Weighing the risks of major surgery: Questions older adults should ask

Older adults contemplating major surgery may be unsure of whether to proceed with an operation. In many cases, surgery can improve an older person’s quality of life or be a lifesaving procedure. But advanced age coupled with the need for major surgery sometimes increases the risk of unwanted outcomes, such as a recovery with difficulty performing daily activities, re-hospitalization, problems with mobility and the loss of one’s independence.

How does one determine if the potential benefits from major surgery are worth the risks? Kaiser Health News features several health experts with suggested questions that older adults should ask their surgeon if an invasive procedure is proposed. Here are some recommendations. It is important to discuss all options with your health care provider so you can make an informed decision and not delay treatment if recommended.

What’s the goal of this surgery?

Ask your surgeon how the procedure will make things better for you. For example, it could reduce pain, extend your life, improve your quality of life, and/or prevent you from becoming disabled.

You should also ask what impact the condition will have on your daily life if you do not have surgery. Just because an abnormality, such as a hernia or gallstones, has been found doesn’t mean it has to be addressed. If you don’t have bothersome symptoms and the procedure comes with complications, your doctor may advise against surgery unless or until the condition worsens.

What are the alternatives to surgery?

Major surgery normally involves opening the body, allowing the surgeon access to the area where the problem exists, and surgical work needs to be completed. It involves trauma to the tissues, a high risk of infection and an extended recovery period. Make sure that your physician discusses non-surgical alternatives. Older men with prostate cancer, for instance, might want to consider ongoing monitoring of their symptoms, rather than