D esign Guide – Creating Bands and Borders with Paving Stones Paving Stones
Landscape designs are further enhanced when paving bands and borders
are incorporated. With a little planning and creativity, geometric patterns, grids and bands can take your pavestone project to the next level in aesthetic appeal. Often the band or border stone will contrast the fieldstone color. Holland Paver and Plaza Paver Rectangle are often used as border stones. In addition to enhancing design, they also increase structural support for cuts made to field stones.
Soldier Course Borders Border Field Single Course Border
Double Course Border
12" Sq. with Holland Paver Banding
TIP: Should you have a very narrow area to pave, you could switch your border to a sailor course formation.
Sailor Course Borders
This is an attractive alternative to a soldier course border and it does present more area for your field stones to establish their pattern.
Plaza Paver Rec. & Sq. with single Plaza Paver banding.
28
D esign Guide – Planning Your Space pavestone.com
...to accommodate your project and lifestyle.
All size recommendations are relative to actual patio furniture, traffic flow and design goals. The general rule of thumb is to think first, then design, so that you incorporate all of the necessary components into the design and materials estimation. The requirements shown in this booklet are considered to be absolute minimums.
Cafe table with 2 or 3 chairs 10 ft. diameter or square = 90 to 100 square feet
Area to comfortably access a BBQ grill 5 ft. x 5 ft. = 25 square feet
Traffic lane 3 ft. to 4 ft. width x length of pavement area
Average patio or breakfast size table 13 ft. diameter or square = 135 to 169 square feet
For example, a 5-ft. table and four (4) chairs may only appear to require a 10-ft. diameter patio. However, place four (4) adults in those chairs, then pull away slightly from the table as though you are relaxing after a satisfying meal. Now imagine the host/hostess serving dessert. Would he/she be able to walk easily around the table or would they find themselves walking around with one foot on the patio and one in the flower bed. Anticipating real patio use and traffic flow will enable you to design an appropriate sized setting.
29
Paving Stone Installation Basics Paving Stones
Your Dream Patio is Seven Steps Away
Before*
After
Adding a patio to your yard is a matter of determining size and location of the patio in relation to the house. Once that is determined the project begins. The featured patio was constructed of Plaza Paver Rectangles and Squares. The Plaza Paver Rectangle was used in a soldier course pattern as a border for this project. To compliment the patio, Estate Edge and Edgestone planters were added.
Equipment List • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Gloves & Safety Glasses Wheelbarrow Lumber (2) 10’ straight 2"x4" yellow pine Sledge hammer or heavy rubber or plastic mallet Shovel & spade (2-3) 8’ lengths of 1" steel electrical conduit pipe Nylon mason’s string (2) long tape measures Broom Carpenter’s chalk line Rake Wooden or metal stakes Carpenter’s level Line level which clips to a string Pick, if ground is hard Grease pencil Aluminum edge restraint Landscape nails
Rental List (optional)
Materials List • Paver Sand: Cubic yard of very coarse paver sand for every 200 sq. ft. of project. (2) .5 cf. bags per 10 sq. ft. • Base Material: • Pedestrian Traffic: 1- 94 lb. bag portland cement for each 30 sq. ft. of project. Roto-till into existing subgrade.
• Gas-powered plate compactor • Guillotine-type stone cutter or masonry saw with diamond tip blade for more precise stone cuts. • Roto-tiller Ask your all purpose rental store for prices and availability.
• Edge Restraint: Aluminum edging with landscape nails. • Concrete Toe: 1- 94 lb. bag of portland cement for every 25 ft. of concrete toe. Add the equivalent of a 3-to-1 ratio, sand to portland.
Edge Restraint 14/5" Stone 1" Paver Sand
3'
Stake Patio Area
4' 5'
4 to 6" Crushed Stone Paver Base (Or Stabilized Soil with Portland Cement – For sandy soils only)
Paving Stone Installation Cross Section
Starting Stake
Base Stringline
DIAGRAM A
Ask the Pro, Design Center, FAQs, Installation Help, Photo Gallery & Product Information Available Online www.pavestone.com
45mm Pavers Not For Use In Vehicular Applications 30
Outer Stake
pavestone.com
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Step 1 – Excavating For our first step, we laid out a rectangle which most closely approximates the patio’s finished shape, by placing a stake about 2 ft. past each corner. (Photo 1) To guide accurate stone laying it’s important to establish parallel sides and 90° corners. You can make an accurate 90° angle using the 34-5 triangle method. (Diagram A) A. Drive a stake at the primary starting corner and wrap a stringline right on that corner stake. B. Measure from the stake 3 ft. along a straight base stringline. Make a mark on the base stringline at the 3 ft. mark with a marking pen. C. Lay another string out in the general direction of 90° from the base stringline. Make a mark 4 ft. away from the starting corner stake. D. At your first 3 ft. mark on the base stringline, measure 5 ft. out diagonally towards your 4 ft. mark on the other stringline. When the mark on the string is exactly 5 ft. from your first mark, you have created a 90° angle from the starting corner stake. It’s time to begin excavating. (Photo 3) E. Dig out the soil to the proper depth. TIP: Use a power sod cutter for the best results. Use a shovel and pick, if necessary, to dig a “rough" depth to within an inch of the final depth. Use the string-lines (and additional
15
cross lines) to determine proper excavation depth. In this case, 21/2 in. (Photo 4)
Type of Project
Excavate
Type of Paver Base
Paver Sand
Paver Thickness
Edge Restraint
Patio or Walk
21/2"
Cement Stabilize
1"
14/5"
Aluminum Edge Restraint
Cold Climate or Pool
61/2" to 81/2"
Finely Crushed Stone 4" to 6"
1"
14/5"
Concrete Toe
F. Continue your excavated area 6 in. out past your stringlines and to the depth determined (in Chart 1) below the finished patio or walkway surface. G. Roll up the sod and store it in a cold damp place to keep it moist. When the job is complete, replace the sod around the edge of the paving stones.
Step 2 – Preparing the Base As you might expect, the secret of a long lasting patio lies in a good base for the paving stones. The thickness of your base depends on the soil; low lying, wet soils need a thicker base than well drained soils. Four (4) to six (6) inches of well-compacted, finely crushed stone should be enough. However, the type of base material available varies from region to region. Local Pavestone Company retailers can recommend a suitable base and help you figure how much you’ll need. Your Pavestone Co. Retailer can also help gather and perhaps, deliver your other supplies – coarse washed Pavestone paver sand, edge restraints and paving stones. One pallet of stone weighs approximately 1.5 tons. Remember, paving stones are heavy. Home delivery should be seriously considered.
CHART 1 In some areas with sandy soils, you can use Portland Cement (1-94 lb. bag per 30 sq. ft.) called cement stabilization. Spread Portland Cement over excavated sandy soils, (Photo 5) then roto-till the Portland Cement into your existing native soils. (Photo 6) Compact it with a vibrating plate compactor as we did on our project. (Photo 7) After compacted, lightly wet the area to form a rigid base. This is called cement stabilization and is used for “foot traffic" areas only. The gas powered plate compactor, approx. $60/day rental, saves a lot of hard labor when compacting the aggregate base. Later, you’ll want to compact the surface of the patio paving stones too. You’ll find it well worth the rental fee. It’s a heavy machine that is quite easy to use, but should be used by adults only. Since your finished patio surface will conform to the base, showing any dip or rise, it’s important to assure that the base is flat and the slope is just right. Edge Restraint – If you are using aluminum or plastic edging, nail to secure your edge restraints using landscape spikes, being careful to accurately follow your stringlines. (Photo 8) If your are using a concrete toe, go ahead and screed your paver sand 5 in. beyond your finished edge and lay your paving stones. The toe will be installed near the end of the project.
45mm Pavers Not For Use In Vehicular Applications 31
Paving Stone Installation Basics - continued Paving Stones
Step 3 – Screeding the Sand
Place two parallel pieces of 1 in. steel conduit pipe about 5 ft. apart onto your base. Place coarse sand between the conduit pipes. (Photo 9) Screed it bank and forth with a straight 8 ft. 2" x 4" board to make it smooth. (Photo 10) Then, carefully fill the gaps made from removing the pipes. Do not walk on the screeded paver sand. Complete 8 x 8 ft. square sections at a time, laying the paving stones before smoothing the next section *Note: When laying paving stones next to an existing concrete surface, the sand should lay about 11/2 in. below the concrete surface. Cut a 11/2 in. notch out of your board to speed up the screeding. Check your sand height by placing paving stone on it against the concrete edge. It should stand about ¼ in. above the fixed concrete edge. Compacted paving stones will drop about ¼ in. in the 1 in. foundation of coarse sand.
Step 4 – Laying Paving Stones Start in your 90° corner and work your way out in a triangular direction. (Diagram B) (Photo 11) Most projects are bordered with Holland Paver to form a clean edge and a picture frame effect. A Tumbled Plaza Paver Rectangle was used in this project. Lay each new paving stone against the previously placed stone and slide it straight down. Do not slide the paving stone across the sand, as it will disrupt your carefully screeded sand bed. Install each paving stone without leaving gaps. Nudge them tighter by tapping with a hammer handle or rubber mallet. *Note: Never stomp a paving stone into place.
DIAGRAM B Should you find the paving stones not aligning, stop and find the problem. Check the starting corner to make sure it’s exactly 90° and adjust the border stones if necessary.
32
Step 5 – Cutting the Paving Stones
At the beginning and near the end of your paving project some areas may require cutting to form a particular line or edge. Draw a line on the surface of the stone with a grease pencil (crayon-like pencil). Splitting the paving stone with a guillotine cutter will work for simple cuts. But for angled cuts and better results, you’ll need to rent a wet saw with a diamond blade, (Photo 12) about $65 to $80/day rental. It’s quick and accurate. Always use protective eyewear when cutting or hammering stones.
Step 6 – Edge Restraint Aluminum or plastic edging is our recommended edge restraint. Aluminum is lightweight, flexible, easy to use, and does not warp. Use long landscape spikes to secure your
Concrete Toe
4-5 in.
DIAGRAM C edge restraint along all exposed sides. When aluminum edge restraint material is not available, you can make a concrete edge called a concrete toe. (Diagram C and Photo 13) Concrete Toe (Optional) When all paving stones are cut and laid in place, use a flat shovel and dig a trench around your finished edge. This is done by digging straight down, 2 to 4 in. below the bottom of the paving stones and out 4 – 5 inches. Dig straight down with a flat shovel, making sure not to disturb the paving stones. Next, follow the directions on a bag of Portland Cement to make a thick cement mixture. Shovel the mixture into the trench and smooth from halfway up the paving stone, in a 45° angle to the ground. Let it set.
Step 7 – Compacting Finally, set the paving stones firmly into the paver sand with the plate compactor. Like mowing the lawn, make only one pass. (Photo 14) Use a mallet and wood block to set hard to reach areas. Sweep sand into the surface NOTE: 45mm Pavers Not For Use in Vehicular Applications
cracks and vibrate them one final pass, sweeping more sand in as necessary. (Photo 15) Two passes with the plate compactor is sufficient. The paver sand, in the joints, will pack down after a few rain showers. Keep extra paver sand on hand to refill the gaps as needed. Congratulations on completing a beautiful and lasting addition to your home. Thanks you for choosing Pavestone products to enhance your home and lifestyle.
pavestone.com
Plaza Paver Rec. & Sq.
Tumbled Paver Plaza Rec. & Sq.
Plaza Paver
45mm Pavers Not For Use In Vehicular Applications NOTE: Not all products and colors available at all retail locations.
33
Paving Stones - Estimating Guide Paving Stones
Oxford Paver
Holland Paver
with Oxford Paver Border
Basketweave Pattern
™
156 Border - Soldier Course Oxford™ in 90° Herringbone Pattern Finished size approx. 10' x 10'
686 Field
112 Contrasting Holland Border 348 Holland Field Finished size approx. 10' x 10'
Plaza Paver Rec. & Sq. or Tumbled Plaza Paver Rec. & Sq. Runner Bond Pattern
Plaza Paver Rec. & Sq. or Tumbled Plaza Paver Rec. & Sq. Muster "K" Pattern
266 Plaza Paver Rectangle (86 for Border, + 180 for field.) 130 Plaza Paver Square Finished size approx. 10' x 10'
266 Plaza Paver Rectangle (86 for Border, + 180 for field.) 130 Plaza Paver Square Finished size approx. 10' x 10'
Additional Materials:
Note: Not all products and colors available at all retail locations
1) 1/2 cu. yd. coarse sand or 20 - .5 cu. ft. bags of Pavestone Paver Sand 2) 3 - 96 lb. bags of Portland Cement 3) 7 pieces of aluminum or plastic edge restraint in 6' lengths
45mm Pavers Not For Use In Vehicular Applications 34
Q uick Look Project Chart
pavestone.com
– Using Paving Stones
4" W x 8" L x 2 3/8 " H
2.94" W x 5.89" L x 1.8" H
Oxford™ Paver
Holland Paver Field with Contrast Color **Holland Paver Border
5 1/2" W x 8 1/4" L x 2 3/8 " H
6" W x 12" L x 2" H
Cobble Paver
5 1/2" W x 5 1/2" L x 2 3/8 " H
Plaza Pavers Rectangle & Square with Rec. Border
10'
842 stones
**Field 348 stones **Border 112 stones
200 stones
Rectangle w/Rec. Border 226 stones Squares 130 stones
1213 stones
**Field 526 stones **Border 136 stones
288 stones
Rectangle w/Rec. Border 383 stones Squares 187 stones
1263 stones
**Field 548 stones **Border 142 stones
300 stones
Rectangle w/Rec. Border 399 stones Squares 195 stones
12'
2021 stones
**Field 920 stones **Border 184 stones
480 stones
Rectangle w/Rec. Border 639 stones Squares 312 stones
20'
3368 stones
**Field 1608 stones **Border 232 stones
800 stones
Rectangle w/Rec. Border 1064 stones Squares 520 stones
2526 stones
**Field 1152 stones **Border 228 stones
600 stones
Rectangle w/Rec. Border 780 stones Squares 390 stones
337 stones
**Field 60 stones **Edgers 124 stones
80 stones
Rectangle No Rec. Border 82 stones Squares 74 stones
506 stones
**Field 146 stones **Edgers 130 stones
120 stones
Rectangle No Rec. Border 111 stones Squares 100 stones
674 stones
**Field 232 stones **Border 136 stones
10 stones
Rectangle w/Rec. Border 190 stones Squares 90 stones
10'
100 sq. ft. 12' 12'
144 sq. ft. 15' 10'
150 sq. ft. 20'
240 sq. ft. 20'
400 sq. ft. 10' 10' 20' 10'
10'
300 sq. ft. 20'
2'
40 sq. ft. 20' 3'
60 sq. ft. 20' 4'
80 sq. ft.
These will be approximate sizes. Use 20 .5 cu. ft. bags of Pavestone Paver Sand for every 100 sq. ft. Aluminum or plastic edge restraints in 6ft. lengths can be used for each project. **When using same color for whole project add both quantities for total stones.
45mm Pavers Not For Use In Vehicular Applications 35
Paving Stone Project Sample Worksheet Paving Stones
A.
Find Total Square Footage
20'
1. Make a drawing of your project, accurate to 1 inch. 2. Choose your stone shape and color. 3. Find the total square footage of your project using steps B, C & D below.
B1.
200
sq. ft.
10'
When Using Holland Paver Border, Determine Border Sq. Ft. of Project
20'
The Border: (a border made of Holland Paver is recommended for added strength and beauty.) To determine linear feet, measure the perimeter.
60
linear ft. x .67 = (times)
(equals)
40
sq. ft.
Example: Holland Paver “Soldier" Border and Holland Paver “Basketweave" Field
10'
(Holland Paver or Tumbled Holland Paver)
B2.
When Using Plaza Paver Rectangle Border, Determine Border Sq. Ft. of Project The Border: (a border made of Plaza Rectangle Paver is recommended for Plaza projects to add strength and beauty.) To determine linear feet, measure the perimeter.
60
linear ft. x .73 = (times)
(equals)
44
sq. ft.
20'
Example: Plaza Paver Rectangle "Soldier" Border, Plaza Paver Rectangle and Square Field
10'
(Plaza Paver Rec. or Tumbled Plaza Paver applications)
C.
Formula to Determine Field Sq. Ft. Total Sq. Ft.
200
OR
–
(minus)
Total Sq. Ft.
200 D.
Border (Holland Paver)
Stones to Buy for Sample 200 Sq. Ft. Project:
40
Sq. Ft. Field
=
(equals)
Border (Plaza Rec.)
–
(minus)
44
The Holland Paver border can be a different color from the field Holland Paver. This will picture frame your project and add beauty.
160
*Sq. Ft. Field Rec. & Sq. Ratio
Sq. Ft. Field
=
(equals)
Holland Paver (border) Holland Paver (field)
156
x *67.5% REC. = x *32.5% SQ. = (times)
4.6 x 4.6 x
Total Border & Field *Plaza Paver & Tumbled Plaza Paver – Rectangle *Plaza Paver & Tumbled Plaza Paver – Square
* Runner Bond & Muster “K" Pattern Ratios
3.2 x 4.7 x (times)
40 160 200
149 51
(equals)
sq. ft. = sq. ft. =
sq. ft. = sq. ft. = (equals)
105 (field) 51 (field)
184 736 930
477
240
45mm Pavers Not For Use In Vehicular Applications 36
stones stones
stones stones
+ 44 (border)
As Shown in Example B1 & C Above of a 200 sq. ft. Patio
As Shown in Example B2 & C Above of a 200 sq. ft. Patio
Paving Stone Project Worksheet pavestone.com
A.
Length
Find Total Square Footage
1. Make a drawing of your project, accurate to 1 inch. 2. Choose your stone shape and color. 3. Find the total square footage of your project using steps B, C & D below.
B1.
Width
sq. ft.
When Using Holland Paver Border, Determine Border Sq. Ft. of Project
Length
The Border: (a border made of Holland Paver is recommended for added strength and beauty.) To determine linear feet, measure the perimeter.
linear ft. x .67 = (times)
Width
sq. ft.
(equals)
(Holland Paver or Tumbled Holland Paver)
B2.
When Using Plaza Paver Rectangle Border, Determine Border Sq. Ft. of Project
Length
The Border: (a border made of Plaza Rectangle Paver is recommended for Plaza projects to add strength and beauty.) To determine linear feet, measure the perimeter.
sq. ft.
linear ft. x .73 = (times)
Width
(equals)
(Plaza Paver Rec. or Tumbled Plaza Paver applications)
C.
Formula to Determine Field Sq. Ft. Total Sq. Ft.
Border (Holland Paver)
–
OR
Border (Plaza Rec.)
Sq. Ft. Field
=
(minus)
Stones to Buy for Sample 200 Sq. Ft. Project:
*Sq. Ft. Field Rec. & Sq. Ratio
(equals)
–
D.
Sq. Ft. Field
=
(minus)
Total Sq. Ft.
The Holland Paver border can be a different color from the field Holland Paver. This will picture frame your project and add beauty.
(field) +
x *32.5% SQ. =
(field)
(times)
(equals)
Holland Paver (border) Holland Paver (field)
x *67.5% REC. = (equals)
4.6 x 4.6 x
sq. ft. = sq. ft. =
stones stones
3.2 x
sq. ft. =
stones
4.7 x
sq. ft. =
stones
Total Border & Field *Plaza Paver & Tumbled Plaza Paver – Rectangle *Plaza Paver & Tumbled Plaza Paver – Square
* Runner Bond & Muster “K" Pattern Ratios
(times)
(border)
As Shown in Example B1 & C Above of a 200 sq. ft. Patio
As Shown in Example B2 & C Above of a 200 sq. ft. Patio
(equals)
45mm Pavers Not For Use In Vehicular Applications 37
Paving Stone Project Sample Worksheet Paving Stones
A.
20'
Find Total Square Footage
1. Make a drawing of your project accurate to 1 inch.
200
2. Choose your stone shape and color. 3. Find the total square footage of your project using the step B below.
B.
sq. ft.
E L P M A S
Formula to Determine Stones for Project Oxford™ Paver
20'
The Border: (A border made of Oxford™ Paver is recommended for added strength and beauty.) To determine linear feet, measure the perimeter.
Multiply length x width to get total sq. ft. of project:
200 Total sq. ft. x 8.42 = 1684 Total Oxford™ Paver (times) (equals) (Oxford™ Paver Stone “Soldier" Border)
Stones
Example: Oxford™ Paver “Soldier" Border and Oxford™ Paver “Basketweave" Field Border - Soldier
Total sq. ft. x 2 =
20'
400
Total Cobble Paver (times) (equals) Stones Cut half pieces to complete “Herringbone" Pattern
A.
10'
Field
Cobble Paver Multiply length x width to get total sq. ft. of project:
200
10'
Example: Cobble Paver in “Herringbone" Pattern
10'
Paving Stone Project Worksheet Cobble Paver Cut Pieces
Field
Length
Find Total Square Footage
1. Make a drawing of your project accurate to 1 inch. 2. Choose your stone shape and color.
Width
3. Find the total square footage of your project using the step B below.
B1.
Formula to Determine Stones for Project Oxford™ Paver
Length
The Border: (A border made of Oxford™ Paver is recommended for added strength and beauty.) To determine linear feet, measure the perimeter.
Width
Multiply length x width to get total sq. ft. of project: Total sq. ft. x 8.42 =
Oxford™ Paver (times) (equals) (Oxford™ Paver Stone “Soldier" Border)
Total Stones
Length
Cobble Paver Multiply length x width to get total sq. ft. of project: Total sq. ft. x 2 =
Total Cobble Paver (times) (equals) Stones Cut half pieces to complete “Herringbone" Pattern 45mm Pavers Not For Use In Vehicular Applications 38
Width