Con_ u a_ Patrick Hatheway Design Thinking
tin
__tion Washington University in St. Louis Sam Fox School of Visual Arts
_contents Premise
Place [Site]
Program
Introduction
Lemp Brewery
Lemp Brewery Continuation
St. Louis & Blight
Context - Cherokee Street
Spatial Requirements
St. Louis Vacancy
Jefferson Divide
Programmatic Artifacts
Pandemic Influence
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4
Possibilities
12
Precedents Occupation Activation
34
5
6
Premise_ Introduction Walking through a desert of asphalt; abandon buildings and bridges in the distance like layered mountains. Scarred urban fabric gives way to scarred waterfront gives way to “newness.” Every time St. Louis expands floor area, through new buildings, the problem of abandonment in the region exponentially increases. Already with many vacant buildings, St. Louis and its stagnant population continues to brush off its past with every new square foot built. Not only does this create a problem of unoccupied floor area, but it also continues to sever St. Louis’ past from the future. In Tom Mayes’ essays “Why Old Places Matter,” he argues that historic places and buildings “are deeply beneficial to people because of the way they give us a sense of continuity, identity, and belonging, because they inspire us with awe, beauty, and sacredness, because they tell us about history, ancestry, and learning, and because they foster healthy sustainable communities.” Present-day, still in the midst of a global pandemic, we are at a pivotal point in the design of shared spaces such as restaurants, offices, and music venues. JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon annouced in June of 2021 that his company would see a 40% decrease in occupied office space. Reading this, one could envision that cities, and their built environment, are going to rethink this, all the sudden, excess building square-footage. In this book, I intend to present a site and existing building of historical significance the lay unoccupied in its current state. Historic significance will be important in the selection of the building/s, but location in the city will arguably be more important because of the contemporary fractured state of the city. The needs of the local block, the neighborhood, the city, and the region will be presented to determine the proposed program of the building/s.
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St. Louis & “Blight”
St. Louis waterfront, post demolition for Gateway Arch
“The prescription for central city decline, in St. Louis and elsewhere, was urban renewal. Urban renewal has always rested on a complex tangle of laws and programs and procedures. Typically, a project might rely on an infusion of federal money to clear and assemble land, a state law enabling local authorities to delineate and blight a redevelopment area, and the creation of a private redevelopment corporation that effectively borrowed the power of eminent domain. But the initiative usually ran in the opposite direction: a private developer identified a prospective property, the local government responded by blighting the area, and state and federal money followed. In turn, state and local efforts yielded a welter of discrete yet overlapping programs, any number of which might come into play for even a single redevelopment proposal.” - Colin Gordon, Mapping Decline 8
PREMISE
Basilica of Saint Louis, pre-demolition
Basilica of Saint Louis, post-demolition
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Mill Creek Valley in “blighted” condition, pre-demolition
“The Mill Creek Valley housed 20,000 inhabitants (95% AfricanAmerican) and included over 800 businesses and institutions. Everything the residents needed – from grocery, clothing and hardware stores to restaurants, schools and churches – was within walking distance of their homes.”
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Mill Creek Valley, post-demolition
PREMISE Newly completed Highway 64
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“Over the course of the postwar era, redevelopment interests in St. Louis could avail themselves of the urban redevelopment law (1945), the land clearance law (1951), an Industrial Development Authority with the power to issue tax-exempt revenue bonds (1967), the City’s Land Reutilization Act (1969), a Planned Industrial Expansion Authority (1969), the State’s tax increment financing program (1980), state (1983) and federal (1994) enterprise zones, and a wide array of local, state, and federal programs targeting specific business interests.” Colin Gordon, Mapping Decline
Minoru Yamasaki exhibiting model of Pruitt-Igoe to city officals
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PREMISE Aerial of Pruitt-Igoe
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Present Day Vacancy
Abandoned and demolished buildings of Grunden-Martin complex
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PREMISE
The years of desctruction and depopulation in the city, has resulted in a large number of lots and buildings being abandoned. Most of the areas within the city that have the highest level of abandonment are in mostly non-white majority neighborhoods - largely by design. While many rightly see these buildings as scars of a depressing past, one can also look to them as an interesting future: “If there’s one thing that most cities have, it’s old buildings. While these properties may not be created for our times, their functionality is certainly not limited to antiquated programming...But what exactly does adaptive reuse enatil? As the term reveals, it centers on a main tenet of sustainability: reuse. Although the practice of repurposing buildings is by no means a modern innovation, burgeoning technologies and manufacturing methods are making it possible to future-fit existing sites at a much greater scale. And the benefits of adaptive reuse concern culture just as much as the environment. Preservation of local hertiage, community identity, increasing housing and commerce opportunitiesm the retention of a building’s embodied energy and the consevation of resources count among the long list of pro-points, according to a 2019 report published by European think-tank ROCK (Regeneration and Optimisation of Cultural Hertiage in Creative and Knowledge Cities.)”
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St. Louis Vacant Property Map
Northern cluster
Southern cluster
Vacant Buildings in St. Louis (STL Vacancy)
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10,307 vacant buildings in St. Louis City Nearly 1 in 5 properties are vacant in STL (Post Dispatch) Marine Villa Neighborhood: 11% of buildings are vacant
PREMISE
Vacancy costed $16,762,913 the city in the past 3 years
Vacant AT&T Tower in Downtown
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Cherokee Street
Benton Park - Marine Villa Vacancy (STL Vacancy)
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Lemp Brewery
Opportunity Zone Southern Cluster While much of the North of St. Louis has abandonment issues, I chose to develop my premise in the Southern cluster of abandonment. Unlike the systemic governmentsponsored gutting that continually happens in the neightborhoods of the north, this southern part of the city still largely physically intact, leaving for more opportunies of successful adaptive reuse.
Grassroots grown commerical strip, consisting of mostly small businesses. Historically significant activity zone in the South City, and currently experiencing a revitalization.
Lemp Brewery
PREMISE
Cherokee Street
Historic Brewery whose site is largely abandoned/underutilized. Sited at the eastern end of Cherokee street and directly to the west of Highway 55. Constructed of all brick, the embodied energy in the complex is massive.
South Riverfront Opportunity Zone
“The aim of Opportunity Zones is to improve economic outcomes of these distressed communities by incentivizing investors through the temporary deferral of capital gains taxes. Individuals and corporations with capital gains can reinvest these gains in investment funds that will focus investments within Qualified Opportunity Zones to receive these tax benefits. Investment decisions are made solely at the discretion of the investors. These investments will focus primarily on new income-generating real estate projects (multi-family and commercial properties) and start-up businesses.” - stlouis-mo.gov
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Lemp Brewery_
Postcard of Lemp Brewery in circa 1900
“The complex that housed the William J. Lemp Brewing Co. dominates the eastern edge of the Benton Park neighborhood. It contains towering buildings in a neighborhood of predominantly 1- and 2-story houses. In addition to its fantastic Italian Renaissance architecture, the brewery is famous in St. Louis circles for the tragedies and eccentricities of the family that ran it. This area has a long history with breweries, which were originally attracted by the limestone caves that criss-cross the neighborhood. Because of their cool temperatures, caves were used for beer storage and even as beer gardens, allowing 19th Century St. Louisians to escape the oppressive summer heat. William J. Lemp brought the family brewery to this location in 1864.”- Built St. Louis
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PREMISE Sanborn Fire Map 71, circa 1950
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800,000 square fee 100,000 squar
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PREMISE
et of total floor area re feet utilized
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ISCo primarily used the complex for warehouse storage. They left their mark most visibly on the smokestack, but also made sporadic changes, including construction of at least one 1950s building. International Shoe, later InterCo, began leasing space to other companies in the 1960s, and sold the complex in 1992 after gradually abandoning portions of it. Since then, the space has been inhabited piecemeal by various concerns, from artist studios to small industrial companies. Chatillon-DeMenil House
PREMISE
“The Lemp Brewery thrived through the end of the 19th Century, growing to become the largest brewer in a city full of them. Despite their success, a series of deaths and suicides befell the family after 1900. Ensconced in decadent wealth, the Lemps gradually lost interest in their own enterprise. The brewery faced increasing competition from other breweries, which diminished its fortunes; Prohibition sounded the final death knell. The complex was sold to the International Shoe Company in 1922 for pennies on the dollar.
Despite being underutilized for decades, the Lemp complex has never been abandoned, and it has avoided demolition.” - Built St. Louis
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Vacancy & the Pandemic [spatial influence]
“the only space we can use is private space or public space; there is no intermediate.”
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The last wave of vacancy in St. Louis was spurred by the Covid-19 Pandemic, as opposed to depopulation and deinvestment. The pandemic has taught us is not only that spatial conditions need to be flexible, space itself should not only be valued in economic terms, but also valued in terms of health.
“The last wave of vacancy in St. Louis was spurred by the pandemic, as opposed to depopulation and disvestment.”
PREMISE
The commerical vacancy that the pandemic has spurred (or the general vacancy, as in the case of St. Louis), can potentially be leveraged to show the importance and necessity of diverse physical spaces. The space beyond our desks have never been more important and valued by our daily life. These spaces outside of work world enable us live a balanced healthy life - both physically and mentally.
Because the pandemic has forced us to take part in the world of working from home, it shown us the necessity of other (especially outdoor) spaces, such as parks, open-air markets, and social areas. Through this exploration of types of spaces, Ilias Papageorgiou (former partner at SO-IL) states “the only space we can use is private space or public space; there is no intermediate.” He continues, “Now you see people just walking around outside in random residential areas that they would never walk in, because there’s nothing there. There is an occupation of the public space that’s unrelated to any commercial activity. It’s just purely being out in the city.” (The New Yorker) This occupation of space results in a sort of shared ownership that is related to what Papageorgiou is likely talking about. This relationship between the space and the occupant results in an agreement - a spatial agreement that has been questioned. Chayka, The New Yorker
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vacant lot
10’ private
Section Perspective through Cherokee Street
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public
35’
PREMISE
vacant rowhouse
Cherokee St
Street - most accessible public space Only 35% of public space usable by pedestrians at Cherokee Street Need for new public space, born out of reorganization of daily spatial habits. 29
‘Streets’ in Lemp Brewery Complex Taking the previous analysis into consideration when looking at a network of streetscapes to redevelopment, one must consider the need of outdoor, communal spaces that the new spatial agreeement require as a result of the pandemic. Highlighted are the areas of interest, that call for this reconsideration.
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PREMISE
Place [Site+Context] Lemp Brewery, Jason Gray
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“If it’s broke, fix it.” - Jins Hitoshi Tanaka
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FOREST PARK
HIGH
WAY 64
HIGHWAY 44
TOWER GR OVE PARK
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St. Louis South City Map
Lemp Brewery
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LEMP AV E
SALENA
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Lemp Brewery Site Plan
CHEROK
LEMP AV
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SITE
Northeast Isometric View of Lemp Brewery
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Environmental Considerations RADIATION ANALYSIS
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Le e Av
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Radiation Analysis_Northeast View
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Such as historical signifcance is important to a site, environmental considersations should play a large part in the site analysis and design process. Located on a bluff off the Mississippi, and surrounded by lower buildings to the North and West, the Lemp Brewery complex is directly exposed to both solar radiation and wind. Below are diagrams illustrating these conditions.
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SITE
ee S k o r he
C
p
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Le e Av N Radiation Analysis_Southwest View
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WIND ANALYSIS
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SITE
d erWin Wint
me
m Su ind rW
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Catalogue of Lemp 18
16
20
4
21 17
19
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23
12
11
5a 7
44
6
8
10a 26
3
5
21a
10
9 10b
3a
2
1
5 “Second Bottling Plant” Built 1900 55,000 sf
2 “Third Bottling Plant” Built 1907 34,000 sf
5a “Filter House” Built 1878 11,000 sf
3 “First Bottling Plant” Built 1878 23,000 sf
6 “Stock House No.1” Built 1878 75,000 sf
3a “First Bottling Plant - addition” Built 1888 13,600 sf
4 “Stock House No.3” Built 1911 53,000 sf
SITE SITE
1 “Second Bottling Plant” Built 1900 87,000 sf
7 “Stock House No.2” Built 1985 37,800 sf
8 “Engine House” Built 1886 15,000 sf
45 45
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16
20
4
21 17
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23
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11
5a 7
46
6
8
10a 26
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5
21a
10
9 10b
3a
2
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12 “Second Wash House” Built 1904 47,600 sf
10 “Machine Shop” Built 1895 6,400 sf
16 “Chemical Storage Warehouse” Built 1896 46,000 sf
10a “Ice Storage Room” Built 1894 11,000 sf
17 “Grain Silos & Elevator” Built 1910 - sf
10b “Machine Shop” Built 1902 3,600 sf
18 “Mule Shelter” Built 1909 2,000 sf
11 “First Wash House” Built 1902 26,000 sf
19 “Round House” Built 1886 1,500 sf
SITE SITE
9 “Second Boiler House” Built 1909 40,000 sf
47 47
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16
20
4
21 17
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23
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11
5a 7
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10a 26
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21a
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3a
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23 “First Boiler House” Built 1880 6,000 sf
21 “Malt House” Built 1865 82,000 sf
26 “Cement Building” Built 1950 15,000 sf
21a “Steep House” Built 1880 7,300 sf
SITE SITE
20 “Kiln House” Built 1865 30,000 sf
22 “Fermenting House” Built 1880 43,000 sf
22a “Repair Shop & Restrooms” Built 1880 2,800 sf
49 49
Taqueria El Bronco La Manganita
Cherokee St.
El Lenador K&B Supermarket Jerk Soul Bluefield Process Safety Bossed Up Boutique Tower Tacos
The Bricoleur (Vintage) Kellogg (Art Dealer) Tenth Life Cat Rescue
US Bank
STL Style house
Rent A Center
Boost Mobile
Golden Gems
FW Clemens Materials
New China Restaurant
Flowers and Weeds
GRAVOIS AVE
S. GRAND BLVD
50
Schnucks Grocery
Mexico Vive Aqui
Kuts by Kurtis
La Vallesana
Salon A Demi
Carniceria
Blank Space
Latino
Diana’s Bakery
Americana Gallo
Firecracker Press Love Goddess Healing Oasis Ying Ying Ying Shop
Piano People
Cherokee Buddhist Temple
Suave Creations
Exotic Bar and Grill
Catrachos Cuts
San Loo
Franciscan Connection
Creative Litho
Carrillo Western Wear
Red Oats Buscuits
Chido Stylez
Untitles Fine Art Don’s Muffler Clinic
T-Shirt Boutique Mexican Restaurant Chaparritos El Torito Restaurant Lillys Panaderia Mexican Bread St. Louis Jewelers OFallon Garden
Economic Shop
Novedades Latinos Beauty
Sueno Latino Restaurant
The Taco and Ice Cream Joint
Dulceria Medina
Alchemy Tattoo
Bridge Bread
Yauis Pizza
The Fortune Teller Bar
Jackson Hewitt
The Juice
Earthbound Beer
Metro PCS
Vintage Luxe Photography
Consisting Art Monster Tattoo
Affordable Furniture Toco Resale Cherokee Performing Art Center J-Audio The B-Side The Luminary Tea Rex STL
Curls By Cass of 2-3 storey row houses, most commerical spaces in the Cherokee The Rockin neighborhoodHong are approximately 1000 squareRedhead feet. This size is a breeding ground Kong Art Farm for small, localExpress businesses - the foundation of Brent’s a sustainable neighborhood. Antiques The Bomb Door
Zubi Wireless
Mesa Home The
Rent One
Malow Activating Fashion
Murphy’s Mutts
Tracy’s Teasures
Angel Bovutique
Teatopia
phd
Whiskey Ring
ButtonMakers
Bespoke
Brandin Vaughn Collection Saint Louis Hop Shop
JEFFERSON AVE
Apotheosis Comics
Artist Art
Whisk
The Cheshire
Wes Antiques
Records
The Mud House
English Garden Antiques
Cuts GrinofCat Cafe thisand complex through the occupation a percentage of the existing Elder’s Antiques Morning Glory buildings, adding the fabric Ruby new Francisspaces, and redesigningGeorge’s Hair that connects them all, Diner Saxquest could result inWax continuation of placemaking of Cherokee Street. Rats Dead Wax
Monaco Art
Mr. Nice Guy
Riverside
Lemp Brewery complex provides the neighborhood Architectural the opportunity to Clippers and Antiques diversify these 1000 square foot spaces with a series of buildings with large open Cherokee Street Shears Gallery Martin’s Hammond’s floor plans knitted streetscapes and open spaces. Elaine’stogether by Galleries Antiques
Kalbi Taco Shack
Midwest Pasta DeMay Furs
Cardinal Auctions
Darling Brand Makery
Swedlife
STL Rocks
Irish Corner Pub Bluewood Brewing Lemp’s Grand Hall
SITE
Liberty Tax
Banquet Theater
HIGHWAY 55
Star Grocery
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Driving the revitalization of Cherokee in the past 20 years, the portion of the neighborhood west of Jefferson Ave. can be descibed with: Progression Creative arts Cultural center Ethnically diverse
Taqueria El Bronco Franciscan Connection El Lenador K&B Supermarket Jerk Soul Bluefield Process Safety
PMENT
ON CHE
ROKEE
Schnucks Grocery
S. GRAND BLVD
FW Clemens Materials
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Tower Tacos Piano People
Kellogg (Art Dealer)
Suave Creations
San Loo
Catrachos Cuts
Tenth Life Cat Rescue
US Bank Rent A Center
The Bricoleur (Vintage)
Boost Mobile New China Restaurant
Creative Litho
STL Style house Golden Gems
Red Oats Buscuits Untitles Fine Art
Flowers and Weeds
Don’s Muffler Clinic
GRAVOIS AVE
DEVELO
Bossed Up Boutique
Kuts by Kurtis Salon A Demi Blank Space Diana’s Bakery Firecracker Press Love Goddess Healing Oasis
La Manganita Mexico Vive Aqui La Vallesana Carniceria Latino Americana Gallo T-Shirt Boutique
Ying Ying Ying Shop
Mexican Restaurant Chaparritos
Cherokee Buddhist Temple
El Torito Restaurant
Exotic Bar and Grill
Lillys Panaderia Mexican Bread
Carrillo Western Wear
St. Louis Jewelers
Chido Stylez
OFallon Garden
Economic Shop
Novedades Latinos Beauty
Sueno Latino Restaurant Dulceria Medina
The Taco and Ice Cream Joint Alchemy Tattoo
WEST JEFFERSON
EAST JEFFERSON
Consisting of more conservative occupants, the portion of Cherokee St. east of Jefferson Ave. one can describe the community with:
Yauis Pizza Jackson Hewitt
Banquet Theater Bridge Bread The Fortune Teller Bar
Earthbound Beer The Juice Metro PCS Vintage Luxe Photography Art Monster Tattoo Affordable Furniture Art Farm Toco Resale The Bomb Door Cherokee Performing Art Mesa Home Center Cherokee Street Gallery J-Audio Rent One The B-Side The Luminary
Malow Fashion
Tea Rex STL
Morning Glory Diner
Monaco Art
Hong Kong Express Zubi Wireless
SITE
Liberty Tax
Clippers and Shears Elaine’s Murphy’s Mutts and Cuts
Martin’s Galleries
Curls By Cass
Whisk
The Rockin Redhead
Ruby Francis
Elder’s Antiques
Wax Rats
Saxquest
Brent’s Antiques
Angel Bovutique
Apotheosis Comics
Whiskey Ring
Teatopia
Tracy’s Teasures
Wes Antiques
Bespoke
ButtonMakers
phd
The Mud House
Mr. Nice Guy
Brandin Vaughn Collection
Kalbi Taco Shack
Midwest Pasta
Hammond’s Antiques
Saint Louis Hop Shop
Cardinal Auctions
DeMay Furs
The Cheshire Grin Cat Cafe
Swedlife
JEFFERSON AVE
Artist Art
Darling Brand Makery STL Rocks
Riverside Architectural Antiques
George’s Hair Dead Wax Records
English Garden Antiques Irish Corner Pub Bluewood Brewing Lemp’s Grand Hall
HIGHWAY 55
Star Grocery
Longing for past Antique Shops Considering Lemp as relic Established
Lemp Brewery Copmlex
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west cherokee
JE
F
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R SO N
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MAKING THE PRESENT
& east cherokee
ADMIRING THE PAST
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Program_
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“To understand what the building could be, one must understand what the program was.” These are the words that Robinson wrote after recording the existing conditions of the Lemp Brewery Complex in 1980. What one must also understand is the needs of the surrounding neighborhoods. So often are the times when a developer or government, or both, try to integrate a alien institution into a existing neighborhood. In the past 20 years Cherokee Street has enjoyed a ground-up revitalization with the work of community members and investment from locals. Because of this grassroots method engrained in the community, I have chosen to reach of the the Cherokee CID (Community Improvement District) and Cherokee Lemp Historic District in search what spaces are of need. In addition to locals gaps in the built environment, I have taken in consideration larger regional gaps.
Site Map, Robinson, 1980
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A Space for_ LOCAL OCCUPANTS TEMPORARY, ENGAGED OCCUPANTS VISITING OCCUPANTS
COTEMPORAL ARTISTIC PRACTICES
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artists
local occupants
crea
tion
s
installations/ events temporary, engaged occupants
mem
orie
s
museum
PROGRAM
visting occupants
Interacting with local Cherokee Street users, I learned that Lemp Brewery already provides a space for several artists to engage in creative acts without having to worry about noise and visual compliants (these were stories from west side of Cherokee Street - the side more engaged with the present and future). The other side of Cherokee Street, one that is connected more to the past, looks at the structure of Lemp as a relic of the past greatest of St. Louis. Building on this existing condition, I see a spectrum creativity. Starting with the artist and ending with the musuem. Often, for economic reasons these two interconnected bodies are seperated, but perhaps this is an opportunity to bridge them closer.
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SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS Artist Studios - 25,000 sf individual studios maker spaces galleries restrooms Temporary Exhibition Shed - 21,500 sf large scale indoor room equipment storage auditorum - event space restrooms South Side Museum - 50,000 sf galleries storage restrooms gift shops Transportation parking - 11,500sf car park bike park/racks public transport stop Urban Exterior Spaces installation area food/convience
108,000 square feet required
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Maker Spaces 7,500 sf
Large Scale Room 10,000 sf
Auditorum 8,500 sf
Museum Galleries 40,000 sf
Car Parking 10,000 sf
Galleries 5,000 sf
Equipment Storage 3,000 sf
Storage 7,500 sf
Retail 2,500 sf
PROGRAM
Individual Studios 12,500 sf
Bike/Scooter Parking 1,500 sf
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ORGANIZATION - REUSE & NEW BUILDINGS
Existing Brewery
Retail 2,500 sf Car Parking 10,000 sf
Museum Galleries 40,000 sf
Storage 7,500 sf
Individual Studios 12,500 sf
Bike/Scooter Parking 1,500 sf
New Building
Equipment Storage 3,000 sf
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Large Scale Room 10,000 sf
Auditorum 8,500 sf
Maker Spaces 7,500 sf Galleries 5,000 sf
ORGANIZATION - STREET ACCESS
Retail 2,500 sf
Street
Museum Galleries 40,000 sf
Bike/Scooter Parking 1,500 sf Large Scale Room 10,000 sf
Auditorum 8,500 sf
Car Parking 10,000 sf
PROGRAM
Storage 7,500 sf
Equipment Storage 3,000 sf Individual Studios 12,500 sf
Maker Spaces 7,500 sf
Galleries 5,000 sf
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ORGANIZATION - PUBLIC & PRIVATE
Storage 7,500 sf
Equipment Storage
Private
3,000 sf Individual Studios 12,500 sf
Maker Spaces 7,500 sf
Public
Museum Galleries 40,000 sf
Large Scale Room 10,000 sf Retail 2,500 sf
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Auditorum 8,500 sf
Galleries 5,000 sf
ORGANIZATION - SPATIAL ADJACENCIES
Storage 7,500 sf
Galleries 5,000 sf
Car Parking 10,000 sf
Bike/Scooter Parking 1,500 sf Large Scale Room 10,000 sf
PROGRAM
Museum Galleries 40,000 sf
Maker Spaces 7,500 sf Individual Studios 12,500 sf
Retail 2,500 sf
Auditorum 8,500 sf
Equipment Storage 3,000 sf
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Programmatic Artifacts [objects within]
14
Important to the program are the objects that activate it. This is an visual inventory of items in relative scale will help the spaces in this site be defined. In this building’s programs of artist studios, museum, and temporary exhibiton space, there will be a need for machinery of range a sizes; starting from a desktop 3d printer, to a crane to object large objects. Here, is a collection of various objects that will work their way into the possibilities of this proposal. 1. Art Piece 2. Band Saw 3. Chop Saw 4. Clamp Rack 5. CNC 6. Crane 7. Drill Press 8. Dust Collector 9. Joiner 10. Lasercutter 11. Oven 12. Planer 13. Router 14. Saw Horse
15. Spidal Sander 16. Storage 17. Table Saw 18. Vacuum Press 19. 3D Printer 20. Condensers 21. Servers 22. Boiler 23. Chiller 24. Digital Arts 25. Pedestal 26. Table and Chairs 27. Bench 28. Bike Rack
catalogue continues on next page...
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Possibilites_ Defined by its iconic brick buildings in the South City of St. Louis, arguably the most important task is to maintain the historical significance of the underulitized complex of the former Lemp Brewery. But to revitalize it, it is necessary to activate the complex with new interventions ranging in scale from exterior benches, to a 500-person auditorum. In this section, I will focus on the potential possibilities of reusing the Lemp Brewery as a center for cotemporal artistic practices.
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Precedents
PS1 prior to adaptive reuse
A Place for Art “MoMA PS1, one of the oldest and largest nonprofit contemporary art institutions in the United States, was founded in 1971 by Alanna Heiss as the Institute for Art and Urban Resources Inc., an organization devoted to organizing exhibitions in underutilized and abandoned spaces across New York City. In 1976, it opened the first major exhibition in its permanent location in Long Island City, Queens, with the seminal Rooms exhibition. An invitation for artists to transform the building’s unique spaces, Rooms established the MoMA PS1 tradition of transforming the building’s spaces into site-specific art that continues today with long-term installations by James Turrell, William Kentridge, Pipilotti Rist, Lawrence Weiner, and others.” - moma.org
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POSSIBILITIES HWKN’s carbon neutralizing installation in 2012
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Internal Interventions
Querini Stampalia, Carlo Scarpa’s renovation to entry sequence
With an incredible intution to seamless weave history into all of his work, Carlo Scarpa and his renovation to the Querini Stampalia stands as a great example of internal architectural interventions to historically signifcant buildings. “While other Modernists jettisoned the past, his [Carlo Scarpa] work from the postwar era to the late 1970s venerated and transformed it. His architecture was an antidote to the era’s brazen showiness: subtle and natural instead of flashy and proudly artificial.” (nytimes magazine) More recently, Heatherwicks Studio’s exavation of silos at the Zeitz MOCAA in Cape Town, South Africa represents bold intervention that it made possible by computer-aided design.
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POSSIBILITIES Zeitz MOCAA, Heatherwick Studio’s interior carving of the silos
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Supplementary Interventions Often, there is a requirement for new floor area to be added in a adaptive reuse project, sometimes because the need for more space, but also to add new spatial typologies due to an increasingly technological world. These supplementary interventions can activate a once distressed area. In the case of the FRAC Dunkeque, by Lacaton and Vassal, a fortress that was an industrial building spawns a windowed twin that acts a catalyst to a locale. “To implant the FRAC, as a catalyst for the new area, and also to keep the halle in its entirety becomes the basic idea of our project.To achieve this concept, the project creates a double of the halle, of the same dimension, attached to the existing building, on the side wihich faces the sea, and which contains the program of the FRAC.The new building juxtaposes delicately without competing nor fading. The duplication is the attentavie response to the identity of the halle.” (Lacaton & Vassal, via archdaily)
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POSSIBILITIES FRAC Dunkerque, Lacaton & Vassal, Section diagram
FRAC Dunkerque at night
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Isometric drawing of The Tate Modern, Herzog and DeMeuron
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POSSIBILITIES
16 years after the intial renovation of the Tate Modern, there was a need for spaces determined by contemporary programmatic elements. As Herzog and DeMeuron describe: “2016 marks the next phase in Tate Modern’s evolution, with the opening of a new 10-storey building to the south of the Turbine Hall on the site of the power station’s former Switch House. The new Switch House building is rooted in the cylindrical underground Tanks, each measuring over 30 metres across and providing the world’s first museum spaces dedicated to live art, installation and film. They form the physical foundations of the Switch House and the conceptual starting point for it, offering new kinds of spaces for a new kind of museum.” (Herzog and DeMeuron, via archdaily)
The Tate Modern, renovation by Herzog and DeMeuron
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Proposed Reuse of Ex isting Build ings
PRESIDE
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NT ST
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23 Proposed Building Reuse: 12 “Second Wash House” Built 1904 47,600 sf - transporation
19 “Round House” Built 1886 1,500 sf - streetscape
16 “Chemical Storage Warehouse” Built 1896 46,000 sf - museum
20 “Kiln House” Built 1865 30,000 sf - museum (partial use)
17 “Grain Silos & Elevator” Built 1910 - sf - museum
21 “Malt House” Built 1865 82,000 sf - studios (partial use)
18 “Mule Shelter” Built 1909 2,000 sf - streetscape
23 “First Boiler House” Built 1880 6,000 sf - artist galleries
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urba n fabr ic of the Lemp Brewery S
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In only requiring a partial quantity of floor area of the Lemp Brewery Site, I have considered which buildings to activate in this proposal and which to leave dormant. Engaging with Cherokee Street by focusing the reuse of the buildings adjacent to the Lemp Avenue and Cherokee Street intersection, will provide this so called ‘book end’ of the street an area of alternative circulation and discovery. The buildings to be reused in addition define a centralized area, creating a sense of place with activation on all sides.
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Tactical Intervention [Site Activation] Consisting of an urban network of corridors through the site, the Lemp Brewery complex offers different scales of urban exterior space - a vital role in Covid19’s new spatial agreement. By activating these areas, the intention is to provide both outdoor space, but also knit this proposal into the reminder of the underutilized site. Circulatio n
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Areas of intervention
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POSSIBILITIES
Section at Intervention Area 3
Section at Intervention Area 2
Section at Intervention Area 1 87
Intervention Site 1 Considering the prior analysis, I speculate that the most appropriate location for the new building that will house program surrounding the event/installations, will best be suited directly off of Cherokee Street to draw the pedestrain flow into the Lemp Brewery Complex. Intervention sites 2 and 3 are locates that will get major landscape and urban renovations. These sites string together the entrance on Cherokee Street and the back of the complex.
21,500 sf Building
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POSSIBILITIES
Intervention Site 2 & 3
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Speculative Image
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Bibliography_ Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Saint Louis, Independent City, Missouri. Sanborn Map Company, Vol. 4, 1909 - De, 1950. Map. https://www.loc.gov/ item/sanborn04858_033/. “This is the story behind the iconic Lemp grain elevator,” St. Louis Magazine, Chris Naffziger, January 12, 2020 https://www.stlmag.com/history/lemp-grainelevator/ Vacant Property Explorer, https://www.stlvacancytools.com/ accessed 10/11/21 Historic Lemp Brewery, LLC, https://www.lempbrewerycomplex.com/ accessed 10/11/21 “Historic Beer Birthday: William J. Lemp,” Brookston Beer Bulletin, Jay Brooks, https://brookstonbeerbulletin.com/historic-beer-birthday-william-j-lemp/ “The Past and Future City,” Stephanie Meeks, Island Press 2016 “Mill Creek Valley,” UMSL, https://www.umsl.edu/virtualstl/phase2/1950/ mapandguide/millcreeknode.html accessed 10/12/21 “74% of Fortune 500 CEOs expect to reduce office space,” Lance Lambert, Forture, https://fortune.com/2021/06/23/companies-reducing-office-spacefortune-500-ceos/ “St. Ann’s Warehouse,” Martita Vial della Maggiora, Archdaily, https://www. archdaily.com/922616/st-anns-warehouse-marvel-architects “FRAC Dunkerque,” Archdaily, https://www.archdaily.com/475507/frac-of-thenorth-region-lacaton-and-vassal “Zeitz MOCAA,” Divisare, https://divisare.com/projects/366648-thomasheatherwick-iwan-baan-zeitz-mocaa
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Jins Hitoshi Tanaka, “The Store of the Future is a Communal Space,” FRAME, Issue 142, 2021 “How Many Vacant Properties does St. Louis Actually Have,” Janelle O’Dea, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 15, 2018 “Lemp Brewery,” Built St. Louis, https://www.builtstlouis.net/industrial/lempbrewery.html, accessed 10/3/21 “MoMA PS1 History,” MoMa, https://www.moma.org/about/who-we-are/ momaps1-history, accessed 10/26/21 “Architects anticipate new additions to floor plans post pandemic,” Architectural Record, https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15156-architectsanticipate-new-additions-to-floor-plans-post-pandemic, accessed 11/25/21 “Adaption of Lemp Brewery Complex,” A. Robinson, Washington University in St. Louis (Thesis), 1982` “How the Coronavirus will ReShape Architecture,” The New Yorker, https:// www.newyorker.com/culture/dept-of-design/how-the-coronavirus-will-reshapearchitecture, accessed 11/25/21 “Italy’s Lost Modernist Master,” NY Times Magazine, https://www.nytimes. com/2016/03/20/t-magazine/design/carlo-scarpa-italys-modernist-architect. html, accessed 11/30/2021 “Tate Modern Switch House,” Archdaily, https://www.archdaily.com/788076/ tate-modern-switch-house-herzog-and-de-meuron, accessed on 12/1/21 “An Architecture of Optimism fro a Post Pandemic Society,” Gensler, https:// www.gensler.com/blog/an-architecture-of-optimism-for-a-post-pandemic-society, accessed on 12/1/21
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