06 08 10 14 16
Food Daily Life Health Pop Culture Generational Changes 18 Geography 20 Internet
22 24 26 28 30 32 36 40
Religion Government Economics Fashion Family Language Education National Ideals
C O N T E N T S
A Zine
MAAAAAAKAN SEMUA Picture Indonesian food in your head. No, you’re thinking of Thai. No, not that either, that’s Vietnamese. We’re like 220 million people, and the outside world barely recognizes our rich culinary legacy. (And this is also why ‘Foreigners Try Indonesian Food’ reaction videos are the number three driver of our economy. Look it up.)
Indonesian cuisine often has a gigantic plate-full of complex flavours, all fighting for your attention on top of a small mountain of rice. So how do we do it? The first secret is bumbu, the various spice mixtures that are used for specific dishes. While some of these are now so ingrained in culture that you can buy them at convenience stores, others remain local chefs closely guarded secrets. No, seriously. The second answer is that Indonesia is big. We have a lot of land, a lot of people, and some of the most verdant freaking fields on Earth. We can grow almost anything here. Lots of choices equals lots of variety. This is not an extensive guide. We’re not masochist enough to try to list all of the best food in Indonesia. These are just the first seven things we thought of.
SAMBAL
06
Sambal is the chili paste served with almost every food Indonesians eat, possibly including ice cream. It is less a condiment than it is the single most important part of every Indonesians diet. It ranges in heat from ‘oh god, what have I done?’ to ‘complete annihilation of every nerve-ending in your mouth’.
D A R A H M U D A
Variety of spices used in Indonesia. Courtesy of Seputarmakan.com
NASI GORENG
Think of the unhealthiest thing you’ve ever eaten in your life. Times that by five, cover it in butter, and you’re still nowhere near the experience of eating martabak. An incredibly thick crepe cooked with metric tons of margarine, martabak comes in two heart-stopping varities. The sweet version is filled with chocolate, cheese, nuts, and occasionally other varieties of cookies and candy bars. The savory version is the same basic idea, but packed with egg and minced meat.
GUDEG
GADO-GADO
Is it still a salad after it’s been buried under 6,000 calories worth of peanut sauce? Yes, yes it is. Gado-gado is the traditional salad of the Betawi, the people who have lived in Jakarta for centuries. A selection of greens, tofu, boiled mini-potatoes and egg, all doused with impossibly spicy peanut sauce.
Nasi goreng is the national dish of Indonesia. It is fried rice, but the best fried rice. The kind of fried rice that costs $1 and makes Michelin chefs weep for their many mistakes in life. Nasi goreng comes in varieties ranging from mata sapi — rice with a fried egg — to the ludicrously elaborate preparation of nasi goreng gila, which mixes in seemingly one of every ingredient in the restauarant.
If you’re in the royal city of Jogjakarta, you’re eating gudeg. It’s a sweet jackfruit stew that’s been boiled in coconut milk and palm sugar — then served with rice, beef, and other delicacies. Few foods have come to be absolutely synonymous with one region, but gudeg is a cultural institution in the families of Central Java.
NASI PADANG
BAKSO
Bakso are meatballs ranging in size from small to bowling ball, most often served as street food. Made from chicken or beef, bakso are a quintessential piece of Indonesian soul food. Barack Obama fondly remembering eating them as a child likely generated enough goodwill to make us forgive the existence of Donald Trump.
MARTABAK
F O O D
We’re grouping the entire cuisine of the Padang region into one entry because picking one perfect piece of the meal is impossible. Nasi Padang (rice with Padangnese-style food) has spread across most of Southeast Asia; a typical lunch consisting of Rendang (slow-cooked beef), curied fish, stewed vegetables, chili eggplant, fried beef lung, and a thousand other immaculate pieces of culinary achievement.
07
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
24 Hours! One Girl Vs. Daily Life in Jakarta
06:30 AM
12:45 PM
She immediately grabs her towel and rushes to the bathroom. The cold water does its job to really wake her up this time. She quickly moves to the kitchen to get breakfast before school. With a sandwich in one hand and a cup of cold milk in the other, she chews fast while bowing down to bid sungkem (the polite way to greet / say goodbye by kissing the upper side of one’s hand) to her mom as she shouts, “Heading out, I’m late!”
It’s 12:45 PM and it’s sizzling hot outside. She couldn’t find a spot to eat her lunch. Everyday she has the same exact meal — half-boiled egg, a half portion of rice and 4 chicken nuggets. But all’s good. She sits there with her friends and chats about the usual things; tv shows, that meme everyone’s talking about and other v. very important thing in life.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut laWbore et dolore magna aliqua.
08
D A R A H M U D A
3:00 PM. School’s over. Yay! She is exhausted. Usually, she just hops on an angkot (Jakarta’s public transportation, a converted van), but it’s too hot outside and she wants to be home fast so ...ojek (motorcycle taxi) to the rescue! She arrives just in time for a power nap.
D A I L Y L I F E 5:00 PM and her phone’s buzzing. “Sevel in 10 minutes, Y/N?” -- A text from her BFF. Ugh. She wants to continue sleeping but she also crave a Slurpee and can’t fight off the urge to use the free WiFi there, so off she goes.
6:45 PM
All of her friends were already there. On their phone. Taking selfies and stuff. The usual. She went straight to get her Slurpee and update stuff on her social media. Another #selfieoftheday picture posted. Nongkrong is always acceptable whenever it is. 09
10:00 PM 06:45 PM and She’s home now. Helping her mom for dinner while waiting for her dad to come home. They have nasi goreng, ayam goreng, and some soup. It’s a long and tiring day but all that is washed away by the warm and fuzzy feelings of togetherness. Later on, they catch the newest episode of the dad’s favorite show -- Dunia Terbalik. 10:00 PM Before hitting the bed, she recaps the things she did today. Rewriting school notes, studying a little and noting down a few things. It was a pretty fine day, she said to herself as she drifts off to sleep.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
TODAY I’M FEELING SICK A tale of the joys of severe intestinal distress and the utopian Indonesian medical system. It’s a typical Sunday morning, the sun is shining, the birds are chirping … uh-oh no, wait a minute - I’ve in the restroom for over than 15 minutes. MOOOM!!! The pain, the suffer, the horror of diarrhoea. “What did you eat? What did you drink? I’m not letting you hang out until late at night anymore, young lady!” [Gee thanks, MOM!] On the way to the stomach doctor (Fancy term be: Gastroenterologist) at the nearest local public hospital which is 10 minutes away (800m), I’m curled up holding my stomach at the back seat of my dad’s car. 10
Fun fact: There are 2 types of hospitals in Indonesia. Local Public Hospital = cheaper, is covered by the government, located remotely, traditional and family-like > less available doctors, average quality, less facilities, poor customer service, looong queue!!! Private Hospital = more expensive, you need to have insurance to be covered, located further from residential areas, just plain fancy and business-y < more doctors, larger in size, better quality, a lot of facilities, better customer service, almost no queue –
D A R A H M U D A
As me and my family walked in, I was greeted by the security guards and ladies in the front desk. Being a regular at a local public hospital could have its perks. Without registering first, we ran to the stomach area right away. THE LINE!!! A ton of people was sitting in the queue. This stomach doctor was the only one present today.
My dad decided to see the general practitioner, the nurses then led us the way. I was second in line, so I was forced to wait - at least it was better than the stomach doctor’s queue. “Today is the only day our Gastroenterologist is available here this week, so a lot of people would like to meet her” explained the Nurse. When I finally came into the GP’s office, she asked what my symptoms were, what medications have I taken (if any), what I eat and drink, how many times have I had the diarrhoea, etc. As I answered them all, she stethoscopes my stomach, made me inhale, exhale, also gave me a glass of water. She said due to the loss of liquids from my system, I had to hydrate more. Nothing was wrong with me, it was just a stomach flu - she told me to buy a regular local medicine to cleanse all the viruses from my stomach. The medicine could be bought in any drugstores or mini markets - no prescriptions needed. So me and my family went to the counter, they asked for my hospital card and after they checked me in - we only needed to pay for the general hospital charges, which was less than $5. We bought the medicine which was $2 at the mini market next to the hospital then went home. I felt much better after I took the medicine, and became more careful of what I ate and drink.
H E A L T H
General practitioner clinic activity in Papua. Courtesy of pegbintangkab.go.id
AIR QUALITY
WATER QUALITY
From 1997 to 2015, Indonesia has been known to experience an air pollution crisis like clock-work. Every dry season, farmers in Sumatra and Borneo clear their land with fire, just as they have since the 1400s. The problem is, the farms are now massive industrial plantations, and the fires spread for thousands of acres. Air quality can dip so low that mass panic spreads in the areas affected, and the burning season has damaged Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s standing with its Southeast Asian neighbors.
Unsafe drinking water is the main cause of diarrhoea, which is a major threat to young children in Indonesia. According to UNICEF diarrhoea caused by unsafe drinking water lead to the death of 31% of children between the age of 1 month to a year, and 25% of children between a year to 4 years old in Indonesia.
DISEASE Indonesia was ranked 3rd in Southeast Asia with 130,000 HIV/AIDS cases and 2,400 deaths. Among other diseases that have made frequent visits in Indonesia are dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), and avian influenza. Facts: In 2005 there were 303 reported cases of polio in Indonesia. Diabetes is increasing at a rate of about 6% a year.
11
SMOKING The rate of smoking is very high and about 400,000 die each year from smoking related illnesses. The tobacco industry is almost completely unregulated.
NUTRITION Of the 24.5 million children under the age of 5 in Indonesia, 37% are stunted. These undernourished children have an increased risk of mortality, illness and infections, delayed development, cognitive deficits, poorer school performance, and fewer years in school.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
MASUK ANGIN Indonesia’s mystery illness! No one can explain it! No one can stop it!
Masuk Angin (masuk means enter, angin means wind) is a sickness caused due to uneven gas inside the body. Although Masuk Angin is a real disease, there is currently no medical evidence to support this claim. That’s because scientists and doctors are both wrong and have never been to Indonesia. If they had, they would knows that many people suffer from Masuk Angin.
THE CAUSE 12
What is causing this phenomenon, you ask? THE WEATHER! Sudden shifts in climate cause chaos with the internal combustion of a human being. When it’s really hot outside, people tend to look for an air conditioned room or really cold places, then go outside again in the heat or rain. These sudden changes is what makes Masuk Angin a common, annoying, very serious disease.
shut up
Again, — this is a real disease and if you laugh again we will reach out of this paper and hit you.
INDICATION OF MASUK ANGIN 1.
Fever
6.
Diarrhea
2.
Always feeling cold
7.
Nausea and Vomiting Decreased appetite
3.
Hiccups
8.
D A R A H
4.
Bloat
9.
5.
Being tired and sleepy
M U D A
“Kerokan” painting by unknown. Courtesy of Google
Cold Sweat 10. Difficulties to burp or fart
H E A L T H
BREAK THE BACK A devious, impossible to detect enemy like Masuk Angin cannot be defeated by normal means. We have compiled the following list of cures, all of which are effective.
Eucalyptus Oil
Red Onion
Garlic
Ginger
Saint of all remedies! Indonesians uses Eucalyptus Oil for literally any occasion. In this case, the warm sensation after application (usually applied on the stomach, neck, behind the neck and forehead) could relieve some of the gases trapped inside the body.
is the remedy customarily for children - apply softened Red Onion evenly on the child’s stomach, chest and neck. This is capable of removing the excessive gas in the body, stabilizing blood circulation, and keeping the body warm.
is the equivalent remedy for teens and adults - you can choose to eat them raw or include them in your cooking.
is a traditional herb known to help warm the body, overcome bloating, and stabilize blood circulation. Grate some ginger, then boil and strain - you could add sugar and lemon extract to lessen the spice of the Ginger. Drink it with your favorite snacks!
Boiled Papaya Leaves Extract
Sweet Potatoes
Scraping Massage (Kerokan)
Important Note:
has been known to be the most effective remedy of them all! There’s a catch in drinking it though — the taste is... bitter. Bitter like the tears of western science, for instance. If you really can’t stand it, try to stir fry the Papaya Leaves (but the effect won’t be as good as drinking the heated extract).
is the go-to remedy, especially during rainy seasons. Complete with ginger, pepper, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon - boil them all together, after a while strain and separate the water in a glass, ready to drink!
is the traditional treatment that is most associated with Masuk Angin. Matter of fact, this is a two person job. First you have to rub eucalyptus oil on your back and neck, then have the other person massage and scrape your back and neck using a small coin. Medically, this turned out as an effective way to cure the sickness because the body will produce thiamin, a natural substance very useful for reducing pain.
Kerokan is not for amateurs. It must be done slowly and carefully with the least amount of pressure possible. It can (does!) cause blood vessel to rupture.
13
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
Pop Culture
ALL WE WANNA DO IS POP STYLE. A Brief Journey Into The Pop Culture Mind of Indonesians. WE’RE GONNA HAVE A TV PARTY TONIGHT Most Indonesians watch television as their main source of entertainment. Why? Because most Indonesians have a tv set in their home, making it an easy and accessible entertainment source. Indonesian television shows
all the things you’d expect — news, football, heavily, heavily edited Western movies — but two things dominate TV time like no other. The most popular programs in Indonesian television are called:
14
SINETRON a.k.a soap opera a.k.a telenovela a.k.a serial D A R A H M U D A
Tukang Bubur Naik Haji is one of the most successful sinetron in Indonesia created by RCTI. Courtesy of MNC TV
The average sinetron mostly revolves around romance in various settings — be it work, school, and occasionally paranormal. Some of the most beloved sinetrons have a thousands of episodes, their plots a tangle of years of storytelling, twists and turns, replaced actors, and new trends. Impossible for the non-devoted to understand, but longevity has gotta count for something, right? Comedy shows are also popular amongst Indonesians, ranging from prank shows, sitcoms, comedy talk shows, and the king of them all: sketch comedy. Comedy sketches shows like Opera Van Java are a huge gateway for actors looking to break into mega-stardom. The comedy on display is loud, physical, and unrelentingly paced. Indonesian television is also overflowing with talent shows, and the talent shows that bring in the most viewers? Singing competitions. Our relationship with music is obsessive, crosses all generational boundaries, and stands equally in our hearts next to whatever is coming out at the moment from America or Korea.
P O P
Dangdut music is the beating heart of working class Indonesia, and you cannot discuss Indonesian pop culture without mentioning it. Stylistically similar in some ways to the Bollywood music that influenced its beginnings, dangdut is a strange and potent brew of traditional Indonesian rhythms married to elements of Indian dance music, Western disco, and late seventies arena rock. It’s 1970s piedpiper was the meticulously coiffed Rhoma Irama, who went on to become a not just a massively popular musician but also a powerful political voice.
C U L T U R E
That last part is where things begin to get a little odd.
DANGDUT
Dangdut is a working class music — the songs are primarily about heartbreak, romance, struggle, and celebration. It is one of the few places in Indonesian life where people genuinely cut loose without worrying about cultural mores; the female performers are risque by even western standards, and the traditional male dance moves involve a great deal more gyration than many are used to seeing. It is a release valve for a nation that works hard and rarely gets ahead. In that libertine culture, Rhoma Irama would later return in his political guise to attempt to outlaw many of the performers of the musical style he had created for fostering immorality. The King of Dangdut attempted to purge his kingdom — to little effect. Dangdut remains incredibly popular.
15
White Shoes and The Couples Company is one of the leading indie band in Indonesia. Courtesy of Rolling Stone Indonesia.
We’re So Indie
The independent music scene is also thriving here. For the youth, the young-at-hearts, and the rebels, going indie is the only way. Indonesia’s indie music scene is one of the biggest in Southeast Asia, both revered and tight-knit with the neighboring countries, Indonesia has numerous acts that are internationally acclaimed. The huge genres within the sphere are indie rock/pop, punk and its offshoots, metal (each and every kind of them), folk, and lots of other stuff but in the far realms you can find more bizarre acts playing harsh noise, free jazz, drone, experimental ambient, and other strange wonders. The coolest part of it all? They all have a place. In a lot of parts of Indonesia you can find indie gigs almost every weekend, be it a small studio show filled with sweaty dudes or a big concert held within the woods. Like we said earlier, it’s a thriving scene. Geographically speaking, Jakarta as the capital has a real diverse and unique sounds, ranging from the jangly-guitar driven bands or the bumpy IDM. Bandung has drawn comparisons to Manchester, due to its weather and youth culture while Yogyakarta is a treasure trove of musical talents and artistry. Surabaya is tight-knit and Palembang is dangerous and unpredictable. We could go on and on but we’re just gonna leave you with some local acts worth checking; Sajama Cut, Sigmun, Jirapah, Rabu,
and Vague.
Do hit us up if you’re interested in more of them.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
Generational Changes One of the things that a lot of people don’t get about Indonesia is the insane speed that life has changed here, all in living memory.
Our cultural identity is changing so fast that it can be hard to get your head around it. This is us. 16
D A R A H M U D A
Young Indonesian girl on Kartini Day 2015. Taken from google, Courtesy of unknown.
Baby Boomers
Generation X
Born between 1946 and 1964, during the post–World War II liberation of Indonesia from the Dutch, and the rise of the New Order in 1965. We can just call it the grandparent’s era. They experienced and lived through a lot of things that most people could barely imagine.
Let’s just say that these guys were born between 1965 and 1980. They grew-up in a dictatorship and had a cult of personality dropped on them by the Indonesian government. Most of them didn’t cast their first vote until they were in their 30s. We can just call it the parent’s era.
Millennials
Generation Z
We are so not writing a thing about Millennials here. The first generation to grow up mostly in a democracy. We can call this the elder sister’s era.
People born after 1995. We use the internet better than you, our taste in music exceeds yours, and we grew-up in a world where you could talk to anyone at any time, even if you live in rural Papua. We can call this “her” era.
MOM & ME
My mom grew-up in a world that looks like this:
And I grew up in a world that looks like this:
So, think about that for a moment.
-Centralized government -Press restriction -The 3 party system in 1973 -The Monetary crisis of 1998
-Decentralized government -Freedom of the press -Multi-party system -Social media grows -Digital technology in daily life
My mom era. Courtesy of kapanlagi.com
G E N E R A T I O N A L C H A N G E S
My era. Courtesy of republika.com
How do we even talk to each other sometimes?
THE CHANGING TIMES
The Gen X president with his family. Courtesy of Tribunnews.com
Our grandparents, the Indonesian Baby Boomers, grew up in the postcolonialism era: they were politically radical and learned how to struggle as citizens of a newly independent country. This made them teach their children (Generation X) to act in the spirit of the era: “belajar hidup susah” or in other words learn how to struggle in life. They were strict, worked hard, and didn’t believe in giving gifts lightly. They also lived in the New Order regime. A regime where voices were silenced. Having an opinion that crossed your parents was something taboo, because your parents knew where dangerous opinions led. Family was a castle: it was strong, it protected, and it was sacred. This is quite different with Generation X parenting system. After being raised
by the Indonesian Baby Boomers, they wanted the struggle of the previous generation to have meant something. As the opposite of their parents, this generation thinks that they don’t want their kids to “hidup susah” like them. They want their kids to enjoy their life. They elected a Gen X president who shares their values. Their kids are Millennials and Gen Z.
17
And this is us. We can mostly say what we want. Even the cultural restrictions placed on us can be worked around by YouTube. The poorest among us are still wealthy in ways our grandparents could have never conceived of. We are trying to figure out what it means to be Indonesian in a world where so many things are possible. D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
Geography *Alert: In this section, the writer will be speaking in the first-person narrative*
Speaking of geography, a quick story. I would like to thank my grandparents for joining the transmigration program nearly 57 years ago and moving to Balikpapan — a city in then still isolated East Borneo, from Sleman — a city on the edges of the majestic jewel that is Jogjakarta.
The truth is I’m not even Dayak. (Dayak being the people who have lived in Indonesian Borneo for thousands of years.)
I know this doesn’t relate to the actual study of g-e-o-g-r-a-p-h-y. But as I grew, I learned first hand about Indonesia’s rather mad geography because I lived in it. This is foreshadowing! I know how to foreshadow better than anyone.
18
D A R A H M U D A
All of my grandparents’ children were born in Balikpapan. 4 of my uncles and my mom were born in Balikpapan. Fast forward to 1993, I was born in Balikpapan. So were my sister and my brother.
So yes, I filled “Balikpapan” on my Facebook’s hometown field.
The human of the Heart of Borneo. Courtesy of Wikipedia
Now we come closer to the geographical part. I spent my first 18 years of life in Balikpapan. Then I moved to Bandung — a city in East Java, to continue my study. Living alone in a new city and getting a “where are you from?” is not a brand new thing for me. These are the most common reactions when I told people that I came from Balikpapan:
More personal geography: My mom met my dad when she was in college in Jogja, and my dad is Sumatran. We lived in Balikpapan, the business capital of East Borneo. Foreign and domestic companies, mostly in the coal and oil sectors, have been carrying out business for dozens of years. It’s an ethnically heterogeneous city with various ethnic and urban tribes.
G E O G R A P H Y
In ten minutes at a local market, you can meet Javanese, Bataknese, Banjar, Bugis, Chinese, Manado, Padang, Dayak, or any other person who originally came from somewhere else in Indonesia. Due to its diversity and culture, we speak pure Indonesian. We don’t have any local language, but there are Banjar and Bugis influence in its accent. In a lot of ways, Balikpapan is one of the the first real Indonesian cities.
Meanwhile, Bandung is the capital city of West Java also Indonesia’s third largest metropolis. Bandung is Sunda. Sunda as in the proud Kingdom of Sunda, ancient as Greece and just as storied. As in, Sunda, which has it’s own independent language and traditions. If I found out that Balikpapan is more of a worker city, Bandung is quite different. It’s a creative city with various galleries and artspace. Bandung was my home for 4.5 years.
19
Fast forward to 2016 when I had to move to Jakarta. Yes, to the capital city of Indonesia. 20 million people, all smashed into a tiny space and making money and sucking exhaust from the traffic that will never, ever end. Jakarta is so massive that it has its own language. It probably has its own gravity, like a weird, mall-filled star. And to the point: Jakartans ask me “where are you from?”... I don’t really know how Jakarta. Courtesy of Wikipedia
to answer to that. I can just say that I come from Bandung, but my little heart denies it because I don’t originally come from Bandung. If I told them that I come from Balikpapan, it’s also not 100% right because I literally just came and moved from Bandung. And I don’t wanna get that another “Are you a Dayak?” question — people are just too busy to listen to the stories of the half blood Sumatran and Javanese in me. The thing is, Indonesia’s geography will make a wanderer wonder about where their home is anyway. A wanderer like me who finds different contentment in every places where s/he live in Indonesia. Yes, Indonesia is a place that makes me wander and ask myself, “where do I come from?”.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
JOURNEY TO THE DARK INTERNET HEART OF Z What makes the Indonesian internet teen tick? We’ve talked to a carefully chosen group of Indonesian Generation Zs to reveal their Internet closely guarded habits. Raised on a steady of diet of 1s and 0s since birth, can these teenagers live without the Internet? Let us find out more.
School facilities including computers. Source: puskom.uny. ac.id
WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN YOU’RE OUT OF CELLULAR DATA OR YOUR HOME’S WI-FI IS NOT WORKING? 20
“
Actually... it’s never happened to me.
I will ask everyone in my house to share their personal hotspot.
“
“
I would just watch the telly or ask someone to buy me cellular data.
“
It stresses me out. I will borrow my brother’s phone to browse or I’ll just ask him some money.
“
I will go out and play with my friends or I will just sleep in my house. Of course I’ll ask my mother to top up the cellular data or pay the Wi-Fi bill and turn it on ASAP.
“
“
“
“
M U D A
I will play offline games or do my homework. I can still live without the Internet, as long as the electricity doesn’t go off.
I would remind my mom to top up my phone credit or ask her to pay the Wi-Fi’s monthly bill. But if there’s no Internet at all, I would play offline games or watch TV or read some books or sleep or eat. Sometimes I would just listen to the music. Or take a bath to shoo away the boredom.
“
“
“
D A R A H
“
“
It’s easy peasy. I would play games that don’t require internet connections.
“
“
I’ll ask someone to buy me phone credit.
“
“
I usually push myself to go out and top up my phone credit to buy cellular data.
“
“
WHAT ARE THE APPS THAT YOU OR YOUR FRIENDS USE THE MOST?
HOW OLD WERE YOU WHEN YOU GOT YOUR FIRST CELL PHONE?
The Average? 9-years-old The Youngest 3-years-old The Oldest? 14 years-old WHAT WILL YOU DO WHEN YOU QUICKLY NEED HELP ON YOUR HOMEWORK? 1. 2. 3. 4.
Search for it on Google Ask a friend. Ask my tutor (from an after school course) Ask my parents or my brother/sister
WHAT DOES TECHNOLOGY MEAN TO YOU?
WHAT ARE GADGETS THAT YOU OWN?
• •
1. 2. 3. 4.
•
It’s a part of entertainment It helps me catching up with all of the things going on around me It’s how I socialize.
Cellphone Laptop Tablet Ipad
Fun fact: They spend an average of 10 hours a day with their gadget.
WHAT’S THE MOST ANNOYING THING FOR YOU?
• • • • • • • • • • • •
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Kids aged under 5 year olds have access to the internet. Source: studentcms. ise.canberra. edu.au
21
WHAT ARE THE WEBSITE THAT YOU OFTEN BROWSE? Youtube.com Mangafox.me webtoons.com Wattpad.com Youtube.com Twitch.tv Soundcloud.com Mixcloud.com Google.com Wikipedia.com Tumblr.com Pinterest.com
I N T E R N E T
If I couldn’t buy an iPhone 6S. My bully friend. When my SD card is not detected. If someone says that I’ve gained weight. When I can’t bring my cellphone to school. When I get bad scores at school. When I can’t watch 1D’s concert. When I’m out of cellular data.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
Good God! What’s the first thing that pops into your mind when you find these keywords: “Indonesia” and “religion”? What’s the first thing that pops into your mind when you find these keywords: “Indonesia” and “religion? A country with largest Muslim population in the world? True! We have 13% of the world’s Muslim population. But!
That doesn’t make Indonesia a Muslim country like our neighboring oil-and-Ferrari enthusiast cousins, Brunei. We don’t practice Sharia law… except for Aceh, the only special region In Indonesia which mostly lives according to Sharia customs and laws as part of an autonomy package since 2003.
22
The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion. You just have to pick one. Indonesian ID cards contain a field for the citizen’s religion affiliation and it has to be shown according to the draft law. Your religion is used for legal purposes like marriage, personal affairs, birth certificates, and census data. International Tolerance Day 2016. Courtesy of CNN Indonesia
Islam
Protestantism
The government recognises only six official religions. Catholicism
Hinduism
D A R A H M U D A
Buddhism
Confucianism
IN THE BEGINNING
a couple thousand years, traditions just don’t go away that quickly. What about the citizens whose beliefs fall outside the sanctioned six faiths? In some cases, they may have classified themselves under one of the official religions, just like some Dayak Kaharingan (one of the indigenous beliefs in Borneo) have identified themselves as Hindu to avoid pressure to convert to Islam or Christianity.
Before any supreme deity or monotheism arrived in Indonesia, Animism had existed since Indonesia’s earliest history. It still does! We just now call it indigenous belief, which is officially followed by 1% of Indonesian populations and unofficially kind of believed in by lots more. We’ve had
In some cases, they are often denied services and basic constitutional rights. A Sunda Wiwitan (one of an indigenous beliefs in West Java) kid cannot get into school because she doesn’t have a birth certificate because her parents’ wedding was not approved by the state.
Rice Harvest Ceremony of Sunda Wiwitan Religion.Courtesy of kompasmuda.com
R E L I G I O N
23
INDONESIA-IZED Despite this government-religion stuff, acculturation makes Indonesian religious life more alive. Indonesia’s multitude of cultures have grown and changed the faiths that have come here, making them more in tune with what it is to be Indonesia.
Javanese New Year. That is, to put in lightly, not an orthodox practice. We take from the world what we want, and we make it Indonesian.
Here in Indonesia, the Hindus have Nyepi, a “Day of Silence” to commemorate every Saka new year. A thing that Indian Hindus don’t have. Some Javanese Muslim celebrate Islamic New Year by having a commemoration of 1 Suro — an integration of Hindu, Islamic, and Javanese tradition by establishing a new year of Muharram as
A Special Report on Atheism
Hari Raya Nyepi in Bali. Courtesy of Yoga Art
--
CAN I NOT BE RELIGIOUS? No. BUT WHAT ABOUT… No. SO, BUT WHAT IF… Seriously, no.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
Government In 1945, centuries of brutal Dutch rule of Indonesia came smashing down. Indonesia was free to seek out its own destiny. Now we just had to figure out how to make that work. Indonesia is now characterized… wait for it… as a Presidential Representative Democratic Republic, where the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. The government practices executive power.
Legislative power power is vested in both the government and the two People’s Representative Councils. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Uh, perhaps just refer to the diagram.
1945 Constitution
BPK 24
MPR DPR DPD
President Vice President
MPR = People’s Consultative Assembly DPR = People’s Representative Council BPK = Supreme Adult Agency DPD = Regional Representative Council
MA
MK
KY
MA = Supreme Court MK = Constitutional Court KY= Juridical Commission DPA = Supreme Advisory Council
Because this is just about the government we have now and not the government we had then, we’ll just be talking about how things work today. A short history of the intervening years:
Independence! -> Democratic socialism led by President Soekarno -> A coup led by General Soeharto -> Thirty years of the New Order -> Restoration of democracy
D A R A H M U D A
Soeharto was the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years. Courtesy of LIFE magazine
The fall of Soeharto’s New Order marked the beginning of freedom of speech. Every election in Indonesia is regarded to be free and fair. But still, the nation is not free from corruption, nepotism, collusion as well as moneypolitics. It is still a growing process for Indonesia towards becoming a full democracy nation.
After decades of authoritarian rule, Indonesian politics were to be reformed in order to give the Indonesian people more power in the process of political and economic decision making. This new period is known as the period of Reformation and is marked by structural changes (e.g letting other regions outside Java to contribute more and limits the power of presidency).
Currently, Joko (Jokowi!) Widodo’s Working Cabinet (2014-present) is in office. Jokowi’s win was widely seen as a breath of fresh air in the politics of Indonesia. Coming from a non-military background and not belonging to one of the country’s prominent political families, Jokowi stood as an icon of populist empowerment. After years of being ruled from on high, Jokowi’s humble background and hard work build such a strong image which people find so relatable.
PARTY PEOPLE
The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Indonesia is a multi-party democracy. Here are some of the many, many parties that make the government work — or not work, depending on circumstance.
The Party of the Service Society
The Great Indonesia Movement Party
The PDI-P was founded by Soekarno’s daughter, Megawati Soekarnoputri during the New Order. They are presently the party in power, representing by President Joko Widodo.
The party known as Golkar were the ruling party in Soeharto’s New Order. Despite this, they are still an extremely powerful part of the Indonesian government
Founded in 2008 by the family of New Order general Prabowo Subianto, Gerindra emphasizes strident nationalism and conservative religious identity. The second biggest party in Indonesia.
Democratic Party of Indonesia
The United Development Party
The Prosperous Justice Party
When then-general Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono needed a party to run for office in 2004, he just made his own. And won! Twice! Currently suffering an identity crisis.
During the New Order, the PPP was the only Islamic party allowed to operate in government. It’s power has shrunk dramatically following a series of major corruption arrests.
Indonesia’s leading Islamic party and a fierce proponent of extremely conservative social policies. The sole reason you cannot use VIMEO in Indonesia
G O V E R N M E N T
25
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
THE ECONOMICS OF THE STOMACH
Now this is not a super heavy information-dump about Indonesia’s economic development backed up with research. Do we look like the Economist to you?
(No, we mean that quite seriously. Do we? Because they’re so classy and elegant. We bet that their writers exist on a personal diet of charm, sparkling mineral water, and artisanal nicoise salad plates.) This is about how Indonesians, especially the youth, handle their money. 26
So, you’re young, you’re living with your mom and dad, and you’ve yet to discover the heart-breaking reality of adult finance. Where does the money go? Food. We eat. And then we eat. And then we eat. And then, assuming there is still money left, we eat more. We even have a word for it:
Courtesy of http://ilman-gallery.blogspot.co.id/2012/05/foto-pesta-barbeque-anak-kos.html
D A R A H M U D A
JAJAN (n) the art of slowly but surely eating your way through the day And why? Because temptation is everywhere! You go outside your house and there’s tukang bakso (meatball stall) like, on the street outside. There seems to be a street food stall for every two people in a major city. Not to mention the hundreds — nay, thousands! — of warung (tiny shops that sells snacks and house supplies) across the city, even in the most secluded areas.
the arisan
http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/banking-finance/rupiah-heads-for-biggest-drop-since-2011to-lead-asia-declines
The Arisan is an event where a number of friends gather, put in an agreed amount of money, shuffle their names, and give the collected money to the person whose name gets drawn. It’s not gambling. It may look like gambling and have all the same ethics and odds and luck of gambling, but it is not gambling. Gambling is illegal. This is an arisan. Usually a group of friends will hold this event periodically — once a month, at most! — with the previous winner’s name removed from the shuffle. We Indonesians really love to gather and socialize, so this is just one of those events where people can gather and meet each other. How prevalent is this mutated children’s game of chance? Ask the women who became stars from appearing in the Indonesian blockbuster film Arisan. Or the people who starred in Arisan 2. Or the people working on pre-production of Arisan 3.
Delicious Market Munchies from Indonesia. Courtesy of Kompas
money
why?
First, food here is priced affordably. Second, that’s what you do with your friends. You eat. You talk. You hang out. Then you eat again. And you talk. And you hang out. Food is about eating, but it’s also a pretext for being out with your social circle. The mall? Do you know how much the mall costs?!
E C O N O M I C S
You’re pre-work and post-eating whatever your mom leaves on the table for you. Where does the money for your independent life come from? Unless you’re old enough to work — with $200 as the minimum pay per month, which sucks, btw — there’s no other source for income other than your parents. Most kids receive a small daily allowance from their parents, but the optimal word is small — just enough so that you can get something to eat at school.
27
It was out of this childhood need for fun money that arose our greatest invention.
Women on arisan often gather in various places, for example in the restaurant. Courtesy of sajiansambara.com. D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
On Fashion Indonesia and fashion are two inseparable things. To begin? We invented one of the first examples of couture.
Batik, the traditional fashion-styling of Indonesian dress, is a customized pattern made by highly trained artisans and premiered before royals and dignitaries. The best fashion designers were prized as highly as religious scholars and the most righteous and wise of government officials. We were revolutionizing Asian fashion in the 12th century. 28
Both on the runway and the streets, we display fashion as the extension of our identity. What we cannot say outloud, we say with our clothes. HIGH FASHION In the fashion-forward scene we have Tex Saverio â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Lady Gagaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s muse. Peggy Hartanto, whose work has been worn by the A-listers of Hollywood. Anniesa Hasibuan, who became the first Indonesian designer to feature a hijab collection at the New York Fashion Week in 2016.
D A R A H M U D A
Indonesian fashion designer Windri Widiesta Dhari during the Nur Zahra 2014-2015 autumn/winter collection show at Tokyo Fashion Week. Courtesy of Time of Israel
F A S H I O N
HIJAB HIGH NOTES
Aditira Hanim, one of Indonesian that got featured in @ootdindo’s instagram page
With the recent turn to conservative dress, Hijab fashion has been in the spotlight. The works of Dian Pelangi, Jenahara Nasution and Ria Miranda have become call-outs and guideposts for what is possible in Muslim fashion for the world. This has drawn the attention of the government. They’ve announced plans to aggressively export Indonesia’s Islamic fashion work to other Asian countries and Europe. The end goal? Indonesia’s wants to be the global capital of Islamic fashion by 2020.
29
OOTD The rise of fashion bloggers and social media in Indonesia has changed Indonesian fashion — not just in the cities, but in the villages. Instagram stars are aspirational figures. People are simultaneously inspired by each other and seeking to out-do one another. What starts as a singular trend mutates under the deft hands of millions of Indonesian girls and becomes something else. Take it to the street and you’ll see the true face of Indonesia’s fashion. Or try to take a peek into Indonesia’s most trending fashion hashtags: #ootdindonesia, #lookbookindonesia or straight to @ OOTDINDO profile.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
KELUARGA BESAR 1. Family always comes first. 2. Indonesian families are weird, and we’re happy that way.
In most regions, the home is traditionally dominated by the father. The mother is responsible for raising children and caring for the household. Manners, morals and traditions are taught through generation-aftergeneration. Elder siblings take a mentoring role to the younger ones. Indonesians place great value upon their family harmony. In short: we know the family rules and we follow them. Which you know… Asia. There will be shared rooms. Asian parents just like to cramp their kids in one room. We will sleep together, even bathe together! At least until one of the kids hit puberty. Also, there’s The Dining Table Rule. What even is that? It comes from the belief that
30
“
“
After a great deal of personal study, I have two rules that I think apply to all Indonesian families:
no problem cannot be solved while eating. So, dinner time is used for family to gather and chat. The attendance of every family member is mandatory. No one will start eating, not until everyone sits on the table. And everyone shares about their day. How was school? Don’t play with that kid, he is a bad influence,
D A R A H M U D A
You know what? Lately the price of red chile sauce is insane! Dining together is a common activity in Indonesia. Source: polsekrambatan. blogspot.com
Work was fine today but we’re planning to… ...etc.
F A M I L Y When someone has reached the standard age of adulthood, i.e 18 years old, their family still are very involved in whatever decision they make. Curfews are set for most teenagers and most young adults still live with their parents when they’re single. The relationship might get distant as they grow up and start their own life, and for those who live away from their parents to study or work, they should contribute to the family’s welfare. YOU’RE IN FOR LIFE Different than the Western independence where the child can completely disconnect from the family themselves as they enter adulthood, family is an obligation that is lifelong. Children are expected to care for their parents throughout their life as hierarchies and obligations change and evolve. Parents view this as:
balas budi a.k.a returning the favor a.k.a I changed your diapers, now you change mine
There’s also an unwritten rule of when you’re about to marry someone, you’re marrying their whole family. You have to include their dad, mom, brothers or sisters into your life too.
Kissing the back of parents’s hand before leaving the house is a sign of respect. Source: www.antarajatim.com
31
If you’re wondering: yes, that means that you now have two sets of parents that you have to please at all times. This creates a massive network of familial support for times of crisis, and also means that we’re all quietly going insane under the pressure of trying to please everyone.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
Language At 1,904,569 square kilometres with over 260 million people, Indonesia is really, really big — both figuratively and literally. Indonesia has 34 provinces and 700 living local languages. That creates something of a communications issue. Thus the existence of Bahasa Indonesia. Literally, it means the language of Indonesia. With Bahasa Indonesia, everyone across Indonesia could communicate to each other. We all kept our regional languages, we just added one more to the pile and forced everyone to learn it.
ORIGIN STORY Bahasa Indonesia is derived from Malay, but is also heavily influenced by Dutch and Javanese. As an island nation heavily influenced by regional shipping, Malay was often used as a trade language so that commerce could be carried out between different ports. When Indonesian was adopted, Malay just seemed like a good place to start. 32
Fun Fact: Indonesia is the largest multilingual population in the world. Even if you learn Indonesian, we can still make fun of you in a language you don’t understand.
Examples In English:
Examples In Bahasa Indonesia:
I eat rice
Saya makan nasi
[completed actions] I ate or have eaten rice
Saya telah makan nasi
I ate or have eaten rice
Saya sudah makan nasi
[future actions] I will eat rice
FEELING TENSE Indonesian tenses are not very different from English (Subject + Verb + Object)
D A R A H M U D A
Fun Fact: Indonesian verbs do not change between tenses. To indicate the past or future only requires inserting words that describes the time.
Saya akan makan nasi
[actions in progress] I am eating rice
Saya sedang makan nasi
I ate rice yesterday
Saya makan nasi kemarin
Yesterday, I ate rice
Kemarin, saya makan nasi
Side Note: The main verb (“makan” = to eat) is unchanged
L A N G U A G E Japanese students learning Indonesian language. Courtesy of Tempo.com
HIS or HER
Another awesome factor of Bahasa Indonesia is the fact that there are no Gender pronouns. For example: English use he, his, him, she and her - Bahasa Indonesia only uses dia, no matter what gender. English use brother and sister - Bahasa Indonesia uses kakak as older sibling and adik as younger sibling, again no matter what gender. Quite a nice angle on gender equality, Bravo Bahasa Indonesia!!!
33
English
Formal
I
Saya
Aku
-ku
You
Anda
Kamu
-mu
He/She/It
Beliau
Dia
-nya
We (inclusive)
Kita
Kita
Kita
We (exclusive)
Kami
Kami
Kami
Informal
Informal Possessive
You (Plural)
Kalian
Kalian
Kalian
They
Mereka
Kalian
Mereka
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
LANGUAGES & LOCATION Not 100% of EVERYONE can speak Bahasa Indonesia. What’s keeping those hold-outs from from getting on board the linguistic boat? Geography and economy, mostly. Bahasa Indonesia is the the working language in schools and offices and taught from elementary school, but not everyone has the access and opportunity.
In Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Languages of Indonesia, it states: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.”
Regions that are deeply isolated by their location often have developed rich linguistic traditions that have kept Bahasa Indonesia from being the first language. Is that a concern for the Indonesian government? Yes, but not how you’d think.
It has been a concern to educate not only in Bahasa Indonesia, but also to preserve local languages. Due to globalisation and increased cultural homogeneity, this has become a critical problem in some areas of Indonesia.
WHO SPEAKS WHAT AND WHERE How are you?
Apa kabar?
Piye kabare?
Kumaha damang?
Language
Indonesian
Javanese
Sundanese
Speakers (by the million)
210
84
34
Where they speak it
Pretty much everywhere
Central and East Java
West Java
Apo kaba?
Dhe’ remma kabereh?
Pedio kabarnyo?
Language
Minangkabau
Madurese
Musi
Speakers (by the million)
13
5
4
Where they speak it
Madura Island
West Sumatra
South Sumatra
Apa Kabar, Jo?
Kenken kabare?
Gimane kabarnye?
Language
Manado
Balinese
Betawi
Speakers (by the million)
3
3
2.7
Where they speak it
North Sulawesi
Bali
Jakarta
34
How are you?
D A R A H M U D A
How are you?
L A N G U A G E
BAHASA GAUL a.k.a street language
Wherever you go, there will be slang/ street words. And so in Indonesia. Here we compile the most gaul of them all.
WOLES
SABI
SKIP
NONGKRONG
To take things slow. Or have a chill attitude.
Originating from ‘bisa’ which means ‘sure’ or ‘can’. Indonesians love to reverse words.
An excuse casually said when someone is forgetful
Hanging out.
35
GILS
BASI
UNCH
HACEP
Something ultimately crazy you can’t wrap your brain around
Lame. Not funny. Such a passé
Something so cute you just can’t
The reverse of ‘pecah’ which means ‘broke’. A metaphor when something is sooo good you’re about to burst into pieces
“Anak Gaul Jakarta”. Courtesy of Neighbourlist.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
GET SCHOOLED The Indonesian education system can be a bit… complicated. Depending on who you are, where you are, and how much money you have, the experience of going to school changes a lot. The organization structure, however? That says pretty much the same.
36
Ages 3-5
Ages 6-11
Ages 12-14
Ages 15-17
Taman Kanak-kanak (TK) Kindergarten
Sekolah Dasar (SD) Elementary School
Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Middle School
Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) High School Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Vocational School
From there, everyone gets a different experience.
NATIONAL EDUCATION Public schools are scattered across Indonesia, and the quality differs wildly from region to region. In rural areas especially, a limited amount of qualified teachers and poor access to resources have hindered the success of government education programs. These schools provide the basics of education — literacy, mathematics, and nationalist and religious education. Schooling is confined mostly to the earlier hours of the day, as many children may be expected to help out with family tasks after the school day is over.
D A R A H M U D A
Public shool students. Courtesy of tigaserangkai.com
In cities, the state of public schools are generally much higher. The tuition is a little bit higher than rural public schools, yet generally affordable — or even free — for most families. The hours are also different, as city public schools takes up almost the entire day. Starting in the 11th grade (second year of high school), students are divided into two available majors, science or social studies. This was created for students to focus on their interests earlier, so it would be easier to enter college with their chosen majors.
E D U C A T I O N
ISLAMIC SCHOOLS Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world, which makes the wide adaptation of pesantren (Islamic boarding school) fairly unsurprising. Usually located in rural areas and directed by a Muslim scholar, pesantren are attended by children seeking a thorough understanding of the Quran, the Arabic language, and Muslim traditions and history, as well as more modern subjects such as English, mathematics, and geography. Students can enter and leave any time of the year, because it is not set towards a graduation. The primary aim is to produce good Muslims. In the 1970s the Department of Religious Affairs advocated a newer variety of Islamic schools, the madrasah. A public school combining the teachings of Islam with general knowledge, in general government Islamic schools madrassa are ranked lower than a pesantren. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) is the Islamic schooling alternative to elementary school, a curriculum with much focus on Arabic and Islam. Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) is the Islamic schooling equivalent of middle school. Madrasah Aliyah (MA) is the Islamic schooling equivalent of high school.
37 Islamic school students, also called ‘santri’. Courtesy of KanalAceh
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION There are a number of International schools in Indonesia, mostly located in Jakarta. Aside from that, some public schools have bilingual curriculums starting from elementary. Several years ago, a number of public high schools offered an International Class. They offer dualcertificate classes, one under the government and the other under Cambridge Certification. Classes were taught bilingually with two different books and exams. Students will receive two diplomas, one for national certification and the other Cambridge certification. This program was meant to make it easier for certain students to continue their education abroad, but it didn’t go as planned so recently they eliminated the whole program. While breathtakingly expensive in terms of tuition, many international schools in Indonesia fail to meet much of the academic criteria expected of them.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
According to UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s literacy rate is 93.9%. With gender differences by 4.7% - the male literacy is 96.3% as to the female literacy 91.5%.
38
Not bad for a developing nation, right?!
96.3%
male
91.5%
female
NOT BAD AT ALL! D A R A H M U D A
Learning to read has been included in most of Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s kindengarten. Courtesy of mansyaulhudaa.com
E D U C A T I O N
THE ‘FATHER’ OF EDUCATION If we’re talking about education in Indonesia, one person comes to mind - Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Aside from laying down the slogan tut wuri handayani — which can be seen sewn on to every school uniform across Indonesia today — he was an activist who instilled school education as a place of fun for children. Up to this day, his philosophy continues to be held as the foundation of education in Indonesia. Tut Wuri Handayani is one of the three principles of leadership taught by Ki Hajar Dewantara. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Father of Educaition in Indonesia. Courtesy of alchetron.com
Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani.
39
Ki Hadjar Dewantara
“For those in front should set an example, for those in the middle should raise their spirits, and for those behind should give encouragement” This principle is aimed at the teacher as someone who leads their students. Ing ngarso sung tulodo, means the one in front should give the example. Parents should set positive examples to their children, because children always copy what they see. Ing madyo mangun karso, means the one in the middle (students, parents and teacher) should build and create. Everyone involved should give ideas, innovate and support each other to create a conducive learning environment. Tut wuri handayani, means the rest should be strong in their support. Always pushing for the ideal education, without preventing anything - only motivate.
D A R A H M U D A
A Zine
National Ideals To understand Indonesia, you’ve got to understand Pancasila. And for non-Indonesians to understand how important Pancasila is to the nation… it’s kind of not easy. PANCASILA FOR BEGINNERS The ideology which everything in Indonesia based on is called Pancasila; it’s the official philosophical foundation of Indonesia. Pancasila consists of 5 principles:
40
Founding Father of Pancasila. Courtesy of mediasiswa.com
D A R A H M U D A
01.
Belief in the Entirety of God (Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa)
02.
Justice and Civilised Humanity (Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab)
03.
The Unity of Indonesia (Persatuan Indonesia)
04.
Democracy Led by Wisdom In the Consultative Representative (Kerakyatan Yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan, Dalam Permusyawaratan Perwakilan)
05.
Social Justice for all People of Indonesia (Keadilan Sosial bagi seluruh Rakyat Indonesia) Created in 1945 by Indonesia’s founding father, President Sukarno - Pancasila represents five aspects Indonesia should stand for. The first pillar emphasizes religiosity, the second on equality and integrity, third on nationalism, fourth on democracy and fifth on social welfare. In other words, you grow-up in Indonesia reciting Pancasila a lot. It is how the state understands itself.
N A T I O N A L I D E A S
Indonesia founding father, President Soekarno. Courtesy of Life Magazine.
BIG BIRD Another factor to Pancasila is the national emblem, the Garuda. Garuda is a mythical golden eagle that appears in Hindu and Buddhist mythology, a throwback to Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pre-Islamic past. The Garuda portrays strength and power, while the gold colour symbolize greatness and glory. The feathers are arranged so that they add up as the date of 17 August 1945, the Independence Day of Indonesia: The number of feathers on each wing: 17 The number of feathers on the tail: 8 The number of feathers below the shield: 19 The number of feathers on the neck: 45
41
UNITY IN DIVERSITY As a motto, Indonesia has inscribed Bhinneka Tunggal Ika: derived from an old Javanese phrase, which means Unity in Diversity. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s our answer on how to make a nation as large and ethnically diverse as ours function. The Garuda and motto can be found everywhere from official government to sport jerseys, symbols of the nation that are held with deepest respect. SPEAKING OF WHICH Of course, disrespect in any form towards the nation is frowned upon. Anyone who disrespects Garuda, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, Independence Day, Pancasila, the flag, or the constitution - especially, publicly may it be televised, recorded, written or on social media - are immediately subject to ridicule and taken in by the authorities.
D A R A H M U D A
Created by humans of: