Annex III
AIII-1. Energy Radiation Terms in Multi-Pane Windows The different terms of radiation energy in a multi-paned window are commented in this annex. For the sake of the explanation, the window schema shown in Figure AIII-1 is used. •
qɺ Total is the total radiation heat coming from the smoke layer and flames in a fire room that heats the first pane. qɺ Total =σε U TU4
•
(AIII-1)
qɺ Re flected is the reflected part of the total radiation heat qɺ Total . qɺ Reflected = ρ·qɺ Total
•
(AIII-2)
qɺ Re fracted is the refracted part of the total radiation heat qɺ Total . qɺ Refracted = (1 − ρ )·qɺ Total
(AIII-3)
This term consists of:
o
qɺ Opaque is the radiant heat for which glass is opaque. 15 ξ ξ3 dξ qɺ Opaque = 1- 4 ∫ ξ dξ qɺ Refracted 0 e −1 π
o
qɺ Inside is the radiant heat that enters the glass.
qɺ Inside =qɺ Refracted − qɺ Opaque o
(AIII-5)
qɺ Transmited is the heat transmitted for one side of the pane to the other side.
(
)
γ l γ l qɺ Transmited = e( 1 ) + e( 2 ) qɺ Inside
o
(AIII-6)
qɺ Absorbed is the heat used for increasing the temperature of the pane. qɺ Absorbed =qɺ Inside − qɺ Transmited
•
(AIII-4)
(AIII-7)
qɺ Total,2 is the total radiation heat coming from the second pane n =∞
qɺ Total,2 = (qɺ transmitted + qɺ betweenpanes )·∑ F2→3
(AIII-8)
n =1
A-37
Annex III where:
o
qɺ Betweenpanes represents the total interchange between the panes. It is expressed by Eq ( AIII-9): 4 qɺ Betweenpanes = σB ·ε i ·α i+1(Tm,i − T1,i4 +1 ) n =∞
o
∑F n =1
2→3
=
(AIII-9)
1 1 −·ρ2 ·ρ3
(AIII-10)
All these energy terms are expressed in W/m2. The energy terms of the second pane are obtained analogically.
Pane I
qɺ Re flected qɺ Total
qɺ Opaque
qɺ Re fracted
Pane II
qɺ Betweenpanes
qɺ Absorbed
qɺ Total,2
qɺ inside
qɺ Transmited
Surface imaginary
T1
T2
Surface
T3
T4
imaginary
Figure A-III-1: Schematic double pane window. Energy radiation terms
A-38
Annex III
AIII-2. Graphical method for glazing response in fires: ISO-Curve ISO CURVE THICKNESS 2 mm
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE:
s σf 1+ H Eβ
Time
Average glass temperature 600
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11
500
cp·den 0.17 cp·den 0.22 cp·den 0.28
400
cp·den 0.33
[C]
cp·den 0.44
300
cp·den 0.50 cp·den 0.56 cp·den 0.61
200
cp·den 0.72 cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
100
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Time [s]
Average glass temperature 150
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11
125
cp·den 0.17 cp·den 0.22 cp·den 0.28
100
cp·den 0.33
[C]
cp·den 0.44
75
cp·den 0.50 cp·den 0.56 cp·den 0.61
50
cp·den 0.72 cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
25
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Time [s]
A-39
Annex III ISO CURVE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE:
THICKNESS 4 mm
Tg
s σf 1+ H Eβ
Time
Average glass temperature 600
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11 cp·den 0.17
500
cp·den 0.22 cp·den 0.28
400
cp·den 0.33
[C]
cp·den 0.44 cp·den 0.50
300
cp·den 0.56 cp·den 0.61
200
cp·den 0.72 cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
100
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Time [s]
Average glass temperature 150
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11 cp·den 0.17
125
cp·den 0.22 cp·den 0.28
100
cp·den 0.33
[C]
cp·den 0.44 cp·den 0.50
75
cp·den 0.56 cp·den 0.61
50
cp·den 0.72 cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
25
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Time [s]
A-40
Annex III
ISO CURVE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE:
THICKNESS 8 mm
Tg
s σf 1+ H Eβ
Time
Average glass temperature 600
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11
500
cp·den 0.17 cp·den 0.22 cp·den 0.28
400
cp·den 0.33
[C]
cp·den 0.44
300
cp·den 0.50 cp·den 0.56 cp·den 0.61
200
cp·den 0.72 cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
100
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Time [s]
Average glass temperature 150
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11
125
cp·den 0.17 cp·den 0.22 cp·den 0.28
100
cp·den 0.33
[C]
cp·den 0.44
75
cp·den 0.50 cp·den 0.56 cp·den 0.61
50
cp·den 0.72 cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
25
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Time [s]
A-41
Annex III
ISO CURVE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE:
THICKNESS 12 mm
s σf 1+ H Eβ
Time
Average glass temperature 700
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11
600
cp·den 0.17 cp·den 0.22
500
cp·den 0.28
[C]
cp·den 0.33
400
cp·den 0.44 cp·den 0.50 cp·den 0.56
300
cp·den 0.61 cp·den 0.72
200
cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
100
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
150
300
450
600
750
900
1050
1200
1350
Time [s]
Average glass temperature 300
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11
250
cp·den 0.17 cp·den 0.22 cp·den 0.28
200
cp·den 0.33
[C]
cp·den 0.44
150
cp·den 0.50 cp·den 0.56 cp·den 0.61
100
cp·den 0.72 cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
50
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Time [s]
A-42
Annex III
ISO CURVE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE:
THICKNESS 16 mm
Tg
s σf 1+ H Eβ
Time
Average glass temperature 700
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11
600
cp·den 0.17 cp·den 0.22
500
cp·den 0.28
[C]
cp·den 0.33
400
cp·den 0.44 cp·den 0.50 cp·den 0.56
300
cp·den 0.61 cp·den 0.72
200
cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
100
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
150
300
450
600
750
900
1050
1200
1350
Time [s]
Average glass temperature 150
cp·den 0.06 cp·den 0.11
125
cp·den 0.17 cp·den 0.22 cp·den 0.28
100
cp·den 0.33
[C]
cp·den 0.44
75
cp·den 0.50 cp·den 0.56 cp·den 0.61
50
cp·den 0.72 cp·den 0.83 cp·den 0.97
25
cp·den 1.11 cp·den 1.39
0 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Time [s]
A-43
Annex III
A-44