Alexandra Saraev IHK Lippe zu Detmold, 02.12.2010
Lebenszyklusanalyse, Carbon Footprint, Ökobilanz Strategische Ansätze für innovative Unternehmen
1. 2. 3. 4.
Introduction Understand Improve Succeed
Introduction PE INTERNATIONAL PE Profile
We assist our clients in.. Defining and Developing sustainable strategies Analysing, assessing and managing the challenges and opportunities of sustainability: At company level At product level Designing, developing and implementing sustainability solutions: Consulting Software Data bases ..by using a unique set of tools, services, expertise and people, that enables them to leverage their innovative power and business value.
06.12.2010
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Services of PE INTERNATIONAL
Integrated solutions for product and corporate sustainability management
SoFi
Sustainability Consulting Emissions management Life Cycle Assessment Corporate Social Responsibility Energy efficiency studies Carbon Footprints / Offset / CDM Compliance and risk management Supply Chain Management
06.12.2010
Corporate Sustainability Sustainability information management and reporting (e.g. GRI, UN Global Compact, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18000, CDP) Key Performance Indicator (KPI) systems Corporate Carbon Footprint Supplier Monitoring and Evaluation
Product Sustainability Life Cycle Assessment Design for Environment Product Carbon Footprint Environmental cost assessment Scenario analysis / decision support Value Chain Analysis
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Introduction PE INTERNATIONAL PE Profile
In business for almost 20 years Many years of competence and experience in a wide variety of industries Global provider of Services and Sustainability solutions Satisfied user community in over 70 countries Over 500 Multinational companies (DJSI) use our solutions Setting standards through projects with international clients and standardization bodies worldwide Today, PE INTERNATIONAL employ approx. 130 people worldwide representing 20 different nationalities in 10 companies, operating offices in 14 countries. Headquarters are in Stuttgart, Germany 06.12.2010
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Staying on top of things with PE INTERNATIONAL
By discussing Sustainability challenges in all levels of business management. By conducting Strategy workshops and helping companies develop roadmaps. Through partnerships, like CDP, GRI Helping develop methodologies like with WRI, the GHG accounting protocol. Through participation in the Atlantic Task Force Through innovative project participation and development
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Clients and experience Selected references
Automotive Automotive suppliers Electronics Construction materials Surface treatment Construction Heating Associations Finance Public bodies Energy Food/Retail 06.12.2010
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Introduction Understand Improve Succeed
Our Tutorial
What’s going on in electronics industry and environmental actions What does it mean Methods for improvement Examples and success stories Practical model (Wincor Nixdorf) 12/6/2010
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Sustainability Vision Needs Proactivity
proactive
Sustainability Vision
Customer differentiated today
tomorrow
Compliance driven
Market driven strategy
reactive 06.12.2010
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Aspects in Regard to Products
Safety and reliability Function (electric and mechanical) Quality and material properties Innovation Appearance/product performance, -image
Technology
Quality
Cost
Environment
Profitability Production-/disposal costs Product price Environmental aspects Environmentally compliant product development Recycling compliant product design Environmental indicators 12/6/2010
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Stakeholder in Europe
Corporate Customer
Energy Label Legislation
Non Governmental Organizations
ยง Competitors
Governmental Campaigns
Eco Label
Consumer Test Magazines
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Voluntary Agreements
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Eco-Label
Europe has many eco-label schemes – mainly on IT products. However, only few are really successful (recognized by the market). The most important labels are:
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European Eco-Label “Eco-Flower” (PC, notebook, TV) TCO (PC, notebook, market need!!! for computer displays) Blue Angel (PC, notebook, TV) TUeV eco-circle (PC, notebook)
Typical requirements are: Low Power Consumption Noise Electromagnetic Fields Halogen-free Minimized material use Recyclability And in the future: RoHS? EUP? REACH? ….
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Test Magazines
In Europe Consumer Organisations are very active with consumer tests. They publish these tests in test magazines which have direct influence on the purchasing decision of customers. Most influencing magazines are: • • • • •
Dutch “Consumentengids” German “Stiftung Warentest” UK “Which” Danish “Tank & Test” German “ComputerBild”
The rating of environmental attributes are 5 – 15 % of the total test and can therefore easily influence the total test result! The normal reader only buys the winner of the test without looking for details! Typical criteria's are: • Power consumption • Substances • Noise • Material use • From 2007 RoHS?!
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Governmental Campaigns
As Europe consists of many different countries with not only different languages but also different culture some countries feel the European Union legislation not strong enough or not well controlled. - They start promotion campaigns for environmental conscious products. Most proactive countries are: • • • •
Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway) The Netherlands Switzerland Germany
Some examples for campaigns: • • • • •
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Denmark: Promotion of GEEA label – “Buy only labelled products!” Denmark: Promotion against brominated flame-retardants – “Don’t buy those products!” Netherlands: Starting point for EuroCad project – Control of Cadmium content in products Switzerland: “Proactive Purchaser list” – They buy only GEEA labelled products. Germany: Active support for the Eco-Label “Blue Angel”
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Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s)
Europe has many environmental activists which are organized in Non-Governmental organisations. Some of them are famous due to spectacular campaigns/actions. Most important and active NGO’s are: • Greenpeace • Friends of the Earth • Worldwide Nature Fund (WWF)
Their major requirements towards the electronic industry are: • • • •
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PVC-free Halogen-free No hazardous substances (e.g. OSPAR list) Energy saving (carbon reduction)
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Greenpeace: Environmental Ranking
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EU Roadmap
Revision WEEE
WEEE
Revision RoHS
RoHS
Packging ELV
ErP
EuP
Sustainable Manufacturing
REACH
Battery
1990 12/6/2010
2003
2005
2006
2008-12
2015-20 18
EuP (Energy using Products), ErP (Energy relevant Products) Directives 2005/32/EC and 2009/125/EC
Directives 2005/32/EC and 2009/125/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (Ecodesign-directive)
In the scope of version 2005/32/EG in energy-using products was included (Energy using Products, EuP) The scope of 2009/125/EG was enlarged to energy-related products (Energy related Products, ErP) Goals of the directive: Reduction of environmental impacts of energy-related products and guarantee of free movement of goods of such products within the European Union Transposition in national law: German „Energiebetriebene-Produkte-Gesetz (EBPG)“ has come into effect on 2008-07-03
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EuP (Energy using Products), ErP (Energy related Products) Directives 2005/32/EC and 2009/125/EC
Product-related environmental assessment Focus: energy efficiency, life cycle perspective, accountability for environmental actions and assessments Environmental effects of all products throughout their life cycles should be known and documented in a quantitative way (i.e. more than just energy consumption!) Voluntary commitments are welcomed; however: work had commenced on “specific implementing measures“, which will provide a basis for legislative regulations Continual environmental improvement of products and actors is the goal (IPP*, eco-design, emissions trading or EMS** provide the frameworks and tools) * IPP = Integrated Product Policy ** EMS = Environmental Management System 12/6/2010
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EuP (Energy using Products), ErP (Energy related Products) Directives 2005/32/EC and 2009/125/EC
Article 1: Subject matter and scope (version 2005/32/EG) All energy-using products, explicit exclusion of transport vehicles for persons and goods Article 5: Marking and declaration of conformity (version 2005/32/EG) CE marking with specific reference to implementing measures Article 11: Requirements for components and sub-assemblies (version 2005/32/EG) Inclusion of the supply chain, “…to provide the manufacturer of an EuP covered by implementing measures with relevant information on the material composition and the consumption of energy, materials and/or resources of the components or subassemblies.” Article 14: Consumer information (version 2005/32/EG) Benefits of ecodesign Environmental profile of products Support for a sustainable consumer behaviour
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EuP (Energy using Products), ErP (Energy related Products) Directives 2005/32/EC and 2009/125/EC
Article 15: Implementing measures (version 2005/32/EG) Criteria for implementing measures: Significant volume of sales (200.000 products per year within EC) Significant environmental impact Significant environmental improvement potential Implementing measures must follow ecodesign criteria: Generic implementing measures (Annex I) Specific implementing measures (Annex II) Self-regulation, for example voluntary agreements
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EuP (Energy using Products), ErP (Energy related Products) Directives 2005/32/EC and 2009/125/EC
The goal of EuP-directive is the setting of mandatory minimum requirements for individual product groups. While the directive sets the scope, product group specific implementing measures (currently only directives) are acquired in a subsequent process. Alternative: voluntary self-commitment of industry Procedure of EuP Directive (from product selection to legal document) 1. Selection of product groups 2. Collection and composition of background material and data in preparatory study 3. Working document – first version from EC (Consultation Forum) 4. Draft regulation – for verification at regulatory group 5. Legally approved regulation – approval from parliament
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Voluntary Agreements under EuP/ErP - CECIMO Coverage of EuP directive Annex VIII
2. Added value Target of improved product in relation to BAU, inclusion of LCA 1. Openness of participation ISO activities Webpage
3. Representativeness Market coverage of manufacturers ass. in CECIMO: 86% Open for non-CECIMO members 4. Quantified and staged objective Method with calculator and evaluation (relative and absolute improvement figures)
SRI from CECIMO
5. Involvement of civil society Webpage Publication of reports
9. Incentive compatibility Obstacles not recognised 8. Sustainability Continuous improvement is ensured
7. Cost-effectiveness of administering an SRI Existing infrastructure IT-support – web based
6. Monitoring and reporting Auditing Report collection from members Sanctions
Source: Consultation Forum of EC-EuP, presentation of voluntary self regulation, Brussels, Nov. 17th 2009 12/6/2010
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Voluntary Agreements under EuP/ErP - COCIR Coverage of EuP Directive Annex VIII
1: Openness to participation 2: Added Value 3: Representativeness 4: Quantified and staged objectives
• Other associations and companies invited to participate • Targets go beyond BAU • COCIR covers 80%- 100% depending on product group • LCA based • Physical units (mass or energy)
5: Involvement of Civil Society
• Public process with active involvement • Press release • Web side
6: Monitoring and Reporting
• Yearly base inline with data collection
7: Cost-effectiveness of administering SRI 8: Sustainability 9: Incentive compatibility
• Most linked to existing business procedures • Ensured via continuous improvement • IEC 60601-1-9 • No obstacles known
Source: Consultation Forum of EC-EuP, presentation of voluntary self regulation, Brussels, Nov. 17th 2009 12/6/2010
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Introduction Understand Improve Succeed
Sustainability Map
Strategy Management Consulting Services/Tools Corporate Sustainability Product Sustainability Content Management System Integration Standards
IT Platform 12/6/2010
Workshops
Vision Development
Engagement Interviews/Surveys
Strategy Reporting
CSR/EH&S Reporting
Life Cycle Assessment
Score Cards
CSR/EH&S Management
Carbon Footprint
Product Carbon Footprint
GaBi Data
ISO 14067, 14044, 14001, 14064
Roadmap Development
Supply Chain Insight
Walmart Assessment Calculator
ELCD
Green Building
Public emission factors
PAS 2050
Role-based Accessibility & Security
CDP
Deployment Options
US LCI
KPI/Scorecard Development
Supply Chain Scope 1-3
Ecoinvent
Analytics (Scenario, Parameter, Sensitivity, Monte Carlo)
BOM Acceleration
WRI/ WSBC
Stakeholder Engagement
Benchmarking
Sustainable Design Management
On Demand Data
CDM Mechanism CER Reduction
SWOT/GAP Analysis
GRI
SA 8000, 1000ES Localization
FTSE4Good
SOA Architecture 27
Scope of Tutorial: Life Cycle Thinking Differentiation to compliance and risk
Risk assessment and risk prevention Environmental and entrepreneurial risks Compliance Compliance of environmental restrictions and directives Life cycle assessment (LCA) Consideration of environmental impacts of the product over the whole life cycle
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Various Risk Perspectives Risk assessment and risk prevention
Environmental risks / materials, legal, End of Life Toxic materials and their possible impacts Legal compliance Disposal phase (responsibility and influence of producer?) Corporate risks External Legal compliance, image (marketing, reliance, facts, country of origin), leadership and proactivity, proactive lobbying (for example prevention of legal measures), reliability and transparency of information, facts instead of rumors Internal Understanding for employees, efficiency of energy and materials, reliability und transparency of information, facts instead of rumors
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Differentiation: Corporate and Product Level
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Apple Combination of Scope 1, 2, 3 including products
http://www.apple.com/environment 12/6/2010
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Apple Combination of several environmental aspects
Env. Reports for products and facilities: http://www.apple.com/environment/reports/ 12/6/2010
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IEC 62430 Committee Draft ECD – Environmental Conscious Design
Fundamentals of Environmentally Conscious Design (ECD) Tools for Assessment and Realisation of ECD and Life Cycle Thinking
Review and Continual Improvement
IEC 62430 “Environmenta lly Conscious Design of electrical and electronic products and systems”
Identification and Evaluation of Environmental Aspects and Corresponding Impacts 06/12/2010
Life Cycle Thinking
Regulatory and Stakeholders’ Requirements
Integration into Management System
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IEC62430 Committee Draft The ECD process
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IEC62430 Committee Draft Approach IEC 62430 is identical to ISO 14040/44 (LCA)
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Principles of Life Cycle Assessment Framework of LCA - ISO 14044
LCA framework
Direct applications:
Goal and scope definition §4.2 ISO 14044
§4.3 ISO 14044
Impact assessment §4.4 ISO 14044
12/6/2010
Interpretation
Inventory analysis
• Product development and improvement
§4.5 ISO 14044
• Strategic planning • Public policy making • Marketing • Other
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Principles of Life Cycle Assessment
Energy consumption, Raw material consumption, Impact assessment
Greenhouse effect, Summer smog, Acidification, Over-fertilisation, Environmental toxins, Problems with waste, ... Emissions Waste
Inventory analysis
Output Input
Output Input
Output Input
Output Input
Production
Use
Output Input
Resources Life cycle stages Phases of the life cycle 06/12/2010
Gathering and preparation of raw materials
Manufacturing initial products
Production phase
Use phase
Disposal Recycling Depositon
End of Life 37
Drivers for Product LCA
Informed Decision Making Generation of facts Objective view on life cycle aspects Quantitative instead of qualitative Combination with cost aspects Detection of Improvement Potentials Cost-benefit analysis Priority ranking No shift of burden Communication of Environmental Advantages Reliable and profound Compliance to Environmental Legislation
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PE INTERNATIONAL – Consulting Service Flowchart from customer request to answer the request
4 external
17.08.07
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What is Ecodesign?
The quantitative analysis of environmental aspects over a product’s entire life cycle towards continual improvement using appropriate measures at the right places
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Where is Ecodesign?
Production: Raw materials Preliminary products Manufacturing processes Transportation/ Distribution Use Energy consumption Consumption of substances (e.g. washing agents or water) Maintenance and repair Service life (and possibly length of life) End of Life (EoL) Disposal Recycling Logistics 06/12/2010
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Who makes Ecodesign? Lead or Support – Interactions between Divisions
Development/ Design • • • •
Marketing • Competitive situation • Position as green leadership • Green IT promotion • Trend setting • Customer requirements
Substitution Innovation Improvement Expansion to PSS
EH&S/ Environmental expert group/ Ecodesigner • Analysis or simulation • Reporting • Decision gate during design and development • In-house support
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Result of Ecodesign: Better Environmental Profiles What is an environmental profile
Environmental profile of a product always consists of three aspects: Mass and weight of a material, energy or valuable substance Type and quality of its manufacture route and related transports Direct environmental impacts on-site, e.g. emissions, wastes
emissions provision of thermal energy provision of power materials/ components auxiliaries 06/12/2010
x MJ x MJ
product(s)
x kg x kg
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Ecodesign in Day to Day Business
Make positive communication Realise improvements Adapt business actions and thinking Live you strategy Come closer to your vision
Act
Plan
What Who Necessary information Data acquisition Responsibility When
COMPANY Interpretation of results Understanding of messages from results Derive strategy Plan business improvement Plan communication/ marketing 12/6/2010
Check
Do
Project plan Tool for modelling Data for model Model Modularise smart Modularise result oriented Generate results
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Introduction Understand Improve Succeed
Product Development Includes Ecodesign The highest energy efficient products
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Energy Efficiency
Energy = money Efficiency = saving Energy ≠Energy - thermal energy or electrical power - power from coal, gas, oil, uranium - power from wind, PV, water, geothermal, waste, biogas Energy causes environmental impacts – very different ones! Environmental friendly energy is a question of storage and accessibility and NOT a question of generation or availability - PV, wind, geothermal, water, biogas could support total demand side, but - disposability at demand times is not provided (at least not yet) Material resources (ores) are for free (you have it or not), only production, provision, concentration needs energy => material provision = energy demand 06/12/2010
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Examples from Different Power Grid Mixes Provided on base of CO2e emissions
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Power grid mix from
CO2e emissions in kg per 1kWh power
Composition of energy type and energy resource
CN
1.07
and
ID
1.01
US
0.78
TR
0.72
DE
0.67
IT
0.66
UK
0.63
JP
0.61
EU25
0.55
CA
0.33
NO
0.03
Technologies (energy efficiency) define the environmental profile/ the environmental quality of power grid mixes
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Examples from Different Materials (Cradle to Gate) Provided on base of primary energy consumption (resources) in MJ
Plastics
Primary energy consumption in MJ/1kg material
Metals
Primary energy consumption in MJ/1kg material
PVC
59
Lead
22
Polyethylene
78
Steel
23
Polystyrol
83
Tin
38
PMMA
87
Copper
60
Polybutadien
96
Al (ingot)
220
Polycarbonate
96
Al (sheet)
240
PET
96
Silver
ca. 7 000
PUR
134
Gold
ca. 400 000
Epoxy resin
138
PA
140
PTFE
298
1 kWh power (DE)
ca. 12 MJ
Printed circuit board FR4 2 sided 4 layer HASL Finishing
1320 MJ/1kg
2938 MJ/1m2
Printed circuit board FR4 2 sided 4 layer Au/Ni Finishing
2125 MJ/1kg
3400 MJ/1m2
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Steps for creating an LCA (according to DIN ISO 14044)
Water
Energy
Emissions
„Black Box“
Raw material
Primary product
Process 1
Process 2
Process 3
Product
Transport
Final Costomer
Packaging
Waste
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Auxiliaries and operating materials
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Example of an LCA Model of an Electronic Product Life cycle, manufacture line with pre-products, environmental profile of components
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Example: Cradle to Gate Primted Circuit Board Merely material ist not the only environmental impact
0,08
2,3
0,003
1,7E-06
8,2
151
100%
Montage Assembly
90% 80% 70% 60%
Herstellung Manufacture restliche Teile mech. parts
ca. 500g
Manufacture Herstellung electronic elektronische parts Bauteile
ca. 11g
50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
06/12/2010
Primärenergetische Ressourcen [MJ]
Treibhauspotential (GWP 100 Jahre) [kg CO2-Äqv.]
Ozonabbaupotential (ODP, katalytisches) [kg R11-Äqv.]
Photochemisches Oxidantienbildungspotential (POCP) [kg Ethen-Äqv.]
Humantoxizitätspotential (HTP) [kg DCB-Äqv.]
Versauerungspotential (AP) [kg SO2-Äqv.]
0%
Herstellung Manufacture Lotpaste solder paste Sn62Pb36Ag2 Sn62Pb36Ag2
Manufacture Herstellung und FR4 Strukturierung substrate 4 FR4-Substrat layers 4-lagig
ca. 2g
ca. 12g
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FR4 PWB in Detail (Au/Ni Finishing)
Environmental of PWB manufacture FR4 Au/NiFinishing finishing Umweltprofilprofile Leiterplattenfertigung FR4 Au/Ni 100% Produktion und Consumption Verbrauch auxiliary Hilfsstoffe materials
90% 80% 70%
Strombedarf Power consumption
60% 50% 40%
Disposal Entsorgung (water (Wassertreatment) behandlung)
30% 20% 10%
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Primärenergiebedarf aus Ressourcen (unterer Heizwert) in MJ
CML2001, Treibhauspotential (GWP 100 Jahre) [kg CO2-Äqv.]
CML2001, Ozonabbaupotential (ODP, katalytisches) [kg R11-Äqv.]
CML2001, Photochem. Oxidantienbildungspot. (POCP) [kg Ethen-Äqv.]
CML2001, Humantoxizitätspotential (HTP) [kg DCB-Äqv.]
CML2001, Versauerungspotential (AP) [kg SO2-Äqv.]
0%
Material(Layer, Material (layer, Kupfercopper clad, kaschierung, prepreg) Prepreg) Material Material finishing Au/Ni) (Finishing
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FR4 PWB in Detail (Variation to HASL Finishing)
Umweltprofilprofile Leiterplattenfertigung FR4 HASL Environmental of PWB manufacture FR4 HASLFinishing finishing In relation to Au/Ni finishing relativ gegenüber Au/Ni Finishing
100% 90%
Consumption auxiliary materials und Produktion Verbrauch Hilfsstoffe
80% 70% 60% 50%
Power Strombedarf consumption
40% 30%
Disposal Entsorgung (water (Wassertreatment) behandlung)
20% 10%
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Primärenergiebedarf aus Ressourcen (unterer Heizwert) in MJ
CML2001, Treibhauspotential (GWP 100 Jahre) [kg CO2-Äqv.]
CML2001, Ozonabbaupotential (ODP, katalytisches) [kg R11-Äqv.]
CML2001, Photochem. Oxidantienbildungspot. (POCP) [kg Ethen-Äqv.]
CML2001, Humantoxizitätspotential (HTP) [kg DCB-Äqv.]
CML2001, Versauerungspotential (AP) [kg SO2-Äqv.]
0%
Material(Layer, Material (layer, Kupfercopper clad, kaschierung, prepreg) Prepreg) Material Material HASL) (Finishing finishing
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Datasets Providing Environmental Profiles of Components Representative data first, afterwards dive into details and specifics
11 Functions Diodes
38 Types MELF Signal Power
…
ICs
BGA DIP TSOP
…
Transistors
DPAK Signal Power
…
Capacitors
Al Ceramic Tantal
…
Coils
Miniature wound Multilayer chip Quad-chokes
…
Resistors
• •06/12/2010 •
Flat chip Thick film flat chip MELF
…
129 Datasets MELF (130mg) D2.6x5.2 mMELF (40mg) D1.6x3.9 DO214/219 (14.8mg) 3.9x1.9x2 SOD123/323/523 (1.59mg) 0.8x0.75x1.6, Au-Bondwire THT DO201 (1.12g) D5.3x9.5
…
144 leads, (466mg) 13x13x1.75 256 leads, (2.62g) 27x27x2.36 8 leads, (480mg) 10.9x6.6x3.3 24 leads, (2.59g) 35.5x8.2x3.10 32 leads, (325mg) 8x20x1.2
• • • Resistors
…
FR4 substrates
…
Al-capacitor SMD (1.29g) D10x10.2 Al-capacitor radial THT (5.65g) D12.5x30 MLCC 0201 (0.17mg) 0.6x0.3x0.3 MLCC 0603 (6mg) 1.6x0.8x0.8 SMD Z (8mg) 2x1.25x1.2
FR4 1s1l, 2s2l FR4 2s4l, 2s8l FR4 2s12l, 2s16l
…
Assembly lines
Diff. throughput Diff. machine type
…
…
SDR0302 (81mg) D3x2.5 SDR1006 (1.16g) D9.8x5.8 0402 (1mg) 1x0.5x0.5 1812 (108mg) 4.5x3.2x1.5 (2.5g) 14.5x13.3x8.0
Thick film flat chip MELF
…
TO263 (1.38g) 10.3x9.6x4.5 TO252 (290mg) 6.6x6.2x2.3 SOT223 3 leads (110mg) 3.8x7.65x2.4 SOT223 8 leads (180mg) 3.8x7.65x4 SOT93/TO218 3 leads (4.70g) 15.5x12.9x4.7
Flat chip
Solder pastes
SnAg2.6Cu0.3 SnAg3.5 SnAg3.5Cu0.7
…
0402 (0.6mg) 0603 (1.9mg) 0402 (0.75mg) 0603 (2.1mg) MMA 0204 (19mg) D1.4x3.7
…
FR4 2s2l (AuNi, rigid, single layer)
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Approval of Certificates Daimler Environmental Certificate
Reporting & Certification
4
17.08.07
56
Approval of Certificates Volkswagen AG
06.12.2010
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Product Carbon Footprint Example of a handheld like mobile phone
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EPD Like Information Sheets Example of a Canadian company refurbishing laser cartridges
EPD like envtl information sheet for LN final PEA.pdf
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Product Carbon Footprint System boundaries of example III, handheld like mobile phone
Handheld phone, screen and keys Total mass about 250 g 2.5� TFT display Internal and external RAM 1 GB in total External charger Manufacture in Asia Transport distances are averages for USA and Europe 100% by airplane Use phase assumed to be 4 years, typical usage primarily phoning and some office work (e.g. email and office programs) Use phase only considers charging, net and communication intervals are not considered
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Product Carbon Footprint Example of a handheld like mobile phone
Single Example of CO2 Footprint of a Handheld (in kg CO2 equivalencies)
30
Impacts from treatment or disposal Credits from recycling
25
Power consumption world mix (net not included) Air and ship transport long distance
20
Packaging 15 Charger Battery
10
Cables and connectors 5
Mainboard TFT display
0
Manufacture
Transport
Use (4 years)
End of Life
Chassis
-5
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Our Tutorial
What’s going on in electronics industry and environmental actions What does it mean Methods for improvement Examples and success stories Practical model (Wincor Nixdorf) 12/6/2010
62
For more information, please contact:
Alexandra Saraev Hauptstr. 111-113 70771 Leinfelden-Echterdigen a.saraev@pe-international.com Phone: +49 711 34181766 www.pe-international.com