BBRC6250_ComputingScienceP6_Final_CTP200120.pdf
1
20/1/2563 BE
10:16
BBRC6250
Literacy Skills
Communication Collaboration Critical Thinking Creativity
C
Primary Education Smart+
Information Literacy Media Literacy Technology Literacy
Learning Skills
M
Y
CM
MY
This series helps you to understand and apply computational thinking to solve daily problems in an orderly and systematic way.
CY
CMY
There are four parts in each book in this series: Solving daily problems using logical thinking and computational thinking Coding or writing simple computer programs
Prathomsuksa 6
K
Using ICT to collect, process and present data Evaluating information found online and using ICT safely
Based on the Basic Education Curriculum B.E. 2551 (Revised Edition B.E. 2560)
BBRC6250
885-87220-0316-6
8 858722 003166
885-87220-0316-6 First Published 2563
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission of Pelangi Publishing (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 2020
BBRC5250_ComputingScienceP5_Titlepage_CTP.indd 6
20/1/2563 BE 10:24
Special features Extra relevant information helps in understanding the topic better.
Video-based information engages viewers and enhances learning experience.
Game-based learning incorporates problem solving and critical thinking skills.
Higher-order questions promote critical thinking skills.
Collaborative activities encourage students to learn from each other and foster teamwork.
Solving puzzles and brain-teasers helps to develop problem-solving skills and boost logical thinking.
? A summary helps students to identify the main ideas of the topic.
More practices enable students to reinforce their understanding of the topic.
Contents
ii
Chapter 1 Logical thinking
1
Chapter 2 Games in computing
25
for information Chapter 3 Searching efficiently
48
use of information and Chapter 4 Safe communication technology
57
Let’s Play
74
Computing Science Prathomsuksa
6
Chapter
1
Logical thinking
Steps in logical thinking Mimi, Jones and Matthew have similar books of 240 pages. They want to find out who can open the book to a randomly-picked page the fastest. They need to open the book to page 100. How do they find that page fast? Mimi starts from the first page. She flips the pages one by one until it reaches page 100. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ,7 ,8, 9, 10, ..., 100
Jones randomly flips the book looking for page 100. 27, 200, 56, 70, 112, 140, 90, ..., 100
Matthew starts from the first page. Then, he flips a few pages each time until he reaches page 100. 1, 15, 20, 29, 34, 46, 58, 67, 79, ..., 100
If you were them, what method would you use to find that page fast?
When solving any problems, we should incorporate logical thinking. Logical thinking is a way of thinking in a proper or disciplined manner that is based on facts and evidence. With logical thinking, we can come up with better solutions. Generally, there are five steps in solving a problem with logical thinking. They are: 1. Identifying the goal – What do you need to do or solve? 2. Identifying the information given – What is the information given? 3. Identifying the conditions given – What are the conditions? 4. Identifying the logic – Why must certain ways be carried out? 5. Identifying the solution – How do you solve the problem? Let’s use these steps to solve the problem faced by the children. 1. Identifying the goal To open the book to a page fast 2. Identifying the information given The book has 240 pages. 3. Identifying the conditions given To open the book to page 100 fast 4. Identifying the logic Page 100 is near the middle of the book which is page 120. 5. Identifying the solution Step 1 - Open the book to its half. Step 2 -Then, flip backward to page 100.
Is your method different from the above? Find out which is faster.
2
Computing Science Prathomsuksa
6
1 There are three shapes in a sequence. What is the next shape?
1. Identifying the goal
2. Identifying the information given
3. Identifying the conditions given
4. Identifying the logic
5. Identifying the solution
Chapter 1
Logical thinking
3
Solving simple problems with logical thinking Guessing a number generated by a computer The computer will select a number between 1 and 16. A user will try to guess the number in not more than 4 times. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 The computer will notify the user if the guess is correct, too high or too low. The flow chart below is the algorithm of the computer program . Start Generate a number between 1 and 16 randomly Input a guess by the user
No
Guess = number? Yes
Yes
Say ‘Your guess is correct.’
Say ‘Your number is too high.’
Yes
End
Guess > number?
4 times? No
4
Computing Science Prathomsuksa
6
No Say ‘Your number is too low.’
How will you guess the number? Will you guess 1, then 2, then 3 and so on, until you get the correct number? If the computer selects 1, then you are correct at the first guess. However, if the computer selects 16, then you need 16 guesses. Let’s use the logical thinking steps to solve this problem. 1. Identifying the goal To guess a number 2. Identifying the information given The numbers are between 1 and 16. 3. Identifying the conditions given Limited to not more than 4 tries 4. Identifying the logic Always select the number that is halfway between the highest and the lowest numbers. In this way, we will eliminate half of the possibilities. 5. Identifying the solution Let’s say the number is 11. Step 1 – Choose 8 (halfway between 1 and 16). The computer will say ‘Your number is too low.’ Step 2 - Choose 12 (halfway between 8 and 16). The computer will say ‘Your number is too high.’ Step 3 – Choose 10 (halfway between 8 and 12). The computer will say ‘Your number is too low.’ Step 4 – Choose 11 (halfway between 10 and 12). The computer will say ‘Your guess is correct.’ This method is very useful when we need to guess a number from a very wide range of numbers. Visit this website to play ‘Guess the number’ game. You may change the range of numbers. http://tiny.cc/dhozhz
Chapter 1
Logical thinking
5
2 You need to guess a number generated by the computer between 1 and 1,000,000 within 20 guesses. The computer will notify you if your guess is correct, too high or too low. Let’s say the computer chooses 652,125. Write down the numbers you will guess and the reply from the computer for each attempt.
Did you manage to guess the number within 20 guesses?
6
Computing Science Prathomsuksa
6
Calculating time taken for a journey 12 km
A
B
A cyclist cycles from point A to point B. If he cycles at the rate of 10 km/h, how much time will the cyclist take to cycle from point A to point B? Let’s use the steps to solve this problem. 1. Identifying the goal To find the time taken by the cyclist 2. Identifying the information The distance between point A and point B is 12 km. 3. Identifying the conditions given His speed is 10 km/h. 4. Identifying the logic In an hour, he cycles 10 km. To cycle 12 km, he will take more than 1 hour but less than 2 hours. 5. Identifying the solution 12 Time taken = x 60 minutes 10 = 72 minutes or 1 hour and 12 minutes However, if the cyclist takes a rest of 15 minutes during his journey, how much time will he take to finish the journey? Time taken = (
12 x 60 minutes) + 15 minutes 10
= 87 minutes or 1 hour and 27 minutes Speed = How fast we travel
= Distance covered in a unit of time or
Distance Time taken
Chapter 1
Logical thinking
7
Father drove from City A to City C passing through City B. He started his journey at 13.00 hours. He stopped at City B for a 30-minute lunch. A
30 km
45 km
C
B
If he drove at the speed of 90 km/h, what time would he reach City C? Let’s use the steps to solve this problem. 1. Identifying the goal To find the time Father reached City C 2. Identifying the information The distance between City A and City C is 75 km. He stopped for 30 minutes for lunch. 3. Identifying the conditions given His speed is 90 km/h. 4. Identifying the logic In an hour, he drove 90 km. To drive for 75 km without stopping, he would take less than 1 hour. 5. Identifying the solution 75 x 60 minutes 90 = 50 minutes
Time taken for driving =
Total time taken for the whole journey = 50 + 30 minutes = 80 minutes or 1 hour 20 minutes Father would reach City C at 14.20 hours.
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Computing Science Prathomsuksa
6
3 At 09.00 hours, Mimi’s mother is going to drive to Town M which is 250 km away. She plans to drive at 100 km/h. She also plans to take a 15-minute stop to rest for every hour she drives. Help Mimi to estimate her mother’s arrival time at Town M. 1. Identifying the goal
2. Identifying the information
3. Identifying the conditions given
4. Identifying the logic
5. Identifying the solution
Chapter 1
Logical thinking
9
Solving riddles Riddles are statements or questions that contain puzzles to solve. They can be confusing and tricky. Try these riddles. Riddle 1 A boy was 2 meters behind his sister. They were running at the same speed of 6 km/h on a beach. Their dog ran between them to and fro with a constant speed of 8 km/h. How far did the dog run in an hour? Let’s use the steps below to solve this problem. 1. Identifying the goal To find the distance the dog ran in an hour 2. Identifying the information The distance between the boy and the girl is 2 meters. Both of them were running at 6 km/h. 3. Identifying the conditions given The dog’s speed was 8 km/h. 4. Identifying the logic Where and how the dog ran does not affect the distance it covered in an hour as it ran with a constant speed. 5. Identifying the solution Distance covered by the dog in an hour = 8 x 1
= 8 km
If the boy and girl were running at 7 km/h and 8 km/h respectively, would this affect the distance covered by their dog in an hour?
10
Computing Science Prathomsuksa
6
Riddle 2 Danny’s family of five were in their car. They travelled for 300 km at the speed of 100 km/h. However, none of them noticed that their car had a flat tire. Could this be possible? Let’s use the steps below to solve this problem. 1. Identifying the goal To find out why no one noticed that the car had a flat tire 2. Identifying the information There were five persons in the car. They drove for 300 km at the speed of 100 km/h. 3. Identifying the conditions given The car had a flat tire. 4. Identifying the logic It is impossible not to notice a tire going flat while driving. The car will vibrate unusually with a loud flapping sound. In addition, it is not easy to control the car with a flat tire and it moves rather slower. It is very dangerous to drive with a flat tire. 5. Identifying the solution Every car has a spare tire. It is the spare tire that is flat.
Watch this video to get tips for handling a tire blowout while driving. http://tiny.cc/piozhz
Chapter 1
Logical thinking
11
BBRC6250_ComputingScienceP6_Final_CTP200120.pdf
1
20/1/2563 BE
10:16
BBRC6250
Literacy Skills
Communication Collaboration Critical Thinking Creativity
C
Primary Education Smart+
Information Literacy Media Literacy Technology Literacy
Learning Skills
M
Y
CM
MY
This series helps you to understand and apply computational thinking to solve daily problems in an orderly and systematic way.
CY
CMY
There are four parts in each book in this series: Solving daily problems using logical thinking and computational thinking Coding or writing simple computer programs
Prathomsuksa 6
K
Using ICT to collect, process and present data Evaluating information found online and using ICT safely
Based on the Basic Education Curriculum B.E. 2551 (Revised Edition B.E. 2560)
BBRC6250
885-87220-0316-6
8 858722 003166