Candace Ellicott—Process Books, 2010/2011

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Masters of Design 2010/2011

NSCAD University

Candace Ellicott // Process.

FALL 2010

Process.


6600: GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO—R.MYER

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Derive Mapping Vacancies & Food in Halifax Typographic Calendar Mapping Personal Space Visualising Brand Identity 6112: GRADUATE WORKSHOP: THESIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL—M.IVEY

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Thesis Timeline Proposal of Practice and Research Glimmer: A Literarture Review 5 Whys: A Research Method Presentation #1: Cultural Probes Mapping Methods to Methodology Scenario Building: A Research Method (in thesis section) Presentation#3: Specified Outcomes (in thesis section) 6114: GRADUATE WORKSHOP: SITUATED DESIGN—C.KALTENBACH #1 The Problem with Design #2 Modernism 2.0 #3 Rethinking Tactile Graphics + Visual Communication in 0.4 secs #4 Design in Crisis + Shock and Awe #5 Multiverso + This page is no longer on this server #6 The Problem with Design #7 Modernism 2.0 #8 Rethinking Tactile Graphics + Visual Communication in 0.4 secs #9 Design in Crisis + Shock and Awe #10 Multiverso + This page is no longer on this server #11 Speech, Writing, Print.... #12 Boredom B’dum B’dum #13 After Digital + Digital Glass

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THESIS STUDIES:

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WHAT IS MY QUESTION? - Poster Design for Thesis - Unique Triangulation of research CONTEXTUAL SEARCH & REVIEW - Big Switch, Nicholas Carr - Implicit Interactions, Wendy Ju - Ubiquitous Computing - Deleuze - Jeremy Rifkin, The Age of Access - The Shape of Things Bruce Sterling - Interner Articles: Statistics, Inventions, Questions

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METHODS - 5 Whys - Mind Map - Sketching - Cultural Probes - Probe Findings - Probe Assumptions - Interviews SPECIFIED OUTCOMES - Trends in Technology - Ideas for Projects -Scenario Building

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TAXONOMY -Understanding Words/ Relevant Words

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BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES TO DATE

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Projects Included in this section //

Study // Graduate Studio

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Dérive Group Visualization Food Map Vacancies Map Group Food Maps Project 2011 Gregorian Calendar Visualizing 3 Spaces Our Brand Identity Group Brand Identity

Summary:

“Learning to look around sparks curiosity, encourages serendipity. Amazing connections get made that way; questions are raised and sometimes answered that would never be otherwise. Any explorer sees things that reward not just a bit of scrutiny but a bit of thought, sometimes a lot of thought over years. Put the things in spatial context or arrange them in time, and they acquire value immediately. Moreover, even the most ordinary of things help make sense of others, even of great historical movements.” Outside lies magic Stilgoe, J. R. (1998) page 0025-006

The graduate studio course strives to give MDes students the tools necessary to be analytical, question what they see and articulate it visually. To observe what lies in our everyday focal range—taking the banal and drawing new connections, reframing questions to unearth better ways of doing things. Design can then translate findings and solutions in a number of ways.


French writer and Situationist Guy Debord first theorized this concept[1] in his studies of architecture. The original concept was the exploration of a built environment without preconceptions, to refuse to limit legitimate discussion to architectural styles

“In situationist texts, a dérive is an attempt at analysis of the totality of everyday life, through the passive movement through space. It is translated as drift. or residential percentages, but to discuss the reality of actually inhabiting the environment.” http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Dérive A détournement is a variation on a previous media work, in which the newly created one has a meaning that is antagonistic or antithetical to the original. Guy Debord and Gil J Wolman categorized détourned elements into two types minor détournements and deceptive détournements. Minor détournements are détournements of elements that in themselves are of no real importance such as a snapshot, a press clipping, an everyday object which draw all their meaning from being placed in a new context. Deceptive détournements are when already significant elements such as a major political or philosophical text, great artwork or work of literature take on new meanings or scope form being placed in the new context.

A Personal Derive: Italo Calvino—Invisible Cities

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INVISIBLE CITIES “First published in 1972 translated from the Italian by William Weaver Italo Calvino was born in Cuba in 1923 and grew up in San Remo, Italy. He is an essayist and journalist as well as a novelist, and is a member of the editorial staff of the Turin publishing firm Giulio Einaudi Editore. His other novels include _The Castle of

Crossed Destinies__ (also published in Picador), CITIES & MEMORY 2: When a man rides a long time through wild regions he feels the desire for a city. Finally he comes to Isidora, a city where the buildings have spiral staircases encrusted with spiral seashells, where perfect telescopes and violins are made, where the foreigner hesitating between two women always encounters a third, where cockfights degenerate into bloody brawls among the betters. He was thinking of all these things when he desired a city. Isidora, therefore, is the city of his dreams: with one difference. The dreamed-of city contained him as a young man; hearrives at Isidora in his old age. In the square there is the wall where the old men sit and watch the young go by; he is seated in a row with them. Desires are already memories. 660

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MY PERSONAL DERIVE Walked throughout the streets in the North End of Halifax. Started at my apartment at the corner of Creighton St. and Buddy Daye Street. An old converted an gentrified place.

CLASS DERIVE These 2 paths are from the class project on the previous page, Candace Elliott’s derive and Patrick Fosters derive layed over the actual route they took in downtown Halifax.


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MAPPING Found maps for inspiration and reference; found online.

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Study // Class & Personal Derive

Guy Debord

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MAPPING Found maps for inspiration and reference; found online.

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Making the invisible, visible

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Study // Data visualization & Mapping // Food in Halifax

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Parking lot: Ed Ruscha’s Thirty-Four Parking Lots (1967) used aerial photography to turn banal, functional urban landscapes into abstract designs. Looking at these images it is easy to forget the reality of Los Angeles, city of cars, and perceive the parking lots as earthworks designed for aesthetic purposes. There are currently examples on-line here, here, here and here.

The Banal Yves Alain Bois discussed one of these photographs in the book he wrote with Rosalind Krauss, Formless. He notes that after Ruscha captured these parking lots one early morning before the cars arrived, it was possible to see them as “a machine for the production of oil-spots”. The spots appear to be part of the design, a dynamic feature which grow and then are erased when the lots are asphalted over again. They convey some of the entropic quality of urban space that fascinated artists in the sixties and seventies. http://some-landscapes.blogspot. com/2006/02/parking-lot.html

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Ed Rusca


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Study // Typography // 2011 Gregorian Calendar

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2010/2011/

4 year old child Competitive cyclist Fruitfly

First Year College Student Pregnant woman School teacher

Peacekeeper Work week endingonSunday GregorianCalendar

Leave family in Winnipeg for Afganistan

Subjective Calendar–Height based on level of importance to individual.

Move to new camp Days mix into weeks as we train daily

Pregnancy test positive-”yes”

It’s been a long time since I have seen family

Land Mine went off

My, Claire-bear’s 5th birthday party

Announce baby to parents

Study Break begins

Finish of the Christmas parties

Study Break Fort Lauderdale Parrrtttty!!!! Go to Empire Theatre with mates from Karate

Party at the Dome

Party at Cream Soda

Party at the Lower Deck

Party at the Lower Deck

Party at the Maxwell Plums then Palace

Kyles birthday party at the pool Can’t wait until mine

Winter training begins Fairmont Park to play with friends

Swim lessons

Dance lessons

Weekend lessons

Weekend lessons

Making grab bags for my Cinderella birthday party

Hip Hop dance recital. Mom, Dad, Gib & Auntie come to watch

Fairmont Park to play with friends

Jen’s house

Century Club at Dino’s pad

Family swim

Swim lessons

Papa’s birthday par

Visit Science Museum

Play with friends

Nana & Pops leave after Christmas

2010/

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julianday A contrasting view is that time is part of the fundamental intellectual structure (together with space and number) within which we sequence events, quantify the duration of events and the intervals between them, and compare the motions of objects. In this view, time does not refer to any kind of entity that "flows", that objects "move through", or that is a "container" for events. This view is in the tradition of Gottfried Leibniz[5] and Immanuel Kant,[6][7] in which time, rather than being an objective thing to be measured, is part of the mental measuring system. The question, perhaps overly simplified and allowing for no middle ground, is thus: is time a "real thing" that is "all around us", or is it nothing more than a way of speaking about and measuring events?

fullmo

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Here is the happen in 2 remember when you h moon, the d

time:anintellectualstructure A contrasting view is that time is part of the fundamental intellectual structure (together with space and number) within which we sequence events, quantify the duration of events and the intervals between them, and compare the motions of objects. In this view, time does not refer to any kind of entity that "flows", that objects "move through", or that is a "container" for events. This view is in the tradition of Gottfried Leibniz[5] and Immanuel Kant,[6][7] in which time, rather than being an objective thing to be measured, is part of the mental measuring system. The question, perhaps overly simplified and allowing for no middle ground, is thus: is time a "real thing" that is "all around us", or is it nothing more than a way of speaking about and measuring events?

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present A contrasting view is that time is part of the fundamental intellectual structure (together with space and number) within which we sequence events, quantify the duration of events and the intervals between them, and compare the motions of objects. In this view, time does not refer to any kind of entity that "flows", that objects "move through", or that is a "container" for events. This view is in the tradition of Gottfried Leibniz[5] and Immanuel Kant,[6][7] in which time, rather than being an objective thing to be measured, is part of the mental measuring system. The question, perhaps overly simplified and allowing for no middle ground, is thus: is time a "real thing" that is "all around us", or is it nothing more than a way of speaking about and measuring events?


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“The only reason for time is so that everything doesn’t h Ultrasound portrait of child. Now we will know if its a boy or girl

First Trimester is over so baby can be announced to family and friends

Coma

Decide upon a girls name

Felt first kick

Agree on a name

Canada Day day off

Summer Holidays Sabbatical National Championships physical peak

National series race

National series race

Ride then celebrate Canada Day

Local race

National series race National series race Last Class

Summer Vacation starts

Party at Club Soda and meet girl

Canada Day BBQ & beach party

Final beach party of the summer, meet a girl.

Beach Party

Beach Party

Bob’s house party

Bob’s house party

Movie Marathon weekend

End of summer blow out party and bonfire

Summer job begins

River Pub

Fruit flys love Canad Day 1day lifespan Fairmont Park to play with friends

Grandma visits

Swim lessons begin again

Swim lessons

Swim lessons

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Mom & dad are home we have my friends over

Fairmont Park to play with friends

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Fairmont Park to play with friends

Fairmont Park to play with friends

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Study // Typography // 2011 Gregorian Calendar

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“The only reason for time is so that everything doesn’t happ Ultrasound portrait of child. Now we will know if its a boy or girl

o

Coma

Decide upon a girls name

Felt first kick

Agree on a name

Canada Day day off

Summer Holidays Sabbatical National Championships physical peak

National series race

National series race

Ride then celebrate Canada Day

Local race

National series race National series race

ass

Summer Vacation starts

Party at Club Soda and meet girl

Canada Day BBQ & beach party

Final beach party of the summer, meet a girl.

Beach Party

Beach Party

Bob’s house party

Bob’s house party

Movie Marathon weekend

End of summer blow out party and bonfire

Summer job begins

River Pub

Fruit flys love Canad Day 1day lifespan Fairmont Park to play with friends

Grandma visits First day at the local park with Jakey and Gilbert Swim lessons

Swim lessons

Swim lessons

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Mom & dad are home we have my friends over

Fairmont Park to play with friends

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Fairmont Park to play with friends

Fairmont Park to play with friends

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pen at once.� -Albert Einstein Getting packed for the hospital to have C-section Conscious again

Remberance Day Doctor suggested the paralysis will be permanent

What shall we call him? Sebastian, Chris, Jack?

Prepare class outlines for the first day of school

Phone family forThanksgiving

First day of school after labour day weekend

Thanksgiving Monday off In the swing of things

Seeing some good pupils Long weekend home for weekend

Move in party -new apartment

Natal Day-Party over long weekend

Last weekend of summer vacation

Thanksgiving -day off riding

Local race

Gatineaut Park Ride on ski lift for Fall colours

Gatineaut Park

Go to Science Museum

Scary first day at school and ride on school bus

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Bought princess costume for Halloween

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SITUATED DESIGN WORKSHOP

Study // Limited Language // XY

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REFERENCES Found calendars used as inspiration; found online.


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REFERENCES Found calendars used as inspiration; found online.

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Space can be boundless. It exists in three -dimensions, sometimes four, even five dimensions according to the child’s book, A Wrinkle in Time. This book was read which created one of the spaces below. According to it, via time travel by means of tesseract, one can get to a fifth-dimension, explained as being similar to “folding the fabric of space and time”. A consciousness of place is a space. According to Wikipedia, the word ma in Japanese means space which suggests interval and it is the thing that takes place in the imagination of the persone. It could also

The Japanese have another way of looking at space called, ‘Ma’ which is more pertinent to understanding the three spaces on this poster.

Ma, A conciousness of place be described as a “consciousness of place”, but not the traditional idea of an enclosed three-dimensional space, but an awareness of “form and non-form coming from an intensification of vision”. These are the spaces that have been illustrated in this poster.

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO Study // Data visualization // Three Spaces

“In terms of the ways in which the machine altered our relations to one another and to ourselves, it mattered not in the least whether it turned out cornflakes or Cadillacs. The restructuring of human work and association was shaped by the technique of fragmentation that is the essence of machine technology.”

Mcluhan, M. (1964). Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (2nd). New York: Signet

Paperback.

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What Brand Face are you putting forth ?

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Study // Data visualization // Three Spaces

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a d n o H

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MacBook Pro

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A collection of brands: MDES Class

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO

CLASS 2010: BACK ROW Omnia Attallah Patrick Foster Gao Xiang (Brad) Jessica Wang Yujing Zhang (Amy) FRONT ROW Candace (me) Saijia Sun

Study // Data visualization // Three Spaces

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6112 // Marlene Ivey

Projects Included in this section //

Study // Thesis Research Proposal

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Projected Timeline for Thesis Practice Glimmer Literature Review 5 Why’s?: A Method Presentation#1: Cultural Probes Mapping Methods to Methodology (in thesis section) Scenario Building: A Method (in thesis section) Presentation#3: Specified Outcomes (in thesis section)

Summary:

“Not everything is about design, but design is about everything.’ ...the best designers are what he calls ‘T-shaped people’. ‘This means they start out with a deep interest and experience in one skill—and then, as they blossom as designer, they branch out into many different areas of knowledge....The broadening of the top of the It becomes increasingly important in the new world of transformation design, according to Tim Brown” p.39 Glimmer How Design Can Transform Your Life, and Maybe Even Your World -Warren Berger

An integral course designed to introduce students to a methodology, specifically action research methodology used in other fields like social work. Using a variety of different research methods helps to flesh out the research from different and new perspectives, allowing reflection on a question. This course helps to deepen critical thinking, and awareness as well as sharpens the focus for a stronger thesis.


Dipity timeline of progress and practice thesis

GRADUATE RESEARCH

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Study // Thesis Practice // Timeline

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Study // Thesis Practice // Timeline

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NOV.

NOV.


Your job when writing a literature review is to add value to all those papers you have read, where you explain how the many salient ideas of others (often gathered from many disparate sources) have led up to and have contributed to your research problem. Let me say that again: a good literature review adds value. It is not just a catalog of papers you have

read. Here are some other things that literature reviews do. Show you know the literature - there is far too much literature for you to be exhaustive, so you must be selective - Gives your readers background to understand your work

What is a literature review? - this includes both readers who are specialists in your area, and readers who know nothing about it (e.g., external examiners). Its a balancing act Gives a historical perspective - shows how ideas arose and evolved over time Leads into the problem you wish to tackle in your thesis

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what others have done before within this context, what is being done now, what problems have been identified, what has not been worked on, how your own work builds / adds onto this. It Describes related work: illustrates other ideas related to your research idea i.e., how they are in common and how they are different - it explains why your idea or perspective is new. Gives a new view of the problem / solution space: Synthesis: combines

together the literature in a way that adds something new i.e., the whole is greater than the sum of the parts - birds eye view: as a reader of the literature, you now have a better perspective than any individual author may have had (particularly earlier authors who have not seen later work). You can now ‘step back’ and give a coherent overview - framework: fits all the pieces together into an organization that relates all the parts

How to start: Identify a few key papers (e.g., 7-10). You can do this by asking your supervisor, by sending email to knowledgeable people in the area If you cannot do the above, try again. Surely there are some people who can point you to a few good places! If you are really stuck and cannot find any primary sources, start doing on-line searches, go to the library, browse the abstracts of relevant proceedings and journals, etc. This is HARD. The 611

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When you have found the key papers, read them

Mark them up, use postits, highlighting pens, etc. You may see a great idea as you read a paper, and you should mark it. You really don’t want to have to read that 30 page paper all over again 4 months later just because you cannot remember which page it is on! Some people prefer to have their papers on line i.e., by copying from digital libraries or by scanning them. This is up to you --- I prefer pencil and postits

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carefully. Then read them again. Then look at the references within those as ways to find the good prior art. Then go on line (e.g., to the ACM Digital Library) and see what authors cite those key papers. The papers now become a ‘forward citation’ into the ideas that have built on them. Again, there may only be a few gems in the midst of many weak papers. Print out those papers and keep them in a binder.

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problem is that you may find many fairly weak papers and waste time on them instead of the strong ones. One way around this problem is to look at each paper’s references; if you see ones that seem to recur, these are probably key papers in the area. Get those, and pay attention to what they cite.

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myself as its really easy to do. Of course, the best solution is to have both, but that is a lot of work. Whenever you go to a conference or meet a visitor who knows the area, ask them what papers they think are the most relevant to your idea.

Don’t try to read everything. When you reach the point of diminishing returns i.e., you have to do a huge amount of reading to do anything new, its probably time to get going with your own work. Read many literature reviews in other theses. Ask

your supervisor for good examples. Don’t be afraid to copy someone’s literature style if

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NOTES IVEY’S CLASS How to do a visual literature review.

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He also made a video on “What is critical thinking?” Critical thinking means thinking effectively and applying sound intellectual standards to your thinking. It involves ‘meta-thinking’ – thinking about your thinking – and self evaluation.

Author Steven Johnson says innovation is based on ‘slow hunches’ and is rarely the work of a lone genius. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11706476

It involves not jumping to conclusions too quickly and maintaining an open mind, considering all aspects of an issue before making up your mind. It involves maintaining some degree of distance in order to prevent personal bias or prejudice interfering with your reasoning. However, this does not mean that a personal position cannot be adopted – indeed, this is the basis of developing a strong argument in relation to your research proposal. Critical thinking is creative thinking – it encourages questioning (‘why’s that . . . ’), imagining (‘what if, how about . . . ’), connecting (‘try linking this to that . . . ’), interpreting (‘could this mean . . . ’), applying (‘I’ll try this out’). Critical thinking is essential for developing a convincing research proposition – an argument – in relation to what already exists in the research context. An argument is a process of reasoning in which you attempt to:

What is critical thinking? Divergent Thinking?

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IDEO Method cards suggest that, Probe packs are one method of research in which it helps to “keep users at the centre of design” These will help to situate my research in “social practice”0 and will be part of my Action Research Methodology. I agree with what Sanders writes, probes “bring out issues that cannot be seen or revealed through observation or in an interview setup. ‘Discovering what people know helps us to communicate with them. Understanding what they feel gives us the ability to empathize with them.’ Probes could be

A Method—Probe Presentation Probe packs can allow designers the inspiration to see what others (specifically the users) can not.

used as a technique to draw the big picture before setting the focus for the more detailed observations.”1

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Tuuli Mattelmaki writes “People are not necessarily capable of demanding improvements, or imagining possible futures�2.

2. T.Mattelmaki, T, (2006). Design Probes University of Art & Deign Helsinki Gummerus Printing Vaajakoski, Finland pp. 33

1. Sanders, E. B.-N.,(2001). Virtuosos in the Experience Domain. In Proceedings of the 2001 IDSA Education Conference. www.sonicrim.com/red/us/pub.html pp. 5

IDEO Method Cards: 51 Ways to Inspire Design., Featured Publishers, William Stout

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6114 // Christopher Kaltenbach

Readings Included in this section //

Study // Limited Language

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#2 Modernism 2.0: Meaning is back in Fashion #3 Tactile Graphics + Visual Communication in 0.4 secs #4 Design in Crisis + Shock And Awe #5 Multiverso + This Page does not exist on the server #6 MIDTERM ASSIGNMENT #7 New Reading Spaces #8 Work Ethics #9 Slow Times #10 Patronising Prada #11 Speech, Writing, Print... #12 Boredom B’dum B’dum #13 After Digital + Digital Glass

Summary:

“ltd.: Limited Language is a brand which uses the web as a platform for generating writing about visual communication. the idea of the brand in this context is a deliberwate conceit -to explore how words, like images, are commodities. language: cutting, pasting and recycling are all properties of contemporary image culture and are present in the way we generate ideas. thoughts and conversations are cut and pasted from one context to the next, taking on a new significance in each. limited language aims to capture this as a working process for new writing.” Limited Language www.limitedlanguage. org/about.php

This course aims to help students situate design in the context of what is happening in the world. In this course we engage in a critical discourse with ideas posed in the book Limited Language by Monika Parrinder and Colin Davies. As a Masters student critical thinking and writing is crucial to understanding others perspectives, as well as helping to form new ideas based on the writings of others. To be able to summarize and formulate an opinion is the crux to research and review. To express one’s thoughts succinctly is a crucial skill for both academic writing as well as in the professional domain.


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Reading#2

Modernism 2.0 Meaning is back in fashion... I will start this essay with a bit of a rant. It is with the use of the word modern–with art and design historical terms like, “modernism”, “postmodernism” “neo-modernism” and now “altermodernism or Modernism 2.0” just never worked and now we are continuing to use terms that seem to confuse more than clarify, at least the layperson. The word modern now has to be divided into two meanings, an academic meaning and an everyday laypersons meaning. The academic meaning refers to a point in art and design history; this period of time was described as modernism from the late 1800’s to mid 1900’s, some say it includes the postmodern period as well. It is a movement in art and design and more loosely; philosophy of which this article is addressing. As well there is the everyday meaning; contemporary, current now, which has to do with the currency of time only which can confuse people. The idea that we might call a new phase in our art history; altermodernism or Modern2.0 is so vague and used up. Are we not creative enough to come up or coin a better name for our times? Some bad ideas to start with are; “nowism”, “techno-globalism”, etc. The article begins with the title Modernism2.0, Meaning is Back in Fashion Courtesy of M/M (Paris). I take issue with the idea that “meaning is back in fashion”, it seems a somewhat meaningless concept, if you break down the idea of meaning, all it really is, is stimulus. Plus, when did it meaning ever go out of fashion? I guess when postmodernism died? However, from a commercial perspective, it is still a nice thought to ponder, especially as a visual communicator who hates the idea of beautiful, brainless style only design. I argue that meaning has been “in fashion” for quite sometime, at least in design. One might say the postmodernist designers or as Andrew Blauvelt, Design Director and Curator at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis describes it “ a second wave of design, born in the 1960s” (para 3 http://www.designobserver. com/observatory/entry.html?entry=7557)), added meaning to formal design for quite some time. The designers that came from the school of Cranbrook, or New Wave Graphic Design as well as designers like April Greiman, David Carson, Wolfgang Weingart, Sagmeister exemplify how meaning and the creation of better meaning was importany. I agree with Blauvelt’s point of view that “this wave continued in different ways for several decades, reaching its apogee in graphic design in the 1980s and early 1990s, with the ultimate claim of “authorship” by designers (i.e., controlling content and thus form)”, and thus meaning. This was in stark contrast to the modernists before them, (the period is the late 1800’s- early 1900’s) who felt it important to revel in the form, a formal syntax and therefore purposefully not add meaning, ie; the Bauhaus school of though and Swiss design. So, this idea that meaning is now in fashion feels short sighted. Perhaps now, we are creating greater meaning through the use of context and relational design or as Paul Elliman wrote “super-relational” design. By adding context to the mix with form and meaning, I believe we are extending meaning, extending boundaries, making design more relevant, as well as extending the products or services use. We are now creating “ conversation which becomes the ‘engine’’ as design M/M have discovered. Now, we might create new meanings with old information in new contexts, and with new connections, a new language “creolisation”. The effect of design in situation, an experience that can grow, evolve and change into something else, as well as its ongoing impact is a very new aspect to design. So, I would agree that we are in a new phase of art and design, what it is called is and whether or not meaning is now fashionable are questionable.

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MY OTHER THOUGHTS NOT YET FULLY FORMULATED OR FLESHED OUT The title however is integral to the central idea of this article, that we are now in a time of post-postmodernism, a time where artists and designers are looking for greater meaning, that there is a need to dicipher our global place in the world, in all it’s diversity and chaos. As Bourriaud writes, “we have to get meaning out of this maze”, the maze we call our home. Ideas of home and identity are in question as people travel more and commercialization standardizes the world. As less and less people live where they have been born, whether exiled or voluntarily left through personal travels, many cultures are meeting and changing, a cross fertilisation which is having an affect on our art and how we design; new patterns are emerging. Some of the main ideas both from the manifesto and the themes that the Tate Triennial covers hit close to home in the evolution of our design field. The idea of “viatorisation”, as it is put on the Tate site “(viator is latin for to travel) to give movement or dynamism. ‘Often works are not conceived as finished – they are clusters of thought and production’”. Since about the early 90’s with the tech boom we have been experiencing new ways of working, the idea of process, although not a new one has become more important, a double headed snake feeding itself continually on an endless loop giving way to the need for a new position in the agency world, that is “design management” The idea of post modernism is important to understand as the altermodern position rejects it as “ disoriented, disconnected and detached” In a nutshell postmodernism is the idea that subjectivity is vital, that the “objective truth” (wiki) which is a similar ideology to The term the Standard Social Science Model (SSSM). Where they talk about a “blank slate” or “cultural determinist”… which was widely adopted and “views culture as a kind of superorganism, which is absorbed upon the blank slate minds of humans, shaping their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, without reference to biological or evolutionary substrates” Bouiarauds perspective is that Altermodernism rejects commercialism and standardization and fosters cultural identity/singularity in a multicultural but homogonised and amalgamised world. This is where technology helps to connect cultural groups to their “world network” (wiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Altermodern) . A sort of a “reloading process” of modernism happens in fact. ??? with some of the ideals of modernity, perhaps that of the “constant change in the pursuit of progress” (wiki-Sept20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernity)??? Bouuriaud’s fascination and regard for M/M Paris’ is most likely partly due to the fact that they embrace this new model of working. M/M work combines design, art, music fashion and technology to faclitate conversations and impact people and their thoughts/actions while creating, design, art, and events. They involve their audiences in work that continues to evole and grow.

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Reading#3

Tactile graphics: Emerging methodologies and Visual communication in 0.4 seconds “The elusive ‘creative moment’ has long been in question, a quest to articulate it and pin it down to harness it and sell it like a product. Art movement after art movement has been writing about it. Designers have been trying to capture and foster creativity and create methodologies for future generations. And as of late, creativity has been the talk of even the business realm, don’t get me wrong it’s not like companies didn’t harness creativity before, take Ford for example, his creatvity led to the invention of the car, automated production and eventually to women being employed. The design landscape “has been the focus of a tremendous amount of exploration and growth over the past five to 10 years. It is currently a jumble of approaches that, while competing as well as complementary, nonetheless share a common goal: to drive, inspire, and inform the design development process”. 1 But even more recently I believe, since The Great Recession of 2007-2009 there has been an increase in businesses seeing and needing the power of creativity in their business to create competitive advantages. Even business schools are offering more problem solving and idea generation in their course offerings. Fredrik Härén, author of The Idea Book believes that “the world right now is getting access to so many well-educated people, thanks to the explosion of education, (even) in developing countries. It also means people are getting more knowledge … and that is going to lead to more ideas.”2 Both articles, Visual Communication in 0.4 Seconds and Rethinking Tactile Graphics touch on different but similar methodologies for cultivating and looking at creativity as a way to use it as a methodology for problem solving. Visual Communication in 0.4 Seconds explains how the Surrealist movement “endeavours to capture the creative impulse”3 and that the Surrealists like “a chance of sorts”4 or the “element of surprise”5 in the moment, but they see their work as a“philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact”6 The idea of artifact is also being examined in the article Rethinking Tactile Graphics where the exploration of “‘tactile design’ or the artifact is about looking at the process of doing. It is viewed in terms of a craft revival, “inserting the hand-rendered artifact into an oppositional relationship with digital techniques”7. Where the artifact becomes important and intersects in both of these discussions is that they both help create a more experimental creative methodolgy as well as deal with the idea of process. As quoted in Rethinking Tactile Graphics“‘Contemporary psychotherapist Joseph Zinker argues: The experiment is the cornerstone of experiential learning. It transforms talking about into doing, stale reminiscing and theorizing into being fully here with one’s imagination, energy and excitement.”8 Both Reiner and Front design take two formally known things and combine them in a new ways to make something new, surprising and engaging. The surrealist methodology of capturing a moment in time, making the implicit explicit, and embracing the unknown can be seen in Front’s design of the explosive chair. It was not only whimsical, but it questions and illuminates the idea of process as an end in and of itself. It embraces the irrational, whimsy and the use of experiment in its process of creation. Front knew that they were making; a chair, but they didn’t know what it would look like in the end and although the consumer will only see and buy an amorphous chair with an odd name. The process of making the chair will always be documented on the web, thus becoming an integral part of the final object.

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Similarly, as stated by one of the commentors on the Rethinking Tactile Graphics “Gestalt psychology, as a methodology...can illuminate design as a process as well adopt the idea of the unknown through the process of making, “the craft revival”9. The works of graphic designers Karen Reimer and Lizzie Finn may not use the surrealist method of the element of surprise, but they do embrace process. The act of “generating artifacts that, initially at least, resolutely occupy the time and space of hand-rendered production”. These artifacts not only make a personal connection with their viewers (though a more haptic experience) but also accomodate the unknown through “enjoyment in materials and rediscovering skill” as well as “exploring imperfection”.10 Putting these methodologies and thoughts into writing is relatively a new paradigm for the design profession and is important not only in legitimising what designers do as a profession, but the importance of creativity in design and other fields. I believe to some extent what Bennet said, that ”traditional theories about the ‘creativity’ of the designer and his/her ‘intuition’ are no longer ‘adequate’ to understandings of contemporary creative practice where a new technological, interdisciplinary and collaborative context of making has emerged.”11 I feel we can learn from traditional theories and use them by re-contextualising them with today’s technology, influx of materials and collaborative approach. REFERENCES: 1.Sanders, L (2008) An Evolving Map of Design Practice and Design Research in Interactions Volumer XV.6 November/ December 2008 p. 12 - 17 2. http://knowledge.insead.edu/Harness1. ingcreativity090120.cfm?vid=175 (Accessed Sept.25, 2010) 3. Limited Language, p.11 http://www

limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/visual-communication-in-04-

seconds/(Accessed Sept.25, 2010) 4. Limited Language, p.11 http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/visual-communication-in-04seconds/(Accessed Sept.25, 2010) 5 Wikipedia. http://www.dipity.com/can_design/READING-3-6114/list (Accessed Sept.27, 2010) 6 Wikipedia. http://www.dipity.com/can_design/READING-3-6114/list (Accessed Sept.27, 2010) 7. Limited Language, p.125 http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/tactile-graphics-emerging-methodologies/ (Accessed Sept.27, 2010) 8. Limited Language, p.127 http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/tactile-graphics-emerging-methodologies/ (Accessed Sept.27, 2010) 9. Limited Language, p.125 http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/tactile-graphics-emerging-methodologies/ (Accessed Sept.27, 2010) 10. Limited Language, p.125 http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/tactile-graphics-emerging-methodologies/ (Accessed Sept.27, 2010) 11. Limited Language, p.126 http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/tactile-graphics-emerging-methodologies/ (Accessed Sept.27, 2010)

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Reading#4

Design in Crisis and Shock and Awe: Politics and Production In the article Design in Crisis, it is suggested that our design industry or designers or design in general is in crisis, whilst at the same time pointing out that design has never been better, and is, in fact, flourishing. I’ve yet to find out what is actually in crisis. If we examine the meaning of the word crisis and really ask what it means, Wikipedia, for instance, tells us that crisis is “...any unstable and dangerous social situation regarding economic, military, personal, political, or societal affairs, especially one involving an impending abrupt change.”1 The word ‘crisis’ seems a bit too dramatic, as I see no unstable or dangerous situations resulting from design referenced in the article. What the article actually seems to be about is a questioning of ethics - ethical dilemmas in design and ethics as it relates to designers. Designers have long had ethical choices to make since the profession officially came about in the 1940’s. That is why books on how to avoid becoming a hired drone working on soulless projects like How to be a Graphic Designer, Without Losing Your Soul by Adrian Shaughnessy, have been written. In this article “consumerism, pollution and the exhaustion of raw materials” are mentioned as ethical dilemmas designers are facing in this new technological age. I agree that “all branches of design seem to be prospering” with new design disciplines popping up all the time - from landscape designers, to fashion designers, transformation designers to design managers - and that the list of ethical questions will continue to grow and will need questioning one by one. In the case of plastic surgeons, or, as they are called in the article, “body designers”, aesthetics plus medical skills are needed to overhaul and transform bodies. This new discipline has come about as a result of medical innovations discovered during wartime that were intended to aid injured people. Is it so terrible to give someone a better looking nose, or breast reductions or augmentations? What if the body designer improves self esteem? Although not as crucial perhaps as healing the wounded, could plastic surgery not be considered to have some positive effects, despite the frivilous nature ascribed to it by the article? This is one of the newer ethical questions, yes, but does it signify a crisis? I think not. The article, Shock and Awe, brings up another ethical issue. Current events as well as technological and industrial advancements have often influenced designers’ thinking and works. As designers draw inspiration from these sources, the commentary implied by their work raises the question of the responsibility held by those designers for that commentary. Do the use of current events like 9/11 or books like “Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance” in one’s design help drum up debate and discussion about important issues at the consumer level, as a result of seeing or purchasing resulting product designs, fashion, advertising and/or graphic design? Another issue that both articles touch on is how military and war advancements or events have influenced and affected design. In the article, Design in Crisis, military used plastic surgery techniques to help the wounded which now have made it into consumer culture. In the article, Shock and Awe, the events of war have inspired products, and advertising graphic design. The interesting thing is how we as designers are using war to further our work. For example, the internet itself came about because it was used as a communication tool in war, as well as GPS but now is ubiquitous, so much so, that countries that can’t afford surveillance equipment have been known to use Google Maps in order to see and target bombs on their enemy. From better prosthetics, to plastic surgery, or super-glue as a band aid to smaller and longer lasting battery sizes, military developments help advance technology and society. I guess a more apt ethical question might be, should business and therefore consumers be allowed to benefit from the advancements of war? Or is the military just R&D lab?

1. Wikipedia, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis) (Accessed Oct.01, 2010)

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Reading #5

Multiverso and This page does not exist on the server 2 The article Multiverso or meta-universe, essentially talks about the concept of the “global village” as Malcolm “McLuhandescribed how the globe has been contracted into a village by electric technology and the instantaneous movement of information from every quarter to every point at the same time”(wiki). A world once thought of as being only attainable in science fiction. The “data universe” as referred to in Multiverso, is a world that is a highly interconnected virtual place brought on by the advancements in our technology. Just how interlinked our lives are with the workings of the virtual, was evident with events likethe global financial crisis of 2008 or how “in 2007 Estonia’s computer infrastructures were attacked, most likely by Russian hackers, bringing the country to a near standstill for about 48 hours”. The article suggests that we have moved on from a “modernist tradition”; the rational, a cutting out of the chaotic or complexity ofhuman emotion. A world where data is hard and scientific, and ugly and alienating; a “singular experience”. Instead we have now moved into a more organic state of being. As the “Icograda Conference” theme suggests, our world, specifically the data-verse is constantly evolving, growing, breathing, and prone to mistake. Design needs to adopt these changing ways and attitudes and put “people at the center” of design like in Christian Nolds Biomapping project. This is where terms like user-centered design have come from, and from that new ways of working, methodologies and practices. It’s up to design to take on a more organic, subjective or romantic approach and appeal to the human level.

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1920 Industrial age

MultiVerso

1950 Modernist Tradition Rational Technology Alienation Capatalist Society Singular Experience 1960 Post Modernist

1990 Internet moves into publics hands

2000 Web 2.0 Organic co nnectivity

2012 Semantic Web 3.0

Six degrees of separation

Blogs

Technology = Empowerment

Empowering the individual

Flow

Web 3.0

State of Flux

State of Flux

Cultural diversity

Erroneous

Twitter

Interconnectivity Forums

Divergent developments

unpredictable interaction methods

Forums

Creating new narratives


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Assignment #6

MIDTERM: How can design impact and manage the changing digital landscape & its’ relationship with the home users’ lifestyle?

My thesis subject is embedded in the idea of the changing digital landscape and how it will impact the domestic user and just how design might respond to those changes. A thread that runs through several of the articles featured in the book, Limited Language by Davies and Parrinder (ed. Emma Angus and Michael Clarke), is just how profoundly technology is changing the way we, society and the designer, work, play, think, communicate, interact and design. In Multiverso, they endorse this idea that “the globalisation of markets has been inseparable from rapid and complex developments in virtual technology. And yet how this affects our everyday world has often been hard to grasp.” (p. 59, 2010) As some of the writings broach, with this burst in technology, and the advent of the internet historians, philosophers, and designers are suggesting we are now in a new historical epoch. It is forcing a re-contextualizing of new and old methodologies as the impacts of the changing digital landscape trickle down to the consumer level. This epoch is being referred to by a number of names, such as, “modernism 2.0”(p. 69, 2010), “ultermodernism”(p. 69, 2010), the “information realm”(Bourriaud, ,2010, para. 1 ), and the “Internet age” (p. 71, 2010). My thesis explores the effects of the changing digital landscape on the domestic user and seeks to unearth potential opportunities where design can impact this landscape is still in its infancy. The ‘changing digital landscape’ described by Davies and Parinder, is “a click [that] now links us to our mediated world. In this new world, the internet is often described as a virtual landscape without a horizon” (p.273, 2010) More specifically to my thesis, the changing digital landscape means a move to a non localized online subscription-model service for personal computing (both free and paid), otherwise referred to as ‘The Cloud’. It is affecting the concept of the ‘desktop’ as it slowly evolves from a virtual object tied to one’s physical location to a virtual object tied to no specific physical location. This evolving paradigm is relatively new to the domestic user, designers, and researchers. There appears to be great opportunity to question it’s course, look for clues and uses for these new and old technologies, so one can draw new conclusions, meanings and patterns. Parrinder and Davies, in “Shock and Awe” posit, “CGI [Computer Generated Imagery], Rapid Prototyping and ingenuity allow designers to quickly respond to any cultural situation” (p. 49). This kind has not been the case in the past, and this speed has had a great impact on design and designers. Tarazi, in his article “Design in Crisis”


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contends that “design determined the way in which people work and act in the cybernetic world” (p. 25, 2010) . Such articles suggest that my thesis is focused on a very timely and topical area. However, the overall specifics of the articles have provided little to strengthen my understanding of ‘The Cloud’ and its relationship to the domestic user. To reinforce the concept of the changing landscape, the article “Modernism 2.0” draws a parallel with the phrase Web 2.0. The term suggests a second iteration or a ‘reloading’ of Modernism, now in its second version, a newer technological modernist web era. As per the modernist times, society has been adjusting to an influx of new technologies, which have impacted daily life, home life, and work life. Parrinder and Davies write that during the modernist times creativity “often led to experiments with form, and work that draws attention to the processes and materials used” (p.20, 2010). As the article suggests, we have moved to an era governed by “networking and a cross-fertilisation in methodology between the digital and analogue worlds”(p.20, 2010). As Parrinder and Davies write in the article “The Problem with Design”, the new technologies and resulting new ways of working “will become increasingly important to design thinking – whether it is the new digital networks of Facebook and MySpace, or the more tangible network of projects”(p.20, 2010). It is these areas that have been overlooked, or that are just coming into existence, that question the very nature of how we as domestic users will compute in the near future. As shown above, the writings in the text Limited Language mapped out the landscape of the changing technological world. Several of the writings have reinforced putting the consumer back into that landscape. As well, a new technological language has trickled down and affected people at the consumer level. For example, an Audi advertisement, referenced in the “Shock and Awe” article points out just how much weight the simple word “technology” carries these days with their tagline “progress through technology”(p. 49, 2010). This suggests that being in tune with technology makes the consumer progressive. Traditional research methods have kept designers at arm’s length, thereby preventing them from coming face to face with the potential end user.

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Instead, designers have relied on mediators and experts to gain information about the end user. Thus, they only read about it second or third hand through reports. That mediated information aimed to group people, averaging out experiences and stereotyping groups. In order to advance design and produce a better designer, Parrinder and Davies suggest that design brings people “into a more reciprocal relationship with their world”. (chchcc) The new designer must empathize with the end user. The article emphasizes, “people are [the] primary subject matter, and people cannot be neatly defined and labeled. We are contradictory, volatile, always surprising.”9 (pxx) The use of cultural probes, a research method used in this thesis research, will provide the beginnings of a conversation with the consumer. I will provide cogent information about how people collect, store and retrieve things as well as how technology impacts their lives. Because of this evolving consumer, the writings suggest that there is the need for new or evolved methods and methodologies in both research and design practice. To create new meaning and make the consumer a principle participant is necessary for the new, relevant designer. Bourriard wrote that the new designer will become the person “who connect[s] new spaces and new narratives’ to create new meaning.” (p20) The articles in Limited Language began to explore the changing digital landscape and reinforced the idea that technology is changing the way business and domestic users are using and being affected by technological advancements. As technological advancements have trickled down to the consumer, the need for new methodologies has emerged, which has had an impact on how designers need to design. As the articles only paint the broad brush strokes of this new landscape and the consumer, my thesis research will go into more detail and will offer insight into ways that design will continue to shape the landscape and those who are in it.


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Study // Limited Language // New Reading Spaces

Reading #7

New Reading Spaces I love Max Bruinsma’s (MaxB) idea of pushing type, especially the written word for a medium or “space” as its referred to in this article. Using the medium to exemplify the work, in this case the screen environment, adds interactivity, robustness, fuller/deeper meanings and a depth that an anologue book couldn’t have. This makes good sense and is an exciting prospect, yet, not entirely new, and not without it’s drawbacks. In the article, New Reading Spaces, MaxB questions the progress of screen type between the years 1998 (when he first spoke at the Atypi conference for typographers in Lyon, France) to 2008 specifically. MaxB argues that though fonts have slowly been evolving for screen, slow being the operative word, print fonts like Monaco, a monospaced font, used on Limited Language’s site, are hard to read thus completely wrong for the screen environment. As well bodies of copy are just moved from print into the screen environment with no care for the environment itself. As well, screen readers like The Kindle use software that mimic the analogue book experience, with book page turns, and static bodies of copy, as opposed to advancing the user experience of reading for the screen medium. MaxB’s regards the use of hyperlinked text, and the odd animated copy to be just scratching the surface of what we can do in this “versatile and interactive environment they live in”.1 Creating interactive text that are more in tune with the environment they reside in, MaxB suggests is in it’s infancy. “Such ubiquitous functionality could be used for richer purposes than mere informational messages; it could be used as integral part of a text, and of the reading experience it offers.”2 MaxB used examples of typographic experiments, some his own, to show what’s possible using javascript to animate or create interactive texts. I feel some examples were successful and fun while others were just excrutiatingly frustrating experiences. By pushing text to this degree, I feel the reception from the viewer might be more black and white than it would be to a static print-style text. The novelty could quickly tire and kill the uptake of the texts. MaxB uses a style of interactivity which tends to allow the reader to meander or follow their nose; as they hover over lines of copy to see more copy. This is quite different than the North American print reading style of reading from left to right, top to bottom and cover to cover, a more usual way in which people read an analogue book. This newer more exploratory reading style, and one with new information which is uncovered as one explores helps to create new narratives through their journey. This style of reading or experience was referenced in Limited Language article, This page is no longer on this server. Although the article is talking of just hypertext links and buttons, I think it is also creates a similar experience when revealing type in MaxB’s experiments, “Perhaps the link on the web-page is today’s mini explosion – each click takes us into a new realm: a new page, image or sonic experience... it reminds us of how we consume the visual image and how, like channel surfing, the link has become the fetish itself… constantly zapping to capture what we might be missing.”3 I think when deciding whether a piece of text should be animated or interactive, especially in the more dynamic ways in which MaxB suggests, there are some important strategic questions to ask. Who is the audience? What type of writing is it? What will the benefit of interactivity be for the reader with this text? What type of experience or knowledge do you want the reader to gain from this reading? What duration or length is the text? Is the audience computer savvy? Is this an art or design exercise? Is the book a children’s book, scientific article, piece of poetry, novel, graphic novel? et cetera. There may be a reason why type and typographers have been slow to react. Online texts come with a set of parameters, constraints, and real limitations. It is the designer’s obligation to create the right experience and the right design for the moment. I think this will dictate the level of creativity and

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interactivity that should go into the design of an on-screen typographic piece. The potential of the screen can and should be explored, but not just for the sake of it. The world of online type is being explored however slowly, it is advancing, with programs like SifR or Typekit, which allow most any fonts to be used and viewed cross platform on websites, as well as Blueprint CSS which aids in grid layouts for website design. As MaxB points out, these new advances in online typography hardly seem to be advancing the experience of reading, nor are they using the medium to explore type’s full potential. Instead, they are just mimicking printed materials on screen. Although there are sites that have presented books in incredibly visual, interesting, and dynamic ways in which the reader gets to choose different endings or explore an environment, many of these sites are never explored because they are never found, or there are browser errors or upgrades needed, or the viewer uses a reader that can’t handle animated interactive type. There are standards that designers and coders subscribe to that allow text to be accessed and searched easily and which constrict design. The more experimental and interactive uses of type design actually work against accessibility and searchability. As well, MaxB’s article assumes all internet readers are seeing people despite the fact that a good number are not. WCS 3.0 standards aim to create standards that are inclusive but generally dumb down design and design interactivity. It may sound like I am against—as MaxB puts it —“the potential of the screen as an interesting and engaging medium for reading” 4, but I am not. I am fond of the experimental texts/stories of Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries’ and some of the ideas MaxB’s work puts forth. I feel there is a time and place for these typographic experiments and innovations, but I wouldn’t want to see the innovations stop. Maybe designers are shackled by their love of the haptic book experience as well as the idea that “content is king” an old swiss functional modernist approach that would never allow such an expressive and liberal use of typography. Or perhaps designers today just love static type reminiscent of the print world. There will be a time and place for interactive books. Plus as older designers and ideals phase out a younger generation of designers, who have only ever read copy and books online, will most likely provide a much different, perhaps more interactive, experience for consuming content and copy.

Citations 1. Max Bruinsma, Limited Language, Typographic Design For New Reading Spaces, http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/typographic-designfor-new-reading-spaces/#more-82 (Retrieved 21/10/2010 )

2. Max Bruinsma, Limited Language, Typographic Design For New Reading Spaces, http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/typographic-designfor-new-reading-spaces/#more-82 (Retrieved 21/10/2010 )

3. Monika Parrinder + Colin Davies, Limited Language, This page is no longer on this server 2, http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/ this-page-is-no-longer-on-this-server-2// (Retrieved 05/10/2010)

4. Max Bruinsma, Limited Language, Typographic Design For New Reading Spaces, http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/typographic-designfor-new-reading-spaces/#more-82 (Retrieved 21/10/2010 )

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Study // Limited Language // Work Ethics

Reading #8

Work Ethics by Mario Moura

In the article Work Ethics, Mario Moura highlights two basic ethical dilemmas faced by designers: 1. Are designers doing ethically good work in and for the world, or could they be doing more? 2. Naturally there are ethical issues at play in the designer’s work environment that need to be considered and the “politics and ethics of the design workspace are part of [the] larger picture”. Moura suggests that the inclination for designers to do a bit of “good” work during the course of a year - whether it be for ethical companies, or using ethical materials or designing client’s ethical collateral - is just not enough. Moura says that designers need to do more, and need to stop washing their hands once they have done their token “good” design deed for a paid client. Designers are not “above the harsher realities of their own society”. He then goes on to say that design and designers should be held accountable for all of their activities, and need to look inward at their activities. The process needs to start in the workplace as well as externally. However, much of this conjecture is not adequately backed up with examples, so it is hard to say exactly what he is saying. I think this might be a start to an investigation of our ethical realities, but I am a firm believer - like one of the commentators for this article - that, in reality, this means nothing without support from the top: companies, governments, corporations. Corporations have control of the world, the workers and their money, they have a lot of influence, but ethics are thrown out the window in favour of money. I feel if ethics is your concern, than both the individual and the company should be held accountable. One shouldn’t be hypocritical and not take part in doing good at every level, from the ground up. Statements like “designers tend to see their job as essentially value-free, ethically neutral” suggest that perhaps Moura believes that designers are not free from ethical issues and need to take more responsibility for their actions. Just the act of design is an ethical question in and of itself. The moment one sits down to design or create something, one starts the journey towards producing more matter, more man-made clutter in a world depleted of natural resources. This is definitely a hot ethical topic right now, but is it the only one? Unnecessary materials and energy are used to create materials that talk about using unnecessary materials and energy. Do we need yet another chair, even if it is biodegradable? The more websites we build to spread our messages of conservation, the more data we put online, the more we need data fields and the energy used to run them. Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs, supposedly a technology that will help change the world, has its drawbacks as well. Not only does it take more energy to break down but it contains mercury which makes it hard to dispose of. And guess who gets to do it? Usually poor third world countries who need the money. Funny that they have such a young mortality rate. So the environment seems to be the hottest ethical topic since the early 90’s. With every good invention or design idea and intention there is a bad effect right around the next corner. I don’t think this means design apathy is the way forward. Or, as one of the commentators asks, “do we need design at all?” It is difficult to say where Moura is aligned, with a “less bad” approach, or “being good” as McDonough and Braungart write in Cradle to Cradle. But what of other ethical issues? Moura touches lightly on the idea that there are other ethical issues at work in the workplace... Or does he? The every nature of people coming together and interconnectedness naturally raises other issues, but maybe he is still speaking to the environment. I really like the idea that one of the commentators suggests of turning the ethics question around and into a quality of life issue or, better still, a question of sustainability just not environmental sustainability. “How much of this can we take?” As the commenter writes, “this question goes beyond environmentalism and is able to connect across all ethical issues (racism, sexism, ageism, etc), all working practices, inside and outside of industry and at all levels; by clients, designers, ordinary people, government and so on.” I too feel this view is more encompassing, easier to grasp and work with, “nor does sustainability discount pleasure” and this is an important component to facilitating change that might be easier to swallow and more attainable by all.

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Work Ethics Are designers doing ethically good work in and for the world, or could they be doing more?

Ethical issues in a globalised world are at play in the designer’s work environment as well

The act of design itself is an ethical question in and of itself. The moment one sits down to design or create something, one starts the journey towards producing more matter, more man-made clutter

A new type of ethics

Sustainability a quality of life issue

How much of this can we take?” “this question goes beyond environmentalism and is able to connect across all ethical issues (racism, sexism, ageism, etc), all working practices, inside and outside of industry and at all levels; by clients, designers, ordinary people, government and so on. Nor does sustainability discount pleasure”

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Study // Limited Language // Slow times

Reading #9

Slow Times

The article, “Slow Times”, hits very close to home, and is of particular interest to me. After many years of working in the field of design in exhilarating and fast pace cities like London, and New York. As well as running two companies, simultaneously in Canada, I opted to take a year off to ‘slow down’. Long hours with many meals spent in front of a desk, or rushing from one place to the next, while experiencing fits of road rage behind cars driving the speed limit were a couple indicators that I needed to re-look at my life in a new way. One that would teach me about the sanctity of ‘the moment’ and how to ‘slow down’. Perhaps I should have read about the ‘Slow Movement’. Most of us feel time is speeding up and many of us may feel enslaved by time. As Bruce Sterling wrote, in Shaping Things, “we human beings are time bound entities...our existence does not precede time or postdate time—we personify time”. (Shaping Things, p.53) The article tackles this issue of how technological advancements have been speeding things up. The article claims, which I agree, is that since the modernist era, and with the development of the Futurist movement. Also to consider in this shift was the the advent of the industrial revolution, which encouraged design and technological advancements to create machinery that would help speed things up. Faster transportation; effectively shortening time and distances, faster cities; helping to increase productivity, faster communication; allowing more transactions to happen, faster machines; allowing fewer people to work them, yet more output per person and finally the process itself has developed. It seems when technology and business is combined with mans innate desire for progress, business always adapts to embrace the competitive advantage, thus speeding things up. If we look back 75 years, at the speed in which it took to design a typographic poster, to hand paint or typeset, letter by letter, it took much longer than it does today. Projects took longer because the technology was slower, not because their desire was to go slower. Today with faster technology and processes we do go faster, and business expects we stay in line with technology and accelerate to stay in line with progress. The author maintains that ”the instancy of digital screen-based time changes the way we experience the world.” I agree with the author that digital media/technology and in turn the speed of things is not always a good thing and has its drawbacks. Information is coming towards us “at such a velocity, exacerbated by a lack of filtering or reflection” that there has been a notable decline in the quality of production as well as a decline in the quality of our lives. People often refer to the fact that things were made better many years ago. That craft was both impeccable and important. No doubt this was the case because years ago designers processes required more time to make things, thus more time to reflect and think about the design itself even during the process of making it. John Thackara makes a similar point, in his book, In the Bubble about the ‘rebound effect of innovation’ and that because we no longer have the time to try things out, observe and reflect upon them, the quality of output suffers. While making this observation, Thakara urges us, as designers, not only to design “people back into the picture, [but] to design ourselves more time to paint it” (In the Bubble, p.4) The irony of this technologically faster age is that in some ways these new technologies have slowed us down as well. If we look back to the post war influx of new appliances/machines’ into households. As an example, “some chores were eliminated—hauling water, heating water on the stove, maintaining the kitchen fire but other chores were added most notably the chore of keeping yet another room scrupulously clean”.The new machinery may have reduced the ‘drudgery’ of housekeeping but it increased the number of chores so in the end the time to do housework did not really decrease at all as a result.

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Time speeding up t

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Futurists Wedgewood employs the horn Railway Time 1900 Industrial Revolution Modernists


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A similar thing is happening today as a result of the ‘technological boom’, or ‘information age’. With the glut of information, there has been a vast increase in choice, but this excess of choice has slowed us down to a point where it is creating an inefficiency. The author points this out with the simple example that someone searching Google for a cheap place to eat in Athens resulted in thousands of suggestions as a result. I’m of two minds about the fact that technology can be helpful in speeding things up as well as a hindrance and slow things down. For example, once upon a time, people had to physically get up and go to the library or a book mobile to borrow a book or two on Athens, say, to find a restaurant. Slowly, one would leaf through pages in hopes that the information they were looking for would be found. Now people can find information with the utmost confidence for that same information, from the comforts of my own home, or a cafe or nearly anywhere with an internet connection knowing that I will get the information I need. Albeit maybe more information than I need perhaps. As, Rifkin writes, In the Age of Access, “time and attention becomes the most valuable possession” in today’s age. (Age of Access, p.11) Over the past decade or two there has been a shift and a change in attitude towards the idea of speed, with movements like the ‘slow movement’, as well as events and manifestos on the subject like “slow down London’, ‘slow architecture’, as well as the precursor to all of these, the ‘slow food movement’ started by Carlo Petrinin, Italy, in 1986 as a revolt against the fast food culture. The real point of difference I have with the article is that the example the author gave, the website “Post Secret“ was supposedly an example of a ‘slowing down’ process. Perhaps a momentary slowing down for the artist who submitted the postcard, however the viewer still consumes the bite sized portions of information at mach speed. Even the amount of information that we are designing for websites is about pairing down so people can get the information faster. Slowing down will need more than paying homage to tactile graphics or going back to old methods of doing things occasionally. It will need a total rethink of how important quality is in people life and how we work and consume in today’s society of wanting more for less and for faster. It maybe even a rejection of technology as we know it. Speed is driven by the need for progress and commerce which then trickles down to the home user working in one of these businesses.


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On a tangent, businesses are currently developing software that imposes “time-outs” to help people, shut off for periods of time but as a psychologist wrote, if we are to truly change it needs to be an action one takes without technology’s help.

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Study // Limited Language // Patronising Prada

Reading #10

Patronising Prada By Nicky Hughes

The author Nicky Ryan addresses two main ideas in her article, “Patronising Prada” which is exemplified in the ambiguity of the title of this article. One question to ask is, just who is being patronized if anyone? Is Prada patronising it’s consumers? Or is Prada wanting to be patronised? Or is the artist patronising Prada? Ryan explores the idea that Prada endorses artists that are criticizing Prada’s ‘commercial operations’, as well as the fashion industry in general. As well, is it a good brand strategy for Prada to align forces with a set of critical artists to effectively, get more patronising customers through their doors? Ryan also questions whether the “art-savvy taste community who get the irony and complex codings of contemporary art... enjoy being patronized in this way? And somewhere amongst it all Ryan seems to be questioning the validity of the artists message when they are seen aligning with a brand they are so critical of. As Ryan contends, Prada is not the first ‘luxury brand’ to use the strategy of supporting art in opposition or critique of their business operations to their advantage. Armani, Louis Vuitton, Cartier are just a few brands amongst many that are using this corporate tactic to ‘obfuscate’ its evil side of its operations. Ryan seems to be wary that this tactic will work with consumers however feels that some “artists, who are generally canny and knowing in relation to corporate culture, there is the possibility of subversion from within, a tactic used by the historical avant-garde to facilitate critical distance.” (p. 34, 2010) I applaud this tactic and brand strategy Prada has used, its a smart one and one that helps Prada neutralise the negative criticism. It effectively re-conceptualizes and refocuses the messaging. Fox Entertainment just recently used a similar tactic on it’s series The Simpsons, where Banksy, a famous British graffiti artist, created a controversial and dark opening credit sequence for them. It seemed Banksy was critiquing or making a satire about the Korean animation studios Fox uses, aka. sweat shops, by showing some kittens being used as stuffing for Simpsons dolls or chachka, while an overworked, near dead unicorn was used as a hole punch for Simpsons DVDs, in a dank rat riddles warehouse filled with grey workers. This, like the Prada example, obfuscates any idea of making clear statements. What did Banksy really mean by this animation, what sort of statement or joke at Fox’s expense. As t he animation clearly was not an ‘actual scenario one questions the true nature of what the artist intended. As with Prada, a director at Fox had seen Banky’s recent work, his film, and asked him to do the animated credits for them, out of the blue . As the well used adage goes, ‘If you can’t beat them join them”. This is the confident strategic approach Prada used to obfuscate ‘its own institutional working practises’. What choice did Prada have? They could have changed their operational business model to avoid criticism, but how realistic an approach would that be to an established business? They could have denounced the accusations and looked defensive in the process therefore drawing the noose tighter around their necks. They could have ignored the criticisms and the situation may have slowly petered out over time. Or they could do what they chose to do, and embrace the criticism by being an active participant. I think what they are truly embracing, as is the artist, is that few things are as clear cut as ‘good’ and/or ‘bad’ and Sachs is not only being provocative but drawing attention to this contradiction people and companies face all the time. So one might ask, how might the, as Ryan puts it, “cynical and worldly-wise” consumer, and”art-savvy taste community”, respond to this “patronising” tactic? I think the core ‘cynics’, or rather, Prada audience would feel part of the sophisticated irony of the joke, like they are in on the joke as active participants almost. A small group, may feel tricked, and alienated, but they aren’t likely the true Prada customer so weren’t going to buy Prada anyhow. For some customers, they won’t look deeply into the meaning of the art in relation to Prada. They won’t care what Prada or the art is saying, but will be more affected by the superficial affiliation Prada has to this trendy image as well they most likely would like the subsequent media fury surrounding it.

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Study // Limited Language // Speech, Writing, print

Reading #11

Speech, Writing, Print By Michael Clarke (editor of Limited Language) In the article, “Speech, Writing, Print”, the author, Michael Clarke, brings up the idea of ‘meaning’ in regards to (phonetic) writing in a postmodern theoretical context. It invites us to rethink notions and validity of the spoken, written, and printed word its limitations as well as its misinterpretations. The idea of meaning/understanding is under scrutiny, from both an authors perspective, reader/receivers as well as a designers. The author posits that “[in] the presence of a speaker we hear not only the author but the authority of a statement: written and, even more so, printed texts are denied this authority”(2005). One could argue that in the presence of a drunken babbling man that the receiver would get little or no value in what is said with little authority. On the other hand, a well written book, that has won the Giller prize would be more compelling and garner more respect and attention just by the nature of an award and being published as well as good content. The author in this article, presumes a lot of the receivers of the written/spoken word. If you were to take the above scenario and make it an even playing field, for example, if the author of an article presents their own ideas verbally as well as in a written form one may argue that there is more authority and a greater opportunity of understanding if the author is able to customize their approach to a presentation of their materials as well as answer any questions. Clarke goes on to write that an authors might as well get used to their work being misinterpreted and subjected to being held hostage in a “linguistic straightjacket”(2005). The point of devising a language with a set of rules was to help people communicate with one another, to facilitate meaning and understanding. Similarly, a set of logical rules were created in math, to allow for exact results and a universal understanding; so when two is added to two, everyone can rest assured it will always equal four. Language may not be as perfect as math but it is set up in such a way that meaning can be garnered from a writing if the author intended it to be understood and the rules were followed. The question of meaning and in turn understanding comes into question when the rules are broken. As, Robert Pirsig writes in his book, The Zen in the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, a true understanding of the motorcycle can be obtained by “carefully enumerat[ing] all the motorcycle parts and functions…naming everything, showing the relationships among the things named” so one could learn to put together and tune a motorcycle (1972). The same goes forunderstanding a writing, an anology can be drawn between understanding of the parts and relationships of the parts of a motorcycle (which helps to create a more meaningful understanding of the workings of a motorcycle and its intended use) to that of the parts and relationships in a piece of writing. One could use a similar systematic approach to analysis of a piece of writing by breaking concepts and ideas into smaller parts and examining the relationships between those parts in fine detail so as to find the writing’s meaning. In the examples Clarke presents, of deconstructivist and dadist works, one could argue that the intention of the author was to obfuscate the meaning of the original text allowing the reader to create or derive their own meaning from the sum of it’s parts. The very nature of the writing itself is in question along with its process, hence why the meaning is up for grabs. Using the analogy of the motorcycle again, one could say that if a motorcycle was completely disassembled and then reassembled in a new and arbitrary fashion, that the resulting configuration would no longer be a motorcycle, but a piece of art or something open for interpretation by the viewer and its new author/mechanic. As the commentor quoted from the Helvetica movie, Typefaces express a mood, an atmosphere. They give words a certain colouring...” I would agree that the end product of design can help to illuminate, emphasize, obfuscate or confuse the meaning of a piece of writing. It can imbue it with a unconscious sense or an emotion however, the content of the writing still stands, it either has meaning that can be discovered or it doesn’t. Graphic designers such as, Greiman, Brody and Carson (even Jan Tschold from the 1920’s) of the deconstructivist movement in the late 80’s embraced process, the influx of new typfaces and the computer to the design world. idsgn’s interview with April Greiman, one of the most influential

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Study // Limited Language // Boredom B’dum B’dum

Reading #12

Boredom, b’dum, bdum By Michael Clarke (editor of Limited Language)

The article, “Boredom, b’dum, bdum”, in essence is about boredom and its relative relationship to creativity and how it can be applied to graphic design. Crawely questions the reader whether or not they feel design in a fast-paced, oversaturated and highly stimulated world can create a space that invites boredom, and slows things down to help re-engage creativity. So what is boredom? Boredom is a mental state; it is a lack of interest. Given that we all experience boredom in different situations - a lecture on some esoteric aspect of mathematics may fascinate some and bore others - there is clearly a subjective component. It isn’t simply a lack of stimulus, but rather a lack of any stimulus which, at that moment, captures our interest. As evidenced by the expressions “painfully boring”, “bored to tears” and “bored to death”, we do not typically think of boredom as a pleasant experience. Crawely quotes Kracauer: “‘if we allow ourselves to become truly and deeply bored: ‘if one has the patience, the sort of patience specific to legitimate boredom, then one experiences a kind of bliss that its almost unearthly … in ecstasy you name what you have always lacked’” (p.134, 2010). One gets the sense from this that both Cawley and Kracauer have a specific meaning of the word ‘boredom’ in mind. For them, boredom can be a state of bliss or ecstasy. Crawely appears to view boredom as a bliss-inducing lack of stimulus that leads to creativity. Although I understand Crawely’s simplistic point of view on the concept of boredom, I would suggest that it is not only an absence of stimulus but also an absence or lack of interest, a disengagement leading to a state approaching depression. As people who have experienced creative blocks or depression, finding nothing of interest to latch on to can sometimes be the crux of the problem. I can also say for certain that I have never reached a state of bliss whilst being bored. So perhaps ‘boredom’ isn’t the right word for what Crawely is talking about, and yet, maybe that doesn’t obliterate his point. Perhaps the state to which Crawley is referring is more like the state that is the intended goal of many kinds of meditation which is often thought to bring one to a state of mystical bliss. Although the process is one of clearing away the clutter of external stimulus, it is a refreshed and ready state that primes one to be interested and creatively engaged. If someone continued to gorge themselves day after on fast food so they were always full, they would eventually not even really taste or enjoy their food, as opposed to someone who doesn’t eat for a week for whom a simple meal of raw vegetables would be a feast. The state which Crawley refers to as boredom would be like a period of fasting from intellectual junk food and the high impact, oversaturated communication that people deal with daily. When starved of stimulus, people will be more receptive to deeply nutritious, rewarding thought. It is paradoxical almost as it is stimuli that makes people happy, yet too much of it can lead to a place which is unhealthy and make the person need to seek a place without it.

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Study // Limited Language //After Digital + Digital Glass

Reading #13

After Digital and Digital Glass By Davies and Parrinder and Jon Wozencroft As usual, the articles in question, “After Digital” and especially “Digital Glass” by Jon Wozencroft, make unsubstantiated claims and wander from idea to idea, not ending where they began. The articles talk about the idea that “the internet has been built on the metaphor of speed” but now “in a speeded up digital world the technology has already reached its ‘middle-age’ crisis”1, which, twenty years on, seems a little premature, no matter how speedy the onset of the “internet age” was. Are the articles suggesting that digital technology is fast on a course to its death? And how might technology be in a crisis? Wozencroft writes, “there is sense of fatigue”. Perhaps technology is in a lull before a second coming? Or are we going to last in this sense of “middle age” for hundreds of years now? Technology is ever evolving, moving, and changing. In the past twenty years our world has seen quite a radical shift as a result of technology. But this is the idea of evolution and progress specific to the human condition. Davies and Parrinder posit that “we are seeing a moment of reflection...like Victorian journal entries, [we] try to make sense of the times”. This idea of reflection and fear of progress and change is a common generational attitude and can be deemed as ‘Neophobia’. Neophobia is defined as a “psychological pretext” which gives way to a “pressing fear of things that are new, including changes in routine...”2 For generations, people have tended to be biased towards things that are current and biased against change. The fears surrounding technological innovation in these articles, then, are not surprising. Fears may seem reasonable at the time but often turn out to be uninformed, incorrect or just plain silly. From industrial revolution to modernism to post modernism, to the technological changes of today, periods of transition are often filled with fears that, along with the changes will come dangers to safety, morality, society, children etc. In my short lifetime, fears and criticisms surrounding television have been debated endlessly. Even the children’s television show Sesame Street was under scrutiny for being bad for children’s development. This has since been proven as unsubstantiated. Before that, comics were on trial for the fear that their content would seduce the innocent and rot their minds, which in turn would produce immoral citizens, murderers, and rapists. This led to the censoring of comic book artwork in the 1940’s. Further

back in history, the claims seem even more farcical with fears such as: “the printing press would result in the lack of knowledge” and that access to daily news would cause social hysteria. The science historian Patricia Fara reports that in the 1830s such ridicule was poured onto the futuristic possibilities of steam power, that it was a wide-spread worry that it would lead to complete moral decadence and intellectual deterioration. Some arguments are clearly artifacts of their time...’In Victorian times, it was anticipated that going through a dark tunnel in a train at high speed (30 mph) would be such a shocking experience that people would come out the other side irreversibly damaged. [...] Railway journeys and tabloid newspapers have not had the dire effects that were predicted.”

These fears have often been taken very seriously, to the extent that shows like Sesame Street have been extensively studied by psychologists. And bigger, more all-encompassing shifts have garnered the attention of philosophers, psychologists and other seemingly intelligent people. As the article on Neophobia suggests, though, “aspects of human psychology” and the fact that humans have been evolving and adapting to change for centuries with little effect—at least in regards to the survival of our species - is a fact that is frequently overlooked. This is not to say that there is no cause for concern or that this kind of reflection on major technological shifts and the effects of those shifts is unwarranted or of no use. Quite the contrary. When knee-jerk paranoia is set aside, there are still issues of deep interest and importance, such as the notion of humanising the digital. Technology has allowed the design of things to speed up to such an extent that we have not had time to adequately reflect on our production of things. Ways in which we can better integrate technology into our lives—seamlessly, implicitly, and using more of our human senses—can only be a good thing.

6114 // Christopher Kaltenbach


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Candace Ellicott // Process.

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TECHNOLOGAL NEOPHOBIAS through the ages

1970-1980

1960-1970


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THESIS

Study // Home user in the changing digital landscape

Page 151

Summary: Thesis Topic

As Marshall McLuhan suggests it in his book, The Medium is the Massage (1968) : “Our ‘Age of Anxiety’ is, in great part, the result of trying to do today’s job with yesterday’s tools—with yesterday’s concepts” Although this quote is almost 30 years old, it still holds true today.

Could the cloud; a subscription-model online service currently used by corporations be the next shift in how consumers organize their personal computing as well as their environment? Will digital content and tools for consumers be completely organized into a non-localized paradigm? This paradigm precipitates a continued physical abstraction and removal from the material world of tools and data. Design will help to understand if it is still necessary to analogize the virtual world from the physical and whether we will need physical objects and spaces like the “desktop” anymore. My thesis will take this notion of The Cloud to rethink the relationships between the home user and their digital activities and the environment.


THESIS

Study // Thesis Question // Poster

THE QUESTION: Take10 The personal computing paradigm is shifting from the concrete reality of the desktop computer to one which increasingly incorporates ideas emerging from a cloudcomputing-based approach.

What role can design play in this transition to help visualize the changing digital landscape and propose new possible consumer scenarios?


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THESIS

Yahoo Mail Google OS (TBD) OpenOffice DropBox iTunes

Gmail

Study // Thesis // Area of research

Salesforce Amazon Microsoft

Yahoo Google Consumer Cloud services

The Cloud Cloud Service Utility Computing Providers Grid computing Influencers Cyberspace

SAP

Working habits Data Storage Security & Archiving Customised computing Privacy Location free Time needs Digital Lifestyle 99% Uptime Affordable Twitter Flickr Social Networking Delicious Facebook Linked In Phone Lamp mySpace Disappearing Sticky notes Digg YouTube Calendar desktop Desk Diary Chair Clock Board Games Books CD’s Calculator Radio DVDs

History

Time

Communication Organisation

Personal data

Artifacts Movies Home Video

Music Photos

Personal computing


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Changing Digital Landscape

Exponential growth

Text Image Sound Video Continual digitisation Environment Object People

Technological advancements

Dumb terminals Voice recognition Augmented reality Touch screens

User Psychographics Business users Millenials

Consumers

Baby Boomer Generation X

The Future: Protean

Corporations Financial

Proliferation of affordable computing devices

Periferral technology Wired

Healthcare

Laptops

Wireless

Government

Desktop computer

Feature phones

The disembodiment Tweens of data as a physical entity and its Generation Y transition Echo into Boom a purely conceptual state of existence

Smartphones Netbooks

Ideally, from the end users perspective, The Cloud would be seamless and essentially the same experience. The real immediate changes that come to mind probably revolve around privacy and data persistence.

Ethics Privacy Andrei-3D artist

Data persistence

2000 - "Where is your data" - "Right here on my drive son!" 2010 - "Where is your data" - "I don't know, but I have the password!" 2020 - "Where is your data" - "Its everywhere all the time! What do you mean where is it?"

Security Democracy Affordability

2030 - "Where is your data" - "I swear know!" The disembodiment ofI don't data as a physical entity and its 2040 - "Where is your data" - "Holy shit!" 2050 - "Where is your "Jesus. What have we done." state of existence transition intodata"a -purely conceptual History repeating. Return of the mainframe. Ideally, from the end users perspective, The Cloud would be seamless and Torrent technology. Clients selling cpu-cycles back to the cloud. essentially the samecomputing experience. TheORG realbased immediate Decentralized distributed models. cpu-cyclechanges that come to mindNetwork probably revolve around privacy and data persistence. sharing. neutrality implications. Id say it goes on and on. Its really the defining subject of our time :) Can you -see why Imisupyour late at night!- "Right here on my drive son!" 2000 "Where data"

2010 - "Where is your data" - "I don't know, but I have the password!" Nomenclature 2020 - "Where is your data" - "Its everywhere all the time! What do you mean where is it?" is a term that applies to either a list of names and or terms,

Andrei-3D

Ambient Occlusion 3D pre-rend


THESIS

Study // Rationale // Home user in the changing digital landscape

Rationale People have been theorizing about a completely new digital landscape or pervasive online network for years now. Davies and Parrinder have noted this shift in their book Limited Language. “Once science fiction, as the digital-info world overlays the physical world, it has become everyday fact”(p.59, 2010). The idea of cyberspace is a legitimate reality with the advent of the web but more specifically grid computing / utility computing which corporations have been using for quite awhile now. The next big paradigm shift is how domestic users will organize their personal computing on and offline. Now coined as “The Cloud”. The Cloud, slowly becoming pervasive, uses the internet infrastructure to enable a new type of online ‘access’ model, non-localised subscription-based computing with access to one’s data and applications. As the digital landscape continues to evolve and the realm of personal computing precipitates a continued physical abstraction and removal from the material world of tools and data, it begs the question what of the desktop if any should remain. There continues to be a physical abstraction of one’s personal space and a noticeable shift in consumers buying behaviours from the idea of ownership to that of memberships and subscriptions. It has been illustrated by this analogy cited on the wikinvest website, “If you only need milk, would you buy a cow?” (2) This shift from ownership to membership has also been accelerated by the uptake of much cheaper mobile devices which have limited storage but allow location free online access. As a result the domestic users workspace is changing. In turn so are their personal information collections. The shift from ownership to memberships, physical to virtual, geographic to cyberspace, desktop to cloudtop is the resulting pattern of this changing digital landscape. There is an opportunity for designers to be part of moulding this landscape and shaping its direction. To get a sense of how revolutionary the application of this concept is, Google is about to release the first ever operating system for computers that relies solely on The Cloud to function in early 2011. Just a year ago the idea of someone buying a computer with absolutely no internal storage was unheard of. As Thakara suggests in his book, In The Bubble, the “rebound effect of innovation” has allowed us little time to try things out, test them on a small scale and observe and reflect upon them. While making this observation, Thakara urges us, as designers, not only to design “people back into the picture, [but] we need to

design ourselves more time to paint it” (p. 4, 2006). Now is the time. Similarly, as Ju and Leifer posit, there’s a very real need for less obnoxious interactive systems, which are more responsive to peoples needs. According to Ju and Leifer “there’s a very real sense in which the things around us are infringing a new kind of right that has not needed protection until now. We’re spending more and more time responding to the demands of machines” (p. 72, 2008). This is a great opportunity for design and designers to push outside of ‘the box’, literally. Who says computers need to be rectangular? Why couldn’t a computer be spherical, wearable, or fold out like a multi tool. Why not a projected touch screen or a roll up silicon device that is less breakable and more transportable? These are some questions for designers to considered. Cultural probe research is a design research method that could potentially answer some of these questions. The use of cultural probes will help to design people back into the design process. Cultural probes should provide a clearer picture of what people want and need in their domestic personal computing environments. The cultural probe packs used in this research were distributed to a wide group of hand picked people that aimed to represent a cross section of the North American domestic PC user. The results of the research will provide a qualitative data collection as well as will help to situate the research in social practice. The probes aim to put the user back into the landscape by putting them at the heart of the design research as well as involving them in the design process. The probe method will be useful in providing inspiration for the design project proposal to help illuminate patterns or gaps what domestic users can’t perceive or articulate. This idea is reinforced by Mattelmaki “people are not necessarily capable of demanding improvements, or imagining possible futures” (p.33, 2006). With the results the design research garners from the cultural probes, along with contextual search and review, data visualization, sketches and 3D modelling will a provide unique focus in this emerging area of design. But it is obvious, from several current writings that we are due for a new digital humanism where technology is more sensory, and allows the uniqueness of personhood to prevail. This will be something to strive for in the design proposal.


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A Triangulation of Research Creating A Unique Area of Study

GOAL: Erasing the limitations of location. Creating a seamless and easy to use data space.

Page 157

Virtual Space Subscription-model online services allowing 24/7 online access to all data and apps

Unique opportunity to optimise this convergence Physical Devices A need for technologies to use Implicit Interactions and a more ubiquitous computing space

Digital Personal Information Collections of the home user


THESIS

Study // Thesis // Contextual Search & Review

Unique opportunity to optimise this convergence to help erase the limitations of location

Personal computers Flash drives Laptops Desktop computer Netbooks Keyboards Monitors Hard drives Proliferation of affordable computing devices

Poorly designed devices & experiences Wii

i phone Xbox Kinect Voice recognition Technological

Implicit interactions

advancements

Touch screens

Dumb terminals

Augmented Reality

Ubiquitous Computing Microchip people Proliferation of wireless devices Feature phones Databooks

Smartphones Free Wifi access in big cities


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Cyberspace

Google

Salesforce Microsoft

Cloud Service Providers

Vir tu

The Cloud

al W orld

Personal computing Subscription-Model

Sound Amazon Image Object Video People Text Environment

Continual Digitisation Business Oriented

Access

Utility Computing

Salesforce

Grid computing Rentals

Pervasive Computing Ubiquitous Computing Next Gen Computers Augmented Reality AI

Subscription Leasing

Wii Xbox Kinect Databooks Ipads/Ipod Smartphones

Digg YouTube mySpace Twitter

Facebook Linked In Delicious Flickr

Home User

Social Networking iTunes Photos Movies

Personal Data

Disapearring desktop Millenials Dot coms Pro rotean Protean

Habits

Calculator

Radio Home Video

Generation X

Behaviours

Music

Desk Computer Equipment

Users

Trends

History

Artifacts

Digital Lifestyle

Baby Boomer Bo oomer

Sticky notes

Clock Calendar

DVDs CD’s Books

Can they be changed?

Board Games Diary



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Action Research Methodology Action Research Diagram Design Process Diagram Methodology Diagram Methods Diagram

Summary: Research Methodology

Swann observes that: “[the] new design profession (based, to some extent, on the concept of a mystical gift to provide creative solutions in a consumerdriven market) also came into question from a public that was (and still is) increasingly demanding accountability and responsibility from the designers of our environment� (p49, 2002).

Action research is an interactive problem-finding methodology that invites end users to participate as part of the problem finding and solving process. This methodology may have been around in other fields of research for years but it has only been newly introduced to the design profession. It is a user focused methodology. By recognizing the researchers point of view as subjective, action research seeks to understand a situation through multiple sources, especially through the end-user. By putting the end-user at the centre of the issue researchers are able to improve the way they address problem solving. This process prompts design to seek clues that could not otherwise be found or articulated by the active participants directly.


THESIS

Study // x // x

Action Research Methodology To reinforce the concept of the changing landscape, the article “Modernism 2.0” draws a parallel with the phrase Web 2.0. The term suggests a second iteration or a ‘reloading’ of Modernism, now in its second version, a newer technological modernist web era. As per the modernist times, society has been adjusting to an influx of new technologies, which have impacted daily life, home life, and work life. As Parrinder and Davies write in the article “The Problem with Design” the new technologies and resulting new ways of working “will become increasingly important to design thinking – whether it is the new digital networks of Facebook and MySpace, or the more tangible network of projects…”(p.20, 2010). Traditionally, research methods have kept designers at an arm’s length from coming face to face with the potential user. Designers have often relied on mediators and experts to gain information on the user. This information aimed to group people, averaging out their experiences and stereotyping groups. In contrast, Colin and Monika (2010) suggest that it is important to bring people “into a more reciprocal relationship with their world (p60, 2010)” the designer must empathize with the individual or as the authors propose,“‘people are [the] primary subject matter, and people cannot be neatly defined and labeled. [They] are contradictory, volatile, always surprising” (p. 60, 2010). The use of cultural probes, does just this. As a research method, probes will provide the beginnings of a conversation with the end-user, the domestic user. They should provide cogent information on how they collect, store and retrieve things. Scientists have used legitimate methodologies, for decades now, however, unlike design until fairly recently has not. This is now changing. Not only because technological advancements are trickling down to the domestic user, it has been apparent that there is a need for new and/or re-contextualized methodologies. There also has been a need for designers to legitimise the basis of their creative solutions. This has forced designers to become more methodical, systematic and scientific in their design solutions. Designers started to use existing methodologies such as action research. Swann observes that: “[the] new design profession (based, to some extent, on the concept of a mystical gift to provide creative solutions in a consumer-driven market) also came into question from a public that was (and

still is) increasingly demanding accountability and responsibility from the designers of our environment” (p49, 2002).

Action research as a method is qualitative, whereby the effects of ‘action’ are observed through a logical and systematic process of examination. It is a methodology that goes hand in hand with design to help facilitate social and transformative change. The action research process naturally maps the four phases of design to the four phases of the action research methodology (see diagram 1.0) thus is an obvious choice. “Action research is actually an experiment in design, and involves implementing an action to study its consequences.” writes the Center for Collaborative Action Research (CCAR). However the two are distinct fields that happen concurrently. The four phases of action research: plan, act, observe and reflect closely resembles the four phases of design, research, analysis, synthesis and evaluation, both are a cyclical approach to problem solving and finding. Action research is an interactive problem-finding methodology that invites end users to participate as part of the problem finding and solving process. This methodology may have been around in other fields of research for years but it has only been newly introduced to the design profession. It is a user focused methodology. By recognising the researchers point of view as subjective, action research seeks to understand a situation through multiple sources, especially through the end-user. By putting the end-user at the centre of the issue researchers are able to improve the way they address problem solving. This process prompts design to seek clues that could not otherwise be found or articulated by the participants directly. The CCAR contends that “over time, action researchers develop a deep understanding of the ways in which a variety of social and environmental forces interact to create complex patterns. Since these forces are dynamic, action research is a process of living one’s theory into practice” (2006). This research methodology encourages an ever-evolving and continual lifecycle, as does the design process. There is no real end, just a continual cycle of reflection and improvement. This is another relatively new way of working for designers who tended to have open and closed project to project lifecycles.


MDes Fall 2010

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Action Research Diagrams

Swann, C, (2002) . Action Research and the Practice of Design Design Issues, Vol. 18, No. 1 The MIT PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1512029 pp. 49-61 (Accessed Oct.10 2010)

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THESIS

Study // Thesis // Contextual Search & Review

My typical design process

The 4 Phase Design Proces ess s An iterative process

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The Design Process “The design process is iterative. It can only be effective if it is a constant process of revisiting the problem, re analyzing it and synthesizing revised solutions� (p.53)

Swann, C, (2002) . Action Research and the Practice of Design Design Issues, Vol. 18, No. 1 The MIT PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1512029 pp. 49-61 (Accessed Oct.10 2010)

2.8 Mock Up

D

2.6 Concept & Sketches

2.7 Refine Concepts


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Design Process mapped to Methodolgy Action Research Methodology

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Action research uses ‘solution-focused’ or problem finding strategies. It is based on three overarching principles. The research is: 1. it is situated in social practice to create change 2. collaborative and participatory 3. an iterative and reflective process


THESIS

Study // Thesis // Contextual Search & Review

Mapping my methods to the methodology Action Research Methodology Thesis Methods Integrated

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Write Outline Strattegic Plan Stra Diagramatics Cultural Probes

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Construct Meaning


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Reflection Critical reflection is an integral part of the Action Research Methodology, so naturally it’s built into the thesis research process. TCCAR explain that “this form of research...is an iterative, cyclical process of reflecting on practice, taking an action, reflecting, and taking further action. Therefore, the research takes shape while it is being performed” (para. 5, 2010) The point of a reflective process is to gather new information from old that leads to new understanding and more relevant directions. One of the more obvious methods of reflection for this thesis is forming a contextual literature review which once read and summarized leads to a new understanding, a new set of questions and avenues for research. Questioning is the key method of reflection that helps guide this process of research. CCAR claims that “good questions often arise from visions of improved practice and emerging theories about the change that will move the researcher closer to the ideal state of working practices” (para. 6, 2010). Just as rigourous questioning has helped define my thesis focus. This kind of question deepens knowledge on a given area and demands close examination of evidence garnered from varying perspectives. It also seeks to challenge conventions as well as subjective and pre-proposed theories.Through the use of sketches, diagrams, and data visualization, quicker and more effective ways of reviewing data is created for the process of reflection. Data visualization in particular aims to recontextualize information through abstraction which can lead to finding new patterns and trends in the information. A taxonomy will also serve to help discover patterns and gaps in the information reviewed and collected to date. The participants in the cultural probes ensures capturing the voice of the domestic user. will help be a testing bounce ideas off of and test my theories. So in summary, reflection is a vital aspect to any creative process, but is intrinsic to both action research methodology as well as the design process to deepening knowledge.

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THESIS

Study // Thesis // Contextual Search & Review


Thesis // Personal Project

Projects Included in this section //

Study // Contextual Search & Review

Literature Review

Summary: Contextual Search and Review

The Contextual Review is an ongoing activity throughout research. At the outset, it helps to shape and position a research topic and connect it to other significant research, as well as identifying a specific space into which you might make a contribution. This is a mapping process—where is the research in the wider scheme of things? As work progresses the map might expand, shrink or change shape as relevant new references are identified and reviewed, and some earlier references become less important. In the final phases of the research the Contextual Review becomes an essential section/chapter of the thesis that allows you to explain your argument in relation to selected key references. This is much more concise and directional —like a river, where the main current is your argument into which important tributaries of other research flow. There are two distinct phases in developing an understanding of your proposed research area through a Contextual Review. (1) Initial surveys, to establish the proposal’s rationale and viability, to provide some background information, and to help focus the proposal. From these searches a set of relevant references/sources can be compiled into a bibliography and/or a ‘store’ of non-textual source material. (2) The use of these references/sources to develop a critical review of your research context, leading to the identification of your own particular research question and the development of a convincing argument. In both phases it is important to keep precise records of your inquiry so that you, and other researchers, can trace and revisit the material. It is also important to keep updating the information with new references as the field around you develops. The research habits of learning to select, record and use references are as important as the content itself. Unknown resource

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THESIS

Study // Thesis // Contextual Search & Review

Contextual Search and Review The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google Nick Carr The book parallels the change in history 100 years ago, with what is going on today with technological changes. The change of generating electricity individually to plugging into an electric grid and it’s pervasiveness is similar to what is happening with the web grid, and plugging into the internet. Now with the idea that computing is turning into a utility, and the idea of the cloud, it is and will change the fabric of society as profoundly as cheap electricity had. The Age of Access Jermey Rifkin One could say that Rifkin was predicting the advent of “cloud” computing... Rifkin notes a shift as a result of the way technological changes are running their course. He observes that people pay for the experience of using things–in the form of subscriptions, memberships, leases, and retainers more now. People are no longer wanting to buy things outright and own, as it becomes a “corporate liability” Rifkin suggests. As well Rifkin sees a new type of person “a protean person ”evolving as a result of a “hypercapitalist” society. Information Shadows: How Ubiquitous Computing Serializes Everday things Lecture: Mike Kuniavsky In this presentation, Kuniavsky looks at the idea of serialization of everyday objects, (with the advent of RFIDs) which give objects “information shadow” traceable, trackable histories. All objects need are “information handles” that allow people to see the information that it has been collected and allow them to write code to respond to it. An era of small, cheap ubiquitous technology will change what we can do with design, to allow more personalisation, etc. Kuniavsky borrows his definition of ubiquitous computing from Marc Weiser, the man who coined the term to mean “a concept where computers could be woven ‘into the fabric of everyday life until they are undistinguishable from it’”. How Do You Relate to Your Desk? Film: Aaron Trinder Filmmaker, Trinder looks at the desktop as we know it, and he poses the question “How do you relate to your desktop?” A series of contemporary designers answer this question. One designer speaks about Chiatt Day’s experiment where he tries to create the office of the future, effectively taking away everyone’s desk and computer. It failed dismily.


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Contextual Search and Review BumpTop 3D Desktop Prototype Film: Youtube: Unknown http://bumptop.com/ What is too much of a desktop analogy?

Curious Displays: Thesis Project: Julia Tsao http://vimeo.com/9486977 Why do desktops and displays need to look like paper substitues? Or as Julia suggests, “displays are fixed-size/ratio surfaces that provide an entry point to a defined experience with digital media content. Curious Displays is not that, Julia looksat a new platform for display technology. Display surfaces broken into hundreds of .5 inch display blocks. Each block operating independently of another but are aware of the position and roles of other blocks. Implicit interactions Wendy Ju and Larry Leifer Computer technologies are becoming prolific and infringing on our everyday lives, creating more work, not less, and some of it is down to the interaction design. Ju believes we need new ways of thinking about how we design interactive products so that they are more helpful than they are annoying. Ju outlines implicit interactions as an emerging area of applied design research that investigates the design of implicit interactions. “We’re spending more and more time responding to the demands of machines.” In the Bubble: Designing In A Complex World by John Thackara This book asks and answers plenty of important questions for the future of design and planning in the world as we know it. How might we design a world in which we rely less on technology—and more on people? How can we make complex systems simpler? What is this stuff for? What value does it add to our lives? What are the rebound effects of our speedy innovations. How can we design smarter and put people at the centre. Can we be designing more services and less products?

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Study // Thesis // Contextual Search & Review

Contextual Search and Review The personal curation of digital objects: A lifecycle approach by Peter Williams, Jeremy Leighton John, Ian Rowland This paper helps us to better understand how people create, organise, manage, use and dispose of their personal digital archives. With the increasing volume of data & collections being stored by individuals in their personal capacities there is a need to find ways to preserve the material. Home users show a great diversity in how they manage and archive files at just about every point in the digital information cycle: much more so than in formal repositories. Practices exhibited are not always conducive to efficient document management. This represents a very keen challenge for professional curatorial practice.

Beaming to the Cloud All the Mess That Is Our Digital Life NY Times, Oct. 24 2010 by SARAH WACHTER “We are overwhelmed with digital and virtual assets,” said Matt Anderson, an analyst with the research firm Booz & Co. Estimates that the U.S. market for content management services will expand 50 percent over the next 4 to hit $4 billion by 2012. People have an appetite for paid storage and Microsoft, Sony, etc., will offer consumers Cloud Storage Services. $12 is what people are willing to pay.

The rough guide to Cloud computing: 100 Websites That Will Change Your Life by Rough Guides A new source published on the “most” useful cloud applications for personal and business reference.

Dialogues II: The actual and The Virtual+The folds of Post-Identity Deleuze, G. and Parnet, C. A source for philosophical understanding and inspirtation, French philosopher G. Deleuze as well as Focault. With concepts of the rhizome (1987-organized structure that has much in common with the social, cultural, and technological networks we see today). His thoughts on what is reality, the fact they are comprised of two interrelated aspects, the actual and the virtual (2007). Further investigation is needed.


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Books still to be read and reviewed

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Electric circuitry has overthrown the regime of “time” and “space” and pours upon us instantly and continuously the concerns of all other men. It has reconstituted dialogue on a global scale. It’s message is Total Change, ending psychc, social, economic and political parochialism.

- Marshall McLuhan & Quentin Fiore The Medium is the massage. An inventory of effects


Thesis // Personal Project

Projects Included in this section //

Study // Methods

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Proposed Methods Stake holders Cultural Probes Personas Sketching Data Visualization

Summary: Methods of Research

The research methods will assist in problemfinding and help with the syntheses and a better understanding of this research.


THESIS

Study // Method // Cultural Probe packs

Research Methods Contextual Literature Review: of 10 seminal writings 5 Whys: which help to challenge my thesis idea and pre-conceptions Cultural Probe Pack: the partcipatory aspect of this research which seeks to investigate the end- users life in their own domestic environment, to uncover how they relate to their desk, as well as a closer investigation of their Personal Information Collections (PIC) Interviews: of the Probe pack survey group will be conducted to help get a better understanding of their probe pack information as well as how technology affects their lives Sketching: will help with a reflective interpretation of data and seeks to find opportunities Mind Mapping: of different ideas like, the cloud apps for holes, Probe pack persona rationale Relational Mapping: sketching out thesis boundaries as a reflective process, as well as Probe pack persona rationale Diagramatics, Schematics & Data Visualization: prototype sketches of design project Taxonomy: of terms which will define words or phrases used in the thesis report as well as gave a greater and deeper understanding of common terms that had been encountered in readings Scenario Building: of design outcomes, helps seek possibilities and opportunities Personas: will help to create empathy with target audiences Historical Time Line: to see changes, trends and patterns over time


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Stakeholders Domestic Users/consumers: Early adopters will be the biggest target audience, however; specifically people who are tech savvy and want to exist everywhere, without a disconnect, independent of devices but still have complete access and control over all their digital collections. Non Savvy technology consumers: The project portion of the thesis will aim to design for the lowest common denominator, although early adopters are most likely to be most interested in this. Corporate Consumers: Technology business always are looking for the next big thing, whats around the next corner to buy or be bought, as this area is new, any new research or ideas would be of interest to this group. Software developers: may have a vested interest in the trends and holes found in this research, as well as research about implicit interactions. Hardware developers: may have an interest in the research and trends around pervasive computing, ubiquitous computing. Design Research Community: should find this research interesting as a portion of the research will be how to enable designers to become more mobile. There will also be valuable research in the impacts of this to date. Social Science and Humanities Researchers: could find the research on the changing social condition of interest. Human Computer Interaction Designers: Because human-computer interaction studies a human and a machine in conjunction, it draws from supporting knowledge on both the machine and the human side. This thesis will address both sides of this equation so this audience might be interested in the research findings.


THESIS

Study // Method // Cultural Probe packs

Cultural Probe Packs The probes approach can be used as a tool for collecting empathetic material both for inspiration, research and information especially in user centered design concept processes. to uncover social and cultural issues.


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THESIS

Study // Method // Cultural Probe packs


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THESIS

Study // Method // Cultural Probe packs

Cultural Probe Packs The actual pack was sent out to 25 people, only 10 physical and 15 emailed versions.


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The pack contents Step#3: What’s the down side to making this a virtual pack? People may not take it as seriously?

Your g analo r e record

The 3 main questions Instructions & Expectations Timeline Digi files hand off Snack-thankYou

Glue Stick

’s

Sarah

Post its

I am hoping to make spiral bound diaries that contain a few designed pages with exercises people could complete if they so wanted to. Scissors

PHOTOS PLEASE

Postcard-Reminder to take photos as documentation

Stickers

Coloured papers

Another recording device A sheet of newsprint

Colourful writing/drawing utensils


THESIS

Study // Method // Cultural Probe packs

Choosing the right people for probe The probe candidiates are representative of an “average” Canadian/North American home user.

VARYING DEMOGRAPHICS

VARYING PSYCHOGRAPHICS

VARYING PROFESSIONS

VARYING COMPUTING NEEDS & SKILLS

Gaming Single Parent Male Designers Baby Boomer Teenager Gen X Work Pleasure Social Worker Gen Y Millennial Nuclear Family Female Entrepreneur Hetrosexual Artist Communication Veterinanrian Carpenter Single Homosexual 14 yrs DINKS 41 yrs French Entertainment Teacher Data Processing Hard core User 25 yrs 37 yrs English Chinese 62 yrs Business Owner 51 yrs Computer Specialist 35 yrs Self proclaimed Ludite Lawyer

Adult Teenager


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THESIS

Study // Method // Personas

Persona Building: Dot-Com baby

Generation X

Millennials

Baby Boomers


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Tween has been used to describe children between the ages of 9 and 14. Synonyms: preteen, tweenager, tweenie, Generation We, Generation Z. Tween often ends with the onset of puberty. Marketers no longer target kids aged 2–11 as one segment. There are five separate targets: Toddlers (0–3), Preschoolers (2–5), Kids (6–8), and Tweens (9–14) Tweens have a lot of influence over their parent’s spending. Statistics show 8–12-year-olds spend 30 billion US dollars of their own money annually and influence another US$150 billion of their parents’ spending each year.[7] In addition, Tween spending power worldwide is estimated at US$170 billion.[8] wiki

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THESIS

Study // Method // Sketching

Sketching:

The Internet, he wrote, is turning into a “megacomputer,” a “gargantuan Machine” that “will evolve into an integral extension not only of our senses and bodies but our minds.” This machine will become “a collaborative interface for our civilization, a sensing, cognitive device with power that exceed[s] any previous invention.” It is providing, he wrote, echoing John Perry Barlow, “a new mind for an old species.” In the end, “we will live inside this thing.” Kelly is right about one thing at least. We are coming to live inside the World Wide Computer. The Big Switch Nicholas Carr page 124


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THESIS

Study // Method // Cloud applications mind map

Cloud Computing Applications


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Cloud Applications: What’s missing?

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THESIS

Study // Method // Apple & Cloud applications

Cloud Computing Applications


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THESIS

Study // Method //Reflection, Implicit Interactions

Implicit Interactions


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THESIS

Study // Method // Data Visualization

How do I use technology?


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What hardware & software do I use?


THESIS

Study // Method // Data Visualization

Data visualising my computer useage & changes over the past 20 years


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Thesis // Personal Project

Projects Included in this section //

Study // Specified Outcomes

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Outputs & Outcome & Future Upcoming and Current Technological Trends Brainstorming: Scenarios

Summary: Specified Outcomes

It’s looking more like a combination of setting up and trialing a personal cloud is going to be important as well as looking at producing a device and/or HCI interface: Until the probe pack data and interviews are complete, it will be important to assess and review them thoroughly as they could be vital to the design proposal.


THESIS

Study // Specified Outcomes // Expected Outcomes

Gantt Chart-April 15-Thesis-Prep Exposition: Sun/Mon/Tue 19th Opening ACTIVITIES

SEPT

OCT

NOV

Contextual Search and Review Seminal Literature Review Design Print & Web version of Cultural Probe Cultural Probe Pack dissemination Cultural Probe collection and assessment Related Technology focussed Interviews Reflective Activities Summarise & Organise Seminal Reading Questioning: 5 whys Questioning: 5 whos Questioning: 5 what ifs Data visiualise Probe Pack Analysis Diagramatics, Cloud Computing Scenario Building 3D Modelling Taxonomy Writing and Practice Write and agree an outline Write introduction to Thesis Write full thesis Edit full Thesis Project Design Project Protoytyping & Peer Evaluation Thesis Due Exposition

LEGEND Activity completed Activity to be completed No Activity

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR


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Assumptions thus far Expected Outcomes 1. Unprecedented changes in the past 100 years, from electricity becoming pervasive to the printing press then a technology boom leading to the internet (1969) and the World Wide Web, (1991) 2. The word ‘access’ has changed from a noun to a verb. It was once was confined to questions of admittance to physical spaces, now it is now a verb in the dictionary for the first time signalling its new more expansive use in human discourse... Now access is one of the most used words in contemporary society and it signals how society is changing as a result. 3. “From terra firma to terabits.” Countries, corporations and now the individual, from physical to virtual, online and connected,. There is an increasing volume and diversity of digital information objects being captured and stored 4. Shifts: A. geography–cyberspace, B. industrial–cultural capitalism, C. ownership–access, D. desktop– cloudtop 5.a Trends show: Cloud computing is in its infancy, especially in personal computing arena, Google and Microsoft and Amazon are leading the way. Access won’t be the only area to navigate but digital persistence will be a big issue as well. 5.b Trends show: Desktop computers are being rendered obsolete with devices like netbooks, smart phones, tablets, thin clients. 6. Behaviours and needs of consumers are changing; a new culture is evolving producing a “new human archetype, the Protean persona” 1 , tweens and dot com kids... 7. The volume and diversity of digital information being captured and stored in personal archives has greatly increased in recent years 8. PIM & PIC: are ripe for investigation; Little is known about how individuals manage digital information in their personal capacity, outside of their corporate or institutional employment 9. The market is flooded with new technologies and devices but they are often complex and/or designed poorly as a result of the speed in which technology is evolving. 10. Ubiquitous computing, which can help to make more implicit an interaction as well as smarter and more humanized computing, is in it’s infancy

Knowledge aquisition. Understanding of the changing computational paradigm “the Cloud” and other shifts Understanding of the history of changing digital landscape “the Cloud” and other shifts A knowledge of the predictions and trends for changing digital landscape “the Cloud” and other shifts Understanding of ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, implicit interactions Understanding of Personal Information management (PIM) and Personal Information Collections (PIC) A philosohical understanding of virtual versus real versus analogue and physicality Understanding of the impact of the new digital landscape on home users


THESIS

Study // Specified Outcomes // Scenario Building

TRENDS: New, emerging and theoretical interface technologies... Hardware: display technology 2009: An MDES Project—Student Julia Tsao created Curious Displays functions simultaneously as a form of design research and as a proposal for a new product, a future display technology. The project explores our relationship with devices and technology by examining the multi-dimensionality of communication and the complexity of social behavior and interaction. In its essence, the project functions as a piece of design fiction, considering the fluctuating nature of our present engagement with media technology and providing futurist imaginings of other ways of being.

Heads-up display (HUD): is any transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. The origin of the name stems from the pilots being able to view information with heads “up” and looking forward, instead of looking downward at lower instruments.

GM’s HUD Windshield: General Motors’ head-up display (HUD) technology helps keep drivers focused on the road by projecting important information like vehicle speed and warning messages on a small portion of the windshield. The enhanced vision technology will span the window’s entire surface and provide drivers with more info.

THE DESKTOP IS DEAD: Welcome to the Internet cloud, where massive facilities across the globe will store all the data you’ll ever use. George Gilder on the dawning of the petabyte age. Industry has returned to The Dalles, albeit industry with a decidedly postindustrial flavor. For it’s here that Google has chosen to build its new 30-acre campus, the base for a server farm of unprecedented proportion. Two amenities in particular make this the perfect site for a nextgen data center. One is a fiber-optic hub linked to Harbour Pointe, Washington, the coastal landing base of PC-1, a fiber-optic artery built to handle 640 Gbps that connects Asia to the US. A glassy extension cord snakes through all the town’s major buildings, tapping into the greater Internet though NoaNet, a node of the experimental Internet2. The other attraction is The Dalles Dam and its 1.8-gigawatt power station. The half-mile-long dam is a crucial source of cheap electrical power – once essential to aluminum smelting, now a strategic resource in the next phase in the digital revolution. Indeed, Google and other Silicon Valley titans are looking to the Columbia River to supply ceaseless cycles of electricity at about a fifth of what they would cost in the San Francisco Bay Area. Why? To feed the ravenous appetite of a new breed of computer. Moore’s law has a corollary that bears the name of Gordon Bell, the legendary engineer behind Digital Equipment’s VAX line of

advanced computers and now a principal researcher at Microsoft. According to Bell’s law, every decade a new class of computer emerges from a hundredfold drop in the price of processing power. As we approach a billionth of a cent per byte of storage, and pennies per gigabit per second of bandwidth, what kind of machine labors to be born? How will we feed it? How will it be tamed? And how soon will it, in its inevitable turn, become a dinosaur? One characteristic of this new machine is clear. It arises from a world measured in the prefix giga, but its operating environment is the petascale. http://www.wired.com/wired/ archive/14.10/cloudware.

HUD from Contact Lenses with Embedded LEDs: a prototype contact lens developed by Electrical Engineering Assistant Professor Babak Parviz out of the University of Washington. While I don’t believe the prototype can currently project a full-view HUD ontop of what you are looking at, Parviz is focusing on embedding LEDs into the lens to get the basics of display going at the “holyshit-I-have-a-bionic-eye” level. Think of a time when we can all stop talking to each other completely and dating sites come some past-time activity.

Imagine if you could just look at someone and see their compatibility rating to you, floating above their head. Then you would know if you should go over and talk to them or not. Yes these things are years off, but with technology like this advancing the the penetration of social networking sites, why would that be so far off? How much longer until you can combine your FaceBook and MySpace profiles together or bind them to your dating-site profile? Then just let those dating site algorithms find you a date.


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No-ware: holographic technology

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Hardware: devices

A CRANBROOK STUDENT created this computer “pool” in 1989, it is touch technology interface and the grass is also a stimulus that interfaces with the computer. TOUCHSCREENS EVERYWHERE: A blurrier divide between real and virtual worlds opens up. Digital interfaces are going big—so big pretty soon we might not be able to distinguish between what’s real and what’s fake, whether we’re talking about ads on the street or the reflection in the mirror. That’s ‘cause designers are starting to experiment with

screens that penetrate all aspects of the physical world, from the pavement to the bathroom to the air we breathe. Below, we’ve got a roundup of the coolest—and, yeah, occasionally disturbing—design concepts.

around like a shadow puppet and does pretty much anything you want: navigate the streets, send email, organize your schedule -- even throw down an air hockey game on the street.

Ivan Tihienko’s Ringo interface is designed to replace cell phones and PDAs. It’s a holographic projection that follows you

http://www.fastcodesign. com/1662261/the-future-of-information-touchscreens-everywhere-video

Minority Report-style web surfing with Kinect: Depth JS is a web browser extension that allows any web page to interact with the Microsoft Kinect via Javascript. This demo from MIT Media Lab’s Fluid Interfaces Group who’ve created a Chrome browser extension, called DepthJS, that uses a gesture interface to control a standard web browser using a Microsoft Kinect controller. The effect is strikingly similar to the touchfree UI from the movie Minority Report. It may not be the most efficient method to interface with a browser, but it has to be one of the coolest. http://vimeo.com/17180651

Minority Report’s Gestural Interface Now An (Augmented) Reality…the TED presentation that showed John Underkoffler showing his Minority Report interface to the audience. It now seems that this is a reality from this video posted on Singularity Hub (via TechCrunch.) This specific interface is often referenced in Augmented Reality presentations to show how AR is used in a projected future from the movie, but now it appears that it is in fact a reality.

WATCH FACE: Sony Ericsson LiveView: You’ve been asking for someone, anyone, to please kick out a tiny remote control display that can save you from having to whip your smartphone out for every little thing and Sony Ericsson, it seems, has listened. The 1.3-inch OLED screen above is a new Bluetooth accessory for Android 2.x

iPAD GLOVES: FIVEPOINT gloves keep your hands warm while using your iPhone, iPad, iPod and other touch-screen devices. They have speciallydesigned conductive fingertips, that let you touch, tap and type on touch-screens without ever having to take them off.

phones that’s said to function very much like a desktop widget. There’s an app you can install on your phone that’ll get it to communicate with the 128 x 128 pixel grid, which can then be used to read messages, find your phone, control music playback, and receive those precious social networking updates from your friends.


THESIS

Study // x // x

Hardware: Projected technologies

SHOWWX+™ Laser Pico Projector: the world’s first laser projector is now even brighter - our PicoP® display engine allows you to enjoy deep, rich color projection with bright

With an Interface Like This, a Smartphone Might Replace Your Laptop: Smartphones might one day replace laptops, desktop CPUs, and the like -- except for the fact that the displays remain insufferably small. One designer’s solution, envisioned with community input through Mozilla Labs: project the interface clear off the screen.

Seabird is a concept phone by Billy May (the guy behind Nike’speripheral-vision shades), and it’s designed to make it way more efficient to input data on a handheld device. So it comes equipped with two pico projectors that throw a sensor-controlled virtual keyboard around your phone like a pair of wings, half on the left side, half on the right --

and vivid laser images that are always in focus. Even on curved surfaces. We call this ‘infinite focus’.

http://www.fastcodesign. com/1662373/with-aninterface-like-this-asmartphone-might-replaceyour-laptop

Hardware:Touch screen

Spoon Lets You Run Portable Desktop Apps From Your Browser: you can run a ton of different programs without downloading or installing anything. Apps available range from TweetDeck to Notepad++ to Thunderbird to even browsers like Chrome, Firefox and Opera. It can also run a large number of games

Computer games as design tools FRONT DESIGN, STOCKHOLM: Can a designed object exist without materialisation? A large part of a designers job is the visualization of objects. Some products will never make it past the visual or textual rendering. We are curious about exploring

the non-materialized object. We have created a series of objects within the condition of a computer game. What kind of objects can be designed where the forces of nature are put aside and we can utilise materials that do not exist?


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Software: OS

Nightstand Prints Photos and Scans: Countless projects have tried to figure out how to retain some of the tangibleness lost in our increasingly digital world. Few of them have done it as convincingly as Tableau, a beautifully simple, Twitterconnected photo printer and scanner. As designer John Kestner deems it, Tableau is an “anticomputer” experience. In short, it makes digital things physical and physical things digital. The only interface is the nightstand’s drawer—drop things in the drawer and they get scanned and posted to Twitter.

BumpTop is a fun, intuitive 3D three years ago, we set out to completely change the way people use desktop: It keeps you organized

their desktops. We’ve been acquired and makes you more productive. Like a real desk, but better. More than by Google!—May 2010.

Tableau is currently on exhibit at the Saint-Étienne Biennale 2010, though Kestner’s website says that it’s in development for wider production next year.

Hardware: Netbooks

Ubiquitous devices

Stretchable Silicon, We’ll Soon Wear Our Computers: Now that Reebok has teamed up with semiconductor makers MC10, they plan to produce a line of garments with embedded, stretchable silicon processors, I’m only interested in wearable. According to Technology Review, Reebok’s planned clothing line could be used not only to measure basic body metrics, such as heart rate, but also more involved things such as pH levels, joint strain and blood pressure. And what makes this concept so neat doesn’t lie in the sensor technology, but rather the fact that the CPU itself would not just sit in an external box, but would rather be an unassuming part of the clothing. Reebok’s partner MC10 think this tech could be in our hands in as soon as a couple years.

Google Chrome Cr-48 notebook: a new type of notebook computer that exists solely as a host organism for the Chrome web browser, and uses the Web to host all of its apps and data. Notebooks, at their inception in late 2007—are smaller laptops optimized for low weight and low cost yet purposefully omit

The first-ever Cloud OS: It’s a fully cloud-based operating system that works inside the Chrome browser, complete with instant-on power and free mobile data support from Verizon. What’s Chrome OS, again? Chrome OS is Google’s operating system that works entirely

certain features like a built in hardrive, and offered reduced specification and computing power which will hook up nicely to The Cloud. A dumb terminal on the other hand has no internal microprocessor and thus no processing power independent of its host computer.” although in this

within the browser, meaning you can run it inside any Chrome browser, on any supported OS (like Windows or Mac), or on a dedicated machine. Chrome provides you with access to “folders” from inside the browser, caching apps and documents you need for offline use. Google believes we can do everything with web-based apps that we can do with native apps. How do apps work? Web apps launch in a full screen mode, offering an immersive experience, and eliminating the feel of typical, browser-based apps. There was a demo of a Cloudbased version of Excel running inside Chrome OS, at nearly full speed.

case, I don’t mean something as specific as that, of course. The inference is that now, the dumb terminal can be more like a real computer. The important thing is that it mostly uses it’s computing power to connect with another device that actually does most of the heavy lifting

Software: Cloud OS


THESIS

Study // x // x

RFID codes & QR barcodes = tracking meta data of our future Looks like RFID tags could leapfrog 2d codes as the preferred physical world hyperlink. Mobile ticketing that uses RFID phones. Manchester City will become the first football club in England to offer entry to its stadium using radio frequencyenabled (RF) mobile phones when it plays Arsenal this weekend.

QR bar codes (photo left) embedded into the mosaic of the station posters (photo above) - each ‘tile’ is a separate

bar code. Snap a photo of the bar code with an appropriate camera phone to follow the link. From Shibuya station.

The club has provided a small group of volunteers with nearfield communication phones with embedded RF chips, and will make them generally available at Christmas. Fans can use the phones to download tickets, open turnstiles when they pass the device over the reader, purchase merchandise and store electronic money.

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) barcode below: is a technology that uses communication via radio waves to exchange data between a reader and an electronic tag attached to an object, for the purpose of identification and tracking. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. The application of bulk reading enables an almost parallel reading of tags. (wiki)

Fans can already enter the ground using RFID smartcards. Those wanting to take advantage of the mobile service will have to upgrade their phones to an RF-enabled Nokia device supplied by Man City

A QR Code (above) is a matrix barcode (or two-dimensional code): readable by QR scanners, mobile phones with a camera, and smartphones. The code consists of black modules arranged in a square pattern on white background. The information encoded can be text, URL or other data. Common in Japan, where it was created by Toyota subsidiary Denso-Wave in 1994, the QR code is one of the most popular types of two-dimensional barcodes. QR is the abbreviation for Quick Response, as the creator intended the code to allow its contents to be decoded at high speed. (wiki)

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags can cost just a penny apiece, rather than the dime or more they currently run. Now South Korean researchers say they have the technology to print RFID circuits on plastic film, courtesy of nanotubecontaining inks, Technology Review reports.

A version of the RFID tags slated to hit the market later this year would be the first product to use printed transistors based on carbon nanotubes. Printing means the application of different layers of antenna coils, nanotube inks, and capacitors and diodes.

Fans can use the phones to download tickets, open turnstiles when they pass the device over the reader, purchase merchandise and store electronic money.


MDes Fall 2010

Augmented reality (AR) is a term for a live direct or indirect view of a physical real-world environment whose elements are augmented by virtual computer-generated sensory input such as sound or graphics. It is related to a more general concept called mediated reality in which a view of reality is modified (possibly even diminished rather than augmented) by a computer. As a result, the technology functions by enhancing one’s current perception of reality. In the case of Augmented Reality, the augmentation is conventionally in real-time and in semantic context with environmental elements, such as sports scores on TV during a match. With the help of advanced AR technology (e.g. adding computer vision and object recognition) the information about the surrounding real world of the user becomes interactive and digitally usable. Artificial information about the environment and the objects in it can be stored and retrieved as an information layer on top of the real world view. The term augmented reality is believed to have been coined in 1990 by Thomas Caudell, an employee of Boeing at the time. (wiki)

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Gadgets help baby boomers navigate old age By Fred Bayles, USA TODAY, CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — Throughout their lives, baby boomers have dominated the marketplace. The generation of 78 million consumers born from 1946 to 1964 once made hula hoops a hit. As teens, boomers bought cheap stereos and compact cars. In middle age, they snapped up camcorders, computers and mutual funds. Now, with a boomer turning 50 every seven seconds, researchers and marketers are developing everything from simple gadgets to complex computer systems to ease a generation into old age. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s AgeLab and dozens of other research centers around the country, scientists are working on inventions that seem destined to transport the Golden Girls into the world of Star Trek: • A computer aid that would help older shoppers pick foods based on their medical history. Tiny radio transmitters in food packages would broadcast ingredients to the device, which would offer advice to the shopper. • Shoes with battery-powered vibrating soles that stimulate nerves to improve balance. Researchers say the technology could cut the number of debilitating falls. One out of three people over age 65 suffer some sort of fall each year. • Homes that would allow residents to open doors and control shades, windows and thermostats through a touch-screen by the beds. Other systems would call in orders for food and medicine when supplies ran low and would summon help when detectors sensed that the resident wasn’t moving. In Japan, where the percentage of seniors in the population is rising even faster than in the USA, several manufacturers sell toilets that weigh the person, take the person’s temperature and test urine for blood sugar and stool for cholesterol levels. The results are sent automatically to the doctor’s office. One idea: a computer chip on a card that would contain and update its owner’s medical data. Any doctor, pharmacist or other health care provider would have instant access to critical health information. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-11-16-gadgets-cover_x.htm


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Pervasive digital access via watch connected to mirror/glass technology

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Digital Husk

Study // Specified Outcomes // Scenario Building


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Digital Husk: at work

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PROJECT IDEA:

Human body as Interface


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Use Bionic contact lenses and objects to create digital working environment

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PROJECT IDEA:

Monitoring device with sensors


MDes Fall 2010

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Future Career Pathway and Skills Required Resulting changes in domestic user behaviour due to the changing digital landscapeA nomadic freelance designer / art director: to work globally, without a studio, erasing typical geographic boundaries. To facilitate and be part of a large interdisciplinary network, solving business issues creatively. To use problem finding methods to be a proactive designer and become my own client, by creating products and solutions. By embracing the Cloud notion, I hope to figure out a smart way of working in a n ever changing desktop/cloudtop local while travelling. A Design Educator at Post Secondary Level or Vocational School Level : An evolution of my skills in knowledge aquisition, research and teaching will be important to develop especially in the web and interactive domain.

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Taxonomy: (wiki) is the practice and science of classification.The word finds its roots in the Greek, taxis (meaning ‘order’ or ‘arrangement’) arranged in a hierarchical structure. Typically this is organized by supertype-subtype relationships, also called generalization-specialization relationships, or less formally, parent-child relationships.


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Taxonomy Computing: defined as the activity of using and improving computer technology, computer hardware and software. It is the computer-specific part of information technology. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. The use of mobile technologies such as smartphones and feature fones, tv’s(??) computers, datanets Cyberspace: was first a neoglism...wiki-Cyberspace is a metaphor for virtual reality coined by William Gibson. cyberspace Last modified: Thursday, March 21, 2002 WEBOPEDIA-(1) A metaphor for describing the non-physical terrain created by computer systems. Online systems, for example, create a cyberspace within which people can communicate with one another (via e-mail), do research, or simply window shop. Like physical space, cyberspace contains objects (files, mail messages, graphics, etc.) and different modes of transportation and delivery. Unlike real space, though, exploring cyberspace does not require any physical movement other than pressing keys on a keyboard or moving a mouse. Some programs, particularly computer games, are designed to create a special cyberspace, one that resembles physical reality in some ways but defies it in others. In its extreme form, called virtual reality, users are presented with visual, auditory, and even tactile feedback that makes cyberspace feel real. Mobile/Feature Phone: is a term used to describe a low-end mobile phone that has less computing ability than a smartphone, but more capability than a “dumb phone”. Feature phones, which are dumb phones that have elements (but not the full connectivity) of smartphones, accounted for an astounding 72 percent of new handset sales in the U.S. in the second quarter, according to a new report by NPD. Make no mistake, the tides are changing, and more Americans than ever are ponying up the dough for a real-deal smartphone (sales are up 47 percent year-over-year, to 28 percent market share). And feature phones sales slipped slightly, 5 percent. Smartphone: is a mobile phone that offers more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary basic The cloud-Business Use-Cloud computing is an idea that takes the primary notion of internet based subscription access of hardware, software and content and defines a new service based industry for outsourcing corporation’s computing needs.

In other words it allows businesses to use applications without installation as well as access to their personal files and data at any computer with internet access. This technology is a lot more efficient computing through centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth. The idea is such that, “why would someone buy the cow when all they want is the milk?” (see article I wrote)

The Cloud-paradigm is how new: There are already cloud apps, utilities and services for the home user that have existed for some time, such as Gmail, Dropbox and Apple’s MobileMe, but you can get a sense of how this approach to computing is beginning to come into its own by the greatly increased attention major players like Google and Microsoft are paying to the cloud. In the past year, Microsoft has added a great deal of cloud functionality to its Hotmail/Windows Live services and Google came out with Chrome OS, an operating system which leverages the power of the cloud to supplement the less powerful hardware of devices like netbooks. In a speech at the University of Washington this year in which he focused almost entirely on the cloud, Steve Balmer, Microsoft’s CEO, said “For the cloud, we’re all in,” adding: “About 75 percent of our folks are doing entirely cloud based or entirely cloud inspired [work], a year from now that will be 90 percent.” The cloud: consumer-The analogy is , ‘If you only need milk , would you buy a cow ?’ All the users or consumers need is to get the benefits of using the software or hardware of the computer like sending emails etc. Just to get this benefit (milk) why should a consumer buy a (cow) software / hardware ? Dumb terminal: A terminal that has no internal microprocessor and thus no processing power independent of its host computer.” although in this case, I don’t mean something as specific as that, of course. The inference is that now, the dumb terminal can be more like a real computer. The important thing is that it mostly uses it’s computing power to connect with another device that actually does most of the heavy lifting Netbook: wiki-At their inception in late 2007 — as smaller notebooks optimized for low weight and low cost[2] — netbooks omitted certain features (e.g., the optical drive), featured smaller screens and keyboards, and offered reduced specification and computing power. Digitised or electronic soul this new paradigm could give you access to an imprint or husk of yourself, your interests, your artifacts, your history, your business and your working style, anywhere, anytime; an electronic soul


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Candace Ellicott // Process.

Digital lifestyle: “increasingly connected to online non-physical services.”online interaction virtual existence Is a consumer word for computing activities that includes: like communication, social networking, data collecting, music archive and useage? Changing digital landscape: in this context this term will refer to a more recently coined term called ‘The Cloud” , some have referred to it as a “Thin/Slim Client” or “Utility Computing” This refers to a move to subscription-model online services for personal computing. Computing needs: Social networking: Life: Get a life-this includes all social activities and indulgencies outside of work. Cloud Service providers: technology innovators, leading players/tech companies, online entrereneurs like Yahoo , Google etc. who offer subscription based internet services. Internet service providers: Hyperconnectivity: the state in which the number of devices, nodes, and applications connected to the network far exceeds the number of people using the network - is fast becoming a reality. It’s an unstoppable force of change that is demanding action now to rethink the way networks and applications are built. FROM NORTEL SITE Hyperconnectivity is happening now. Consider these facts: About 2.8 billion mobile phones are already in use, with another 1.6 million being added every day. Nearly 67,000 every single hour. In Europe, in-use mobile phones already outnumber the population, with penetration at about 103 percent. Apple Computer has shipped over 178 million iPod devices and their latest can even connect directly to the network to download songs and check email. More then 15,000 applications are available and iPhone users alone have downloaded over 500 million applications to satisfy their personal and business needs. Amazon’s digital reader, the Kindle, allows users to download books, newspapers, magazines and even participate in blogs from anywhere at anytime. They’ve sold over 240,000 devices with anticipated growth to exceed 2 million devices in 2010. Futurists are predicting that in 15-20 years, more

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han one trillion devices, most of them wireless, will be connected to global networks. Virtual World: wiki A virtual world is a genre of online community that often takes the form of a computer-based simulated environment, through which users can interact with one another and use and create objects[1]. Virtual worlds are intended for its users to inhabit and interact, and the term today has become largely synonymous with interactive 3D virtual environments, where the users take the form of avatars visible to others graphically[2]. These avatars are usually depicted as textual, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional graphical representations, although other forms are possible[3] (auditory[4] and touch sensations for example). Some, but not all, virtual worlds allow for multiple users. Ubiquitous computing: via wiki: is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction0Kuniavsky0QUOTE: a term coined by marc weiser to describe a concept where computers could be woven ‘into the fabric of everyday life until they are undistinguishable from it’” Ubiquitous | Define Ubiquitous at Dictionary.com existing or being everywhere, esp. at the same time; omnipresent: Mash ups: 1. Digital media content containing any or all of text, graphics, audio, video and animation drawn from pre-existing sources, to create a new derivative work. Digital text mashups like the comedic mashup, The Art of War Against Fat, appear by the thousands every day as users of blogs and online forums copy and paste digital text in juxtaposition to comment on topics of interest. 2. Web or cloud based applications are a combination of separate parts brought together with the use of the open architecture of public Application Programming Interfaces API. For example, a mashup between Google Maps and Weather.com could be made available as an iphone application, where the content and context of that content are drawn from outside sources through the published API. wiki Neoglism: (wiki) A neologism (pronounced / niˈɒlədʒɪzəm/); from Greek νέος (neos ‘new’) (logos ‘speech’) is a newly coined word or phrase that may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language. Neologisms are often directly attributable to a specific person, publication, period, or event. Nomenclature: (wiki) is a term that applies to either a list of names and/or terms, or to the system of principles, procedures and terms related to naming

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The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal conventions of everyday speech to the internationally-agreed principles, rules and recommendations that govern the formation and use of the specialist terms used in scientific and other disciplines.

towards creating objects for utilitarian purposes. They designed buildings, theater sets, posters, fabrics, clothing, furniture, logos, menus, etc. [citation needed] Jan Tschichold codified the principles of modern typography in his 1928 book, New Typography

“Design”: The Emergence of the term: (wiki) In late 19th century Europe, especially in the United Kingdom, the movement began to separate graphic design from fine art. In 1849, Henry Cole became one of the major forces in design education in Great Britain, informing the government of the importance of design in his Journal of Design and Manufactures.

Douglas Englebart: 1950-60 something, he was doing teleconferencing, email, shared desktops, vector graphics. It’s incredible. It’s as if no one knew this come 1984. “The Mother of All Demos” on youtube

He organized the Great Exhibition as a celebration of modern industrial technology and Victorian design.

Implicit Interactions: by Wendu Ju...Imagine, for a second, a doorman who behaves as automatic doors do. He does not acknowledge you when you approach or pass by. He gives no hint which door can or will open—until you wander within six feet of the door, whereupon he flings the door wide open. If you arrived after hours, you might stand in front of the doors for awhile before you realize that the doors are locked, because the doorman’s blank stare gives no clue. If you met such a doorman, you might suspect psychosis. And yet this behavior is typical of our day-to-day interactions not only with automatic doors, but any number of interactive devices. Our cell phones ring loudly, even though we are clearly in a movie theatre. Our alarm clocks forget to go off if we do not set them to, even if we’ve been getting up at the same time for years. Our computers interrupt presentations to let everyone know that a software update is available.

From 1891 to 1896 William Morris’ Kelmscott Press published books that are some of the most significant of the graphic design products of the Arts and Crafts movement, and made a very lucrative business of creating books of great stylistic refinement and selling them to the wealthy for a premium. Morris proved that a market existed for works of graphic design in their own right and helped pioneer the separation of design from production and from fine art. The work of the Kelmscott Press is characterized by its obsession with historical styles. This historicism was, however, important as it amounted to the first significant reaction to the stale state of nineteenth-century graphic design. Morris’ work, along with the rest of the Private Press movement, directly influenced Art Nouveau and is indirectly responsible for developments in early twentieth century graphic design in general. [6] [edit]Twentieth century design

A Boeing 747 aircraft with livery designating it as Air Force One. The cyan forms, the US flag, presidential seal and the Caslon lettering were all designed at different times and combined by designer Raymond Loewy in this one final design. The name “Graphic Design” first appeared in print in the 1922 essay “New Kind of Printing Calls for New Design” by William Addison Dwiggins, an American book designer in the early 20th century. [7] Raffe’s Graphic Design, published in 1927, is considered to be the first book to use “Graphic Design” in its title.[8] The signage in the London Underground is a classic design example[9] of the modern era and used a font designed by Edward Johnston in 1916. In the 1920s, Soviet constructivism applied ‘intellectual production’ in different spheres of production. The movement saw individualistic art as useless in revolutionary Russia and thus moved

Social Constructivists: Manuel Castells or Wiebe Bijker.

Google OS for cloud: There are cloud apps, utilities and services for the home and business user. But to get a sense of how revolutionary the concept is, Google is about to release an operating system for computers that relies completely on the cloud to function: imagine someone buying a computer with absolutely no internal storage even a year ago! Other well known services reliant on cloud computing include Gmail, Hotmail, Office Online. Google Docs, Apple’s MObileMe and DropBox. Amazon: First cloud service provider for businesses mailnly called EQ3 Psychographics: are any attributes relating to personality, values, attitudes, interests, or lifestyles. They are also called IAO variables (for Interests, Activities, and Opinions). They can be contrasted with demographic variables (such as age and gender), behavioral variables (such as usage rate or loyalty), and firmographic variables (such as industry, seniority and functional area). (wiki)


MDes Fall 2010

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Demographics: include gender, race, age, income, disabilities, mobility (in terms of travel time to work or number of vehicles available), educational attainment, home ownership, employment status, and even location. Distributions of values within a demographic variable, and across households, are both of interest, as well as trends over time. (wiki) Personal Computer: Wikipedia’s article on the personal computer defines the PC as “any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user with no intervening computer operator.” (Ignore the woefully outdated section on Pocket PCs.) Point is, smartphones easily meet the generic requirement for being classified as PCs. ...only they’re more personal... There’s not much room for interpretation on what “computer” means. The tautologous answer is “anything that computes”, though we can stick with Wikipedia’s more specific definition of a computer as “a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format”. Systematic enquiry: How is new knowledge developed in a field? There is one principal way, along with some interesting occasional alternative ways. The principal way is what is often called “systematic inquiry”: i.e., a careful, deliberate effort to deal with a problem, to investigate something inadequately known or understood. Hedonism: is a school which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good. This is often used as a justification for evaluating actions in terms of how ...wiki Kitsch: is a form of art that is considered an inferior, tasteless copy of an extant style of art or a worthless imitation of art of recognised value. ...... wiki Web 3.0: Semantic web refers to semantic markup, meaning valid and appropriate. Meaning, headlines are marked up as <h1> or headlines, rather than using graphics or css to force something else into place. Ultimately, it refers to using the most appropriate tool/code/graphic/whatever for the job. Not exclusively. The theory is that if html is coded the right way (semantically) you can repurpose it nearly everywhere- mobile, tablet, big monitor, small monitor- by fiddling with the css. Write once, publish everywhere is the theory. Web 2.0:

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Gestalt Framework: is to support an individual in finding his/her own answers and to develop a heightened sense of self-awareness and increased self-understanding. To my mind, this seems a valuable framework for analysing the three-dimensional, evolutionary worlds of ‘tactile’ design, as it pays attention to the experiential aspects of the production and consumption of artefacts, facilitating a fuller investigation of the immediate (and often physical) processes of making and doing. Tactile graphics: emerging methodologies Gestalt methodology: one that focuses on the immediacy of the present moment (of making and viewing, for example), and respects the internal and subjective experiences of the maker as the object unfolds through time. Its relevance is all the more pertinent because it aspires to analyse and understand the process of doing something, placing the idea of real-time experimentation firmly on the methodological agenda. Contemporary psychotherapist Joseph Zinker argues: The experiment is the cornerstone of experiential learning. It transforms talking about into doing, stale reminiscing and theorizing into being fully here with one’s imagination, energy and excitement. Tactile graphics: emerging methodologies Dialectic: (also called dialectics or the dialectical method) is a method of argument, which has been central to both Indic and Western philosophy since ancient times. The word “dialectic” originates in Ancient Greece, and was made popular by Plato in his Socratic dialogues. Dialectic is based on a dialogue between two or more people who may hold differing views, yet wish to pursue truth by seeking agreement with one another.[1] This is in contrast to debate, in which two or more people hold differing views and wish to persuade or prove one another wrong (and thus a jury or judge is needed to decide the matter), or rhetoric, which is a relatively long oration conducted by a single person, a method favored by the Sophists.[2] Different forms of dialectical reason have emerged in the Indosphere and in the West, as well as during different eras of history (see below). Among the major forms of dialectic reason are Socratic, Hindu, Buddhist, Medieval, Hegelian, Marxist, and Talmudic.(Zinker 1989: 123). Limited language-pp?? Datacenter/s: Distributed computing: Whether “the cloud” represents a data center at a single physical loca- tion or dozens, hundreds, or thousands of data centers spread around the world, its speed and efficiency is limited by how intelligently it dele- gates responsibility. --BY AARON WEISS, COMPUTING IN THE

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“Never memorize something you can look up.� --Albert Einstein


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6114 // Christopher Kaltenbach


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Bibliographic References for Thesis Aaron Weiss. (December 2007). Computing in the clouds. NetWorker, 11(4), 16-25. Action research methodology Retrieved 11/8/2010, 2010, from http://www.slideshare.net/jgerst1111/ action-research-methodoly-presentation Amazon SimpleDB 101 & why it matters Retrieved 8/13/2010, 2010, from http://gigaom. com/2007/12/14/amazon-simple-db/ Babcock, C. (2010). Management strategies for the cloud revolution : How cloud computing is transforming business and why you can’t be left behind. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Cloud computing for personal use | technology | epoch times Retrieved 10/26/2010, 2010, from http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/ view/29794/ Cloud computing: What will we lose to it? - technorati IT Retrieved 10/26/2010, 2010, from http://technorati.com/technology/it/article/ cloud-computing-what-will-we-lose/ Concept:Cloud computing Retrieved 8/16/2010, 2010, from http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/ Cloud_Computing Cross, N. (2006). Designerly ways of knowing. London: Springer.

BBC news - first human ‘infected with computer virus’ Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http:// www.bbc.co.uk/news/10158517

Daniel chudnov. (April 2010). A view from the clouds., 33.

Bijker, W. E. (1995). Of bicycles, bakelites, and bulbs : Toward a theory of sociotechnical change. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Deleuze, G., & Parnet, C. (2007). Dialogues II; dialogues. english (Rev ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.

BILL GREENWOOD. (Jl/Ag 2008). Ahead in the cloud- the future of desktop search.25(7), 45.

Design probes(2006). . Vaajakoski, Finland,: Gummerus Printing. Retrieved from www.uiah.fi/ publications

Brain computer analogy Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://www.nutramed.com/Philosophy/ computing.htm Buchanan-Smith, P. G., Kombol, M., Barrett, R., Fagan, S., Gordon, J., Greene, S., et al. (2001). Speck : A curious collection of uncommon things (1st ed.). New York: Princeton Architectural Press. CARR JOHN . (Apr 2009). Box up your files and move ‘em to the cloud. Information Today, 26(4) Carr, N. G. (2008). The big switch : Rewiring the world, from edison to google (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Charting the future of cloud computing | epicenter | wired.com Retrieved 8/13/2010, 2010, from http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2008/12/ charting-the-fu/ Clark, R. J., Belloli, A. P. A., Detroit Institute of Arts, Metropolitan Museum of Art, & Cranbrook Academy of Art -- Exhibitions. (1983). Design in america : The cranbrook vision, 1925-1950. New York: Abrams, in association with the Detroit Institute of Arts and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Cloud computing for personal use | technology | epoch times Retrieved 10/26/2010, 2010, from http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/ view/29794/

Don norman’s jnd.org / affordance, conventions and design (part 2) Retrieved 7/7/2010, 2010, from http://jnd.org/dn.mss/affordance_conventions_and_design_part_2.html Don norman’s jnd.org / minimizing the annoyance of the mobile phone Retrieved 7/7/2010, 2010, from http://jnd.org/dn.mss/minimizing_the_annoyance_of_the_mobile_phone.html Don norman’s jnd.org / the complexity of everyday life Retrieved 7/7/2010, 2010, from http://jnd. org/dn.mss/the_complexity_of_everyday_life. html Ego depletion - PsychWiki - A collaborative psychology wiki Retrieved 7/7/2010, 2010, from http://www.psychwiki.com/wiki/Ego_Depletion Future shock: Nokia research touts 5 innovative mobile interfaces | gadget lab | wired.com Retrieved 11/9/2010, 2010, from http://www. wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/10/five-mobile-interfaces-nokia/ Future shock: Nokia research touts 5 innovative mobile interfaces | gadget lab | wired.com Retrieved 11/9/2010, 2010, from http://www. wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/10/five-mobile-interfaces-nokia/ Gershenfeld, N. A. (1999). When things start to think (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt. Gershenfeld, N. A. (1999). When things start to think (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt.


SITUATED DESIGN WORKSHOP

Study // Limited Language // XY

Handicapping cloud computing: The big picture | ZDNet Retrieved 8/13/2010, 2010, from http:// www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/handicapping-cloudcomputing-the-big-picture/11206 Harry Bruce. Personal anticipated information need. Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http:// informationr.net/ir/10-3/paper232.html Hoffman, D., & Cranbrook Academy of Art. Dept. of Architecture -- Students. (1994). Architecture studio : Cranbrook academy of art, 1986-1993. New York: Rizzoli. Hoffman, D., & Cranbrook Academy of Art. Dept. of Architecture -- Students. (1994). Architecture studio : Cranbrook academy of art, 1986-1993. New York: Rizzoli. The internet of things: What it is, why it matters — GigaOM pro Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://pro.gigaom.com/2010/07/report-theinternet-of-things-anywhere-anytimeanything/?utm_source=gigaom&utm_ medium=editorial&utm_ content=shigginbotham&utm_campaign=related Jaron Lanier. (2010). You are not a gadget Random House of Canada. Len Doyal and Ian Gough. The theory of human need

6114 // Christopher Kaltenbach

Michelle. (2010). Is your computer getting in the way of your productivity? Interactive Media Associates, Mike Kuniavskya. (2009). Information shadows: How ubiquitous computing serializes everyday things. Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK: Routledge. Monitor: Stay on target | the economist Retrieved 7/7/2010, 2010, from http://www.economist. com/node/16295664 Montola, M., Stenros, J., Wærn, A., & International Game Developers Association. (2009). Pervasive games : Theory and design. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.

Moors, A., Betsky, A., Ramakers, R., Droog Design, & Droog Design. (2006). Simply droog : 10 + 3 years of creating innovation and discussion (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Droog. News sources - the globe and mail Retrieved 11/3/2010, 2010, from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/news-sources/?date=2 0101020&archive=prnews&slug=NY85463

Li, Q., & Shih, T. K. (Eds.). (2010). Ubiquitous multimedia computing. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.

Overview communication theories of the UT communication studies Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/

Limited language » multiverso Retrieved 10/26/2010, 2010, from http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/ multiverso/

Overview communication theories of the UT communication studies Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/

Limited language » tactile graphics : Emerging methodologies Retrieved 10/26/2010, 2010, from http://www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/archive/tactile-graphics-emerging-methodologies/

Overview of action research methodology Retrieved 11/8/2010, 2010, from http://www.web. net/~robrien/papers/arfinal.html#_Toc26184651

Limited language » this page is no longer on this server 2 Retrieved 10/26/2010, 2010, from http:// www.limitedlanguage.org/discussion/index.php/ archive/this-page-is-no-longer-on-this-server-2/ Lupton, E., & Tobias, J. (2002). Skin : Surface, substance + design (1st ed.). New York: Princeton Architectural Press. MATT RICHTEL. McLuhan, M., & Fiore, Q. (2003). The medium is the massage : An inventory of effects. Toronto: Penguin Canada. Melanie. (2009). Manuel lima @BBH Mel’s Brain, Meredith Farkas. (May 2009). My office in the cloud.Am Libr 40(no5), 37.

Personal anticipated information need Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://informationr.net/ ir/10-3/paper232.html Personal anticipated information need Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://informationr.net/ ir/10-3/paper232.html Peter Buckley. (February 2010). The rough guide to cloud computing: 100 websites that will change your life. Peter Williams, Jeremy Leighton John, Ian Rowland. (2009). The personal curation of digital objects, A lifecycle approach. Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 61(4), 340--363. Pierre Levy, R. B. (1998). Becoming Virtual: Reality in the Digital Age Da Capo Press, Incorporated.


MDes Fall 2010

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Pinker, S. (2007). The stuff of thought : Language as a window into human nature. New York: Viking. Pirsig, R. M. (1974). Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance : An inquiry into values. New York: Morrow. Postman, N. (1993). Technopoly : The surrender of culture to technology (1st ed.). New York: Vintage Books.

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to working smarter, faster, better Wiley. Tsao, J. (2010). Curious displays Tuuli Mattelmäki. (2006). Design probes. Printed in Vaajakoski, Finland: Gummerus Printing. Wendy Ju. In traction » proactive. Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://blog.jozilla.net/tag/ proactive/

Riewoldt, O. (1994). Designer offices. New York : Vendome Press: Distributed in the USA and Canada by Rizzoli International Publications through St. Martin’s Press.

Wendy Ju and Larry Leifer. (2008). The design of implicit interactions: Making interactive systems less obnoxious. Design Issues: Volume 24, Number 3 Summer 2008 Design Issues: Volume 24, Number 3 Summer 2008,

Rifkin, J. (2000). The age of access : The new culture of hypercapitalism, where all of life is a paid-for experience. New York: J.P. Tarcher/ Putnam.

Wendy Ju, Brian A. Lee, & Scott R. Klemmer. (November 8–12, 2008). Range: Exploring implicit interaction through electronic whiteboard design. CSCW’08,

Riley, T., & Museum of Modern Art. (1999). The un-private house. New York : Museum of Modern Art: Distributed by Harry N. Abrams.

Why aren’t I the center of the apple universe? Retrieved 7/7/2010, 2010, from http://gizmodo. com/5552953/why-arent-i-the-center-of-theapple-universe

Rough type: Nicholas carr’s blog: Be everywhere now Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://www. roughtype.com/archives/2009/11/be_ everywhere_n_1.php

Wiener, N. (1954). The human use of human beings : Cybernetics and society. New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press, 1988.

SARAH WACHTER. Service design network conference: Monica bueno’s lessons from the cloud - Core77 Retrieved 11/3/2010, 2010, from http://www. core77.com/blog/events/service_design_network_conference_monica_buenos_lessons_ from_the_cloud__17754.asp Shirky, C. (2008). Here comes everybody : The power of organizing without organizations. New York: Penguin Press. Software to help with our web addictions? - dealing with stress and anxiety management – coping mechanisms from MentalHelp.net Retrieved 7/7/2010, 2010, from http://www.mentalhelp.net/ poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=38246&cn=117 SpaceCollective projects - polytopia Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://spacecollective.org/ projects/Polytopia/ Sterling, B. (2005). Shaping things. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Sterling, B. (2005). Shaping things. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Thackara, J. (2005). In the bubble : Designing in a complex world. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Thagard, P. (2005). Mind : Introduction to cognitive science (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Trapani, G. Upgrade your life: The lifehacker guide

Wiener, N. (1954). The human use of human beings; cybernetics and society. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Winner, L. (1986). The whale and the reactor A search for limits in an age of high technology. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Wired 14.10: The information factories Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://www.wired.com/ wired/archive/14.10/cloudware. html?pg=1&topic=cloudware&topic_set= Wired 14.10: The information factories Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://www.wired.com/ wired/archive/14.10/cloudware. html?pg=1&topic=cloudware&topic_set= Wired 14.10: The information factories Retrieved 11/1/2010, 2010, from http://www.wired.com/ wired/archive/14.10/cloudware. html?pg=1&topic=cloudware&topic_set= Yan, L. (Ed.). (2008). The internet of things from RFID to the next-generation pervasive networked systems. New York: Auerbach Publications.



Masters of Design 2010/2011

NSCAD University

Candace Ellicott // Process.

WINTER 2010

Process.


MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

6800: GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO—M.LEBLANC

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Backwards Time Is Money My Bombness Just What Makes a Technological Home The Corporate Bible 80’s Advertisement-MusicMeister

6800: GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO—R.MYER

27

MDES 2011 Identity Multi-Tasking Data Visualization MDES Show Poster 2011

6900: DESIGN PRACTICE & THESIS STUDIES—M.IVEY

47

THE WRITING PRACTICING PLAN - Writing Structure as a Timeline—Version 7 - A Rationale for different Thesis Structure

49

PROBE DATA & ANALYSIS - Interpretation of Results Diagram - Common Themes in Probe Findings - Physical Collections of Some Respondents - Computer Screens Showing Filing Data

53

PROJECT CONCEPTS FLESCHED OUT - Initial Concept Presentation—Slide Show - Fragmentation Diagram - Privacy& Security Diagram - Site Architecture Diagrams - Ownership Changing - Meta-history & Spimes NAMING & IDENTITY FOR CONTROL PANEL- SYSTEM - Logo ideas

89

99

THE FINAL PROJECT: DESIGN OF A CONTROL PANEL-SYSTEM -The Panel Screens -Possible Interface Structures

101

DATA GHOSTs -Data Ghosts Data - Scenarios

127

EXPOSITION -Initial Presesntation - Final Presentation Ideas

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6800 // Michael Leblanc

Projects Included in this section //

Study // Graduate Design Studio

Page 5

Backwards Time Is Money My Bombness Just What Is It that Makes A Technological Home? The Corporate Bible Today’s Future, Long Past—80’s Advertisement

Summary:

“We look at the present through a rear-view mirror. We march backwards into the future.”

-Marshall McLuhan

This part of the course presented six very different inter-disciplinary design challenges, ranging, from illustration using corporate logos, to designing a smart house that adapts to changes in living over time. Each of students ideas were documented in double page spreads which were then featured in a MDES class book called “Design Through the Rear View Mirror.” As an example of real world deadlines, it was expected that the work would start and finish through the course of a class.


So here’s a question I would like you to ponder: If a society that runs completely on credit (without ever having the concept of paper money) has to

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

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Candace Ellicott

Money, that’s what I want. THE NEW CURRENCY Consumers will still be paying with plastic but as a result of a collapsed technological society, plastic will take on a whole new meaning as the Bank of Canada introduces polymer plastic dollar bills. Durable and hard to counterfit, the currency is a vibrant emblematic change from small bland credit cards. It is a positive image for Canada’s future, as it advertises Canadas strongest economies, such as natural resources like water, wood and precious metals, on all the metric notes, as well as images of Canada’s service industry like in the 20 note which shows the research being done into the genome in Toronto.ervice . Some of the security measures include: Laminated embossed polymer with special tensile threads creating unique patterns on each note,

The year is TWO THOUSAND SEVENTY FIVE and the computer system supporting credit-cards is gone. And thus all similar systems are down as well for the forseeable future. Computers are a thing of the past, convenience is a new dirty word.

A special thread embedded in the bank note

Canadian leaf reinforces nationality And text talks about Canada’s vibrant economy

///////////////////// $C10 ///// //////////////////////////////////////////////

The current state of affairs is that the world economy has been devestated. The move from a information society to an earlier Industrial society has resulted. Now an average person makes 3-5 transactions a day face-to-face with retailers as opposed to an average of 20/day when there were computers. Cities have grown more dense as cost of living is very expensive, so people have to live smaller so to speak and be smart with their cash now. One wonders if the government purposely killed the internet to control the economy. Without credit and easy shopping systems people are forced to only use the money they have. Loans are still given out but it’s a lot harder to get them these days. People don’t use oil to run cars anymore as that pretty much dried up, instead they use compost, cooking fat and water powered vehicles. But water is scarce in the world.

////////// BANK OF ///////////// CANADA

The idea of establishing a chequing system, which was reminiscent of the old credit card swipe system was considered. It was voted out to the fact that printing and storage of the final transactions would be excessive. So, a polymer, flimsy plastic cash system was put forth, starting at a slightly bigger size than the credit card and progressively getting bigger as the denominations get bigger. Now as consumers have to shop face to face with a retailer, as online shopping, and sending cash through the post is a thing of the past, cash is the only way forward. The new Canadian money has been designed to advertise Canada’s strongest economies, to help foster a sense of community and further patriotism, as well as to promote Canada globally. Canada’s economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians. Second to services is the “knowledge-based part of the economy which includes services. Finally, Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of Canada’s natural resources being converted into primary products.

//// ////Slash patterns are denomination specific

ANATOMY OF A DOLLAR: AN ADVERTISEMENT FOR CANADA

Leading country in exportation of water Economic growth in Natual Resources

6800 // Michael Leblanc

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////// M 1786554 98 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////// TEN DOLLARS

UV, and special inks which make it hard conterfitting

Embossed and printed denomination, numerically and in braille

Photographs of Canada’s economic landscapes featured

Iconography which symbolises the top strengths of Canada’s economy

Foil embossed strip

Holographic iconography with embossed serial numbers, images are of Canadas’ key iconography //////////////// $C20 ////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////

/////////// BANK OF ////////////// CANADA Leading research in the human genome Economic growth in the Service Industry

Brief: Design paper currency for a society that has only known credit and debit cards. Do not use commonly accepted visual forms unless you can ground it in 21st-century iconography. Use only those visual forms that, in the 21st century, we recognise as conveying value.

If, heaven forbid, a worldwide catastrophe were to render useless the computers that make possible our (so-called) cashless society, cash would probably resurface as the main method of value transaction.

For the past fifty years, the world has been making a slow transition from cash to a credit society. Handwringing about the US Federal Reserve’s quantitative easing has driven down the value of the US dollar. Paranoia in certain sectors has marginalized cash; governments have become suspicious of large cash transactions and it is possible for one to go through normal life without handling cash bills at all.

Backwards Time Is Money

Study // Backwards Time Is Money

New Currency

transition to material currency, what would that currency look like (and why)?

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////// T 247735 98 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////// TWENTY DOLLARS

Transparent polymer substrate-not printed

As denominations get larger so does the length of the currency

Unique pattern of diggitised stickers


GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Canadian leaf reinforces nationality And text talks about Canada’s vibrant economy

//// ////Slash patterns are denomination specific

Embossed and printed denomination, numerically and in braille

UV, and special inks which make it hard conterfitting

ANATOMY OF A DOLLAR: AN ADVERTISEMENT FOR CANADA ///////////////////// $C10 ///// //////////////////////////////////////////////

Leading country in exportation of water Economic growth in Natual Resources

////////// BANK OF ///////////// CANADA

Photographs of Canada’s economic landscapes featured

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////// M 1786554 98 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////// TEN DOLLARS

Iconography which symbolises the top strengths of Canada’s economy

Foil embossed strip

Holographic iconography with embossed serial numbers, images are of Canadas’ key iconography

01234500000600

045

//////////////// $C20 ////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////

/////////// BANK OF ////////////// CANADA Leading research in the human genome Economic growth in the Service Industry

6800 // Michael Leblanc

New Currency

A special thread embedded in the bank note

Study // Backwards Time Is Money

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////// T 247735 98 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////// TWENTY DOLLARS

Transparent polymer substrate-not printed

As denominations get larger so does the length of the currency

Unique pattern of diggitised stickers 01234500000600

045

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

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GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Study // My Bombness

6800 // Michael Leblanc

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Candace Ellicott

A wiley hoax IT”S A BOMB! NO, Its a fake. A slightly oversized toy from Macy’s toy department, Wile E. Coyote, created quite a stir today, as it was so out of context on NY’s famous Golden Bull statue. It made quite the media and social media frenzy today.

More recently, in Denver, bomb squads halted traffic in a main thoroughfare to “defuse” a toy robot that

Brief: Develop/propose an object and present a scenario that would lead the authorities to regard it as a dangerous terrorist threat.

n Boston in 2007, an blinking-light advertising campaign for Aqua Teen Hunger Force caused a panic, bringing out bomb squads and putting the city into a code red terrorist alert.

My Bombness

was affixed to a footbridge support. …so let’s have a little innocent fun!

Luckily with PR monitoring software used by many large consumer companies to protect their brand name, the police were able to respond to the disturbance promptly.

Website composite: A mock up of the website helped to make the spoof appear more legitimate.

N.Y. TIMES Reported: December 14 2010: An innocuous toy drew much suspicion today in New York cities Financial District. Wile E. Coyote was fixed to the top of the Golden Bull statue, with one eye pulsing intermittently as a continuous low level beep was heard coming from the toy. This Warner brother figure is synonymous with failed bombings and with a sign reading “This is not a Bomb!” no one could be sure if this was a promotion, or a real bomb, but after 911, it was taken seriously. The N.Y. bomb squad were alerted to the situation after DNA11’s PR monitoring software caught 1000’s of social media sites using the phrase “bomb in NY”. The bomb squad taped off the area so they could closely examine the oversized toy for fear it may be an elaborate bomb deployment. 1000’s of traders reported a red silhouette of the road runner stuck to their entrance doors, and felt that perhaps the NY Stock exchange could have been the target for a bombing. --Joyce Smith

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GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Study // Backwards Time Is Money

6800 // Michael Leblanc

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

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Strategic Placement: I was looking at putting the Wile E. Coyote in front of a bank, but felt more interest would be drummed up on top of the NY Golden Bull in the financial district were the twin towers once were. The New York location was chosen as the best place for the hoax because of the history

Photo composite: These pictures were used to make the final image, although the police tape was made from scratch.


added children, the children grow older and require more space, and as the children leave the house, to accommodate the retired couple’s expanding hobbies? Brief: This project will be conducted as a design charette. You will work as a team. By the end of the day, you will have created a series of visual proposals that will show how such a Macro-temporal Smart

Study // Just What Is it that Makes Today’’s Homes So Differrent?

6800 // Michael Leblanc

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing? Smart environments are spaces that react in various ways to stimuli from outside conditions and internal users. Pervasive computing and inexpensive sensors and actuators make it possible for a building to self-modify. These modifications, however, happen over a very short period of time, compared to the life of a building. Temperature, lighting, air conditioning are all modifed temporally over minutes, hours and days.

Roman Houses with courtyards

Roman Houses with courtyards

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References & Influences

Influences included traditional Roman and Chinese (upper left) open courtyard villas; architects Brian McKay Lyons (middle left), Hugh Jacobsen (lower left), Frank Lloyd Wright (bottom right) and Yoshichika-Takagi (top right.)

What if we could design a house that modified itself physically over a long temporal period, such as 20 or 30 years? How could we design a home that would modify itself as it perceives its owners used it? How could a home design change as a couple added children, the children grow older and require more space, and as the children leave the house, to accommodate the retired couple’s expanding hobbies? BRIEF

This project will be conducted as a design charette. You will work as a team. By the end of the day, you will have created a series of visual proposals that will show how such a Macro-temporal Smart Home would work.

modifications, however, happen over a very short period of time, compared to the life of a building.

Temperature, lighting, air conditioning are all modifed temporally over minutes, hours and days. What if we could design a house that modified itself physically over a long temporal period, such as 20 or 30 years? How could we design a home that would modify itself as it perceives its owners used it? How could a home design change as a couple

GROUP CHARETTE JUST WHAT IS IT THAT MAKES TODAY’S HOMES SO DIFFERENT, SO APPEALING? 3

Smart environments are spaces that react in various ways to stimuli from outside conditions and internal users. Pervasive computing and inexpensive sensors and actuators make it possible for a building to self-modify. These

Just What Is It that Makes Today’s Homes So Different,

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Hugh Newell Jacobcen

Unknown

Brian McKay Lyons

Hugh Newell Jacobcen

Unknown

Frank Lloyd Wright


GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Study // Just What Is it that Makes Today’’s Homes So Differrent?

Stage Three: Married Couple, Two Teenagers

6800 // Michael Leblanc

Main floor

TWIN TEENS 2 LOVING PARENTS

- Boy is at boarding school - Boy comes home on weekends - Girl goes to public school (lives at home) - Girl is a avid cyclist-competitive - Parents are doing more on their own now that the kids are older - Mother paints, father reads a lot - Mother is an avid French cook - Father hates handiwork

The family Facebook page announced that the Scott is going to boarding school. He is an avid online gamer and has won all but 2 chess matches at school. Greta has been a self absorded over achiever; an all star pupil with a knack for computer science and arts as well as a star cyclist, looking to go to olympics. THE HOUSE: Kitchen and living room are now open plan so are fairly big. This space is where the hub of activity is most days, especially on the weekends. On Saturdays, usually someone is having guests over. and on Sundays, there is always a family dinner before Scott goes back to boarding school Sunday nights. OPEN PLAN KITCHEN/LIVING ROOM - stays the same size - all mod cons, including: - computerized vacuum (Roomba) - Touchscreen on refrigerator makes food suggestions, recipes, diet plans, calorie counter - computerised and sycronised oven, microwave, dishwasher, music, internet - island to make kitchen more functional and communicative OPEN PLAN LIVING ROOM - gets smaller as it is a more formal room and is oriented to the parents - has a beautiful all window front looking out to ocean

- Kids both live on the computer - Even Greta’s cycling is computerized - Full digital family- everything operates on sensors - all activities recorded, sneaker sensors, heart rate monitors, online usage - Fido sleeps with the parents, on his own hairless bed - has a small hidden wall TV that connects to media room MEDIA ROOM - this has been taken over mainly by the kids but is a comfortable family room as well - it has several body motion/gestural control gaming consoles - Greta keeps one of her bikes in here for computerized training - a old library is kept in this room, although small as digital reading devices are used

Basement

MASTER BEDROOM - remains nearly the same - now the dog rooms here on a self cleaning dog mat GRETAS BEDROOM - Large closet space - Bigger than brothers space as she lives there full time - Has a full wall desk- unit for her computer and books SCOTTS BEDROOM - A weekend space for Scott - He has a small closet as well as desk BASEMENT - The sports room got a bit smaller as it is now just a storage space for Greta’s bikes - The utility space is bigger as Greta uses it to work on her bikes, clean it’s well there is more laundry.

GROUP CHARETTE JUST WHAT IS IT THAT MAKES TODAY’S HOMES SO DIFFERENT, SO APPEALING? 9

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In 2010, the US Supreme Court, in its landmark Citizen’s United judgement, ruled that corporate political spending is protected, holding that corporations have a First Amendment right to free speech. This advanced the concept known as “corporate personhood.”

If corporations are persons, then we need to save their souls from hell! Brief: Select a chapter from the King James Version of the Holy Bible, and illustrate it. Oh, I almost forgot… the only paint you are allowed to use are corporate logos.

The Corporate Bible

Luke

The chapters you may use are: Genesis Chapter 3, Genesis Chapter 4 Genesis Chapter 11, Genesis Chapter 19 Exodus Chapter 5, Exodus Chapter 32 II Kings Chapter 1, Song of Solomon Chapter 4 Mark Chapter 11, Luke Chapter 4. GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3 Study // Corporate Bible 6800 // Michael Leblanc

Rough Concept: prior to final execution

Rough Concept: Initial sketch

MDes Winter 2011 Candace Ellicott // Process.

.02 Being forty days tempted of the devil. And in those days he did eat nothing: and when they were ended, he afterward hungered.

.03 And the devil said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, command this stone that it be made bread.

.04 And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written, That man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God.

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4.02 Lead us not into vs


GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Study // Corporate Bible

6800 6900 // Michael Marlene Leblanc Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Inspiration: Contemporary Bible designs

Reference images

Candace Ellicott // Process.

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Study // A future long past

Brief Choose a year between 1950 and 1985, and choose one of the following things that we use daily:

Did you ever wonder what your life would be like if you could go back in time, and with your advanced knowledge, become the inventor of a commonlyused object like the cellphone or the television?

ALT/1977: We are not time travellers “What would you do if you could travel back in time? Assassinate Marilyn Monroe? Go on a date with Hitler? Obviously. But here’s what I’d do after that: grab all the modern technology I could find, take it to the late 70’s, superficially redesign it all to blend in, start a consumer electronics company to unleash it upon the world, then sit back as I rake in billions, trillions, or even millions of dollars.”

A Future Long Past

cellphone, portable MP3 music device, GPS flash memory stick, Facebook, Google, Develop your product/service and present it as a magazine ad from that year.

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

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with the MusicMeister 2000

Notare quam littera gothica quam nunc putamus parum claram. Quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo. Insitam est usus legentis in iis qui facit eorum claritatem Investigationes demonstraverunt lectores legere me lius. Accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait? Assum typi non habent claritatem quod ii legunt saepius claritas est etiam processus dynamicus qui sequitur. Vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat vel illum dolore. Odio dignissim qui, blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue. Dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto duis dolore te feugait. Lius quod ii legunt saepius claritas est etiam processus dynamicus. Facilisi nam liber tempor cum soluta nobis

Initial Concepts: One concept piggy back’s the popular 1980s film cover “Dirty Dancing”. The other concept, makes use of the Breakdancing stereotype of the time and creates a bespoke ad that might have appealed to 1980s youth culture.

First dance. First Love. First MusicMeister. The best time of your life.

6800 // Michael Leblanc

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

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GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Study Towards // A a New future Conceptual long past Framework

6800 6900 // Michael Marlene Leblanc Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

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Spoofed 1950s ads: For reference

Singer

Machines Machinescombined: combined:AATandy Tandy 2000 2000computer computerfrom fromthe the1980s 1980s witha withakfc kfcspeaker5 speaker5totomake makean an 80’s style mp3 player 80’s style mp3 player

A drifter with no name and no past, driven purely by desire, is convinced by a beautiful woman to murder her husband. A harddrinking detective down on his luck becomes involved with a gang of criminals in pursuit of a priceless artifact. The stories are at once romantic, pessimistic, filled with anxiety and a sense of alienation, and they define the essence of film noir. Noir emerged as a prominent American film genre in the early 1940s, distinguishable by its use of unusual lighting, sinister plots, mysterious characters, and dark themes. From The Maltese Falcon (1941) to

Actual 1980s ads: For reference

A lot of the lettering in the 1940s paperbacks resembled splash panels of comic books. ... and B-movies: “American paperbacks have had a close relationship with the Hollywood film . . . the film noir and the psychological thriller. ...

Bubbly typeface: Hand rendered graffiti style font to be reminiscent of the 1980’s Hip Hop, breakdancing graffitti style

Page 25


6800 // Rudi Myer

Projects Included in this section //

Study // Thesis Practice

Page 27

MDES 2011 Identity Multi-Tasking Visualization MDES Invite & Poster

Summary:

The part of the studio course was meant to help the student become more reflective about their design, to see beyond the obvious.


It’s no coincidence that the most memorable logo designs are also the most simple in appearance. You want the identities you create to be instantly recognisable, acting as a memorable identifier for the company they represent. A consumer will normally just take a fleeting glimpse at a logo, and an overly complex mark will make that opportunity redundant.

Launching a new logo design is exciting, but you need to consider how the use of that new logo will affect your overall visual brand identity. That means you need to plan and coordinate your efforts, so all of your marketing materials look and feel like they come from the same business. In other words, anything that a person sees that can be tied to your company should consistently represent your brand.

An Identity for the MDES 2011 Class

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3 Study // MDES 2011 Identity

M D

6800 // Rudi Myer

E MDes Winter 2011 Candace Ellicott // Process.

M D E S

V3.0-18.04.11 Page 29

S M


GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Concepts #3

S

Study // MDES 2011 Identity

6800 // Rudi Myers

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-18.04.11

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GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Study // MDES 2011 Identity

6800 // Rudi Myers

MDes Winter 2011

RELATIONSHIPS

ELATIONSHIPS

SIMPLIFICATION Relationships: between 7 Students

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-18.04.11

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SIMPLIFICATION COMMUNICATION Logo built on the circle COMMUNICATION Holistic learning 1 year-end to end Simplification Communication ACRONYM HELL

RELATIONSHIPS

Logo built on the circle

SIMPLIFICATION

COMMUNICATION

SIMPLIFICATION ACRONYM HELL

COMMUNICATION

Holistic learning 1 year-end to end

3-4 places the class has lived in the world

RELATIONSHIPS Logo built on the circle

ACRONYM HELL

Holistic learning 1 year-end to end China

USA

Nova Scotia

UK

3-4 places the class has lived in the world

places the class has lived in the world Where the class lives in NovaScotia

ACRONYM HELL

Saijia Brad Amy Jessica Patrick Candace Omnia

Dartmouth

24

China 3-4 places the class has lived in the world USA Nova Scotia UK

China

here the class lives in NovaScotia

Dartmouth

Saijia Brad Amy Jessica Patrick Candace Omnia

Where the class lives in NovaScotia School/Work – Years, Age Saijia

26

24

43

USA

41

Nova Scotia

UK

School/Work – Years, Age 10

20

40

Brad Amy

China

24

Halifax

26

43

Candace Omnia 24

Dartmouth China 10

20

40

Saijia Brad Amy Jessica Patrick Candace Omnia

Where the class lives in NovaScotia Dartmouth Halifax

Halifax

Saijia Brad Amy Jessica Patrick Candace Omnia

24 41

26

24

43

USA

41

Nova Scotia

UK

School/Work – Years, Age

10 20 USA 24

40 Nova Scotia 24

26

43

UK 41

School/Work – Years, Age

24

10

10

26

20

20

40

43

40

Acronym ACRONYM HELL Creating a visual Acronym: Meaningless meaning

Dartmouth Jessica Patrick 3-4 places the class has lived in the world

Where the class lives in NovaScotia

Concepts #2

Halifax

School/Work – Years, Age

24

41

Trusty Pencil


GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Concepts #1

7 abstract pencils

Study // Multi-Tasking Data Visualisation

6800 // Rudi Myers

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-18.04.11

Page 35


In 1960, Marshall McLuhan coined the term “global village”1. In doing so, McLuhan was referring to the invention of the radio in the 1920s and how informa-

A phenomenom of today’s computer literate, computer device centric populace. With the average person having 11 windows open and swapping between them 37 times an hour, it has changed they way we concentrate.

tion, for the first time ever, could be disseminated instantly to a vast number of people, and thus creating the culture of a‘village’ worldwide. In fact, McLuhan, a genius before his time, expanding upon the idea of a ‘global village’ in his book, Understanding Media (1964)2, predicts the rise of the information age over thirty years before the Internet made it a reality. Today, this is an undisputed fact, we “Skype” instead of call, we get our news from

Multi-Tasking Data Visualization

http://www.scribd.com/doc/41522964/The-Multitasking-Generation-Cultural-Phenomenon-Modern-Times

unofficial “tweets” and emails travel around the world instantaneously, keeping all of us in close contact, regardless of geography, race or culture. In fact, this new “global village” that we live in has developed its own culture, and in the following essay, I will explore these shared values and understandings3 and offer my theological opinion. While I will try to use Aotearoa examples to present my conclusions, the main point is that geographical

5

4

3

1

2

Min

Skype

6

V3.0-18.04.11

Assignment

7

Snack

Candace Ellicott // Process.

E-mail

MDes Winter 2011

Facebook

6800 // Rudi Myers

Web Music

Study // Multi-Tasking Data Visualisation

Thesis

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3 Page 37

10

9

8

Downtime

Concurrency


Skyping

Surfing

A MULTI-TASKING MOMENT

Email Facebook Facebook Assignment Assignment Surfing Surfing Skyping Skyping

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Assignment

Facebook

Email

Snack

Thesis

MDes Winter 2011

Freelance Freelance Music Music Thesis Thesis Snack Snack Email

6800 // Rudi Myers

Music

Assignment

Facebook

Email

Snack

Thesis

Music

Freelance

Study // Multi-Tasking Data Visualisation

Freelance

Surfing

Assignment

Facebook

Email

Snack

Thesis

Music

Freelance

Email Facebook Facebook Assignment Assignment Surfing Surfing

Music Music Thesis Thesis Snack Snack Email

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3 V3.0-18.04.11

time time

time per activity time

A A MULTI-TASKING MULTI-TASKING MOMENT MOMENT

Page 39


GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Study // MDES Poster & Invite

6800 // Rudi Myers

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-18.04.11

2011

2011

MDES Xxposition Poster Ideas

de•vel•op (verb)

Origin mid 17th C French, based on Latin

1. in the sense [unfold, unfurl]

AUGUST 18TH 6PM- LATE

Origin mid 17th C French, based on Latin

The Masters of Design Exposition displays an unfolding of students arguement and process leading to their final thesis proposal.

de•vel•op (verb) 1. in the sense [unfold, unfurl]

de•vel•op (verb) 1. in the sense [unfold, unfurl] Origin mid 17th C French, based on Latin

The Masters of Design Exposition displays an unfolding of students arguement and process leading to their final thesis proposal. August 18th 6pm- late

The Masters of Design Exposition displays an unfolding of students arguement and process leading to their final thesis proposal. August 18th 6pm- late

2011

Page 41


Study // MDES Poster & Invite

6800 // Rudi Myers

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Page 43

V3.0-18.04.11

Final Chosen Poster—Jessica’s

GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

PROCESS

The Master of Design Exposition will showcase the unfolding of students’ thesis arguments and the process leading to their final design proposals. Oh, and there will be treats, of course.

Monday April 18, 4:30—6:30pm NSCAD, Granville Street Entrance North Block, N400, Fourth Floor


GRADUATE DESIGN STUDIO 3

Study // MDES Poster & Invite

6800 // Rudi Myers

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-18.04.11

Page 45


Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

6900 // Marlene Ivey

Projects Included in this section //

Study // Thesis Practice

Page 47

Practice Concepts Expostion Concepts

Summary:

“The external becomes an even greater internal creative.� Element Cecil Balmond page 002

This course is geared towards developing the practice portion of the thesis study. As well it looks to help students refine and further reflect on their thesis study area. This course was one of the most useful of the semester. In the wake of the evolution of the personal computing paradigm how can design forge an opportunity to rethink the relationship between the consumer, their digital activities and their environment?


THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

MDes Winter 2011

6900 // Marlene Ivey

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Page 49

V3.0-01.03.11

Outline: Theoretical & Experimental

hesis Outline Visual Thesis Outline

licott v7_ Candace Ellicott

TITLE:

TITLE:

QUESTION QUESTION How can design forge a newcan approach the awake the evoluion How design in forge newof approach in the wake of the evoluion of the personal computing paradigm rethink the relationship of the personalto computing paradigm to rethink the relationship between the home user, their digital activities their environment? between the home user,and their digital activities and their environment?

QUESTION QUESTION How can design forge a newcan approach the awake the evoluion How design in forge newof approach in the wake of the evoluion of the personal computing paradigm rethink the relationship of the personalto computing paradigm to rethink the relationship between the consumer,between their digital activities and their environment? the consumer, their digital activities and their environment?

Sections & Content iii i ii iv AcknowledTOC’s Cover Abstract gements Page

0.0iv iii Introduction AcknowledTOC’s gements

Thesis Question

Imagine the landscape

Goals

0.0 1.0 1.0 an evolution in the personal computing paradigm Introduction The changing digital landscape: The changing digital landscape: an evolution in the personal computing paradigm Outline Imagine of the text landscape

3 main sections and a Resulting new phillosopical way of looking at it

Desktop Outline of Metaphor GUI text

Pervasiveness What it the death Ownership Is it Physical Planned What it the Is it the Planned History Desktop Pervasiveness the death ofofdigital Cloud? of digital Obsolesence vs vs PC as of the PC as Metaphor Cloud? of the Obsolesence devices Membership we know Virtualit? we know it? PC GUI devices

N.A historicalPhysical Impact N.A historical Ownership on Societyimpacts vs impacts vs alter behaviorVirtual alter behavior Membership

Trends?? Trends?? Rifkin Stats XeroxParc Businesses Businesses Carr “Access” vs vs Probes True/False Jobs/Apple Personal Probes Personal Turing Carr suggests?? suggests?? Windows Social Social Add trends? Stats Add trends? Networking Networking where its where its Cloud Tech Cloud Tech going going Pros/cons Pros/cons

Printing Press Press Change of Printing Behaviour Rifkin RifkinChange of Needs Industrial Change of Industrial Expectations “Access” Revolution Revolution Carr Carr Electric Grid Electric Grid Economic shift.. to Culture economy -upsurge of -upsurge of -Zezek Household Household Appliances Appliances

DEPENDENCE

Thakara

ning Theoretical Underpinning

History of PC Goals

4.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 The Impact of Technology the Individual Methodology & Methods and analysisReflection of data and design experiment The on Impact of Technology on the Individual MethodologyReflection & Methods and analysis of data and design experiment

Thakara Stop Reflect Evaluate Digi Lndsc changes On people

3 main sections and a Resulting new phillosopical way of looking at it

Stop Englebart Reflect Evaluate Turing

XeroxParc

Digi Lndsc Stats changes

Windows

On people

Jobs/Apple

Stats Englebart

Pros & Cons of Cloud Space Hyperconnectivity Data Persisitence Corp Giants ownership Security & Privacy Democracy

Pros & Cons of Cloud Space Hyperconnectivity Data Persisitence Corp Giants ownership Security & Privacy Democracy

Rifkin Carr True/False Carr

The PC as another appliance

BEHAVIOUR DEPENDENCE

The PC as another appliance

Impact on Impact theon Individual Society

Impact Why on AR? the Individual

Reflection & Iteration

FRAGMENTATION BEHAVIOUR Change of Behaviour Change Changeof ofNeeds Behaviour Change Changeof ofExpectations Needs Change of Expectations

FRAGMENTATION Change of Behaviour Change of Needs Change of Expectations CCRR Swann

Rifkin Protean People -Economic theatricalshift.. -torather have Less Stuff Culture economy and more access -Zezek

Rifkin Swann Protean People - theatrical - rather have Less Stuff and more access

- dot-coms- born online

- dot-coms- born online

New cognition? - Kelly-we are the web

New cognition? - Kelly-we are the web

FRAGMENTATION

FRAGMENTATION

Methods Why An AR? Intro

Methods An Intro

Intro Intro To Probe

Findings: Findings: Personal Fragmentation Curaorial Habits

Importance Findings: of Location Fragmentation

Many collections are computing Probes suggestMany collections PeopleUpsizing Probes suggest-Upsizing everywhere people were not Digitial people were not Digitial Why Reflect? Swann Probes Why Reflect? Time 2happy, organise happy, not the Time 2 organise objects not the objects Mattelmaki Becoming more online case in Europe. case in Europe. Era-coined Era-coined Life/work Many Life/work devices Many devices Other Methods Other Methods many things Swann things Sketchesmany maybe? Sketches maybe?Many balance balance files, Concerns Many files, many places many places Pros n Cons AnotherPros Era n Cons Interpretation Another Era Interpretation this is why I this is why I Asus says Asus says Much to manage many Much windows to manage many windows chose it CLOUD chose it CLOUD Probe Probe even more Multiple Devices even more Multiple Devices ProbesCCRR Mattelmaki

Questionnaire Sample Group.

now with Questionnaire Computers

now with Now aComputers new place to clean Sample Group. MessyAttitudes Attitudes towards desktop towards mess & Clutter -no time mess & Clutter

Curation of Digital CollectionsCuration of Digital Collections

cleanliness-OCD

cleanliness-OCD

More digital creation than ever More digital creation than ever

Memory and Filing Subjectivity

Memory and Filing Subjectivity

Downsizing Physical

Downsizing Physical

LACK OF SYNCRONIZATIONLACK OF SYNCRONIZATION

Theoretical Outline as opposed to the experimental one presented: This was modelled after an outline viewed on the Australian Universities web site.

Intro Reflection & Iteration

Findings: Intro Personal To Probe Curaorial Habits

Now a new place to clean Messy desktop -no time

5.0 5.0 A conceptual framework for design: framework for design: A conceptual Findings: Importance Attitudes of Location

Findings: Findings: ComplexityAttitudes

Conclusion Findings: Complexity

Importance of What people People are computing Importance of What people computer are saying...computer everywhere are saying... - fragmantation -harness the cloud Strong divide Becoming more online Strong divide -create a new more stems from how stems from how integrated Concerns integrated personal metaphor it is in ones life What people it is in ones life What people arent saying arent saying Dependence ComputersDependence Computers are complex are complex Necessary Evil Could be more Necessary Evil Could be more implicit implicit Environment can but requires Environment can but requires affect mood better “human” affect mood better “human” -not just locked design -not just locked design to desk to desk Learning Learning Dream Space new thingsDream Space new things not virtual Phobia of not virtual Phobia of breaking breaking

Conclusion

- fragmantation -harness the cloud -create a new more personal metaphor

Analogy in thought & Design

Pros and Cons of the ghost in the machine

Desktop Analogy

“Ghost in the Analogy Desktop Machine” Metaphor in thought Analogy Explain dualism & Design

Pros Ryle Is it no longer and Cons valid? of theDescartes ghost in the machine Xpark Ownership rethought

Is it no longer valid? Xpark

Rationale “Ghost in the Data Data Machine” Metaphorfor Control Ghost Explain dualism Panel Ghost

A new Ryle term for unified personal Descartes data Ownership rethought

Rationale Analogy: a good for of Control way communicating Panel

Steve Jobs Quote & Ford Quote

The importance Steve Jobs Quote of&analogy Ford Quote

Probes

Probes Hofsteader

A new term Implicitfor unified personal Interactions data

Pinker Implicit Interactions Xerox Parc

Analogy: About the a go way of Panel comm Control

The importan of analogy Highlights Hofsteader Control Panel -master, Slave Pinker Xerox Parc


THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

Page 51


THESIS STUDY

Study Towards //Cultural a New Conceptual Probes Framework

Probe Packs: Building Empathy Getting Data through Analysis

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

Holiday Lighting Change of environment Comfort Noise Office is to work oriented Change scenery Leisure vs work

$0 - $750.00

Ownership Privacy/Security Behaviours altered Brain altered

$$ Apps

Concerns

Computer/Life Integration

Back up Faulty Equipment Access Theft Breakage Biz goes down Power failure Battery failure Trust issues

Awkward

DVD

Archiving

Cloud

Digital

Onboard Smartphone

Only Creation

Onboard Devices

Photos Video Music Games

Food

Patterns Classification

Physical

Hoarding

House with technology Outside NO technology

Bring Work Home

Space Restrictions No Dewey Decimal Sys. Alphabetic

Organisation Messy Feelings

Clothing

Scanner Digital Pens Photo Camera Video Camera

Online Files

Dream Place

File: Stuff for Anticipated Need File: Stuff for Future Need File: Stuff for Immediate File: Nostalgia & Heirlooms Sports

Multitasking

iDevices Tablet SmartPhone NetBook Laptop Desktop

Storage & Creation

Many devices

Many files

Photos TV Music Video Games

Onboard External Drives

Many windows

Specialty Apps Crude Very Little Google Docs Mobile Me E-mail Music App

Work/ play blurring

Photos TV Games Music Video

Loss of Mind Laziness Clutter Frustration Stress Content Guilt Organised Anxiety Shit-storm

Time

Peace of mind

Life/Work Balance

Digital Organisation workload

Movie Tools

Why?

Books

Music

Tidy

De-clutter Comfort Memory Happier Create Efficiency & Collect Overwhelmed Stress-free Saves time Efficient Stress-free Proximity Streamlined Aesthetic Leave Clues Empowered Happy Photos Video Leave Notes On the ball Music Art Hot Zone Can handle life Games Illustration Voicemail Reminder Pre-planning E-mail Reminder Documents

Obnoxious features Explicit Interactions

Data Service Areas

Files Music TV Photos Video

Onboard Computer

A Complexity of Devices & Software

Wifi Hubs

Synchronization

Onboard iPod

Drive

Undue features Unecessary Steps

Bedroom

Digital Fragmentation

Personal Collections

Bad Design

Living Room

Reliability

Online Social Networks

V3.0-01.03.11

Home Office

Relief Stress Withdrawl Lobotomy Anxiety Loss Feelings Video Frustration without Listening Mobile Solutions Reading Surfing Shopping Administration are Changing Social networking Recipes Watching Computing Work Creative hobby Dictation What for? Online Finances Communication Locations Create Documents

VimeoYou Tube Flickr My Space Mobile Me Facebook

Candace Ellicott // Process.

Stress

Why?

6-16 hours per day Daily hours ON

MDes Winter 2011

6900 // Marlene Ivey

Personal Collection Management

Classified Groupings

Highly Subjective

Colour Groups

Use Groups Where is it kept

Common Traits

IM Chatting

Fragmentation of Working Habits

Eating

Page 55


THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

Key Probe Themes

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

Steve’s Personal Collections

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

Mae’s Personal Collections

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

Bruce’s Personal Collections

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Study Towards //Cultural a New Conceptual Probes Framework

Nancy’s Collections

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

Pascal’s Collections

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

Personal Computing spaces

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

Page 69

Multiple Workspaces: Student Home Library Coffee Shop

Who’s worksoace? Mico Gina Sandie Bruce Don Ace


THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

Page 71

Personal Computing spaces

Who’s workspace? Left Page: Nancy Right Page: Ray Bottom Right: Steve

Dream Space/Office


THESIS STUDY

Annoying places

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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Online, Onboard Filing & Storage

Who’s online workspace? Left Page: Ray Right Page: Ace


THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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Who’s computer workspace? Left Page: Nancy Right Page: Jason


THESIS STUDY

Who’s online workspace? Left Page: Jason Mae Right Page: Mae Next Page: Sarah

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

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THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

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Who’s online workspace? Left Page: Mico Right Page: Sandie


THESIS STUDY

Towards a New Conceptual Framework

6900 // Marlene Ivey

MDes Winter 2011

Candace Ellicott // Process.

V3.0-01.03.11

Woke up: 3AM Discussed one man’s insane creation with Fussbett.

I am fairly organized, though I wouldn’t expect anyone else to jump into my world and understand. I know where stuff needs to go and live a fairly routine lifestyle so I am rarely scrambling for stuff. I also like to plan ahead when I can and know that if something out of the ordinary is coming up, I need to plan further ahead so as not to be caught with my pants down in a disorganized fashion. No. Not that a messy mind is a bad thing either. Everybody’s different. I think a clean desk is a sign of the following: a person who is not busy enough, an obsessive compulsive, someone who is insecure.

Tell me a story about your managing stuff... A lot of my stuff gets re-purposed or stored and transferred to usable qtys. Toothbrushes and faceclothes get demoted from the bathroom to the bike room. Tires, chains and other parts get demoted from the nice bike to the beater bike to the spare parts bucket. Bulk spices are kept in a x-mas cookie tin and are used to fill jars in the spice drawer. Same with sugar and cocoa. Clean to not-so-clean, new to old, big to small.

Woke up....Watched cartoons with the kids a bit, Had coffee with riding buddies, went for 100K ride (maybe the last of the year), came home and proceeded to buy a used PC monitor to replace dead one. Got groceries and made black bean tostadas.

(05:28:47) Ray: a meter maid stopped to ask a demento if he knew where the hell he was, and then called the cops. Front page : “Hero Meter Maid saves man’s life” (05:29:01) Fussbett: haha sheesh (07:21:25) Fussbett: RAY (07:21:26) Fussbett: RAY (07:21:29) Fussbett: RAY (07:21:30) Fussbett: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAr-xYtBFbY (11:40:58) Ray: Use of a sub-int array, i.u8[3] for example, will force a var non-register (03:06:32) Ray: a graphics library (03:08:41) Fussbett: yeah that’s right (03:09:04) Fussbett: Also, if you see in his other videos, he’s got songs from God, aka random melodies (03:09:43) Ray: “I’m still watching this one the first tim (03:10:12) Ray: he made his own C variant that uses commas in place of shift operators (03:11:54) Ray: “This is 64 bit disasembly. It has source debuggin” (03:12:49) Fussbett: I can’t tell you how little I understand what’s going on there. (03:12:56) Fussbett: But I appreciate the Commodore 64 font (03:15:30) Ray: what he’s done would be a neat, wacky project had he used modern tools, but the whole thing is built in assembly, the processor’s native language (which is different for every processor) (03:16:48) Ray: *every processor family, e.g. Atom vs ARM vs Core i7 (03:17:37) Ray: I’m not sure the insanity of it can be appreciated by a layperson. This is a very detail oriented person. (03:17:57) Fussbett: that part IS appreciated, actually (03:18:30) Fussbett: You can tell he built a sub-DOS level OS from scratch that it better than all other OSes because............................. (03:18:40) Fussbett: ........................it’s unique? (03:19:06) Fussbett: http://www.losethos.com/ (03:19:24) Ray: A phrase like “Use of a sub-int array, i.u8[3] for example, will force a var non-register” is a sensible thing, but with alien phrasing, and it’s not really tip of the day material, even in a programming language (03:20:30) Ray: it’s not comparable to DOS, it’s like a Lisp machine, where your OS and command line and running program and arer in one language (Lisp, here his other thing) (03:20:43) Ray: and arer = are all (03:21:20) Ray: it seems like he has not read much of the literature, which is freaky but also kind of impressive (03:22:49) Ray: Menu and the “F1” in “F1... Help” are in blinking font (03:23:09) Ray: I feel those UI principles are analagous to the technical principles ta play here (03:23:26) Fussbett: haha ok (03:25:08) Fussbett: Answer ------------------> NOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!! (03:30:03) Ray: 9) LoseThos documents are not for printing. They’re dynamic and intended for the screen. There will always be just one font, a fixed-width font. No Unicode, just ASCII. (03:30:13) Ray: Item 9 of the LoseThose Constitution (really) (03:30:33) Fussbett: yup, well after no security and no networking (03:30:55) Fussbett: also well after 640x480x16 too (03:31:09) Ray: Games will be created by programmers, not artists. (03:31:17) Fussbett: sorry, artists (03:31:23) Ray: you had your day (03:33:13) Fussbett: I thought the game examples were probably the saddest part (03:33:52) Fussbett: Because before the games you can sort of imagine the rest being a hobbyist proof of concept/show off... (03:34:06) Fussbett: But once he makes 4 examples games, and 9 hymns... (03:34:33) Fussbett: I think he’s maybe color blind and also everything else blind (03:34:44) Fussbett: So to him, this all looks ok (03:35:41) Ray: here is a cyan hose / faucet game. It is using 0% CPU. (03:36:07) Ray: sorry 30% of one CPU, the other core is 0%. (03:39:38) Fussbett: haha back listening to the videos again, I forgot about his voice (03:39:44) Fussbett: That’s a big part of the experience. (03:39:59) Fussbett: Also, listening to his keys. It might be a retrofitted typewriter (03:40:01) Ray: yeah utub commenyter who thought it was generated (03:40:31) Fussbett: 11 ) IBM Selectric input only (03:40:51) Ray: buckling-spring only NATCH (03:43:46) Fussbett: http://www.losethos.com/videos/hoops.html (03:43:48) Fussbett: “Hoops” (03:43:55) Fussbett: No hoops in game. (03:44:38) Fussbett: an artist might think that’s important, but this is programmer country (03:45:39) Ray: you can hear every squeak of rubber on the parquet flooring (03:45:40) Fussbett: girlfriend: What’s that noise? me: a basketball dribbling girlfriend: Are you still watching the video of the man who’s about to cry? (03:46:24) Ray: this game, what is going on (03:46:31) Ray: is the ball a metaphor for something? (03:46:49) Fussbett: the cyan tube game is also pretty incredible: http://www.losethos.com/videos/squirt.html

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Bits n Bobs from probes? Left Page: Pascal Right Page: Ray


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This clearly must have been one step too many, as I never did receive the images off her iPod, why do they make you forever tethered to another device? Apple, Hmmm

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Project Presentation 3 key areas of research

Virtual Online Space “The Cloud” space; Subscription-model online services allowing 24/7 online access to storage, data and applications. A shift from ownership to access.

GOAL: Easing the data deluge and onus on devices while erasing the limitations of location.

Personal Computing for the consumer

Physical Digital Devices

The effect on the consumer with all the changes in technologies has affected their way of computing

The evolution of home technologies, from the PC desktop computers to laptops, notebooks, smartphones, ebooks, tablets and iphones

Once objects and the desktop were physical now much of it is virtual. Now we have a ‘ghost in the computer’

Changing Digital Landscape

Impact of Technology on Personal Computer User

Personal Digital Curation & Home Management Habits


THESIS STUDY

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Ownership changing

Einstein’s famous dictum

“my hammer”

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Understanding Metahistory / Spimes

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Naming and identity for the control panel—system

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Control Panel/System Project Interface Design A control panel to manage and connect all data. The design is pretty standard and logical, where this interface gets interesting is with all it’s different possible views of an individuals data.

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Logical, Rigid structures for interfaces Bubbly typeface: Hand rendered graffiti style font to be reminiscent of the 1980’s Hip Hop, breakdancing graffitti style

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Organic “human” structures for interfaces

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Interface concepts for the Unite system

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Real-Time Synchrnization between Devices

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Downloading your Profiles to other Machines, like in an Internet Cafe

cloud

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Biometrics: Hand or eye scans

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An Average Person’s Candace Ellicott // Process.

Data Sphere

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Documents, Images, Bookmarks, Address Book--Personal onboard data: Hard drives, Usb, iPod, etc Gmail, Hotmail. Instant messenger, Online Magazines, Associations, Creative services--Miscellaneous Online Subscriptions Google Searches, website page trails, shopping trails--Misc. online data trails, data kept by other companies Passwords, Transactions, Credit cards, Reward cards--Online Banking Data Flickr, delicious, Facebook, Yahoo, MySpace--Social Networks

Understanding Metaphor & Anaolgy It is not hyperbole ... to suggest that without metaphor, interaction design today would be severely limited, especially in the digital realm. After all, no one addresses his computer without some metaphoric mediation; we do not speak machine language. Metaphor provides us with the means to understand our complex digital devices.

Lily Pad and cohesive root system analogy (OPPOSITE) Used to show a uniting of ones data behind the scenes or under the water in this case.

Candaces New Data Sphere

A New Personal Data Sphere Harnessed into One

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“Ghosts, they are un-sci-en-ti-fic.” “You look like you’d seen a ghost.” John and Chris look at me and I turn away from them to the door. It is still raining hard, but we make a run for it to the rooms. The gear on the cycles is protected and we wait until the storm passes over before removing it. After the rain stops, the sky lightens a little. But from the motel courtyard, I see past the cottonwoods that a second darkness, that of night, is about to come on. We walk into town, have supper, and by the time we get back, the fatigue of the day is really on me. We rest, almost motionless, in the metal armchairs of the motel courtyard, slowly working down a pint of whiskey that John brought with some mix from the motel cooler. It goes down slowly and agreeably. A cool night wind rattles the leaves of the cottonwoods along the road. Chris wonders what we should do next. Nothing tires this kid. The newness and strangeness of the motel surroundings excite him and he wants us to sing songs as they did at camp. “We’re not very good at songs,” John says. “Let’s tell stories then,” Chris says. He thinks for a while. “Do you know any good ghost stories? All the kids in our cabin used to tell ghost stories at night.”

“You tell us some,” John says. And he does. They are kind of fun to hear. Some of them I haven’t heard since I was his age. I tell him so, and Chris wants to hear some of mine, but I can’t remember any. After a while he says, “Do you believe in ghosts?” “No,” I say “Why not?” “Because they are un-sci-en-ti-fic.” The way I say this makes John smile. “They contain no matter,” I continue, “and have no energy and therefore, according to the laws of science, do not exist except in people’s minds.” The whiskey, the fatigue and the wind in the trees start mixing in my mind. “Of course,” I add, “the laws of science contain no matter and have no energy either and therefore do not exist except in people’s minds. It’s best to be completely scientific about the whole thing and refuse to believe in either ghosts or the laws of science. That way you’re safe. That doesn’t leave you very much to believe

in, but that’s scientific too.” “I don’t know what you’re talking about,” Chris says. “I’m being kind of facetious.” Chris gets frustrated when I talk like this, but I don’t think it hurts him. “One of the kids at YMCA camp says he believes in ghosts.” “He was just spoofing you.” “No, he wasn’t. He said that when people haven’t been buried right, their ghosts come back to haunt people. He really believes in that.” “He was just spoofing you,” I repeat. “What’s his name?” Sylvia says. “Tom White Bear.” John and I exchange looks, suddenly recognizing the same thing. “Ohhh, Indian!” he says. I laugh. “I guess I’m going to have to take that back a little,” I say. “I was thinking of European ghosts.” “What’s the difference?” John roars with laughter. “He’s got you,” he says. I think a little and say, “Well, Indians sometimes have a different way of looking at things, which I’m not saying is completely wrong. Science isn’t part of the Indian tradition.” “Tom White Bear said his mother and dad told him not to believe all that stuff. But he said his grandmother whispered it was true anyway, so he believes it.” He looks at me pleadingly. He really does want to know things sometimes. Being facetious is not being a very good father. “Sure,” I say, reversing myself, “I believe in ghosts too.” Now John and Sylvia look at me peculiarly. I see I’m not going to get out of this one easily and brace myself for a long explanation. “It’s completely natural,” I say, “to think of Europeans who believed in ghosts or Indians who believed in ghosts as ignorant. The scientific point of view has wiped out every other view to a point where they all seem primitive, so that if a person today talks about ghosts or spirits he is considered ignorant or maybe nutty. It’s just all but completely impossible to imagine a world where ghosts can actually exist.” John nods affirmatively and I continue. “My own opinion is that the intellect of modern man isn’t that superior. IQs aren’t that much different. Those Indians and medieval men were just as intelligent as we are, but the context in which they thought was completely different. Within that context of thought, ghosts and spirits are quite as real as atoms,

Robert Pirsig Exerpt: Zen and the Art of Motor Cycle Maintenance. -On the concept of ghost -A philosophical idea. - pages 13-17

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Some say, ghosts, are goolish? Since the conceptual framework represented by the term “ghost in the machine” is meant to be a tool for the designer attempting to solve the problem of fragmentation, the analogy may only be expressed to the end user through the work of the designer. It may be present only as an implicit part of that work rather than through any words or catch-phrase, obviating the danger posed by any potentially negative connotations contained in the term. Alternately, it might be argued that the potentially troubling concept of a ghost no longer carries the negative emotional weight that it might have in more superstitious times. Children dress as ghosts for Halloween and Casper the Friendly Ghost, a cartoon character first introduced in 1939, has since appeared in comic-books and cartoons intended for children. Perhaps at this point in the history of Western culture the concept of a ghost can be presented more as a quaint notion suitable for the amusement of small children rather than an inherently frightening or disturbing one, so, if a designer were to choose to use the term “ghost in the machine” as part of their design, it could be made to engage rather than repel the target audience. As well, a misinterpretation of the term would be to compare the idea of the ghost to a goolish scary creature that haunts people. Robert Pirsig frames the notion of “ghost” as an abstraction of pre-conceived ideas that people have deemed real, in his book Zen of the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. He suggests that everything scientific has not necessarily proven. And contends that gravity, the laws of physics and logic, the number system, the principle of algebraic substitution are just such ghosts which people believe in so much that they become real. He goes onto ask the question, “did gravity exist before Newton invented it?” Pirsig writes that that it did not exist before Newton. It only exists in people’s heads after the discovery.

Dan Mountford http://www.flickr.com/photos/danmountford/

This analogy embodies the idea of dualism as implied by the mind/body analogy. A similar duality exists between the users data and their hardware. As well a further abstraction of dualism exists between the physicality of the user themselves and their splintered data ghost or soul. The ghost expresses the concept of one’s soul which is analogous to one’s data. And at the moment data is splintered. The idea of the ghost is a way to capture all ones data in a united form. In essence

making the immaterial a reality. In this framework it unites as well as give ownership to one’s expanse of splintered data. It now can be is located anywhere and knowhere

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Three levels of abstraction

1

2

Entertainment data: Digital Music Digtal Movies Entertainment data:

Digtal TV shows Mos Def Withnail and I Big Love Digital Music Digtal Movies Digtal TV shows Amy Winehouse Big Lebowski 30 Rock Mos Def Withnail and I Big Love PJ Harvey Cider House Sopranos Amy Winehouse Big Lebowski 30 Rock Ratatat Tank Girl Dexter PJ Harvey Cider House Sopranos Portishead Objectified Sunny in Philedelphia Ratatat Tank Girl Dexter Tom Waits Helvetica Holmes on Homes Portishead Objectified Sunny in Philedelphia The Genius Changing Spaces Tom Waits Helvetica Holmes on Homes of Design The Genius Changing Spaces uckleberry Fin of Design Sleeping Dogs Lie uckleberry Fin Cyrus Sleeping Dogs Lie Cyrus

School documents Thesis work 6800 Leblanc School documents Class references 6900 Ivey

TDOnline Account BankingMastercar CIBC Account Emerald Vis TD Account Mastercar RBC Account CIBC Account Waterhouse Emerald Vis RBC Account ING Waterhouse Paypal ING Barclays Paypal Acco

Barclays Acco

Thesis work 6800Courses Leblanc Class readings MDes Class references 6900 Ivey Project briefs References readings MDes CoursesPdfClass books Communication References Project briefs Omnia Attalia Presentations PdfDesign books Communication Book Saija Sun Presentations OmniaFoster Attalia Poster Design Patrick Book Design Saija Sun Patrick Foster Poster Design

>>>>>>> Personal data Passwords Personal data Image libraries Passwords Bank acounts Image libraries Subscriptions Bank acounts Software Subscriptions Freeware Software Social Networking Freeware Apple Social Networking

Banking data Online Banking Banking data

Location: Cloud Location: Location: Cloud 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia Eaglehead Liverpool Location: Nova Scotia Eaglehead Liverpool Nova Scotia

Location: 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia 2155 South Street Halifax Nova Scotia

Location: Cloud Location: Location: Cloud 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia 2155 South Street Halifax Nova Scotia

Location: Cloud Location: Location: Cloud 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia Eaglehead Liverpool Location: Nova Scotia Eaglehead Liverpool Nova Scotia

Yet to exist... Unified Virtual Data Ghost A unified digital ghost of a virtual personin the machine. Your data ghost.

>>>>>>>

A disembodiment of data as a physical entity.

Gmail address2 Gmail address1Skype Archive conversat Yahoo address Gmail address2FaceTime Skype Gmail video Mail Yahoo address Yahoo FaceTime Mac Mailvideo Gmail Yahoo Mail Mac Mail

Physical objects NOt many virtual especially in the personal domain

Physical as well as a fragmented virtual

Location-based A person in the physical landscape

Location: Cloud Location: Location: Cloud 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia NSCAD webmail 2244 Duke Street Location: Halifax NSCAD webmail 2244 Duke Street Halifax

Cloud Services Dropbox Yahoo Mail Cloud Services

Lostpedia Forum Evernote Forum Dropbox Linked YahooInMail Siamese Lostpedia Forum Carbonite Evernote Flickr Linked In Siamese Forum Facebook You Tube Location: Carbonite Flickr Cloud Twitter Facebook Plaxo You Tube Location: Gmail Cloud Twitter Delicious Plaxo You send it Gmail Delicious

Location: Eaglehead Liverpool Location: Nova Scotia Eaglehead Liverpool Nova Scotia

You send it

The fragmentation of a person’s digital life located physically on multiple devices.

Applications InDesign Adobe Applications

Location: Lahave Bridgewater Location: Nova Scotia Lahave Bridgewater Nova Scotia

Passwords Image libraries Passwords Bank acounts Image libraries Subscriptions Bank acounts Family Software Photos Subscriptions Relationship Withdrawls Banking Family Freeware Software To Do List Siamese cats Email transfer Documents Relationship Social Networking Withdrawls Freeware Creative ideas To Do List Siamese cats Apple Imagery Documents Social Networking Documents Google Creative ideas Illustration Apple Creative ideas Imagery Documents Business ideas Storage Illustration Google Creative Thoughtsideas Resume Car alarm Business ideas Storage alarm ResumeHouse Thoughts Car alarm

Personal data Photos Personal data Banking

alarm Visual reference material House Google Calendar Photography Book: Contacts Visual reference material Address Google Calendar Character / Toys Friends Photography Address Book: Contacts Family AdCharacter campaigns Thesis / Toys Friends Clients Projects Class references Websites Family Aquaintances Ad campaigns Thesis Class readings Clients Businesses Graphics Class references Websites Aquaintances Reference material Emergency Illustrations readings Businesses Graphics Doctor PdfClass books Reference material artists Emergency Veterinarian Presentations Illustrations Doctor Pdf books Garage packaging Book Design Cyc artists Veterinarian l Presentations in Shopping g/E poster Design Garage packaging x Away Take Book Design C yclin ercis Videos Shopping e School g/E poster Design Entertainment data xer data Take Away Hear Rates cise Videos Music collection School Entertainment data Exercise routing data Hear Rates Mos Def collection Music Cyclling CVrouting Exercise Amy Winehouse Mos Def Races Work data Cyclling CV PJAmy Harvet Winehouse Special Clients RacesDiets Work data Ratatat PJ Harvet Inspirational sites TORQ Special Diets Portishead Clients Ratatat Pink Bike Entertainment Inspirational sites Paramount Tom Waits TORQ Portishead TriPink Rudy LaParamount Soyarie Entertainment Bike Beatles Tom Waits Cycling contacts Cyclesmith Tri Rudy Mayer Haythorne La Soyarie Beatles Pope Foundation Cycling contacts Robert Nina Simone Cyclesmith Mayer Haythorne Packaging Macy Robert Pope Foundation NinaGrey Simone Posters Packaging Macy Grey Letterhead Posters Website Letterhead

School data Projects School data

Location: 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Nova Scotia 2155 South Street Halifax Nova Scotia

Communication data Gmail address1 Archive conversat Communication data

Present

Recipes + 300 cal

- 200 cal Recipes + 200 cal+ 300 Chicken cal Soup vegetable Soup - 200 cal - 200 cal + 200 cal Chicken Soup vegetable Soup - 200 cal Email transfer

Location: NSCAD University 2244 Duke St. Location: Halifax NSCAD University Nova Scotia 2244 Duke St. Halifax Nova Scotia

Apple

BC-1980’s

3

Location-free and device-free.

Creation data Software Creation data Software

Adobe Adobe Dreamweaver Adobe Adobe InDesign Flash Dreamweaver InDesign Fireworks Photoshop Flash Bridge Fireworks Acrobat Photoshop Version Cue Bridge Acrobat Illustrator Microsoft Office Illustrator Version Cue

Gmail Gmail Mac Mail Excel Dropbox Mac Mail

Word Microsoft Office Powerpoint Word Excel Powerpoint

Dropbox Evernote Evernote

Photoshop Dreamweaver InDesign Adobe Acrobat Flash Photoshop Dreamweaver Illustrator Fireworks Acrobat Flash Bridge Offic Location: Illustrator Fireworks Microsoft Version Cloud BridgeCue Word Microsoft Offic Location: Location: Version Cue Powerpoint Cloud 2155 South Street Word Halifax Excel Location: Powerpoint Excel

A transition into a purely conceptual state of being. Making the computer just an idea, a virtual computer experience.

iLife Growl Garage OCR iLife Band Abby Growl imovie Drop Stuff Garage Band Abby OCR iphoto Toast imovie DropTitanium Stuff Suitcase iphoto Toast Titanium Cyberduck Suitcase Widgets Cyberduck Diggable Planets Weather Widgets Diggable Planets Dictionary Weather Word of thh day Dictionary Buck 62 Cicero Word of thh day

Nova Scotia 2155 South Street Halifax Location: Novawebmail Scotia NSCAD 2244 Duke Street Location: Halifax NSCAD webmail 2244 Duke Street Halifax

Buck 62 Livescribe MGMT Pen Tips Livescribe CBCTips PodCast Pen Preview CBC PodCast Preview TextEdit TextEdit

Cicero

Social Networking Facebook Social Flickr Networking Twitter Tube FacebookYou Flickr Linked In Delicious Twitter You Tube

Linked In Delicious

Location: Cloud Location: Cloud

uTorrent uTorrent MGMT

Website

Online shopping Ebay Kijji Online shopping

Howies Etsy Ebay Kijji Paul Frank Threadless Howies Etsy Paul Frank Threadless

Communication Gmail Communication Skype Mac Mail Skype Gmail Yahoo Macmail Mail Facebook Yahoo mail Twitter Facebook Linked In Twitter Linked In

Social Networking Facebook Social Flickr Networking Twitter Tube FacebookYou Flickr Linked In Delicious Twitter You Tube

Linked In Delicious

Cloud Services Dropbox Cloud Services Evernote Dropbox Carbonite Evernote Facebook Carbonite Twitter Facebook Gmail Twitter Yahoo Mail Gmail Linked YahooInMail Flickr Linked In You Tube Flickr Plaxo You Tube Delicious Plaxo You send it Delicious Lost YouForum send it Siamese Forum Lost Forum

Siamese Forum

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The “ghost in the machine” The term “ghost in the machine” was coined by the British philosopher, Gilbert Ryle, to describe Descartes’ mind-body dualism. Ryle may have used the term to poke fun at the notion that the mind and body are separate. It would be ridiculous to suggest that the data which exists in a computer system (whether in a local hard-drive or somewhere in “the cloud”) actually exists in some supernatural plane, separate from the devices in which it originated. Although, new technologies and approaches to computing, such as cloud computing, make it decreasingly important for the everyday user to keep track of where their data physically exists. As this fundamental shift snowballs it becomes increasingly important that a new, intuitive conceptual framework like the “ghost in the machine” replace the old to prevent limitations to allow new ways of conceptualising people and their data, people and their computers as well as people and their environment. This is a new way of thinking about who and what we are. Whether you call it a digital shadow, your invisible data or in this case a data ghost, it is the essence of a person in their full digital form. Just as a computer is not literally a desktop and yet that metaphor is the conceptual core of the operating systems that allowed computers to emerge from the domain of the technical specialist and hobbyist into the mainstream, the “ghost in the machine” is a metaphor that may provide the theoretical framework for working with the new paradigm of data in “the cloud”.

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Data ghosts Entertainment Collection

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Data ghosts

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Music activity Hip Hop Brit Pop Indie Soul Blues

The Beautiful South Carry on Up the Charts

Throw his song Away Old Red Eyes Love Wars We Are Each Other Love Wars 36D Norway Each Other You Keep It All In Bell Bottom Tear Little Time Good as Gold My Book

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Hard drive data

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Scenario Building Netbook Spare media computer

He suggested she tried the Unite system for synchronizing her data with her devices.

iPhone main phone Laptop Work computer

iPhone

Customize Interface

Nook

MacBook Air

Todd (IM) Hey, Bob, Its raining, I need to move to my hotel, I’ll catch up, asap.

IM

Add background

Create custom folders

Choose home page

Upload new view

Choose label colour

Tag backed up files

IM

Desktop Home computer

IM

Fully Automated

iPod

IM

Overlapping work and home computer usage is common for Tonya, as she is busy. She uses her laptop mainly for work while the home desktop she also uses to store family heirlooms and it is what Claire does her homework on.

Semi Automate

Laptop

No Automation

Smartphone

Real-time synched environments

iPod Touch

Todd and Nancy are fitted out, with files and software they need for work, entertainment, and communication.

With Unite fully installed on all their devices and customized and synched up to Cloud storage, they were able to carry out business and daily life as if they had not left home almost. All movie files, music, TV, documents was at their finger tips.

With the advanced settings Todd & Nancy customized all the settings, look and feel, to work with their situation. To allow full location independence but also not to break the bank by storing too much in Cloud storage. They chose not to back uo media files, for instance, and had them running off a hard drive at home. They also didn’t want the Nook, and idevices having mirrored drives.

A feature Todd and Nancy use a lot is the real-time synchedenvironments, just one of the many types of synching features. They both thoroughly enjoy all the seamless synching features the system offers.

Great, it can also automate a back up as well!

Tonya has to get the computer fixed because there is always one file on the computer that goes down that you need, and this was one of those cases. As it take a week to fix she needs to get her daughter's homework, as well as images to make Claire a Hannah Montana birthday card and invites. Thankfully the technician put all their data in

Tonya was willing to give the Unite system a go, even though she has no patience for software aggravation. A quick 4 step install process was needed on one of her devices and then a simple additional step for all her other devices. Tonya was then able to access her data. After the retinal scan she decided to leave the password set-up

Cloud storage so she could access it easily.

until a later date.

Todd was outside in a cafe, starting his day off by answering e-mails, reading RSS feeds, and having an (IM) conversation with Bob discussing a project while reviewing their Google document and spreadsheet. The heavens opened up so Todd fled to his hotel room and jumped on his netbook. The real-time sync feature lets Todd hit a button and automagically synch up where he left off.

Happy Birthday Claire

Item Folder Folder

IM

!!!ALERT!!!

Folder These files have NOT been accessed Item since 2003 Choose item Item

On Tuesday, Jan. 11, 2016: when Tonya attempted to

SMS

upgrade a driver on her PC, it just up and konked out. Tonya has a full life with little time to fuss over things, especially her home computer.

FolderWould you like to delete them Packed away in their digital devices and synched up with Unite Todd & Nancy took 675 comic books, 210 novels, 25 games, 527 music CDs, 25 Boxset TV Series, 180 movie DVD’s, 40 audio cassette books, boxes of photos and a lot of software and extra hardware. But luckily, besides Todd’s skateboard it all fit in a suitcase and a carry-on. If Todd and Nancy were to pack the physical items they were taking with them digitally they would need a small Uhaul to carry them.

Would you like a reminder in 1 year Never delete these files.

Folder Folder Folder Item

They both really liked the little ‘digital hoarder” alert. It alerted them to the fact that a number of their files had not been accessed for a long time, and did they ...

Linking up all their communication sources into one stream or panel made for easy conversation tracking: from e-mail, to Twitter, Facebook, Skype, Instant Messenger, etc. This is a feature that they both love, with different ways to sort and view the communications allows for an ease of keeping track of wandering conversations from IM to e-mail, to....

iPod Touch

Joan, basically is not big into computers, at least not at home. She uses her desktop at work for a few personal e-mails and storage as they are so few and far between.

As Joan has to update her resume she also needs access to her old files from her work computer that are now in the Unite system, in this case an internet cafe. Unite

However, as Joan doesn’t own a license for Word, Unite alerts her to this and suggests she download a 30 day trial or use Google docs (free). After using the system a

Joan isn’t a luddite, but would most likely be considered a beginner. Her work demands that she use some limited programs, e-mail, Word, Excel.

found Joan 20GB free storage, more than enough room for her files. At the cafe Joan downloads her

few times, Joannotices that it has a page that records all the last programs and files she’s used. This makes things

old work environment right down to apps and her old desktop pattern.

quicker for her.

Joan has been let go from her job and it was suggested that she sign up and upload any of her personal her files to the Unite system. She did have a few files she’d like to save, recipes from work mates, photos, resume, e-mail addresses, etc.

A feature that has become useful but is new for Joan is

As Joan has been spending more time at the Internet

the ability to access her recipe files from her iPod Touch, She uses dictation to put her shopping list on the iPod, but on occasion, if she sees a special on at the grocers

cafe, she has realized there is a digital world opening up to her, especially having her own data ghost, Unite sys. Downloading podcasts and music while she works makes

and will look up an appropriate recipe by synching with her Unite data.

for a comfortable environment which she then synch with her iPod to walk to.

At Kinkos, Tonya realizes she forgot her netbook with all the images she had downloaded for Claire's card. As Tonya had installed Unite she was able to get her files through her interface on her iPhone, add some copy and then e-mail it to Kinkos and have it printed

Tonya tried and loved the fully automated file management feature, as she has little time to file and organise. Her files are here there and everywhere, but whatever file view Tonya chooses, the system will display her smattering of files in that view. This is a powerful feature of the Unite System.

while she waited.

She can even add different view styles, if she new how to program open source. The views create a new lens or filter with which to look at her digital clutter. Yay!!


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Concepts and characters

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THESIS STUDY

Exposition Ideas An exposing of ideas through a small-scale public exhibition (in the case of the MDES show) or show, as of art or manufactured products: an exposition of 19th-century paintings; an automobile exposition. In this case of thesis study presentations.

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Towards a New Conceptual Framework

Exposition Concepts Refined-v2

Rough Concept: Posters mapping the issue of the changing digital landscape. Refined from the originals presented.

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What is the changing digital landscape ?

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AN EVOLING TECHNOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE

Cloud 2001 SaaS (Software as a service) Software on demand a corporate business phenomenon

Imagine that you have stayed in one place and over time that place has slowly grown up around you, from a small village to a city. Now apply that same concept to the changing digital landscape. Over the past 20 years with the advent of the world wide web, we have been slowly drawn into technology, which has hastened the growth and changes in the digital landscape, invisibly growing around us and forever altering the way we work, play and live. 1995 modem technology 56kb 1990 advent web access of www in all homes Tim Berners -lee

Moving from desktop to Cloutop, perhaps...

199? High speed access in all canadian cities 1.2mb/sec 1997 Google Search launched

2001 Ipod launched 2004 2001 Facebook the tablet launched concept was made popular as a concept by Microsoft

2009 Cloud Computing corporate and personal computing phenomenon

2007 2010 ipad 2011 2009 2010 ipod web 3.0 web 2.0500 million Facebook tablet touch launched the semantic web users in the cloud. screen That’s 1in 13 people technology on earth are a FB user

Spot The Mac 128k and the 2 PC desktops?

1977 Commodore 64 was the first mass marketed computer 1968 Mother of all demos Englebart paves the way for the possibilities of personal computing

1968 Mother of all demos Englebart paves the 1937 way for the Turing Machine, possibilities was an experiment of personal that represented a, “intelligentcomputing machine”

1950 - 1970 Mainframe computers manufactured b y "IBM 4 and the Seven Dwarfs" formed from Tabulating group of companies that represented a, hine Co. “intelligent machine”

1950 - 1970 Mainframe computers manufactured b y "IBM and the Seven Dwarfs" 1973 group of companies Xerox PARK that represented a, desktop analogy “intelligent machine” and GUI comes to life

1975 Shere 1 was said to be the first personal computer, said Byte Magazine

1973 Xerox PARK desktop analogy and GUI comes to life

1977 Apple II it’s first personal computer licenceses “Basic” from Microsoft

1977 Commodore 64 was the first mass 1984 marketed The Macintosh 128K computer machine comes 1977 with GUI, mouse 1975 Apple II it’s first and keyboard Shere 1 was said to personal computer be the first personal licenceses “Basic” computer, said Byte from Microsoft Magazine

1981 Xerox PARK’s computer the ‘Star’ greatly influenced Apple, Microsoft And Sun.

1984 The Macintosh 128K 1991 machine comes Utility “grid”computing with GUI, mouse for corporations, essentially and keyboard Cloud computing

1993 Thin Client 1981 coined by 1990 Xerox PARK’s computer by Tim Negris Advent of world the ‘Star’ greatly influenced wide web Tim BernersApple, -Lee Microsoft And Sun.

1991 Utility “grid”computing for corporations, essentially Cloud computing

1990 Advent of world wide web Tim Berners -Lee

1993 Thin Client coined by by Tim Negris

2011 Google launches first Cloud Operating 2012-13 system Microsoft Operating system will include Cloud functionality


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