Pei-Chi Tsai 2017-2024 Spatial Design.Urban Sustainability.City Science
SPATIAL DESIGN
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
COMPUTER SCIENCE
I am Pei-Chi Tsai, a passionate spatial designer with expertise in urban sustainable research, data analysis, and computer science. My design projects have garnered over 40 prestigious global awards since 2018. With a track record of being a compelling presenter in various competitions, I excel in both organization and the art of persuading audiences. During my master’s study, I focus on researching the impact of climate on urban design. This experience inspired my enthusiasm for pursuing the coexistence
Chinese
English
German
Native
C1 Level
A1 Level
3D Modelling Revit Rhino Grasshopper
between city development and living environment.
EDUCATION 2017 - 2021 Bachlor Degree
2021 - 2023 Master Degree
Dept. of Architecture,
Building and Climate Labrotory,
Natl. Taiwan Tech
Department of Architecture National Cheng Kung University
AutoCAD SketchUp Geographic Info Systems QGIS Arc GIS Program & Games Python
Renders Stable Diffusion Lumion
February-June, 2023
Exchange Programme
Research Oppurtunity Program
Environmental Control Design
Dept. of Architecture,
Media Lab - City Science Lab
University of Westminster
TU Braunschweig
MIT x Taipei Tech
EXPERIENCE Interior Project Designer (Full-time)
Architecture Designer (PT by case)
Jie-Kang Interior Design
TTF Architecture Studio
Interior Design & Renovation
Computer Aided Design
(Part-time employed since 2018)
(Part-time employed since 2019)
Past Experience:
Artlantis
Research Assistant (Part-time, 2021-2023)
KeyShot
BCLab, NCKU
Graphics Illustrator Photoshop InDesign PowerDirector Paperworks Word PowerPoint
Tableau
Winter Semester, 2019-2020
Summer School
Current Position:
Unity C#
Excel
June-July, 2019
Urban Heat Island & Ventilation Research
Designer (Part-time, 2021 (6months) ) CLUSTER & Associates Architecture Design
Intern (Full-time, 2019 (2months) ) Chewbiz Interior Design Interior & Graphic Design, Renovation
Freelance Design & Tutor (Since 2017) Design: Interior, 3D Modelling, Renders, Graphics Tutor: High School Chinese, 3D Modelling, Archi Knowledge
CERTIFICATE
2018 Autodesk Certified Professional: Revit Architecture contact: a230129520a@gmail.com
HONOURS OF DESIGN 2023
ASIA Young Designer Award - Designer of the Year Cathay Life Real Estate Business Case Analysis Contest - Gold
2022
BLT Built Design Award - Winner C-IDEA Design Award- New Star Award
2021
Inspireli Award - Finalist UNI.xyz New York Affordable Housing Challenge - Shortlisted Bee Breeders Skyhive Skyscraper Challange - Shortlisted
2020
Red Dot Design Award - Design Concept Winner iF Design Talent Award - Winner International Design Excellence Awards - final round (judging) A' Design Award - Iron Architecture MasterPrize - Best of Best
2019
International Design Awards (IDA) - Gold / Silver Volume Zero Competitions: House of Santa - Silver Biomimicry Global Design Challenge - Award of Merit Golden Pin Concept Design Award - Preliminary Selected New Taipei Architect Association Student Competition - Honorable Mention HOLA Decor House Award - Honorable Mention
2018
Biomimicry Global Design Challenge - Award of Merit CSCEC Straits Cup Tectonic Structure Challenge - Merit / Model Excellence Taiwan Institute of Steel Construction Bridge Challenge - Silver
EXHIBITIONS 2023
Revitalize Cities with Greenery - Future City @ Common Wealth (Online Media) Position as invited writer of editorial article. Media run by Common Wealth Magazine.
AYDA Award Finalists Exhibition - Landmark81, Vietnam
Position as exhibitor as “Designer of the Year”. Exhibition held by Nippon Paint International.
2022
Young Artists Empowerment Project - National Tainan Living Art Center, Taiwan Position as exhibitor. Exhibition held by National Tainan Living Art Center.
C-IDEA Design Award Finalists Exhibition - Kerry Packer Civic Gallery, Australia Position as finalists exhibitor. Exhibition held by C-IDEA.
2021
Taiwan Tech Thesis Design Online Exhibition - Online Website
Position as curator and project manager. Exhibition held by Dept. of Architecture, Taiwan Tech.
Environment Design Competition Finalists - Song Shan Cultural Park, Taiwan
Position as finalists exhibitor. Exhibition held by Environmental Protection Administration R.O.C.(Taiwan)
2020
Design for Taiwan Exhibition - Song Shan Cultural Park, Taiwan Position as exhibitor. Exhibition held by Flytech Foundation.
A+Cultural Heritage Creative Festival - Cultural Heritage Park, Taiwan Position as finalists exhibitor. Exhibition held by Ministry of Culture R.O.C.(Taiwan).
Annual Urban Design Show - TUBraunschweig, Germany
Position as exhibitor. Exhibition held by Dept. of Architecture, TUBraunschweig.
OTHER HONOURS CATEGORY 2022
2021
NAME OF AWARDS
DATA ANALYSIS
Talent for Smart City Governance Competition (Tainan City Government) - Silver
COMPUTER SCIENCE
AIoT(Ai and IoT) Innovation Challenge - Gold
RESEARCH
Architectural Research Conference - Award of Outstanding Research Publication
RESEARCH & PUBLICATIONS Master’s Degree Thesis 1. Tsai, P. C. (2023) Construction and Application of Wind Corridor System based on Sustainable Development of Urban Ventilation Environment(基於都市風環境永續發展之風廊系統構建與應用) Master Thesis. National Cheng Kung University. Conference Papers 1. Hsieh, H. P., Lee, T. C., Lai, S. Y., Tsai, P. C., Hsieh, T. H. (2023) Enhancing Urban Crowd Management through Predictive Modeling System with Diverse Geospatial Datasets. In 34th Australasian Conference on Information Systems 2. Tsai, P. C., Kuo, J. K., Huang, C. H., Chen, J. Y., Hsieh, T. S., Shen, Y. T., Chen, N. N. (2023) The Development of Mixed Reality Application Based on Gesture Recognition: A Study of Spatial Interaction and Perception Enhancement (基於
手勢辨識發展混合實境應用：場域互動與感知提升之研究) In International Design Conference on Intergrated Interdisciplinary Innovation (跨域創新設計整合國際研討會), Yunlin City, Taiwan.
3. Tsai, P. C., Ou, H. Y., Chang, C. T., Lin, T. P. (2022) Constructing Wind Corridor System as a Mitigation Strategy for the Urban Heat Island Effect in Taichung City. In EMS Annual Meeting 2022 4. Tsai, P. C., Ou, H. Y., Chang, C. T., Lin, T. P. (2022) Constructing Wind Corridor System as a Mitigation Strategy for the Urban Heat Island Effect in Taichung City (臺中都市熱島效應緩解策略之風廊系統的指認與建構) In 34th Architectural Research Conference of Architectural Institute of Taiwan (臺灣建築學會第34屆建築研究成果發表會) 5. Wei, Y. Y., Tsai, P. C., Ou, H. Y., Chang, C. T., Lin, T. P. (2022) Verification of Urban Heat Island Mitigation Ventilation Strategies through CFD Simulation - A Case Study of 14th Redevelopment Zone in Taichung City. (透過CFD模擬驗證都市熱 島緩解通風策略-以臺中市十四期為例) In 46th National Conference on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (中華民
國力學學會第四十六屆全國力學會議), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Publications
1. Lin, T. P., Tsai, P. C., Ou, H. Y., Chang, C.T. (2023) Identification and application of wind corridor system as a heat island effect mitigation strategy (熱島效應緩解策略之風廊系統的指認與應用)In The Magazine of the Chinese Lnstitute of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering (中國土木水利工程學會會刊), 50(1), 24-29.
PERSONAL WEBSITE
CONTACT a230129520a@gmail.com +886-953-964-550 Linkedin(url id): pei-chi-tsai Instagram: peggy.tsai_ Facebook(url id): a230129520a WeChat: peichitsai0911 website: https://a230129520a.wixsite.com/my-site
Urban
research
01. 02.
s pat i a l d e s i g n
03. 04. 05. 06. conceptual
......
practical
d i g i ta l i n t e r a c t i v e d e s i g n
07. 08. 09.
01. Urban Wind Corridor: My study at BCLab
03 - 12
02. Crowd Prediction: Machine Learning and Urban Research
13 - 20
03. Looking Forward to Daily Life - Conceptual Landscape Design
21 - 30
04. Reforest Union - Conceptual Skyhive of Complex Culture
31 - 38
05. Track to Beauty - Interior Design (Complete)
39 - 42
06. GreenGallery - Architecture Design (Complete)
43 - 46
07. CityScope: AR Data Visualization App Development
47 - 50
08. Smart Hygiene Management System: Ai & IoT Application
51 - 54
09. Feathers Biology - Biomimicry Interactive Installation
55 - 58
PORT
FOLIO Awarded projects are listed in this page. Due to the limitation of pages, I had chosen a selection of designs and projects that represent myself in this portfolio. The projects that are not covered here are fully displayed in my personal website. To take a closer look at these projects, please scan the QR code to my online gallery. From the next page are those worthiest projects that show my expertise and features of creativity.
Scan to the site >
03 U r b a N r e s e a r c h . . . S P AT I A L D E S I G N . . . D I G I TA L I N T E R A C T I V E D E S I G N . . .
During my master’s study, I was a member of the Buildings and Climate Laboratory (BCLab), NCKU. Since 2021, I have participated in the heat island research program of the Taichung City Government, which is aimed at heat mitigation strategies. To reduce the heat accumulated in the city, my research is to identify the wind corridors, which govern the urban heat flow, by
utilizing
data
from
High-Density
Street-Level Air Temperature Observation Network (HiSAN).
01. 2021-2023
05 URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT The problem of urban heat island (UHI) effects has become more and more serious in many cites around the world. The intensity of UHI is based on the temperature difference between the highest and lowest temperature reigions in a city over the same period. Take London as an example, the temperature difference between the urban and suburban areas has dramatically increased from 2.1°C to 8.6°C since the 1820s, which indicates the rapid deterioration of UHI intensity. As for Taiwan, my hometown, the UHI intensity in many cities is now generally over 2.5°C in summer, which is higher than our end-of-century temperature predictions and imaginations. At 2 pm on 29 August 2021, for example, the highest temperature in Taichung was 34.6°C in Dali District, while the lowest temperature in the plain was 30.8°C in Dajia District, with a UHI intensity of about 3.8°C. On the other hand, the Taiwan ReAnalysis Downscaling data shows that the maximum average temperature in Taichung at 2 pm in July was 33.8°C in Dali, compared to 30.3°C in Taichung Metropolitan Park in the suburbs of Shalu, demonstrating a difference of 3.5°C in UHI intensity.
Temp. (°C)
UHI Intensity
14:00, 27TH, JULY, 2021. AT TAICHUNG CITY Taichung Metropolitan Park
Beitun District Xitun District
Taichung Park
Nantun District South District Wu River
Dali District
Water Greens Temp.(°C)
PERMEABLE AREA
VENTILATION
THERMAL RADIATION
ARTIFICIAL HEAT
PAST Less Developed
At low levels of development, there are sufficient permeable areas, good ventilation, low surface heat storage, and no artificial heat. The UHI effect is not significant so does not need to be addressed.
NOW Highly Developed
In the modern city, smaller permeable areas, denser buildings, more heat retention in man-made materials and more artificial heat emissions have all led to the worsening of the UHI effect.
FUTURE Strategy Implemented
The UHI effect can be mitigated by fixing the causes mentioned above, such as increasing greens and water areas, planning wind corridors, using low heat retention materials, and promoting carbon reduction. In my research, my goal is to identify the wind corridors, which govern the urban heat flow, by analysing big data, such as High-Density Street-Level Air Temperature Observation Network (HiSAN). To implement these strategies, I planned a selection process to choose the key demonstration areas:
Start Study Domain (e.g. Taichung City) Bad Thermal Comfort now?
Suspended Implementation
Yes
No
No Implementation Needed
Potential for Warming or affecting the Surrounding Area?
Suspended Implementation
No
Yes No
Future Development Plan? Yes
No
Developed?
Developed?
Yes
Yes
No
Future Development Plan? Yes
Type I High Temp. Zone
Type II High Temp. Zone
Type III Warming Zone
Type IV Warming Zone
Immediate Implementation
Immediate Implementation
Will Need Implementation
Worth Implementation
No
07 WIND CORRIDORS In this research, the wind corridors had been distinguished into two types: natural and urban wind corridors. A natural wind corridor is a specific wind flow from low to high temperatures, driven by temperature gradient and pressure gradient, and shaped by topography. It is also subject to primary circulation (global wind systems), secondary circulation (air masses, fronts...), and local circulation (sea-land breezes...). When the natural wind corridor enters the city and flows through areas of low wind resistance, the wind paths are called "urban wind corridors" if they are connected continuously. Areas of the city with higher wind resistance (e.g. buildings, artificial embankments, etc.) wou;d block the natural wind and flow into areas with less wind resistance (e.g. green spaces, water areas, squares, driveways, etc.) and would be adjusted according to the natural wind corridor or prevailing winds in the area. A full-scale urban wind corridors are divided into Primary and Secondary Wind Corridors according to their ventilation capacities. If the scale of the study is zoomed into a local area, the corridor is defined as a Local Wind Corridor, also called a Type III Corridor.
NATURAL WIND CORRIDOR Based on wind speed and direction data from the the National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR)
URBAN WIND CORRIDOR Based on natural wind corridors and urban textures (roughness, greens,
Full-Scale
hydrology...) *The height depends on the Urban Canopy Layer (UCL),
Urban Primary Wind Corridor (Type I)
which is generally the average height of urban buildings.
Zoom in
Urban Secondary Wind Corridor (Type II)
local Local Wind Corridor (Type III)
The natural wind corridor in summer throughout Taichung has the following characteristics: 1. Daan River Valley Wind Corridor: A Y-shaped wind corridor from the Daan River and the Dajia River upstreams, meet and merge at middlestreams, blowing between the land to the sea. 2. Coastal / Terrace / Basin Wind Corridors: Wind corridors flows from Sorth to Nouth at night. 3. Wu River Valley Wind Corridor: A wind corridor blowing from sea to the land in the daytime.
NATURAL WIND CORRIDOR IN TAICHUNG CITY
Daan River Valley Wind Corridor
Coastal / Terrace / Basin Wind Corridors
Nighttime Wind Corridor Daytime Wind Corridor
Wu River Valley Wind Corridor
ROUGHNESS LENGTH If we assume that the wind comes from the same direction in a city, the wind from different starting points on the same cross-section would flow through different densities of obstructions. Based on the total path length it goes and the remaining wind speed, a smoother route is more likely to be considered as an urban wind corridor. The roughness length (RL) measures the degree of undulation above ground level within an
1. The site
area, and the ability of slowing down the wind flowing through. We use this parameter to determine urban wind corridors. To compare the differences between areas, we subdivide the urban area into grids of 500 square metre, and calculated the RL of each grid individually. The formula used to determine the roughness length of the wind corridor for this project is:
2. Convert to RL
0.25
×
Σ Each Unit (Area of Buildings × Height of Buildings)
Buildings Coefficients
Unit size (500m² for this project)
3. Wind passes through lower areas
If the wind is likened to runners, roughness is like the hurdles. A lower RL value allows the wind to pass easily.
Study Domain
We have therefore defined the urban wind corridor configuration: 1. The prevailing summer winds in the area are defined based on long-term wind speed and direction information. 2. Map the building area and height parameters in the geographic information system (GIS). The blank spaces are roads or open spaces, such as plaza, parks... 3. Calculate the RL value. The greater the roughness, the darker the visualisation, the less likely the wind would pass through. 4. Finally, assume that the wind prefer to pass through the path of less resistance. By least cost path (LCP) theory, the potential wind corridor paths can be plotted from south to north.
Greens Water Wind Corridor
RL (m)
09 IDENTIFYING THE FULL-SCALE URBAN WIND CORRIDOR This is an example of the identification process of urban wind corridors in Taichung City. 1. Wind in summer at night (mainly from the South) is used as the reference wind direction for the urban wind corridor in this case. 2. The cooling effect of urban wind corridor mainly affects the dense areas. We have therefore defined the study domain as 20 x 20 square kilometres of Taichung City center, a dense built environment. 3. Assume the low RL length (<1 m) facilitated the wind passage, and that the urban wind corridors deflect in advance when encountering large areas of high roughness (>2 m, in this case) built-up areas. 4. The angle of the wind deflection should not exceed 30° (according to a Japanese research of wind corridors).
Original Direction
deflection allowed
deflection not allowed
deflection not allowed
RL (metre)
Dadu Plateau
Orig
inal
Direc
deflection allowed
tion
deflection allowed
Wind Corridor TYPE I
Original Direction
TYPE II
deflection allowed
de
fle
ct
io
n
ta no
llo
we
d
STUDY DOMIAN ( 40 GRIDS )
Range of Operation
STUDY DOMAIN ( 40 GRIDS ) To define the Primary and Secondary Wind Corridor, we calculate the number of high-RL-value grids that each route passes through. If a wind corridor flows alone the rougher route, then it become weaker. According to the ratio of high RL(>1m) grids*, it is classified as follows: Type II Wind Corridor: 35%~50% Type I Wind Corridor:<35% The explicited formula is given by:
*P (%)= N / T
P : Ratio. N : The number of high RL grids the wind passes through. T : The number of grids in the North South direction* of the study domain (40 in this case). *The direction is case dependant.
11 IDENTIFYING THE LOCAL URBAN WIND CORRIDORS
Wind Corridor (Type III)
Flow speed (m/s)
Roughness Length (metre)
Type III Wind Corridors are used to reduce the scale of study to a smaller block for the more specific implementation of the heat mitigation strategy. At this scale, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were allowed to used to simulate the impact and variability of different cooling strategies on the environment, using the microclimate measurements as input parameters, which enable us to confirm the effectiveness of the cooling strategy. Our first step, identifying the local urban wind corridors, is the same as doing the full-scale ones. The reference grid size was based on the studying domain. We found that refining the side lengths of the grid in the domain of interest (e.g. 20 m² , see the upper left figure) and generalising the outer area (100 x 100 m², see the upper left figure) led to very efficient judgement information. In the result of the CFD simulations, we eliminated the areas where the wind speed was too low, then identified the unobstructed paths with a width greater than 10m as wind corridors. The CFD simulations were then manipulated with the aim of verifying the above steps. It can of course be used as an accreditation method for wind corridors, but we have confirmed that it is more costly.
Comparison of 2 Methods for Identifying Wind Corridors (Roughness Length Grids LCP and CFD Simulations)
Properties
RL Grid LCP
Identification Methods CFD Simulations
Reference Height (Cutting Plane)
A range, according to RL value
A fixed values
Input Information
Site plan with height information (shp file), Wind direction
Site models in 3D, Wind direction, Oiginal wind speed
Accuracy
Depending on grid size, relatively general
Depending on the input parameters, allow finer details
Definition of wind corridors by roughness of wind passage
Definition of wind corridors according to wind speed and direction differences
Features
More flexible
More accurate but time consuming
limitation
1. The width of the wind corridor is limited by the grid size. 2. Identification may be influenced by the grid size, the input position and others. 3. Judgement may be affected due to the boundaries.
1. High cost for large scale analysis (high computer performance required to create large scale 3D model). 2. The result is affected by the boundary. The closer to the model boundary, the lower the reference value.
Easier to operate (QGIS, Excel)
Complex tools (Grasshopper, rhino, flowdesigner, photoshop)
Base
Tools
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AFTER THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE URBAN WIND CORRIDOR 1. 60 metres on either side of the route of wind corridor is designated as a "Wind Corridor Regulated Zone". 2. The junction of wind corridors is proposed as an
60 metres on either side
"Enhanced Regulated Zone" if there are two or more wind corridors passing through. 3. The regulated zone will be subject to ventilation adjustment strategies, such as buildings setback, widening gap of buildings and review of site ventilation rate (SVR), which will be investigated and verified by CFD simulations. The range of regulated zone is based on overseas researches on either side can form an 150 metres width wind corridor, which
Wind Corridors Wind Corridors Regulated Zone
lead to a better ventilation effect. The effect of different widths on
Enhanced Regulated Zone
and Taichung's climate features. The road width with 60 metres
ventilation can be further evaluated by CFD simulations.
13 U r b a N r e s e a r c h . . . S P AT I A L D E S I G N . . . D I G I TA L I N T E R A C T I V E D E S I G N . . .
Anping Street
Harborfront Seaside Attractions
02. 2022-2023 Machine Learning & Research based on multiple urban data
croWDPreDicTioN
Chikan Tower Guohua Haian Shopping Area
Downtown Attractions
Confucius Temple
15 OVERCROWDED ISSUE IN CITIES According to the United Nations population estimates and projections, by 2050, up to two-thirds of the global population (approximately 5 billion people) will reside in urban areas. The overwhelming population has led to social and safety issues. Managing crowd congestion in highly dense cities is considered a crucial task in urban governance as it can impact public safety. Some cities have started collaborating with telecommunications companies to monitor the crowd instantaneously . However, reliable prediction methods are still lacking. In the absence of accurate predictions of crowd movements, governments are unable to anticipate the timing and scale of crowd occurrences, leading to ineffective control methods. In order to make valid predictions about the crowds, a monitoring system is developed in the present study. The system is designed to collect several kinds of crowd-related data automatically or input manually. This breakthrough has the ability to significantly expand prediction time and therefore improve the efficiency of urban governance.
•
Cooperative Works Specially thanks to Tainan City Government, Shi-Yu Lai, Tzu-Hsin Hsieh, Tomohide Hashida , Po-Hsun Chang, professior
Hsun-Ping Heieh and professior Tzu-Chang Lee. This was a team collaborative work with them. I was the leader in this project. I was in charged of the research, data collecting, processing, analysing and system design.
STUDY DOMAIN & RESEARCH PROCESS
Anping Street
Harborfront
Guohua Haian Shopping Area
Chikan Tower
Confucius Temple Seaside Attractions
Downtown Attractions
Collecting Data
Processing Data
Data Analysis
Predictive Modelling
This research relys on
Due to the large volume
Through EDA (explor-
Finally, by inputting the
data from various resourc-
of data from various sourc-
atory data analysis), it is
data into machine learning
es, including: public open
es, it is necessary to first
possible to uncover causal
models, it can accurately
data, authority restricted
integrate the data into an
relationships in events,
predict the occurrence of
data, climate observation
analyzable format before
enabling the development
populations, which will aid
data from laboratory.
conducting data analysis.
of effective strategies.
urban governance.
COLLECTING DATA Five types of data were utilized as input factors in this study, including historical crowd data converted by telecommunications data, attractions ticket sales volume, events and holidays schedule, weather observation data (including air temperature and rain amount), and parking space availability. These data were selected due to our hypothesis that they might directly reflect crowd size or be related to people’s inclination to gather. They were considered as features which affecting the crowds or related with cowds.
•
Features which Affecting the Crowds or Related with Crowds •
Weekdays and Weekends
•
Weekly or monthly events (fairs, night markets)
•
National holidays
•
Annual vacations (summe / winter vacations)
•
Public events (election campaign / music festival / special fair ...)
•
Hot issue (Popular exhibitions...)
Climate
•
Peak / Low season
Weather
•
Comfort (temperature, humidity)
•
Rainfall
•
Traffic Flow: number of parking
•
Internet flow: number of keyword searches
Scheduled Timeline Special Event
Atmosphere Condition
Other Features
•
Available Data & Characteristics Quantify the Crowds: Information that can symbolize or represent the number of people. Definition of terms
Affecting the Crowds: Events that affect people's willingness to travel. Affected by the Crowds: Variables that are influenced by crowds.
Data Features
Item
Far EasTone
1 per hour
1 for each attractions
Quantify
Historical Crowd Amounts (Calculated from Telecom Data) Attractions Ticket Sales Vulome
Attraction offices Google popular times
1 per day 1 per hour
1 for each attractions
Events and Holidays Schedule
Government’s schedule
Depending (usually hourly or daily)
Depending
Weather Observation (Temperature)
Central Weather Bureau BCLab
1 per hour
By station
Weather Observation (Rain Amounts)
Central Weather Bureau
1 per hour
By station
Parking Space Availability
City Government
1 per hour
By street
the Crowds
Affecting the Crowds
Affected by the Crowds
Data Source
Time Resolution
Spatial Resolution
17
2
PROCESSING DATA
To analyze the collected data, it is essential to integrate these data into a format suitable for analysis. The varying temporal and spatial resolutions of the data necessitate different processing methods. Ultimately, these data should be made available for comparison with the hourly crowd data calculated from telecommunication data.
Events and Holidays Schedule
Public Events Schedule
One-hot encoding.
•
Events
•
Non-events
Attractions Ticket Sales Volume Government statistics provided us with daily ticket sales volume for each attraction. However, since the sales data was not available on an hourly basis, we needed to devise a method to obtain hourly crowd estimates. In this study, we leveraged the Google Maps API to obtain the hourly popularity level (p) at fixed locations every week. By converting the total number of tickets sold on a given day (T) and matching it with the corresponding weekly popularity level, we were able to derive the hourly ticket data (h). This process is represented by equation: Anping Castle Hourly Popularity Rate (take the most popular time period as 100%)
Weather Observation Data To gather weather data for Taiwan, we utilized the Central Weather Bureau Observation Data Inquire Service (CODiS) publicly available resource. The dataset provided valuable information, including temperature and rainfall data. To pinpoint the representative range of weather stations, we employed the Voronoi diagram algorithm to effectively divide the map, guiding us in determining the observation stations relevant to each attraction's location.
Target Attractions Observation Station Parking Space Availability Vehicle-related historical statistics can offer valuable insights into the transportation patterns of people gathering at specific locations. We extracted parking spaces located within a 200-meter radius of each attraction. Hourly records of parking space availability were meticulously recorded. By conducting a comparative analysis between the peak hours of crowd gatherings and the corresponding hourly parking space availability, we gained a deeper understanding of the transportation habits exhibited by the crowds.
Parking Data around Each Targets
DATA ANALYSIS The correlation analysis showed a clear trend.
•
Historical Crowd Data
The Chikan Tower ticketing data and the tourists
Chikan Tower
amounts showed a correlation of +0.8, which indicates a high positive correlation between the telecom data and the sold tickets. This verified
Guohua Haian Shopping Area
the reliability of the telecommunication data. On the other hand, the temperature and the Confucius Temple
tourists amounts showed a fairly significant positive correlation; and the cultural activities showed a better correlation with the number of
Anping Old Street
tourists. As for the usage of parking spaces, the Confucius Temple and the Harborfront showed a high correlation with the number of people,
Harbourfront
which means that tourists are more likely to choose on-street parking spaces in these areas.
•
Correlation between data and the crowds in each attractions: Chikan Tower
Shopping Area
Confucius Temple
Anping Street
Harborfront
Cultural activities
Non- data
Non- data
Tourist activities
Non- data
Non- data
Non- data
Non- data
Rainfall Level Temperature Parking amounts Non- data
Ticket sales 0
+0.5
0
Non- data +0.5
0
Isochrones of 5,10,15 Minutes from Each Attractions
0
50
100
200
+0.5
0
+0.5
0
+0.5
19 PREDICTIVE MODELLING To forecast the possible growth of the crowd, the datasets mentioned above were utilized to build predictive models. We conducted a comparative analysis of three predictive models: LSTM, GRU, and GRU-Attention (GRU-A), to forecast future surges in tourist crowds across multiple individual attractions. After experimental evaluations, we found that all three models yielded similar Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values, approximately 30%. Consequently, we opted for the GRU model due to its relatively fewer model parameters (6,502,677), making it computationally efficient. The chosen GRU model receives six types of hourly data from the previous 48 hours as input and predicts the tourist flow at various attractions 5 hours ahead, see Figure 5. It is noteworthy that the reduction in MAPE by 63.1% when predicting tourist flow 5 hours ahead, as compared to predicting it over 24 hours, is a significant improvement. By leveraging our visualization system, users can explore the influence of pertinent factors on tourist numbers, based on historical data intervals, specific attractions, and prediction times. This system empowered decision-makers and stakeholders to make informed assessments and enhance crowd monitoring strategies effectively.
GRU
GRU-Attention
8,649,141 parameters
6,502,677 parameters
7,348,230 parameters
MAPE: 0.30
MAPE: 0.27
MAPE: 0.33
Prediction Crowd Data Chikan Tower Crowd-prediction error relationships Average error Standard deviation
Guohua Haian Shopping Area
10%
4000
8%
3000
6%
2000
4%
1000
2%
0
0%
31.Aug.
1.Sep. Prediction (5hrs)
Harbourfront
5000
Confucius Temple
12%
Chikan Tower
Harbourfront
30.Aug.
6000
Shopping Area
Anping Old Street
14%
Anping Old Street
Confucius Temple
7000
Percentage Error
Average People
Average Tourists Amounts
•
LSTM
APPLICATION & DEMO DESIGN The crowd volume prediction model revealed the potential timeframe for data acquisition and its relationship with model training. Some data was able to be acquired before the present moment, including event dates and times, pre-sale ticket quantities for events like concerts, and weather forecast data provided by the Central Weather Bureau (available one day prior). Real-time updated data sources within government agencies, such as real-time tourist flow data, current weather observations were readily accessible. Additionally, agencies compiled relevant statistical data daily or monthly, like total daily ticket sales for tourist attractions or monthly revenue reports. Integrating these diverse datasets into a seamless flow model, along with manual input parameters, ensured efficient and accurate model training. In the future, establishing a comprehensive data flow system by the municipal government is expected to enable real-time monitoring and precise forecasting with continuous optimization. n days ago Public event date Tickets booked amount
•
1 day ago
Weather Forecast
the day/ the moment
statistic at day2
after few days
Current population
Population yesterday
Parking amounts
Weather conditions
Ticket Sales Volume
Ticket Sales Volume
Demo System In order to introduce this research into urban governance, the system was segmented into three core pages: the Map, Statis-
tics, and Event Scheduling. The Map page offered insights into historical, present, and predictive crowd distributions, along with other geographic data. The Statistics page showcased the movement of individuals at specific sites during designated times. Meanwhile, the Event Scheduling page allowed users to view and edit historical and future event schedules. Administrators were able to select the desired data targets, such as historical data intervals, attractions, and prediction time (1-5 hours), among others. Whether the users used the system website for analyzing historical data, predicting future trends, or exploring geographical patterns, our application provided a robust and user-friendly platform for efficient data exploration and visualization.
Landscape & Architecture Design at CKS Memorial Hall
2022 - 2023
U r b a N r e s e a r c h . . . S P AT I A L D E S I G N . . . D I G I TA L I N T E R A C T I V E D E S I G N . . .
lookiNg FoWarD To Daily liFe 21
03.
23
Desire to Live in Peace
•
Site
The life people long for is usually the most ordinary ones. However, not everyone on the earth had the luck to live in peace. Chaos, arguements and wars kept happening all over the world, so as in Taiwan, my hometown. We’re still lucky enough that we don’t have to wake up in a bomb, but the fear of the future had caused debates in Taiwan. I’ve always wondering, what is the point of such an argument? Has our life become better? To eliminate the nagitivity among society, I decided to redesign the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, to awaken people's attention to the quality of life. “Looking Forward to Daily Life” aims to show the "rebirth" of society after the trauma and express our yearning for an ordinary and free life. Through my creation, the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall will be transformed into a colourful and free urban living room that welcomes the masses.
Before
After
I. SITE FEATURES
II. STEEP MITIGATION
The current site was built for shaping the stately
In order to eliminate this symbol, I raised the
symbol, and therefore.had left a sacred atmosphere.
surrounding area of the hall.
III. LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE
IV. GREENING
Replace the sanctity central axis with the shattered
The multi-layered landscape lifted the greens on top,
and rugged landscape.
which makes the wind smoother to spread out.
V. BOULEVARD DESIGN
VI. FUNCTION SETTING
The crooked corridor echoes the rugged history of the
Eventually, the gentle slope formed the open space
ancestors in pursuit of freedom.
below, and the public function is given to the people.
25
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Lifting Greens Ventilation
SECTION Playground
SITE PLAN Library
Meeting Room
Gallery
Heat Dissipation Rainwater Collection
Info Stand
CKS Memorall Hall Cafe Auditorium
Store
N↑
Stores
Pavement
Suvonior
Meeting Room
27
SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS In response to the severe heat island effect in Taipei during the summer, this site serves as an important turning point in addressing this problem. By incorporating urban shading and solar radiation analysis, the central plaza of the park is transformed. A multi-level green belt space is proposed to alleviate high temperatures during the day.
29
This project defeated over 5,000 works from 15 countries and won the highest prize of AYDA Awards 2023.
Presentation Video
31
U r b a N r e s e a r c h . . . S P AT I A L D E S I G N . . . D I G I TA L I N T E R A C T I V E D E S I G N . . .
04.
reForesT uNioN Skyhive of Tropical Complex Culture 2021
33 Cooperative works
Site & Concept
Specially thanks to Chun-De Lee
Reforest Union is located in The First Square in Taichung City, Taiwan.
and Chang-Ting Lin, the local students
Adjacent to Taichung Main Railway Station, it was once the main social
I met during my exchange in Germany.
area of Southeast Asian cultural communities, and multicultural integra-
Also thanks to Chao-Chun Kung, my
tion has become our design main core.
classmate from college. This was a
Since Taiwan are accepting more southeast culture and embracing the
team collaborative work with them.
worker to our community. Here will be the best spot for Taiwanese to step
Every Sunday, the Taiwan-German online
meeting
discusses
foot into their culture and get to blend the life style through the area.
about
Twenty years ago the area was the center of the city. It's fading cause of the
design projects and international
shift in the main business block. This moment it plays the role of a multi-
competitions, which is my weekly
cultural region and a bridge between the railway and the main commercial
routine. In this project, I was in
center. But until now there is no good balance between urban exhibition,
charged of the research, design
transportation, public space and life quality.
concept, freehand sketching, design developement,
diagrams
and layout editing.
drawing,
Air pollution is synonymous with the city. Because of the establishment of Thermal power station and people's traffic habits, air pollution has become the main environmental problem in this city. Through this design to achieve a balance and connection between multiculturalism, the environment and human, and the past and the future.
ELEVATOR
RAMP BALCONY
INDOOR CORRIDOR
More Green Space
After Planning
Current Site
SITE ANALYSIS Sky Garden Living Area Shopping Center Cultural Theme Park Migrant workers in Taiwan
Planning Concept
Vietnam
208095 Indonesia 258084 Philipines 148246 Thailand 61176
Cultural Utilities
14% In Taiching
Traffic flow
Underpass Train Station Main Road Public and Greens
Green
Water
Cultural
30% 7% 13% Materials
Land-use Zoning
Commercial Living Current Site
15% 35%
Office Living Area Commercial & Office
PM 10
Electro Industry
20% Living
Materials Automobil Old Buildings
Cultural Buildings
Commercial
15% Commercial
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr
15% Office
3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Green open space / Person
PM 10
35
Industry
30
35
20
Commercial
15
30
2nd Qtr
5
25
London
Newyork
WHO recommand
Moscow
Paris
4th Qtr
Automobil
Outdoor else
3rd Qtr Taichung
Electricity
Commercial
1st Qtr
10
Green open space / Person Industry
Automobil
25
0
PM 2.5
Electro
20
35
DETAIL
1. "Hard bamboo.” Not only it successfully improve the load capacity, but also maintain the elasticity of bamboo. Bamboo is available quickly and in large quantities in Southeast Asian countries plus shorter growth times. So it's the material we're mainly using .
2. "Translucent Wood" the light transmission of the glass was successfully replaced by a wooden structure. 3. “Power-generating glass”. Not only the automatic temperature control system, but also the generating glass . Each piece of glass is a solar panel to achieve self-sufficiency in electricity.
1ST FLOOR PLAN
Open to Public The ground floor to the 6th floor of the tower are shopping malls, which are provided to people from all over the world. In addition to retail stores, it also provides entertainment, catering and other services. This arrangement is to attract people to visit and bring vitality to the site.
Rain Collection & Insulation on Top The sky garden on the top floor is not only for ornamental plants, but also a complete autonomous cycle of greenhouses to grow cash crops, grain and flowers. Electricity also has a way of providing power to the entire tower with solar glass and a few amount of Biogas. About the material we have breakthrough strategy. EX: hard bamboo, Translucent Wood and Power-generating glass. Through this transformation, we hope to significantly reduce environmental costs and burdens in a high-quality living environment.
37
DEVELOPEMENT PROCESS
‧First, widen the main road and change its route. This will effectively alleviate the problem of excessive traffic flow. ‧Reconstruction of the river on the southwest side of the site.
‧Reducing road width and adding sidewalks ‧Replanning of roads in residential areas. ‧The railway will be connected to the urban transportation system,
‧The fork on the south side will change the traffic route. ‧The road in front of the train
•
Traffic direction
guidance
and
changes in driving habits ‧Future software infrastructure Ex.
underground,
Solar charging stations, smart power
returning the right of way to
supervision systems, and high-speed
pedestrians and green space.
network automatic driving guidance
station
turns
systems.
reducing transfer distance.
‧The south-west side is a green corridor of about 300
‧The east side is mainly for commercial
‧The blocks which in the north- west is a Residential and Commer-
meters as city park. It would combine with cultural
location and office and advantages of location
cial Mixed-Use. High-rise apartment and Commercial office building
industry and area to parenting activity.
will attract more businesses to enter. The area
‧The southern side of the base where adjacency to
is a complete walking area.
are the main building types. ‧The gradual connection between the cultural/arts block , areas of
Taichung Railway Station as a commercial location
‧The open space in front of the train station
the commercial district and the residential areas, thus forming a
mainly for future development. The area is mainly
will be fully planned as Artsquare /Arts Centre
basic life circle. Besides, establish an art air corridor to connect two
pedestrian areas and a few one-way roads so it could
and City Gardens. It would improve the
green spaces, successfully dividing pedestrian and traffic spaces.
effectively solve traffic problems in surrounding.
quality of life around the area.
In this area we focus on traffic, green belts, housing patterns and density. A new green corridor separates the commercial and residential areas. It is hoped that residents in this area will have more leisure space and better quality of life in addition to the convenience of life. The area's original road network has also been changed. Through systematic lane diversions, lane width changes and a more convenient series of public transportation systems, major traffic problems in the city center will be effectively alleviated. The surrounding buildings also have greater room for change due to changes in the hinterland. The vertical living pattern changes the height and density of houses, so residents prefer to leave space for gardens and green areas to improve environmental conditions.
39
U r b a N r e s e a r c h . . . S P AT I A L D E S I G N . . . D I G I TA L I N T E R A C T I V E D E S I G N . . .
Track to Beauty
05. 2021-2022 Interior Design Center for Aesthetic Surgery
41 Ever y modern man and woman has the desire for beauty. Fenghua United Clinic provides professional plastic surger y, detailed consultation, and a trendy interior space. On the track of beauty, we urge to provide the experience with equivalent aesthetic.
SIMULATION RENDERS
LIVE PHOTO
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greeNgallery 43
Real Estate Reception Center Architecture Design
06. Jan.2019
45 DESIGN PROCESS
LIVE PHOTO
47 U r b a N r e s e a r c h . . . S P AT I A L D E S I G N . . . D I G I TA L I N T E R A C T I V E D E S I G N . . .
07. ciTyscoPe Feb.-June, 2023 AR App for Visualizing Real-time Weather Data
Cooperative works Specially thanks to Ching-Yao Su, Tzu-Hsin Hsieh and Yu-Hsuan Lo, my teammates of UROP (Undergraduate Research Opportunity Programme) in MIT City Science Lab @ Taipei Tech. This was a team collaborative work with them. During this half-year programme, we scheduled one to two days per week to participate in this cross-disciplinary
collaborative
project.
We
discussed every detail in this project together, and exchange our ideas from different point of view. I was involved in the visualization design and development in this project.
Taichung
Taoyuan
New Taipei Taipei
49 Weather Visualization in AR
Realtime Database
Creating a data visualization platform with an immersive approach has the potential to significantly enhance decision-making processes. In this endeavor, our team
CWB
EPA
developed an interactive application aimed at seamlessly integrating real-time HUV
weather data into 3D physical space.
Temperature
PM2.5
As illustrated in the project cover, the interactive interface comprises two distinct
Rain
sections of virtual objects: the upper sphere portion (detailed on the right page) and
Weather
the lower informational aid segment. serialize JSON file
System
WebRequest
The system is divided into two main frameworks. The first frame-work, indicated by
Unity
the blue area, receives real-time information from backend APIs in JSON format. The second framework, represented by the red area, uses web requests to wirelessly
deserialize
transmit this data to an iPad running Unity. Once received the data undergoes JSON
visualization
deserialization and is then visually represented in a corresponding manner.
iPad Application
Virtual-Real Locolization In order to accurately position the model on the physical Taiwan Island replica, the system is organized into two primary modules. The first module, highlighted
in blue, employs
AR App
AprilTag Detection
Plane Detection
Scan Tag
Detect Plane AR Foundation
AprilTag Detection using the Tag “Standard41h12” type to scan and identify the tag ID as well as its position. The second module, marked in red, utilizes AR Foundation for plane detection. This module offers ARKit SDK
Type TagStandard41h12 ARKit SDK
Detect Tag ID & Tag Position
ARCore SDK
for iOS devices and ARCore SDK for Android devices. Specifically, we use the ARKit SDK for iOS to place the
Place Model (based on Position & Plane)
model based on the detected tag position and plane, which is then displayed on the device.
iOS Device
Android Device
Display on Device
AprilTag Detection
Plane Detection Virtual Objects
AR Foundation
ARKit
HUV UV Index
Low 0
High 11+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Low
Moderate
High
11+
Very High Extreme
Some Extra protection protection protection essencial required needed
No protection needed
Stay indoor
The ultraviolet (UV) effects are designed based on the UV index, with particle colors also planned according to the color scheme of the UV index. The index ranges from 0 to 11+, with colors transitioning from green to purple to indicate the level of uv exposure, from low to high.
High UV Visualization
Temperature The temperature effects aims to Cold
Hot
0°C
38°C+ Take relative humidity 100% as example:
0
9
26
32
38+
Slight cold
Comfort
Hot
Very hot Extreme
Warmth needed
Nothing alert
Caution
Extreme Caution
Danger
High Temperature Visualization
represent the intensity of convection currents. The color scheme ranges from blue to indicate cold temperatures to red for hot temperatures. The stronger the convection, the colder the temperature
is
represented,
conversely,
weaker
and
convection
corresponds to hotter temperatures.
Rain Amount Low
High
<2.5mm
2.5-7.5mm 7.5-15mm 15-30mm
<30mm
The rain effects are influenced by the real-time rainfall data received. The higher the numerical value of the
Light
Moderate
Heavy
Intense
Torrential
rainfall, the denser the particle effects for rain appear, and conversely, lower values result in sparser rain effects.
Torrential Rain Visualization
PM2.5 Low 0μg/m³
High >300μg/m³
Air Quality Index (AQI) of PM2.5 Concentration 0050
51100
Good
Moderate
101150
151200
201300
indicate the concentration level of fine particulate matter in the air. A denser
>300
Unhealthy Unhealthy Very Hazardous for sensitive Unhealthy individuals
High PM2.5 Visualization
The PM2.5 effects are designed to
concentration is represented by a deeper shade of brown, while a sparser concentration is indicated by a lighter shade of green.
51
Apr.-Jul., 2022
Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Creative Application Proposal
U r b a N r e s e a r c h . . . S P AT I A L D E S I G N . . . D I G I TA L I N T E R A C T I V E D E S I G N . . .
08.
53
1. BIM on Cloud 2. Sensor Position 3. Data Cascade 4. Visualization 5. Scenario 6. Prediction 7. Auto-Device
55 U r b a N r e s e a r c h . . . S P AT I A L D E S I G N . . . D I G I TA L I N T E R A C T I V E D E S I G N . . .
09. Feathers Biology Biomimicry Interactive Installation 2021 Cooperative works Specially thanks to Chien-Kai Kuo, TzuHsin Hsieh, Chu-Hua Huang. This was a team collaborative work with them. I had been involved in all parts of this project.
Demo Movie
57
This design is designed to simulate the self-protection mechanism of an animal when faced with an unknown object.
In order to simulate the self-protective behaviour of animals, we have taken reference from the feathers of birds. It uses a long and intricate structure to protect the skin from moisture.
The mechanical behaviour used in this design is based on the crankshaft in a reciprocating piston engine, which converts the kinetic energy from the linear reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational kinetic energy. The crankshaft is an important component of motorbikes.
The design was modelled parametrically usin
the parameters of the 3D model to simulate th
the oscillation of the blades and the path of th rotation angle puller.
ng Rhino Grasshopper, and the actual model was modelled in parallel by fine-tuning
he results of the decisions made for each component. In this 3D model, we simulate
he connecting ropes when the engine is rotated to various angles by using the engine
In order to simulate the self-protective behaviour of animals, the design uses the Arduino's ultrasonic sensing module to detect the approaching state of unknown objects.
Distance Sensing
Output reaction Stop Slow Spinning Fast Spinning Fast Swinging