Self-Education and Formal Education
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Portfolio English Journey
Moises Bustamante Yachay Tech University Language Program Yachay, Ecuador
Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language
GETTING GOALS: My English Journey By: Moises Bustamante ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROGRAM YACHAY TECH
Mark Poese February 25, 2017 Imbabura, Ecuador
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Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language
CONTENTS 1. Portfolio letter 4 2. Response Essay 7 3. Opinion Essay 12 4. Argumentative Essay 17 5. Final Research Project Essay 21 7. Thank you letter 30
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Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language
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Moises RenÊ Bustamante Torres Universidad Yachay Tech Imbabura, Ecuador February 23,2017 Dear Portfolio Reader, Hi, my name is Moises Bustamante. I want to start by thanking you for reading my English Language Portfolio. Learn other language is something amazing. I always was excited by reading book, watching movies, among other activities in English that I can´t because I do not understand this language. In this letter I will tell you some of the most important experiences I had in this class time. During this course I feel that I have improved significantly in my abilities to speak, write, read and listen. In the same way I feel more prepared to understand this language, therefore this letter is a detailed collection of my best works during the course. I show you my essays and a research project and you can analyze my evolution in the course. Over this course, my main goal during this semester was to improve my ability to speak, and write (generally understand). All our life we try to study English, but a lot of time it is not effective. The different presentations and works throughout the course gave me greater security. I have always been very shy about having to speak in public. This was beneficial because we can share emotions, opinions and comments. I feel that I have improved and now I have more confidence to express my ideas and opinions in a non-
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native language. During this level I learned to think fast, because I participated in different activities like debate and presentations where was indispensable to do the things very faster. We had a debate with interesting ideas from each side. I had been ready and prepared to faces any idea. Second, I want to tell you about new things that I have learned from my writing. My vocabulary and grammar have developed more. I learned many new things with all the essays and the readings in which we express ourselves and write our thoughts. For example, in reading where we were told that learning a new language influences a person's thinking, Besides, I learned more about the moral and ethic and its relationship with the science, this topic helps me to improve my goals when I obtain my career. These topics allow us to develop a critical thinking because these are topics that are involved in everything. In addition, I want to tell you about my research, because was a topic very difficult to understand for me, is called Holographic Universe, and I need to read a lot of physics, however I really love this subject. Now that the English course is over, I am ready to receive the fifth semester where I will receive all the subjects in English. It is time to put into practice what I have learned. Therefore, I am ready to finish my English course, where I take very pleasant memories, with friends and teachers from whom I learned lessons. I know that I have to improve in many aspects of my English, however I will continue with my studies. I agree, that my future studies will be more complicated, readings, presentations, which will be a challenge that I must overcome to achieve my goals, never surrender. I really hope to increase my capacity to understand the English language, but only depend of the practice. Thank you
Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language for reading my portfolio and being a part of my progress and I hope that you enjoyed with my job. Sincerely
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Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language
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Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language Study Essay Discussing Difference between Self Education and Formal Education Moises Bustamante Yachay Tech University
Crash Course L6-001 February 6, 2017
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Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language
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Self-Education and Formal Education Do you think that self-education is better than formal education? Self-education can be good in certain kinds of people because the majority of students only studied the necessary information for an exam or have sufficient knowledge on the topic. However, the university gives to the students the necessary skills for education. Although many students prefer formal education, this is linked to the education because often students after class, need to do research about a topic on a specific subject. As a university student, I have a formal education. Nevertheless, it is indispensable for the individual formation of each person. In my two years of studying, I observed a classmate who had a high level to selfeducation, including me. However, many of my acquaintances have chosen to have a selfeducation and they have failed. Self-education requires discipline. This implicates that all people could be self taught. However, the majority of students do not have the desire to learn from their house. Therefore, the desire to self-educate gives us a greater approach to achieving the goal. However, most self-educators fail, and this is due to their lack of consistency and discipline. “Deeper self-education requires more discipline than university, not less.� (Young, 2010), and this implicate compromise with self. Formal education gives more skills. This kind of education allows students to obtain a university degree. The university keeps its students concentrated the majority of time. The universities usually present homework, classwork, tests, and exams among others. However, we as students do not create a critical thought on the subject. This implies that
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when you get the knowledge, it is difficult to put into practice. However, Formal education help us to improve our ideas for the future and give us the tools to achieve the goal. It is necessary that we as students attempt to combine formal education with selfeducation. It is proven that only the 15% of the students achieve to understand absolutely all class. For this reason, I along with my group of classmates usually study after class. This combination between us allows us obtain a better knowledge about the topic. For example, after my class of Genetics, we are going to study and review certain things to strengthen our knowledge. However, if we want to be experts in this topic we need to study more, for example “If you wanted to spend a few months understanding evolutionary biology, you could probably read about a dozen books on the topic.” (Young, 2010). This implies that we need increases on our research, lectures about the topic, and hours of study. Life after to school required compromise, responsibilities increase, and within of it, life of university student. “Learning is not at all easy. In fact, it is really hard to learn alone at home from sites like Treehouse or similar. You are tempted to believe that this is easy but the truth is that you need a lot of motivation and discipline. For some people the process is easy but for most, formal education offered by colleges or universities is a lot better.” (Dzhingarov, 2015). In fact, as a student I believe that we are aware that the learning is a complicated way, but nowadays it is necessary. One reason why the Asian countries have had an incredible development these last years is because their organization. However, in Latin America and some countries of Europe, the students do not have a plan of studies. For this reason, the importance of the curriculum has been demonstrated to be essential in the lives of people. “Therefore I
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believe any self-education attempt needs to find a curriculum early on.� (Young, 2010), because, the university give us a plan studies. In conclusion, self-education provides that the student has more compromised with self. However, the reason why the majority of self-taught fail is lack of discipline. Meanwhile, the formal education gives us the necessary tools to continue with our studies. Also, it gives us a curriculum and this allows us to have organization in our student life. I think to be successful, we need to combine the self-education and formal education, because in class we do not all the time understand the subject. And it is necessary to work our own preparation. In fact, I try to combine both education and until now, this has effective for me and many classmates that I meet. The student must be self taught to improve his capacity of learning.
References Dzhingarov, B. (2015, July 30). Self-Education versus Formal Education – Which Is Better in the Tech Industry? Retrieved February 06, 2017, from http://tech.co/selfeducation-versus-formal-education-better-tech-industry-2015-07 Young, S. (2010, February). Why Self-Educated Learners Often Come Up Short. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language
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Running head: Connecting Between Morality and Language
Study Essay Discussing How Does Morality Change in a Foreign Language? Moises Bustamante Yachay Yech University
February 1, 2017 Crash Course L6-001
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Connecting Between Morality and Language
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Study Essay Discussing How Does Morality Change in a Foreign Language? Do you think people show their morality in other places away from home? Moral beliefs are part of the human nature as they present the culture on where the person is developing his/her ideas and beliefs. Morality is the set of habits and norms that are considered correct to guide or judge the behavior of the people within the community. Morality is a set of customs demonstrated through acts, which we learn from children. In addition, morality allows the entry and reference of values. Morality intervenes within our daily decisions (conscience), for which it has been studied by hundreds of scientists and psychologists in the world, mainly in how it is distorted with a different language. I agree with Julie Sedivy when she says that a foreign language changes people's moral verdicts. In the first place, morality intervenes in our daily decisions, through conscience. Many people have the concept of good and evil linked to consciousness and its beliefs. In fact, many people have the concept that consciousness depends on religion and culture. Religion influences personal behavior, which affects or it’s shown in cultural behavior. Religion and morality are fundamental factors in the organization of people. In addition, both religion and morality are still in a process of study, which could lead to a better understanding of human behavior. Second, morality has been studied over the years to understand human behavior. The research was carried out thorough tests. However, when it comes to morality in another language, behavior often changes. One explanation for this is that humans easily process information from their mother language, than from foreign language that they learned. Therefore, people who make decisions in a foreign language are less influenced by feelings.
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It is important to say that if you learn a second language, it means changing your own mentality in every sense. “Those who read the stories in foreign language (either English or Italian) judged these actions to be less wrong that those who read them in their native tongue” (Sedivy, 2016) on this quote we can understand how foreign language affect or change the morals of a person, which it leads to change the decisions that they make. Third, I agree with Julie Sedivy when she says that a foreign language changes the moral verdicts of people, due to a series of social experiments that were performed. In the experiment that consisted on reading a moral dilemma, she claims: […] “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is careening toward a group of five people standing on the track, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can shift the trolley to a different set of tracks, thereby sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch? (2016). People from different languages and nationalities could disagree on the moral facts. Some will scarify one person to safe five and others will not. This is because in a native language has more weight in its emotional part. However, in a foreign language the emotional becomes more objective. In conclusion, morality is governed by the acts we learn in our childhood. The culture, values and beliefs imposed by our parents contribute to the values that we develop in the future. However, in a more objective way, morality brings about a drastic change in our decisions. People, who have studied a language other than the native language, are
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usually based their decisions on facts, leaving aside the feelings, being more objective than subjective. Therefore, I believe that, is better to be objectives when we make a decision.
References Sedivy, J. (2016, September 14). How Morality Changes in a Foreign Language. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-moralitychanges-in-a-foreign-language/
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Connecting Between Morality and Language Should science have a common language? Moises Bustamante Yachay Tech University
Crash Course L6-001 February 6, 2017
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English is a Common Language
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Should science have a common language? Nowadays knowledge is transmitted in English language. However, until the eighteen century, publications were in Latin language. Therefore, this caused a greater effort to researchers because they had to publish in a foreign language. I t is important to say, that the world needs a specific language. Over the years, knowledge has advanced, but in different languages, so for this reason it is necessary to have a common language, and it must be of a powerful country, where ordinary people can trust this information. First, after the second world war, in the second half of the twenty century, the United States dominated the world. The USA won the war and nowadays keeps on being the power country. Due this, in the USA the principal language is English, so other countries must adapt this foreign language. A lot of countries publish in English language, and has continued to increase ever since. Also, the science community of each country tries to win respect “21000 articles from 239 countries currently in the database, the study found that 80 percent were written entirely in English” (Huttner,2015). This allows scientist that all people to have access to their investigations in a common language. In fact, many countries teach its children English language in school. Second, different investigations must be published in a native language and foreign language. Also, it is necessary that researchers know English, not only use a translator. In fact, English allows scientist to win social prestige “In short, scientist who won to produce influential, globally recognized work most likely need to publish in English” (Huttner,2015), this causes a greater effort by researchers. The science community of the world needs to know English language with the purpose to transmit its knowledge. Third, with access to technology it is easier to find fake information. Even ordinary people have access to research of greatest scientist. However, even to ordinary people it is
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necessary to know English language. The different paper´s published in some magazines allow students to have trust in this information. Many countries try to promote the English language in their schools, in fact “A 2014 report from the University of Oxford found that the use of English as the primary language of education in non-English speaking countries is on the rise� (Huttner,2015), with the objective that the student have the best preparation for a future career, in special scientific career. In conclusion, there exist a large amount of language in the world and for this reason it is necessary to emphasize only in one. Knowledge can be transmitted in this language. Also, this causes a great effort by persons to know different language (native and foreign). I believe that is necessary that counties teach their children both languages. In the future, children will involve with major facilities in the science field with less troubles to transmit their knowledge.
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Holographic Universe
Moises Bustamante
Yachay Tech University
L6-001
February 7, 2017
Holographic Universe
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Holography allows you to create three-dimensional images in a two-dimensional view. It is a technique used today not only by photographers, but by physicists as well. Over time, scientists have sought ways to describe events that have happened. In fact, physicists seek to find a unique equation that encompasses the total understanding of everything around us. However, thanks to great scientists such as Stephen Hawking and Jacob David Bekenstein and their remarkable contributions to the scientific field, a breakthrough has been achieved. According to the study of black holes, all information in three dimensions can consist of two dimensions without altering it. In fact, when near a black hole, space time is upset. This event creates copies of the universe in another dimension. The interesting thing about this subject is that we could be a copy and we did not know.
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Holographic Universe Holographic Universe Do you think the universe could be like a credit card? Over years, the
universe has been studied among scientists. The theory about the universe reflects in three dimensions. However, recent research has shown that universe has more dimensions than previously believed. The hologram principle is based on physics to try to understand the universe from an another point of view since fifty years ago. The holography is an optic tool that allows to create an image in three dimension over a two dimension surface like a credit card. Holographic images can be understood as a cube; in fact, if we demonstrate with figures in two dimensions, we will obtain three squares (third dimension). Therefore, in the walls of these squares, we can obtain the information of the particles. Thus, the theory explains the behavior of quantic particles channels through gravitational phenomenon. In fact, the theory states that the universe can be understood as a system full of information organized in two dimensions "dyed" on the cosmological horizon. Therefore, the third dimension we observe would only remain in a description of really huge (macroscopic) sizes with low energies. Finally, this would indicate that the universe can be simply a hologram. The principle of holography cannot be studyied by math, because the cosmological horizon is growing exponentially over time. First, actually, the unlike principles of the universe are questioned. The holographic universe tries to create the best theory to describing the events in the universe over time. In fact, the universe in three dimension allowed the scientist to describe some phenomenon of physics, like the direction of the light, the movement of the dark energy and dark matter. In this research, it is a question of knowing the physical and mathematical advances within
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this theory. The first studies about this topic, began in 1970. The astrophysicist Stephen William Hawking and Jacob David Bekenstein contributed with their scientific research to formulate new theories on the universe. The research of these scientist consisted in the explanation about black holes. In 2012, German scientists announced that the universe could be a holographic projection. This new theory caused troubles within physics. This is similar to what happened many centuries ago, when people believe that our planet was flat. In those times, new theories caused controversy inside the scientific community. The scientist founded small particles. These particles can be atomic or subatomic. The question of science is what does each particle represent? There exists a branch of physics called quantum physics that is dedicated to the study and understanding of the universe on a microscopic scale. It is hard to know the purpose of these particles, but it is known that the union of these particles produce molecules; these molecules are the principle for the formation of matter. The black holes born after the gravitation collapse. The astrophysics Stephen William Hawking, Robert Oppenheimer and Roger Penrose, contributed with their scientific investigations to formulate this theory. This process began after the “death” of a red giant. The red giant has at least 30 times the size of the sum. Therefore, this process produces the extinction of its energy. “The gravitational force of that star begins to exert force on itself originating a mass concentrated in a small volume, becoming a white dwarf” (Cuentos Cuánticos, 2013), The gravitational self-attraction turns the white dwarf into a black hole, with a gravitational force so strong that nothing can escape it, even light. The event horizon
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separate the region of a black holes from the rest of universe. The event horizon is due to a neutrino emission after the formation of the white dwarf. According to studies, there exist at least one black holes in each galaxy, and it even could be a supermassive black hole. It is believed that in the center of each galaxy there exists one universe, even in the Milky Way. However, according to Hawking black holes are not black. He believes they are radiant. Besides, one important characteristic of black holes is the entropy. According to thermodynamics entropy is disorder of the universe. “Here when we talk about disorder we simply mean that there are more microscopic configurations compatible with a given macro state. No more no less.” (Cuentos Cuánticos,2013), moreover, if there exists a macro state then temperature exist as well. In fact, any object with entropy must have temperature. If the molecules are organized, it is possible to obtain a determined pressure, volume and temperature. In fact, the entropy is proportional to volume of the system. Therefore, this could be demonstrated in three dimension. “Well, physicists were surprised that the entropy of the black hole depended on the area of the horizon (2 spatial dimensions) and not its volume (3 spatial dimensions). And they came to propose that this was by a holographic principle, under which the total information of the system "black hole" was codified in its horizon.” (Cuentos Cuánticos, 2013) It is important to emphasize that information can never be lost (was lost or confirm), there are systems of two dimensions and others of three dimensions, which they have the same information. This controversy caused troubles inside the scientific community.
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According to Ohio University, we could be copies of another universe. The researcher and physicist Samir Mathur said black holes are not killer machines that devour all that is around it. Furthermore, he believes they could be as cosmic Xerox machines that generate copies of everything that comes close. “They believe that when a material touches the surface of a black hole, it becomes a hologram, a nearly perfect copy of itself that continues to exist in the same way as it did before.” (pijamasurf,2016). This implicates that even we ourselves could be copies and not know it. In fact, our universe is nothing more than a 3D holographic projection of a two dimensional image at the edge of a black hole. “The difference in Mathur's work is that he has found a mathematical solution that admits that the holograms created by the black hole are not exactly identical to the original” (pijamasurf,2016). However, despite to trustworthy mathematic results, it’s complicated to demonstrated this theory by conducting an experiment. In future years’ black holes could create new materials, for example stairs, planets, etc. However other material could be affected the big object. “In fact, he says the world could be captured by a black hole, and we wouldn't even notice.” (ScienceDaily,2015). This supports the idea that our universe could only be a holographic copy. There can even exist multiple universes, this is strange deviation that increase the dimensions. This came from hyper surface (more dimensions) than normal. In fact, the study is the combination of quantum physics with strength theory. In these cases, there exist many universes with black holes and in fact a study determined that there exists at least one black hole in each universe. This proves that if the theory is right, there could exist many dimensions. Also, with the expansion of the universe, it continues to increase the amount of cosmological material.
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It is complex to carry out research on an issue that is too controversial and not yet accepted by the scientific community. Also, it is hard investigate, taking into account the mathematical and physical level to do it. Besides, evidence exists that support this idea. However, it is essential to try to understand this topic and the relation with behavior of the universe. This could show the beginning of our planet. In conclusion, this controversial topic is in continuous study. The scientific community is trying to explain different events about the universe and understand it. According to studies, the universe grew quickly and its process continue to be constant. Therefore, the matter (galaxies, planets, cosmological material) also increase its amount. Holography consists of a type of optical illusion. The universe could be holographic. This principle corresponds to the explanation of black holes, where the information of the event horizon is in two dimensions, which according to certain theories should be in three. In fact, being in this type of phenomena copies are created in another dimension of an object close to a black hole, even now man could be a copy of a more evolved and perfect being. The understanding and verification of this theory still continues to be refuted, however scientists hope that in the following decades will succeed in the field of physics.
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Holographic Universe References
Cuentos CuĂĄnticos . (n.d.). Resultados de la bĂşsqueda para: cuanticos. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from https://cuentos-cuanticos.com/?s=cuanticos Gallardo, A. M. (2015, June 24). Los agujeros negros podrĂan ser generadores de hologramas (y nosotros solo copias). Retrieved February 21, 2017, from http://pijamasurf.com/2015/06/los-agujeros-negros-podrian-ser-generadores-dehologramas-y-nosotros-solo-copias/ Ohio State University. (2015, June 16). Black holes are not ruthless killers, but instead benign hologram generators. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 21, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150616155037.htm
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Thank you for reading my portfolio. I hope that you enjoy it. See you! Sincerely, MoisĂŠs
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