Click to edit Master title style • Click to edit Master text styles
Protect Our Environment Series: – Second level
Do You Get My Drift?
• Third level
– Fourth level » Fifth level
Penn State Pesticide Education Program extension.psu.edu/pesticide-education
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Click toPesticide edit Master title style Drift • What is Pesticide Drift? • Click to edit Master text styles – Physical movement of a – Second level pesticide through the air, • Third level – at the time level of or soon – Fourth after the» pesticide Fifth level application, – to any site other than the intended site (“off-target” site).
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Click toPesticide edit Master title style Drift • • •
Not a new problem Click to edit Master text styles Increased potential for off-target damage – Second level
– More acreage • Third level planted with herbicide-resistant crops– means more post-emergence spraying Fourth level » Fifth level
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Click to titleDrift? style What is edit NOTMaster Pesticide Overspraying via… • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level
Equipment Problems
• Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
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Click to titleDrift? style What is edit NOTMaster Pesticide Overspraying via… • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level
Applicator Error
• Third level – Fourth level OVERSPRAY » Fifth level
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Click to edit Master title style Types of Pesticide Drift • Spray drift: The off-target movement of a • Click to edit Master text styles pesticide during a liquid application at the – Second level time of application. • Third level • Particle drift: The off-target movement of a – Fourth level pesticide »during Fifth levela dust or granular application at the time of application. • Vapor drift: When the pesticide changes to a vapor, or gaseous form, then moves away from the treated site. 11/19/2014
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Click to edit Master Spray Drifttitle style • All pesticides can be • Click to edit Master text styles prone to spray drift. – Second level • This• isThird thelevel most common form – Fourth levelof drift. » Fifth level
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Click to edit Master Vapor Drifttitle style • • •
Occurs during and soon after application. Click to edit Master text styles Re-volatilization can occur many hours after – Second level application. • Third level – Fourth level with certain pesticides. • More common » Fifth level
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Click to edit Responsibilities Master title style Applicator • It’s the pesticide applicator’s responsibility to • Click to edit Master text styles avoid drift problems. – Second level • Read the level laws and label directions as they are • Third written– to limit Fourth level environmental problems. » Fifth level • Applicators must understand the consequences of not using pesticides properly: – In the environment and as well as the serious and long-lasting effects on humans, plants, and animals.
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Click edit Masterabout title style Why BetoConcerned Drift? • Damage can be significant • Click to edit Master text styles
– Destruction of an adjacent crop – Second level – Illegal pesticide residue on an adjacent food crop • Third level – Trees– and ornamentals can be harmed by just one Fourth level drift event » Fifth level – Fish and wildlife kills, including honeybees
• Human health can be adversely affected • May result in regulatory fines, legal liability, and litigation 11/19/2014
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Click edit Masterabout title style Why BetoConcerned Drift? • Organic Agriculture • Click to edit Master text styles
– Organic certification requires pesticide-free for – Second level at least 3 years • Third level – Off-target of pesticides into organic – Fourthmovement level acreage» Fifth level Could result in loss of organic certification Visible damage need not occur for certification loss
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ClickBottom to edit Master title style The Line about Drift • Pesticide must always be applied in a manner • Click to edit Master text styles consistent with labeling. – Second level • Illegal to make • Third level an application of a pesticide resulting in off-target movement. – Fourth level » Fifth level • Drift is not tolerated in the regulatory or agricultural community. • Whether or not damage or harm has occurred, drift is illegal! 11/19/2014
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Click to Affecting edit MasterSpray title style Factors Drift • Spray droplet size • Click to edit Master text styles – Nozzle selection – Second level – Pressure • Third level
– Fourth level • Wind speed and direction » Fifth level • Boom height
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Click to edit Master title style How Far Will Drift Go? Distance with a 3 mph wind • Click to edit Master text styles Micron Size –Droplet Second level
Time to Fall 10 Feet
Travel Distance
20
4.2 Minutes
1,100 Feet
Fine – Fourth level 100
10 Seconds
44 Feet
240
6 Seconds
28 Feet
400
2 Seconds
8.5 Feet
Very• Fine Third
Medium Coarse
level
» Fifth level
Source: Herbicide Spray Drift, North Dakota State University Extension
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Click to Affecting edit Master title style Factors Vapor Drift • Volatility of the • Click to edit Master text styles chemical – Second level • Higher temperatures • Third level Fourth level • Lower –humidity » Fifth level
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Click to Affecting edit Master title style Factors Vapor Drift • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
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Click to edit Master title style Important Factors Affecting Drift • • • • •
Pesticide Product Click to edit Master text styles Site Conditions – Second level Weather • Third Conditions level – Fourth level Application Equipment » Fifth level
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Click Pesticide to edit Master title style Product • • •
Formulation type Click to edit Master text styles Read the label for – Second level specific warnings • Third level – Fourthtemperature level – Maximum » Fifth level – Soil incorporation requirements
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Click toSite editConditions Master title style • Identify sensitive areas • Click to edit Master text styles – Susceptible crops – Second level – Beehives • Third level – Wetlands – Fourth level – Bodies of» water Fifth level – Residential dwellings – Inhabited areas (schools, hospitals)
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Click toSite editConditions Master title style • Topography • Click to edit Master text styles – Can create – Second level microclimates • Third level – Can develop – Fourth level temperature » Fifth level inversions – Can channel drift down slope
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ClickWeather to edit Master title style Conditions • Application conditions are • Click to edit Master text styles seldom perfect – Second level • Be aware of current weather • Third level conditions and probable future – Fourth level weather conditions » Fifth level • Wind is a common contributor to pesticide drift – Be aware of wind speed and wind direction
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Click to edit Master title style Wind Speed • Best to apply when between • Click to edit Master text styles 3 and 8 mph – Second level • Blowing in a direction away • Third level from sensitive areas – Fourth level • Stop application » Fifth levelif wind speed is above 8 mph – Increased risk to downwind areas
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Click to edit Master title style Wind Speed • 0 mph or no wind • Click to edit Master text styles
– May indicate a temperature inversion – Second level
• What is a level temperature inversion? • Third – Fourth level – Allows a concentrated Fifth level cloud of»very fine droplets to remain suspended and can drift great distances
Adapted from the University of California. The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides.
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Click to edit Master title style Application Equipment • Drift management must include equipment • management Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Inspect equipment and repair defective parts • Thirdstraight level – Booms – Fourth level – Braces and springs intact » Fifth level – Shields in place – Hoses in good shape – Fittings not cracked – Clamps are tight
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Click to edit Master title style Application Equipment • Nozzles • Click to edit Master text styles – Control the flow – Second level rate • Third level – Form– droplets Fourth level – Disperse» Fifth level droplets into specific patterns
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Click to edit Master and title Size style Droplet Number • Halving the droplet size results in eight times • Click to edit Master text styles the number of droplets – Second level 500µm
• Third level
250µm
125µm
– Fourth level » Fifth level
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Click to edit Master and title Size style Droplet Number • Each scenario represents the same volume • Click to edit Master text styles –
1 x 500µm Second level Tennis ball
8 x 250µm Ping pong balls
64 x 125µm Marbles
• Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
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ClickDroplet to edit Master title style Size Issues • Fine droplets (<150 µm) • Click to edit Master text styles
– Better coverage and penetration throughout canopy – Second level – More prone to drift and evaporation • Third level
– Fourth level » Fifth level
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ClickDroplet to edit Master title style Size Issues • Large droplets (>350 µm) • Click to edit Master text styles
– Less chance of drift – Second level – Fewer droplets; may miss targets? • Third level – More– prone to bounce on leaf surface Fourth level » Fifth level will bounce • 300 µm droplets • 600 µm droplets will bounce 8 times on smooth/waxy leaves • Adjuvants help to reduce bounce
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ClickDroplet to edit Master title style Size Issues • Nozzle choice depends on application • Click to edit Master text styles
– Turf [anthracnose (ground) vs. dollar spot (leaves)] – Second level – Contact vs. systemic mode of action • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
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ClickDroplet to edit Master title style Size Issues • Nozzle choice depends on application • Click to edit Master text styles
– Turf [anthracnose (ground) vs. dollar spot (leaves)] – Second level – Contact vs. systemic mode of action • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
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ClickDroplet to edit Master title style Size Issues • Nozzle choice depends on application • Click to edit Master text styles
– Turf [anthracnose (ground) vs. dollar spot (leaves)] – Second level – Contact vs. systemic mode of action • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
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Click to edit Master title style Application Equipment • Pay attention to nozzles • Click to edit Master text styles
– Uniformity of output and pattern – Second level – Partially plugged nozzles affect calibration • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
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Click to edit Master title style Application Equipment • Pay attention to nozzles • Click to edit Master text styles
– Nozzle Size: Fine droplets are more likely to drift Second levelThe higher off the ground, the more prone to drift –– Nozzle Height:
• Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
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Click to edit Master styleDrift Using Wind Buffers to title Reduce • • • •
Single or multiple rows of trees Click to edit Master text styles Protect crops from high and damaging winds – Second level Reduce pesticide drift • Third level – Fourth – Lowers windlevel speed » Fifth level – Physically intercepts drift – Can also reduce runoff if planted densely and perpendicular to the slope
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Click to edit Master title style Drift-control Additives • • •
Use when needed Click to edit Master text styles Increase the average droplet – Second level size•produced Third level by the nozzles – Fourth level not become • Additives must » Fifth level your only drift reducing technique – Additives do not make up for poor spraying practices
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Summary of Techniques for Click to edit Master title style Reducing Drift • Recommended Click to editTechnique Master text styles Follow label directions for reducing drift.
– Second level
Explanation
Determine proper nozzle and pressure combinations.
level Select a nozzle•toThird increase droplet size.
Large droplets are less prone to drift.
Fourth level Consider using new–technologies.
Drift-reduction nozzles.
Lower boom height.
» Fifth level
Maintain appropriate travel speed.
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Lowering the boom height a few inches can reduce off-target drift. High travel speeds may result in an unstable boom, high boom positions and increased drift potential.
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Summary of Techniques for Click to edit Master title style Reducing Drift • Recommended Click to editTechnique Master text styles
Explanation
Avoid applications during times of high wind – Second level speeds.
More spray volume moves off-target as wind increases.
Third levelof a temperature Do not spray in• the presence inversion. – Fourth level
Temperature inversions prevent the dissipation of spray particles.
Consider using buffer zones/no-spray » Fifth level zones near sensitive areas.
Leave a buffer zone/no-spray zone if sensitive areas are downwind.
Use a drift-control additive when needed.
Drift-control additives increase the average droplet size produced by the nozzles.
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Click to edit Master title style
Use of this presentation or parts of this presentation is encouraged as long as this credit slide is included.
•Resources: Click to edit Master text styles • Pesticide Environmental Stewardship. Drift section. – Second level http://pesticidestewardship.org/drift
• Third level Photo/Graphic Credits: – Fourth level
• Penn State Pesticide Program, all photos except: » FifthEducation level ̶ Slide 23, 37-38: Taken from the National Pesticide Applicator Certification Core Manual ̶ Slides 26-27: Sprayer Nozzle Selection PowerPoint by Dwight Lingenfelter, Dept. of Crop and Soil Science, Penn State University with material adapted from Tom Reed, TeeJet Mid-Tech Northeast Inc.
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Click to edit Master title style This presentation was created in partnership with the Pesticide Education Program, Penn State Cooperative Extension; and the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture.
• Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level
For more information on this and other resources, please visit:
– Fourth level extension.psu.edu/pesticide-education » Fifth level Where trade names appear, no discrimination is intended, and no endorsement by Penn State Cooperative Extension is implied. Penn State is an equal opportunity, affirmative action employer, and is committed to providing employment opportunities to minorities, women, veterans, individuals with disabilities, and other protected groups. Nondiscrimination: http://guru.psu.edu/policies/AD85.html © The Pennsylvania State University 2014
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How many different types/sizes of nozzles do Click to edit Masterintitle style you use to apply pesticides a given season? • Click to edit Master text styles A. 1– Second level B. 2 • Third level C. 3-4 – Fourth level » Fifth level D. 5-6 E. 7 or more
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Do you use any drift reduction nozzles Click to edit Master title style when you apply pesticides? • Click to edit Master text styles A. Yes – Second level B. No • Third level C. Don’t know – Fourth level » Fifth level
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Do you have any type of setbacks or Click buffers to editestablished Master title style other to reduce pesticide spray drift?
• Click to edit Master text styles A. Yes – Second level B. No • Third level C. Don’t know – Fourth level » Fifth level
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Do you use any type of rate controllers Click toyour editpesticide Mastersprayer? title style with • Click to edit Master text styles A. Yes – Second level B. No • Third level C. Don’t know – Fourth level » Fifth level
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What types of monitoring do you use Click to to edit Master title style manage drift? • Click to edit Master text styles A. Weather – Second level B. Spray• Deposition Third level C. Sprayer Calibration – Fourth level » Fifth level D. All of the above E. None of above
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