The Pembroke Bullfrog, Issue 2, 1957

THE

PEMBROKE

BULLFROG

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THE

PEMBROKE BULLFROG being the periodical of THE J.C.R. PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD TRINITY

No. 2.

1957

Editor; G. 7. Finden.

Sub-Editors; R. Blow, R. Alder, L. Birbeck.

Business Manager; B. Wood.

Magazine Secretary; C. Grant.

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HEN BULLFROG appeared last year with its first edition there were not lacking critics, who stated that it was too short (too long), too serious (too flippant), too intellectual (not intellectual enough), while one man complained in the same sentence that it was both U and non-U. The knowledge that was gleaned from these opinions was that it is impossible to please everyone. We hope that this edition will please the majority of its readers. It is of value at this time to point out the objects of Bullfrog. These are to provide a record of all our activities in dubs and societies, together with a guide to forthcoming ones, while also including as large a selection of creative writing as is possible. There are some obvious changes in this edition, for it was desired to emphasise the fact that Bullfrog is the magazine of the J.C.R. As a result the Master's letter and the Bursar's article are no more. This is because it was felt that there had not been sufficient changes to justify a further article on the Senior Members of the College; while it was thought that with one article included on the history of the College, an article on the planned expansion of the College buildings would be of general interest, it was also thought that it might with profit be held over to the next edition, while those members of the College who are still in residence will be able to see the plans for themselves, by reading the notices that have been pasted to every lamp-post in Beef Lane to the delight of Pembroke, and the sorrow of the neighbouring dogs.

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The general criticism with which we felt some sympathy was that the last edition was 'too beery'. Accordingly we have tried to include articles of a type that are of interest to the majority of our readers and are not only interesting to the drinking set. Since Bullfrog last appeared there have been many events that have made an impact on the J.C.R. Not the least of these is the proposal of Her Majesty's government to test the hydrogen bomb.

Since this is a question on which the majority of the J.C.R. have formed, or are in the process of forming opinions, no excuse is offered or needed for the inclusion of three articles on this subject.

It has been said that the J.C.R. is divided into 250 members voicing 500 different opinions. While not agreeing with all the implications of this statement, we would suggest that it does show a healthy attitude to the problems of ethics and moral action. For we have for the most part decided our opinions on problems independent of the social conditioning of the national press. Bullfrog is not a political magazine but is designed to reflect the ideas and theories of the members of the J.C.R. and it was felt that it was essential to show how the College refused to adopt a uniform line on these problems and that it had worked out its own answers to them.

The problem of any undergraduate or college magazine is that of finance. It is possible to so increase prices that the magazine does not make a loss, but at the same time it is clearly undesirable to do this. Bullfrog is partially dependent on members of the College who have gone down to provide the necessary guarantees against a large loss. It is suggested that in the future the J.C.R. might consider taking over the Bullfrog and running it as its official magazine. It was agreed after the last and first appearance of Bullfrog that it was 'a good thing'. If this opinion is still held and it is desired that Bullfrog continues, it will be seen that if the J.C.R. were to adopt Bullfrog, at present nobody's child, the parent with its healthy financial state could see that its infant did not remain responsible for its own debts. Last year when Bullfrog was born and received the requisite hearty slap from the midwives on the editorial staff it surprised both itself and its tenders by developing into a healthy child with what amounted to a will of its own. This year in its preparation its will was still evident, but it was thought desirable not to confine future editors to any set pattern and allow them a free choice of subject matter and format as well as of policy. These remarks it is hoped will account for the differences between this edition and the last to the satisfaction of the profuse authors in the J.C.R. Suggestions Books.

Besides those articles that have been already referred to, there have been continued accounts of the actions of those members of the J.C.R. who do not occur in the section that states who has been awarded a blue and for what. For Bullfrog is the magazine of the solitary drinker as much as it is that of the Boat Club. And our activities in Clubs and Societies are not confined to the more obviously successful but are within the College itself and are within the reach of all.

We hope that you will all like the new Bullfrog and that you will help to preserve it, in particular those who are going down this year since they are those who we hope will finance it next year. In conclusion we hope that you will all enjoy the Eights Week Dance: and we wish all who will be returning next term an enjoyable long vacation, and to those who will not be returning, we wish success in the big and frightening world outside. G. J.F.

THOSE PRESENT Bullfrog states with regret that having neither Chesser nor Kinsey to report upon the desires and activities of the Pemmy undergraduates, its account will be unable to describe their private perversions and will consist of their public deviations. Since Bullfrog last warbled its croaking song there has been a revolution in the college. Concurrent with the cleaning of the buildings was the cleaning of the more hirsuite of the scholars whose appearance had long troubled the more sensitive of the commoners at their breakfasts. The one beard that has sprouted this year was a sorry affair of struggling hairs and straggling appendages. There is however the established defence mechanism of John Barlow that puts all rivals to shame. A second revolt came in the new crap movement led by Tony Stanford, this school bade fair to rival at one stage the floating and long established liar-dice school that had previously supplemented John Otway's income. Hearing of this our wild colonial boy, Art Kroeger, hopefully produced some poker chips at a meeting of the bridge club only to be reminded of what happened to the notorious Stackolee.

Now we are given to understand that George Hoskin is waxing fat on his roulette wheel.

The attitudes of members of the College do not seem to change, Keith Fell's wrath has not departed with the going down of the sun of Lionel Needleman and he still condemns the whole of the non-Fellian part of the University as snob and reactionary. As a result he has been elected to membership of the Voltaire Society.

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His fellow scholar, John Warburton, believing that work is the curse of the drinking classes, is rumoured to be making a book on his chances of getting a degree. So far he has found that public confidence in the charm of his personality is less effective than private reports of his industry. Our large and hairy sportsmen continue in the masochistic experiments, those who have been most successful in this respect numbering amongst them Dick Bibby who for a week graced the college with two lovely black eyes, other invalids were Robbie van Smit who bent a knee at Cambridge and Roy Vernon who failed to bend his at Ziirs.

Don Taylor continues to grow his hair, but was forced to sacrifice jeans for dinner jacket for his E.T.C. production of the "Epitaph to George Dillon".

Our sincere good wishes went to Paul Hindle, and Joel Smith, Dick Lugar, Colin Taylor, David Curril, Steve Shipley, Colin Wiggins and Bill Mandle when they got married and will also go to Roy Chivers, Colin Grant, Charles Sanderson, Peter McConnel, Oliver Dickson and George van Rossum who have all announced that they plan to marry. We believe that since Peter McConnel proclaimed his intentions in The Times he has received five furniture catalogues, three booklets with plain covers and four square inches of sample carpet. • In the intellectual world we congratulate Messrs. Winterbottom, Harding, Carswell, Snaith and. Mandle on their firsts in Schools and Geoff Lewis on his first in Mods. We are given to, understand that Bill Mandle is now devoting the best three years of his life at St. Antony's to the six weeks of the Short Parliament.

Others who have been successful in this way are Nick Round who has won a travel scholarship, Peter Gillibrand, Ted Barnes and J. G. Snaith with their awards of the Sterling, Wakefield and Derbyshire prizes respectively.

In the sporting world into which Bullfrog rarely wanders, there have been some exceptional performances that deserve special mention here though they are more fully covered elsewhere. In particular that of John Metcalfe who won two events in the match against Cambridge at the White City and was also, awarded the trophy for the best individual performance. Bob Barret was reawarded his blue for rowing urged on by the loud voice of Arshad Said who coxed him.

Among elections we note that: — Peter Glazebrook is Prtsident of the Society of the Bibliophiles.

Charles Sanderson is Treasurer of the Economic Society.

Brian Frost is Secretary of the Student Christian Movement.

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Stanley Todd was Secretary of the Cosmos and United Nations Club.

Gospatric Home was President of the English Club.

Cedric Moppett was Chairman of the Scout and Guide Group, we hope that he will not alwys spend one half of his time at St. Hugh's.

Dick Thomas is still being elected* to various positions, for those who are interested he will provide a detailed list, those that spring to mind are his Treasurership of the Labour Club and his position on the Union Library Committee. Perhaps the most meritorious however was the election of Revan Tranter to a vice-presidency of the Labour Club, a position that he shares with two professors, the leader of the Labour Party, two wouldbe leaders of the Labour Party and some ordinary M.P.s.

Rudolph D'Mello is at long last Secretary of the Union and if he stays on a fourth year will probably climb the Union ladder to absolute power.

As president of the Iona Society Bill Brockie wears his kilt through hail and storm and refuses even to think about Bishops.

In shorts we learn that Peter Ball was suddenly transferred from Cherwell to Isis, that Gerry Lamming has grown a half-inch and that Albert can now walk back from the Farmers after two pints. The soccer freshmen terrify the College as Messrs. Birkbeck, Beswick, Toomey and Thompson wend their wavy way, while Bob Blow is said to be wondering whether he could hire himself out as a spare siren for use on coasters. Norman Swift attacked a policeman in Trafalgar Square and stroked a beautiful dog at the Trout when the Proctors called. He says it was a beautiful dog, everybody else was under the impression that it was John Warburton. John says that he thought that if he disguised himself as a Boxer the Proctors might not recognise him. They did. Alan Grant wet a policeman before the start of term and was the first man to be rusticated that term. Andreis Cilliers continues to uphold the Traditions of moral right while Peter Turner fights against him from the room opposite.

This years collection of dramatic freshmen contains Timothy Giffin and Mike Simpson. Timothy plays character parts while Mike is looking for a part to play. The chapel group we are told are praying hard under the leadership of Billy Graham Ellis.

Julian Crispin lost his glasses and narrowly escaped being run over by David Curril.

The most sought-after man in college at present is Mr. Pittman who it is hoped will use his influence as Secretary of the Society 7

of Change Ringers to curb the exuberance of his rivals at St. Aldates so that the College might sleep on in peace on Sunday mornings and work on in peace on Monday evenings. If he does not do so there are threats to treat him as another bellringer was treated at Dagenham.

THOSE PASSED Information on past members of the College is scanty and we would like to take this opportunity of appealing to all those who have any information of any general interest to let us know, so that it might be included in the next edition of Bullfrog.

We have however learned that Ian Semple is making a pilgrimage to the World Centre of Bahai Faith in Israel this May. Modern pilgrimages are made by aeroplane and not by the old fashioned methods of foot and penitence. He plans to return in the same way.

C. J. Murtagh is at the Venerabile Collegio Inglesi at Rome while we are told that B. Chestle is thinking of becoming a Jesuit.

Another traveller is David Byron who has gone to the Union of South Africa with his family.

Several members of the College are pursuing academic careers.

Of these it is known that D. Rudd has an Assistant-Lectureship in Russian at Liverpool University and that he may be returning to Oxford soon to read for a diploma of education. Bill Dorey still uses the J.C.R. in spite of wearing an M.A. gown while Michael Burton-Brown is an assistant house-master at Rugby.

Another Pembroke man, at the time of the last edition lost in Florida, is Derek Diamond; he has married and taking advantage of a temporary appointment with the Food and Agricultural Organisation has gone to Glasgow to read for a D.Phil. Jack Smart is said to be teaching in Gloucestershire while a visitor from Emmanuel, Ronald Lorrimer has started to teach after taking a Dip.Ed. here.

Still in Oxford are Bill Mandle, at St. Antony's, and Messrs.

McKinney, Oldrieve and Tombs at the Radcliffe Hospital. Also at a hospital is Roger Dee who is at the Middlesex.

In the world of entertainment Paddy Nolan appeared in Loser Takes All as the croupier, Barrie Bowen is reported to be going for a film test, while Brian Bevan in intervals between working for Monotype and planning to get married is hoping to do some more television work.

The local graduate Benedikt S. Benedikt appeared at the Farmers one night in Michaelmas Term and was later prevented 8

from appearing in the J.C.R. He is now a librarian at London University and it is certain that the Icelandic section will benefit under his care.

Among the colonials and emigrants Phil Davies is tea-planting in Ceylon, while Dick Lugar is running the state of Ohio and planning to be elected as President of the equivalent of its J.C.R. Michael Stott who was forced to retire from the rugby field last season is now concentrating his efforts on market research. A man who has a job that will draw the envy of all Pemmy men is Peter Ball who is a trainee for the makers of Guinness. He tells us that Guinness is as good for him as it is for you.

Those Pembroke men who have attained national recognition of their efforts include: E. D. Butler, C.B.E.; H. J. Hamblen, C.B.E.; G. P. Harger, O.B.E.; J. R. Marshall, O.B.E.; C. T, Quinn-Young, O.B.E. All of whom were honoured in the New Year and the Birthday Honours Lists of 1955.

WILD COLONIAL BOY

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HE title of this article was the invention of the Editor, to whom I replied with the standard rude remark I have had to devise for such occasions over the past eight months. I intend to pay no further attention to it and advise the reader to do the same. This article, I am told, is to contain a few random thoughts by a Canadian student who has come to Oxford, and to Pembroke College at that. For these, too, I will not be held responsible.

Now, there have been Canadian students in Oxford for some years. The trouble is that there have never been enough of them for Oxonians to become fully aware of this. They are in fact a bit of an oddity, and usually accorded a somewhat uncertain reception—something between the hostility reserved for Americans, and the warmth inspired by a tangible example of the Old Imperial Tie. The Canadian in his turn must get used to institutions like the Scout, dinner jackets and gowns on High Table, getting into college by midnight, and the fact that it is no longer necessary for him to get a haircut every two weeks. He must also accustom himself to the fact that everything in Oxford—with the exception of Keble, but then nobody talks about that—is very old; that things which are: new are not to be boasted about, but are at best to be tolerated on condition that they become old as soon as possible. Everything is also very historic. To show a proper nonchalance about this is difficult enough for the American, who normally thinks of history as beginning in 1777; for the 9

Canadian it is almost impossible, since Canada has no history at all that he is aware of. In this he is similar to his English colleagues.

I must of course say something about the tutorial system.

Everybody does. One must understand the tutorial system before one can understand Oxford. I found that nobody goes to lectures in Oxford; they are dull, boring, and superfluous, whereas in other universities they are dull, boring, and compulsory.

Also, "courses" do not exist here; there are things called "papers" instead, and I have been assured that there is a great difference.

As everybody knows, the heart of the tutorial system is the essay, but the term does not have quite the same denotation here, and a failure to understand this fact could kill the average Canadian student in a matter of weeks. To him, an essay is a young thesis, carefully compiled (with footnotes and bibliography) from a set of notes that he has collected from many reference books.

The writing of one takes him something less than a month. It is thus therefore a trifle unnerving for him to find that he must write two essays a week for his tutors.

It is the frequency with which essays must be written that explains why the term "essay crisis" has a greater currency in Oxford than anywhere in the world (with the possible exception of what Oxonians, in the tones of the saints in Paradise, refer to as "the other place"). An undergraduate who has not left himself enough time for the writing of his essay, or who has failed to acquire the necessary minimum of information, is said to be having an essay crisis and is not generally held to be accountable for his actions. The threat of essay crises hangs over one perpetually, constituting what is known as academic discipline, and can only be avoided by one of three methods : receiving a very simple assignment, which is unlikely; avoiding going to the tutorial which is impossible; or by writing the essay in less time than it can be written in, which is absurd.

The essay being written, it must be taken to your tutor's rooms, but instead of handing it in to be marked, you must stay and read it aloud to him, despite the fact that the ink on the last pages may not yet be dry. This method does however give one the opportunity—in some cases it is an absolute necessity—for on-the-spot revision and reorganization, and I am secretly convinced that it is the tutorial system, and not the celebrated Oxford Union, that explains why Oxford has produced such a large number of brilliant extempore speakers.

But all good things must come to an end, and after several years of tutorials, punting, politics, sherry parties, and trips to 10

the Continent to make him appreciate England, the Canadian student must "go down"—a term which surely no other university could get away with applying to itself with the same confident ease. Now, the Canadian student who has "been to Oxford" is apt to be looked on with mingled feelings by his countryman, and with good reason. Some come back with an air of smug intellectual superiority. Some come back with a "cult-u-and" manner and the thick type, of Oxford accent that can only be found in Cambridge SCRs. Others bring back a sort of missionary zeal, and a few, an improved understanding of what Europe is about. The rest do not come back at all, which is probably just as well.

Of those who do, their acquired mannerisms are soon effaced by time and they settle down to doing their job just like everybody else. No, not just like them. It is impossible to say in what ways they will be different; Oxford does not influence any two people in the same way. But no one can come to Oxford and not have it leave its mark on him, nor can he go down without feeling that his intellect has been stimulated and his experience uniquely enriched. Perhaps that is why they call it the greatest university A. KROEGER. in the world.

Presidential Prattle

HEN asked by the editor to write for Bullfrog I enquired what kind of stuff he wanted. He replied that he wanted my ideas. I did not like to tell him that I had no ideas, but instead began to think.

My first action was to study the last edition of Bullfrog and the words of the President of that time. From this I acquired 11

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little inspiration because I have never been a member of an American University Campus Government, and so far have done so little for the J.C.R. The reason I have done so little is of course that I have been in office for such a short time. We have bought a new set of croquet equipment, and ordered new curtains for the J.C.R. I do hope that everyone will like them when they do appear, but I suppose that would be impossible.

For the future I feel that it would be unwise to commit myself too deeply. We would all like to see new carpets in the J.C.R. and perhaps a few decent coffee tables. They will come as soon as we can comfortably afford to buy them, so that in six months time I look forward to relaxing in a Common Room which will be as pleasing to the eye with its gay decor, as I find it easy on the limbs with the arm chairs at present.

At long last it appears that legendary figure of the beer cellar may be coming to life. Men who have been in residence longer than I care to think, tell me they were promised a beer cellar in their first term, and that they have been living in expectation ever since. Well if they are prepared to stay up a further month I do believe that they will see the Pembroke Beer Cellar inaugarated. At the last J.C.R. meeting a select committee of experienced commoners was appointed to find a suitable young lady to perform the opening ceremony. The cellar itself looks cosy enough, but where a bar-billiards table would go I know not, and to play darts in such cramped conditions would be positively dangerous, unless the standard of play were to improve. It is rumoured that the cellar will be extended but that this will not happen for many generations. Apart from the actual size of the cellar there are several problems to be discussed and solved: with regard to times of opening, the different beers to be sold, and whether food will be available at lunch-time. But these can wait until next term if necessary, let us get in the beer cellar as soon as possible, even if it only be for half an hour before lunch and half an hour before Hall for the remainder of the Trinity term.

One topic which I feel concerns every member of the college is the forthcoming Eights Week Dance. I hope that you are all thinking of coming. In the past the dance has been the outstanding feature by which the College was known to outsiders. In fact before coming up someone asked me which was to be my College.

When I replied Pembroke, he said "Oh yes, they have an excellent Eights Week Dance". It would be a pity to lose this reputation, and now that the dates of Eights Week have been changed many oarsmen cannot come, thus it is essential that you all bring 12

a party to the Dance to ensure that it is as successful as it has always been in the past.

In conclusion I would like to say that the officers of the J.C.R. —Alan Grant as Secretary, John Lyon as Treasurer, David Terry as Food Member, Roger Alder as Television Member, Roger Huband as Maintenance Member and George Rigg as President of the Art Committee, will all try to keep you happy and satisfied, but please remember that we are only ordinary humans before putting your pens to the suggestions books.

D. L. PRITCHARD.

ON BOMBS `You've got to be taught before it's too late, Before you are six, seven or eight, To hate all the people your relatives hate.

You've got to be carefully taught . . .'

(South Pacific) N attempting to justify the testing and use of nuclear weapons, little consideration has been given to the claims of Christian morality. The implications of this problem are so great that most people try to shut out this aspect from their minds and, like the Archbishop of Canterbury, refuse to pass judgement because of the ignorance of the scientific facts. But while there is a certain justification for reserving judgement on political or scientific grounds, there can surely be none on Christian grounds. In 1948 the World Council of Churches, meeting in Amsterdam, passed a resolution that War is contrary to the Will of God'—but they did not go further and condemn preparation for war, that attitude of mind which places national sovereignty above one's duty to God, and sees in the belief in deterrence and threats of mutual self-destruction the fulfillment of the command 'Love your enemies". For one cannot love and hate at the same time—these are mutually exclusive, and it is in the conditioning of men's minds to think of these matters in purely political and scientific terms that the root of the problem lies.

It will be no use banning nuclear weapons or calling disarmament conferences as long as there is no attempt to bridge this gap of suspicion between the two sides and until we see that war, which we recognise as evil, is being staved off only by the persistent practice of evil. At least we must be clear in our own minds that if we accept the nuclear basis of our defence we cannot justify this under any concept of Christian morality, for can we claim that God could ever say to us, 'With whatever repugnance,

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you must do evil for my sake'? When has suspicion bred trust, or fear love? It is only too easy to dismiss, as idealistic wishful thinking, proposals to rethink this whole matter in terms of Christian belief, but can we claim ignoring Christian principles has brought us greater security? The claims of expediency can cover any situation to the satisfaction of governments and peoples, for it offers the hope of postponing moral decisions.

What has been reached now is a point where the taking of this decision to rethink our whole attitude to war cannot be postponed much longer, for it is not an exaggeration to say that it may soon be too late. It is not from governments that the lead will come but from individuals and the churches who realize that not only war but also the preparation for war, and the conditioning of our whole way of life towards the acceptance of wars, cannot be justified on religious grounds. It would not be an easy way, but Christianity has never offered itself as an easy option.

What faces us now is the choice. between co-existence or noexitence, and to achieve co-existence and peace a beginning must be made by taking seriously the risk of loving one's enemies.. It will be said that this is a dangerous simplification, and that it will fail; but it is not a case of being tried and found wanted but simply of not having been tried. When Christ was on the Cross he said, 'Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do'. Is it to be said of us, 'Father forgive them; for they know what they do'?

HYDROGEN BOMBS

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HE QUESTION of the ultimate manufacture and the immediate testing of the hydrogen bomb is one that has been approached from every standpoint except that of calm reason. So many emotional pleas and pseudo-scientific facts have been put forward that the whole matter is one that is bedevilled by false information and idealistic exaggeration. There are a number of unoriginal ideas that if stated calmly remove these clouds of confusion and fear.

Firstly then, the government of any country is responsible for the defence of that country and it is failing in its duty to' its people should it leave it unarmed or so far behind other countries in its arms potential that it will be unable to carry out the role that is necessary for it either historically or politically. No government should be afraid to act because of world pressure or of vociferous pressure from minority groups inside its own country.

The best way to prevent a global war is to' localise it. As is recog14

nised in the government's new defence policy this aim is most likely to be achieved by ensuring that the great powers are so governed by mutual fear, that they will hesitate to attack or send volunteers for fear that the other powers will unleash the more terrible power of the hydrogen weapon.

The second advantage that will be gained through the testing of this weapon is the deterrent power that will be gained as a result. In a world where truth and honour are liable to be redefined at a central congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union it is clearly necessary that any country is able to defend itself against the consequences of any such redefinition.

Great Britain is a major power whether we like the fact or not and the safety of the Commonwealth in an age of potential global war is linked with the defence of the original islands. Concurrently with this, should we possess the weapon we will be able to pursue a policy independent of the U.S.A. That power would prevent any repetition of the actions of Nasser-types, for had we possessed the bomb in August the Egyptian dictator would not have dared to seize the Suez Canal.

Thirdly what are likely to be the first results of the testing of this weapon? It seems that the scientists can show that about 69 people, mostly Japanese, will die from the after-effects of radioactive fallout. This is a very small price to pay if it will prevent the death and desolation of millions. Any government is bound to choose the safety of its own people and of the whole world when its choice is put in this way. The oriental mentality faces death in a different light to the occidental and the fatalism that is inherent within it is a good reason for the siting of the test in the Christmas Island group in the Pacific. It might also be argued that the Japanese tortured and murdered millions of innocent people in the last global war and that if any race is to suffer in order to prevent another, they are the best qualified to do so. The sacrificing of 69 unhappy lives for the benefit of humanity is a level that is but rarely offered to man to prove his essential goodness and should we refuse to take this chance to safeguard the peace of the world, we will be responsible for the ending of the world.

The Hydrogen Bomb Controversy DON'T think about the H-bomb it is so unpleasant." That might be any sweet young thing in any of Oxford's rash of coffee spots. The most frightening aspect of this issue is the blase unconcern of so many people. "It is just those. noisy

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political dubs having a splash of publicity again." But are we right to dismiss the issue so easily?

The favourite argument of those who would continue with the tests is that given the red menace', in the H-bomb lies the best hope of world peace. "Remember Hungary", we are warned.

Now no one would deny the warlike potential and even attitude of the Russian block, but too many people are guilty of the fallacy of fear. That we are re-arming because we are afraid of the Russians is commonly agreed, but that the Russians are genuinely afraid of us is too often forgotten. In the question of western strategy we must remember this and two other salient points. First, that the Russians will be no more willing to enter into a world war in which everyone and everything would be destroyed than we are. Second, the greatest fear of the west should be of creeping communism in the under-developed nations which must be combatted not only by economic assistance but by re-winning the moral leadership of the world.

Few would seek to gainsay the notion that the H-bomb is a deterrent, but many would deny the need for Britain to possess the bomb and the reasoning that the posession of the so-called ultimate deterrent is the surest means to a peaceful world. Much as one may regret the dependence of this country on America, it must be accepted as a fact. It is difficult to imagine any situation in which Britain would risk using the H-bomb independently of the U.S. The atomic tactical weapons are the only weapons which this country might risk in one of the so-called fringe conflicts, though this doctrine is by no means free from objection.

Now this is not shrugging off the responsibility onto American shoulders. America has the bomb and in the interim period whilst efforts to secure a gradual and accepted arms reduction are redoubled, the American bomb does give us the protection of the deterrent. If we are to argue that we cannot be safe unless we possess the H-bomb, this is an open invitation to all the countries of the world to take up the same position, and with the increase in the number of possessor nations, both the dangerous effects of the explosions and the impossibility of reaching an agreement on nuclear disarmament will be increased. The logical result of such an argument is to' place one's faith for world peace in the possession by each nation of a stock-pile of H-bombs.

"What", we might argue, "would have been the result if Nasser had had the bomb?"

Those of us who, oppose the testing of the British bomb as a preparatory step to the abolition of the manufacture of nuclear weapons as part of a phased unilateral programme of disarmament 16

believe that in such a course lies the best hope of world peace.

Some nation must attempt to call a halt to this spiral of mass suicide. The British government is at the moment placed in a position in which it could take the lead in this attempt to secure a nuclear dĂŠtente. The risk is almost non-existent for the American bomb is there to provide the deterrent. The call for the complete abolition of the hydrogen bomb by this country, a reversal of the policy initiated by the Labour government in 1950, would be the obvious step. But given the impossibility of such a result being achieved, the first step must be postponment of the British H-bomb test.

The postponement of the British H-bomb test for a token period of, say, six months, would involve no hardships to anyone and the Prime Minister's answer that such a course of action would mean that they would never be held seems to admit this by default. At small price and little risk the British nation could regain the moral leadership of the world, and, using this gesture as a central guiding force, lead the Disarmament Committee out of its present meandering morass.

It is difficult for a layman to enter the controversy on the effects on world health of the continuation of these tests. But two things are clear; there is general agreement that the effects of the explosions have the potentiality to harm health; secondly, there is a wide divergence of opinion and doubt as to the extent of this danger. Some reports speak of a threshold of danger and argue that we are a long way from this point, whilst many eminent scientists and bodies of scientists, including our own atomic scientists' association, deny the doctrine of the threshold and warn that the deaths from leukameia and bone cancer as a result of each explosion may well run into thousands. Faced by this doubt, it may be argued that in seeking salvation through strength in deterrent power we are in fact letting death in not by frontal assault but by the back door of a poisoned atmosphere.

No civilised nation can face this possibility without taking the utmost pains and even risks to play its part in saving the world from this thermo-nuclear hell. If Britain postpones this test as a preparatory step to complete abolition, we can play our part in forging the plans for disarmamanet on which the very future of our civilisation depends. Explode it, and we become a third rate thermo-nuclear power trailing in the wake of Russia and America to universal destruction.

17

GOONS, GOWNS AND CHEESECAKE

S

INCE last this Pemmy Bullfrog croaked fresh from the printer's pool the Establishment has received from these aged walls a new squad of eager beavers trying to find fame, fortune, or happiness in the big world outside. There was 'industry' or the Civil Service, the Ministry or the prep. school, with just enough for self, a wife and a small shop in the High; Oxford, a city to whom one owes so much. No doubt it was all worth it. Aged aunt, parent or local education authority has poured forth the crowns to make it all possible and the going down with the white rabbit makes it all end nicely, like a reserved seat on the train back from Biaritz. Dare one ask in a hushed whisper : Did they learn anything of any consequence whatsoever while they were here? It could be maintained that they did not.

It seems that the larger part of the university is happy for the most part. This is a bad sign, for it is a sign that they do not think. Those who do' think and are therefore unhappy while in the university, go down, work like slaves, take to drink or commit suicide. The outcome being that they stop themselves thinking as soon as is possible. Not only is it evident to them that thinking is the greatest perversion known to Man, but that it is a barrier to all success and in our present society akin to the more insidious forms of subversion. If, however, they should still be troubled by the world and have not the money or the courage to visit a psychiatrist they can on the one hand sweat it out with the strong in limb or pray it out with the strong in heart. Whatever they do they must rid themselves of this cancer within, and then go away and forget it ever happened. The Establishment wins and everyone breathes a sigh of relief. Another potential long-haired intellectual has gone to see his barber.

There are a few people to whom this compromise seems to be the worst possible bad faith and self deception. They want to scream from the rooftops that the world is deceiving itself. It is to be expected that the world would not listen. It did not listen to Christ. It is not listening now to those who want peace in the world. The world has a way of dealing with people who wish to change it. But it deals with them before they begin to scream their message. Perhaps someone might listen, and then the game would be all over. We can see in our own society the way in which the thinking is stopped. There are the approved ways out; the playing field and the Church. Or there is the approach through bribery; 'this will not help you to earn your two thousand a year'. 'We would all, of course, like to be pacifists' 18

(though this seems highly improbable! ); 'of course I don't believe in angels really'; 'actually I think Bevan is a good man', but it just pays to say one votes in the right way, it pays to go to church, it pays not to have been a conscientious objector. If this is not enough anaesthetic for the budding prophet then there is the direct attack. Smear him. If he will not come quietly into the Establishment he must be crushed. Smear him as an angry young man. Use the word "intellectual" so as to leave a nasty brown taste in the month. This will frighten the less sure away from his company. He will weaken and go away, or he might in his lonely garret write a book and if it should sell he will find the bosom of compromise in his publisher's parties. "They" will have won.

Perhaps if those who were happy, who stopped thinking much sooner, learnt only while they were here to deceive themselves successfully they had learnt something of the greatest consequence. They were on the side of the angels and the barbers; their reward will be this side of heaven.

K. W. FELL.

Pembroke Art Collection .

T is not in order for one Art Committee to sit in judgement on its predecessors but Ce 7 perhaps the passing of the first decade of the collection's exist✓ ence gives some excuse for a sur&— vey. The difficulty in this is that the collection has no general characteristic except diversity, for even the three or four members of one year's commitee seldom seem to have had a policy.

The casual observer is in for some pleasant surprises, and not a few shocks, as a result of the varied nature of the collection.

It is pleasantly surprising, for .6. instance, to find three Pipers —a watery landscape, a glowing country church and a delicate sketch for the new windows at Llandaff. It is surprising to' find. Van Gogh's 'Landscape with Cypresses' in the catalogue, and for some decidedly shocking to find that it is not only a print but that each term it has as many votes as any of the Pipers. On this 19

evidence alone it would be hard to claim that the formation of an art collection has greatly influenced undergraduate taste. But this, we may hope, was not the original aim. Rather it was to bring art, and especially modem art, to people's notice and to encourage young artists. It is arguable whether a committee is justified in encouraging an artist as successful as Bacon, especially at so high a price, but it is the price to be paid for the committee's freedom. Certainly a work like Power House brings itself, if not art, to notice.

What is the chief effect of an art collection? This at least should be growing apparent by now. Each term the J.C.R. has to live with a selection of a dozen paintings, and it is this fact that seems to have the greatest influence. At each ballot more people seem to be trying to win a painting, frequently one they have seen hanging in the J.C.R. and have come to appreciate.

A 'difficult' painting put into an otherwise unobjectionable hanging, has the effect of stimulating argument, members of the committee generally defending their predecessors' choices whatever their personal feelings might be.

The present committee is trying to acquire storage accommodation to prevent further damage to canvases. As regards hanging, it claims to have a consistent policy, and will doubtless find a policy to explain the choice of new works. It welcomes criticism and even suggestions and undertakes to defend any work in the collection without notice. But, please, look at the wretched things E.R.B. before you complain.

FOUNDATIONS

T

HE enlargement of the College in the next few years follows a traditional pattern because Pembroke has grown up within its remarkably well-defined boundaries on many other academic foundations. It seems appropriate, while Beef Lane is still open, and before we actually extend our frontiers, to review some of the more interesting features of the foundations.

The academic tenements which once covered the area were, from East to West, Segrym's Houses (later to become the Wolsey Almshouse, now the Master's lodging), New College and Abingdon Chambers which stood next to each other covering most of the present Old Quadrangle, Broadgates Hall itself in the area of the College library, Cambey's lodgings on the site of the Old Master's House, Minote or St. John's Hall on the Senior Common Room, St. James' and Michael's Hall and Beef Hall, where the rest of the New Quadrangle stands and finally Wyld's Entry 20

SITE OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE Penyfarthing or Crow (Pembroke) Street Old Houses and Halls

Beef Hall Lane Wylde's Entry

Beef Hall

Roo ms Mi ne Michael H. Ha 11

New Hall

Dunstan Hall

Parish Boundary

Milk or Littlegate (St. Ebbe's) Street

and Halls

ISt. Aldate's Church I Cambey's House

Hamel i Refectory I .4 0 Broadg at e s Hall Old Quadra ngle ao

Fellows' Garden Masters' Garden

o o Little or Water Gate

Churchyard

Cha el 1732

no bp

411.

QQ

fd

171 0 .1:1 0 U•,1 PI U)

Wolsey Almshouse

z

•4 Town Wall Town Wall King Street, alias Lombard, Pudding, or Slaying Lane (Brewers Street) The dotted lines and names in italics indicate the later changes

b

Fish(St. Aldate's) Street

Nun Hall

Old Houses

0 South Gate

and Dunstan Hall, which were on the site of the Buttery and Dining Hall.

Broadgates was obviously the most flourishing for it was able to rent Abingdon Chambers as early as 1485. Thirteen years later New College Chambers had been rented as well. So by the end of the fifteenth century Broadgates has spread itself over the area of the Old Quadrangle. In 1517 Cambey's lodging were rebuilt for the use of Broadgates' Scholars and Minote Hall was rented in 1575. Nun Hall belonged to Broadgates at this time, and it appears to have stood on the South side of Pembroke Street, which will soon form the North wing of the newest quadrangle. By 1612 the Hall had 131 members all told. Only six colleges were larger.

Broadgates had the reputation at this time for being the "Oldest of the Halls"; this cannot be discussed here but it is clear that it was ready for incorporation as a properly endowed College from the beginning of the seventeenth century. The story of the actual foundations of the College is curious. Thomas Teasdale who died in 1610 left ÂŁ5,000 in trust to be employed for the maintenance of seven fellows and six scholars at Balliol, and failing that, "University College or some other College within the University". Bishop Abbot of London, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury was one of his trustees, and as a fellow of Balliol, of which his brother was Master, and as he had also been Master of University College, he was obviously as interested as Teasdale in ensuring that the bequest reached one of these two. The benefaction was closely linked with Roysse's Grammar School at Abingdon, therefore the town was a further interested party.

Between 1610 and 1624 Caesar's Lodgings, an annexe of Balliol were set aside for the first six scholars from Abingdon.

Balliol considered by 1616 that the foundation was an accomplished fact and a year later elected an undistinguished country clergyman, John Parkhurst, to their mastership because he had married the daughter of a cousin of Teasdale. It is impossible to say whether this was due to' a desire to keep the legacy or whether it was out of gratitude, but it certainly shows that Balliol could not afford to turn the bequest down because its conditions were unpalatable, as one contemporary Abingdonian suggested, in atempting to smooth over the transfer of the bequest to Pembroke.

It was not until 1623 however, when Richard Wightwicke offered to add three fellows and four scholars to the Balliol legacy that any suggestion of a new College was made.

Balliol had apparently acted rather rashly in spending money before the negotiations with Abingdon were fully approved by 22

Archbishop Abbott. It is possible that this, taken in conjunction with the fact that the total legacy was now sufficient to found a new College, turned the scales against the continuance of the bequest to Balliol. Moreover it seems likely, as Wightwicke (a Balliol man himself) and the citizens of Abingdon encouraged the idea of a new foundation, that advice had by now been received from no less a source than the King himself. James the First took a deep interest in academic affairs and was anxious that his name should be linked with the foundation of a College.

With the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Pembroke, who was Chancellor of the University and Lord Chamberlain of the King's household, to advise him, it is hardly surprising that the bequests should have been transferred.

The theory of royal intervention is borne out by later events.

One of the first acts of the Master of Pembroke was to sue in Chancery for the recovery of the ÂŁ300 already advanced to Balliol. Although the case came before Lord Keeper Coventry (himself a Balliol man), Pembroke won this action. Archbishop Abbot then proceeded to help Balliol out by paying the ÂŁ300 out of his own pocket, which looks as if he felt guilty. Whatever the rights and wrongs of the case were, it is quite clear that Broadgates deserved its incorporation. Doctor Clayton who was appointed Principal in 1620 had, within a few weeks of his appointment obtained contributions for an expansion scheme.

Among contributors was the great-great-great-grandmother of George Washington, whose family had strong connections with the College. The transverse section of the present library had just been built when Broadgates became Pembroke. Although the South wing of the Old Quadrangle, which rests on the city wall, the West and part of the East wing were built in 1624, the old frontage on the North side remained until 1673, when the building was continued.

Loggan's print placing the Tower in the centre of this wing probably represents the original plan, but in fact while the wing itself was completed by 1691 the Tower was not erected for a further three years. It is said that in 1830 the foundations for such. a central Tower were found, so it looks as if a shortage of funds made it necessary to complete the quadrangle before the building of the traditional Tower and lodge could be embarked upon. It is curious that, once again, 333 years later, an increase in our numbers preceeds the well-laid plans for expansion on other old foundations.

G. D. L. R. HOME. 23

COLLEGE 'SCANDAL' T is two years now since the Sir Thomas Browne Society put on a fullscale production. This has certainly not been through lack of talent, although the finding of a producer is always a difficult task. The main factor has been lack of finance. It was therefore a compromise agreeable to all sides when the College dramatic society decided to join up with the John Ford Society of Exeter College for a production of R. B. Sheridan's 'The School for Scandal', presented at the Commercial Hall during the third week of Trinity Term.

The choice of the play called forth some criticism in the correspondence columns of The Cherwell. It was labelled unoriginal and unexciting and unworthy of the talents of the two societies.

This criticism is difficult to understand. True Sheridan's plays bear no deep significance and throw little light on the more profound problems of our age. True that as far as theatricals are concerned, nothing very revolutionary was attempted. But what does this matter? Are we no longer to stage the comedies of Moliere or the lesser comedies of Shakespeare because superficially they lack profundity? Are we to turn the College Dramatic Society into an Experimental Theatre Club, going in only for the unusual and the unheard of? As long as those participating enjoy the production and benefit by the experience, and so long as the audience is satisfied, the dramatic society must be said to have fulfilled its purpose.

There can be no doubt in my mind that all those present at the performance that I saw, both actors and audience, thoroughly enjoyed the production. The Commercial Hall, as its name suggests, does not exactly provide model facilities for the presentation of anything, let alone plays. In fact this was the last College production to be presented there, since the building has been sold and thus the finding of a hall has been made more difficult than ever. Much credit must go to those behind the scenes for the ingenuity shown in building the set. An apron stage gave the play the intimacy that it required so that an aside from an actor really was an aside for once and none of the characters had any trouble in taking us into their confidence. An entrance from the back of the hall down the centre aisle was used to good effect.

There was no curtain so that scene-shifting, consisting mostly of the skilful deployment of furniture and the occasional addition of vases and paintings, was carried out by servants dressed for their part. Period music was provided by recordings made by some Exeter instrumentalists and even 'God save the Queen' sounded like a trill from a minuet.

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The play requires a high degree of acting ability and, on the whole, the cast are to be congratulated on their performances.

Resplendent in their finery and powdered wigs, the actors moved gracefully and confidently through intrigue and counter-intrigue, scandal and counter-scandal. Mr. Tim Gillin and Mr. Brian LeGeyt both gave good performances as Joseph and Charles Surface.

Joseph's 'Sentiments' were delivered with grace and charm and yet his hypocrisy always remained evident. Charles drank his beer and sold the family portraits with delightful abandon but was less happy in the final scene of the play. Mr. Michael Simpson gave a competent performance as Crabtree, while Mr. Peter Turner gave an uninspired performance in an uninspiring part. The best acting of the evening came from two Exeter men. Mr. David Blewitt's portrayal of Sir Benjamin Backbite was a masterpiece of characterisation and his petulant profile and falsetto laugh will long be remembered, while Mr. Richard Wortley made a most lovable Sir Oliver Surface, bouncing around in an endeavour to discover which of his two unworthy nephews was the more worthy of inheriting and squandering the family fortune.

The ladies of the cast revelled in their gossip, Miss Jane Matthews made a pleasant despicable Mrs. Candour and Miss Penny Hopkins a convincing Lady Teasle.

The play was produced by Mr. Michael Imison of Exeter, to whom much of the praise must go for a most entertaining evening.

P. SUMMERFIELD.

PEMBROKE PROFILE THE HON. MR. JUSTICE FINNEMORE N its early history Pembroke College or Broadgates Hall, as it was then known, attracted a throng of law students. Since then a number have achieved varying degrees of fame. Up to the present time Lord Chancellor Simon Harcourt is perhaps the leading product of Pembroke in this field, but hardly less distinguished are the achievements in our own time of Sir Donald Leslie Finnemore.

He was born in the early summer of 1889 and spent the first part of his formative years in the Midlands, coming up to Pembroke from King Edward's Sch., Birmingham, in 1909. In 1946 he became a Governor of his old school and was thus able to put back some of the benefits which he had derived from his own schooldays. His residence at Pembroke indicated the promise of a distinguished future career. Living on the first floor room of Staircase 1, he took a first class degree in the Honour School of Jurisprudence and was Proxime Accessit for the Vinerian Law

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Scholarship. These achievements are enhanced when Sir Donald's other activities at Pembroke are taken into consideration. Together with his contemporary J. D. Caswell, now an Official Referee of the High Court, he was an active member of the College Boat Club. He rowed in the Torpid races for 1910, 1911, and 1912, stroking the crew on the last occasion. In the Summer Eights of 1912 he realised yet another amibition by rowing in the College First Eight. Today the Pembroke Boat Club has no keener supporter, and it appears that after getting a great deal of pleasure out of rowing himself, Sir Donald is still taking a deep interest in the sport.

On leaving Pembroke, Sir Donald carried on his legal studies with great distinction and was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1914. His progress in the Midland Circuit was interrupted by the Great World War. From 1916 to 1919 he served as British Red Cross Staff Officer.

During the period between the two World Wars, Sir Donald pursued his career at the Bar and built up a great reputation for hard and conscientious work. In the General Election of 1923 he contested the Sparkbrook division as a Liberal, but despite the liberal tradition of his family, he remained unsuccessful in his quest for a seat in Parliament in the elections which followed.

On the outbreak of the Second World War he was appointed Hon. Legal Advisor to the Midland Regional Commission for Civil Defence and occupied this post until the end of hostilities in Europe. In 1940 Sir Donald left the Bar and became County Court Judge for North Staffordshire and Birmingham. This move was apparently the climax to the career of His Honour Judge Finnemore, but it was in fact merely a stepping-stone to the High Court of Justice itself. In 1947 Sir Donald was knighted and appointed to the Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division of the High Court and in 1948 transferred to the King's Bench Division.

It should perhaps be mentioned that he edits 'Benjamin on Sale', which will be found in every law library and solicitors' office in the country. An author himself, he has written a book connected with the Boys Brigade, of which he is chairman. Added to this he retains an interest in the College which awarded him an Honorary Fellowship in 1948. His career, must be one which many budding Barristers would like to emulate and this alone R. A. BIBBY. speaks for itself Swiftly, swiftly to The Trout Till the Proctors turn me out.

26

HELPING OTHERS

I

T has sometimes been asserted that Oxford's undergraduates have a traditional disregard for the plights of others. This charge however cannot be justifiably levied against Pembroke College. For more than four years the J.C.R. has made regular termly contributions of 2/6 per head to the Oxford. Committee of the World University Service (W.U.S.), which amounted to £75 annually. This organisation, formed in 1920 has spent several million pounds in assisting students and lecturers throughout the world. Though most of its actions are concentrated in underdeveloped countries, its services extend to all the 40 countries that have national committees. In England for insance, W.U.S. is a founder member of the Student Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Pinewood, runs interest-free loans (from which Pembroke men have benefited) and advisory and relief services. The work is co-ordinated by an international secretariat at Geneva which draws up an annual programme of action. The setting up of student health centres and sanatoria, the provision of hotel accommodation, books and medical supplies—these are just a few of the many tasks W.U.S. undertakes, helped by money collected

by University committees and by grants received from UNESCO and, where possible, from local authorities.

An emergency fund has been established to meet unforeseen commitments and this proved of great value during the recent revolt in Hungary. When reports reached Geneva that the students were leading the revolt, W.U.S. field workers were sent to Austria and, under the Danish W.U.S. secretary, the difficult task of sorting and registering student refugees was speedily undertaken. In this country the British Council for Aid to Refugees delegated to the British W.U.S. Council the task of coordinating all efforts for the resettlement of students admitted from Hungary. Moreover W.U.S. started an 'adoption' scheme which received wide publicity in The Observer. The first task on their arrival in England was to organise tuition in English which a number of Hungarians are now learning in Oxford.

Plans are under way for a few to enter Colleges in October.

Besides the normal contribution to W.U.S., the J.C.R. supported two further appeals during Michaelmas Term 1956. At an extraordinary meeting it was unanimously agreed to send a contribution of ÂŁ1 per head to the International Red Cross at Geneva. This action was taken before any fund to help the Hungarians had been opened in England. Later the Balliol Relief Fund, launched on a national basis, put Oxford in the forefront of relief work.

27

The second appeal was made by the Joint Action Committee against Racial Intolerance. This committee, formed in Oxford, intends to raise sufficient funds to bring a coloured student to Oxford from South Africa. In this way the Committee hopes to demonstrate to the world the widespread dissapproval in Oxford of the Apartheid legislation and more particularly of the closing of the Cape Universities to African and Indian students. A subscription list in the J.C.R. realised more than ÂŁ20.

The amount of assistance that a small College can give is of course limited. From the facts given however it will be apparent that Pembroke J.C.R. has not sat back complacently and watched developments with an air of disinterest. These activities of the College are not generally known but they are an important part of the activities of the J.C.R. G. A. SUMMERFIELD.

UNDER DAVID'S ROD

W

HEN it was decided to includeanarticle on the events of last year it was immediately obvious that it should be written by the editor so that he might not be greeted by remarks that were either rude, factual or obscene concerning himself. Therefore it was decided to make a cruel and accurate assessment of the activities of the college under the retired administration. When the clerical-rowing party had their candidates elected, the cleric fittingly took the head and consigned all worldly matters to the care of the ever-working Mammon from the Boat Club. It then wanted only for Steve to get married for the members of the J.C.R. to render to David the things that were Bryan's and to Steve all that was their own.

If we are to consider calmly the successes of this committee one thing becomes immediately apparent, they were not overaddicted to beer cellars. In fact every J.C.R. meeting contained a fight on this issue, the President defending our moral welfare, the Secretary concerned with the degree of fitness that he might force on some sweat-laden slaves to his will, while both took refuge in a welter of "the Bursar said's", and "at the beginning of next term's", while members divided themselves into factions pressing for the introduction of crap tables, roulette wheels, and reproductions of Picasso. The meetings were also divided on the question of newspapers and periodicals, the same meetings seeing people making impassioned pleas for minority rights followed by an Apartheid policy towards journals that they disliked. It is to be regretted that an unholy alliance was formed that ensured the presence of both the Daily Worker and Country Life. An alliance that was necessary to overcome the bitter opposition of Mr. Hill 28

who thought that Country Life was on the Index and had also grave suspicions about the Daily Worker.

Yet as his period of office continued David grew in stature and in command, while beside him sat the imperturbable Bryan taking illegible notes of unintelligible pleas. Steve appeared occasionally from the wilds of Headington to tell us that he had seen the Bursar and that the J.C.R. was now out of debt, only to sink back again into the limbo of a married man. Meanwhile the Art Committee under the command of Trevor Messenger were indulging their tastes and showing the height of their artistic understanding by buying paintings that none of us ordinary mortals could understand. John Warburton also was elected to the head of a committee that had an interest of which he had both wide experience and a desire to have still wider. Later Mr. McKinley insinuated himself onto this committee and forced an entry into its inner workings. David, however, still went on smiling benignly and imitating his tutor both in and out of earshot to the delight and horror of those who could (a) imitate him better and (b) not imitate him so well. Brian Wood in his thankless position as Food Member ate out whenever possible and avoided the J.C.R. and in particular the Food Suggestions Book. His daily battles with the chef however did have more positive results than those of the President with the Bursar over the Beer Cellar. For Brian obtained advance warning of breakfasts, twice stole the kitchen tin-opener, and almost persuaded the chef to tell us how he made soup before he made it.

Then at the end of his rule in preparation for his appointment as dictator of some unfortunate South American state, David became autocratic. Curtains disappeared to be dyed in a foul shade of terra-cotta which appeared to be based upon the puppydog mess shade of John Buckle, thus forcing the J.C.R. to buy new curtains, a measure previously rejected. Further pitting his puny sling against the Irish Goliath he refused to consider a motion to improve the decor and comfort of the J.C.R. by the purchase of a crap table. This act of authority drew the none-toosober wrath of Ireland, based upon an account of the history of British rule in Ireland that seemed to all those present both irrelevant and unhelpful. Having tasted authority and finding a liking for it David flexed his muscles once more before sinking to the darkness that holds all those who have held and lost power.

Reading Macchiavelli and applying the lessons so learned, he refused to consider a motion worded so as to include the Daily Sketch amongst the papers subscribed to. This further display of authority once again drew the wrath of the Philistines and for 29

one moment there was a danger that David would up and smite them, yet containing himself admirably he only remarked that the meeting was adjourned and that no further business would take place. So are the Stalins and the Perons trained. Should a more happy J.C.R. read in its Daily Sketch in the future that Colonel Arnoldo has seized power to save the state, has disbanded all political parties save his own, has proclaimed a national government based upon the principles of Macchiavelli and temperance, they will know that they have in their minute books a record of his early training and will be able to see how their predecessors provided the material on which he practised. For the slings and arrows of this outrageous rule have been suffered and an end has been put to them. We are deeply grateful to Mr. Arnold G. J. F. for all that he has done for us.

WHY DO YOU CLIMB ?

WAS three days old when I first saw the Martyrs' Memorial.

From that moment I conceived a passionate desire to climb and so, twenty years later came to Oxford. Once in Oxford, I discovered that the really great climbers no longer groped their way up Tom Tower to paint COLL : PEMB in big pink letters on the side, nor crept about at dead of night on Hangman's Traverse in Brasenose Lane; they had taken to mountains. Gone were the days of "Pussy" Perkin's "Seven Entries to Lincoln", "Rock Climbs in Llanberis" was all the rage.

Disappointed as I was, I joined the Oxford University Mountaineering Club, and I was converted. Mixing with the 'pundits', I dreamt that one day I should be called the 'Pundit of Pembroke'. I talked with 'tigers' and tried to talk as tigers do. Unfortunately (and surprisingly) tigers not only talk about their climbs, they do them : and the day came when I had to do one too.

The club met at a dirty, ramshackle but diminutive hut in Llanberis—thirty of us! We had hitch-hiked, trained, bused or motor-biked from all parts of the country, and this was the haven of all our travels. The first evening was spent trying to make ourselves comfortable and to keep ourselves cheerful, the atmosphere was full of the false humour one hears about Schools time.

We eventually slept, but fitfully, until we were finally woken about six o'clock by the wind and the rain which beat upon the hut. About ten o'clock someone crawled out of bed to make porridge. This was gulped down by drowsy figures in various stages of undress, and gradually we organised ourselves into parties for climbing.

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I was rope-bearer for our party, contriving to sling round my shoulders one hundred and twenty heavy feet of live nylon. I struggled up the valley behind my leaders until I was brought to a halt by the appearance of two great smooth walls of rock towering above us like the corner of some squash-court of the Gods.

I was paralysed by a sickening fear and a certain knowledge that I would never make a live tiger. Even when our leader proceeded to find an easy way round the edge of one of the walls I felt as incapable as a jelly fish.

All this time the rain had been beating down, soaking us to the skin, and began to freeze on our clothes and on the rocks. The climb, which had started with a gentle rise over a grassy ledge, soon turned into a traverse across a precipice and then into a steep pitch up a broken buttress. Conscious only of the rain which trickled through me, as if I had been a drain-pipe, and which hid the bottom of the valley in an awful mist, and of the cold which made the rocks like lumps of ice and one's fingers like lifeless twigs unable to take hold of anything, I was dragged to the top. As I was hauled over the last rock and felt the bight into my waist for the last time, I met the broad grin of the leader: "A very pleasant climb; only a 'mod', but we'll get you on something more difficult tomorrow".

P. WALLI S When Josh and David ain't misbehaving, they're just behaving Josh and David.

THE SPORTING SCENE

A

T the present time we have in the College the fairly large number of four Blues and five Half-Blues. This, considering the size of our College and the fact that it is not a sporting one in the sense that, say Lincoln and Brasenose are, is quite a worthy achievement. But in this article I wish to cover the activities of those men who take part in the College teams and attempt to bring further honours to the College in that way. I feel sure that L have no need to mention the names of our Blues and Half-Blues again as they are recorded in other parts of this magazine and they are probably heartily sick of seeing their names and their achievements in print. Let it suffice that we add our congratulations to those which they have already received.

During the present academic year I think that it would be fair to say that we have had some share of the spoils of victory but 31

a few more would not have been amiss. The only Cuppers which we hold, at the moment, is the Water-Polo one. Perhaps this is a rather personal view, but it does seem that this is one of the lesser known University sports and it appears to get little publicity.

I wonder how many members of the College know that this is the second year in succession that we have won this cup. The quiet modesty with which the Swimming Team achieves its successes is a wonder to me and an example to everyone. In other Cuppers competitions we have come very close to success but it has just eluded us. The Soccer and the Hockey teams both reached the semi-finals of their respective competitions only to go down after hard fought games. The Soccer team had to replay their game before they were eliminated. The Rugger team is, unfortunately going through a lean period and it is hoped that future seasons will show an improvement. They certainly cannot go lower in the league competition at the moment! If any rugger players take that remark as an insult I can only say in answer that I, too, am in the Club. In the other "field" sport, Athletics, we were quite successful, as the report on that club will tell you.

Again we came close to winning a Cuppers competition but ran out of luck at the last moment.

In other sports our successes vary. The Shooting team put up a very commendable performance; our Golf seems to have improved; our Cricket seems to be in the hands of those people who run the R.S.P.C.A. Flag days; the Tingers' players had a poor season; the Bridge players an unlucky one; and the Chess team a not entirely unsuccessful season. The only Club that remains, which I have not mentioned, is the senior one—the Boat Club. Although last year saw many successes gained by the second Torpid and second Eight, the first Boats seem to have lacked staying power. At first they raised our hopes but on the "day" failed to produce that little extra speed which would have brought us our first bump supper for many a year. We can only hope that this year in Eights they will find that little extra which R.B. will bring them four bumps.

Tommy Browne, we're coming to get you, Tommy Browne, we're on our way, way, way, way.

32

Pearls from the Port Drinkers

THE BEAUMONT SOCIETY President: P. R. Glazebrook. Secretary: P. H. Collin.

The J.C.R. `handout' to freshmen continues to describe the Beaumont Society as the junior literary society, pointing out that membership (unlike that of the Johnson) is open to freshmen. In truth, however, the widening orbit of the Johnson Society has left the Beaumont as the only purely literary society in the College. It is easy to say that the Society continues to flourish, and that its meetings have been as enjoyable as ever, but certain ex-Presidents have risked being dubbed laudatores tempori acti, and have regretted the small number of freshmen who have shown interest in a Society which requires in due course a paper from each member.

In the year since the last issue of this magazine the. Society has met regularly three times a term. Michaelmas began with a paper by Mr. P. R. Glazebrook on Dom Augustine Baker, the seventeenth century English Benedictine mystic and historian. whose residence at Broadgates Hall (as well as much else concerning him) came as something of a surprise to members. It was followed by Mr. Messenger's scholarly paper on Thomas Mann. The Society then fell under Soviet influence with Mr. D. M. Hawkin's paper on the Russian Novel, which was followed at the beginning of Hilary term by Mr. P. H. Colli•n's on Chekhov. The vagaries of the Russian language were, however, proving too much for the Secretary. and Mr. R. F. Thomas' choice of Dylan Thomas was received with some relief. The Society's dinner was in all respects a success, the Society's gratitude being divided between the Chef, and Mr. W. W. Robson, Fellow of Lincoln, who at very short notice gave a paper on George Santayana which made most members resolve to tackle that author's work when they were rather more mentally agile. Namesakes appear to have a peculiar fascination for the Society and Trinity Term has begun with a bidding to members to inform Mr. Barnes if they do not wish to attencr a meeting in Mr. Barnes' room to hear Mr. Barnes' paper on William Barnes P.R.G 33

CAMDEN SOCIETY President: J. K. Gray. Secretary: P. G. Wallis.

Our Gibbs President in the last issue of the "Bullfrog" encouraged anyone of monkish disposition to take heart and offer himself for election.

A change of President had swung the Camden back to St. Bernard and other ecclesiastical speculators. Equally medieval, the present President, would like, however, to encourage those who are interested in modern history to join the society. For, although Dr. Harrison of Merton will give a paper this term on 'Choral Foundations in Medieval Britain', Mr. Wallis is going to peer into the crystal-ball of historical prophecy with his paper on 19th and 20th century Sweden.

Under Bernard's disciple, however, the slant was not unduly medieval.

Mr. D. J. Arnold himself talked about the Eastern Church, way back in Hilary 1956. Mr. K. Parkinson read a paper on 'Seekers and Finders' and Mr. L. Needleman read a book on 'Bessemer'.

In Trinity 1956 the Society was introduced to prehistory with a brilliant talk by Sir Leonard Woolley. including some memorable anecdotes. Professor Jenkins showed us what 19th century historians must have been like to have as current authorities, at the other meeting of the term.

In Michaelmas 1956 Suez made current affairs more pressing and Mr. S. Todd with a paper on the 'General Strike of 1926' vied with Mr. Prest of Balliol on 'Suez and Cabinet Government' to find who could be more accurately current. Finally to Hilary 1957—Lt. Col. Burne gave a paper on who was the best general in the Civil War; 'Fiery Tom' contending with Rupert far first place, with 0. Cromwell a bad third. Mr. Davis of Merton gave an entertaining paper on 'How to be a Medieval King', and was supported in his monkishness by Mr. J. K. Gray on 'The Clares'. Mr. Hurst of St. Anthony's rounded off in a learned fashion what had been J.K.G. a most successful year.

THE BLACKSTONE SOCIETY President: P. Sununerfield. Secretary: P. Glazebrook.

The Blackstone Society has continued to flourish, the membership rising to over 25 with an influx of 12 'legal' freshmen in Michaelmas 1956. The programme over the last year has been varied and interesting with visits from representatives of all sides of the profession. In inter-college moots, the learned counsel of the Society have won many thousands of pounds for their clients, which, considering the vagaries of the law (especially in the hands of Pembroke men), is quite an achievement. Perhaps the main point for regret is that the practice of having short moots within the Society, for which the Senior Treasurer, Mr. R. F. V. Heuston has always offered his services, seems to have lapsed for the moment.

The Annual Dinner took place as usual during Hilary Term. The guests of the Society were His Honour J. D. Casswell, Q.C., Official Referee of the High Court, and Professor D. Daube, D.C.L., Regius Professor of Civil Law. Mr. L. Brett, Q.C., Solicitor-General for Nigeria, was also present.

Among the speakers who have addressed the Society have been Professor A. E. Sutherland, a visiting Professor from Harvard University, who spoke on 'Legal Institutions and Education in the United States', and Mr. G. Piddock, M.C., D.F.C., M.A., the Coroner of Smethwick, who gave the Society an account of his work. A talk on income tax law sounds dull but in the hands of Mr. H. Watson. an ex-Pembroke man and a Special Commissioner for Income Tax, this was far from being the case.

It is true the subject was alluded to 'en passant', but this was only during the laughter period between one anecdote and the next. Finally, the Society was addressed by its Senior Treasurer, Mr. R. F. V. Heuston, who spoke on his visit to Australia, where he had spent two terms as visiting 34

Professor at Melbourne University. This talk had been eagerly awaited and was enjoyed by all.

The programme for Trinity 1957 includes a visit from Professor F. H. Lawson, D.C.L., Professor of Comparative Law, and a moot against the Eldon Society of University College. to be judged by Mr. A. M. P.S. Honore of Queen's College.

SIR THOMAS BROWNE SOCIETY President: D. V. Taylor. Secretary: A. R. Thomas.

In the last set of Society notes contributed to "Bullfrog', attention was drawn to the tenuous connection of our patron with the world of drama, and the excuses found for many a glass of port. Since then the Society has been subject to attempts to reduce it to a play reading and port bibing society. This 'back to Browne' movement sprang to life in one hectic evening and displaced from prominence the question of that elusive public production which had been the staple food of all business meetings within most of our memories. These efforts proved unsuccessful and indeed we can at last announce that a major production is taking place as this magazine goes to press. Unfortunately we were unable to find a producer within the Society and this, combined with our perennial shortage of money, led us to seek combination with the 'John Ford Society' of Exeter in a production of the 'School for Scandal' by Sheridan.

The year of more that has elapsed since the 'Bullfrog' last required our history has been a varied one. Some dozen plays have been read.

At last we seem to have caught up with that prolific man Jean Anouilh, and we can report that six meetings have passed without one of his plays being read. Plays have ranged in date from Whicherley's 'The Country Wife' to a world premier of 'La Maison de la Nuit' by Mauliner. Other memorable evenings were a reading of 'Under Milkwood' by Dylan Thomas; 'Look Back in Anger' by John Osborne; and the Cabaret Evening produced by the Summerfields. Few will forget the evening when the Society was visited by the Rugby Club in full cry, or should it be full beer, who roused the wrath of the President, Don Taylor, who, for once, had A.R.T. no need to simulate the "angry young man".

COLLINGWOOD SOCIETY President: K. Fell. Secretary: G. Rigg.

The aim of the Society is the discussion of philosophy and, over the last year, criticism and analysis have been brought upon both Ethics and Metaphysics as well as upon the sacred cow of Oxphilosophy, the linguistics of epistomology. Though the Society cannot guarantee that regular attendance at its meetings is a sure passport to a first in Philosophy, it does provide an arena and refreshment for the "combative minded" and the "spiritually lost". Guests of the Society have included Professor Price, Mr. Nowell-Smith, Mr. Sutton and Mr. Farrell.

Professor Price gave a paper on 'Apparitions', introducing to the Society various new ideas on the explanation of ghosts and the nature of their being. Mr. Nowell-Smith led a discussion on a paper by Mr. Oliver Dickson on 'Intuitionism'. Mr. Sutton of St. Peter's Hall read a paper on 'A World View for a Philosopher' from an interesting even if confessedly reactionary point of view. Mr. Farrel, Wilde Reader in Mental Philosophy, considered the asking and answering of "why" questions about the World. Although it is agreed that such questions cannot be validly answered, it is hoped that in future there will continue to be in the College people who will still insist on asking them. As it is, moral philosophy is a subject of great interest to the Society composed, at the moment, of a pragmatist, several Thomists, one analyst, many of the "Mother's Knee"— variety-in-Ethics and two exponents of a new Existentialist—Castle Terrace K.W.F. Weltanschauung.

35

NUFFIELD SOCIETY President: D. G. Shorey. Secretary: R. Bunce.

The Society continues to meet on two occasions each term to listen to and discuss papers, or illustrated talks, given by members of the Society and guests speakers. The subjects of the meetings cover an extremely wide range, the only limitation being that they have some affinity with the study of the Natural Sciences. The constitution was amended last year so that officers of the Society should be elected for one term at a time instead of for a year. This system enables more people to participate in the running of the Society, and prevents the burden of office from weighing too heavily upon those in their •hard-working final year.

In the Hilary Term of 1956, a talk was given by Mr. Miles Rucklidge, a founder member of the Society, on the O.U. Exploring Club's Expedition to North Eastland. This talk, liberally illustrated with slides, proved both instructive and amusing. Two meetings were held in the following term.

At the first. Dr. Baruch Blunberg of Balliol gave an illustrated lecture upon some of his experiences as a doctor in Israel. The speaker covered a wide range of topics, starting with aspects of his work there, and progressing to such subjects as the Arab-Jew relationship, and his own personal, but unsuccessful searches, to find more Dead Sea scrolls. The second meeting was addressed by Dr. Sinclair, one of the University examiners, on the subject of 'Examinations'. He dealt with the advantages and difficulties associated with different systems of examination, and passed around specimen papers from many different countries and organisations.

More recently the Society heard a talk by Dr. Rudolph Payne, a former member of Pembroke, and now Medical Officer at Broadmoor Prison for criminal lunatics, on the 'Patient-Doctor Relationship'. The talk proved very stimulating, and provoked an animated discussion when it ended.

Present members of the Society, Mr. A. McKinlay, Mr. P. Goldsmith and Mr. M. Parkinson have presented papers on 'The First Age of Man', `Meteorology', and `Alchemy', all of which were much appreciated by members.

During the year a visit to an Oxford Brewery was also arranged. a function notable for the large attendance. After an energetic ramble round the brewery, the members were delighted to hear the guide say: "Well, I expect you're all feeling a bit thirsty now . . ."

D.G.S. ERINYEANS President: Was Clare Milward (St. Hugh's). Vice-President: A. R. Thomas.

Secretary: G. J. Finden.

The present society, which was in the process of birth when the last `Bullfrog' appeared, is the latest of a series of Debating Societies which seem to have a very low expectation of life, since the active membership must be maintained at a level considerably higher than the other College Societies. The combination with St. Hugh's gives a double "catchment" area and also an added mutual incentive which will combat these "disappearing" tendencies. There has been strong divergence on the question of a policy for maintaining interest. Some have urged seriousness, others levity and still others social activity. A compromise has been the answer and a fairly successful one.

The society begins symbolically on St. Valentine's Day 1956 with a debate on the motion 'This House would look before it leaps'. We then decided that it would be better if the Plymouth Rock had landed on the Pilgrim Fathers. The balance was soon to be reversed with debates on the problems of Race Relations and The Press. The Society has now reached its twelth meeting and thanks to the energy and determination of its founders Messrs. D'Mello and Home, can look forward to a sucA.R.T. cessful future.

36

THE JOHNSON SOCIETY President: M. J. Parkinson. Secretary: J. Gray.

So far this year six papers have been delivered by members of the Society. In Michaelmas term Mr. Shipley spoke to us on 'World Government and the Prevention of War', Mr. Parkinson on 'Thomas Hardy', and Mr. Ellis on 'The Myth in the Law'. During the Hilary term we heard papers from Mr. Todd upon 'D. H. Lawrence', from Mr. Davis upon 'Wordsworth', and from Mr. Rosenbaum upon 'The American Novel'.

The tradition of having no outside speaker present at the Annual Dinner was broken this year—Mr. R. F. V. Heuston being invited—who gave an excellent discourse upon 'The Law and Literature'.

A new tie has been designed for the Society, the motif being that of M.J.P. Johnson's teapot upon a plain blue background.

PEMBROKE MUSIC SOCIETY President: H. W. Bramma. Secretary: D. C. E. Speller.

At the end of the Hilary Term 1957, it was decided to found a new College Music Society to replace the Heywoode Society, which, for a variety of reasons, had not functioned effectively for over a year. In order to achieve a high standard of recitals and papers, the Society, unlike its predecessor, hopes to make use of musicians from outside the College, and if necessary from outside the University. whilst, at the same time, always making full use of those inside Pembroke.

This policy is reflected in the three meetings arranged for the Trinity Term. At the first, held on the 10th May, in the Master's Music Room, a varied recital was given by Mr. C. G. Sherratt (Pianoforte), Mr. J. Davies (Baritone), Mr. D. P. Wainwright and Mr. A. Buzzard (Oboes) and Mr. H. W. Bramma (Pianoforte). The two remaining meetings of the term will be an illustrated talk by Dr. Sidney Watson, Organist and Student of Christ Church, on 'Chopin—his life and works', and a recital of organ and choral music in the College Chapel, which will include pieces of medieval music sung by the Choir.

H.W.B.

_,-

Reports

-1 2''"714 from the Hearties

THE BOAT CLUB Captain: Bryan Sparrow. Secretary: David Prichard.

I think it true to say that Pembroke has been put back on the map of the rowing world in the last eighteen months. Not only have Pembroke men been successful in University rowing, but also the College boats on the Isis have shown signs of a healthy club. R. Barrett rowed six and 37

A. Said was cox in the Oxford boat against Cambridge, and the Secretary rowed seven in the Isis crew which won the Head of the River Race.

Last summer the College put five eights on the river. and then took the 1st VIII and a coxswainless IV to Henley Royal Regatta. The VIII was beaten in the Thames Cup by Isis, and the IV, after beating our rivals, Pembroke Cambridge, lost to First and Third Trinity in the Visitors Challenge Cup. In the Michaelmas term R. Barrett won the University Pair Oars with G. Sorrell (Christ Church). In the Robinson Fours the College IV beat Jesus easily and then lost to Queen's. The College VIII finished eleventh in the Balliol Long Distance Race. Last term the Torpid bumped Univ. and B.N.C., but our hopes of a bump supper were dashed when on the third night the crew just failed to catch Trinity.

At the time of writing the four College boats are training hard for Eight's Week. But as we have learnt in the past, to speculate is not enough.

There is no substitute for hard work in the boat.

CRICKET Captain: M. Byrne. Secretary: W. P. B. Gunnery This pastime was indulged in by certain members of the College last Trinity term, with varying success. Unfortunately few records of the results have been preserved for posterity so one must work largely from hearsay and memory.

The College enjoyed only a moderate season, although when the 'Schools' men were available quite a strong side could be fielded. S. G. Metcalfe most deservedly won his blue and only once failed when available for college matches, his 100 v. Trinity Hall and 64 v. Eton Ramblers being particularly fine innings. Against Authentics the College lost an exciting game by only 18 runs, nearly 450 runs being scored in the day. The Captain, W. F. Sale, sensibly chose this day to play his best innings of the season, a very fluent knock of 60 and only ended by an unfortunate run out. A good win was recorded against the powerful Pembroke, Cambridge, side in which Currill span the side to victory, and another creditable performance was against Eton Ramblers when it was Metcalfe's off-spinners, that did the damage. M. Burton-Brown kept wicket and batted as invaluably as ever when he could play, and the bowling was usually adequate.

The tour saw strangely mixed forttwes: losses to the weaker sides were offset by victories over the stronger. Here J. C. Taskes batted very consistently and W. F. Sale's bowling came into its own.

Altogether a very pleasant season of which one thing is certain: the cricketers were not bumped as frequently as the rowing boys. It may also be said without fear of contradiction, that the aforesaid cricketers did not squander one-tenth as much of the members of the Junior Common Room's money as did the children who prefer to row.

Seeing that it is the custom of the acquisitive oarsmen to open a subscription list in order that they might have a more carefree holiday at Henley, the cricket club has resolved to do likewise this year, so that they may enjoy their tour of Denmark to the full. All contributions will he M.B. & W.P.B.G. gratefully received.

ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CLUB Captain: S. T. Shipley. Secretary: G. Hoskin.

The A.F.C. had one of its most successful seasons for a number of years. our full team lost only two games, one in the league and one in the Cuppers semi-final replay. The Znd Division Championship was won easily by a margin of 3 points.

The defence was strengthened considerably by the introduction of three freshmen, Brian Keen and Peter Toomey at full back, and Chris Beswick at half-back, who with Brian LeGeyt, provided a very effective link with 38

the forwards. Goalkeeper Bill Mandle unfortunately injured a finger in the Cuppers match with Trinity, but his improvement throughout the season had much to do with our success.

We were unlucky to lose our centre-forward, David Hopkins, after only nine matches. in which he had scored 22 goals. In the last four seasons he has been a prolific goal scorer, and the fact that no fewer than five members were subsequently played in that position indicates how badly he was missed.

Inside forwards Josh Gabay and Geoff Taylor provided many scoring opportunities which were generally well taken by the other forwards. Chris BeswicK has been elected to the Centaurs, and Brian LeGeyt and Peter Toomey have both played for the Centaurs occasionally.

With only two members of our Cuppers team, Steve Shipley and Josh Gabay, going down, our prospects for next season are extremely good.

G.H. RUGBY FOOTBALL CLUB Captain: R. P. Savidget. Secretary: R. Blow.

Another season past, another crop of unfortunate injuries and nothing of great note to report. As was reported in the previous issue we were relegated to Division III and at no time during the Michaelmas Term did it look as if we were to gain promotion. Although we lost our first few games, we had our share of points, and it was the superior fitness of our opponents which told. Then just as the team was getting really fit, the established second row were injured in games held fairly close together, and it was difficult to find replacements for them of a comparable size and weight. Other injuries, too, occurred later and they all helped to unbalance the team through repeated changes.

There were difficulties, also, in the backs, where there was not so much talent available amongst the freshmen as there was for the forwards. After various experiments a three-quarter line was found which, if not scintillating in attack, did have the admirable virtue of being able to tackle its opponents. This line came into its own only towards the end of the Hilary Term by which time we had been knocked out of Cuppers by Lincoln for the third year in succession in the first round. The forwards, although on occasion having bad games, kept up a fairly high standard of play in the set scrums and line-outs if not in the loose, a disease to which Pembroke packs seem to be particularly prone. Despite all this it must be said that throughout its many defeats the morale of the team remained high at all times and we enjoyed our rugger.

We fielded a 2nd XV on several occasions and this team enjoyed varying success. The team is run for those members of the club who enjoy the occasional game or who cannot play regularly in the 1st XV and this combination, strangely enough, proved tolerably successful this season at least. It is hoped that more members of the club will realise the usefulness of this team and will give it the support if deserves. In that way the club would acquire a larger nucleus of fit players ready to step into the boots of members who are injured or who go down. If that happened, the last minute rush to make up the team with members of the 1st XV would no longer occur and the disappearance of the problem would be R.B. greeted with sighs of relief from the Secretary, if no one else!

HOCKEY CLUB Captain: A. F. Stirratt. Secretary: R. D. Vernon,.

The club has had an outstandingly successful season in the past academic year, being unbeaten with their full side playing and reaching the semifinal of Cuppers, losing to the eventual winners of the competition. The fact that this was possible without any Blues or Occasionals points to the fine degree of team-work and the all-round strength of the team.

39

In the Michaelmas Term 9 matches were won and 3 lost. Among the more notable wins were those over New College 8-1, Keble 6-2, and Bristol University 3-0. In the Hilary Term the team was unbeaten, except for the semi-final of Cuppers against Worcester. After a bye in the first round, Exeter were beaten 6-2 in the second round and Magdalen 3-1 in the third round. Worcester, with two Occasionals, three Blues, and two Internationals, beat us 3-1. We were unfortunate enough to be without two regular players who were taking Prelims. This was the first time that the College had reached this stage of Cuppers since 1931.

Throughout the season the defence proved themselves with many fine performances; S. Bonsall, in goal, and R. White-Cooper and R. Alder, at back, were very consistent. At half. D. Currill and P. Revill had many fine games, while F. Ball improved thoughout the season. In the forward line K. Brown was the chief mid-field schemer, while R. Vernon and M. Riegels provided punch on the wings. Most of the goals scored came from A. Stirratt, K. Brown and R. Vernon.

Record: Won 15; Drawn 1; Lost 5. Goals: For 70; Against 39. These results include some hectic matches against some Ladies Colleges and nurses from various hospitals.

R.D.V. ATHLETIC CLUB Captain: R. Van Rossum. Secretary: C. J. Ball.

Amongst the freshmen who came up in the Michaelmas Term were several 'finds', and some were even persuaded to try their hands. M. D. Riegels won the Freshmen's 440 Yards and represented the University against the Cambridge Freshmen.

The College won Division III of the Inter-College Relays and came second in Division II of the Field Events Cuppers—so earning promotion in both. The Cross Country team came rather lowly, 15th, in their Cuppers.

In the Hilary Term several events of importance took place which proved enjoyable, and produced some surprises, such as the match against Univ. In Cuppers we were beaten by Trinity by 3001 pts. to 2741 in Group 3, despite several fine performances by individuals of the Club.

The O.U.A.C. Sports found John Metcalfe winning a heat of the 100 yds. in 9.9 secs., and coming 2nd to J. R. C. Young in the final, winning the 2.20, 220 Low Hurdles finals and producing a 49 secs. 440 yds. for good measure. Rex Van Rossum won the 120 yds. High Hurdles by "running fast between the barriers", in 15.8 secs. John Winch was 5th in a fabulous mile, 4 mins. 12.2 secs. and was 4th in the 3 miles. In consequence of these performances all three were chosen to represent the University at the White City in the match against Cambridge. There, John Metcalfe won the "Best All-Round Performance Trophy" for wins in the 100 yds., and 220 yds. Low Hurdles, and John Winch was home in the mile in 4 mins.

14 secs., and Rex Van Rossum in the high Hurdles in 15.9 secs.

A stiff programme has been arranged for Trinity Term, and it is hoped that even greater enthusiasm and support will be forthcoming for next year's Athletics. to improve still more on this, the Club's best year.

C.J.B. THE INCOMPETENTS Commander: Dave Hopkins. Adjutant: Roy Vernon.

In this review of last summer's activities, a tribute must first be paid to the retiring Commander, Horace le Ball, who always led the side quite incapably, in the Pembroke sense of the word. Only once, however, was he quite unconsciously irresponsible for fielding twelve men, against Stanton Harcourt. We •no longer have the fixture.

In the Great Haseley match, Mr. Vernon started the day brilliantly by losing his way in the car and finishing up at the Perch when he should 40

have been opening the innings. By some mischance, we managed to win this game, although the score did reflect true incompetent spirit (THEM: 70 all out. US: 12 for 8, 71 for 9). Not least of the surprises of this match was 45 not out by the Otter with his famous bat without a middle. Contrary to all tradition he was not horizontal at the time. His partner, Mr. Shipley, got himself out only after a great stand. Mr. Hopkins bowled well, finishoff the day in great form with a maiden at the back of the local.

Against the Jolly Farmers, ignoring the numerous beer mugs scattered around the pitch, Admiral Sale made the fine score of two.

The match at Cumnor was enlivened by Mr. Mandle. who batted 95 minutes for two runs, until he was purposely run out by Mr. Le Geyt, eager to get to the local. In the evening Mr. Muntz drank ten pints, fell backwards out of the pub window, but returned to help the team exhaust the supply of draught beer.

Prominent in certain of the matches were the respective corporations of Messrs. McKinlay, Turner and Blow, and mention must be made of Mr. Letts, who, apart from umpiring with truly remarkable decision, distinguished himself in the field by his complete immobility.

The style in hats for the season was varied as usual, Mr. Hill's trim boater and Mr. McConnell's elegant brown Derby clashing particularly with Mr. Stirratt's occasional choice of a piece of protective cricket-gear.

In conclusion, we hope for yet another fine season, both outdoors and indoors. We are fortunately able to travel this year in the new Adjutant's THE COMMANDER. fleet of Rolls.

SWIMMING AND WATER-POLO CLUB The College Swimming Club can look back on a very successful year.

All its members are current representatives of either the University or the Dolphins team. Last Michaelmas Term the Pembroke team won the inter-college swimming league, and won all five matches played in the water-polo league, thereby moving up to second place in the table. We were due to meet St. John's, the current league winners, in the last week of term, but unfortunately the match had to be cancelled because of a clash with a University fixture, thereby depriving the team of an excellent opportunity of reaching the head of the league table.

In Swimming Cuppers, in the Hilary Term, Christ Church, Merton. St. John's, University and Pembroke reached the final. As the events progressed, the lead alternated between Pembroke and University, until, at the last relay, Pembroke needed to be two places up on University to, win.

This was not to be; Pembroke won the event surely enough, but University finished second. thereby pushing Pembroke into second place on the overall score. The final points placing was: University 32 points, Pembroke 31; and this result was, curiously enough, the same as last year. The College won Water-Polo Cuppers for the second year in succession, defeating Balliol 4-2 in the semi-final after a very hard match, and defeating Exeter in the final, also by 4-2, after an exceedingly scrappy game, If the team is to maintain its successful record, some new swimmers will be needed next year to replace the two stalwarts G. Van Rossum. who will no longer be eligible to play for the College and G. W. Hill, D.G.S. now in his final year.

SHOOTING CLUB Captain: R. White-Cooper. Secretary: A. Grant.

Although the College Shooting Teams are not quite up to Olympic standard yet, they performed with admirable success in the University .22 Cuppers in the Hilary Term. Three teams were entered: A—R. R. T. White-Cooper and A. C. Grant; B—J. G. L. Wall and A. Said; C.—D. L. Pritchard and P. J. Turner. The A team came 2nd by one point with 41

394/400. B came 13th (2nd of the B teams) and C 19th (2nd of the C teams). This was a commendable effort.

Next year we hope to go even higher with a few more able-bodied men to enter as more teams, led by the Captain and Vice-Captain of the University Shooting, especially as a Freshman, J. G. L. Walls, came 3rd in the individual results—let's have some more of you •next time.

R.R.T.W-C. THE GOLFERS Peter McConnell, the stylist and theorist, Richard Thompson, the 'powerhouse, Les Birbeck ("What a short game!"), and John Otway (softly, softly), were very pleased to find that they had been successful in the first round of Cuppers against St. Peter's Hall by a comfortable margin.

In the top single Peter McConnell enjoyed a close fight and finally triumphed by 1 hole; John Otway lost 7 of the first 8 holes, suffering every known golfing disease, but pulled himself together to lose by 6 holes; while following close behind, Richard Thompson and Les Birbeck proceeded to burn up the soggy Southfields course, giving heart to those ahead, and eventually winning by 10 and 14 holes respectively. Thus the match was won by 19 holes. The second round against Worcester, the holders, is perhaps better left in obscurity. Our opponents consisted of 2 Blues and 2 'Divots', who set about us mercilessly; perhaps it is to our credit that the difference was only 27 holes.

This year we sadly missed the colourful attire of Dick Lugar, the American golfer, and the international flavour of our golfer from Belgium, Michael Beaumont. The other disappointment was our inability to organise a second weekend of 'training' on the tough West Sussex course at J.O. Puborough.

THE CROQUET CLUB This is a game where a very good shot—or shall we say a lucky one— or the slightest mistake, can alter entirely the course of your conversation with your partner, from: "Where shall we put his this time?"; to: "I am just going for a short walk. See you later". It is above all a game which brings out the best in people occasionally and the worst nearly always.

Croquet is a game with comparatively few rules which are as easy to observe as are the boundaries to cross, though I have heard it said that the rules to which we adhere are about fifty years out of date. If so, we must try to remedy this anomalous situation. Despite this. however, the season began on the first Monday of term, the Dean's permission having been obtained, with a match between some of the past and present captains of this noble sport. Some concern was registered when it was found that the equipment was somewhat below standard—one unbroken mallet, one whole ball (which was far too heavy), and an assortment of other gear which was virtually unserviceable.

This sorry state of affairs has now been remedied and a complete and good set of equipment has been purchased which must be treated with the care and respect which it deserves by all those who use it.

It is thought by some members of the College that the fact that the hoops are so narrow now is not quite in the spirit of the game, as the worm castings, hills, valleys, and even the occasional unsuspected leaf which may get in the way, make the game difficult enough as it is, while others say that it makes it just that little bit more, sporting. Which proves that even in croquet one man's mallet is another man's billiard cue However, as long as players refrain from cutting out divots or putting any other unnecessary hazards in the true course of the ball as it swerves round the one it should have hit, skill as opposed to luck should be the deciding factor, and many another good game will be enjoyed by members of the College.

42

SQUASH CLUB Captain: W. F. Sale. Secretary: W. P. B. Gunnery.

The boys played brilliantly, as one might expect, under the clever leadership of W. F. Sale, who even won a game now and then. Some matches were won, while others were lost. There were no draws, but a great number of cancellations (it was never the Secretary's fault). F. D. Ball, an excellent all-round athlete, made one appearance for the College. and also had a W.P.B.G. bowling average of 3-5.

TABLE TENNIS CLUB Captain and Secretary: A. Jones.

This year the College entered two teams in the League competition. The 1st team ran into some very •high class Table Tennis, notably from Jesus and St. Catherine's, and even with John Otway leading the team, could finish no better than seventh in the 1st Division, having played 7 matches, winning 1 and losing 6. A contributory factor to the team's poor season was that it is no longer easy to entice College first teams into the cellars.

The second team was more successful in the 4th Division and finished the season tieing for fourth place with Queen's II. Their record was: Played 7; Won 6; Lost 1. As a result the 2nd team will probably go up into the 3rd Division and the 1st team drop to the 2nd Division.

In Cuppers the College was knocked out by New College in the 2nd Round by 5-1. We had a bye in the first round! A frolic was played with St. Hilda's and was probably a draw. No one bothered to keep a A.J. score.

THE SAILING CLUB While some gentlemen in college are content to force their way along the Isis by their own efforts,there are a few of us who rely upon the wind for our motive force. We sail near Port Meadow in "Firefly's" with the University Yacht Club during term time; and in the vacations we are able to make use of the opportunities to sail on the Broads and the South Coast. It is also possible to do some Ocean Cruising.

Our efforts in cuppers this year were not met with great success, but next year, perhaps, we might be lucky in drawing easier opponents in the earlier rounds of the competition.

W.J.C. THE BRIDGE CLUB Captain: P. Letts. Secretary: G. Hoskin.

Last year we reached the semi-final of Cuppers, and with the same team we hoped to do better this year. Somerville and Corpus were defeated. We then met last year's winners, Worcester. Although we held a 12 I.M.P's lead at the interval a number of mistakes in the second half lost what should have been a comfortable lead. We were eventually beaten by 4 I.M.P's. P. Letts and T. Warriner were selected to play against Cambridge.

G.H. THE CHESS CLUB For the first time we were able to enter three teams in Cuppers, but unrortunately the number of teams did not reflect our playing strength.

Apart from Philip Gough. who has played on occasions for the University, the majority of the players were of good second team standard. Thus, although our second and third teams did reasonably well, the first team found it difficult to win matches. A number of draws, however, assured us of a middle place in the table.

G.H. 43

All reformers are bachelors At any rate, that's what George Moore said.

It isn't true, of course. A reforming zeal can hit any of us if only we are sufficiently aroused.

All kinds of people, for instance, support the anti-vivisection cause: Christians, Hindoos, atheists; tories, socialists, anarchists; imperialists, internationalists, pacifists; philosophers, theologians, mystics; saints, publicans, sinners. And inevitably, some bachelors.

Why? Ask a mixed bag of a score of them. The answers will not be precisely the same, and one or two of them may include language too intemperate for publication. But, when they have all been analysed, they will be seen to make two main points : (1) that it is wrong to inflict suffering on animals in the hope of finding cures or palliatives for human diseases (especially as so many of these result from man's own folly); and (2) that vivisection doesn't really produce the goods.

"It is not difficult," said a French writer, "to be philosophical about the troubles of others"—and one might add, especially if the others are only animals. Yet the question of vivisection (two and a half million experiments annually in Britain) is a very important one, and deserves the most careful examination by thoughtful people.

Information from— BRITISH UNION FOR THE ABOLITION OF VIVISECTION (or just B.U.A.V.), 47, Whitehall, London, S.W.1 44

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