MANAGING RAPID CHANGE Policies and Regulations for the Protection of Cultural Heritage in Cartagena, Colombia Existing Heritage Policies in Cartagena de Indias Current Issues Heritage Governance Recommendations Financial Incentives and Organization Conclusions

ANNEXES

A. THE HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPES APPROACH B. GENTRIFICATION, A PRIMER C. IMPACT OF TOURISM D. MANAGING THE PUBLIC REALM E. HERITAGE PRESERVATION IN FORTIFIED CITIES OF THE CARIBBEAN F. BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT DISTRICTS G. INTERPRETING THE MODERN BUILDING STOCK H. URBAN ACUPUNTURE

BOXES

2.1 TRANSCARIBE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE 2.2 FIELDWORK IN THE SAN FRANCISCO NEIGHBORHOOD 2.3 ACTIVATING LIVING STORIES IN GETSEMANI 3.1 SEX WORKERS IN CARTAGENA. OBSERVATIONS FROM THE FIELDWORK 4.1 PHILLIPINES PALENQUE 5.1 BARCELONA: SPECIAL PLAN FOR TOURISM ACCOMODATION 6.1 URBAN ACUPUNCTURE 8.1 20th CENTURY BUILDING RESOURCE SURVEY 9.1 NOISE LEVELS 9.2 A PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY HISTORIC CENTER IN CARTAGENA 9.3 MANAGING STREET USAGE: THE CASE OF FLORENCE 9.4 POSSIBLE COVID-19 PANDEMIC MID-TERM SCENARIOS 9.5 CITY IN BALANCE: AMSTERDAM 9.6 QUITO HISTORIC CENTER CORPORATION

LIST OF TABLES

1.1 Recent evolution of the population of the Historic Center by neighborhoods 2009-2016 1.2 Cartagena, distribution of tourism accommodation 2017

6.1 Social actors and the heritage values of the public spaces that they value 6.2 Users and their activities in Plaza San Diego 6.3 Users and their activities in Plaza Santo Domingo 6.4 Users and their activities in Plaza de Los Coches 6.5 Users and their activities in Parque del Centenario 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 8 9 9

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LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Cartagena in South America 1.2 Colombia, Caribbean Region, urban areas in 2013 1.3 Historical evolution of Cartagena 1.4 Historic Center Neighborhoods 1.5 World Heritage properties in the Cartagena Bay 1.6 The fortifications in the Historic Center of Cartagena 1.7 Real estate developments in Bocagrande 1.8 Living conditions in one peripheric neighborhood of Cartagena 1.9 Heritage sites in the Historic Center 1.10 Contemporary developments near Castillo de San Felipe in the WHL designated heritage area 1.11 Barrio Centro, flooding 1.12 The potential impact of sea-level rise by the end of the 21st century

3.1 Skyline of Bocagrande illustrating similar aesthetics to Miami, Florida 3.2 One of the numerous casinos found in Bocagrande 3.3 Lubnan, a restaurant in Bocagrande boasting pastiche designs 3.4 Plaza Santo Domingo at night 3.5 KGB Bar, a Soviet themed bar located in San Diego 3.6 Las Bóvedas, a historic dungeon turned into souvenir shops that attract tourists 3.7 A protest poster calling to attention, located in Plaza de La Trinidad in Getsemaní 3.8 Projections on La Torre del Reloj in Cartagena, March 11, 2020 3.9 The proposed projection of archival documentary film on the sea-facing fortifications of Cartagena. 3.10 Sea-facing sections of the 16th-century fortifications of Cartagena, March 14, 2020. These green spaces are underutilized and undermanaged. Caged lights illuminate the wall at night 3.11 Satellite map of the Historic Center of Cartagena, showing locations to accommodate film screenings 3.12 The Noli Me Tangere statue is dedicated “A Cartagena Heroica,” commemorating the resistance of the city to Spanish conquest, in El Camellón de los Mártires in Cartagena 3.13 A store in Cartagena uses the “La Heroica” identity in its signage 3.14 A pharmacy in Cartagena uses the “La Heroica” identity in its promotional marketing

4.1 Palenqueras Go, Guía del Ocio 4.2 The Market at the Muelle de Los Pegasos 1919 4.3 Palenquera Protest_2019

5.1 Tourists flooding Bourbon Street, New Orleans 5.2 Active nightlife of locals and tourists in Plaza de la Trinidad, Getsemaní, Cartagena