low 421 Såriputta 171, 236, 279, 309f stars 75, 175, 400 star spokes 87, 124 bright star 75 statements 76, 105, 125, 187, 211f, 216f, 221, 237, 239f, 274 statistical world 111, 116, 119, 123 Stebbing, L. Susan, 161, 177, 179ff, 184ff, 191, 206ff, 212ff, 227ff, 300 A Modern Introduction to Logic 566-578 Sterne 72, 76, 257 Strachey, Lytton G., Landmarks in French Literature 578 straight line 151 structure 234, 360, 362 of being 128, 131, 135f, 163, 179, 181, 184, 199, 207, 211, 217, 235 of existence 94, 112, 178, 215 of experience 356f, 360 subject 51ff, 59, 88, 91ff, 95, 98, 102,

104f, 107, 109f, 120, 123, 126f, 134ff, 142, 144ff, 151ff, 160, 166f, 169, 173, 176f, 184ff, 194f, 198, 221ff, 226, 228, 231, 235, 236ff, 258ff, 262f, 269, 283, 297, 300, 304, 308 subjective 8, 51ff, 91ff, 95, 102, 105, 107, 109f, 123, 135, 142, 144ff, 152f, 160, 166, 176, 184, 221f, 235, 241, 258ff, 262, 269, 283, 300, 304 dimension 91, 102, 109 subjectivism 107, 137 suffering 384 suicide 28, 88, 95, 434, 437, 561 Sumaπgalavilåsin⁄ 280ff superimposition 130, 158 super mathematics 93, 119 supernormal powers 424 superposition 110f, 115f, 151, 169ff, 177f, 182, 197, 204, 211, 229, 296 Suttas 381, 384-386, 392-394 T ta~hå, see craving tarantula 4, 16f, 56, 231 taste 43, 61, 67, 73, 170f, 177, 245, 265, 316 Tathågata 203, 207, 211, 217, 222 Tåvatiµsa 610 telaesthesia 419-422 teleology 137, 263, 266, 272, 276, 292 telepathy 415-421, 424f, 543, 579, 598, 606, 609 temporal 33, 39, 42, 58, 88, 91, 105, 129f, 134f, 175, 227, 231, 300 temporalization 24, 54 temptation 393 The Doctrine of Awakening 15 theism 85, 132f, 196, 411 The Light of Asia 377 The Meaning of Dhamma 21, 290 The Meaning of Meanings 6, 10f, 14f, 119, 174, 304 Theory of Groups 25, 46, 77, 96, 372 Theory of Types 228

663

seeking the path The Philosophy of McTaggart 77 Thera 297 things 24, 152, 228, 346 thinking 10, 12, 64, 67, 88, 124, 135f, 149, 151, 180f, 191, 193, 206, 228, 234, 245f, 255, 268, 278, 282, 285 thoughts 6, 426, 445 thinker 400, 426, 518 three-life interpretation 250, 251 see also pa†iccasamuppåda time 11, 22, 24, 26f, 32ff, 37ff, 42ff, 47ff, 53, 55, 58ff, 63, 66, 69, 71, 73, 85, 91, 95, 98f, 102, 104f, 112f, 117, 123, 125f, 128ff, 133ff, 138f, 141, 144, 146, 149, 151ff, 157, 159f, 164f, 169f, 173ff, 177, 179f, 182, 194, 207, 235, 249, 280, 282, 292, 297, 300, 316, 355f, 359, 363, 391f, 397, 400, 407-409, 442, 446, 453f, 457, 459, 464, 466, 468f, 475478, 480, 483f, 486, 489, 509f, 513, 516, 544, 546f, 555, 599 dimension(s) 49f time-like 32ff, 37, 44f, 47, 58, 157, 174 operators 32, 33, 34, 44, 45, 58 T-operation 42, 44 tragic 284, 403 transcendence 45ff, 54f, 65, 108, 117, 153 Transcendental Phenomenology 243 transformation 81, 84, 94f, 96ff, 108, 147, 149, 154, 173, 184f, 191, 196, 203, 207, 233, 235, 241, 245f, 248 translation 286ff of dhammå 11 Tristram Shandy 69, 72, 76 truth 57, 140, 223, 294, 401, 427 Truths, the Four Noble 382 types, theory of 100, 125, 228, 268 Tyrrell, G.N.M., The Personality of Man 578f U ucchedavåda 28, 30, 75, 85, 88, 93,

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95, 186 ultimate particle 24, 315 Ulysses 69, 217 uncertainty principle 23, 65 underdetermined 163f undetermined 228 uniform motion 43 universal-human 132 universe 38, 63, 66, 85, 93, 130, 170, 186, 202, 238, 243, 284, 377, 420, 435, 447, 462, 465, 467, 476, 478, 480-482, 484, 523, 524, 539 unrestricted proposition 595f upådåna, see holding V Vajiråråma 3, 92, 244, 261, 299, 306ff vectors 111, 113, 189 vegetation 4 Venus 75, 77 vicikicchå 13 Vinaya 162, 266, 279, 280, 294, 299, 381 viññå~a 7ff, 52, 55f, 152f, 166f, 174, 176, 179ff, 188, 194f, 216, 226, 229, 232, 235f, 242ff, 248, 250, 252, 258ff, 285, 291, 293, 303 see also consciousness violence 95 vipaka, see kamma vipassanå 382, 382, 386 vision 61, 73, 75, 92, 123, 150f, 171, 175, 220, 267, 299, 402, 417, 526 Visuddhimagga 13f, 17, 255, 262, 274, 288, 293, 296, 299, 303, 521, 536, 539, 606f see also Buddhaghosa volition 364, see also intention W Warner, Rex [transl.], The Confessions of St. Augustine 579 weather 11f, 15, 17f, 20, 150, 153, 292, 295, 305f Weiss, Paul 596

index Western thinking 168, 176, 185 Wettimuny, R.G. de S., Buddhism and Its Relation to World 387, 394, 440 Wijesekera 107, 137 wildlife 253 wireless set 265 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 177, 306 world 8, 16, 23, 49, 50, 53, 56, 58, 63, 67, 69, 74f, 85ff, 92, 104, 109, 111, 116f, 119, 123, 137, 143, 146, 150f, 160f, 164f, 167, 171f, 176f, 179, 185f, 202, 213, 221, 226, 233, 242, 251, 259f, 263, 265, 283, 285f, 290, 299, 309f, 358, 365, 384 meanings of 85 writers 288 Y yoga 607f yoniso manasik책ra 6, 166f, 176, 202, 254, 267f, 274, 289

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