An integrated approach to insect eradication in urban and vineyard environments Alven Soopaya, Greg Baker, Bill Woods, Max Suckling, Lloyd Stringer and David Williams
biosecurity built on science Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity
ď ą Pressure from public to deal with insect incursions
with tactics which are socially and environmentally acceptable
ď ą Recent Queensland fruit fly incursion Auckland suburb of Avondale in NZ A group that campaigned against the eradication of the painted apple moth says it wants an assurance from the Government that aerial spraying will not be used in the event of a Queensland fruit fly infestation.....Hana Blackmore, says the community was directly in the firing line at the time and people were treated as human collateral.
Source 14 May 2012 Radio New Zealand
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Three tactics tested • Sterile Insect Technique • Mating Disruption • Low toxicity insecticides • Individually • In an integrated approach
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Model species
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Light Brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana) • native pest in orchard and vineyard
•
similar biology to many exotic tortricids
•
subject of a containment/eradication programme in California
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Sterile Insect Technique Irradiation Biology Studies
• Dose response
Coordinated radiation biology studies in Western Australia, New Zealand and USA
• Flight ability • Mating competitiveness • Modelling
Findings • Potential to use pupae and adults for SIT • Inherited F1 sterility demonstrated
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Implementation of a SIT program
Cost of mass rearing, storage and release can be prohibitive • Reliably mass rear millions • Quality
Emergence room Codling Moth/ SIT (Canada)
• Efficient collection
•Mode of pupation
• Scales – allergic reactions • Improve pupae collection
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Mass rearing
Large- scale outbreaks •
Convert existing facilities into multiple insect species rearing
•
Alternatively, import sterile insects from overseas where already subjected to SIT (Quarantine approval?)
Cyclonic extraction
USDA LBAM SIT transportable rearing facility being built
Optic fibre UV Light
Localised outbreaks
Suction fan Fridge
Adult emergence box
• Adult collection equipment was built and tested
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Integrating Mating Disruption with SIT in urban environment (Dalkeith – WA)
Objective • Localised integrate eradication of LBAM
New organic formulation TM of SPLAT LBAM
Tactics • MD using SPLATTM LBAM • Release sterile moths 5 wks after SPLAT application Residential
Letter drop
Parkland
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0 4/04/2012
10/01/2012
2/11/2011
28/08/2011
16/06/2011
5/04/2011
13/01/2011
4/11/2010
26/08/2010
16/06/2010
1/04/2010
22/01/2010
12/11/2009
2/09/2009
25.06.09
15.04.09
60
29.01.09
70
19.11.08
11.09.08
11.07.08
Av catch/day
Pre-trial monitoring
• 3 years monitoring – peak population in late spring 2 component sex pheromone lures – 3 mg loaded on rubber septa
50
40
30
20
10
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WA, NZ and SA collaboration
Street trees • Rate of 500 g ha
Piping of SPLAT into the syringes
-1
Fences
Dollops of SPLAT at least 1.5 m above ground
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Trap shut down One week prior to SPLAT application
Two weeks after SPLAT application SPLAT treated plots SPLAT treated plot Control plot
Control plot
100
y = -0.0016x2 + 0.1456x + 91.791 R2 = 0.7506
90
Control
400 350
70
300
60
250
50
200
`
40
150
30
100
SPLAT
20
20
40
60
≥ 90% trap shut down for nearly 3 months
50
10 0
Av Moths catch/week
% Trap shut down
80
450
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 220
Days after SPLAT application
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Mating disruption
% Female mated
80 70
Control
60
SPLAT
50
Spermatophore
40
♀2
♀1
30 20
♀4
♀5
10 0
0
14
28
42
56
70
196
217
♀3
No mated female up to 6 weeks following SPLAT application
20% mating - 31 weeks after SPLAT application biosecurity built on science
Integrating SIT with MD Sterile male release 5 wks after SPLAT application
Control 1
Control 2 1
2
♀1
♀2 ♀4 ♀3
2
♀4
♀5 3
♀3
♀2
Release point
♀5 72
♀1 17
Dying irradiated moths prior to release
1500 sterile male release in one Control plot over 2 wks Recapture rate (6.5%) – Max distance ~ 40 m from release point in control
800 sterile male release over 1 week in each of the 3 SPLAT plots None caught in SPLAT plots biosecurity built on science
Integrating SIT with MD Sterile male release 29 - 31 wks after SPLAT application SPLAT ♀2
Control ♀1
5
Release point
♀4
Release point
♀5
♀4
4
♀2 ♀5
7
♀3 ♀3
♀1
2
1000 sterile ♂released in 1 SPLAT
1000 sterile ♂released in 1 control
14 recaptured (~ 25 m from release point) 11 recaptured (~ 25 m from release point) No sterile ♂
in female traps
No sterile ♂ in female traps biosecurity built on science
Vineyard environment Site: Langhorne Creek, South Australia
MD + Insecticide
MD + Insecticide
MD + Insecticide
MD only
Mean No of moths/trap/day
Tactics : 1. Mating Disruption 2. Insecticides
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Trial 1: Comparing 3 LBAM formulations Treatments 1. IsomateTM LBAM Plus pheromone (500 twist tie ha-1)
10 weeks post treatment
2. SPLATTM HD LBAM (1.0 g dollops to 740 posts ha-1) 3. SPLATTM HD LBAM + 5% Permethrin (A & K)
Significant trap shut down in all SPLAT treatments
4. Untreated Control 120
Twist tie dispenser Catch per trap
100
a
80 60 40 20 0
Control
b
b
b
Isomate
SPLAT MD
SPLAT A&K
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Trial 2: Effect of SPLAT
TM
LBAM dose on MD
Treatments 1. 100 SPLAT dollops ha-1
10 weeks post treatment
2. 225 SPLAT dollops ha-1 3. 400 SPLAT dollops ha-1 20
4. 625 SPLAT dollops ha-1
18
Dollop on panel pole
Catch per trap
5. Untreated Control
16
Significant dose response
14 12 10
56%
8
72%
6 4
82%
2 0
93% 0
100
225
400
625
Dollops per ha
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Trial 3: Low toxicity insecticide with MD Treatments
10 weeks post treatment a
1. Insecticide IGR Prodigy® (methoxyfenoxide) – larval stage 2. Prodigy® + 625 gm SPLAT ha-1 applied twice at 10 weeks interval
Significant trap shut down in both treatments
3. Untreated Control
b
19 weeks post treatment
b
a
1. No residual suppression of trap catch in
a
the Spray only TM
b
2. Spray + SPLAT still had significantly fewer moth after 19 weeks biosecurity built on science
Urban
Conclusion
1. SPLATTM alone can eradicate if applied uniformly and for enough generations 2. SPLATTM + SIT may not be compatible unless the pheromone effect can be shut down at the time of sterile moth release 3. Programmable pheromone “puffer” may provide such an option
Vineyards 1. SPLATTM MD + low-risk insecticide has good potential as a tactic for pest eradication 2. MD as a stand alone tactic requires, a minimum dose of 625 g ai ha-1 3. SPLATTM is more likely to be adopted if its application is mechanized biosecurity built on science
Thank you  For more information, please email [asoopaya@agric.wa.gov.au]
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