DJANOLOGY
Nottingham Learning Resource Centre, Jubilee Campus GROUP 4B1.
JI MIN LEE KRISTIAN JAMES PATRICK LYTH JING WEN
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CONTENTS 003. INTRODUCTION 004. THE MAKING OF THE PHYSICAL MODEL 005. PROJECT LOCATION 006. INTERIOR FINISHES 007. EXTERIOR FINISHES 008. MATERIALS 009. INTERIOR LIGHTING 010. STRATEGY APPROACH 012. CONSTRUCTION STRATEGY 013. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 014. ROOF SYSTEM PROTECTION 015. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 016. INTERIOR DAYLIGHT STUDY 017. SYSTEMS MAP 018. PASSIVE AND HEATING COOLING STRATEGIES 019. WINDOW DETAIL 1:50 020. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 021. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY
023. FOUNDATIONS 024. INSULATION TYPES 025. FACADE ENVELOPE 026. F-BEAM INVESTIGATION 027. ROOF ENVELOPE 028. ROOF ENVELOPE 029. SOFFIT INVESTIGATION 030. STRUCTURE 031. LOAD TRANSFER 032. FLOOR BEAMS 033. CROSS SECTION ELEVATION 034. EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC 035. PERSPECTIVE 036. TECHNICAL DRAWINGS 037. PHYSICAL MODEL 038 BIBLIOGRAPHY
022. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY
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DJANOLOGY , Nottingham Learning Resource Hopkins & Partners Structural Engineer - Ove Arup & Partners
INTRODUCTION This building was a result of an organized RIBA competition for the University of Nottingham’s Jubilee Campus. The competition asked for the scheme to be a ‘worldclass sustainable campus utilizing renewable energy resources.’ Hopkin’s design was chosen for its bold and imaginative approach to this. The focal point of this was the design of the Djanogly Learning Research Centre. The ‘cone-like’ structure is situated on an artificial lake and is, in a sense, the core of the site – with relevance to its location and aesthetics in relation to the adjacent buildings. The ‘cone-like’ structure has a direct effect on the buildings environmental performance. With the sun at a higher altitude during the summer, less daylight enters the building. Whereas, during the winter, the sun is at a lower altitude and therefore more daylight is able to enter the building. As the European Union ‘Thermie’ Grant was approved for the project, it could implement the concept of mechanical ventilation. However, there is an element of some natural ventilation (which will be described further later in this document).
Circulation - Ref: Deconstruction Pack
Site Analysis Ref: Deconstruction Pack
The internal circulation is a main feature to the dramatic design, consisting of a continual helical ramp which follows the curve of the periphery of the cone, making three and a half revolutions. Leading off of this ramp are platforms containing segments of bookshelves to one side (which face into the building, away from direct sunlight) and study segments to the other. However the problem of linking these segments to the ramp is unsuccessfully resolved with uneven steps onto the platforms, which have proven to be a health and safety hazard. The spiral ramped circulation has also proved a problem in day to day life with the movement of equipment around the library. The internal spiral influences the external form of the building, which ends in an abrupt stop at the top, causing a jagged finish. There is also a secondary circulation route, a spiral staircase and lifts which run through the centre of the building. The ventilation in the building is natural with automatically controlled windows (discussed further in the environmental design section). The design brief demanded that the computer lab (which was a compulsory element of the building) be easily extendable. Hopkins resolved this by making the internal wall between the computer lab and the library easily moveable one segment at a time.
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THE MAKING OF THE PYSICAL MODEL
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PROJECT LOCATION
Ref: Deconstruction Pack
1 Temperate climate )distinct seasons and temperature variations between summer and winter 2 large urban conurbation would create a heat island effect 3 large urban conurbation would lack the fresher air quality of smaller town
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INTERIOR FINISHES
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Interior 1. Working Area 2. Sloped Walkway 3. Computer Suite 4.Soffit 5. Roof Detail 6. Central Light Well 7. Central Stair 8. Computer Suite 2 9. Central Staircase 2 10. Structural Detail 11. Seating Areas
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Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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EXTERIOR FINISHES
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Exterior 1. Facade 2. Walkway 3. Entire Building 4. Entrance 5. Walkway 2 6. View of Campus 7. Entrance 2 8. Exposed Structure 9. Exposed Structure 10. Facade Fixings 11.Facade 2 12. Surrounding Pathways 13. Entire Building 14. Surrounding Pathways 2 15. Surrounding Man-made Lake
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15 Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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MATERIALS
TYPES | PROPERTIES
The decision to choose wood as the material for the façade was a result from the concept. In addition to this, the materials were required to sustain durability, have a good environmental performance and complement the natural surroundings. The design by Hopkin’s was inspired by Nottingham’s surrounding landscape. The external walls are clad in prefabricated timber panels and windows. Full height sloping glass atria, supported by laminated timber beams, link the blocks. The wood chosen for the cladding was Western Red Cedar Panels, which are sourced from sustainable forests in Canada. This was chosen primarily for the restrictions on cost. However, since the building has been built there have been some defects of the performance of the chosen material. Because it has not been treated correctly when it was initially placed on the façade there has been a loss of colour and signs of weathering. On the other hand, the cedar wood has very good high insulation properties. This is due to the low density and the high proportion of cell activities within the wood. The thermal insulation of the building is made solely from recycled newspaper. Western Red Cedar is one of the lightest commercial softwoods, it has an exceptionally low density. Woods with low densities have the highest thermal insulating values because they contain a high proportion of cell cavities, which, in dry wood are filled with air. With its low density and high proportion of air spaces, Western Red Cedar is an excellent thermal insulator and is in fact superior to brick, concrete and steel. Western Red Cedar also has a very low shrinkage factor and has a high resistance to warping and twisting. It is both workable and stable as a wood. Its natural preservatives have a corrosive effect on some metals in close contact, causing a stain on the wood. To prevent this it is recommended to use aluminium, brass, silicon bronze, hot-dipped galvanized or stainless steel as fasteners.
1 Western Red Cedar -sourced from sustainable Canadian forests -high insulation properties -low shrinkage factor and resistance to warping and twisting. -will change in colour over time 2 Double Glazing -high R-value -resistance to heat transfer -allows for a lot of solar heat gain
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3 Steel I-Beams -resistant to shear forces -good strength -lightweight 4 Newspaper Insulation -environmentally friendly -used for insulation throughout building -allows for I-Beams to become a higher temperature so there is less chance of mold. 5 Reinforced Concrete -effective heat/sound insulator -used in foundation and floors -can be precast to save production costs -fire resistant. 6 Galvanized Steel -steal coated in zinc -a very high resistance to erosion -strong and durable
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The horizontal structure is composed of sixteen steel radial frames, supported vertically with a column on the inside of the frame and an inclined column at the other end. The windows are cedar framed set in galvanised steel sub-frames. The floors consist of carpeted thin concrete slabs.
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INTERIOR LIGHTING TYPES
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1 Indacedent lighting 2 Low energy internal floor light fittings 3 external uplighting surrounding on the building 4 Horizontal slat blinds which can be pulled down to provide internal shading 5 Lighting on approach to the building
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STRATEGY - APPROACH Strategic design approach to design The building is immediately surrounded by an artificial lake and the other university buildings. There is also a busy road situated near the structure which is included as a noise pollution source and was noted in a Noise Impact Assessment carried out by Arup. Light noise disturbances were also found in the form of industrial works which take place opposite the campus. Due to high noise levels of the dining area, the walls and the floors of the catering facilities are fitted with acoustic barriers. The walls of the lecture theatres are also insulated.
Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
The design brief provided by the client mainly focused on the achievement of a structure that could be naturally ventilated whenever possible with low energy demands. This aim heavily influenced the design resulting in the fact that ‘Overall, the Jubilee Campus buildings are over 60% more energy efficient than those on the University Park Campus and are on target for the goal of “zero energy” buildings.’ (Case Study by Katie Ridge, 2006) As a response to this, the architects designed a structure which adopts a wide range of green design concepts. This includes using materials (mainly cedar) which are responsibly sourced and replenished, designing a building which will have a long life ability and considered methods of waste disposal and energy collection use. Many materials are recycled, for example, warm cell insulation (made from recycled paper) is used in some of the walls. Day to day the site encourages the recycling of any waste which is produced on site. A lot of research and time was dedicated to design a building which is energy efficient. As a body, the buildings total energy demands is 85Kwm/m2/yr (unit floor area). PV cells and wind catchers a fitted throughout the campus. All the academic buildings on site are mechanically heated as was as ventilated. This is achieved with the use of low-pressure drop system and in addition to proven to be more energy efficient than natural ventilation.
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1 The landscape is a real asset to the site. It has beneficial effects on the local eco systems and generally helps to keep peoples moods up. The landscape itself was designed to retain waste and excavations materials produced by the former site building. In addition all plants chosen for the scheme were not just picked for their aesthetic qualities but were selected for the ability to survive in this location. This minimises requirements for imported materials such as fertilizers or top soil.
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CONSTRUCTION STRATEGY - Old Raleigh factory brownfield site - ‘where possible existing resources were retained, such as spoil and demolition materials which were used to shape the landscape’1 - ‘the programme and costs were tight so the construction technology is simple, the emphasis being on refinement and rationalization of detail. The main 3 storey buildings have in-situ concrete frames. The external walls are cold in pre-fabricated timber panels and windows’2 - in-situ concrete structures of flat slabs supported by columns would have created the need for on site construction space. - external walls made from pre-fabricated panels would have made more of the on site construction process efficient. - artificial lake, tree planting and landscaped mounds screen the development from neighbouring settlements. 1 cabe.org.uk/case-studies/jubilee-campus-nottingham- university/evaluation 2 hopkins.co.uk/projects/2/90/
Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL CLIMATE | WIND | SITE CONTROL
The prevailing winds that pass over the lake assist cooling of the building in summer. The resource center faces a new public square in front of the central teaching facility, and is sited above the lake which runs along the edge of the woodland, and acts as a buffer form housing. The building is designed to be low energy, with natural ventilation and ample natural light.
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[2] [3] Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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ROOF SYSTEM PROTECTION
1 SYSTEM OF WATER COLLECTION & DISPERSION From the rainwater collection diagram shown, rainwater will fall according to the direction of arrow indicated on the diagram. Rainwater that hit the transparent low-pitched glass roof of the atrium will most probably be channelled down through an internal piping fixed. It wall then be channelled to that lake and the rainwater will be recycled through natural process again. The damp proof membrane which is indicated by the diagram will prevent moisture from entering the internal wall surface of the building. 1
2 PROTECTION FROM WIND Insulation made by a thick core of ‘warmcell’ made by recycled newspaper will be responsible in preventing the wind from entering the interior of the building. This can not only maintain the temperature in the building at room temperature but also provide comfort to building users.
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2 Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
CONTROL OF DAYLIGHT/SUNLIGHT ON BUILDING
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SOLAR SHADING ON SITE
PIicures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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INTERIOR DAYLIGHT STUDY USING PHYSICAL MODEL
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SYSTEMS MAP
Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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PASSIVE AND HEATING COOLING STRATEGIES
Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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WINDOW DETAIL 1:50
1. I-Beam 2 Recycled Newspaper insulation 3 Waterproof Membrane 4 Double Glazed 5 Galvanized Sheet Membrane 6 Cedar Panels 7 Waterproof Membrane 8 Recycled Newspaper insulation 9 Internal Finishing 10 Reinforced Concrete Floor 11 F-Beam
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The thick core insulation plays a big part in regulating temperature inside the building. Cedar Wood is chosen as the main material in the construction of the building because it is soft and lightweight readily available. Cedar Wood also has the ability to protect the building from the effects of moisture. The natural trait of the cedar makes it resistant to wear and decay.
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ENVIRONMENT STRATEGIES USE OF WIND & VENT ILLATION
TEXT TO IMPORT
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Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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ENVIRONMENT STRATEGIES PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING
Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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ENVIRONMENT STRATEGIES
Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
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FOUNDATIONS PRE-CAST BEAM AND PILE CAP
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INSULATION TYPES ROOF | FACADE
1 Recycled Newspaper Insulation: Used in the roof and in the facade to contain heat within the building. 2 Breathable Waterproof Membranes used in the soffits, roof and facade.
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FACADE ENVELOPE LAYERS
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F-BEAM INVESTIGATION
Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
Notice: 1) Each triangle floor panel is on a different level. 2) Each floor panel is resting on the beams, leveled. 3) Visible height difference in beams by each roof panel 4) Uniform sets of beams if view from one direction Conclusion: - Each beam is uniform - Each beam has a cross-section of this shape
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ROOF ENVELOPE DETAIL
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ROOF ENVELOPE DETAIL
Imposed Load ( Load transfer from floor to primary elements, then to foundation ) Environmental Load _ Precipitation load from roof _ Wind load from facade ( Load transfer from secondary element, flooring and ttertiary facade to primary steel elements then to foundation )
Dead Load: _ Weight of the building itself ( Carry down to foundation by primary steel beams ) _ Books ( Book shelves located above beams, load carries to foundation through primary elements)
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SOFFIT INVESTIGATION
Soffit Detail: Example:
Without insulation
Heat lose
With insulation
Heat lose
Due to the design of the building, part of the I-beam is exposed to the environment, this will cause great heat lost of the building, and thus an insulated soffit is needed. The difference of temperature of interior and exterior will cause significant condensation during cold winter and hot summer, therefore the insulation for the soffit needs to be well sealed, and weep holes need to be located for every soffit. From the diagram we can see how the insulated I-beam could be “warmed� up, bringing the temperature of itself to relatively close to the interior. This way, the building can save energy on heating itself and preserve the heat better. -29-
STRUCTURE
PRIMARY | SECONDARY | TERTIARY
Primary Structure: _ Steal Frame _ Reinforced centrol concrete ring beam
Secondary Structure: _ Floor Slabs _ Joists
Tertiary Structure: _ Cladding _ Prefabricated panels _ Glazing
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LOAD TRANSFER HORIZONTAL SPANS
Each floor is counterbalanced by the weight of opposite floor on a different height. The tension is on the floor beam, being pull outward due to the slanted columns. The compression is at the column I-beams being press down by the weight of building. The neutral point is around the central reinforced concrete stairwell. The steel reinforced concrete wall act as a balance to even out the opposite direction of tension.
Possible ring steel reinforcement layout
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FLOOR BEAMS LOCATION
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CROSS SECTION ELEVATION SCALE 1:200
The 60 degrees beam connects to the foundation by means of a metal plates. One welded to the end of the beam and one on the foundation. The latter is firmly attached to the foundation by metal pegs that are further welded or bolted to the beam.
WEST ELEVATION
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EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC DIGITAL MODEL NTS
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PERSPECTIVES DIGITAL MODEL NTS
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TECHNICAL DRAWINGS 1:500
Pictures Ref: Deconstruction Pack
Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Longitudinal Section
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PHYSICAL MODEL
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Electronic Resources: Tuna, G. Msc Thesis, assessing green design approach (2006) (accessible via http://www.belgeler.com/blg/1d27/assessing-green-design-approach-to-develop-a-conceptual-model-for-landscape-planning-in-university-campuses-universite-kampuslerinde-peyzaj-planlamasi-icinkavramsal-bir-modelin-olusturulmasinda-yesil-tasarim-yaklasiminin-degerlendirilmesi) Campus Arcadia, Architectural Review, 1 February 2000 (http://callisto10.ggimg.com/doc/UBER1/CAMPUS%20ARCADIA.pdf) Green Agenda: Hopkins and Partners at Nottingham, Architecture Today EcoTech Supplement, 1 March 2000 http://www.hopkins.co.uk/projects/2/90/ http://www.arup.com/Projects/Jubilee_Campus_University_of_Nottingham.aspx http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118095356/http://www.cabe.org.uk/case-studies/jubilee-campus-nottingham-university/design http://www.dit.ie/media/documents/aboutdit/nottingham.pdf https://3310835809562318093-a-1802744773732722657-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/korapongprofile/internal-blog/buildingperformanceofsirharryandladydjanoglylearningresourcecentre/PORT2_Page_19.jpg?attachauth=ANoY7 cpYLWtyyYby5L5UCwzBL_xjXW6aDYEHNQtJZVET2unr7YvrfOwUJyFSn8g661OfpUi3piPi6lRWzWVkDPzdUHMolx_BaNVsJSkS9VOGySm1nn4dasJjKMVl8BJE0mrR6H2nyzOH9RPfVkwXrt3UZ7fVip3KEpnuXE9nBHFtYori- 3tYCcnRZn0C49lBrRuCv82UfiUeQ4fBZrEAgvLw98fhaScIgA4dmgryu5N0R-7xyne_-G-ypzsGORPEdz556A6bP_ hT0C7J_325dscaULXnQSz-NctOyAIfAHZ9i8yj8HaoBfXSPt0pnYbPBS8GWWciJGElN&attredirects=0 Journals: Architects’ Journal, October 2008, Vol. 228 No.12 P.22 Arca, November 2000, N0.153 P.42 ‘Campus Arcadia’ : Architctural Review, February 2000, Vol.207 No.1236 P.42 Architecture and Urbanism, Apirl 2001, No.4 P.44 Architecture and Design, August 2005, Vol.22 No.8 P.82 Books: Davies, Colin: Hopkins 2, Phiadon Press, 2001 Buchanan, Peter: Ten Shades of Green: Architecture and the Natural World, W.W. Norton & Co, 2006 Pearce, M. University Builders, Wiley-Academy
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