Education of Cancer Healing Vol.1 by Peter Havasi

EDUCATION OF CANCER HEALING THE

VOLUME i: WAKE-UP CALL

PETER HAVASI 2

(Adv. Herb., Natur., Nutr. Irid. Acu. Hom. Bsya, Aura, Itec)

IMPORTANT NOTICE This book was not edited in its whole. As the author does not come from an English speaking country, please excuse any grammatical or stylistic mistakes that might disturb you while reading. This book is not intended to prescribe or diagnose in any way. It is not meant to be a substitute for professional help. The intent is to offer historical uses of herbs and other potentially healing substances. Those who are sick should consult their doctor. Neither the author nor the publisher directly or indirectly dispense medical advice or prescribe the use of herbs, nutrients, or other substances as a form of treatment. The author and publisher assume no responsibility if you prescribe to/for yourself without your doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s approval. "Miseducation is more dangerous than uneducation." According to the American Medical Association, drugs approved by the FDA kill over 100,000 Americans in hospitals every year! According to a 174-page report by the U.S. National Poison Data System the number of people killed in 2009 across America by vitamins, minerals, amino acids or herbal supplements is exactly zero! The use of herbs and other natural remedies is a natural right. We assert that each individual human being owns his or her own body--and no government, person or corporate entity has the right to usurp that ownership. No mere statute or regulation can take away a human right.

Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means; including, but not limited to, digital, electronic or mechanical photocopying, printing, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the author. ÂŠ 2012 Lulu Author. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-291-45355-3

"The best day of your life is the one on which you decide your life is your own. No apologies or excuses. No one to lean on, rely on, or blame. The gift is yours... it is an amazing journey... and you alone are responsible for the quality of it. This is the day your life really begins." Bob Moawad

A Chinese proverb says, "Better to light a candle than lament the darkness." Darkness still prevails in the world of cancer and other diseases. I attempt to keep the candle alight with EDUCATION. - Peter Havasi

Dedication This book is dedicated to my beloved mother, Eva Havasiovรก. This publication is also given to all present and future mothers around the globe because the best health conditions for strong health are the most precious gift from a mother to her child. After all, women are the most beautiful things on this planet; the center for health, longevity, love and beauty amongst mankind.

Special Thanks: I would like to give SPECIAL THANKS to my editor, Priska Sekerovรก, who conceived and guided this book to fruition. Priska Sekerovรก, you're like a limited edition. You are just one of a kind. Just the one of them all, YOU ARE SPECIAL! Thank you for all.

Acknowledgment: I have much gratitude for the invaluable help, knowledge, advice, and inspiration to those who supported me throughout the difficult times.

Contents DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................. 5 FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................... 8 PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................. 10 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 11 MOTIVATION: JUMPSTART YOUR HEALTH ................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 1: HISTORY TIME .............................................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 2: MANHATTAN PROJECT .............................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER 3: ATOMS FOR PEACE ...................................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 4: THE ERA OF ACCIDENTS.......................................................................................... 112 CHAPTER 5: RADIATION SCREW-UPS ........................................................................................... 117 CHAPTER 6: LESSON OF CHERNOBYL ......................................................................................... 132 EPILOGUE: DEFEND YOUR HEALTH ............................................................................................ 232 APPENDIX: TABLE OF NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS ........................................................................... 236 NOTES ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 PETER HAVASI: BIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 273 MAXIMIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE WITH THE NEXT VOLUME! ............................................... 279

Foreword ("The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible" Epilogue by Ken Schoolland)

"My philosophy is based on the principle of self-ownership. You own your life. To deny this is to imply that another person has a higher claim on your life than you do. No other person, or group of persons, owns your life nor do you own the lives of others. You exist in time: future, present, and past. This is manifest in life, liberty, and the product of your life and liberty. The exercise of choices over life and liberty is your prosperity. To lose your life is to lose your future. To lose your liberty is to lose your present. And to lose the product of your life and liberty is to lose the portion of your past that produced it. A product of your life and liberty is your property. Property is the fruit of your labour, the product of your time, energy, and talents. It is that part of nature that you turn to valuable use. And it is the property of others that is given to you by voluntary exchange and mutual consent. Two people who exchange property voluntarily are both better off or they wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t do it. Only they may rightfully make that decision for themselves. At times some people use force or fraud to take from others without willful, voluntary consent. Normally, the initiation of force to take life is murder, to take liberty is slavery, and to take property is theft. It is the same whether these actions are done by one person acting alone, by the many acting against a few, or even by officials with fine hats and fancy titles. You have the right to protect your own life, liberty, and justly acquired property from the forceful aggression of others. So you may rightfully ask others to help protect you. But you do not have a right to initiate force against the life, liberty, or property of others. Thus, you have no right to designate some person to initiate force against others on your behalf.

You have a right to seek leaders for yourself, but would have no right to impose rulers on others. No matter how officials are selected, they are only human beings and they have no rights or claims that are higher than those of any other human beings. Regardless of the imaginative labels for their behaviour or the numbers of people encouraging them, officials have no right to murder, to enslave, or to steal. You cannot give them any rights that you do not have yourself. Since you own your life, you are responsible for your life. You do not rent your life from others who demand your obedience. Nor are you a slave to others who demand your sacrifice. You choose your own goals based on your own values. Success and failure are both the necessary incentives to learn and to grow. Your action on behalf of others, or their action on behalf of you, is only virtuous when it is derived from voluntary, mutual consent. For virtue can only exist when there is free choice. This is the basis of a truly free society. It is not only the most practical and humanitarian foundation for human action; it is also the most ethical. Problems that arise from the initiation of force by government have a solution. The solution is for people of the world to stop asking officials to initiate force on their behalf. Evil does not arise only from evil people, but also from good people who tolerate the initiation of force as a means to their own ends. In this manner, good people have empowered evil throughout history. Having confidence in a free society is to focus on the process of discovery in the marketplace of values rather than to focus on some imposed vision or goal. Using governmental force to impose a vision on others is intellectual sloth and typically results in unintended, perverse consequences. Achieving a free society requires courage to think, to talk, and to act â&#x20AC;&#x201C; especially when it is easier to do nothing."

Preface Having witnessed how cancer systematically wiped out my own family members and friends, I became aware of the severity of the situation the modern society faces today. I disagree with the vision of ending this life somewhere in a cold hospital death bed, suffering from agonizing pain which lasts a small eternity. Dying without dignity is not the right way to end this beautiful life… I have no idea how others cope with this dreadful vision, but I decided to hit the "emergency button". I seriously started to think about what we can do to heal cancer and prevent it from spreading in modern day society. I have devoted my professional life together with my personal commitment to the exploration of the world’s natural healing systems because nature has no side-effects. The fruits of my CANCER HEALING CRUSADE are this masterwork. It is the most complex HISTORICAL REVIEW OF CANCER HEALING, based on the knowledge of the world’s ancient healing arts and successful pioneers that have stood the test of time. For the first time in the human history, you will see them all standing at one place, "running the show", and healing once again because this book collection carries a real life-saving potential. It is also a safe alternative for you unless you are interested in cultivating and maintaining chronic diseases with chemical drugs and barbaric surgical operations as well as the physical, emotional, and financial breakdown that is caused by the current system of disease management. Some call it building up powerful health, but I call it LIFE BUILDING. YOU’VE JUST FOUND YOUR MAN ON THE WAY TO YOUR HEALTH!

Introduction "The Education of Cancer Healing" is the MOST comprehensive and COMPLETE study collection on the history of cancer healing on the market today. Totaling more than 2500 pages filled with invaluable information, this magnum opus holds answers to your questions regarding cancer and many other diseases. These books give you information which is in fact a HEALING DYNAMITE, covered by thousands of scientific and medical studies, independent professionals, and dozens of patient and witness testimonials. With this masterwork, I am giving you the BEST of my own research – the product of $300,000 and the result of more than 20,000 hours of exhaustive and careful research in the field of cancer. Where is cancer? It’s all around us! In fact, cancer cells develop spontaneously on a daily basis and they develop in YOUR body, too. Some findings even claim that a healthy individual develops about 350 cancerous cells a day. The number goes up to 100,000 cancerous cells and higher. Some do get cancer, some do not... How come that someone gets seriously ill but someone else doesn’t? How is that!? What makes the body develop these cancer cells further? My mission is to give you THE SUPER KNOWLEDGE – the foundation for super powers that are within you, so that you can heal yourself of cancer (and any other disease), and live your life to the fullest potential! I will be your guide on your way to POWERFUL HEALTH. This life is a blessing, so squeeze the best out of it! At the end of this study, I want YOU to be strong and confident enough to stare death right in the face… and spit in it. I truly wish you to grab hold of another 20, 30 or 40 years and live a wonderful life – as anyone really deserves!

Somebody told me once, "Peter, your topic makes me uncomfortable." Yes, I have to admit that this book is really going to be a tough reading… but hey! Only the tough ones survive, right?! HALLELUJAH! It’s my job to make you feel a bit uncomfortable! The concept of natural healing arts is identical with the concept of ancient martial arts: it is all about living OUTSIDE THE COMFORT ZONE because that’s the place where magic happens. Yes, we need to get uncomfortable to understand our dangers and realize the seriousness of the situation. In this volume I will show you a full story behind cancer epidemics. Consider this Cancer Theory 1.0.1. On these pages you will be revealed the story how ionizing radiation infiltrated the energy industry, and thus caused cancer epidemics to become spread around the world. With this volume, I will answer you two important questions: "Why are there different cancer epidemics?" and "What are their foundations?" You will be revealed things you have never seen, nor heard of before. This book opens up the world which has been hidden from you by the world’s industries for decades. You may not know anything about this hidden world, but the fact remains that cancer cells are here and our life-style feeds them. Not only that you yourself develop life-threatening and dehumanizing diseases, but also increase the risk of cancer for your own children as well as other future generations. You can run away from this fact, but you cannot really hide! Have you ever admitted the existence of this problem? What steps have you taken to win your health back...?

The good news is that cancer CAN be PREVENTED effectively. It CAN also be HEALED – with the right KNOWLEDGE and DISCIPLINE. To admit that you have a problem is the first step to solving it. Cancer is projected for EVERY second male and every third female by 2030. In other words: you cannot stop your body from developing cancerous cells, but you CAN DO a lot to expunge them out safely and efficiently by cultivating a STRONG DEFENSE SYSTEM and CREATING a POWERFUL BODY. If you care about your liberty and preserving it, you need to care about your health. If you want to be healthy, study "The Education of Cancer Healing" study collection today. READ IT, LOVE IT, LIVE IT! Realize the severity of the situation, and act. TODAY. Take the responsibility for your health NOW, before you allow your health and freedom to be taken away by the world’s leading health industries.

Welcome to The Education of Cancer Healing, Volume 1: WAKE-UP CALL.

"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." - Lao-tzu

Motivation:

Jumpstart Your Health

"What does not kill me makes me stronger." - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Havasi Life Building – Building a Powerful Body Healing cancer is about EDUCATION. It is about learning how to live in harmony with the laws of nature. Over the centuries, these laws have been explored and now are contained in many ARTS OF HEALING AND FIGHTING. The beauty of this combination lies in its connection: one art cannot live without the other. If you want to heal yourself of any disease, if you want to design a high quality life and have a successful family, it is absolutely important to study and practice the ways how to heal diseases as well as how to cultivate an unbeatable body, mind and spirit. This is the combination that makes healing miracles happen. At the end of the day, you will realize that true natural healing and life building is all about education, harmony, and a warrior’s spirit, together with a day-to-day kicking of your own butt. This I call Havasi Life Building, a new self-oriented medical discipline which searches for PERFECTION in physical, emotional and spiritual aspects of YOUR health. The Shock Therapy – The Warrior’s Attitude: What I am going to show you in this book is not a bed of roses. What you are going to see is the history of cancer epidemics – a survival study that is hard to swallow! Cancer is not a fairy tale. Never was and never will be. Yes, this book kicks some serious ass and may even wipe the floor up with you. It will make you paralyzed, it may bring nightmares and it will make you wonder what planet you live on. The book you are holding in your hands is evil – but so is the world around you! I was just trying to reflect as much of the real world behind cancer as possible – even though there is probably much more to this topic than meets the eye.

Today, you may find this book evil and unconventional. Following the future volumes of "The Education of Cancer Healing", you will, however, realize that this book is an ESSENTIAL EVIL. It is the shock therapy which wakes a dead man up, opens his eyes, mobilizes his actions, and makes things happen. One day you will realize that this study collection has the potential of SAVING LIVES! Before you dive into the world of saving lives and natural healing, it is important to learn how people are killed today. Know your enemy, whoever or whatever it may be! THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT LESSON I TEACH! BE STRONG! After years of studies I realized that everything is all about "LEAVING THE COMFORT ZONE"! If you want to start changing things, you must find the strength to step outside of it because EVERY HEALING MIRACLE HAPPENS OUTSIDE THE COMFORT ZONE. I confess: my aim is to make you FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE! In order to wake you up, your world must be shaken vigorously. Pain – physical, emotional, or spiritual – can be a valuable asset for escalation of your actions. Throughout the millennia, your body, mind, and spirit have originally evolved in different ways of pleasure from the ones promoted by the today’s standard society. This master study will wake up the warrior inside you. BE STRONG! If this book makes you feel fear – use it! If you feel anger – use it! I want you to JUMPSTART your ACTIONS, and start CHANGING things today! I challenge you! Realize the seriousness of the situation today – before it’s too late! Start living, thinking, and acting as a warrior does on the battlefield.

Taking the Responsibility and Predicting Dangers One of the outcomes of studying the world of cancer healing is the cultivation of RESPONSIBILITY and PREDICTION/PREVENTION OF DANGERS. If you want to avoid dangers, predicting them is super important! Learning the history of events which happened gives you a sense of things which are very likely to take place in the future. Cultivating a strong sense of danger prediction and prevention is the vital aspect of Havasi Life Building. We can see that that people stopped sensing and taking the full responsibility for their lives and actions. If people are not able to take responsibility for their physical, emotional, and spiritual health, HOW CAN THEY TAKE CARE OF THE OTHERS? While the standard society seeks pleasure, a LIFE BUILDER builds up an UNBEATABLE BODY, MIND, AND SPIRIT as well as cultivates A CHARACTER OF A WARRIOR that is able to sense, predict and prevent dangers. This scenario can be applied to health and other aspects of your life, including cancer epidemics. Havasi Life Building teaches you how to walk the path of an ancient warrior – A TRUE MODEL – the missing key in modern society. THE STOP–START THEORY Healing yourself of cancer and building up powerful health is all about to STOP doing things that cause disease, and START doing things that heal your body, mind, and spirit! This is the most fundamental and simple theory. On the other hand, for many people it is also the most difficult task to achieve.

Ancient Chinese philosopher Lao-Tzu said, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." The first steps are always the most difficult ones to take. To succeed, you must put an enormous pressure upon your body, mind, and spirit while doing those first steps. Behind every success there is 100% devotion, followed by hard, hard work. I truly believe that every human being is equipped with a mind of unlimited boundaries. If there are boundaries – they are made by YOU! Whatever you want to achieve, I know that YOU WILL, you just HAVE TO be ready to fight for it! The biggest threat lies in the limitations you have set to your knowledge and mind. If you want to prevent from this disastrous road to hell, IT IS ABOUT TIME to make a change today! The Final Product At the end of the day, the concept remains unchanged. I want you to start BUILDING UP POWERFUL HEALTH TODAY. This concept is the absolute foundation for peace, love, and happiness. However, I have to point out that these heavenly assets don’t come for free! EVERYTHING YOU WANT, YOU CAN HAVE IT. BUT YOU MUST BE READY TO FIGHT FOR IT!

YOUR DESIRE TO CHANGE MUST BE GREATER THAN YOUR DESIRE TO STAY THE SAME

Chapter 1:

History time

"Those who want the future to be different from the past must study the past." - Spinoza 19

Recommended Study Materials: Dying to Have Known, a DVD; Kroschel Films (2006); Cancer - The Forbidden Cures, a DVD by Massimo Mazzucco; Thrive: What on Earth Will It Take? – documentary (2011); The New American Century by Massimo Mazzuco; War on Our World – documentary (2011); Change is on the Horizon (2011).

Let’s cut the bullshit and discuss the C-word. Cancer. A scary term, isn’t it? A deadly, dehumanizing disease that takes you little by little, as it deprives you of your dignity. Contemporary treatments of this malady are often worse than the ailment itself.7 Yes, cancer is a horrifying epidemic of the modern age, but is this affliction really new? 8 References to this dreadful disease are already to be found in ancient writings, but until recently, cancer used to be a rare blight upon humanity. At the dawn of the 20th century, only one in 200 people contracted some form of malignancy. Following World War II, the rates of this intimidating illness skyrocketed. By 1970, when President Richard Nixon officially declared war on cancer — whatever that connotes — one out of every 33 individuals was becoming afflicted. Today, one in two men or one in three women develops cancer. This simply means that if I’m not diagnosed with cancer, the chances that YOU will be are very high. Many of the cases DIE on the side-effects of the conventional

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845 – 1923), German physicist. The first production of electromagnetic radiation.1

Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852 – 1908), French physicist, Nobel laureate, the discoverer of radioactivity.2

Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937), British chemist and physicist. The father of nuclear physics.3

treatments.9 On average, every 4 seconds someone dies on cancer. Every year the statistics skyrocket. Scientists predict that in the near future every one of us will develop a malignancy during our lifetimes. According to them, someday you and every human on the planet will become fatally ill. It’s a fact that cancer is a deadly epidemic. When it comes to mammals, in 1900 the big C was unknown. For the year 2012, it was estimated that over 250,000 women in the U.S. alone would hear the words, "You have breast cancer." Having suffered from cold, clinical treatments, and BUTCHERY, these victims will not only lose their breasts, but also their lives. The same fate awaits other casualties of a limitless variety of cancers. In 1900 malignant incidence amongst tobacco smokers was extremely low. Smokers simply didn’t develop cancer at the astronomical rate as they do today. Why is that!? Obviously, much has gone wrong in the past 100 years. Some call it scientific advancement, others call it suffering. Exposed to lethal compounds that didn’t exist in 1900, we are what we eat, drink and breathe. Our bodies became walking rubbish bins, riddled with carcinogens, hormones, pesticides, preservatives, and many other chemicals. Today, municipal water supplies as well as 21

Marie Skłodowska Curie (1867 1934), Polish–French physicist– chemist. Pioneering research on radioactivity.4

Leó Szilárd (1898 – 1964), AustroHungarian physicist. He conceived a nuclear chain reaction. 5

Enrico Fermi (1901 – 1954), Italian physicist. Development of the first nuclear reactor.6

alleged pristine country sources contain high levels of pernicious chemicals. Exposure to such compounds leads to serious consequences such as CANCER. But you already know this, don’t you? Apart from industrial carcinogens, there is also something else that lurks behind the C-word. Something even scarier than cancer itself. A little thing known as radiation. A force invisible and silent… Let’s take a look at the story lying behind ionizing radiation and those individuals who were fooling with our beautiful environment and turned it into HELL. Everything began in 1896 in a French laboratory where Antoine Henri Becquerel was investigating the work of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. The previous year, Röntgen discovered X-rays. Becquerel was curious to know whether phosphorescent elements, uranium salts in particular, would produce the X-ray type radiation when exposed to sunlight. Even without sunlight, Becquerel discovered some objects — "a piece of money or a metal screen pierced with a cut-out design" — outlines created on photographic plates which were exposed to uranium. This phenomenon was further expanded upon by thrillseekers Marie and Pierre Curie, whose experiments proved radiation stems from atoms — the building blocks that comprise all matter, including humans. Unaware, Marie messed around with chunks of polonium and radium, carrying test tubes containing radioactive material in her pocket. Eventually, she died after her bone marrow was destroyed. Marie Curie’s body began ripping apart in silence on the very day she touched these pretty blue-green substances that glowed in the dark. She was dead before she realized it. Today, her scientific papers are stored in boxes made of lead and are inaccessible to anyone not garbed in protective clothing. So much as to the top enlightening discoveries of the 20th century...

Chapter 2:

Manhattan Project

"Kill one man, and you are a murderer. Kill millions of men, and you are a conqueror. Kill them all, and you are a god." - Jean Rostand, "Thoughts of a Biologist" (1939) 23

Recommended Study Materials: Modern Marvels – The Manhattan Project, a DVD (2005); Trinity & Beyond - The Atomic Bomb Movie (1995); The Atomic Cafe , a film by Jayne Loader (1982); White Light/Black Rain: The Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a film by Steven Okazaki (2007)

The Second World War brought many casualties around the world. The war ended with a successful product of the Manhattan project0 The Manhattan Project was a code name for a research programme, which would roughly equal to massive $24.4 billion today. This project was founded by the USA, the UK, and Canada with the effort to produce an atomic bomb, which is the outcome of the process of enrichment of uranium. Talking green, the uranium enrichment process, which took place in Oak Ridge, consumed one tenth of all the electricity produced in the United States during that time. The first bomb was tested under the code name "Trinity" (defined as the Christian Godhead as one God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) and it was successful, which means that the entire testing area was blown away. This gave the green light to politicians and bankers running the Manhattan Project to produce the first gun model of an atomic bomb that could eventually be used against the US enemies.

Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901 – 1958). Invention of the cyclotron atomsmasher.1

Eger Vaughan Murphree (1898 – 1962). Co-invention of the fluid catalytic cracking process.2

Philip Hauge Abelson (1913 – 2004), American physicist. Invention of the liquid thermal diffusion isotope separation technique.3

The hell on the Earth began at 2:45 a.m. on Monday, August 6, 1945 as Paul Tibbets lifted the Enola Gay B-29 bomber from Tinian Islands in the Marianas, 1,500 miles south of Japan. A twelve man crew was on board to make sure that the mission went smoothly. On August 6, 1945, the first choice target, Hiroshima, was having clear weather. At 8:15 a.m. (local time) the Enola Gay’s door sprang open and dropped the "Little Boy". Fourty three seconds later, the bomb exploded 1,900 feet above Hiroshima with a force equal to an explosion of 12,500 tons of TNT. Ninety percent of the city were leveled with the 500 mile/h winds of the blast, which blew the victims’ skin 2 miles away. The tragedy was that there were no soldiers involved, only civilians. Hiroshima’s population was estimated at 350,000. Approximately 70,000 people died immediately from the explosion and another 70,000 died from radiation within five years. Three days later, a more Picture: Lt. General Leslie Richard Groves the strategic powerful plutonium bomb "Fat Man" was dropped at the very moment of choosing targets for the nuclear attack. 10 on Nagasaki with similar results.

In 1938 Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, and Fritz Strassmann. Discovery of the first generating fission-released energy.4

Otto Hahn (1879 – 1968), German chemist.5

Friedrich Wilhelm Strassmann (1902 – 1980), German chemist.6

Lise Meitner (1878 – 1968), Austrianborn, later Swedish physicist.7

Julius Robert Oppenheimer (1904 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1967), American professor of physics. Neutron calculations to achieve neutron chain reaction.8

Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955), informed Roosevelt of Nazi Germany attempting to build an atomic bomb. See the letter on the page 28 and 29.9

Lt. General Leslie Richard Groves, Jr. (1896 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1970), director of the Manhattan Project and the nuclear attack on Japan.10

"My God, what have we done?" - Robert Lewis, copilot. "The mushroom cloud itself was a spectacular sight, a bubbling mass of purple-gray smoke and you could see it had a red core in it and everything was burning inside. . . . It looked like lava or molasses covering a whole city. . . ." - Sergeant George Caron, the tail gunner 63 The cloud is estimated to have reached a height of 40,000 feet. "Where we had seen a clear city two minutes before, we could no longer see the city. We could see smoke and fires creeping up the sides of the mountains. Two-thirds of Hiroshima was destroyed. Within three miles of the explosion, 60,000 of the 90,000 buildings were demolished. Clay roof tiles had melted together. Shadows had imprinted on buildings and other hard surfaces. Metal and stone had melted." - Captain Robert Lewis, the co-pilot, 63 "As far as I was concerned it was a perfect operation. We got out of there without any trouble. We heard the blast and felt it; it rocked us exactly as they said it would. In other words, we made our turn, and as we leveled out of our turn the flash occurred. The man in 28

Picture: The crew of Enola Gay: Captain Robert A. Lewis – co-pilot; Major Thomas Ferebee – bombardier Captain Theodore Van Kirk – navigator U.S. Navy Captain William S. Parsons Lieutenant Jacob Beser Second Lieutenant Morris R. Jeppson Technical Sergeant George R. Caron Technical Sergeant Wyatt E. Duzenberry Sergeant Joe S. Stiborik Sergeant Robert H. Shumard Private First Class Richard H. Nelson.12

the tail gunner’s position said, "I can see it coming," meaning the shock wave. He had been told to watch for this. Well, by the time he said that, the first one hit us. It was a real wallop – a real bang. It made a lot of noise and it really shook the airplane. The second hit us with less force, and the third one was very negligible. When we got hit by the shock wave, I rolled right into another bank, a little bit easier this time and came right on around, because with all this going on, I wanted to get a look at it. There was the mushroom growing up, and we watched it blossom. And down below it the thing reminded me more of a boiling pot of tar than any other description I can give it. It was black and boiling underneath with a steam haze on top of it. And, of course, we had seen the city when we went in, and there was nothing to see when we came back. It was covered by this boiling, black-looking mess." - Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the Enola Gay (named after his mother), the B-29 that dropped the world’s first atomic bomb, tells of the destruction of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.

Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr. (1915 – 2007), brigadier general in the United States Air Force, the best US pilot during that time. He was the pilot of the Enola Gay bomber dropping the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.11 "Ask me to do it again under the same circumstances, I wouldn’t hesitate." Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr.13 "I think I did the right thing. I didn’t set out to kill a bunch of innocent people. I set out to kill people that were killing people. I wanted to stop the killing. That was my idea." Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr.14

"We made some photographs really quickly, and as we did that, we approached this big cloud. Well, of course, I knew I didn’t want to fly into that cloud; I knew it was hot with radiation. So we turned off. We were at 33,000 feet. I told the boys, "O.K. now, let’s gets all the air speed we can and get offshore." I knew that if they shot us down over the water there would be Navy vessels or submarines to pick us up. We did see one fighter, but he didn’t come anywhere near us, and it was an easy flight home. The mood was very quiet. Everybody was tired. It was all over. Here we were out over the water and everybody knew that it was just a ride home now, so we took turns sleeping. I had lain down and slept for about an hour, I guess. The reaction didn’t set in for another day. The guys who were working on the airplanes weren’t impressed until the information was public; then they came in with their eyes wide open and asked, "Gee, is it true?" Then, of course, everybody got to feeling real proud of the part he got to play in it. I imagine some pretty wild tales flew around; the stories got pretty big. I felt nothing about it. I was told – as a military person – to do something. I recognized, as somebody said a long time ago, war is hell. I don’t know how many people were killed; I didn’t want anybody to get killed. But let’s face it, if you’re going to fight a war, you fight it to win and use any method you can. It wasn’t my decision to make morally, one way or the other. I did what I was told. I can assure you that I can sleep just as peacefully at night as anybody." - Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr.

(The information on pages 33-58 is a typeset in TeX and printed by Andrew Mossberg in his book "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima", from the video "HIROSHIMA WITNESS" produced by Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK. Special thanks to Andrew Mossberg. 74)

Mr. Hiroshi Sawachika was 28 years old when the bomb was dropped. He was an army doctor stationed at the army headquarters in Ujina. When he was exposed, he was inside the building at the headquarters, 4.1 km from the hypocenter. "I was in my office. I had just entered the room and said "Good morning" to colleagues and I was about to approach my desk when outside it suddenly turned bright red. I felt very hot on my cheeks. Being the chief of the room, I shouted to the young men and women in the room that they should evacuate. As soon as I cried, I felt weightless as if I were an astronaut. I was then unconscious for 20 or 30 seconds. When I came around, I realized that everybody including myself was lying at one side of the room. Nobody was standing. The desks and chairs had also blown off to one side. At the windows, there was no window glass and the window frames had been blown out as well. I went to the windows to find out where the bombing had taken place. And I saw the mushroom cloud over the gas company. The sound and shock somehow suggested that the bomb had been dropped right over the gas company. I still had Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Henry Lewis Stimson (1867 – 1950), Secretary of War. Direct personal control of the entire atomic bomb project.15

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882– 1945), the 32nd President of the United States. Official approval for the Manhattan Project.16

Harry S. Truman (1884 –1972), the 33rd President of the United States. Proceeded with the Manhattan Project after President Roosevelt died.17

no idea what had happened. And I kept looking towards the gas company. After a while, I realized that my white shirt was red all over. I thought it was funny because I was not injured at all. I looked around and then realized that the girl lying nearby was heavily injured, with lots of broken glass stuck all over her body. Her blood had splashed and made stains on my shirt. In a few minutes, I heard my name called. I was told to go to the headquarters where there were lots of injured persons waiting. I went there and I started to give treatment with the help of nurses and medical course men. We first treated the office personnel for their injuries. Most of them had broken glass and pieces of wood stuck into them. We treated them one after another. Afterwards, we heard the strange noise. It sounded as if a large flock of mosquitoes were coming from a distance. We looked out of the window to find out what was happening. We saw that citizens from the town were marching towards us. They looked unusual. We understood that the injured citizens were coming towards us for treatment. But we thought that there should be Red Cross Hospitals and other big hospitals in the center of the town. So why should they come here, I wondered, instead of going there. At that time, I did not know that the center of the town had been so heavily damaged. After a while, with the guide of the hospital personnel, the injured persons reached our headquarters. With lots of injured people arriving, we realized just how serious the matter was. We decided that we should treat them also. Soon afterwards, we learned that many of them had been badly burned. As they came to us, they held their hands aloft. They looked like they were ghosts. We made the tincture for that treatment by mixing edible peanut oil and something. We had to work in a mechanical manner in order to treat so many patients. We provided one room for the heavily injured and another for the slightly injured. The treatment was limited to the first aid because there were no facilities for the patients to be hospitalized. Later on, when I felt that I could leave the work to other staff for a moment, I walked out of the treatment room and went into the other room to see what had happened. Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

When I stepped inside, I found the room filled with the smell that was quite similar to the smell of dried squid when it has been grilled. The smell was quite strong. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a sad reality that the smell human beings produce when they are burned is the same as that of the dried squid when it is grilled. The squid â&#x20AC;&#x201C; we like so much to eat. It was a strange feeling, a feeling that I had never had before. I can still remember that smell quite clearly. Afterwards, I came back to the treatment room and walked through the roads of people who were either seriously injured or waiting to be treated. When I felt someone touch my leg, it was a pregnant woman. She said that she was about to die in a few hours. She said, "I know that I am going to die. But I can feel that my baby is moving inside. It wants to get out of the room. I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mind if I had died. But if the baby is delivered now, it does not have to die with me. Please help my baby live." There were no obstetricians there. There was no delivery room. There was no time to take care of her baby. All I could do was to tell her that I would come back later when everything was ready for her and her baby. Thus I cheered her up and she looked so happy. But I had to return to the treatment work. So I resumed working taking care of the injured one by one. There were so many patients. I felt as if I was fighting against the limited time. It was late in the afternoon towards the evening. And image of that pregnant woman never left my mind. Later, I went to the place where I had found her before, she was still there lying in the same place. I patted her on the shoulder, but she said nothing. The person lying next to her said that a short while ago, she had become silent. I still recalled this incident partly because I was not able to fulfill the last wish of this dying young woman. I also remember her because I had a chance to talk with her however short it was."

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

In 1945 Interim Committee was created

Mr. Yosaku Mikamiwas was 32 years old when he was exposed. When the bomb exploded, he was on a streetcar which was running in Sendamachi, 1.9 km from the hypocenter. He was a fireman. On the morning of August 6, he was on his way back from the night duty to Ujina, going to his home in Sakaemachi. The rest of his family was evacuated one day before. "I was stationed at Ujina fire station. Our duty was to work 24 hours from 8 o’clock in the morning to 8 o’clock in the following morning. We were divided into 2 groups for the shifts. On that day, August 6, I was just about to leave work and go home at 8 o’clock in the morning. When I reached the streetcar stop, I found out that I had missed the car by just a few minutes. So I had to wait about ten minutes more before I got on the next car. The car passed through Miyuki Bashi and was approaching the train office, when I saw the blue flash from the window. At the same time, smoke filled the car which prevented me even from seeing person standing directly in front of me. In about half an hour, I went out of the car. I noticed that the fire was burning everywhere. The sky was dull as if covered by clouds. I decided to go back to work and I ran back to the fire station. There was

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

to advise on the wartime and postwar use of nuclear energy (They were already planning the future of nuclear energy). The committee was chaired by: 18

James Francis Byrnes (May 2, 1882 – April 9, 1972), American statesman, member of the House of Representatives, Senator, Justice of the Supreme Court, Secretary of State, 104th Governor of South Carolina.19 Henry L. Stimson, American statesman, lawyer, Republican Party politician, and spokesman on foreign policy. 15 George L. Harrison, American banker, insurance executive and advisor to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson 20 William L. Clayton, the Assistant Secretary of State. 21 Karl T. Compton, president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 22 James B. Conant, president of Harvard University.24 Ralph Austin Bard (1884 –1975), Chicago financier who served as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He was "the only person known to have formally dissented from the use of the atomic bomb without advance warning." 25

nothing to drink at all... I jumped onto the fire truck with my colleagues who were on duty on that day. I joined them. We drove along the trouble way but we had to return to the fire station soon because there was too much fire and we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t do anything at all. When we were on our way back to the station, and approaching the office of the Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, we found that the warehouse was on fire. So we stopped there and went inside to put out the fire. When the fire had come down, we decided to go to the main fire station to find out what had happened. We passed by the Miyuki Bridge. It was as hot as the result of the heat produced by the fire that the electric-light poles burned down. All of us wore raincoats to protect us from the fire. We also wore caps for the same purpose. Using buckets, we threw water over ourselves when we reached the water tanks. Finally, we reached the main fire station. I guess that about 5 or 6 of my co-workers were there already. Then we were told to take care of the seriously injured. We drove the chief to a hospital and then we drove towards Miyuki Bridge and Takano Bridge, where we found a lot of people dying. There were about 4 or 5 firemen on the fire truck. The men in good condition were clinging to the side of the car. We heard many people swearing, screaming, shouting, and asking for help. Since our order was to help the most heavily injured, we searched for them. We tried to open the eyes of the injured and we found out they were still alive. We tried to carry them by their arms and legs and to place them onto the fire truck. But this was difficult because their skin was peeled off as we tried to move them. They were all heavily burned. But they never complained they felt pain even when their skin was peeling off. We carried the victims to the prefectural hospital. Soon afterwards, the hospital was full, so then we carried the injured to the Akatsuki Military Hospital. On the following day, we decided to visit the small fire stations throughout the town. I believe there were about 20 or 30 small stations with only 7 or 8 firemen each. Those small stations were temporary places near police stations and city halls during war time. The workers stationed at the important places were all killed. I visited one of the fire stations and inside of the Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

burned fire engine, I found a man who was scorched to death. He looked as if he was about to start the fire engine to fight the fire. Inside the broken building, I also found several dead men. I guess they were trapped inside the building. Many of my colleagues who survived on that day, died one month later. Some of them lost their hair before their death. Yes. There were lots of firemen who died one or one and half months later. I feel very sorry for them. I also feel deeply sorry for those who lost their families. I sincerely hope that there would be no more nuclear war."

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Mr. Isao Kita was 33 years old when the bomb fell. He was working for the Hiroshima District Weather Bureau 3.7 km from the hypocenter. He was the chief weather man and his shift fell on August 5 to 6. He kept observing the weather even after he was exposed. "Well, at that time, I happened to be receiving the transmission over the wireless. I was in the receiving room and I was facing north. I noticed the flashing light. It was not really a big flash. But still it drew my attention. In a few seconds, the heat wave arrived. After I noticed the flash, white clouds spread over the blue sky. It was amazing. It was as if blue morning glories had suddenly bloomed up in the sky. It was funny, I thought. Then came the heat wave… It was very – very hot. Even though there was a window glass in front of me, I felt really hot. It was as if I was looking directly into a kitchen oven. I couldn’t bear the heat for a long time. Then I heard the cracking sound. I don’t know what made that sound, but probably it came from the air which suddenly expanded in the room. By that time, I realized that a bomb had been dropped. As I had been instructed, I pushed aside the chair and lay with my face on the floor. Also as I had been instructed during the frequent emergency exercises, I covered my eyes and ears with hands and I started to count. You may feel that I was Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Robert Fox Bacher (1905 – 2004), American nuclear physicist, one of the leaders of the Manhattan Project.26

Manson Benedict (1907 – 2006), nuclear engineer. Development of the gaseous diffusion method for separating the isotopes of uranium.27

Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906 – 2005), director of the theoretical division. 28

rather heartless just to start counting. But for us, who observed the weather, it is a duty to record the process of time of various phenomena. So I started counting with the light flash. When I counted to 5 seconds I heard the groaning sound. At the same time, the window glass was blown off and the building shook from the bomb blast. So the blast reached that place about 5 seconds after the explosion. We later measured the distance between the hypocenter and our place. And with these two figures, we calculated that the speed of the blast was about 700 meters per second. The speed of sound is about 330 meters per second, which means that the speed of the blast was about twice as fast as the speed of sound. It didn’t move as fast as the speed of light but it moved quite rapidly. There is a path which leads by here over there. And on that day, a large number of injured persons walked this way along the path toward the Omi Hospital. They were bleeding all over and some of them had no clothes. Many of them were carrying people on their shoulders. Looking at the injured, I realized how seriously the town had been damaged. The fire was at its peak at around that time. It thundered 10 times between 10 and 11 o’clock. The sound of thunder itself was not so great but still I could see the lightning over the fire. When I looked down on the town from the top of that hill, I could see that the city was completely lost. The city turned into yellow sand. It turned yellow, the color of the yellow desert. ... The town looked yellowish. The smoke was so thick that it covered the entire town. After about 5 minutes, fire broke out here and there. The fire gradually grew bigger and there was smoke everywhere and so we could no longer see towards the town. The cloud of the smoke was very tall, but it didn’t come in this direction at all. The cloud moved in that direction from the ocean towards Hiroshima Station. It moved towards the north. The smoke from the fire, it was like a screen dividing the city into two parts. The sun was shining brightly just like it was the middle of the summer over here on this side. And behind the cloud on the other side, it was completely dark. The contrast was very big. So about 60 or 70% of the sky was covered by the cloud and the other 30% was completely Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

clear. It was a bright clear blue sky. The condition had remained like this for some time. From Koi, looking towards Hiroshima Station, you could see the black rain falling. But from here, I couldn’t judge how much rain was falling. Based on the information I heard later, it seems that the rain fell quite heavy over a period of several hours. It was a black and sticky rain. It stuck on everything. When it fell on trees and leaves, it stayed and turned everything black. When it fell on people’s clothing, the clothing turned black. It also stuck on people’s hands and feet. And it couldn’t be washed off. I couldn’t be washed off. I couldn’t see what was taking place inside the burning area, but I was able to see the extent of the area which was on fire. Based on the information which came later, it seems that the center of the town suffered the worst damage. The atomic bomb does not discriminate. Of course, those who were fighting may have to suffer. But the atomic bomb kills everyone from little babies to old people. And it’s not an easy death. It’s a very cruel and very painful way to die. I think that this cannot be allowed to happen again anywhere in the world. I don’t say this just because I’m a Japanese atomic bomb survivor. I feel that people all over the world must speak out..."

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Mr. Akira Onogi was 16 years old when the bomb was dropped. He was at home 1.2 km away from center of explosion. The house was under the shade of the warehouse, which protected him from the first blast. All five members of the Onogi family miraculously survived the immediate fire at their house. "MR. ONOGI: I was in the second year of junior high school and was mobilized to work with my classmates at the Eba Plant, Mitsubishi shipbuilding. On the day when A-bomb was dropped, I happened to be taking the day off and I was staying at home. I was reading lying on the floor with a friend of mine. Under the eaves I saw blue flash of light just like a spark made by a train or some short circuit. Next, a steam like blast came. INTERVIEWER: From which direction? ANSWER: Well, I’m not sure, anyway, when the blast came, my friend and I were blown into another room. I was unconscious for a while, and when I came around, I found myself in the dark. Thinking my house was directly hit by a bomb, I removed red soil and roof tiles covering me by hand and for the first time I saw the sky. I managed to go out to open space and I looked around wondering what my family was doing. I found that all the houses around there had collapsed for as far as I could see. Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Arthur Holly Compton (1892 –1962), in charge of investigating the properties and manufacture of uranium.29

James Bryant Conant (1893 – 1978), Chairman of the National Defense Research Committee.30

Vannevar Bush (1890 – 1974), a key role in ramping up the Manhattan Project.31

INTERVIEWER: All the houses? ANSWER: Yes, well, I couldn’t see anyone around me but I heard somebody shouting "Help! Help!" from somewhere. The cries were actually from underground as I was walking on. Since no choice was available, I’d just dug out red soil and roof tiles by hand to help my family; my mother, my three sisters and a child of one of my sisters. Then, I looked next door and I saw the father of neighboring family standing almost naked. His skin was peeling off all over his body and was hanging from finger tips. I talked to him but he was too exhausted to give me a reply. He was looking for his family desperately. (…) I think the family’s name was the Matsumotos. When we were escaping from the edge of the bridge, we found this small girl crying and she asked us to help her mother. Just beside the girl, her mother was trapped by a fallen beam on top of the lower half of her body. Together with neighbors, we tried hard to remove the beam, but it was impossible without any tools. Finally a fire broke out endangering us. So we had no choice but to leave her. She was conscious and we deeply bowed to her with clasped hands to apologize to her and then we left. About one hour later, it started raining heavily. There were large drops of black rain. I was wearing a short sleeve shirt and shorts and it was freezing. Everybody was shivering. We warmed ourselves up around the burning fire in the middle of the summer. INTERVIEWER: You mean the fire did not extinguish by the rain? ANSWER: That’s right. The fire didn’t subside at all. What impressed me very strongly was a 5 or 6 year-old-boy with his right leg cut at the thigh. He was hopping on his left foot to cross over the bridge. I can still record this scene very clearly. The water of the river we are looking at now is very clean and clear, but on the day of bombing, all the houses along this river were blown by the blast with their pillars, beams and pieces of furniture blown into the river or hanging off the bridges. The river was also filled with dead people blown by the blast and with survivors who came here to seek water. Anyway I could not see the Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

surface of the water at all. Many injured people with peeled skin were crying out for help. Obviously they were looking at us and we could hardly turn our eyes toward the river. INTERVIEWER: Wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t it possible to help them? ANSWER: No, there were too many people. We took care of the people around us by using the clothes of dead people as bandages, especially for those who were terribly wounded. By that time we somehow became insensible to all those awful things. After a while, the fire reached the river bank and we decided to leave the river. We crossed over this railway bridge and escaped in the direction along the railway. The houses on both sides of the railroad were burning and railway was the hollow in the fire. I thought I was going to die here. It was such an awful experience. You know for about 10 years after bombing I always felt paralyzed whenever I saw the sparks made by trains or lightning. Also even at home, I could not sit beside the windows because I had seen so many people badly wounded by pieces of glass. So I always sat with the wall behind me for about 10 years. It was some sort of instinct to self-preservation."

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Mr. Akihiro Takahashi was 14 years old when the bomb was dropped. He was standing in line with other students of his junior high school, waiting for the morning meeting 1.4 km away from the center. "We were about to fall on the ground in the Hiroshima Municipal Junior High School on this spot. The position of the school building was not so different from what it is today and the platform was not positioned, too. We were about to form lines facing the front, we saw a B-29 approaching and about fly over us. All of us were looking up the sky, pointing out the aircraft. Then the teachers came out from the school building and the class leaders gave the command to fall in. Our faces were all shifted from the direction of the sky to that of the platform. That was the moment when the blast came. And then the tremendous noise came and we were left in the dark. I couldn’t see anything at the moment of explosion (…). We had been blown by the blast. Of course, I couldn’t realize this until the darkness disappeared. I was actually blown about 10 m. My friends were all marked down on the ground by the blast (just like this). Everything collapsed for as far as I could see. I felt the city of Hiroshima had disappeared all of a sudden. Then I looked at myself and found my clothes had turned into rags due to the heat. I was probably

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Karl Taylor Compton (1887 – 1954), president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.32

Alfred Lee Loomis (1887 – 1975), American attorney, investment banker, and philanthropist.33

Harold Clayton Urey (1893 –1981). His team at Columbia worked in research programs that contributed towards the Manhattan Project.34

burned at the back of the head, on my back, on both arms and both legs. My skin was peeling and hanging like this. Automatically I began to walk heading west because that was the direction of my home. (...) I saw a man whose skin was completely peeled off the upper half of his body and a woman whose eye balls were sticking out. Her whole body was bleeding. A mother and her baby were lying with a skin completely peeled off. We desperately made a way crawling. And finally we reached the river bank. At the same moment, a fire broke out. We made a narrow escape from the fire. If we had been slower by even one second, we would have been killed by the fire. Fire was blowing into the sky becoming 4 or even 5m high. There was a small wooden bridge left, which had not been destroyed by the blast. I went over to the other side of the river using that bridge. But Yamamoto was not with me anymore. He was lost somewhere. I remember I crossed the river by myself and on the other side; I purged myself into the water three times. The heat was tremendous. And I felt like my body was burning all over. For my burning body the cold water of the river was as precious as the treasure. Then I left the river, and I walked along the railroad tracks in the direction of my home. On the way, I ran into another friend of mine, Tokujiro Hatta. I wondered why the soles of his feet were badly burnt. It was unthinkable to get burned there. But it was undeniable fact the soles were peeling and red muscle was exposed. Even I myself was terribly burnt, I could not go home ignoring him. I made him crawl using his arms and knees. Next, I made him stand on his heels and I supported him. We walked heading toward my home repeating the two methods. When we were resting because we were so exhausted, I found my grandfatherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brother and his wife, in other words, great uncle and great aunt, coming toward us. That was quite coincidence. As you know, we have a proverb about meeting Buddha in Hell. My encounter with my relatives at that time was just like that. They seem to be the Buddha to me wandering in the living hell. Afterwards I was under medical treatment for Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

one year and a half and I miraculously recovered. Out of sixty of junior high school classmates, only ten of us are alive today. Yamamoto and Hatta soon died from the acute radiation disease. The radiation corroded the bodies and killed them. I myself am still alive on this earth suffering after-effects of the bomb. I have to see regularly an ear doctor, an eye doctor, a dermatologist and a surgeon. I feel uneasy about my health every day. Further, on both of my hands, I have keloids. My injury was most serious on my right hand and I used to have terrible keloids at right here. I had it removed by surgery in 1954, which enabled me to move my wrist a little bit like this. For my four fingers are fixed just like this, and my elbow is fixed at one hundred twenty degrees and doesn’t move. The muscle and bones are attached to each other. Also the fourth finger of my right hand doesn’t have a normal nail. It has a black nail. A piece of glass which was blown by the blast stuck here and destroyed the cells of the base of the finger now. That is why a black nail continues to grow and from now on, too, it will continue to be black and never become normal. Anyway, I’m alive today, together with nine of my classmates for these forty years. I’ve been living believing that we can never waste the depth of the victims. I’ve been living on dragging my body full of sickness and from time to time I question myself. I wonder if it is worth living in such hardship and pain and I become desperate. But it’s time I manage to pull myself together and I tell myself once my life was saved, I should fulfill my mission as a survivor; in other words, it has been and it is my belief that those who survived must continue to talk about our experiences. To hand down the awful memories to future generations representing the silent voices of those who had to die in misery. Throughout my life, I would like to fulfill this mission by talking about my experience both here in Japan and overseas."

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Ms. Kinue Tomoyasu was 44 years old at the time of the A-bomb attack. She was at home, 5 kilometers from the hypocenter. She then entered Hiroshima City to search for her daughter. Ms. Tomoyasu was admitted to the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Victims Nursing Home thirteen years ago. "That morning I left home with my daughter. She was working at the industrial Research Institute. Then an air-raid warning was issued. I went back home, but my daughter insisted, "I’m going to the office." Even though the air-raid warning had been issued. She reached the train station. The trains were always late in the morning, but they were on time that day. She took the train and when she got off at the station, she was hit by the Abomb. I went inside my home since the warning was still on. I tucked myself in bed and waited for the warning to be lifted. After the warning was lifted, I got up and folded the bedding, put it back into the closet, and opened the window. As I opened the window, there came the flash. It was so bright, a ten or hundred or thousand times brighter than a camera flash bulb. The flash was piercing my eyes and my mind went blank. The glass from the windows was shattered all over the floor. I was lying on the floor, too. When I came to, I was anxious to know what happened to my daughter, Yatchan. I looked

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Brehon Burke Somervell (1892 – 1955), General in the United States Army. The Army’s representative on nuclear matters.35

Wilhelm Delp Styer (1893 – 1975), Lieutenant General in the United States Army.36

Edward Teller (1908 - 2003), the father of the hydrogen bomb".37

outside the window and saw one of my neighbors. He was standing out there. I called, "Mr. Okamoto, what was that flash?" He said, "That was a killer beam." I became more anxious. I thought, "I must go, I must go and find her." I swept up the pieces of glass, put my shoes on, and took my air-raid hood with me. I made my way to a train station near Hiroshima. I saw a young girl coming my way. Her skin was dangling all over and she was naked. She was muttering, "Mother, water, mother, water." I took a look at her. I thought she might be my daughter, but she wasn’t. I didn’t give her any water. I am sorry that I didn’t. But my mind was full, worrying about my daughter. I ran all the way to Hiroshima Station. Hiroshima Station was full of people. Some of them were dead, and many of them were lying on the ground, calling for their mothers and asking for water. I went to Tokiwa Bridge. I had to cross the bridge to get to my daughter’s office. But there was a rope for tote across the bridge. And the people there told me, "You can’t go beyond here today." I protested, "My daughter’s office is over there. Please let me go through." They told me, "No." Some men were daring to make the way through, but I couldn’t go beyond it. I thought she might be on a way back home. I returned home, but my daughter was not back yet.... INTERVIEWER: Can you tell us what the black rain was like? TOMOYASU: It was like a heavy rain. And I had my air-raid hood on, so I didn’t get it on my head fortunately, but it fell on my hands. And I ran and ran. I waited for her with the windows open. I stayed awake all night waiting and waiting for her, but she didn’t come back. About six thirty on the morning of the 7th, Mr. Ishido, whose daughter was working at the same office with my daughter, came around. He called out asking for the Tomoyasu’s house. I went outside calling to him, "It’s here, over here!" Mr. Ishido came up to me and said, "Quick! Get some clothes and go for her. Your daughter is at the bank of the Ota River." I said, "Thank you, thank you very much. Is she still alive?" He said, "She Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

is alive," and added, "I'll show you the way." I took a yukata with me. My neighbors offered me a stretcher. And I started running at full speed. People followed me and said, "Slow down! Be careful not to hurt yourself!" But still, I hurried as fast as I could. When I reached the Tokiwa Bridge, there were soldiers lying on the ground. Around Hiroshima Station, I saw more people lying dead, more on the morning of the 7th than on the 6th. When I reached the river bank, I couldn’t tell who was who. I kept wondering where my daughter was. But then, she cried for me, "Mother!" I recognized her voice. I found her in a horrible condition. Her face looked terrible. And she still appears in my dreams like that sometimes. When I met her, she said, "There shouldn’t be any war." My neighbors went back home. They had wounded family members as well. I was all by myself, and I didn’t know what to do. There were maggots in her wounds and sticky yellowish pus, a white watery liquid coming out her wounds and a sticky yellowish liquid. I didn’t know what was going on. INTERVIEWER: So you tried to remove the maggots from your daughter’s body? TOMOYASU: Yes. But her skin was just peeling right off. The maggots were coming out all over. I couldn’t wipe them off. I thought it would be too painful. I picked off some maggots, though. She asked me what I was doing and I told her, "Oh, it’s nothing." She nodded at my words. And nine hours later, she died."

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Mr. Yoshitaka Kawamoto was thirteen years old. He was in the classroom at Zakoba-cho, 0.8 kilometers away from the hypocenter. He was working as the director of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, telling visitors from all over the world what the atomic bomb did to the people of Hiroshima. "One of my classmates, I think his name is Fujimoto, he muttered something and pointed outside the window, saying, "A B-29 is coming." He pointed outside with his finger. So I began to get up from my chair and asked him, "Where is it?" Looking in the direction that he was pointing towards, I got up on my feet, but I was not yet in an upright position when it happened. All I can remember was a pale lightening flash for two or three seconds. Then, I collapsed. I don’t know how much time passed before I came to. It was awful, awful. The smoke was coming in from somewhere above the debris. Sandy dust was flying around. I was trapped under the debris and I was in terrible pain and that’s probably why I came to. I couldn’t move, not even an inch. Then, I heard about ten of my surviving classmates singing our school song. I remember that. I could hear sobs. Someone was calling his mother. But those who were still alive were singing the school song for as long as they could. I think I joined the chorus. We thought that someone would

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Emilio Gino Segrè (1989 – 1973), Italian-born, naturalized American, physicist. A group leader for the Manhattan Project.38

Felix Bloch (1905 – 1983), Swiss physicist involved in the nuclear programme of the Manhattan Project.39

Edwin Mattison McMillan (1907 – 1991), involved in the initial selection of Los Alamos and the implosion research.40

come and help us out. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why we were singing a school song so loud. But nobody came to help, and we stopped singing one by one. In the end, I was singing alone. Then I started to feel fear creeping in. I started to make my way out pushing the debris away little by little, using all my strength. Finally, I cleared the things around my head. And with my head sticking out of the debris, I realized the scale of the damage. The sky over Hiroshima was dark. Something like a tornado or a big fire ball was storming throughout the city. I was only injured around my mouth and around my arms. But I lost a good deal of blood from my mouth, otherwise I was OK. I thought I could make my way out. But I was afraid at the thought of escaping alone. We had been going through military drills every day, and they had told us that running away by oneself is an act of cowardice, so I thought I must take somebody along with me. I crawled over the debris, trying to find someone who was still alive. Then, I found one of my classmates lying alive. I held him up in my arms. It is hard to tell, his skull was cracked open, his flesh was dangling out from his head. He had only one eye left, and it was looking right at me. First, he was mumbling something but I couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand him. He started to bite off his finger nail. I took his finger out from his mouth. And then, I held his hand, then he started to reach for his notebook in his chest pocket, so I asked him, I said, "You want me to take this along to hand it over to your mother?" He nodded. He was going to faint. But still I could hear him crying out, saying, "Mother, Mother." I thought I could take him along. I guess that his body below the waist was crashed. The lower part of his body was trapped, buried inside of the debris. He told me to go away. And by that time, another wing of the school building, or what used to be the school building, had caught on fire. I tried to get to the playground. Smoke was filling in the air, but I could see the white sandy earth beneath. I thought this must be the playground, and then I started to run in that direction. I turned back and I saw my classmate Wada looking at me. I still remember the situation and it still appears in my dreams. I felt sorry for him, but it was the last time I ever saw him. I was running. Hands were trying to Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

grab my ankles. They were asking me to take them along. I was only a child then. And I was horrified at so many hands trying to grab me. I was in pain, too. So all I could do was to get rid of them, it’s terrible to say, but I kicked their hands away. I still feel bad about that. I went to Miyuki Bridge to get some water. At the river bank, I saw so many people collapsed there. And the small steps to the river were jammed, filled with people pushing their way to the water. I was small, so I pushed on the river along the small steps. The water was full of dead people. I had to push the bodies aside to drink the muddy water. We didn’t know anything about radioactivity that time. I stood up in the water and so many bodies were floating away along the stream. I can’t find the words to describe it. It was horrible. I felt fear. Instead of going into the water, I climbed up the river bank. I couldn’t move. I couldn’t find my shadow. I looked up. I saw the cloud, the mushroom cloud growing in the sky. It was very bright. It had so much heat inside. It caught the light and it showed every color of the rainbow. Reflecting on the past, it’s strange, but I could say that it was beautiful. Looking at the cloud, I thought I would never be able to see my mother again; I wouldn’t be able to see my younger brother again. And then, I lost consciousness. When I came to, it was about seven in the evening. I was at the transportation bureau at Ujina. I found myself lying on the floor of the warehouse. And an old soldier was looking in my face. He gave me a light slap on the cheek and he said, "You are a lucky boy."... (Today) I am handing my message over to the children who visit. I want them to learn about Hiroshima. And when they grow up, I want them to hand down the message to the next generation with accurate information. I’d like to see them conveying the right sense of judgment so that we will not lead mankind to annihilation. That is our responsibility."

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Ms. Toshiko Saeki was 26 at the time of the bombing. She was at her parents’ home in Yasufuruichi with her children. Returning to Hiroshima on the afternoon of August 6th, she searched for her other relatives for many days, but wasn’t able to find them. Ms. Saeki lost thirteen members of her family in the A-bomb attack. "SAEKI: I remember an airplane appeared from behind the mountains on my left. I thought it was strange to see an airplane flying that time all by it. I looked at it and it was a B-29. It seemed very strange since there were on antiaircraft guns firing at it. I watched it for a while, and then it disappeared. As soon as it disappeared, another airplane appeared from the same direction. It seemed very, very strange. I was still wondering what would happen. Then, suddenly there came a flash of light. I can’t describe what it was like. And then, I felt some hot mask attacking me all of a sudden. I felt hot. I lay flat on the ground, trying to escape from the heat. I forgot all about my children for a moment. Then, there came a big sound, sliding wooden doors and windows were blown off into the air. I turned around to see what had happened to the house, and at one part of the ceiling, it was hanging in the air. At some parts, the ceiling was caved in, burying my sister’s child and my child as well. When I saw what the blast had done to my house which was far away from Hiroshima, I thought that Hiroshima Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Seth Henry Neddermeyer (1907 – 1988), American physicist. Championed the implosion design of the plutonium atomic bomb, at the Manhattan Project.44

John von Neumann (1903 – 1957), Hungarian-American mathematician.

Robert F. Christy (1916 – 2012), American theoretical physicist.46

too must have been hit very hard. I begged my sister to let me go back to Hiroshima to rescue my family. But by that time, things and flames were falling from the sky. I was scared because I thought that the debris might start fires in the mountains. By the time, I managed to prepare lunch to take along. It started to rain, but I was glad to have some rain. I went out to the main road. About five or six people were coming the direction of Hiroshima. And they were in a horrible condition. They looked much worse than the actual exhibits today at the Peace Memorial Museum. They were helping each other. But they were barely making their way. I cried, "Which part of Hiroshima was attacked?" Every one of them was only muttering, "Hiroshima was attacked. Hiroshima was badly hit." I began to run towards Hiroshima at full speed. As I was running, I saw a mad naked man running from the opposite direction. This man held a piece of iron over his head as if to hide his face. Since he had nothing on his body, I felt embarrassed. And I turned my back to him. The man was passing by me, then, I don’t know why, but I ran after him and I asked him to stop for a moment. I asked him, "Which part of Hiroshima was attacked?" Then the man put down the piece of iron and he stared at me. He said, "You’re Toshiko, aren’t you?" He said, "Toshiko!" INTERVIEWER: Who was this man? SAEKI: Oh, I couldn’t tell who he was right away. His face was so swollen I couldn’t even tell whether his eyes were open. He called me, he said, "It’s me! It’s me, Toshiko! You can’t tell?" Then I recognized him. He was my second eldest brother. He was heavily wounded. INTERVIEWER: His body was covered with burns? SAEKI: Yes, and he looked awful. He told me he’d been engulfed by flames and barely made his way out. He said that mother had waked him up in that morning, and that he was Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

washing up when it happened. He told me that mother was on the third floor, and might have been blown away with the blast. He told me he thought that she must have died. I finally reached Hiroshima, well, in the afternoon I supposed. INTERVIEWER: What was it like then in Hiroshima? SAEKI: Everywhere was filled with mourns and groans and sobs and cries. Those of us who could move around were not treating the injured, but we were carrying dead bodies out of the building. I couldn’t identify people by their faces. Trying to find my family, I had to take a look at their clothing, the clothes of the people who were still in the building. I couldn’t find any of my family, so I went out to the playground. There were four piles of bodies and I stood in front of them. I just didn’t know what to do. How could I find the bodies of my beloved ones? When I was going through the classrooms, I could take a look at each person, but these were mounds. If I tried to find my beloved ones, I would have to remove the bodies one by one. It just wasn’t possible. I really felt sad. There were all kinds of bodies in the mounds. Not only human bodies but bodies of birds, cats and dogs and even that of a cow. It looked horrible. I can’t find words to describe it. They were burned, just like human bodies, and some of them were half burnt. There was even a swollen horse. Just everything was there, everything. INTERVIEWER: Ms. Saeki, how long did you search for your kins? SAEKI: I went to Hiroshima to search on the 6th and the 7th, but on the 8th, they told me that there would be a big air-raid, so I didn’t go on the 8th. And I didn’t go on the 15th, but I went out almost every day. I searched for mother for a long time. But I couldn’t find her. I just couldn’t find her. And finally on September 6th, my elder brother told us in a living room. He called all the family members there together. He had something wrapped in a cloth. And he put it on the table which we used to take meals. My brother said, "Toshiko, unwrap mother yourself. You’ve been out there looking for her every day." So, I did as he told me and undid the wrapping expecting to find pieces of her bones. But it was the half of Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

the burnt head of my mother. No eyes, no teeth, only a small portion of flesh was left on the back with some hair. And there were also her glasses. The glasses are exhibited near the exit of the Peace Memorial Museum as if to tell something to the people now. INTERVIEWER: Your older brother, he also passed away? SAEKI: Yes, after seeing the half burned head of our mother, my brother started to say funny things. He told us to bandage him well to cover the pores of his skin with white cloths. I asked what for and he said he was going to try to do some experiment to extract the radioactivity built up in his body. He told us to bandage him well, except for his eyes and his mouth. So even his nose was covered. Before he started the experiment, he drank a lot of water. He drank more than he could actually take, so, water was dripping from his nose and from his mouth. Then he said he was ready. He told us just to leave him alone and not to enter the room unless he cried out for help. He told us to go away and to keep away from him. And after a while, I peeped in the room. My brother was completely naked. He had stripped all the bandage cloths away. He was just lying still in the corner. I didn’t know what was wrong with him. I thought he was dead. I banged at the door and I cried, "Brother! Brother, don’t die!" He woke up and sat on the floor. He told me that the experiment had failed. He cried that it was a pity. He looked all right, but he was going crazy. He said, "I’ve grown bigger. Make an opening in the ceiling. This room is too small and I can’t even stand up." After the horrible bomb hit Hiroshima, my brother’s mind was shattered into pieces. War does not only destroy things, killing people, but shatters the hearts of people as well. This is war. And during the course of my life, I learned this on many various occasions. I know this now. INTERVIEWER: Ms. Saeki, have you experienced any trouble concerning your health?

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

SAEKI: Yes, I have. By the end of August, maybe around, oh, the 28th or so, my hair started to fall out, I vomited blood. My teeth were coming out. And I had a fever of about 40 degrees. Nuclear war has nothing good. Whether you win or lose, it leaves you feeling futile with only your rage and with fear about the aftereffects of radioactivity. The survivors have to live with this fear. At times I have thought I should have died then, it would have been better. But I must live for the sake of the people, all the people who lost their lives then. So I relate my experiences hoping that my talk would discourage people from making war. Our experience must not be forgotten. What we believed in during the war turned out to be worth nothing. We don’t know to whom we should turn our rage. I went through hell on earth and Hiroshima should not be repeated again. That is why I keep telling the same old story over and over again. And I’ll keep repeating it."

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Bernard T. Feld, Enrico Fermi, Richard Feynman, James Franck, Stan Frankel, Anthony French, Gerhart Friedlander, David H. Frisch, Otto Robert Frisch, Klaus Fuchs, Robert Furman, Albert Ghiorso, Samuel Glasstone, Roy J. Glauber, Lawrence E. Glendenin, John Gofman, Harry Gold, Samuel Goudsmit, David Greenglass, Leslie Groves, Dieter Gruen, Hans von Halban, Theodore Hall, Joseph Gilbert Hamilton, Richard Hamming, John T. Hayward, William Higinbotham, Joan Hinton, Clarence Hiskey, Donald J. Hughes, Henry Hurwitz, Jr., Martin Kamen, Walter Kauzmann, John George Kemeny, Nicholas Kemmer, Joseph W. Kennedy, Paul L. Kirk, George Kistiakowsky, Emil Konopinski, George Koval, Lew Kowarski, Arnold Kramish, Nicholas Kurti, Ralph Lapp, George Laurence, William L. Laurence, Charles Christian Lauritsen, Ernest Lawrence, Warren K. Lewis, Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz, Edwin McMillan, John H. Manley, Henry Margenau, Jacob A. Marinsky, J. Carson Mark, Franklin Matthias, Boyce McDaniel, Nicholas Metropolis, William T. Miller, Philip Burton Moon, Karl Z. Morgan, Philip Morrison, Stanisław Mrozowski, Eger V. Murphree, Seth Neddermeyer, Paul Nemenyi, John von Neumann, Kenneth Nichols, J. J. Nickson, Alfred O. C. Nier, Aaron Novick, Alan Nunn Ma, Mark Oliphant, Paul Olum, Frank Oppenheimer, J. Robert Oppenheimer, William Sterling Parsons, Boris Pash, G. B. Pegram, Rudolf Peierls, William Penney, Baron Penney, William Perl Perseus, George Placzek, Bruno Pontecorvo, Eugene Rabinowitch, Norman Ramsey, Jr, Walter G. Roman, Louis Rosen, Bruno Rossi, Józef Rotblat, Glenn T. Seaborg, Emilio G. Segrè and many other.57

THE BOTTOM LINE: The uranium gun weapon, also known as bomb "Little Boy" was detonated over Hiroshima at an altitude of 18 thousand feet high to achieve the maximum blast effect. About 70,000 people were killed or listed as missing. Out of 90 thousand buildings 60 thousand were demolished. Three days later, the plutonium implosion bomb, known as bomb "Fat Boy" was detonated over Nagasaki. Fat Boy took the lives of 42 thousand people and injured 40 thousand more. It destroyed about 40 percent of all buildings in the city. With a yield of 20 kilotons (-20,000 tons of TNT), it would be considered a nominal atomic bomb. "Little Boy" bomb became a blue print for all future nuclear weapons. At this stage Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d like you to take a break from reading and have a look at the pictures which are placed on the right side of the pages in this chapter. These are the men who stand behind the atomic bomb. Look into their eyes and remember their faces. Why? Because they will always hold FULL RESPONSIBILITY for developing this diabolic energy. EVERYBODY who took part in the development of cancer went into the grave guilty, FACT! Some faces are still missing â&#x20AC;&#x201C; mainly those of the international bankers, investors, and politicians who financially fueled the Manhattan Project. They all deserve special attention because these people prepared the breeding ground for CANCER and other EPIDEMICS which lurk today. Every each of them is credited with the development of this devastating diabolic device known today as the atomic bomb. EVERY EACH OF THEM WENT INTO THE GRAVE GUILTY! This creation brought us into the dark atomic era, whose shadows follow us even today and they are going to follow us for a very, very long time! What they did was not a disaster, it was a tremendous tragedy.

Reference: "Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima" by Andrew Mossberg. Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK

Chapter 3:

Atoms for Peace

"Truth is treason in the empire of lies." - George Orwell 58

Recommended Study Materials: In the Name of Science: A History of Secret Programs; Medical Research, and Human Experimentation, a book by Andrew Golizsek (2003); Americas Nuclear Legacy, a book by Wayne Lebaron (1998);

After the bom attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered within two weeks and the most catastrophic war in the human history so far was over. The nuclear bombs shook the world! Therefore President D. Eisenhower delivered a speech to the UN General Assembly in New York City to calm the terrified world that they would not experience horrors like Hiroshima and Nagasaki again. After the president’s speech, the United States launched the "Atoms for Peace" programme.33 The concept of splitting atoms didn’t remain unforgotten...62, 63, 64, 65 Now try to read between the lines, my friend! How does it sound to you? "Atoms for Peace"... In my painful honesty, it sounds like a bunch of rubbish to me. How did they DARE to connect this type of energy that sent two major cities into heaven with PEACE? Come on, did we live in a fairy tale? Now, listen! Whatever purpose the government had, it was all, but NOT "peace" related!

"I feel impelled to speak today in a language that in a sense is new – one which I, who have spent so much of my life in the military profession, would have preferred never to use. That new language is the language of atomic warfare (…). It is with the book of history, and not with isolated pages, that the United States will ever wish to be identified. My country wants to be constructive, not destructive. It wants agreement, not wars among nations. It wants itself to live in freedom, and in the confidence that the people of every other nation enjoy equally the right of choosing their own way of life (…). To the making of these fateful decisions, the United States pledges before you – and therefore before the world – its determination to help solve the fearful atomic dilemma – to devote its entire heart and mind to find the way by which the miraculous inventiveness of man shall not be dedicated to his death, but consecrated to his life." - December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower’s "Atoms for Peace" Speech before the General Assembly of the United Nations on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy 33 Bennett Harvie Branscomb (December 25, 1894 – July 23, 1998), the fourth chancellor of Vanderbilt University from 1946 to 1963. During that period, 829 pregnant mothers were subject to radiation experiments. Some children later died of cancers and leukemia. The Beautiful Truth Documentary 2, 3, 4. 6, 7

The propaganda representatives educated the public about the illusionary "safety" of the nuclear energy. Their REAL PLAN, however, was to DESIGN and INTEGRATE ionizing radiation everywhere – into the energy industry, agriculture, pharmaceutics, and many other fields. In connection to the armed forces, the military launched the "nuclear arms race". This became the breeding ground for the development of nuclear technology. And so, the Atomic Age Era was about to begin! The military’s concept was simple and easy to understand: the more nuclear weapons you had, the more POWERFUL you were. This concept led to the development of more powerful and efficient nuclear weapons. But we are getting to the worse! Since radiation was a relatively unknown topic, the government of the United States of America decided to perform thousands of radiation experiments on everything that moves, INCLUDING PEOPLE! The military was dropping atomic bombs directly on assembled animals, plant life, biological warfare agents, test buildings, structures, and various military equipment to study the heat, blast, and radiation levels. Vicious military and medical RADIATION EXPERIMENTS were also performed on poor, sick, powerless, but generally innocent people.34, 35 60

To compare, please find the radiation experiments performed by German Nazi authorities at Auschwitz during the World War 2 below.

Sterilization experiments conducted by Dr. Carl Clauberg at Auschwitz, Ravensbrück and other places.8 "(...) Radiation experiments were conducted by means of X-ray, surgery and various drugs. Thousands of victims were sterilized. Aside from its experimentation, the Nazi government sterilized around 400,000 individuals as part of its compulsory sterilization program." Wikipedia.org, Piotrowski, Christa (2000)9 "Intravenous injections of solutions speculated to contain iodine and silver nitrate were successful, but had unwanted side effects such as vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, and cervical cancer." Wikipedia.org, Meric, Vesna (2005)10

Who was funding these unethical experiments? Well, it was the United States military, the Atomic Energy Commission, and other U.S. federal government agencies. These experiments included measuring the health effects of radioactive fallout from nuclear bomb tests. And if there was no bomb testing, the military deliberately released radioactive material over American and Canadian cities. Pregnant women and babies were injected with radioactive chemicals and other poisons.35 If you believe that the Atoms of Peace programme was to bring peace, you are far from the truth! And American citizens bought everything the officials sold them. In the end, it was the ignorance of the public which caused these tragic events. This is the problem which people keep on doing. It is just wrong to say, "I don’t care." My friend, you’d better care! Because if you don’t, you risk your own neck! Read between the lines. Nothing happens without a reason. In the next pages I am going to show you covered-up information which came out to the light decades after this history was written.

"Radiation treatment became the favored choice of sterilization. Specific amounts of exposure to radiation destroyed a person’s ability to produce ova or sperm. The radiation was administered through deception. Prisoners were brought into a room and asked to complete forms, which took two to three minutes. In this time, the radiation treatment was administered and, unknown to the prisoners, they were rendered completely sterile. Many suffered severe radiation burns." Jewishvirtuallibrary.org11 "He [Professor Dr. Carl Clauberg] experimented with sterilization in the camp. Part of Block No. 10 in the Main Camp was put at his disposal. Several hundred Jewish women from various countries lived in two large rooms on the second floor of the building. Clauberg developed a method of nonsurgical mass sterilization that consisted of introducing into the female reproductive organs a specially prepared chemical irritant that produced sever inflammation. Within several weeks, the fallopian tubes grew shut and were blocked. Clauberg’s experiments killed some of his subjects, and others were put to death so that autopsies could be performed." Jewish Virtual Library12

"Schumann expressed a preference for surgical castration as being quicker and more certain." Jewish Virtual Library12

"In 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project, three patients at Billings Hospital at the University of Chicago were injected with plutonium." - Eileen Welsome, the Plutonium Files: America’s Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War 35, 36 "In 1946, six employees of a Chicago metallurgical lab were given water that was contaminated with plutonium-239, so that researchers could study how plutonium is absorbed into the digestive tract." - Goliszek, In the name of Science 35, 37 "Immediately after World War II, researchers at Vanderbilt University gave 829 pregnant mothers in Tennessee what they were told were "vitamin drinks" that would improve the health of their babies, but were, in fact, mixtures containing radioactive iron, to determine how fast the radioisotope crossed into the placenta." - LeBaron, Wayne D., America’s nuclear legacy 35, 38, 35, 39 "Four of the women’s babies died from cancers as a result of the experiments, and the women experienced rashes, bruises, anemia, hair/tooth loss, and cancer." - Loue, 35, 40 2000 "From 1946 to 1953, at the Walter E. Fernald State School in Massachusetts, in an experiment sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the Quaker Oats corporation, 73 mentally disabled children were fed oatmeal containing radioactive calcium and other radioisotopes, in order to track "how nutrients were digested". The children were not told that they were being fed radioactive chemicals and were told by hospital staff and researchers that they were joining a "Science Club"." - LeBaron, Wayne D. (1998), 35, 41, Andrew Goliszek, 2003 35, 42, 35, 43, 35, 44 62

"Documents obtained in 1994 by the United States Department of Energy revealed the following details: The experiment was conducted in part by a research fellow sponsored by the Quaker Oats Company. MIT Professor of Nutrition Robert S. Harris led the experiment, which studied the absorption of calcium and iron. The boys were encouraged to join a "Science Club", which offered larger portions of food, parties, and trips to Boston Red Sox baseball games. The 57 club members ate iron-enriched cereals and calcium-enriched milk for breakfast. In order to track absorption, several radioactive calcium tracers were given orally or intravenously. Radiation levels in stool and blood samples would serve as dependent variables. In another study, 17 subjects received iron supplement shots containing radioisotopes or iron. Neither the children nor their parents ever gave adequate informed consent for participation in a scientific study." - Wikipedia.org, hss.energy.gov 45 ,46 ,47

"Between 1946 and 1947, researchers at the University of Rochester injected uranium-234 and uranium-235 in dosages ranging from 6.4 to 70.7 micrograms per kilogram of body weight into six people to study how much uranium their kidneys could tolerate before becoming damaged." - Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: the secret history of human experimentation" 35, 37 "Between 1948 and 1954, funded by the federal government, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Hospital inserted radium rods into the noses of 582 Baltimore, Maryland schoolchildren as an alternative to adenoidectomy." - Cher Bonnier, "Nasal Radium Irradiation of Children Has Health Fallout", 35, 48 Danielle Gordon, "The Verdict: No harm, no foul, Bulletin", 35, 49 Stewart A. Farber "Nasal Radium Irradiation: Bad Science, Bad Medicine, Bad Ethics" Testimony to U.S. 35, 50 "Similar experiments were performed on over 7,000 U.S. Army and Navy personnel during World War II. ... It went on to become a standard medical treatment and was used in over two and a half million Americans." - Cherbonnier, "Nasal Radium Irradiation of Children Has Health Fallout" 35, 48 64

"Dr. Horst Schumann Legacy Like Clauberg, Schumann was searching for a convenient means of mass sterilization that would enable the Third Reich to carry out the biological destruction of conquered nations by "scientific methods" – through depriving people of their reproductive capacity. "X-ray sterilization" equipment was set up for Schumann in one of the barracks at Birkenau. Every so often, several dozen Jewish men and women prisoners were brought in. The sterilization experiments consisted of exposing the women’s ovaries and the men’s testes to X-rays. Schumann applied various intensities at various intervals in his search for the optimal dose of radiation. The exposure to radiation produced severe burns on the belly, groin, and buttocks areas of the subjects, and festering sores that were resistant to healing. Many subjects died from complications. The results of the X-ray sterilization experiments were unsatisfactory. In an article that he sent to Himmler in April 1944, titled "The Effect of X-Ray Radiation on the human Reproductive Glands" Schumann expressed a preference for surgical castration, as being quicker and more certain." Source: Jewish Virtual Library, Medical Experiments at Auschwitz "It is with the book of history, and not with isolated pages, that the United States will ever wish to be identified. My country wants to be constructive, not destructive. It wants agreement, not wars, among nations. It wants itself to live in freedom and in the confidence that the people of every other nation enjoy equally the right of choosing their own way of life." "Atoms for Peace" speech1

"In a 1949 operation called the "Green Run" the AEC released iodine-131 and xenon-133 to the atmosphere which contaminated a 500,000-acre (2,000km²) area containing three small towns near the Hanford site in Washington." - Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: the secret history of human experimentation" 35, 51 "In the 1950s, researchers at the Medical College of Virginia performed experiments on severe burn victims, most of them poor and black, without their knowledge or consent, with funding from the Army and in collaboration with the AEC. In the experiments, the subjects were exposed to additional burning, experimental antibiotic treatment, and injections of radioactive isotopes. The amount of radioactive phosphorus-32 injected into some of the patients, 500 micro curies, was 50 times the ‘acceptable’ dose for a healthy individual; for people with severe burns, this likely led to significantly increased death rates." - Transcript – 1995 Washington D.C., Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, 35, 51 Wolfgang Uwe Eckart, "Man, medicine, and the state: the human body as an object of government sponsored medical research in the 20th century" 35, 52 "In 1952, Sloan-Kettering Institute researcher Chester M. Southam injected live cancer cells into prisoners at the Ohio State Prison. Half of the prisoners in this NIH-sponsored study were black – the other half weren’t. Also at Sloan-Kettering, 300 healthy women were injected with live cancer cells without being told. The doctors stated that they knew at the time that it might cause cancer." - Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: The secret history of human experimentation", p. 228 35, 42 "In 1953, the AEC sponsored a study to discover if radioactive iodine affected premature babies differently from full-term babies. In the experiment, researchers from Harper Hospital in Detroit orally administered iodine-131 to 65 premature and full-term infants who weighed from 2.1 to 5.5 lb (2.5 kg)." - Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: the secret history of human experimentation", pp. 132-134 35, 42 65

Project Gabriel The Cold War was a sick programme in its nature. In fact, the world fired more than TWO THOUSAND ATOMIC BOMBS altogether! It has always amazed me that so much material could be thrown into the air in such a short period of time. Without doubt, this could only be done by obsessed, insane individuals, who required immediate medical attention. One can logically conclude that this amount of atomic bombs worldwide badly contaminated MY AS WELL AS YOUR food chain with radioactive by-products from the atomic bombs. That’s for sure! These by-products will be discussed in more details in the next volume of this study collection. For now, it’s enough to know the most important information behind fission products – their impact on YOUR HEALTH: 1. The fission by-products are microscopic byproducts of the fission process which takes place during a nuclear chain reaction. These by-products are also called "radioactive particles". 2. Radioactive particles enter the food chain with the ability to contaminate it since their atomic

"April 17, 1947, an Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) memorandum, stamped SECRET and addressed to the attention of a Dr. Fidler, at the AEC in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, reads in part as follows: "Subject: MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS ON HUMANS 1. It is desired that no document be released which refers to experiments with humans and might have adverse effect on public opinion or result in legal suits. Documents covering such work field should be classified "secret". The memorandum was issued over the name of O. G. Haywood, Jr., Colonel, Corp of Engineers." PAST MEDICAL TESTING ON HUMANS REVEALED "The Associated Press reported on 2/27/11 that "Shocking as it may seem, U.S. Government doctors once thought it was fine to experiment on disabled people and prison inmates. Such experiments included giving hepatitis to mental patients in Connecticut, squirting a pandemic flu virus up the noses of prisoners in Maryland, and injecting cancer cells into chronically ill people at a New York hospital. "Much of this horrific history is 40 to 80 years old, but it is the backdrop for a meeting in Washington this week by a presidential bioethics commission. The meeting was triggered by the government’s apology last fall for federal doctors infecting prisoners and mental patients in Guatemala with syphilis 65 years ago. "U.S. officials also acknowledged there had been dozens of similar experiments in the United States — studies that often involved making healthy people sick (…)". Censored in 1995: 1947 AEC Human Radiation Experiments Memo by Carl Jensen13

structure is similar to some minerals found in nature.53 3. When ingested and assimilated, they damage the surrounding tissue on the atomic level. This includes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. Simplified, radiation damages your genetic make-up.54 4. The life-span of these radioactive particles ranges from months to millions of years.55 The extraction of "deadly material" from deep inside the Earth and firing a huge amount of it into the air sounds incredibly stupid. Of course, this and other changes led to a statistical increase of cancer rates (besides other chronic degenerative diseases) from 1:200 in 1900 to 1:30 in 1970.56, 57 The cancer epidemic is also on the rise today! You might ask, "What exactly is its main cause?" The hard fact is that the radioactive particles that entered the food chain became the major factor of the global cancer rate increase. The U.S. fired over two thousand bombs and many of these tests documented an ever-growing

"There are essentially no data available as yet which permit a correlation of very distant fallout with conditions of debris formation. At large time and distance, fallout has not been unambiguously identifiable with any single shot in a series of unlike detonations. (…) Experimental comparisons between rainout and dry fallout may be rather inaccurate because of differences in collector efficiency for the two conditions. (…) No experimental observations on rainout close in to a shot are available since tests are conducted only when local weather is dry. (…) Final Word: It is impractical to evaluate further these deductions about fallout and hazard from resultant radiation dose. It is clear that more accurate experimental and observational data are needed at numerous points in the chain of reasoning. However, it is also obvious that there are several qualitatively different hazards whose absolute and relative significance depends upon many factors which are not included in this study. Dominant among these factors are the conditions of debris formation (surface vs. air bursts, stratosphere vs. troposphere debris clouds, season of year), the extent of economic and sociological chaos which is contemporaneous with fallout, and philosophical judgments as to the comparative importance of radiological and other hazards of war to various segments of the world’s population." PROJECT GABRIEL, U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, Division of Biology and Medicine, Washington, D.C., July 1954.14

concern about cancer and cardiovascular epidemics, which started to be on the rise! Therefore, two research studies "Project Gabriel" and "Project Sunshine" were launched by the USA, the UK and Australian researchers. But they were not trying to solve the problem. They were trying to answer a question which seems to be unthinkable for a healthy person, but quite normal for a mentally sick individual. Their question was: "How much nuclear fallout is needed to make the Earth uninhabitable?" For me, it is "How much more can we throw into the air in the future?" between the lines. The main objective of the first study managed by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission was to "evaluate the radiological hazard from fallout of debris from nuclear weapons detonated in warfare." Basically, the research study was trying to determine the environmental impact of the local and global fallout from nuclear weapons.

"Our knowledge of some of the factors involved is very meager, leading to large uncertainties. While direct observation of the distribution of Sr-90 from nuclear detonations reduces some of these uncertainties, application to prediction of the distributions which may result under other sets of conditions requires knowledge of the effects of those factors which change from one set of conditions to another." PROJECT GABRIEL, U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, Division of Biology and Medicine, Washington, D.C., July 195414 ---------------------------------------------"In sum, during the 1950s the AEC [Atomic Energy Commission] promoted human tissue sampling for studies on fallout and other research, and its efforts involved secrecy and deception. The AEC evidently considered the legal aspects of 'BODY SNATCHING', but there is no evidence that it sought to consider any independent ethical requirements for disclosure to the families of the subjects (or the subjects themselves, where alive) whose tissue was sampled. While further rationale for keeping the data gathering secret may have existed, in surviving documents concern for public relations emerges as the dominant motivation. At the same time, the AEC recognized that secrecy hampered the conduct of research that it believed central to the public interest." Report on Strontium-90 Research15 The 1959 memo to the Prime Minister advises him: "If you propose to make any public comment I think the most important aspect is that Strontium 90 does not result from atom bomb tests and therefore has no relevance to the testing of weapons in Australia."

(The following information is an excerpt from: PROJECT GABRIEL Report, AEC Division of Biology and Medicine) 58

"The distribution in foreign countries of debris from Nevada tests has been observed essentially in only one series, spring, 1953, at 12 stations outside North America. Interpolating through weather data between the widely separated stations, the following picture of world-wide fallout per unit area relative to that in the eastern U.S. can be inferred: Southern Hemisphere North Atlantic, North Temperate Zone in Europe and Asia Arctic North Pacific North tropics (Atlantic) North tropics (rest of world)

<1% 15-40% <15% 5% 5-15% 2-10%

Comparisons have been made between total debris production and total fallout as estimated from test site survey data and world-wide gummed paper collections. Within 200 miles of test site 9% of debris produced U.S. (excluding 200 mile circle) 3% Do. Northern Hemisphere (excluding U.S.) 12% Do. Southern Hemisphere 1% Do. World total fallout 25% Do.

Rain has been analyzed for its Strontium-90 content by both Libby5 and Kulp6. Libby’ s series included 20 samples from the Chicago area collected between November 1952 and October 1953, and Kulp’s included 14 samples from N.Y. between January 11 and April 1, 1954. Average activity except during test series was about 4 dpm Strontium-90/gal, but rose both in June 1953 and April 1954 to peaks of approximately 100 dpm Strontium-90/gal. For particular isotopes these further assumptions are made about retention of ingested elements: (1) Sr-89, 90 –10% retention in skeleton (PE-factor of 1.5). (2) Ba-140 – 5% retention in skeleton (PE-factor of 2). (3) I-131 – 30% retention in thyroid (PE-factor of 1.5). The infinity dose to the pertinent organ, as computed from these assumptions, is listed in Table 5 for fallout of 1 KT/mi2." 69

a. Experiments on uptake through roots. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; It has been fairly clearly established that the uptake of Sr by plant roots is controlled predominantly by the quantity of available Ca in the soil: Sr and Ca behave nearly like isotopes of the same element. Menzel, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, grew cowpeas on 42 American soils to which equal amounts of bomb debris had been added. Available Ca in these soils ranged from 0.7 to 48 mill equivalents Ca/100 gm soil. The Strontium-90/Ca ratio of the plants was approximately inversely proportional to the available Ca in the soil over the full range of Calcium availability. In another set of experiments on a particular type of soil (Evesboro) to which known amounts of Sr-89 had been added at two carrier levels, the results listed in Table 2 were found. The distribution factor K Sr, defined as (Sr/Ca) plant/ (Sr/Ca) soil, indicates the discrimination which the plant makes between Sr and Ca uptake. TABLE 2 Crop Barley Buckwheat Cowpeas

Sr/Ca) soil 0.017 (by mill equivalents) 0.0017 0.017 0.0017 0.017 0.0017

k sr k ba 0.45 0.020 0.39 0.022 0.49 0.023 0.43 0.028 0.53 0.057 0.37 0.053

By combining these two sets of experiments, Menzel concluded that average uptake of Sr from the 42 American soils was best fit by a distribution factor of kSr-0.36. Comparisons of Sr and Ca competition have been made for root uptake from nutrient solutions. Under these conditions, Menzel found a distribution factor of 1, in agreement with the published data of Collander. 15 Further experiments on the stable Sr content of plants and soil under natural conditions are in progress to clarify the picture of comparative Sr and Ca uptake. When Sr is not distributed uniformly throughout depth of soil, uptake depends on root depth. Menzel has compared the feeding of year old alfalfa and Kentucky bluegrass on Ca-45 layered at 3 different depths in experimental plots. The results, shown in Table 3, illustrate this dependence, although depth of feeding varies widely with soil conditions.

TABLE 3 Depth of CA 45 Alfalfa uptake Bluegrass uptake 0" 2.5 units 9.3 6" 5.7 4.7 12" 2.8 0.8 b. Experiments on uptake through the leaves. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Experiments on leaf uptake are underway at Michigan State College and the University of Arizona. Preliminary experiments at Arizona have shown that a considerable fraction of Sr placed on leaves as a dilute nitrate solution is retained. Biddulph has shown that Ca-45 administered to leaves in solution form can be fairly readily metabolized but is not translocated out of the absorbing leaf. c. Observations on atomic test debris (Project Sunshine). â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Correlated sets of alfalfa and soil samples from the Chicago milk shed, September, 1953, have been analyzed for Strontium-90 content by Libby.5 His results have been reported in Sunshine Units, where 1 S.U.-10-12 curies Strontium-90/gm Ca, or approximately 1/1000 of the present maximum permissible body burden for man (1 <mu>c/1000 gm Ca in adult skeleton). The average content of 11 alfalfa samples was 9 S.U. (range 4.3-21 S.U.). The top inch of the associated soils averaged 12 S.U., and the 1"-6" depth averaged 4 S.U. A similar alfalfasoil pair from near Ankara, Turkey, on October 6, 1953, yielded values of 2.1 S.U. for the alfalfa and 1.2 S.U. for the top inch of soil." (The above information is an excerpt from: PROJECT GABRIEL Report, U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, Division of Biology and Medicine) 58

Reading the excerpts above, one doesn’t need much knowledge to realize that the Project Gabriel report doesn’t show much clear and useful information we can work with. We often get in touch with expressions such as: "experimental comparisons may be rather inaccurate…", "more experimental data are required", "impractical to evaluate further deductions", or even quotes saying "(our) knowledge is very meager". The report clearly indicates that at that time the scientists didn’t know almost anything at all, and yet what they knew was terrifying. And yet they didn’t stop fooling around with radiation. Let’s not forgive to give the researchers some credit here! One of the few facts they found is that one of the fission by-products, radioactive strontium-90, gets assimilated by plants and animals because its structure is similar to calcium. Skipping the useless rubbish in the report, Project Gabriel touched upon something what made people very scared. The conclusion of the report can be read as following: Radioactive isotope (strontium-90) may represent the GREATEST HAZARD around the world because after nuclear fallout it gets ABSORBED into living organisms WORLDWIDE. They knew it, yet they continued fooling around with the Evil! Project Gabriel opened the scientists a door to a world full of questions, but they already KNEW one important thing! The fancy fireworks they had been firing for a decade had dispersed massive radioactive contamination worldwide. After this finding, the next question became clear: "How much radiation has been taken up by the people and how much damage has this isotope already caused?" This is the place where Project Sunshine came into the game.

Data of the Project Sunshine were concluded at a Rand-Sunshine conference, which took place from July 21 to July 23, 1953. Here is the list of conference attendees: 17

Project Sunshine After Project Gabriel, scientists found out that the radioactive dust which was the result of thousands of nuclear test has the ability to penetrate everything that is alive because in many cases the radioactive particles emitted from the bombs are similar to the nature’s building blocks. Take for instance the human body. It needs calcium for its healthy bones. Strontium-90 is in its structure very similar to calcium. Therefore the human body can mistake it and pick it up instead of calcium. This is the way how this and other dangerous particles can get into the body. Because of this finding as well as due to the large number of nuclear devices blown into the air, scared representatives of the United States Atomic Energy Commission and USAF Project Rand launched a programme, actually a series of research studies, called Project SUNSHINE, which was to determine the health impact of radioactive fallout on the world’s population. It was meant to examine the long-term health effects of nuclear radiation. When you think about it, how would you get to the information about the radioactive dust in the human bodies? You need to slice the bodies up. And that’s exactly what Project Sunshine turned into. It was a true Dr. Frankenstein programme. Scientists were sampling 73

Adams, C. E. – Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory Bacher, R. F. – California Institute of Technology Bell, C. – Harvard University Bethe, H. A. – Cornell University Bugher, J. C, M.D. – Atomic Energy Commission Cadle, R. D. – Stanford Research Institute Claus, W. D. – Atomic Energy Commission Comar, C. L. – University of Tennessee Coons, Maj. R. D. – Air Research and Development Command Crowson, Col. D. L. – Air Research and Development Command Edinger, J. G. – University of California Eisenbud, M. – Atomic Energy Commission English, S. G. – Atomic Energy Commission Gilmore, F. R. – California Institute of Technology Griggs, D. T. – University of California Grossman, B. – Air Force Cambridge Research Center Gwynn, Lt. Col. P. S. – Armed Forces Special Weapons Project.17

DEAD BODY PARTS around the world! This included dead subjects of adults as well as children and infants. With children there is a higher requirement for calcium, which logically means that with them there is a tendency to pick up more of this radioactive stuff. That means that there is a higher risk of developing cancer. Therefore scientists were especially interested in the children bones. Sampling was a dirty job, but someone had to do it... The task became difficult since the bones of the children and infant corpses had to be collected quietly behind the backs of the subjects’ relatives. It was actually a big crime since the bones were cut off the dead bodies without their relatives’ permission and it was from the autopsy rooms and crematoriums that they were sent silently to the USA. As you can imagine, there isn’t a parent who would be very happy to find out in the news that some researchers collected the body parts of their child that recently passed away to measure some radiation levels. You wouldn’t be very happy to find out that these "radioactive things" remain in your body for life and they cause a huge variety of diseases, including deadly cancer, heart disease, and others! If the public had found it out, this would have lead to a public relations disaster! Therefore, this research became highly classified and the researchers could begin cutting-off 74

Larson, K. – University of California Lauritsen, C. C. – California Institute of Technology Libby, W. F. – University of Chicago Long, F. A. – Cornell University Lulejian, Lt. Col. N. M. – Air Research and Development Command Magee, J. L. – University of Notre Dame Marshall, C. – Atomic Energy Commission Morse, P. M. – Massachusetts Institute of Technology Newgarden, Maj. G. J. – Air Force 4th Weather Squadron Plank, H. F. – Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Plesset, M. S. – California Institute of Technology Salisbury, M. – Atomic Energy Commission Scoville, H. – Armed Forces Special Weapons Project Smith, N. M. – Johns Hopkins University Solomon, A. K. – Harvard Medical School

and stealing dead body parts, particularly skulls, vertebrae, ribs, and leg femur from human corpses. Such is the hidden HISTORY of RADIATION AND CANCER. What follows are excerpts from the Project Sunshine report itself.

Spence, R. W. – Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Taylor, Col. G. J. – Air Force 4th Weather Squadron Teller, E. – University of California Theis, C. V. – U.S. Geological Survey Western, F. – Atomic Energy Commission Wexler, H. – U.S. Weather Bureau Woodward, Col. L. L. – Kirtland Air Force Base and many other 17 Worldwide Effects of Atomic Weapons, Project Sunshine

Project Sunshine: Calcium and Strontium Metabolism (The following information is an excerpt from: PROJECT GABRIEL Report, U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, Division of Biology and Medicine) 58

"It is proper to point out that very little is known about the strontium pathway in the human. However, there are certain relationships established between calcium and strontium metabolism that will enable us to circumvent the constriction of "strontium ignorance" by paying attention to certain quantitative aspects of calcium metabolism. Another important point to consider is the fact that, unlike radium, strontium-90 will find its way into human economy in mixture with its stable isotope. We are thus confronted with a crude tracer-type experiment in which the radioactive material of interest will be quantitatively modified by its relationship to the inert carrier, and that the next carrier must, inferentially, be evaluated an assumed relation to calcium metabolism. Calcium plays an important role in several body functions, but quantitatively about 99 per cent of the element is found in the bones; we may therefore restrict ourselves to bone metabolism. As strontium follows a similar metabolic pathway, our chief items of concern will be deposition and accumulation of radioactivity in bone. Strontium content of human bones, which forms the basis for subsequent considerations, is given in Table 4. The values given in Table 4 are of considerable interest. The relatively constant amount of strontium present hold for all age groups and also for the cadavers preserved since 1914. This would indicate that the variations existing in diet, by the people dying in 1939 did not appreciably affect the strontium content of the bones. Also, the data indicate a fairly uniform distribution of strontium throughout the skeleton. If we take 0.02 per cent to be average strontium content of bone ash and 7000g to be the average weight of the skeleton (50 per cent of this is ash), we arrive at 0.7g as the average content of strontium in the adult skeleton."

Excerpted from an Official Report: Project Sunshine, Worldwide effects of atomic weapons, A. Kramish 59

(The above information is an excerpt from: Report: Project Sunshine, Worldwide effects of atomic weapons, A. Kramish 59

"Figure 3 is a plot of calcium accumulation versus age. These are experimental data taken from growth studies on boys. Assuming that strontium is deposited in bone at the same relative rate as calcium, we can use this curve to arrive at the strontium content for any age. The right ordinate indicates the strontium values plotted for a final Sr/Ca weight ratio of 7 X 10-4."

(The above information is an excerpt from: Report: Project Sunshine, Worldwide effects of atomic weapons, A. 78 Kramish 59

After collecting the body parts, the bones were cremated and the ashes analyzed for radioactive isotopes. "There is no direct experimental evidence that strontium90 is a carcinogenic agent in man," the report quoted. Reading the report yourself, you can realize that nobody really knew anything at all about the health risks... The only thing they knew was that these "things" would assimilate in your body. Once assimilated, they remain for life. Not knowing or at least not predicting the health impact of this radioactive isotope strontium-90, the military of the United States proceeded with further hundreds of nuclear tests in the upcoming years. They had the opportunity to stop it, but they did nothing. As soon as the cancer rate dramatically increased, the government became aware of the seriousness of the situation.

"There is no direct experimental evidence that Sr-90 is a carcinogenic agent in man. It has, therefore, been necessary to compare the effects of Sr90 in animals with those of radium and then to estimate the equivalent response in man from the known radium effects in man. The generally accepted maximum permissible amount of radium fixed in the human skeleton is 0.1 ug, and the Sr-90 value give above is supposed to be equivalent to this. (This method of approach was accepted for the bone-seeking element in preference to the calculation in terms of a permissible amount of radiation equivalent to 0.3 r/week to the critical tissues. Because of the distribution problem in a tissue such a skeleton, the estimation of the concentration, and so the radiation dose, was considered too uncertain.)" Project Sunshine, Worldwide effects of atomic weapons18 "A theoretical analysis of the long range aspects of GABRIEL was made in 1949 by Dr. Nicholas M. Smith, Jr., 1, 2 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, at the request of the Atomic Energy Commission. Smith concluded that Sr90 is by far the most hazardous isotope resulting from nuclear detonations, and that the distribution of this isotope over large areas of the earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface constitutes the limiting factor in estimating the long-range hazard from the use of a large number of atomic bombs." Project Gabriel U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Division of Biology and Medicine Washington, D.C., July 1954

In order to keep the people in peace and quiet, they came up with the radiation education on TV. Government representatives already knew that radiation was causing cancer. The following is an excerpt from archives, which was used in the "Trinity and Beyond" documentary directed by Peter Kuran in 1995. It says following: "Gamma radiation may do us damage in either of two major ways, or both. One, it may physically and directly destroy tissue or eventually cause a development of some kind of cancer. Those (radioisotopes) which concern us principally have life periods ranging from several years to thousands of years. They can do no harm unless they are taken into our bodies with food or drinking water or in the air we breathe. (â&#x20AC;Ś) Let us consider the results of a powerful thermo-nuclear explosion at the Pacific proving grounds in the Marshall Islands 11 degrees north of the Equator. The huge cloud soars up, punches through the tropopause and finally spreads and stabilizes as high as 70 or 80 thousand feet entirely within the stratosphere layer. This brings us to the most widely discussed fission products, strontium-90. Chemically similar to the soil calcium with which it becomes mixed, the strontium-90 follows calcium through its regular cycles into our plant food and into the bones, meat and milk of our plant-eating animals. Reaching our own bodies the strontium-90, like calcium, tends to be concentrated in our bones, particularly those of children who are building new bones. The radiation from strontium-90 has an extremely short range in the body so it causes no genetic threat to the reproductive cells. It does pose a threat to the bone marrow and the bone itself in the form of either leukemia or bone cancer (â&#x20AC;Ś). If this (CANCER) should happen it would be a tragic thing for those injured no matter how small the number. Whether these statistically very few casualties can be justified is a personal value judgment outside the scope of this report. Each citizen must make his or her own evaluation. There are those few who loudly maintain that there is no 80

actual threat to the free world at all, certainly none that could justify either nuclear testing or nuclear armament. The absurd view point hole is that the development of our nuclear power had been absolutely necessary protection against communist hostility and nuclear threat. In this view the fallout casualties â&#x20AC;&#x201C; if any â&#x20AC;&#x201C; will be seen as those of unidentified soldiers in the service of humanity, unknown soldiers in a war which has not struck and which our nuclear power may indeed prevent from ever striking." Source: The Effects of Radiation Fallout Report (Officially announced on TV) Trinity and Beyond Documentary Movie 60

The message states loud and clear:

"WELCOME TO WAR, UNKNOWN SOLDIER!"

Further Medical Studies "An official study shown in New England Journal of Medicine reported many new deaths caused by leukemia in children living in Utah between 1959 to 1967. This resulted in a lawsuit where about 1200 people accused the government of negligence in nuclear weapon testing. According to the National Cancer Institute the 90 atmospheric tests performed in Nevada Test Site have irradiated the area with 5.5 exabecquerels of iodine-131 across the U.S. NCI concluded that this amount is high enough to cause between 10.000 and 75.000 thyroid cancers. The officials believe that about 80.000 U.S. citizens living in the U.S. between 1951 and 2000 will get cancer because of the nuclear test fallout. My personal opinion is that authorities never show real statistics â&#x20AC;&#x201C; only those people they want to see. In reality from the global perspective, there is a much higher cancer rate, and it is constantly rising". - KEITH SCHNEIDER, "Cold War Radiation Test on Humans to Undergo", a Congressional Review. NEW YORK TIMES 1994 April 11; p. D9 62

Picture: The sculpture above reveals the mushroom cloud as a cult object, a golden calf for the demented idolaters at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California, the biggest thinktank in the world. Author Alex Abella wrote about the demented ideas for global domination that he researched there: "The United States had demobilized its armed forces after World War II; new weapons, such as the atomic bomb, were seen as cheaper and more efficient than keeping large numbers of soldiers stationed abroad. Rather than nationalize key military industries, as Great Britain and France had done, the U.S. government opted to contract out its scientific research development to private concerns. The private sector, not bound by the procurement and personnel requirements of the Pentagon, could create new weapons faster and cheaper. RAND would be a bridge between the two worlds of military planning and civilian development." Soldiers of Reason by Alex Abella (2008) Source: Atmospheric Nuclear Testing in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada20

"The U.S. military conducts "Operation Plumbbob" at the Nevada Test Site, 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. "Operation Plumbbob" consists of 29 nuclear detonations, eventually creating radiation expected to result in a total 32,000 cases of thyroid cancer among civilians in the area. Around 18,000 members of the U.S. military participate in Operation Plumbbob’s Desert Rock VII and VIII, which are designed to see how the average foot soldier physiologically and mentally responds to a nuclear battlefield." ("Operation Plumbbob", Goliszek) 62 "Approximately 300 members of the U.S. Navy are exposed to radiation when the Navy destroyer Mansfield detonates 30 nuclear bombs off the coasts of Pacific Islands during Operation Hardtack." (Goliszek) 62

"The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) drops radioactive materials over Point Hope, Alaska, home to the Inupiat, in a field test known under the codename "Project Chariot"." (Sharav) 62 "The AEC performs a series of field tests known as "Green Run", dropping iodine 131 and xenon 133 over the Hanford, Wash. site – 500,000 acres 83

Dr. Mengele "Josef Mengele held a Ph.D. and a medical doctorate. In close collaboration with the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Genetics, and Eugenics, he studied the phenomena of twins, as well as the physiology and pathology of dwarfism. He was also interested in people with different-colored irises and in the etiology and treatment of noma ("water cancer" of the cheek). This latter disease, widespread in the Gypsy Camp, had been previously almost unknown in Europe. Mengele’s first experimental subjects were Gypsy children. He had a laboratory in the socalled "Gypsy Family Camp". On Mengele’s orders, children suffering from noma were put to death in order for pathology investigations to be carried out. Organs and even complete heads of children were preserved and sent in jars to institutions including the Medical Academy in Graz, Austria. Jewish Virtual Library 12 Dr Johann Paul Kremer At the Block No. 28 clinic in the main camp, he carried out assessments of prisoners attempting to gain admission to the hospital. Many of them were at the point of exhaustion, in the "Musselman" state, in the final stages of starvation to death. Kremer ordered most of them to be killed by phenol injection. Kremer selected prisoners who struck him as particularly good experimental material, and questioned them just before their deaths, as they lay on the autopsy table awaiting injection, about such personal details as their weight before arrest and any medicines they had used recently.

encompassing three small towns (Hanford, White Bluffs and Richland) along the Columbia River." (Sharav) 62 "In an AEC-sponsored study to learn whether radioactive iodine affects premature babies differently from full-term babies, researchers at Harper Hospital in Detroit give oral doses of iodine-131 to 65 premature and full-term infants weighing between 2.1 and 5.5 pounds." (Goliszek) 62 "In order to learn how cold weather affects human physiology, researchers give a total of 200 doses of iodine-131, a radioactive tracer that concentrates almost immediately in the thyroid gland, to 85 healthy Eskimos and 17 Athapascan Indians living in Alaska. They study the tracer within the body by blood, thyroid tissue, urine and saliva samples from the test subjects. Due to the language barrier, no one tells the test subjects what is being done to them, so there is no informed consent." Goliszek 62 "In 1953, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) ran several studies on the health effects of radioactive iodine in newborns and pregnant women at the University of Iowa. In one study, researchers gave pregnant women from 100 to 200 micro curies of iodine84

In some cases, he ordered these prisoners to be photographed. Before their bodies were cold, they were subjected to autopsies and slides were made for Kremer of the liver, spleen, and pancreas." Jewish Virtual Library 12 SS physicians Friedrich Entress, Helmuth Vetter, and Eduard Wirths "In 1941-1944, SS camp physicians Friedrich Entress, Helmuth Vetter, and Eduard Wirths carried out clinical trials of the tolerance and efficacy of new medications and drugs, with such ode names as B-1012, B-1O34, B1O36, 3582, P-111, rutenolu, and peristonu, on Auschwitz Concentration Camp prisoners. They did so on commission from IG Farbenindustrie, and particularly from the Bayer firm, which was part of that cartel. These preparations were given to prisoners suffering from contagious diseases, who had in many cases been deliberately infected." Prof. Dr. August Hirt "In 1942, SS-HauptsturmfĂźhrer Prof. Dr. August Hirt, chairman of the anatomy department at the Reich University in Strasburg, set about assembling a collection of Jewish skeletons under the auspices of the Ahnenerbe Foundation. To this end, he received permission from Himmler to select the required number of prisoners at Auschwitz Concentration Camp. The selection of 115 persons and the preliminary preparation, consisting of biometrical measurements and the collection of personal data, were carried out by Dr. Bruno Beger (â&#x20AC;Ś),

131, in order to study the women’s aborted embryos in an attempt to discover at what stage, and to what extent, radioactive iodine crosses the placental barrier. In another study, they gave 25 newborn babies (who were under 36 hours old and weighed from 5.5 to 8.5 lbs) iodine-131, either by oral administration or through an injection, so that they could measure the amount of iodine in their thyroid glands." Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: The secret history of human experimentation", pp. 132-134 35, 42 "In another AEC study, researchers at the University of Nebraska, College of Medicine fed iodine131 to 28 healthy infants through a gastric tube to test the concentration of iodine in the infants’ thyroid glands." Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: the secret history of human experimentation", pp. 132134 35, 42 "Between 1953 and 1957, at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. William Sweet injected eleven terminally ill, comatose and semi-comatose patients with uranium in an experiment to determine, among other things, its viability as a chemotherapy treatment against brain tumors, which all but one of the patients had (one being a misdiagnosis). Dr. Sweet, who died in 2001, 85

who arrived in Auschwitz in the first half of 1943. Berger finished his work by June 15, 1943. After going through quarantine, some of the prisoners whom Berger selected were sent in July and early August to NatzweilerStruthof Concentration Camp, where they were killed in the gas chamber. The victims’ corpses were sent to Hirt as material for his skeleton collection, which was intended for use in anthropological studies that would demonstrate the superiority of the Nordic race." Jewish Virtual Library12 "In one of the most famous Japan research units, Unit 731 victims were subjected to vivisection without anesthesia, amputations, and were used to test biological weapons, among other experiments. Anesthesia was not used because it was believed to affect results." "Unmasking Horror", Nicholas D. Kristof21 "To determine the treatment of frostbite, prisoners were taken outside in freezing weather and left with exposed arms, periodically drenched with water until frozen solid. The arm was later amputated; the doctor would repeat the process on the victim’s upper arm to the shoulder. After both arms were gone, the doctors moved on to the legs until only a head and torso remained. The victim was then used for plague and pathogens experiments." "General Ishii Shiro: His Legacy is that of a Genius and Madman" by Gregory Dean Byrd

maintained that consent had been obtained from the patients and next of kin." LeBaron, Wayne D, "America’s nuclear legacy", pp. 109–111, Moreno, "Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans" (2001), p. 132 80, 81 "An eighteen-year-old woman at an upstate New York hospital, expecting to be treated for a pituitary gland disorder, was injected with plutonium." "Plutonium Files: How the U.S. Secretly Fed Radioactivity to Thousands of Americans", Democracy Now! 72 "In another study at the Walter E. Fernald State School, in 1956, researchers gave mentally disabled children radioactive calcium orally and intravenously. They also injected radioactive chemicals into malnourished babies and then pushed needles through their skulls, into their brains, through their necks, and into their spines to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis." Abhilash R. Vaishnav, 1994, "The Tech online edition".74 Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: The secret history of human 37 experimentation", p. 253

"Experiments carried out by Unit 731 alone caused 3,000 deaths." GlobalSecurity.org, 200522 "Top officers of Unit 731 were not prosecuted for war crimes after the war, in exchange for turning over the results of their research to the United States. They were also reportedly given responsible positions in Japan’s pharmaceutical industry, medical schools and health ministry." "Japan digs site linked to WWII human experiments" by Associated Press 23 Japan confronts truth about its germ warfare tests on prisoners of war, David McNeill 24 Wikipedia.org25

"In 1962, the Hanford site again released I-131, stationing test subjects along its path to record its effect on them. The AEC also recruited Hanford volunteers to ingest milk contaminated with I-131 during this time." Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: The secret history of human experimentation", pp. 132-134 37

"In 1961 and 1962, ten Utah State Prison inmates had blood samples taken which were then mixed with radioactive chemicals and reinjected back into their bodies." LeBaron, Wayne D., 1998, "Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nuclear legacy" 38 "In a 1967 study that was published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, pregnant women were injected with radioactive cortisol to see if it would cross the placental barrier and affect the fetuses." Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: The secret history of human experimentation", pp. 223-225 37 "In 1954, American scientists conducted fallout exposure research on the citizens of the Marshall Islands after they were inadvertently irradiated." "Operation Castle". Retrieved 6/11/2011. "The Operation Castle Bravo test was detonated upwind of Rongelap Atoll and the residents were exposed to serious radiation levels, up to 180 rad. Of the 236 Marshallese exposed, some developed severe radiation sickness and one died, and long term effects included birth defects, "jellyfish" babies, and thyroid problems." Nuclear Issues 66

"In 1957, atmospheric nuclear explosions in Nevada, which were part of "Operation Plumbbob" were later determined to have released enough radiation to have caused from 11,000 to 212,000 excess cases of thyroid cancer amongst U.S. citizens who were exposed to fallout from the explosions, leading to between 1,100 and 21,000 deaths." Exposure of the American People to Iodine-131 from Nevada Nuclear-bomb Tests (...) by Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Thyroid Screening Related to I-131 Exposure, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Exposure of the American People to I-131 from the Nevada Atomic Bomb Tests 67 "Between 1960 and 1971, the Department of Defense funded non-consensual whole body radiation experiments on poor, black cancer patients, who were not told what was being done to them. Patients were told that they were receiving a "treatment" that might cure their cancer, but in reality the Pentagon was attempting to determine the effects of high levels of radiation on the human body. One of the doctors involved in the experiments, Robert Stone, was worried about litigation by the patients, so he only referred to them by their initials on the medical reports. He did this so that, in his words, "there will be no means by which the patients can ever connect themselves up with the report", in order to prevent "either adverse publicity or litigation"." LeBaron, Wayne D., 1998, "Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nuclear legacy" 30 "From 1960 to 1971, Dr. Eugene Saenger, funded by the Defense Atomic Support Agency, performed whole body radiation experiments on more than 90 poor, black, terminally ill cancer patients with inoperable tumors at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. He forged consent forms, and did not inform them of the risks of irradiation. The patients were given 100 or more rads of whole-body radiation, which in many caused intense pain and vomiting. Critics have questioned the medical rationale for 88

this study, and contend that the main purpose of the research was to study the acute effects of radiation exposure." Thomas H. Maugh II, "Eugene Saenger, 90; physician conducted pivotal studies on effects of radiation exposure" 68, Human Experiments 69 "Cancer patients (mostly Negroes of below-average intelligence who were charity patients) during 1960-72 in Cincinnati were exposed to large doses of whole body radiation as part of an experiment sponsored by the U.S. military. None of the subjects gave informed consent; they thought they were receiving treatment for their cancer. Subjects experienced nausea and vomiting from acute radiation sickness, pain from burns on their bodies, and some died prematurely as result of radiation exposure." Source: Cincinnati Radiation Litigation70 "There were intradermal injections of live human cancer cells into 22 chronically ill, debilitated non-cancer patients in 1963 without their consent in the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital case, to learn if foreign cancer cells would live longer in debilitated noncancer patients than in patients debilitated by cancer. Lump at injection site disappeared approximately seven weeks after injection. Research funded by U.S.P.H.S. and American Cancer Society. The subjects were not told that the injection contained cancer cells, because the physicians "did not wish to stir up any unnecessary anxieties in the patients" who had "phobia and ignorance" about cancer. Physicians claim each patient gave "oral consent", but a material fact was not disclosed to patient and many of the patients were not in a physical or mental condition to give valid consent. Hospital administration tried to cover-up lack of consent, and some written consents were fraudulently obtained after the fact. Three physicians at the Hospital resigned when the administration did not seriously consider their complaints about the experiment. The chief of medicine at JCDH and the principal investigator were placed on probation for one year by the New York State 89

medical licensing board, as a result of a unanimous guilty verdict on fraud/deceit and unprofessional conduct. Two years later, the American Cancer Society elected the principal investigator to be their Vice-President." Hyman 251 N.Y.S.2d 818 (1964), 258 N.Y.S.2d 397 (1965)72, Katz, Experimentation with Human Beings (1972) pp. 9-65 73 "From 1963 to 1973, a leading endocrinologist, Dr. Carl Heller, irradiated the testicles of Oregon and Washington prisoners. In return for their participation, he gave them $5 a month, and $100 when they had to receive a vasectomy upon conclusion of the trial. The surgeon who sterilized the men said that it was necessary to "keep from contaminating the general population with radiation-induced mutants". One of the researchers who had worked with Keller on the experiments, Dr. Joseph Hamilton, said that the experiments "had a little of the Buchenwald touch"." Cockburn, Alexander; Jeffrey St. Clair 74 "In 1963, University of Washington researchers irradiated the testicles of 232 prisoners to determine the effects of radiation on testicular function. When these inmates later left prison and had children, at least four of them had offsprings born with birth defects. The exact number is unknown because researchers never followed up on the status of the subjects." Goliszek, 2003, "In the name of Science: The secret history of human experimentation" 37 "Researchers injected a genetic compound called radioactive thymidine into the testicles of more than 100 Oregon State Penitentiary inmates to learn whether sperm production is affected by exposure to steroid hormones." Greger

"I will follow that system which . . . I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever91 is deleterious and mischievous." - From the Hippocratic Oath

The Official Nuclear Test Statistics 75 Recommended Literature: Nukes in Space - Rainbow Bombs by Peter Kuran (2006); America’s Atomic Bomb Tests - The Collection DVD (2005); Image Entertainment (2005); The American Experience - Race for the Superbomb, documentary (1999)

The "Atoms for Peace" concept was really throwing some serious stuff up in the air and intoxicating innocent children! The rotten stench of the Cold War was in fact the after-stench of the World War II. Things got more quite, but in general, the way of thinking didn’t change! To close up this era, below you will find some official statistics of nuclear tests performed during the Cold War. Please don’t forget to consider the "statistics" relative – just as the meaning of the term "official". There always will be a difference in what you see and what you get... The United States: The official statistics report 1,054 nuclear tests, including 331 atmospheric tests, using at least 1,151 devices. Places in Nevada, Marshall Islands, Alaska, Colorado, and New Mexico remain irradiated and inhabitable. The Soviet Union: The official statistics report 715 nuclear tests, using at least 969 devices. Various test sites in Ukraine, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan remain irradiated and inhabitable. 92

"In 1945 the Hanford nuclear weapons complex in Washington, producing Plutonium for the first generation of atomic bombs, released into the atmosphere radioactive iodine that rivaled in magnitude that released in Chernobyl in 1986 – the nuclear accident acknowledged as the worst in human history. Between Hanford and Chernobyl the planet endured decades of fallout from atmospheric bomb tests equivalent to 40,000 Hiroshimas. The impact on the hormonal and immune systems of more than 80 million baby boomers was, according to Gould, immediate and enduring (...). The percentage of underweight live births rose by over 40 percent in New York State between 1945 and 1965, as Strontium-90 seeped into human bone from atmospheric abuse. Gould charts an epidemic rise in cancer and leukemia during the fifties in children aged 5 to 9. By 1980, they were hit by a wave of immune deficiency diseases never before experienced by this age group (...). Gould reports a 37 percent increase in Russian mortality since the 1986 accident; male life expectancy dropped from 65 in 1986 to less than 58 in 1994. In 1958 Andrei Sakharov predicted that radioactive Strontium would cause both immediate and delayed harm to the human immune system. But the Soviet establishment silenced him when he protested hydrogen bomb tests in 1961 because they would cause millions of premature deaths worldwide; he pointed out that man-made radiation would accelerate the mutation of all microorganisms – which would especially endanger vulnerable immune systems (...)."

France: The official statistics report 210 atmospheric and 160 underground nuclear tests. Various test sites in Reggane, French-Algerian Sahara, Fangataufa, and Sahara are even today irradiated and inhabitable. The United Kingdom: The official statistics report 45 nuclear tests. Various test sites in the Australian Capital Territory are irradiated and remain inhabitable. China: The official statistics report 45 tests. Test sites in Malan, Xinjiang are irradiated and remain inhabitable. India: The official statistics report 6 tests. Nuclear tests have been performed at Pokhran. Pakistan: The official statistics report 6 tests. These places were irradiated. North Korea: Two tests were reported at Hwadae-ri.

"By demonstrating the connection between radioactivity and immune deficiency diseases, "The Enemy Within" should help drive a stake into the heart of the nuclear industry. Since the alternative is extinction, we must change the course of history." Cold War Fallout (Cook),26 The Enemy Within (Gould), The Light Party 27 28 39

Picture: Soldiers being exposed to a nuclear explosion during the tests at the Nevada Test Site in 1951. 20

(The above information is an excerpt from: Atmospheric Nuclear Testinging in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions by Theo Radic, /www.angelfire.com/sk/syukhtun/pacificbombs.html)

"The radioactive fallout from these Nevada tests drifted eastward extending over the breadth of the nation, even out into the Atlantic Ocean. The countless cancer victims that these tests caused had to wait until the 1990s for a formal apology and monetary compensation from the government. By that time very many had already died. A report conducted in 1998 by the National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concludes that nuclear testing has exposed to radiation nearly everyone who has resided in the United States since 1951. Indeed, some of the radioactive materials from these atmospheric tests still circulate in the atmosphere at this moment. (…) What is more, from 1951 to 1957 at the Nevada test site, the mindless lunacy of the government and the military led to the carrying out of "atomic war exercises" by US soldiers at or near ground zero. Sometimes the soldiers were as close as 1.8 miles from the blast. In this way military commanders wished to "harden" their troops to "tactical atomic warfare." The army equipped some American infantrymen in Europe and the Far East with the "Davy Crocket" – a bazooka fitted with a small nuclear warhead. It was decommissioned in 1972 because it exploded too close to the soldiers who fired it. Very many of these military guinea pigs contracted cancers and died."

Reference: Atmospheric Nuclear Testinging in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions by Theo Radic.

Picture: Volunteers standing at ground zero. The goal was to demonstrate the safety of nuclear bombs.20

Picture: Demonstration of a "common" decontamination procedure using a broom after a Charlie test at Nevada Proving Grounds in 1952.20

Picture: This is the place where the Mohave people had lived for thousands of years. The white man came – took their lives and turned their homes into a radioactive waste land, carrying the scars from the nuclear tests for hundreds of years to come. This is the true image of the USA.20

After some time, atomic bomb test became nothing more than a fancy firework. People fired so many bombs â&#x20AC;&#x201C; people simply love to watch the fire burn. On the picture you can see VIP observers watching the "spectacular event", which caused suffering around the world. "Soldiers were not the only "nuclear guinea pigs" of the United States government. Civilians were deliberately injected with uranium and plutonium in government-sponsored experiments. They were fed food contaminated with fall-out from atomic tests, and made to breathe radioactive air. As if taking the experiments of Mengele and other Nazi "doctors" as a model, American scientists subjected hundreds of citizens to high levels of radiation. Mentally retarded children were fed it in their cornflakes. Black university students, prisoners, mental hospital patients, pregnant women and others were injected, or fed or exposed to materials like plutonium-238. Radioactive particles were intentionally pumped into the air of New Mexico, Tennessee and Utah to use the entire population as guinea pigs. Dead children were used in atomic bomb experiments to measure the amount of strontium90 in the skeleton. Australian child cadavers (Aborigines?) were also imported to the US for similar experiments. The anguish, pain, sorrow and suffering that the government inflicted willingly on its own citizens continues to this day, for all the victims have not died. And yet, nuclear testing has resumed at the Nevada Test Site! On September 19, 2003, the underground test named Piano was conducted." Atmospheric Nuclear Testing in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada 76

Reference: Atmospheric Nuclear Testinging in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions by Theo Radic.

On May 25, 2004, the underground test named Armando was conducted. "From 1960-71, in experiments which may have caused the most deaths and spanned the most years, Dr. Eugene Saenger, a radiologist at the University of Cincinnati, exposed 88 cancer patients to whole body radiation. Many of these human guinea pigs were poor African-Americans at Cincinnati General Hospital with inoperable tumors. All but one of the 88 patients has died. There is evidence that scientists forged signatures on the consent forms for the Cincinnati experiments. Gloria Nelson testified before the House that her grandmother, Amelia Jackson, had been strong and still working before she was treated by Dr. Saenger. Following exposure to 100 rads of whole body radiation (about 7,500 chest X-rays), Amelia Jackson bled and vomited for days and became permanently disabled. Nelson testified that the signature on her grandmotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s consent form was forged... Even at this late date, it seems that some scientists involved are unable to see any problems with their behavior." (Tod Ensign and Glenn Alcalay) A vast body of information about nuclear bomb testing and its effects on humans has yet to see the light of day, but some individual accounts are horrific." Excerpted from: Atmospheric Nuclear Testing in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada 76

"The United States government has released documents giving details of atomic bomb tests conducted during the Cold War. One of the films shows a group of unprotected "military observers" who were placed directly beneath an airborne detonation. The film commentary says, "The observers stood directly right under the burst, indicating the safety of intercepted nuclear rocketry." Some participants in the experiments were told that radioactive fallout could simply be brushed away. Mohave medicine men stood on a sacred mountain in Nevada northwest of Las Vegas and saw the blasts. The Aha Macav (Mohave) people have lived in this area of North America for many thousands of years. Unlike the

Reference: Atmospheric Nuclear Testinging in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions by Theo Radic.

American military conducting the atomic tests in Nevada, they regard the desert as sacred. Numerous landmarks in the Mohave homeland, as well as other tribal homelands across the continent, are seeped in millennia-old traditions of ongoing spiritual teachings and mythologies. Many are veritable shrines as sacred to the Indigenous Nations as the church in Bethlehem, built on the supposed site of Jesusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; birth, is sacred to Christians. But for the Americans at the time of these atmospheric nuclear tests (and the hundreds of underground tests), the Nevada desert was just a barren wasteland best suited for large-scale destruction, leaving scars in the landscape for hundreds of years to come, as are the monumental craters blown from the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. The Mohave medicine men looked in awe as the evil power of the devastators unleashed its energy and light, unfolding its mushroom cloud of self-annihilation. They stood on the sacred mountain Savetpilye (Charleston Peak) as they beheld the atomic flash with bare eyes, as silent as ghosts. Maybe some of them went blind, or died of radioactive poisoning, thinking it was another of the white manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s diseases like syphilis or smallpox, and not knowing that it was an even deadlier disease: progress. Adding insult to injury in this destruction of Native American homelands, the atomic technicians gave their nuclear bombs Native American tribal names: Mohawk, Zuni, Aztec, Apache, Dakota, Cherokee, Huron, Seminole, and Shasta. These outrages, as well as the killing of numerous innocent people, occurred in times of "peace". The U.S. Congress, reacting like a man who has just shot himself in the foot, declared in 1980: "The greatest irony of our atmospheric nuclear testing program is that the only victims of U.S. nuclear arms since World War II have been our own people." (This statement overlooks one Japanese fisherman who was killed as a result of the Bravo blast in 1954. The widow of the Japanese fisherman received a meager $2,778 from the State Department.) There are many more such appalling "ironies" derived from this wanton devastation by the federal government in time of "peace". In 1963 the Limited Test Ban Treaty was Reference: Atmospheric Nuclear Testinging in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions by Theo Radic.

signed by the U.S., the U.S.S.R. and the U.K. banning all nuclear testing in the atmosphere, oceans and outer space. Global radioactive fallout was the most intense in history in that year. Tens of thousands of people died slow deaths from cancer as a result of this global fallout in time of "peace", deaths that had never been documented. The thousands of American victims at present have no more deadly an enemy than their own government. "Indigenous islanders were uprooted without recourse from the test site areas initially, and several tests greatly exceeded expected yields, creating intense and unexpected radiological disasters. Of these, the 15megaton 1954 Bravo test at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands was the worst, badly sickening test personnel, relocated islanders nearby, and the crew of a Japanese fishing vessel 85 miles away from the blast. Repeated large-scale testing has also resulted in enduring radiological contamination of all the test islands, including Enewetak Atoll and Johnston and Christmas Islands. Bikini remains uninhabitable to this day. [...] In 1988 the United States established a Marshallese Nuclear Tribunal to compensate the radiation victims, and more than 1,000 islanders have received damages." Excerpted from: Atmospheric Nuclear Testing in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada 76 Reference: Atmospheric Nuclear Testinging in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions by Theo Radic.

Picture: First H-Bomb, Bikini Atoll, struck with the force equivalent to 7,000 times the force of the Hiroshima bomb.30

Picture: Native people being evacuated from their home land at Bikini Atoll.20

Picture: Lore Kessibugi, telling the story in an interview with Jack Niedentahl.20

San Francisco Chronicle, Dec. 7, 1999: DATELINE - Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands: "Early one morning 45 years ago, an 11-year-old boy named Norio Kebenli was preparing to fish in the lagoon of Rongelap Atoll, a necklace of tiny coconut palm-covered islands in the center of the Pacific Ocean. The sun was dawning in the east as it always does. Kebenli prepared a small boat for the day ahead, as he always did. Then a second sun rose from the west. Kebenliâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life, like those of all Rongelapese, would never be the same. The light appeared in the western sky and became bigger and bigger", Kebenli, now 56, recalls. "The light was so strong it hurt my eyes. It filled the whole western sky." "A few hours later, thick flakes of radioactive fallout began falling on Rongelap. By the time a U.S. Navy destroyer arrived the next day to evacuate the atoll, people were vomiting blood and losing their hair. A hydrogen bomb test on neighboring Bikini Atoll ("Bravo"!) had gone awry, they were told everyone must leave immediately. The survivors and their descendants are still waiting to return home. The Americans moved the Rongelap people from their atoll after (!) the "Bravo" test. They later returned, being told it was safe. Birth defects and other health problems began to escalate among the people, but the United States ignored their cries for relocation to a safer home. It took a private organization to evacuate them. They now live in overpopulated and desperate conditions with an extremely high suicide rate among their young people." Excerpted from: The San Francisco Chronicle 77

Reference: Atmospheric Nuclear Testinging in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions by Theo Radic.

"In interviews with Jack Niedenthal in 1987,1988, 1990, and 1991, Bikini elder Lore Kessibuki spoke of the banishment of the Bikinians imposed on them by the United States. When the Japanese invaded their homeland, Kili Island was used as a prison camp for Marshall islanders who misbehaved. He continued: You could say that in those days Kili was considered, literally, a prison. Then came the Americans after World War II, and after moving us from Bikini so that they could test their bombs, they eventually moved the Bikinian people to Kili. We feel that Kili is like a prison because we canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t sail to another island, or even take a long refreshing walk when life closes in on us. Many times even the ships refuse to stop and unload supplies for the island. There are many other things that simply cannot be done on Kili, because it is such a small island. The food we brought with us did not last very long. We again began to starve. This time, when we began to worry, we all blamed everything on the Americans. What could we do? The Americans moved us here, then they forgot about their responsibilities to us, and again we found ourselves starving. We were full of worry and near death. Their promises were once again not ringing true. And yet, through all of this, most of us remained hopeful that the Americans would come to our aid. Most of us clung desperately to the belief that the Americans would again be our saviors. In those early days on Kili we spent a lot of time contemplating and dreaming about our homeland. But negative feelings would always surge up in our beings telling us that we would never see our islands again. These thoughts made us realize that we may never again be able to pass on the valuable traditional skills necessary to sustain our lives on the outer islands. And, therefore, there was the possibility that our origins and our stories of Bikini might also be forgotten. These thoughts made living on Kili very depressing. [...] America, America, America-where are you?" Excerpted from: "Atmospheric Nuclear Testing in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada" 76

Reference: Atmospheric Nuclear Testinging in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions by Theo Radic.

100

ccc

"Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." - Julius Robert Oppenheimer

"Trinity Test" Atomic Bomb July 16, 1945, 5:29AM (21 kt - 21.000 tons of TNT)

"An American-Japanese investigatory team studied 20,000 Hiroshima-Nagasaki survivors, all of whom were under ten in 1945. The findings, reported in the British medical journal Lancet, define a "high-risk group" within the 20,000 as those who were exposed while in the open air one mile or less from the explosionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s center. Cancer has been ten times more frequent in this group than among those who were inside shelters or situated farther from the explosion. Even among people exposed to a lesser degree of radiation, cancers of the thyroid, uterus and bone have developed in increasing numbers during the past decade (...). The casualty commission sees no evidence that a peak has yet been reached." Medicine: Hiroshima Time Bomb 31

"If the radiance of a thousand suns

101

were to burst at once into the sky, That would be like the splendor of the Mighty One... I am become Death, The shatterer of Worlds." The Bhagavad-Gita 32

102

"Fat Man" Atomic Bomb Nagasaki, Japan August 9, 1945, 11:02AM (20-21 kt)

Despite a gradual decrease, gastric cancer remained the most common malignancy among males and females throughout the surveillance period, accounting for 24% of all cancers by the late 1980s. The rate of liver cancer has increased dramatically among males during the past 20 years, with a 2-fold increase in incidence in the past 10 years alone. The populations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki now have among the highest rates of liver cancer in the world. Breast cancer incidence in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in contrast, is among the lowest in the world, although incidence rates have doubled since the 1960s. Other common malignancies include cancers of the lung, colon and rectum among males and cancers of the colon, cervix and lung among females. " Pubmed.gov, Goodman MT, Mabuchi K, Morita M, Soda M, Ochikubo S, Fukuhara T, Ikeda T, Terasaki M. "Cancer incidence in Hiroshima and 103 Nagasaki, Japan, 1958-1987", Cancer Research Center of Hawaii 78

Shot "Baker" of Operation Crossroads Bikini Atoll in the Pacific July 25, 1946 (20 kt)

104

Priscilla shot,

Operation "Plumbbob" Nevada Test Site

June 24, 1957 (37 kt)

105

Test code-named "Ivy" North of Runit Island in the Enewetak atoll November 16, 1952 (500 kt)

106

First hydrogen bomb, code-named "Ivy Mike" Enewetak Atoll of the Marshall Islands November 16, 1952 (10-12 mt â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 700x Hiroshima)

107

Most powerful bomb by the US "Castle Bravo" A single blast strong enough to exceed all weapons used in WWI and WW II Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands March 1, 1954 (15 mt)

108

"The most dramatic assessment came at the international conference in 1950s. Twenty of the leading scientists warned that strontium-90 could irreversibly damage the human race." Inaugural Conference on Science and World Affairs, Pugwash, Canada, July 1957 79

Test code-name "Canopus", a Licorne TN60 Fangataufa, French Polynesian (Mururoa) July 3, 1970 (914 kt)

109

Most powerful bomb ever built by the USSR Code-name: "Tsar Bomba" (50 mt) 1,400 times the combined power of the two nuclear explosives used in World War II (Little Boy (13â&#x20AC;&#x201C;18 kt) and Fat Man (21 kt))

110

"We have discovered the most terrible bomb in the history of the world. It may be the fire destruction prophesied in the Valley Era, after Noah and his fabulous." 111 - Harry Truman, writing about the atomic bomb in his diary

Chapter 4:

The Era of Accidents

"Responsibility is the price of freedom." - Elbert Hubbard

112

Recommended Study Materials: Nuclear Accidents and Disasters, a book by James A. Mahaffey (2011); Atomic Awakening: A New Look at the History and Future of Nuclear Power, a book by James Mahaffey (2010); B-52 Crash at Palomares, film (1966); Deadly Secret — the story of Mayak, Russia, film; Nuclear Rescue 911 Broken Arrows & Incidents, a documentary by Peter Kuran (2001); The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices, documentary.

All right, the bombs went off, the Earth was contaminated and cancer epidemics are on the rise! What’s next? After contaminating the Northern Hemisphere, the USA and the Soviet Union realized how bad things really were and agreeded that they would stop making a nuclear war. They signed a treaty in 1968 – probably because there already were places on the Earth which were already uninhabitable for the next thousands of years. This kiddish activity of blowing up the earth just stopped making sense after realizing its impact: that one has the ability to dig craters the size of lakes, to erase islands from the map, and so on… But we are not done yet with radiation! Instead of building nuclear weapons, the rich guys began thinking how to produce energy out of a nuclear reaction.

113

"A century of almost total war now ends with nothing settled, political alignments in disarray and no movement toward a peaceful future that might involve environmental restoration, human rights, sustainable development. In the United States, an entirely new generation of weapons is under way. Nevertheless, there are encouraging efforts to heal the wounds in the heart of the world. Fraught within the frame of nuclear experiments, purposeful nuclear explosions and countless nuclear accidents, many unreported and still secret, the cold war did not need to turn hot to leave a trail of ruin, devastation and tears. The most enduring legacy of all these decades of expensive military madness may will be a planetary epidemic of immune deficiency diseases...I saw a child from Rongelap. Its feet are like clubs. And another child whose hands are like nothing at all. It is mentally retarded. Some of the children suffer growth retardation. Now we have this problem, what we call "jellyfish babies". These babies are born like jellyfish... They have no heads. They have no arms... They do not shape like humanbeings at all. But they are being born on the labour table... Some of them have hairs on them. And they breathe. This ugly thing only lives for a few hours... They do not allow the mother to see this kind of baby because she will go crazy." Read Dr. Rosalie Bertell or Glenn Alcalay or Lenora Foerstel on the impact of radiation on the people of the South Pacific. Those fifties experiments had extreme results. From Zohl de Ishtar’s "Daughters of the Pacific", published in "Australia: Cold War Fallout" (Cook) 26, "The Enemy Within" (Gould), "The Light Party" 27 28 39

Who runs the world? Here is the answer: FACT #1: Those who control energy, control the world. According to Dr. Jay Gould’s book The Enemy Within it is the British Royal family that privately owns investments in uranium holdings worth over $6 billion in Rio Tinto Mines. FACT #2: Those who run the media, control the world. A large percentage of what is published by news outlets over the world is only derived from 2 main sources: Reuters and The Associated Press. According to Eustice Mullins’s book "Who Owns the TV Networks" – it is The House of Rothschild. They bought the Reuters news service in the 1800’s and Reuters bought the Associated Press in the last 20 years. FACT #3: Those who run medicine, run the world. From the medical cartels’ perspective, the Rockefellers monopolized the American medicine in the 1920’s. Along with I. G. Farben, Germany’s leading industrial organization, they held the monopoly of the world’s chemical and pharmaceutical industries. This is the place where the Rockefellers found their inspiration, because later they started selling CHEMOTHERAPY and RADIATION to hospitals in the U.S. and later around the world. (More information about this topic can be found in my upcoming volume – The Education of Cancer Healing: Specialists.) The Bottom Line: All right, let’s make some things clear! Whoever runs the show, one thing is certain! Controlling the uncontrollable does not sound like a good idea to me! We are dealing with an EXTREMELY DANGEROUS, lethal, but very profitable way of controlling the world and making money! At what price…?

114

During this period people came to an idea of producing electricity by means of nuclear energy. The first nuclear power plant was made in the USSR in 1954. Soon, the United States followed. Later, nuclear energy became the dominant energy supply and governments began building nuclear factories around the globe. This fatal mistake brought the mankind into a new era of suffering caused by nuclear energy, but this time it was due to nuclear accidents and even nasty screw-ups with wide health consequences, worse than the nuclear bombs themselves… According to the media, the power plants are considered safe. Is it so? Well, let’s take a quick retrospective look at the nuclear accidents and disasters which the energy industry allowed to happen. If the media were telling you about every each and every accident that has really happened so far, you would not have a list of nuclear accidents from 2009-2011 in Appendix of this book, which includes more than just one highlight of 2011 – the Fukishima Daiichi power plant tragedy. The list of accidents in this book is just a sample. The full calendar of nuclear accidents consists of several hundreds of nuclear incidents and disasters. A full list can be obtained from my personal website: www.havasilifebuilding.com.

115

"There is a danger greater than nuclear weapons concealed within nuclear power. No citizen of any country can be assured that he or she can be protected from radioactive contamination. One nuclear reactor can pollute half the globe. Chernobyl fallout covers the entire Northern Hemisphere." - "Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment" (Yablokov)1

The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale Before we start, let’s talk briefly about the classification of nuclear accidents. The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) is used to describe the level of severity of a man-made disaster. It works on a similar principle as the comparative magnitude of earthquakes. Explained very simply, every increased level is approximately ten times worse than the previous. The full list of nuclear accidents can be found on the Internet. The ones you can find below are just a selection.2 Level 7: Major accident 2 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (Japan) – 2011 Chernobyl disaster (Ukraine) – 1984 Level 6: Serious accident 2 Kyshtym disaster (The Soviet Union) – 1957 Level 5: Accident with wider consequences 2 Windscale fire (United Kingdom) – 1957 Three Mile Island accident (USA) – 1979 First Chalk River accident, Ontario (Canada) – 1952 Lucens partial core meltdown (Switzerland) – 1969 Goiânia accident (Brazil) – 1952 Level 4: Accident with local consequences 2 Sellafield (United Kingdom) – five incidents 1955 to 1979 SL-1 Experimental Power Station (USA) – 1961 Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Plant (France) – 1969 Buenos Aires (Argentina) – 1983 Jaslovské Bohunice (Czechoslovakia) – 1977 Tokaimura nuclear accident (Japan) – 1999 Level 3: Serious incident 2

THORP plant Sellafield (United Kingdom) – 2005. Paks Nuclear Power Plant (Hungary) – 2003 Vandellos Nuclear Power Plant (Spain) – 1989 Level 2: Incident Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood (France) – 1999 Ascó Nuclear Power Plant (Spain) – 2008 Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant (Sweden) – 2006 Level 1: Anomaly 2 Gravelines (Nord, France) – 2009 TNPC (Drôme, France) – 2008 Level 0: Deviation2 Atucha, Argentina – 2006 Fire in Nuclear Waste Volume Reduction Facilities – 2006 Out of scale2 Uranium Oxide Fuel Plant at the Nuclear Fuel Complex in Hyderabad, India H.B. Robinson (USA), a tornado sighting within the protected area – 1999

116

Chapter 5:

Radiation Screw-Ups

"Most people do not really want freedom, because freedom involves responsibility, and most people are frightened of responsibility." - Sigmund Freud

117

Recommended Literature: Silent Storm, documentary film; Simi Valley Nuclear Disaster, documentary; The Day after Trinity: J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb by Jon H. Else (1980); K-19: The Widowmaker, film (2002); The Mushroom Club, a film by Steven Okazaki (2005); Kursk: A Submarine in Troubled Waters, film (2004), Radio Bikini, a documentary by Robert Stone (1988); American Experience: Meltdown at Three Mile, documentary, PBS (1999).

1904 – Menlo Park, New Jersey In 1896 nuclear scientist Clarence Madison Dally was testing X-ray tubes with bare hands. That was all but not a good idea! One of the experiments led to irradiation of both of his arms, which were cut off due to malignant skin cancer which developed within 2 years after the contamination. Cutting the hands off doesn’t sound like healing cancer to me! The orthodox procedure – not too much surprise – didn’t really work out as expected: the scientist died anyway... Impact: We have the first person known to die from the X-ray exposure. In 1903, due to this accident, Edison STOPPED his research on high energy ionizing radiation, and refused to patent fluoroscope to prevent from further cancers. Edison was not probably happy about watching his fellow colleague writing his last will handless with a pencil in his mouth before he died in pain. Since this event, Edison refused to work with this type of energy. 1945 – Los Alamos Omega site, Hanford Los Alamos was a place to make nuclear weapons and nuclear waste wasn’t a problem... At least during the WW2. The water from the river there was used to cool the reactors, which expelled radioactive particles. In 1947 the officials built 170 gigantic concrete tanks for storing the most dangerous radioactive waste. Impact: The bed of Columbia River contains radioactive sediment nobody knows how to remove, as it continues contaminating the water. In the 1980’s engineers found out that 60 of the concrete tanks were leaking, reaching the ground water. Today 200 million liters (118

40 million gallons) of highly radioactive gunge are still leaking into the environment every day. Cover-up: Hanford was a secret place covered by the Manhattan Project for a great number of years. No one knew how many escapes, fires, or problems happened in that area. The authorities of Hanford allowed families to enjoy the river near the plant, which, obviously, resulted in a massive rise of cancer rates in the upcoming years. Today, after more than 60 years, the lake still remains radioactive. 1945 – Hiroshima & Nagasaki The U.S. military supported by the U.S. government dropped two atomic bombs on the two Japanese cities in order to test the radiation health impact on their people. No, the bombs were not dropped to stop the war, but to test ionizing radiation. You were lied to again! Impact: The detonation completely wiped out the 2 cities, slowly killing 90,000–166,000 in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki of dehumanizing radiation sickness. The release of radionuclides into the environment, followed by an increase of cancer rates, mutated babies and much more! Health consequences remain until today. Cover-up: A classified operation. A monster cover-up. Newspaper photographs of victims were non-existent.

119

1952 – Chalk River (INES 5) A classic "scene from the Simpsons": a reactor shutoff rod failure in combination with the operator’s errors. 4,000 cubic meters of radioactive fluid had to be disposed. The U.S. Navy was brought to clean up the mess. Impact: A 600-men crew was badly contaminated with this invisible killer. They all faced consequences, which included heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and other newage ailments. The release of radionuclides into the environment, followed by an increase of cancer rates, heart attacks, Glaucoma, and other 10,000 degenerative diseases. Consequences remain until today. Cover-up: What the eye doesn’t see, the heart doesn’t grieve over. Again, this was a classified accident! The officials of the organization Atomic Energy of Canada attempted to keep it secret from the media, the public, and the federal government, too. 1954 – Bikini Atoll During the nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll, a 23-men crew of a Japanese fishing boat had a rough day by witnessing a glorious 15 MT detonation (15 million tons of TNT), which took place 140 km away. By the end of the day, they were all hospitalized. The crew died of kidney failure on the second day. But that’s not all. During the nuclear tests the soldiers were used as guinea pigs to test the health effects of radiation. Impact: Many soldiers died of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the upcoming years. Some of them ended up grossly mutated. What followed was a slow and painful death. These soldiers were NOT informed about the radiation. Cover-up: A classified operation. None of the soldiers was informed about the ionizing radiation health impact. Except from the highest ranks, nobody knew anything at all about the matter. What a sad picture!

120

1945-1962 – Atmospheric Nuclear Testing During this period, the United States and the Soviet Union fired more than two thousand nuclear bombs. Other major world countries followed. Impact: Firing up 2000 warheads led to global contamination of the entire Northern Hemisphere and became one of the major contributors to carcinogenesis and cardiovascular epidemics. Cover-up: The atmospheric tests were super-classified operations! The public was NOT informed about the radioactive fallout coming from the atmospheric testing. At some stage the military began firing up the missiles underground. For that purpose, they chose a thousand year old sacred place of Mohave tribes, which soon turned into a radioactive wasteland. Some nuclear tests were even called after Mohave medicine men! Mohave Chaparral, a medicinal herb which showed radiation protection and cancer healing properties – actually the only herb that survived the nuclear tests – was banned in the U.S. This is another piece to the puzzle which may lead to the opinion that cancer epidemics is a 20th century PRE-DESIGNED DISEASE! 1957 - Windscale Pile (INES 5) Windscale Pile has been the worst nuclear accident in the British history. Due to poorly placed temperature sensors, the technicians mistakenly overheated the reactor pile since the sensors indicated the reactors were cooling down instead of heating up. The release of radioactive material into the environment was followed by a fire in the reactor core. Impact: The high release of radionuclides into the environment, causing severe contamination of a wide area of land. This event was followed by an increase of cancer rates and genetic diseases. Consequences remain until today. Cover-up: A classified accident. The government records altered into a cover-up. 121

1957 – Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk (INES 6) The nuclear site of Mayak is a place where the Soviet army produced their atomic weapons – something like Hanford’s twin. The accident happened after an explosion, which was followed by irradiation of the entire area. The plant extravasated an incredible amount of nuclear waste to the underground water. The death toll statistics caused by this event were close to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986! Impact: Over 15,000 square km of contaminated soil, and more than 270,000 contaminated people. The Soviet Union was forced to evacuate about 10,000 people in the most affected areas. Cancer rates jumped up dramatically in the contaminated places and people continue suffering monstrous genetic diseases even today. A wide range of contaminated area remains nasty radioactive for the decades to come. You definitely don’t want to raise your children in that area! Cover-up: Details about the explosion are rare. The event was covered by the Soviet secret service and the Soviet nuclear industry. Mayak was off the map for a long time and it was given various code names. Illegal footage show huge plutonium plants, which dumped waste into a lake transformed into vast open air reservoirs. Lake Karachay is now so dangerous that the authorities decided to fill it with soil. The Karachay Sea is one of the planet’s most radioactive locations. The biggest problem is that these lakes seep into the environment and contaminate the main waterway, the Techa River. Lately, the Techa River has been heavily contaminated with the most toxic isotopes plutonium-239 and plutonium240! Heavy contaminated places like the village of Tatarskaia, one of the many contaminated villages, remain inhabited by people and these people serve as guinea pigs for Russian laboratories and institutes. The activities in Mayak remain top secret.

122

1956 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Nuclear Test, Monte Bello Islands After the largest atomic test device was launched by the Great Britain, the winds unexpectedly changed their direction. Instead of sending the fallout out to the sea, the diabolic plume went unpredictably right across the northern half of Australia. A technician on the other side of the continent measured extremely high amounts of radiation in the rain. Impact: The iodine levels in animal thyroid were up to 4,000 times higher than expected. The fallout area was enormous, ranging from central Australia to the north- east coast of the continent. This event was followed by a massive increase of thyroid cancer rates and many other genetic diseases. Health consequences remain until today. Cover-up: A classified accident. An official secrets act was set up. The radioactive rain was hidden by the officials. From 1957 to 1978, scientists removed in secret bone samples from over 21,000 dead Australians, as they were searching for evidence of the deadly poison, the radioactive isotope strontium-90, a by-product of nuclear testing. 1958 - Rabat, Morocco A military aircraft B52 holding nuclear weapons crashed at the U.S. air force base. Impact: Severe contamination of a wide area, including vehicles, aircrafts, and the personnel. Cover-up: A classified accident. A political cover-up: the Moroccan officials were not notified. 1958 - Greenham Common, England A B-47E type aircraft was forced to jettison its 1,700 gallon fuel tanks straight after the take-off. It missed its safe impact area and hit a parked

123

aircraft carrying a 1,1MT (-1,1million tons of TNT) thermonuclear free fall bomb. The fire detonated the nuclear weapon and caused a huge fire. Impact: Contamination of a wide area with uranium and plutonium, which remains radioactive until today. The release of radionuclides into the environment contaminated the soldiers cleaning up the contaminated area. They became the victims of ionizing radiation and their health impact showed itself in the following years. Cover-up: A classified accident, the so-called "Broken Arrow", covered-up by the UK officials. 1958 - Chalk River, Ontario Somebody forgot to turn on the cooling system, which led to a melted uranium rod that caught fire. The radiation leaked out, which caused contamination of the entire reactor and its surroundings. This was a major man-made screw-up with huge consequences. Impact: Contamination of a wide area with uranium and plutonium isotopes, which are the main contributors to cancer epidemics. Cover-up: 600 of the personnel involved in the clean-up were not informed about the consequences of radiation contamination. Officially, the health impact remains unknown. It is, however, pretty sure to predict that their health went down the cancer road. 1961 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; K19 Submarine This was a very nasty accident! During exercises in the North Atlantic the K19 submarine developed a major leak in its reactor coolant system. That leak lead to uncontrolled overheating of the reactor, almost to the melting point. The crew worked in high-radiation areas to implement a new coolant system by cutting off the air 124

vent valve and welding a water-supplying pipe into it. The released radioactive steam, containing fission products, was drawn into the ventilation system and spread to other sections of the ship. Impact: Some members were badly poisoned by radiation. The entire crew received a high degree of radiation poisoning. They were later treated for radiation sickness, which included bone marrow transplantation and blood transfusion. Those who implemented a new coolant system died within weeks. Cover-up: A government cover-up. The official diagnosis was not "Radiation Sickness", but "Astheno-Vegetative Syndrome". 1061 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Goldsboro, North Carolina An American B-52 bomber carrying 39 nuclear weapons onboard ran out of fuel and crashed into the tobacco and cotton fields. Impact: Wide areas of soil contaminated. Cover-up: A classified accident. The Air Force purchased the land to prevent from interference with the nuclear remnants. 1964 - Bunker Hill Air Force Base, USA A military aircraft B-58 carrying a nuclear bomb caught fire together with its nuclear load and caused severe contamination of a wide area. Impact: Even after the clean-up, the area is still contaminated. Consequences remain until today. Cover-up: A classified accident. Media failed to inform the public about the health impact of the nuclear fallout.

125

1966 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Almeria Coast, Palomares, Spain A refueling maneuver of the flying bomber B-52 went wrong, which caused that both the aircraft and the tanker plane crashed. The B-52 aircraft was carrying hydrogen bombs, which fell out of the plane. Impact: Even after the clean-up, the area is still contaminated. Health consequences, including cancer epidemics, remain until today. Palomares will never be the same like before. Cover-up: A classified accident. The American and Spanish officials had known about buried debris and excessive plutonium for at least ten years before the information was exposed in the press. 1968 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Thule, Greenland A United States Air Force B-52 bomber carrying several hydrogen bombs caught fire. The cabin fire forced the crew to abandon the aircraft before they could carry out an emergency landing at Thule Air Base. Impact: Three of the four bombs carried by the plane smashed onto the ice and broke into tiny fragments. 1 kilogram of plutonium straddled on the seabed, seeping into the marine environment over the years. Long-term damage to the environment and to the health of individuals. Cover-up: A classified accident. Local residents say that they have been left to live with the consequences.

126

1977 – Jaslovské Bohunice, the then Czechoslovakia, now Slovakia (INES 4) Some workers forgot to remove moisture-absorbing materials from the fuel rod in the fuel assembly. A man-made error caused fuel damage and a radiation release into the environment. Impact: The release of radionuclides into the environment, followed by an increase of cancer rates, unborn or mutated babies, and other >10,000 degenerative diseases. Cover-up: A classified accident. Local residents say that they have been left to live with the consequences. 1979 – Three Mile Island, the USA (INES 5) The loss of coolant and a partial core meltdown caused by workers’ mistakes and equipment failures caused a severe damage to the reactor. The reactor released a huge amount of radiation into the environment, causing irradiation around the power plant, including near-living citizens. Impact: The release of radionuclides into the environment, followed by an increase of cancer rates and more than 10,000 different degenerative diseases. True health consequences remain unknown until today. Cover-up: The LARGEST cover-up of an industrial accident in the history of the USA. 1980 – Saint Orléans, France (INES 4) Ruptured fuel bundles caused a release of radiation into the power plant. Impact: The release of radionuclides into the environment. Health consequences remain covered-up and forgotten.

127

1986 – Chernobyl, Ukraine, the then USSR (INES 7) A man-made screw-up caused severe irradiation of Europe and the Northern Hemisphere. Widespread health and environmental effects. An external release of a significant fraction of the reactor core inventory. Impact: This was a massive screw-up! Contamination on a global scale. Millions were irradiated, hundreds of thousands died of cancer. Even 25 years later, the area is still contaminated and cancer statistics are growing! Cover-up: The biggest cover-up in the history of mankind. A new study shows more than 1,000,000 deaths caused by radiation. Over 40% of Europe is contaminated, resulting in cancer and cardiovascular epidemics. 1986 – Hamm-Uentrop, the then West Germany (INES 3-5) Damaged fuel cladding led to a release of radiation, which was detectable about 2 km away from the facility. Impact: This accident was another contributor to cancer and cardiovascular epidemics. 1993 – Tomsk, Russia (INES 4) This was a tragedy similar to the Chernobyl accident, leading to a massive release of radiation around the globe and contaminating more than 20 km radius around the facility. Impact: This was another contributor to the health impact, including cancer epidemics. Cover-up: A classified accident. Local residents say that they have been left to live with their health consequences.

128

2011 - La Hague, France The La Hague reprocessing plant is the same type of reprocessing plants as Mayak and Hanford. According to the international treaty it is forbidden to dump radioactive waste into the sea by rejection pipes. However, this only applies to ships. Today, the major reprocessing plants themselves have such pipe and therefore are legally allowed to deposit tons of radioactive waste by the pipe straight into the sea due to a dysfunctional international treaty. Impact: Through this pipe 33 million 200-liter barrels of nuclear waste run every year and they are dumped into the sea. For instance, the pipe at La Hague discharges 400m 3 of radioactive waste daily. Thanks to this, we can measure radioactive isotopes in Germany as well as in the Arctic. 2000 – World’s Ocean Contamination Exposed The Greenpeace Organization examined the environment since nuclear waste has been dumped into the ocean by the nuclear industry for decades. They found parts of the seabed littered with gutted radioactive barrels. The nuclear industry from all around the world has disposed more than 100,000 tons of radioactive waste into the ocean and rivers around the world. Impact: A massive intercontinental cover-up. Contamination of the entire food chain with radionuclides, resulting in today’s cancer epidemic. The global release of radionuclides into the environment, followed by an increase of cancer rates, unborn or mutated babies, and other 10,000 degenerative diseases. Global contamination of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in today’s cancer epidemics. Cover-up: The health impact was covered up and media have done no follow-up.

129

2005 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sellafield (INES 3) A combination of 160 kg of extremely toxic plutonium and 20 metric tons of uranium dissolved in 83 tons of nitric acid leaked from a cracked pipe into the environment. Impact: The release of radionuclides into the environment, followed by an increase of cancer rates in the affected area. Health consequences remain for the generations to come. Cover-up: The officials plotted a Sellafield cover-up. Secret documents only come to light as a result of the persistent pressure from a member of Nuclear Waste Advisory Associates. 2005-2009 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Fallujah, Iraq Usage of weapons containing depleted uranium. Impact: Gross deformities, 38 times higher rates of leukemia, 10 times higher rates of breast cancer, and a 5 times higher infant mortality rate. A wide range of birth defects, and unusual gender disparity by newborns of 860 boys per 1,000 girls. Cover-Up: The U.S. blocked any accountability at the national and international levels.

130

2011 – Fukushima, Japan (- 80x Chernobyl Disasters) Due to a natural disaster it came to a shutdown of four reactors. The failure of emergency cooling caused several explosions. A complete melt-down in the power plant, more than 50 miles radius contaminated. Impact: THE ULTIMATE ACCIDENT! There is enough radiation to build 2,000 nuclear warheads (500 ktons per warhead). This amount of radiation is slowly seeping into the soil, and out to the sea. We are dealing with 2,000 bombs sitting in 4 ruins. This has been THE BIGGEST disaster of all times. Cancer has already spread into children’s thyroids. Contamination reaches the capital of Japan. The air, the water, and the food-chain are already contaminated. Millions of Japanese citizens are suffering. The entire Pacific Ocean is contaminated, and the radiation is slowly reaching the West Coast of the USA. Cover-up: The biggest cover-up in the history of mankind. A secret document was released, showing that the authorities should have evacuated the area within 250 km, including Tokyo residents. Instead of that, they kept the document secret for 10 months, and kept the Japanese uninformed. The authorities failed to evacuate 35 million residents, and stuck to a 20 km evacuation zone. 2011 – Global Fukushima Fallout After the explosions, the radioactive cloud reached the USA and Europe, and contaminated the entire Northern Hemisphere. The US President, together with other world authorities and media, downplayed the risks of the radiation fallout. The US monitoring stations were turned off after the disaster. Impact: The infant death rate spiked in the Northern US to more than 35%. Cover-up: The American as well as world media have done no follow-up.

131

Chapter 6:

Lesson of Chernobyl

"Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity." - Martin Luther King, Jr. 132

Recommended Study Materials: Into Eternity by Michael Madsen (2010), The Legacy of Chernobyl, a book by Zhores Medvedev (1992); Chernobyl: Confessions of a Reporter, a book by Igor Kostin (2006); Voices from Chernobyl: The Oral History of a Nuclear Disaster,a book by Svetlana Alexievich (2006); The Battle of Chernobyl Documentary (2006), Chernobyl: The Day After, documentary; The Children Beyond Chernobyl RTE (2008).

Let me explain you the difference between a nuclear bomb explosion and Nikolai Fomin, the chief engineer of a nuclear plant disaster. Both are Chernobyl, gave the powered by "nuclear fuel". The amount orders before he went home. He was of fuel normally equals to the strength sleeping while the of a detonation. For instance the atomic accident happened. Sentenced to ten bomb "Little Boy", which was dropped years, released due to 1 on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, a mental breakdown. contained 64kg (-140lbs) of uranium and 6kg (-13lbs) of plutonium. When a bomb explodes, it consumes this "fuel", and releases the entire energy at once, causing a massive destruction. In the case of "Little Boy" it was the city of Hiroshima in Japan that was damaged. In comparison, a nuclear power plant holds much more "fuel", and in case of an accident the fuel doesn’t "consume" entirely. On the contrary, it also releases its energy in the future, which may be hundreds of years to come. What I also want you to understand is that during a nuclear attack you can see the blast with its shockwave and 133

Anatoly Stepanovich Dyatlov (March 3, 1931 – December 13, 1995), one of top nuclear engineers in the USSR. He was the supervisor of the fatal experiment which resulted in the Chernobyl disaster. Responsible for the accident, he was sentenced to ten years in prison. He was released in five years. He died of heart failure in 1995.2

Leonid Toptunov, a young senior control engineer. His responsibility was to control the power in the reactor. He died three weeks after the accident.3

Aleksandr Fyodorovich Akimov (6 May 1953 – 11 May 1986) the captain of the shift. He died three weeks after the accident 4, 5

demolition effects, but during a nuclear power plant disaster YOU DON’T. The environmental impact is not visible; the radiation particles, however, are as lethal as after a nuclear bomb. The difference is that the particles remain hidden for the years to come. All you can do is pray for a major catastrophe not to happen because when facing a nuclear power plant disaster, you face the God of Underworld, spreading death! But since we live in a REAL WORLD, nuclear accidents REALLY DO HAPPEN, and once a decade an evil global bad-ass disaster strikes! The story of Chernobyl began on the 26th of April, 1986 at the V. I. Lenin Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, where it came to a tragic event, known to be the worst possible nuclear disaster in the 20th century. Unfortunately, once it happened it can’t be reversed. For the purpose of this book, I will omit details about the cause of this catastrophe, but let me say something in a nutshell. The insane management was giving and insane technicians were following orders which heavily ignored safety measures during a new voltage regulator experiment. It didn’t work out as expected, and that night an event happened that never happened before. That was the night when the Devil was released, turning the world into a nightmare and suffering. 134

(…) outside Unit 4, burning lumps of material and sparks shot into the air above the reactor. Some of them fell on to the roof of the machine hall and started a fire. About 25 percent of the red-hot graphite blocks and overheated material from the fuel channels was ejected (…). Parts of the graphite blocks and fuel channels were out of the reactor building (…). As a result of the damage to the building an air flow through the core was established by the high temperature of the core. The air ignited the hot graphite and started a graphite fire." Source: Medvedev, Zhores A. (1990), Davletbaev (1995). 6, 7, 1

"There were a lot of colors and they were really bright, orange, red, sky blue, colors like blood, a rainbow. It was beautiful." Youri Korneev, Machine Operator. 8

"We arrived there at 10 or 15 minutes to two in the morning... We saw graphite scattered about. Misha asked, "Is that graphite?" I kicked it away. But one of the fighters on the other truck picked it up. "It’s hot," he said. The pieces of graphite were of different sizes, some big, some small, enough to pick them up (...). We didn’t know much about radiation. Even those who worked there had no idea. There was no water left in the trucks. Misha filled a cistern and we aimed the water at the top. Then those boys who died went up to the roof —Vashchik, Kolya and others, and Volodya Pravik (...). They went up the ladder (...) and I never saw them again.@ Shcherbak, Y (1987). Chernobyl. 9, 10

The reactor unit No. 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (which was close to the town of Pripyat, Ukraine (former USSR)), running on uranium fuel, overheated and melted – ironically, during a SAFETY systems test. The safety system test went out of control and caused an extremely high pressure of steam in the reactor. A massive explosion blew off the reactor’s upper plate made of 2,000 tons of steel and concrete (- 4,000,000 lbs), to which the entire reactor was fastened. This made the remaining steam escape and the rods run dry. A much more violent explosion followed, ripping the building in half and leaving an ugly looking building skeleton opened wide. The blast released several tons of radioactive material around the plant in an instant. An ultra-powerful fire and vapor stream began spewing tons of hot particles out of the nuclear fuel and lethal fission by-products shooting thousand of meters high in the sky. That night, residents living around the plant witnessed this colorful hellish spectacle with their own eyes. There was something about that night. Something unusual. For some reason I got dressed up. The weather was remarkable. Very warm for spring. I went off to work in a terrific mood. But my wife said that all night our son Kiril was crying. She didn’t sleep a wink. Sasha Juvtjenko, plant worker who miraculously survived the accident. Disaster at Chernobyl Documentary. 11 135

"There was a metallic taste in their mouth and acidity. They say that radiation has no taste. It is just later we realized it was the taste of radioactive iodine. Boulevard Lenin: 200 milliroentgens, Boulevard Ukraine: 250 miliroentgens. At that night: 7 roentgens. My subordinates started to wonder if the machines were working properly or someone was lying to us. We did not know if the reactor was still burning and the radiation was still spreading. This map is sealed in plastic because it’s still radioactive. There are first readings that were recorded on this map. 2080 roentgens, I was worried about my subordinates, how could I send them in there!?" Vladimir Grebeniuk, Colonel – Civil Defense describing the measurements first day after the disaster. True battle of Chernobyl documentary. 8

The Chernobyl reactor No. 4 was holding 180 tons of uranium fuel during the accident. The explosion shot 120 tons of red hot nuclear fuel and more than 100 tons of the reactor graphite in the air. Approximately 50 tons of uranium fuel (10 x Hiroshima) were evaporated into finely dispersed particles more than 30,000 feet high, reaching the space where airliners conventionally fly. They were slowly heading towards Sweden. In the upcoming months, the cloud reached the heart of Europe and eventually contaminated the entire Northern Hemisphere. Comparing these particles to particles released from an atomic bomb, there were the same highly radioactive particles of strontium-90, caesium-137, plutonium-239, iodine-131, neptunium-139, and many others. From the total mass, about 70 tons of radioactive graphite were ejected by the explosion and blown around the plant. These 70 tons were later collected (sometimes with bare hands), buried and covered with concrete to minimize the exposure.

136

"I had 15 skin growth operations the first year. The burns didn’t show themselves at once. They came out here in Moscow, at the hospital (…). When I was in the recovery unit, my skin was all black. When they pulled back my sheets, my skin peeled off like a Zerox powder. Of course, I have to be careful now." Sasha Juvtjenko, plant worker who miraculously survived the accident. Disaster at Chernobyl Documentary. 12

"When we started dumping lead in, the temperature went down right away. It absorbed well and sealed the hole as it melted, so there was less radiation. It’s highly criticized today, but given the situation there was no better solution And all the people, military or civilians, officers or not, worked selflessly. I participated in this first stage and I can tell you it had to be done. It was heroism." - Nikolai Antochkin, the General of the USSR Air Force. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8

50 tons of the nuclear fuel with 800 tons of the reactorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s graphite remained in the reactor vault, which burned through the bottom of the reactor core, forming a pit in the shape of a volcanic crater. Valeri Legasov, the As the massive amount of the head of the state fuel carried by the reactor was commission investigating the 100 times greater than the accident. It was this combined power of the two committde which left atomic bombs dropped on both the government Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the and the inhabitants 1 unaware. environmental impact reached a catastrophe of planetary dimensions. Clouds of dust quickly invaded the control room, and a unique metallic taste which the workers tasted was in fact the stench of their own upcoming slow death...1, 3, 8, 11 Few hours later, the first firemen began shooting the fire with water, but even after putting tons of water they werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t able to stop the reactor core from burning. Two workers died straight away, followed by 28 firemen battling the fire (without any protective gear). Another

137

"Former Soviet Premier Gorbachev said that even the top decision-makers in the USSR could not make sense of what happened at Chernobyl." - Kremlin.ru. 13 "If the heat managed to crack the cement slab, only 1,400 kg of Uranium and graphite mixture would have been needed to hit the water to set off a new explosion. Our experts studied the possibility and concluded that the explosion would have had a force of 35 megatons. Minsk, which is 320 km from Chernobyl, would have been raised and Europe rendered and inhabitable. We had to stop the process." - Fascili Mesterenko, one of the nuclear top experts who was called into action to evaluate the situation. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8

200 other employees died within weeks to months of acute radiation sickness. The 130,000 metric tons of 3,600F ignited a "strange fire", which burned for a week. The town of Pripyat, situated next to the power plant, remained unnoticed. The Soviet authorities were covering up the disaster as long as possible. Nobody was prepared for such a crisis. The radiation on the following day was that high that it burned flashes onto films when taking aerial pictures. The majority of the uninformed citizens received a deadly dose of radiation the next day. Two days later, the officials began evacuating the citizens of Pripyat. However, the entire accident was kept top secret for as long as possible. About a week later The May Day celebrations were supposed to be celebrated. These celebrations were not cancelled; the authorities even encouraged the people to participate – also in those areas which were known to be seriously contaminated with radiation readings several thousand times higher than normal. Simply speaking, the people were kept in the dark. Leaving the public uninformed led to a massive increase of cancer rates, cancer deaths, heart diseases, children deformities, and other gross health impacts of those who participated there. Some call it "A Parade of Death". 138

"We had to stop the process. If it continued, it would have been an enormous disaster. An enormous nuclear disaster. This second explosion would have been accompanied by a terrible shock wave and a massive rise in radioactivity that would have claimed thousands of lives in a matter of hours. Thank God it didn't happen. There were trains with over a thousand cars in Minsk, Gomel and Kiev, ready to evacuate the population. The situation was critical." - Mikhael Gorbachev, Fmr. First Secretary, USSR. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" ocumentary. 8 "Something needed to be done as quickly as possible to put out the fire and seal up the reactor and to be able to get closer enough to do other work. It also needed to be closed up to stop the radioactive dust from spreading. It was getting blown off by the wind. We really needed to act fast (…). The roof was caving in. And they were acting as if nothing was happening by going ahead with the Mayday Festivities. It was like to refuse to acknowledge the situation. That was the second phase of the huge Chernobyl Disaster." - Vladimir Grebeniuk, Colonel – Civil Defense describing, "True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8

It took several more weeks until the disaster was known outside the Soviet Union. Later on, the officials didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to take the responsibility for this event leading to the top contributor to cancer rates in Ukraine, Belarus, Europe, and in the whole Northern Hemisphere. The officials performed no studies related to the contamination during the May Day Festivals, and no pictures of this event were published or archived. It was a massive cover-up. It is highly probable that pictures of this "Parade of Death" disappeared from the national archives because all attendees developed cancer and heart disease. Now you can understand the main interest of the officials. The role of the chief shepherd is to keep the flock of sheep under control by any means necessary! The first secretary of the Communist party, Serbicky, took part in the celebrations, together with his own family. Serbicky committed suicide and the other authorities followed him shortly. During that time the suicide rate in affected areas increased dramatically.1, 3, 8, 11 Some people escaped to face the reality by committing suicide, but many people stood up and faced the problem â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and they fought heroically. The evacuation began 36 hours after the disaster. Late, but never too late! It took more than a week to evacuate 135,000 people. All of them were successfully relocated. The authorities informed them that they would return to their homes, but they never did. The 139

"I watched the Mayday in 1986 Festivities with my own eyes. I was there, and I witnessed it, the Parade of Death! It was a Parade of Death." Igor Kostin, photographer, "True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8 Shortly after evacuating the city of Pripyat, this warning message was broadcasted on the state TV Vremya on April 28, 1986 (21:00): "There has been an accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. One of the nuclear reactors was damaged. The effects of the accident are being remedied. Assistance has been provided for any affected people. An investigative commission has been set up." 15

evacuation took place in a 30 km (-18 miles) exclusion zone around the plant. This zone got frozen in time until today. The places were turned into creepy ghost towns. The first days after the disaster struck, the very first thing that needed to be done was to put the fire out – anyhow. The entire national fleet of eighty military helicopters was mobilized and sent from Moscow to fight the strange blaze. The top elite of the Russian pilots was sent from Afghanistan to maneuver the choppers close enough so that the other soldiers would throw sand bags on the top of the reactor. The soldiers were throwing almost everything to stop the fuel from burning. In total, they used over 6,000 tons (12,000,000lbs) of sand and boric acid (radiation absorbent) to fill the hole. No matter how much material was thrown on the reactor, the burning fuel continued to melt everything, even the sand (!), releasing incredible heat and radioactivity. Whatever the world’s best army attempted, nothing stopped the hell’s fire from being put out! Once the sand was deposited on the top of the reactor, the situation got even worse because the core’s temperatures began increasing. The rising temperature in the reactor was understood by scientists as an indicator of a further upcoming explosion... A TRUE NIGHTMARE.1, 3, 8, 11 The second problem was that there were rooms underneath the reactor filled with water from the fire-trucks which tried to extinguish the fire days before, and this presented an even more dangerous THREAT.

140

"Because of the fire, the temperature at that (200m) height was between 120 to 180Â°C. Our dosimeter, the instrument for measuring radiation, only went up to 500 roentgens. The needle was going crazy. It was completely off the scale. I think there were at least 1,000 roentgens set at the height of 200 meters." Nikolai Antochkin, General of the USSR Air Force. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary 8 "Each time they went they received five or six roentgens. If they were slow, it was even more. After throwing six, seven, eight bags they would drench in sweat from the heat. After a few missions my soldiers would go wash up and eat. After a while theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d started throwing up." Nikolai Antochkin, General of the USSR Air Force. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary 8

141

142

The facts say that the burning magma was seeping through the floors, slowly getting closer to the rooms filled with water. The top Russian scientists calculated that the contact of the burning magma with water could cause a much more devastating explosion, comparable to a gigantic atomic bomb, making the entire Europe UNINHABITABLE. This was an extremely critical situation, which required 3 divers to be sent to drain the water underneath the reactor’s core. It was a suicide mission. The divers knew about it, yet they made it all the way! Their success prevented from an apocalypse that would include all the other reactors at the Chernobyl site.1, 3, 8, 11 "The bubbler pool could be drained by opening its sluice gates. Volunteers in diving suits entered the radioactive water and managed to open the gates. These were the engineers Alexei Ananenko (who knew where the valves were) and Valeri Bezpalov, accompanied by a third man, Boris Baranov, who provided them with light from a lamp, though this lamp failed, leaving them to find the valves by feeling their way along a pipe. Despite their good condition after completion of the task, all of them suffered from radiation sickness, and at least two — Ananenko and Bezpalov— later died." Source: Wikipedia 1 143

"Something needed to be done as quickly as possible to put out the fire and seal up the reactor and to be able to get closer enough to do other work. It also needed to be closed up to stop the radioactive dust from spreading. It was getting blown off by the wind. We really needed to act fast (…). The entire country was mobilized. No bureaucratic formalities. If there was something we needed, we took it. We would worry about the cost later. We took whatever we needed. It was a front line situation." - Mikhael Gorbachev, Fmr. First Secretary – USSR. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary 8

"In 1 year 100 thousand soldiers and officers passed through Chernobyl. They were all reservists. They were summoned up by the top administrations in their cities and sent to the front (…). Five hundred thousand people! The troops in Chernobyl were bigger than the Poviets. But our army got contaminated." - Nikolai Tarakanov, General of Land Troops. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8

"It was worse than the war. Here you couldn’t see the enemy. In a war you see the canons the machine guns, the tanks. Here, you see nothing. The radiation is everywhere. It goes right through you. It gets into you and you only start feeling the effects later. Sometimes, years later. It’s terrifying!" - Igor Kostin photographer, "True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8

After the mission was accomplished, the officials proceeded with sealing the reactor from above more efficiently. The material of their best choice was lead. In two days the air-force released about 2,400 tons (4,800,000lbs) of lead into the reactor. Sealing the nuclear core with lead was a double-edged sword. The good part was that it both sealed and cooled down the reactor core. The bad part was that some of the lead melted, evaporated and was released into the environment, and that had a more negative impact on the environment and health of the people for many years to come. This operation required 600 pilots (the majority were in their 20â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s), who became fatally contaminated. Shortly most of these young men died of acute radiation syndrome, cancer or heart disease. Later, a group of scientists found out that the magma was seeping through the empty basin underneath the plant. There was a further risk that magma would escape into the environment, eventually reaching the underground water. If this happened, it would have contaminated drinking water throughout the entire Ukraine. The officials managed to solve the problem by digging out a room underneath the reactor core, and filling it out with concrete. This operation required 10,000 miners (the majority of the boys/fellows were in their 20â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s), who also became severely contaminated with radiation and suffered from radiation sickness. 144

"...There were no titles, no ministers, no generals or soldiers. No one was saying I am a general, do what I say. Everyone was honestly doing what they could. And so the operation named the liquidation of Chernobyl accident was set in motion. Special hunting squads were formed. They patrolled the countryside and the forest with rifles killing cats and dogs." - Igor Kostin, photographer, "True Battle of Chernobyl" 8 "Good evening, Comrades. The accident at the power plant in Chernobyl has rocked the Soviet people and raised concern around the world. This is the first time we have had to face such a danger â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the nuclear energy escaping human control. We are working 24 hours a day. All economic, technical and scientific forces have been mobilized throughout the country." - 18 days later, Prime Minister Mikhail Gorbachev addresses the true scope of the situation. "True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8 "Time on the roof varied from as short as 45 sec. to as long as 3 min depending on the current radiation level and place you have to work on. Sometimes, especially after helicopter's treatment (they have used special solutions to suppress the radiation/dust by dumping tons and tons of de-activating solution very early in the morning, before we start working there), levels were not as high, so you we were able to work a bit longer." - Sergei B. was a 30 year-old army reservist. 16

"We worked without any protective gear. The miners couldn’t use masks because the filters would get damp after a few minutes. So everyone just took them off and kept on working without them, with our shirts off, too. We drank water out of opened bottles, which was really bad because the radioactive particles were ingested right into our body." Vladimir Naumov, Miner from Taula. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" 8 "One of our comrades swallowed a grain of sand that was highly radioactive. He died. How could we know what each of us breathed or ingested." Andrei Nassonov, Miner from Toula 8 "The hardest thing was the lack of oxygen and the incredible heat. It was HOT, HOT, HOT!!! And we had to work really fast at a crazy pace, faster and faster. That was the hardest... The most dangerous places were not underground. There wasn’t as much radiation below the reactor. But as soon as we came up we had to run even faster. Someone had to go and do it. Us or someone else. We did our duty. Should we have done it? It’s too late to judge. I don’t regret anything." Vladimir Amelkov, Miner from Toula. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" Documentary 8

145

"We chopped asphalt which contained pieces of highly radioactive solids sunk into molten asphalt on the explosion day (the asphalt solidified over them after the initial fire was put down...) and tossed them down on the ground, over the roof edge. Last couple of raids I primarily guided my squad/troops, simply because my cumulative dose was already too high and I was not "allowed" to accumulate more than 1.5 Roentgen per trip... which was a travesty anyway." - Sergei B. was a 30 year-old army reservist who volunteered to go to Chernobyl in late July as a participant in clean-up operations. 16 "Everything was difficult. The work tempo was difficult; each day we were facing new tasks that had to be resolved somehow using all our experience. But empty towns and villages were the ones that made the most depressing impression on me." - Yury Saraev, a member of a cleanup crew, deployed to the disaster zone immediately after the blast, "True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary 8

It is estimated that 25% of these men died before reaching the age of 40. Some of them died within weeks, the others within years after the accident.1, 3, 8, 11 Over 600,000 people were brought into Chernobyl to clean up the radioactivity. Beside the government officials and nuclear specialists, there were over 100,000 troops and 400,000 civilians â&#x20AC;&#x201C; predominantly workers, officers, technicians, scientists, engineers, doctors, and nurses â&#x20AC;&#x201C; who passed through Chernobyl. Simply speaking, the government brought every available working unit. The biggest operation throughout the Chernobyl Disaster was to clean up radioactivity in affected areas around Chernobyl. In connection to Chernobyl, you need to know that after the explosion, the nuclear power plant and the surrounding villages were covered in radioactive dust. This "dust" needed to be either removed or stabilized. Layers of the radioactive dust were cleaned off with high pressure water guns, house by house. Some cottages were demolished, and the ruins buried underground. The liquidators worked under hard conditions. Some of the 350,000 people involved in the initial clean-up received average total body radiation doses of 100 millisieverts mSv.

146

"Liquidator #5 has had many health problems since 1986. In his own words, his "organism" is destroyed. He has ulcers, big problems with the vessels in his legs and head, hypertension, and so on. He thinks that his irradiated dose caused his health problems because he was healthy before the Chernobyl accident. He cannot even estimate the help that the government has given him, because it is so low. Knowing what he knows now, he would go to Chernobyl again. This is because the health of his children and his family must come first; his own health comes second in such a situation." SKWALLACE, Durham, NC, senior at Duke University, United States. 17

For your information, 1 millisievert is a unit equal to about 10 general chest X-rays. 100 mSv equal to over 1,000 chest rays. This is a lot of radiation in comparison to the average radiation which can be found in the nature, called "background" radiation, which is only 2.4 mSv annually. While the liquidators were cleaning up the fallout debris, the affected area, including the liquidators themselves, was sprayed by combat helicopters, using a dark sticky fluid known as "Bourda", meaning molasses. As Bourda was sticky, it was preventing the radioactive dust from being air-borne. Other workers participated in dams, water filtration, and waste repositories. In the meanwhile, a massive operation involving the most dangerous missions in the plant was set in motion. 3,000 tons (-15,000,000lbs) of highly contaminated earth with radioactive debris around the plant were thrown into high ditches and covered by a thick layer of concrete. Special equipment from Russia, West Germany, and Japan was brought to clean up the highly radioactive debris, exploding from the reactor core. The levels of radiation were so high that the robots couldn’t cope with them and everything malfunctioned after a short time.

147

"Infant mortality is 300% higher in Belarus than the rest of Europe." - "Chernobyl Heart", an EmmyAward winning documentary. 23 "At least three of my fellow liquidators got health problems right there, while being involved at the station. I know of several deaths among liquidators who I served with, but this is very sad and emotional part for me, so forgive me if I choose not to go into details (…). Yes, I was paid after I got back, but strangely enough, it was a pay-off by my Institute, not by the government. The Ukrainian Government picked up the tab of my pension – which wasn’t that big after initial hefty paycheck after the USSR had collapsed (initial payment was about 5 times my monthly salary for those 3+ months I was in Chernobyl... this was specific extra pay for "dangerous environment work"... it was always a very pitiful feeling to go and get my pension. After the first year, people quickly forgot about who we are and what we did for them..." - Sergei B. was a 30 year-old army reservist who volunteered to go to Chernobyl in late July as a participant in clean-up operations. 16

As insane as it may sound, the authorities decided to use humans instead of the machines. They called them "Biorobots", simply because they replaced the collapsed robotics. They consisted mainly of reservists between the ages of 35 and 40. These were the men who took part in the most toxic zones of Chernobyl. The levels on the roof of the damaged facility varied between 500-2,000 roentgens, so the radiation was high enough to kill a man within 30 minutes. Nobody was prepared to face levels of exposure of such dimensions. Even today, our technology is not prepared to face this amount of radiation. The soldiers had to adapt themselves to the radiation, so they were obliged to cobble their own clothing with 2-4mm thick lead sheets. Since the radiation was so high, the soldiers could carry on with their work only for a very short period of time, which made the clean-up process on the roof very difficult. Every piece of debris the biorobots removed and everything they touched burned with radioactivity. Many biorobots died of radiation related diseases or suffered severe health problems. Believe it or not, the biorobots were successful in cleaning up the roof, and they prepared the power plant to be entombed in a steelconcrete sarcophagus. What the biorobots achieved, and what they went through is PURE HEROISM! 148

"This was seen even in the United States. Doctor Jay M. Gould and I published a paper in Chem Tech, in January, 1989, showing how the relatively small amounts of radioactivity that reached the United States produced a very significant increase in infant mortality in June and July of that year. Something like thirty percent increase above the previous year’s middle of the summer in the south Atlantic states. And then there was an increase in total mortality over the previous year between May and August of ’86, right after the Chernobyl accident, compared to MayAugust, ’85 there was as much as a five percent increase in the total number of individuals that died of all kinds of conditions. Mainly older people, mainly people who were already ill, or very young babies – the ones who have the least resistance or the greatest sensitivity. And it was directly correlated with the amount of iodine131 that was measured by the EPA in the milk going only up to a maximum of about a hundred picocuries. But these effects were seen down as small as ten, twenty, thirty picocuries per liter in the milk peak value recorded all across the U.S. and yet this led to a clear increase. Something like forty thousand people died, in the United States alone, above normal expectations in the summer of 1986 after Chernobyl." - Sprol – Worst Cases in the World19

The sarcophagus could not be compared to any other man-made structure in the history of mankind. Before that, nobody had built a structure of such extreme dimensions in this type of environment and under such conditions. The pieces for the sarcophagus came pre-built, and each part had to be fit together very precisely. People tend to forget, but this was an almost impossible mission, unlike any other, to accomplish under such high amounts of radiation. Believe it or not, the workers wrote history by achieving to erect a 170m (-557ft) long and 66m (216ft) high monumental structure, a massive sarcophagus made of 700,000 tons (1,400,000,000 lbs) of steel and 400,000 tons (800,000,000lbs) of concrete. This was a 24/7 operation of extreme dimensions.

"It was one of a kind. A unique project. No one had ever built such a structure in a zone this radioactive. You could only work for only a few minutes at a time. That had never been done before." - Lev Bocharov, Engineer. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary 8

149

"In April, 1986 I was visiting my grandmother in Warszawa. I remember my skin turning to red blisters as I walked along the streets. My parents, who lived in N.Y. tried calling us, but of course, could not get through. Finally, a telegram arrived with the message to "evacuate from Poland". - Sprol – Worst cases in the World19 "Polish citizens and visitors were not informed of the disaster. After having received the telegram, I went to the U.S. Embassy and was "evacuated" on the first available flight to London." - Sprol – Worst cases in the World19 "My health was destroyed. I was only 36. Within a few months I went into premature menopause and hypothyroidism (…). Is there anyone out there who can help me?" - Eva Sonnenberg, Sprol – Worst cases in the World19 "Despite the high doses that many of the liquidators received, there has been no internationally coordinated study to investigate the health consequences of the accident (...). According to the World Health Organization, medical monitoring of some of the liquidators is already indicating growing morbidity and mortality rates amongst this group. (...). According to the Belarus Government, thyroid cancer has increased 4,000%, diabetes 700%, diseases of blood organs 840% and some malignant tubes 160% as well as a general reduction in the functioning of the immune system." - Chernobyl Liquidators Web-Article

"After about 40, 50 minutes of fighting there were two more explosions. There was a big black cloud, followed by an intense blue light. Then a ball of fire covered the moon. I felt sick and fell unconscious. I woke up in the hospital in Moscow with 40 other fire fighters. At first we joked about radiation. Then we heard that a comrade had begun to bleed from his nose and mouth and his body turned black and he died. That was the end of the laughter." - Ivan, a fire-fighter and liquidator who survived the experience, "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary 8 "'We were told not to have children for five years because of our work. How do you explain that to your wife or girlfriend? Most of us didn’t and hoped we’d be all right. We had to remove the top layers of soil and load it up on trucks..." - Igor, who was conscripted to help evacuate the families and strip radioactive topsoil. 48

150

"Last year, Ukraine’s president warned that the reactor ruins remain a serious threat. Most of Chernobyl’s radioactivity is still in those ruins which are encased in a rapidly deteriorating concrete shell vulnerable to collapse. Urgent work to construct a giant steel coffin over it is far behind schedule and the Ukraine is asking– begging really–for financial help to complete the project." - Bleeding Edge Blog, Fukushima victims?

"The heroes of the drama were those who battled the reactor, despite the intense radiation: people who put out the fires, who pumped water into the reactor or bathed it in liquid nitrogen, who dropped sand and lead from helicopters, dived into pools beneath the reactor to open sluice gates, or burrowed under the foundations to install a system of heat-exchanging pipes." - Stephen Mulvey, The Chernobyl Nightmare revisited 50

"I thought the burial dumps would be complicated engineering places but they were like open pits, not even lined with anything! We lifted out the topsoil in one big roll like a carpet with all the worms and bugs and spider inside! But you can’t skin the whole country; you can’t take everything that lives in the earth. We stripped thousands of kilometers not just of earth but of orchards, houses, schools – everything. At night we drank so hard. Otherwise we couldn’t do it. We slept in tents in beds of straw, taken from farms near the reactor!" - Igor, who was conscripted to help evacuate families and strip radioactive topsoil.48 "You see, they knew, the bees I mean, they knew something was wrong, but we didn’t. Not until it was too late. I remember that morning well. I went out into my kitchen garden as usual; it was a lovely spring day and so beautiful. It was in full bloom; it’s my very favorite time. The garden all dressed in wedding white. But something was wrong, something was missing, some old memorable sounds. Ah, you see, I realized something unusual, it came to me that I couldn’t hear the sounds of bees. This was something strange. My hives were over there, see, rows of them under the apple trees; they’re rotten now, but not then – we had very good honey to sell and eat. 151

"Of the 32,000 liquidators from Kazakhstan, there are now just 6,000 left. According to the Almaty-based Union of Chernobyl, some 4,000 former liquidators die every year in post-Soviet countries." - Chernobyl Liquidators WebArticle "Sasykulov is one of 4,500 Kyrgyz citizens who cleaned up the disaster in 1986-89. There are some 1,750 left in Kyrgyzstan at present. He says the children of the liquidators are also suffering from the consequences of the disaster. "Over 85 percent of [those remaining] are disabled," Sasykulov said. "There are 1,650 children born from the liquidators. Of them, 15 percent are badly sick and disabled. Our task is to address their social needs and also provide medical assistance. Lack of medicine is a big problem. Many Chernobyl liquidators die, many of them and their children are sick." - The Martyrs of Chernobyl Article, by Gulnoza Saidazimova and Claire Bigg

What is it? What’s wrong? I said it to Nina, my wife, and she said, "It’s bad omen, Andrei; it’s not right." I put on my mask as usual and started checking the hives. They were there alright, sitting in the hives, not making a sound. There was no buzzing... (...) So strange their silence I thought. They are sick; maybe they have been poisoned from the fields, I thought. It was only when they came to take us away, three weeks later, that they told us there’d been an accident at the atomic station over there. You see, that is just 15 kilometers from our kitchen garden. It’s no distance for that radiation to come over here. We didn’t know that, but our bees did. Something horrible happened so quietly and naturally." - Interview with Andrei, a farmer from Khoiniki, Belarus

"This study, which was published recently in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, reports research done by Weinberg and ten co-authors from Israel and Ukraine on the effect of parental exposure to ionizing radiation on the DNA of the offspring of Chernobyl liquidators. The authors report an unexpectedly high (sevenfold) increase in the number of DNA mutations among children conceived after parental exposure over those in their older siblings who were conceived before the accident. The authors conclude that "low doses of radiation can induce multiple changes in the human DNA"." - Study of mutation rate in offspring of Chernobyl liquidators, Journal of Radiological Protection 25 "Kids who were exposed, who are now 20 years old, have been called Chernobyl invalids. They have an annual medical exam by 20 doctors so they think for sure something’s wrong." - Fred Mettler 25 "Belarus has shown a 100 fold increase in thyroid cancers, from 0.3 per million in 1981-85 to 30.6 per million in 1991-94. Russia indicates a 10 fold increase from 0 cases in 1981-5 to 10 per million in 1991-94 and, Ukraine shows an approximate 7 fold increase from 0.5 cases per million in 1981-85 to 3.4 per million in 199194." - Chernobyl Liquidators Article 26

152

Many of the liquidators died, and the rest keep suffering from strange illnesses, mainly cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Here you have the truth behind cardiovascular and cancer epidemics. The current governments and international organizations very rarely recognize the link between those illnesses and the Chernobyl radiation exposure. But the link is there! Among others, cancer takes a major role in the Chernobyl accident. (Don’t be naive to believe that if you live on the other side of the planet, Chernobyl doesn’t involve you. Chernobyl Disaster involves YOU and me, and everybody else, no matter where we live. You – just as me – carry the traces of particles from Chernobyl, which are slowly burning us from inside out.) In conclusion, the liquidators worked in hellish and chaotic conditions and deserve gratitude for their extraordinary bravery in order to safeguard the rest of the world, including you and me. The reality today is far from bravery. On average the liquidators receive 3,000 rubles ($110) a month, which is impossible to live on. Chernobyl knocked the world’s superpower out, the heroes are on hunger strike, and the sarcophagus is collapsing, which is another threat the world faces today. If there is a charity to help them, you should support it morally and financially – it is for the world’s forgotten heroes, the liquidators of Chernobyl. If the government is unable to support these people, it is my and your duty to support them. Without them, this place would look very different – that’s for sure! On August 25 I take a moment to remember their sacrifice. Feel free to join me if you want to.

153

"Once the heroes of a nation, the first people to enter the Chernobyl power plant after Block 4 exploded 20 years ago are fighting for medical care after being forgotten since the break-up of the Soviet Union. "My friends are dying, one after another," he said. "The last one left us two weeks ago. I don’t know if I’ll have the strength to keep fighting." Like most "liquidators", Bertov has faced both physical and psychological illness over the past two decades. (...) His medical chart has included everything from irradiation to heart disease, bronchitis, gastritis, extreme fatigue, difficulties with focusing. Specialists say all are consequences of the accident. "It’s difficult to battle both sickness and oblivion," Bertov said." - Deutsche Welle, Chernobyl "Liquidators" Still Fight Oblivion 51 "It is as if the state wants us to die sooner," 48-year-old Igor Stolbikov told the AP. He stopped eating and drinking on April 20, insisting that it is impossible to live on the 3,000 rubles ($110) he receives every month. Another former liquidator, Sergei Kulish, has been on hunger strike since April 5 (…). "Chernobyl liquidators keep dying one by one," Kulish told the AP. "They lose their teeth. They mostly cannot work because of their disability. And they get ridiculously low support from the state." - Chernobyl Liquidators on Hunger 52

154

Consequences of Chernobyl Disaster The saddest part of this dramatic event is that most of the victims of the nuclear industry are children. Since radiation is invisible, it is hard to trace the origin of diseases or conditions we suffer today, and our children are going to suffer tomorrow. The reality is that since Chernobyl the defects in newborn children have risen dramatically, and their illnesses and conditions are on the rise, too. And this not only takes place in Ukraine, but also throughout the world. The statistics speak for themselves. Congenital birth defects have increased by 250% since the Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986.53 Places like the Vesnova Children’s Mental Asylum in Belarus have never existed before. What we are dealing here with is a pure diabolic energy! At this stage I’d like to explain the link between radiation and evolution of the world in more details. Science discovered that throughout its evolution the world has been constantly exposed to radiation. Scientists discovered that the background exposure lets microorganisms evolve. They also discovered that radiation is in fact the hidden mechanism of evolution. Simple life forms have a shorter life span, meaning that their evolutionary process runs much faster 155

"Two-and-half million curies of mostly localized radiation were released in the Chernobyl accident (...). There are five million curies in Pilgrim’s reactor and 25 to 30 million curies of radiation in the spent-fuel pool. Most of that spent-fuel pool's radioactivity would be released into atmosphere if there was a fire, or 10 times the amount released in Chernobyl." - Gordon Thompson28 "He went back to record the meltdown of Chernobyl, and his friends say he just disappeared. This man was trying to record the disaster, but it was still the Soviet Union, and I’m sure many of them did not want him doing this." - Kiana Davenport 30 "Bird populations in California plummeted a month after Chernobyl and there is no other plausible explanation. Other species still show marked contamination: livestock, birds, fish, plants and trees. Grazing sheep in the UK, 2000 miles away, still have high levels of radioactive Caesium 137." - Panokroko Blog

in comparison to more advanced forms of life. Yes, radiation is the ENGINE OF EVOLUTION. To simplify things, from a mechanical perspective, Chernobyl radiation fallout reeved-up the nature’s engine high, turning the genetic harmony into hell. With the gas pedal on the floor, we accelerated the microevolutionary mechanism. This happened after we hit it with additional radiation on top of the natural background dose. All but a few of the studied microorganisms in the Chernobyl-affected places and around the world underwent genetic changes, throughout all layers of the biosphere, from tiny viruses to complex forms of life. This evolutionary event led to the occurrence of new activation of old life-forms, including viruses and bacteria. This is what happened in Chernobyl and around the world after the Chernobyl disaster. Simple microorganism colonies mutated, adapted, and eventually became stronger with a much faster pace than the slower ones – the more advanced life forms, including us the people. The result is disharmony in the world of microorganisms. And since the microcosmos is also a part of YOU, even today Chernobyl affects you and especially your children’s health.29 Our slow adaptation speed is our threat. The reeved-up evolutionary engine caused 156

Death Toll of Chernobyl 1986 – 2004 death toll in Europe, Asia, Africa: 417,000 1987 – 2004 death toll in North America: 170,000 1987 – 2004 death toll worldwide: Close to one million (the age of radionuclides coming from nuclear tests and accidents lasts for up to 100.000 thousand years to come. The number of Chernobyl victims will rise for generations to come). - Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment By Alexey V. Yablokov, Vassily B. Nesterenko, Alexey V. Nesterenko.29 "The percentage of healthy children born in Belarus, Ukraine and European Russia fell from 80% to less than 20% after the 1986 accident. The health consequences include increased fetal and infant deaths, birth defects, diseases of every organ system, cancers and non-cancerous tumors. Photographs of the tumors and birth defects are frightening." - Independentaustralia Website 27

activation and dispersion of dangerous infections. Shortly after the accident, there was the spread of bacteria and retroviruses, such as tuberculosis and other. The medical science calls it "radiologically induced pathologic changes in the microflora". Beside tuberculosis, it came to a severe reduction of bacteria living in the gut which are known as Bifidus bacteria for the price of prevalence of the genus Escherichia. In particular, a sharp increase in E-coli by children has been noted. In Belarus herpes viruses and hepatitis viruses B, C, D, G were activated in 19931997.54, 55 Since there exists a strong association between carcinogenesis and viruses this is another reason why the cancer rate increased in the contaminated areas after the Chernobyl catastrophe. And this is not everything. As you may presume, there are many other illnesses related to radiation enhanced bacteria or viruses. These illnesses include, for instance, a large variety of diseases from simple influenza, pyelonephritis, chronic intestinal diseases, cystitis, endocolitis, vaginitis, dermatitis, and ischemia, including various pathologies of pregnancy. Among the soil bacteria, it came to disharmony among Agrobacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., and Klebsiella sp. due to accumulation of Cs-137. The

157

The long-term consequences for microbial biota may be worse than what we understand today (â&#x20AC;Ś). "What happened to voles and frogs in the Chernobyl zone shows what can happen to humans in coming generations: increasing mutation rates, increasing morbidity and mortality, reduced life expectancy, decreased intensity of reproduction, and changes in male/female sex ratios.(â&#x20AC;Ś). "In 1986, the level of irradiation in plants and animals in Western Europe, North America, the Arctic, and eastern Asia were sometimes hundreds and even thousands of times above acceptable norms." - Nesterenko, A. V., Nesterenko, V. B. and Yablokov, Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment.29

poisonous clouds spread beyond borders and heavily exposed more than 40% of Europe and later the entire Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Canada, and Asia. 29 The radioactive dust contaminated the Earth by rain and continues radiating plants, animals and humans, including you, who assimilated these radionuclides. You may have heard about rapid decay of Chernobyl radionuclides from the environment. For example Nikolai Fomin, the plant’s chief engineer, believes that both man and nature are completely safe. But that’s A BIG LIE. Let me explain you the story behind radionuclides and the way they kept and still keep on penetrating the biosphere. The radioactive isotopes strontium-90 (Sr-90), caesium-137 (Cs-137), plutonium (Pu), americium (Am), and many other particles released by the catastrophe get concentrated in roots of plants. These plants can be eaten by humans, which means that radioactive particles get into the humans’ body. When we die we turn into ash, which gets into the soil from which it is picked up by plants again. In this way radioactive particles circulate in the entire biosphere on and on. These radionuclides remain active for hundreds of years to come. Due to the recirculation of these radionuclides. It takes them much longer to decay than originally predicted. The contamination fluctuates and the dynamics of present radionuclides (plutonium, strontium-90, caesium-137, and americium) keep Chernobyl scientists surprised even today.56

158

Table 3.2, Excerpted from Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences) Alexey V. Yablokov, Vassily B. Nesterenko, Alexey V. Nesterenko, Janette D. Sherman-Nevinger29

159

"In 1991 the prevailing primary physical disabilities in the contaminated territories were due to circulatory problems (39.0%) and diseases of the nervous system (32.3%). Since 2001 the primary disability is neoplasm (53.3% in 2005). For the period 1992 to 2005 disability due to neoplasm increased nearly fourfold. The current second set of primary disabilities in the contaminated territories is due to circulatory disease (32.5% in 2005; Table 3.6)." Ipatov et al., 2006 29

"Table 3.2 shows the results of childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s self-estimation of health. It is clear that children living in the heavily contaminated areas complain more often of various illnesses. The number of complaints in the group living in heavily contaminated areas was noticeably greater than in less contaminated places. Although the number of complaints increased in both the heavily contaminated and the less contaminated groups after 3 years of observation, most of the parameters were higher among the heavily contaminated. Data in Table 3.3 show that children living in heavily contaminated areas differed noticeably from those in less contaminated places for practically all diseases in both the first and the second survey. The findings in both Table 3.2 and Table 3.3 give a convincing picture of sharply worsening health for children in the heavily contaminated areas. The authors of this research defined this condition as "ecological disadaptation syndrome" which may be another definitive Chernobyl effect." - Gresâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and Arinchin, 200134 "From 1997 to 2005 the number of the "practically healthy" children in heavily contaminated areas decreased more than sixfold â&#x20AC;&#x201D; from 3.2 to 0.5%" - Horishna, 200534

"The level of general morbidity among evacuee children increased 1.4 times from 1987 to 1992 (from 1,224 to 1,665 per 1,000). The prevalence of diseases for this period rose more than double (1,425 up to 3,046). General morbidity increased 1.5 to 2.4 times in 160

"In 1999 there were fourfold more sick children in contaminated territories than the average of such children in Ukraine." - Prysyazhnyuk et al., 200234 "At the beginning of 2005 the percentage of invalid children in contaminated territories was more than fourfold that of the average among children in other populations." - Omelyanets, 200634

the contaminated territories from the period before the catastrophe until 1992. At the same time, across the whole of Ukraine child morbidity showed a marked increase (Lukyanova et al., 1995). This trend is continuing: 455.4 per 1,000 in 1987; 866.5 in 1990; 1,160.9 in 1995; 1,367.2 in 2000; and 1,422.9 in 2004." Stepanova, 2006 29 "According to annual surveys during the period from 1988 to 2005 there were several fold fewer children of liquidators considered "practically healthy" than were found in the control group (2.6 – 9.2% compared with 18.6 – 24.6%); furthermore these liquidators’ children were statistically significantly taller and more overweight." Kondrashova et al., 2006 29

161

"Among adult evacuees the occurrence of nonmalignant diseases increased 4.8 times (from 632 to 3,037 per 10,000) from 1988 to 2002. Beginning in 1991– 1992 the occurrence and prevalence of these diseases was above the average for the country." (Figure 3.4). - National Ukrainian Report, 2006 34 "According to official Ukrainian data, at the beginning of 2005 there were 148,199 people whose invalidism resulted from the Chernobyl catastrophe; among them were 3,326 children." - Ipatov et al., 2006 34 "After the catastrophe the number (percentage) of "practically healthy" children in contaminated territories declined markedly and the number of sick children significantly increased." (Table 3.5). - Luk’yanova et al., 1995 34

"In spite of the intensive social and medical programs in place from 1986 to 2003, the number (percentage) of "practically healthy" children in affected territories decreased 3.7 times (from 27.5 to 7.2%), and the number (percentage) of "chronically ill" children increased from 8.4% in 1986– 1987 to 77.8% in 2003 (Figure 3.2). The percent of children with chronic diseases increased steadily —from 8.4% in 1986–1987 to 77.8% in 2004 (Stepanova, 2006a). At the same time in less contaminated areas the percentage of healthy children has been constant during the last 20 years — up to 30%" - Burlak, 2006 34

THE BOTTOM LINE: If there is God, we attempted to wield his power, and FAILED in every way. Even today science still knows nothing about what we are dealing with. The deeper they dig, the less they know. (It is a very scary thought since the "diggers" are highly qualified individuals, who are missing the big picture because of their "overwhelming", yet limitting intellect.). With the big money in the game, this combination is truly terrifying.

162

"Liquidator #6 has had lots of health problems since 1990. He had prostate surgery in 1999 and a stroke in 2000. Before that, he had a stomach ulcer, hypertension, pancreas problems, blood pressure issues, and so on. He received an official irradiated dose of 26 roentgens, but he thinks that this number is wrong. He believes that radiation caused his health problems. He was very healthy before the Chernobyl accident; he worked a lot and had a very strong "organism" and immune system. But after the accident, he began to recognize big problems with his health. He has calculated that he has a total of 16 chronic diseases now. In his own words, there are no organs that work well in his body. He regrets his decision to go to Chernobyl. The "Chernobyl situation" (the liquidator problem) is very bad now. Liquidators need 26 million hryvnas per year to cover the cost of living and receiving health care, but they only receive 10 percent of this sum from the government. He has no money in his family budget to cover his health costs." - Skwallace, senior at Duke University, US 35

Radiation is a type of energy production which should have already been banned and replaced decades ago. It is just not worth it. Albert Einstein said, "Radiation is a hell of a way of boiling water." Nikola Tesla was strongly against radiation as a source of energy. Many other legends in the field of science and medicine were strongly against radiationbased energy production. At the end of the day, it is the producers’ greed and consumers’ ignorance which make your food, water, and air become contaminated with radiation in the countries of the Norhtern Hemisphere for much more than your grandchildren’s lifetime. Spreading cancer epidemics is the biggest nightmare disease due to the current primitive medical treatments. This type of energy isn’t replaced because YOU and ME let it happen. There you have it, plain and simple! In terms of radiation and cancer, there are, of course, other factors which play along, causing certain types of cancer. However, radiation belongs to the TOP factors. This piece of literature tells you how things really are. Every word you can read here has just one purpose – to AWAKEN, ENLIGHTEN YOUR KNOWLEDGE and to bring you a giant step closer to the answer why your friends and family suffer. If 163

"Soldiers who had injuries before Chernobyl were also sent to work in the plant. Vladimir Filatov was serving in Afghanistan where he suffered 3 injuries and contracted malaria, and 5 years later he was sent to Chernobyl. Another liquidator Alexander Antymonjuk was the only one of 14 people who survived a mining accident and a few years later was sent to Chernobyl. Unfortunately, the pension for these people is not equivalent to their achievements in serving their country. Chernobyl victims who are able to perform some kind of work are trying to find it, but many are afraid to say that they are Chernobyl victims as Ukrainian companies may not want to employ them. Konstantin Slav is still trying to work. He doesn’t tell anyone at his workplace that he is a liquidator and he needs serious medical care and observation. It seems to be an extraordinary but recurring theme that employers will fire workers if they realize that they were liquidators. A Chernobyl victim does not win you any favors. Slav and others like him suffer not only enormous challenges to their health, but they also face being stigmatized by their own communities." - The Liquidators of Chernobyl 19

you think this book is dirty, I agree with you. I myself had to get dirty to bring some things back to light. The cruel fact is that the Chernobyl fallout, together with the fallout from other nuclear incidents and thousands of nuclear tests, has been landing on you and me since over 60 years now. Radiation is a warfare. Do take it personally, YOUR HEALTH IS YOUR OWN BUSINESS! It was, it is, and always will be a nasty game. It cannot be denied that this warfare became your and my personal invisible enemy. You are involved in this war which will last, unless YOU start doing something about it. I don’t care what exactly, but at least do SOMETHING! Ideally, invest money into solar energy and other alternative energy sources. Stand up, get involved, and fight – I challenge you! The level of radionuclides at the place of the accident was hundreds of thousand times higher than the levels at ground zero after bombing in Hiroshima, Japan, during the World War II. This was one reactor out of hundreds which run today. Even today, the exclusion zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant remains irradiated with radiation 700 times higher than allowed levels. The Soviet Union’s econonomy also collapsed because of Chernobyl. Think about it! The entire nation, the world’s superpower collapsed because of one 164

"About 600,000 people were involved in mitigating the consequences of the accident. About 300,000 of them were Ukrainians. Out of those, 100,000 are disabled now (...). "One arrives at between 12,000 and 83,000 children born with congenital deformations in the region of Chernobyl, and around 30,000 to 207,000 genetically damaged children worldwide." - PPNW report 2006. 36 "A 2009 book by a group of Russian and Belarusian scientists published by the New York Academy of Sciences argued that previous studies were misled by rigged Soviet statistics. "(The disaster) brought suffering on millions of people," - Emergency Ministry’s Holosha. 61 "A more accurate number estimates that nearly 400 million human beings have been exposed to Chernobyl’s radioactive fallout and, for many generations, they and their descendants will suffer the devastating consequences." - Alexey V. Yablokov 33

accident. One reactor damaged the Soviet Unionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy so badly, that the entire system collapsed!? Ask yourself. Is it worth it? Who can control nuclear powers, if probably the strongest country on this planet broke into pieces? Remember that every country which suffers an accident of this type will collapse no matter how strong it is. Today, there are millions of people who are exposed to dangerous levels of radiation. One would think that after 25 years the consequences have dicreased but because of the natural migration of radionuclides, the consequences get worse and will be getting worse with years to come. Science has barely scratched the surface of the Chernobyl impact and its consequences, which leads me to the conclusion that Chernobyl, beside other nuclear accidents, takes a major part in causing cancer around the globe today. The oncologists in Ukraine and Belarus would agree with this statement.23

"I was a biorobot who did all sorts of work," says Volodimir. "It was interesting how the body reacted to high doses of radiation. First and foremost the metabolism was stimulated enormously. When there was a lot of beta-radiation we felt it in our eyes. It felt like they were being cut. In that way we had a sense of the

165

"Four children groups with and without thyroid pathology born to fathers exposed to ionizing irradiation in 1986 during Chernobyl accident as liquidators as well as residents of territory with radioactive contamination have been cytogenetically observed. The frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes have been studied using two-termed cultivation (during 48 and 144 hours). Under the shortterm incubation the observed groups did not significantly differ on the meangroup integral cytogenetic parameters which corresponded to age norm, but in progeny of parents from radionuclide contaminated territory the increased level of chromosome type exchanges has been revealed. In longtermed lymphocyte cultures of children with chronic thyroiditis the significantly increased cytogenetic effects of both chromatid (single fragments) and chromosome types (abnormal monocentrics, centric rings) have been established. The data received testified the reality of the transmissible chromosome instability phenomenon in progeny of irradiated parents and confirmed the possibility of its expression in consequent mitoses. " - Pilins'ka, Dybs'kyÄ, Dybs'ka, Pedan. 62

doses we were getting." There were many immediate illnesses in Volodimir’s team – intestinal, stomach, heart, eye and tooth problems." Volodimir Usatenko Energy Engineer, Kiev, Ukraine, Author: Mads Eskesen Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

When you were called to go to Chernobyl, did you know how bad it was there? "I had no idea and never knew the true scope until much later. It was all covered in secrecy. I went there as a professional because I was told to – but if I was asked to liquidate such an accident today, I’d never agree. The sacrifices the Fukushima workers are making are too high because the nuclear industry was developed in such a way that the executives don’t hold themselves accountable to the human beings who have to clean up a disaster. It’s like nuclear slavery. What was your first impression of Chernobyl? It was like a war zone where a neutron bomb had gone off. I always felt I was in the middle of a war where the enemy was invisible. All the houses and buildings were intact with all the furniture, but there wasn’t a single person left. Just deep silence everywhere. Sometimes I felt I was the only person alive on a strange planet. There are really no words to describe it.

166

"Children had been evacuated earlier, on May 1. Nobody knew anything. Nobody told us anything." "We were told to take with us clothes for the next three days but nothing else because everything was contaminated. They promised us the reactor would be shut down and we would return in three days," he said by telephone from the town of Khoyniki. "I grew up about 100 mi from there. I remember when the evening news announced there was a "minor" incident and showed a very brief image of smoke rising in the distance. It didn’t seem like anything serious... at least my father wasn’t worried. Fuckers covered it up. And only started admitting what really happened when radiation was reaching Western Europe. Then they offered free apartments and other perks for those who wanted to go and clear up the mess. Many who took the offer didn’t need apartments when they got back – they headed straight to the hospital and then to the cemetery. I heard stories of people being cooked alive, their meat was falling off they bones, yuk! I also remember my mom’s plants on the balcony died that summer. I don’t know how much dosage we all absorbed. Soon the refugees started coming in. The state relocated many of the families to different cities. Quite often, for some idiotic reason those refugees were shunned and stigmatized, as if they were cursed or somehow responsible for what happened. Looking back that seems very surreal, and ridiculous. But then again the whole Soviet thing was just a big tragic joke. This kind of accident was bound to happen there sooner or later." - reddit.com Forum

What did your work as a liquidator entail? First, we measured radiation levels and got vegetation samples to see how high the contamination was. Then bulldozers dug holes in the ground and we buried everything – houses, animals, everything. There were some wild animals that were still alive, and we had to kill them and put them in the holes. Were any pets left in the houses? The people had only a few hours to leave, and they weren’t allowed to take their dogs or cats with them. The radiation stays in animals’ fur and they can’t be cleaned, so they had to be abandoned. That’s why people were crying when they left. All the animals left behind in the houses were like dried-out mummies. But we found one dog that was still alive. Where did you find the dog and how did he survive? We moved into a former kindergarten to use as a laboratory and we found her lying in one of the children’s cots there. Her legs were all burned from the radiation and she was half blind. Her eyes were all clouded from the radiation. She was slowly dying. Were you able to rescue her? Right after we moved in, she disappeared. And this is the amazing part. A month later we found her in the children’s ward of the (abandoned) hospital. She was dead. She was lying in a child’s bed, the same size bed we found her in the 167

"I was 5 at the moment, living in France. I don’t remember it, but there was a cover-up also in there. Officially, the radioactive cloud stopped right at the border, even though they knew of high levels of contamination in Corsica and southeastern France." - Anonymous, reddit.com Forum, Picture tour of Chernobyl as it is today "The official short-term death toll from the accident was 31 but many more people died of radiation-related sicknesses such as cancer. The total death toll and long-term health effects remain a subject of intense debate even 25 years after the disaster." - Reuters.com, Top News 37 "(The disaster) brought suffering on millions of people," said the Emergency Ministry’s Holosha. - DNA, Daily News Analysis DNA, Daily News & Analysis 38

kindergarten. Later we found out that she loved children very much and was always around them. How did working in the dead zone begin to affect your health? I started to feel as if I had the flu. I would get a high temperature and start to shiver. What happens during first contact with radiation is that your good flora is depleted and the bad flora starts to flourish. I suddenly wanted to sleep all the time and eat a lot. It was the organism getting all the energy out. How much radiation were you subjected to? We were never told. We wore dosimeters which measured radiation and we submitted them to the bosses, but they never gave us the results. But didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t you realize the danger and want to leave? Yes, I knew the danger. All sorts of things happened. One colleague stepped into a rainwater pool and the soles of his feet burned off inside his boots. But I felt it was my duty to stay. I was like a firefighter. Imagine if your house was burning and the firemen came and then left because they thought it was too dangerous. When did you discover the thyroid tumor? They found it during a routine medical inspection after I had worked there several years. It turned out to be benign. I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know when it started to develop. I had an operation to remove half the thyroid gland. The tumor

168

"About 600,000 people were involved in mitigating the consequences of the accident. About 300,000 of them were Ukrainians. Out of those, 100,000 are disabled now." - The Independent 39 "A 2008 United Nations study cited a "dramatic increase in thyroid cancer incidence" in Ukraine and just across the border in Belarus. Children seemed to be especially vulnerable because they drank milk with high levels of radioactive iodine." - Climate Spectator a Business Spectator Publication 40 "One arrives at between 12,000 and 83,000 children born with congenital deformations in the region of Chernobyl, and around 30,000 to 207,000 genetically damaged children worldwide." - IPPNW Report 41 "Those figures are far lower than health officials had predicted. Indeed, the UN says that overall health effects were less severe than initially expected and that only a few thousand people had died as a result of the accident." - Special Report: In Chernobyl, a Disaster Persists 41

grew back, and last year I had the other half removed. I live on (thyroid) hormones now. Why did you go back to Chernobyl after getting a thyroid tumor? Right around the time of my operation, the government passed a law saying the liquidators had to work for exactly 4 1/2 years to get our pension and retire. If you left even one day early, you would not get any benefits. Really? That seems beyond cruel. It’s why the nuclear industry is dangerous. They want to deny the dangers. They kept changing the law about what benefits we’d get because if they admitted how much we were affected, it would look bad for the industry. Now we hardly get any benefits. Did your health worsen after you finally finished work at Chernobyl? I was basically disabled at 43. I was having fits similar to epileptic fits. My blood pressure was sky high. It was hard to work for more than six months a year. The doctors didn’t know what to do with me. They wanted to put me in a psychiatric ward and call me crazy. Finally they admitted it was because of the radiation." - An interview with Natalia Manzurova done by Dana Kennedy, one of the few survivors involved in the clean-up of Chernobyl, AOL News 60

169

"But a 2009 book by a group of Russian and Belarusian scientists published by the New York Academy of Sciences argued that previous studies were misled by rigged Soviet statistics." - 25 years later, The Ghost of Chernobyl Persists 43 "Nobody tells us anything and it is difficult to prove anything. People die of ordinary illnesses. If the authorities admit that a person dies because of radioactivity then they have to award compensation afterwards. Who wants to do that?" - Alexander Filippov, School Teacher 44 "It is clear that tens of millions of people, not only in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, but worldwide, will live under measurable chronic radioactive contamination for many decades, they wrote." - Ukrainian

Canadian. 45

"We were not ready for it – neither technologically nor financially. This is a priceless experience for other countries," says Volodymyr Holosha, the top Ukrainian Emergency Ministry official in charge of the area surrounding the Chernobyl plant. - 25 Years Later, The Ghost of Chernobyl Persists 57 "The day after the accident there was an old aeroplane, an E2, I think, flying very low, about 300 meters above ground, to and fro, to and fro. It seeded something on the clouds and then it rained here. I myself saw how it did it. The plane flew to and fro. First there was a cloud and then it disappeared. The clouds fell down to earth as rain and the sky cleared." - Grigoriy Sorikov, Pensioner, Belarus WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor, Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

"If you visit different medical institutes here, they will tell you that they have noticed an increase in some disease or other. Why is there such an increase? You can assume whatever you like. Chernobyl is just like a big laboratory in Ukraine, where people were used as guinea pigs." - Igor Komisarenko, Director of the Komisarenko Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism. Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

170

"We could always eat reindeer meat, but now we have to bury them sometimes and that hurts," says Marita. "I cannot stop thinking that Caesium is in our bodies and that we pass it over to our children. In 2003 we were very worried and we are still concerned about what awaits us in the autumn. It can come back any time." - Marita Stinnerbom Reindeer farmer, Klimpfjäll, Lapland, Sweden. 46 "What is it you need if you live in a village? You need land, water and roads. Then it is a good life! In our village you do not complain of having no gas or the like. Here you hope at least to get some good land so that you can plant potatoes and get some "clean" hay. Our children must be able to drink "clean" milk. Now it is contaminated with radioactivity. Without Chernobyl our land would have been "clean". It would have been easier for people to live here." - Danilo Vezhichanin 46

"When people say that the operators were not good enough, it is not true. They were experienced enough to work at the plant under normal conditions. But the reactor was in such a state that it was difficult to predict anything. They did not have enough information to foresee events and make decisions. It would not be decent of me to say that I would have done things differently. It is not decent towards those who died that night." - Georgiy Reichman, State Inspector for Radiation Safety, Ukrainian Committee for Nuclear Regulation, Chernobyl â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

"We were very surprised at the idea that Chernobyl could influence us here. The first year was awful. We could not sell any of our lamb. Everything came to a standstill. I was terrified, as I had started breeding sheep only three years earlier. We did not get any compensation until the end of the year. I was furious. If the government wants to have that nuclear energy, then it had better have some kind of back-up plan for when something like this happens." - Glyn Roberts, Sheep farmer, Betws-y-Coed, Wales, United Kingdom, Chernobyl â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

"I could see that this technology was very risky. It is not possible to combine nuclear power with modern set of ethics. In truth it is a technology of the future for 171

"Most of the villagers live off their own production of milk, potatoes and vegetables. 80-90% of the contamination reaches people through their food. Just 5-20% comes from external radiation. Milk is eight to ten times more contaminated than permitted. The same goes for meat and potatoes. The cows graze in meadows of grass with high caesium content. The radioactivity lies in the upper layers of the soil where the roots of the grass are. The IAEA runs a project in Yelno, where fields are ploughed so that the radioactive elements in the upper 5 cm are instead spread over 20 cm. As a result the concentration of radioactivity is diluted threefold and the food is less radioactive. In radiobiology there is a rule of thumb that it takes about 10 half-life periods before a radioactive element is safe. The half-life period of Caesium is 30 years. Applying this rule of thumb suggests that it will take 300 years before the problems of Yelno have dissipated." - Danilo Vezhichanin Mayor of the village of Yelno, Rivne Oblast, Ukraine 46

people with higher morals. It was painful for me to acknowledge that. I had to revise everything I believed in and occupied myself with up till then. I decided to work towards protecting children from radioactivity. They were the ones who suffered most back then." - Vasiliy Nesterenko, Director of the Belarusian Institute for Radiation Safety, Minsk, Belarus, Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

"In the Soviet Union humans counted for nothing. They were zero to the officials. They could have recruited people in their middle age, who already had families and children. One should not have sent young people like me to Chernobyl. The government put an end to our lives. It destroyed our future." - Sergey Volkovs, Liquidator – clean-up worker at Chernobyl, Jecabpils, Latvia Author: Mads Eskesen, Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

"Nobody orders me to do this, nobody forces me to do it. When I enter the fourth reactor nobody and nothing can disturb me. There are no people around checking the radiation dose that I get there. I am in another world, a world of freedom – of pure euphoria and joy. I was the very first person in the world to see the reactor from the inside."- Constantine Checherov, Nuclear Physicist, Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia / Slavutich, Ukraine, Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

"It was a political decision to re-start the third reactor. It was possible to do so only because there were some people, who did the hazardous work. Someone tried to prove that nothing dangerous happened in Chernobyl and that our country could manage everything. There was even a military leader who gathered his staff after the accident and inquired how much time they needed to re-build the fourth reactor. If it had been physically possible, I don’t think anyone would have spared human lives to do it." - George Lepin, Nuclear Scientist, International Ecological Academy, Minsk, Belarus, Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59 172

"Every scientist must be able to publicize the results of his/her work so that it can be debated. It is important that there are those who agree or disagree with the work. One should enter into a good scientific dialogue in order to reach the truth. Unfortunately this is not possible for us." - Galina Bandazhevskaya, Paediatrician, Minsk, Belarus, Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

"We have a problem – but nobody tries to understand its essence. If you have a destroyed reactor to deal with, you need money – lots of money. "We can solve the problem only over 20 years," one would say. But then it is important to revive the problem at appropriate times. If someone came along and solved the problem at once in a very simple way then only few people would be grateful to him, because he might do away with thousands of jobs." - Volodimir Usatenko, Energy Engineer, Kiev, Ukraine "(…) in Romania we didn’t even know anything happened – Ceausescu’s dictatorship regime kept all secret. After a few days, though, we received some medicine doses, however, the cloud already passed by, so I guess it was already too late. Things changed, however, people got sick, vegetables never grew as they used to do." - Reddit 64 "During the night they managed to assemble most of the children. They were put on buses and driven away. Nobody really understood the gravity of the situation. "People were panicking. It was just like wartime," Natalia remembers. "We also evacuated pregnant women, but that was just the first evacuation." The last residents were evacuated from the village six months after the accident. Natalia got a job in an orphanage for mentally and physically handicapped children in the town of Vesnova. There were 15 nurses and teachers for 150 children, of who 87 required constant care. Approximately 30% of the children came from the contaminated areas but there was no record kept of what connection their family had to the accident. Today there are more institutionalized 173

children in Belarus than after World War Two. The strong increase in congenital deformities after the Chernobyl accident has meant an increase in the number of children in orphanages, partly because of the rejection of deformed children and partly because the economic situation makes it practically impossible for families to look after sick children." - Natalia Ivanova Deputy Director, Vesnova Orphanage, Mogilev region, Author: Mads

Eskesen, Chernobyl – 20 Years, 20 Lives Article, 2006 59

"I was around 5 years old and in communist Poland. By the time Western Europe had detected the "cloud" it had already passed over us. Only then did the government officials tell us to stay indoors (too late at that point). But I do remember wanting to go play outside because it was a sunny day, and just couldn’t understand why my parents wouldn’t let me." - Reddit 64 "I’ll second that. I used to live in Romania right near the border with Ukraine, and the evil bastards told us nothing for more than a week. The first my parents heard about it was from Radio Free Europe, then they panicked and started feeding my brother and I vitamin C and iodine. And THEN they told us, by which time the cloud was on its way to Britain. Thing is, my little brother developed (a mild form of) epilepsy some five years later, despite being no history of the disease in the family. He’s all cured now, after ten years of pills, but I still wonder whether it had anything to do with Chernobyl. The final irony is that I grew up alright, and now live in Hiroshima, of all places. Go figure." 64 - Reddit "I was nine then. Living around seven hundred kilometers away, I remember a certain amount of panic even if we lived in socialist country. First there were the pills (to protect us from the radiation, iodine based, I remember) they gave us at school, along with 174

a couple free days until things cooled down (or the panic ended). Second, everybody started digging wells and building water pumps, as they believed the water from the pipe was "unclean". Every block of flats had one or several of these pumps and people carrying buckets of water was a usual sight back then." - Anonymous, Reddit 64 "I was about 5 years old back then, I was at my grandma’s place and I remember the tanks on the streets of the small village it was at the time. I live in Romania (near Ukraine), a communist country back then, and I guess that the government thought we were under attack, cause they registered high radiation coming from Ukraine…" Reddit 64 "I lived in West Germany at the time. All of the parks and recreation areas had to be closed for a while and we had to stay inside I remember. Later they let you go to the parks but warned about digging in the sand pit and stuff. Very surreal for a small kid. My husband used to work for DOL and if you think America did not cover up its own nuclear fuck-ups you are wrong. My favorite story was a lady who used to wash her husband’s uniform after working all day at Hanford. She told my husband that when the cycle was done she would have to scoop out this yellow crud that would be all built up. He told her that it was yellow cake uranium and she was lucky to be alive. The husband was not so lucky." - Reddit 64 "One of my students is from Kiev. He’s in his thirties, so he’s not much younger than me (I’m an ESL teacher.). When I asked him if they were scared or angry that Swedish nuclear workers discovered the accident almost by accident, he loudly declaimed, "That’s not true, the radiation never blew that way, it never went to Europe, it was discovered by Russian scientists and there was never any danger!" I was too shocked to argue it with him. They’d been told something completely different and he really believed it." - Reddit 64 175

"My Russian History professor told us that she went to Russia to study not too long after the Chernobyl explosion happened and they were told not to eat any fresh fruit or vegetables. When she mentioned it to her Russian peers, they had no idea what she was talking about." - Reddit 64 "As a Soviet medical worker Valentina was liable to be called up for military service in case of war. If the enemy had dropped nuclear bombs, her team would be the first in the area to deal with the situation. They were equipped with Geiger counters and various military instruments. Only after the official announcement of the accident could the medical team travel to the local villages to examine people for radiation. Many of these villages were later demolished and buried because the radioactivity levels were too high. The official scientists never requested the results of the examinations â&#x20AC;&#x201C; instead the results were destroyed and the teamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s instruments were confiscated. "While the authorities were busy concealing the scientific results, Valentina was busy as a paediatrician, working with the medical complications that appeared in the years following the accident. Next to her daily duties she continued gathering as much statistical data as she was capable of. She found out that 40% of young men had illnesses preventing them from doing military service. A further 30% were declared partly fit for the service. Since 1986 there has been a constant increase in the number of invalids among the people. In 2003 there was a total of 477,000 invalids in Belarus, which equated to 4.8% of the population. "Children should not have contamination of the body greater than 20 Becquerelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s per kilogram. And that is a high figure," says Valentina. "If you accept a larger dose the numbers of sick and dying children will increase. We have a large proportion of children who are invalids. Previously we have never had children aged 14 and 15 being declared invalids." As opposed to many of her colleagues Valentina constantly tries to get the public 176

interested in the real problems of the country. In August 2004 she ran for Parliament to have a chance to debate the problems that are otherwise not discussed in the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s media. "Chernobyl was the reason for the USSR falling apart," says Valentina. "It was the beginning of the end for the Soviet Union. We knew nothing for five years, even though we were living on contaminated soil. Nobody said we were living in an affected area, despite the fact that the government knew it. It is very lucrative for the authorities to hide information from the public. If nobody knows about the problem, one does not have to invest any money into solving it. We gathered lots of data on radiation level in peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s thyroid gland. The authorities said that our data was incorrect and should be destroyed. Afterwards the scientists invented new figures. This is the crime committed by our government." - Valentina Smolnikova, Paediatrician, Buda-Koshelevo, Belarus 44

"When we heard it on television, they said there was no danger. We wondered why the neighbouring countries took precautions, while we did not have to do anything." Garnier recalls thinking at the time that those precautions elsewhere were an over-reaction. Only when 177

Picture: Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Monument in memory of disaster. Kiev region, Ukraine.

she developed thyroid cancer one year later did she understand that something was wrong. After her thyroid operation it took Garnier 5 years to regain control of her life. She wanted to find out why she got sick at all. She was told that 90% of cases of the kind of cancer she had were caused by radiation. Therefore she was convinced that the cause of her disease was the rain with radioactive particles from Chernobyl. To find evidence of a cover-up Garnier and her colleagues from the Association of Thyroid Patients filed a complaint with the French Courts in 2001. "We do not accuse politicians, we accuse the scientists, who were aware of the consequences of the accident but who would not say anything." A contingent of policemen searched ministries and public offices for the documents that could identify people who knew the degree of contamination after the accident and yet failed to warn the public. The court wanted to learn about the decisions that lead to France not taking any fallout precautions in 1986." - Chernobyl - 20 Years, 20 Lives, Wise "These documents showed that there was a falsification of weather forecasts right after the accident," says Garnier. "The system denied Chernobyl. All the information about the real levels of contamination was classified." "It was revealed that the contamination map of France submitted to the EU was falsified," claims Garnier. It showed 0.5 Becquerel in those places where real contamination was 500,000. Garnier makes the point that it is difficult to accept that a country like France, with its fine food traditions, produces its raw products in fields with a high content of radioactive Caesium. It is even harder to understand that one of the largest countries in the democratic European Union functioned in ways similar to the Soviet system that made the Chernobyl catastrophe possible." - The Chernobyl Legacy, Nuclear Monitor, World Information Service on Energy (WISE), June 2006, 645-646

178

"The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the total radioactivity from Chernobyl was 200 times that of the combined releases from the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. ...Extensive surveying of Chernobylâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Caesium-137 contamination was carried out in the 1990s under the auspices of the European Commission. The results indicate that about 3,900,000 km2 of Europe was contaminated by Caesium-137 (above 4,000 179 Bq/m2) which is 40% of the surface area of Europe." Ian Fairlie, PhD, UK. David Sumner, DPhil, UK. THE OTHER REPORT ON CHERNOBYL (TORCH)66

"Among adult evacuees the occurrence of nonmalignant diseases increased 4.8 times (from 632 to 3,037 per 10,000) from 1988 to 2002. Beginning in 1991â&#x20AC;&#x201C;1992 the occurrence and prevalence of these diseases was above the average for the country" (Figure 3.4). "From 1988 to 2002 physical disabilities among adult evacuees increased 42-fold from 4.6 to 193 per 1,000." - National Ukrainian Report, 2006, Yablokov 2010 29

180

"All the Russian liquidators, mostly young men, were initially healthy. Within 5 years after the catastrophe 30% of them were officially recognized as "sick"; 10 years after fewer than 9% of them were considered "healthy," and after 16 years, only up to 2% were "healthy"." - (Table 3.11). Yablokov (2010) 29

181

"During the period from 1988 to 2004 the number of liquidators who were healthy decreased 12.8 times: from 67.6 to 5.3%, and the number with chronic illnesses increased 6.2 times: from 12.8 to 81.4%." - National Ukrainian Report, 2006; Law of the Ukraine, 2006. Yablokov (2010) 29 "From 1988 to 2003 disabilities among liquidators increased 76-fold from 2.7 to 206 per 1,000." - Buzunov et al., 2006. Yablokov (2010) 29

182

"Since 1987 the number of liquidators in the category of "ill" has consistently increased: 18, 27, 34, 42, 57, 64, 75, to 81% (Grodzinsky, 1999). In the 18 years after the catastrophe the number of "sick" liquidators exceeded 94%. In 2003, some 99.9% of the liquidators were officially "sick" in Kiev; 96.5% in Sumy Province were sick and 96% in Donetsk Province." LIGA, 2004; Lubensky, 2004. Yablokov (2010) 29

"Disability among liquidators began to

increase sharply from 1991 and by the year 2003 had risen tenfold." Lukyanova et al., 29 1995. Yablokov (2010)183

"Pray

to God that that sarcophagus never collapses. That would be the worst thing that could happen. Because inside there are 100 kg of Plutonium. 1 microgram is a lethal dose for a human being. That means there is enough Plutonium to poison 100 million people. The half life, the half life of Plutonium in other words that tiny time it takes for half of the Plutonium to disappear is 250 thousand years. This is something that we could thus consider eternal. There are areas where there will never be life again." - Vasili Nesterenko, Nuclear Physicist. True Battle of Chernobyl 8 "We built a sarcophagus to last 30 years, thinking that 30 years after

the explosion we could built a new sarcophagus without people having to run because of high radiation levels. 20 years have gone by and nothing has been done yet. And itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urgent to get it replaced. But the Ukraine doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have any money. Neither do we. " - Lev Bocharov, Sarcophagus engineer. True Battle of Chernobyl 8

184

Abandoned graveyard

185

186

(The following information is an excerpt from: Video interview with David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net. Special Thanks to David Deante for his invaluable research.)

"Dr. Dave DeSante is the founder of the Institute for Bird Population in Point Reyes, California. Involved in the following study: Landbird Productivity In Central Coastal California: The Relationship To Annual Rainfall, And A Reproductive Failure in 1986.67 After the radioactive cloud from Chernobyl passed over the U.S. West Coast in the spring of 1986 his research uncovered a severe die-off of young birds. Later, researchers Gould and Goldman duplicated his results with human mortality data from both the U.S. and Germany. The young, the old, and those with weak immune systems were the main casualties â&#x20AC;&#x201C; an estimated over forty thousand in all. In midMarch of 2011, as the nuclear disaster in Japan deepens by the day, scientific predictions of fallout again crossing the Pacific are being made. In this in depxth interview EON producers Mary Beth Brangan and Jim Heddle ask Dr. DeSante to explain his findings and their implications for today.

Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

187

"Health impact of radiation onto Ukraine: From 1988 to 1999 primary morbidity among the populations in the contaminated territories doubled (from 621 to 1,276 and from 310 to 746 per 1,000). Beginning in 1993 these parameters have continually exceeded the Ukrainian norms." - Prysyazhnyuk et al., 2002; National Ukrainian Report, 2006) and are still increasing (Table 3.7) Yablokov 2010 29

"The general morbidity of children noticeably increased in the heavily contaminated territories. This includes deaths from common as well as rare illnesses." - Nesterenko, Yablokov et al., 1993 29 "Morbidity among adults and teenagers in the heavily contaminated territories increased fourfold: from137.2 per 1,000 in 1987 to 573.2 in 2004." - Horishna, 2005. Yablokov (2010) 29 "From 1986 to 1994 the overall death rate for newborns was 9.5%. The largest increase (up to 205%), found in the most contaminated Gomel Province (Dzykovich et al., 1996), was due primarily to disease among the growing number of premature infants." - Chernobyl consequences of the catastrophe for people and the environment. Yablokov (2010) 29

About his study: The Condor, published by the Cooper Ornithological Society, is one of the two most prestigious peer-reviewed ornithological journals published in North America, the other being The Auk, published by the American Ornithologists’ Union. DeSante & Geupel (1987) were the runner-up to the 1991 H. R. Painton Award for the best paper appearing in The Condor in the previous four years. DeSante and Geupel showed that the number of young birds produced in 1986 at the Palomarin Field Station near Bolinas, CA, was 62.3% below the previous ten-year mean and fell well outside the relationship between annual rainfall and productivity established during the previous ten years. The timing of the reproductive failure, its geographical extent in California, and the landbird species most affected are all consistent with the following hypothesis: that the greatly elevated levels of radioactive iodine from the massive April 26, 1986, Chernobyl nuclear plant accident that fellout over northern California with rainfall on May 6, 1986, were responsible for the landbird reproductive failure adversely affecting the thyroids and, thus, the development of the young birds during their first nine-twelve days after hatching while they were being fed by their parents in their nests. The major findings presented by Gould & Goldman in Deadly Deceit revolve around statistical estimates of Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

188

"From 1988 to 1997 increased morbidity related to radiation levels was more apparent in the heavily contaminated territories: up to 4.2 times in a zone with more than 15 Ci/km2, up to 2.3 times in a zone with 5–15 Ci/km2, and up to 1.4 times in a zone with 1–5 Ci/km2." - Prysyazhnyuk et al., 2002. Yablokov (2010)29 "Health impact of radiation onto Russia: For the period from 1988 to 1994 there was a manifold increase in primary disabilities (invalidism) among liquidators and evacuees, which exceeded the Ukrainian norms." - Yablokov (2010)29 "In the heavily contaminated districts of Chernygov Province, the general morbidity significantly exceeded that in areas with less contamination; the general morbidity for the entire province was significantly higher 10 years after the catastrophe as compared with 10 years before." - Donets, 2005; Yablokov (2010)29 "The general morbidity of Ukrainian liquidators increased 3.5 times in the 10 years following the catastrophe." - Serdyuk and Bobyleva, 1998; Yablokov (2010)29

excess deaths following Chernobyl and other releases of radiation, and indicate that low-level radiation from fallout from nuclear testing and from nuclear reactors may have done far more damage to humans and other living things than previously thought. In particular, they show that the arrival of radiation in the U.S. in early May, 1986, from the Chernobyl disaster was followed almost immediately by an extraordinary force of mortality, amounting to perhaps 40,000 excess deaths in the summer months, especially in the month of May. Well, during that time I was working at the Point Reyes Bird Observatory and I was in charge of running the Palomarin Field Station which is located just outside the Bolinas, California, on the coast. One of the projects that we had going there was a project of mist netting birds. Mist nets – these large nets the birds fly into. We take them out of them and release them. They are unhurt. But by looking at the proportion of young in the catch you can get a measure of productivity and by conducting mark–recapture analyses of birds that we put a band on – and recapture – we can estimate survival. And that was the program I had going there. Specifically, we were looking at productivity as a function of the amount of winter rainfall we get here Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

189

"Typical complaints in the contaminated territories in the first year after the catastrophe included rapidly developing fatigue (59.6%), headache (65.5%), blood pressure instability (37.8%), abnormal dreaming (37.6%), and aching joints (30.2%)." - Buzunov et al., 1995; Yablokov (2010)29 "The total measure of the "health of thepopulation" (the sum of invalidism and morbidity) in the Russian part of the European Chernobyl territories worsened up to threefold during the 10 years after the catastrophe." - Tsyb, 1996; Yablokov (2010)29 "Children from radioactive contaminated provinces became ill much more often than children in "clean" regions. The greatest differences in morbidity are expressed in the class of illness labeled "symptoms, phenomena, and inexact designated conditions". - Kulakov et al., 1997; Yablokov (2010)29 "Health impact of radiation onto Russia Children from radioactive contaminated provinces became ill much more often than children in "clean" regions. The greatest differences in morbidity are expressed in the class of illness labeled "symptoms, phenomena, and inexact designated conditions." - Kulakov et al., 1997; Yablokov (2010)29

in California. Coastal California has a Mediterranean climate and virtually all of our rainfall occurs in winter months between late October and early April, mid-April, and so we thought that there would be a relationship between how much rainfall there was and how many young birds would be produced. And we did find such a relationship. With 10 years of data we found that maximum productivity – the most young – was produced at average rainfall conditions and as we got excess amounts of rain, as in El Niño, or low amounts of rain as in some La Niña, the productivity decreases. And that seems to be a evolutionary stable relationship and we had 10 years of data from 1976 through 1985 and we were in the process of getting it ready for publication and 1986 came, and we started not catching young birds. Not in the very beginning of the season, which we began on May 10th, but in June – about the 10th of June – the number of birds we caught started dropping dramatically. Now the birds you catch in mist nets – the young birds – are independent of their parents, which means that they have been fledged for about 3 weeks to a month; they are running around on their own. That’s when we began catching these birds. So as the number of young birds decreased in June, it indicated that something happened in early to mid-May that may have Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

190

"From 1995–1998 the annual prevalence of all registered diseases of children in the southwest districts of Bryansk Province (Cs-137 > 5 Ci/km2), was 1.5–3.3 times the provincial level as well as the level across Russia (Fetysov, 1999; Kuiyshev et al., 2001). In 2004 childhood morbidity in these districts was double the average for the province." - Sergeeva et al., 2005; Yablokov (2010)29

"Initially diagnosed childhood illnesses measured in 5-year periods for the years from 1981 to 2000 show an increase in the first two decades after the catastrophe." - Tsyb et al., 2006; Yablokov (2010)29 "The frequency of spontaneous abortions and miscarriages and the number of newborns with low birth weight were higher in the more contaminated Klintsy and Novozybkov districts of Bryansk Province." - Izhevsky and Meshkov, 1998; Yablokov (2010)29 "The number of low-birth-weight children in the contaminated territories was more than 43%; and the risk of birth of a sick child in this area was more than twofold compared with a control group: 66.4 ± 4.3% vs. 31.8 ± 2.8%." - Lyaginskaya et al., 2002; Yablokov (2010)29

the effect to their productivity. But it was astounding how few birds there were. I also had a project going in the Sierra, so I spent a week in the Sierra and then came back to Palamorin and the interns were running the nets. And I said, "How was it going? How many birds did you get? Thirty? Forty? " And they said, "Oh, three." "Three?!" "Ah, what, the nets got holes in them or something? Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s going on?"

Source: Yablokov et.al, Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment

Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

191

"In 1995 the level of disability among liquidators was triple that of corresponding groups (Russian Security Council, 2002), and in 1998 was four times higher (Romamenkova, 1998) some 15 years after the catastrophe, 27% of the Russian liquidators became invalids at an average age of 48 to 49 (National Russian Report, 2001). By the year 2004 up to 64.7% of all the liquidators of working age were disabled." - Zubovsky and Tararukhina, 2007; Yablokov (2010) 29

And so I went and walked with them on the net lanes and, in fact, there were, in fact, no young birds even to be seen. Usually you can squeak, you can psst and the young birds which are curious they come and try to see what’s happening, and there was just nothing there. And I thought, "Wow, that’s really strange but I’m sure things will pick up a little bit later." And it just got worse and worse and in July we began wondering what’s going on because this is nothing like other years. The first thing we did was look at the weather data that we had and look at the relationship we already established to predict how many young should we have that year. We should have about 10% above normal because the rainfall was a little bit above normal and in that range we get lots of young. And somebody suggested, "Oh, that must have been Chernobyl", and we all laughed about that. I said‚ "Yeah, right, of course, let’s really figure out what’s going on and let’s start looking at which birds are affected the most and whatever we can." By the time August came around, we had noticed a couple of things. First of all, the numbers of the young birds began increasing at the very end of the season, indicating that there was a period of a month and a half or so in which productivity was really poor. I guess it was almost 2 months that the productivity was really, really down. And then we started making new enquiries about what else happened and I talked to various people that I knew, and found that productivity in southern California seemed to be fine. The birds were producing well. Northern California had problems. They had very few young produced up in our Key Day area and, Donald Dahlsten, the professor at UC Berkeley, who worked in the Entomology Department and studied Chickadees as to determine their effects on eruptive insects in the Sierra had a nest box study of Chickadees on both the west side and the east side of the Sierra and he had, virtually, all the Chickadees dead in the nests on the west side in their nest boxes. Things were fine on the east side. He, being an entomologist monitoring the food supply, found that food supply was fine on both sides of the Sierra and they thought they were freaked out. They thought they are carrying some disease around Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

192

when they checked the young in various boxes and whatever and I said, "You know we have this really serious reproductive failure around the coast, too." "Well," somebody said, "You know, we’d better look a little more at this Chernobyl possibility," and so we began looking at it. You know, you can never really identify exactly the cause of these things but the hypothesis that we came up with – and that is published – is that radioactive iodine from Chernobyl that fell out over California when the Chernobyl cloud passed over and coincided with rain on May 6th – the rain fell only in Northern California and to the west side of the Sierra, but not on the east side of the Sierra that brought down radioactive iodine, which then coats all the vegetation: coats the grasses, coats everything, leaves... and in particular those species of birds that feed their young caterpillars, larvae, things that eat the new growth or eat vegetation were the once that were really affected. Two of our common species that were in Bolinas area were Warbling Vireo and Blackheaded Grosbeak – both of which feed their young with big juicy caterpillars – produced no young. Certainly we didn’t catch any young at Palomarin and we had no indication that there were any young produced at all of those species in these affected areas. Swallows that feed on flying insects that emerge from the water Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

193

Health impact of radiation onto other countries: GREAT BRITAIN. "In Wales, one of the regions most heavily contaminated by Chernobyl fallout, abnormally low birth weights (less than 1,500 g) were noted in 1986–1987." (Figure 3.6) - Busby, 1995 FINLAND. "There was an increase in the number of premature births just after the catastrophe." - Harjulehto et al., 1989; Yablokov (2010) 29 HUNGARY. "Among infants born in May – June 1986 there was a significantly higher number of lowbirth-weight newborns." - Wals and Dolk, 1990; Yablokov (2010)29 LITHUANIA. "Among liquidators (of whom 1,808 survived) morbidity was noticeably higher among those who were 45 to 54 years of age during their time in Chernobyl." - Burokaite, 2002; Yablokov (2010)29 SWEDEN. "The number of newborns with low birth weight was significantly higher in July 1986." - Ericson and Kallen, 1994; Yablokov (2010)29

seemed to be o.k., wood peckers that feed on the insects which are in the bark or inside the tree – both of which feed on detritus-based food rather than land-based primary productivity food webs – seemed to be fine. The distribution of the failure from the little data we had outside of the Palomarin was coincident where rainfall was coincident with the passage of the Chernobyl cloud. Everything indicated Chernobyl. There has never been another hypothesis suggested to explain it that cannot be ruled out, whether it’s weather, food supply, numbers of adults to produce the young, conditions of the winter range – all these things that we know now that affect birds, couldn’t be ruled out. The difficulty of that is that we have one available study at one place. What I got as a result of that was that I established The Institute of Bird Populations and the Maps Program which you can see here... (Dr. David DeSante points at his monitor) This is our newsletter this year. It’s a program of the same kind of mist netting that we did in Palomarin with which we try to look at the vital rates productivity and survival. But instead of having one station, now we’ve had as many as 500 stations in a year. Altogether there have been over 1000 map stations established across the U.S. and southern Canada and… so, I’ve already said that, next time something like this happens, we are ready to see if there is going to be any effect on the birds. Certainly not that I’m pleased about anything that might be coming our way… but it was the reproductive failure during that time that caused a 63-64% decrease in the number of young birds of all species and as I say, of those species that had the young in the nest right at the time when the nuclear cloud came over and that iodine fell out, apparently a 100% reproductive failure. The way it works, we think, is that a baby bird when it hatches, it looks like some unidentified thing it hardly looks like a bird. It looks like a fully naked creature with eyes closed; you cannot really say it’s a bird. 9 days later, that little creature can be flying out of the nest fully feathered, certainly not grown – it’s going to be 3 weeks dependent on its parent to feed it until it learns the ways of the world and is on its own – but still the rate of Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

194

development from that hatching to 9 or 10 days later, 11 days for a robin or something – a bigger bird – is really astounding and the reason that the development is so fast or what facilitates it is the thyroid and, of course, the thyroid is where the iodine goes to. It just picks up iodine. And that’s what these birds got. The iodine got concentrated in those caterpillars that grazed on the vegetation. Well, the thing about it is that there is also something else that grazes on vegetation that we know about and those are cows. The same thing happens with cows; they pick up this vegetation, this iodine, and they not only concentrate it in their body but also it gets concentrated again when they produce milk. And so people have used the radioactive iodine-131 in milk as a measure of how much radiation has fallen and the government has tested this milk, and has done it in the past and does it all along. Radioactive iodine is the one that it gets tested for. And so we know pretty well the amount of radioactive iodine that fell from Chernobyl in various places in the country, in various areas: south-east, north central, Pacific coast – that kind of stuff. From these testing stations they know exactly how many they have, but I was able to use that data and did a subsequent analysis that, actually, I didn’t publish, but presented it in a major meeting in 1990. At that that time, I was involved in creating the Institute for Bird Populations here but I looked at what’s called breeding bird survey data. The breeding bird survey data is a network of about 3000 rounds along secondary roads. They are 25 miles long and there is a stop every half mile on a half mile. You spend 3 minutes at each stop and count all the birds you hear and see. Mostly you hear on these birds. It’s been done since the late 1960’s. I looked at the breeding bird surveys and looked at the number of adult birds that were counted – the difference between 1985 and 1986 against the difference between 1986 and 1987. If there was a reproductive failure in 1986, that is, few birds produced, the population of adult birds in 1987 would be smaller. And so that difference between 1986 Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

195

and 1987 I compared to the difference between the previous years and I compared those in these various regions of the country and found that the biggest decline between two years that could have resulted from Chernobyl was nicely linearly correlated with the amount of radioactive iodine in milk. Might even have a lot rhythmic curve, but it was hard to tell. But definitely in those areas where there was more radioactive iodine, the population decreased in 1987 more than it did in other areas. The same kinds of studies were done by these folks: Jay Gould and Benjamin Goldman after Chernobyl, using vital rates data on humans rather than on birds and what they found was… and they used the same kind of an idea: they looked at how many excess deaths were there in one year compared to the previous year or compared to a ten years before, and what was the percentage increase in the number of deaths and what was the percentage decrease in the number of deaths and that difference is called excess deaths. It can be negative, which means mortality was less or it can be positive, which means that mortality is greater and they found a tremendous amount of excess deaths in humans in the United States in the four months past following Chernobyl, especially in May of 1986. And the total number of this is astounding! The total number of excess deaths in the United States during that period was as high as 40,000. Now, is all that due to Chernobyl or is any of that due to Chernobyl? That’s a hard question, but again this is an anomaly, even this coincidence with Chernobyl, this coincidence with the bird stuff that we found, and really needs to be considered. Those excess deaths primarily occurred in three groups of people. Infants. Infant mortality as to the first couple of weeks of life. Infant mortality had a huge spike and by huge spike it was like 6 per cent increase over any other year and that’s thousands of deaths. The very old. People over 65. There was a spike in deaths during May and then in June, July and August of 1986. And people whose immune deficiencies were compromised, whose immune systems were compromised; you would expect due to AIDS, due to pneumonia, due to other factors like that. So the very young and the old have not Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

196

fully developed or degraded immune systems. Anyone that had immunity system problems were affected by this radiation to a really large extent. And they were able to look at the amount of radioactive iodine across the country and found again a relationship: the greater amount of the radioactive iodine, the greater number of excess deaths, even the greater amount of infant mortality or the greater number of excess deaths of the old people and they also showed that it was not a linear increase, but was a logarithmic increase that is greater as you go from very low levels of radiation up to a little bit higher and then as you get up to high levels of radiation – although the effect is larger, the change is very small – so it’s a curve that goes like that (Dr. DeSante shows the curve in the video). And the problem is that people say there’s no effect of low level radiation… well, if you go to the effect that you know at high levels of radiation and on the straight line – extrapolation down to zero – you say, "Oh very low levels, you’re going to get very little", but if the curve actually looks like that, which is what it apparently looks like, and it’s collaborated with those response curves, as they call them, from Germany where the levels of radiation were a thousand times greater than in the United States, and yes, they told them the death was greater, but certainly not more than a thousand times greater or maybe five or ten times greater in these different categories. So, it really looks like, in fact, that Chernobyl was responsible for a huge peak of mortality during the summer of 1986 not only in birds but also humans and presumably in many other – most other – kinds of, we don’t know – vertebrates, warm blooded creatures, all animals, who knows – but now, potentially, we are facing something like this, again. An important thing about it is that low level radiation is a serious problem and particularly it seems to be when it’s ingested because when you ingest these radioactive particles, they’re continuing to bombard your immune system and so on as long as they’re Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

197

in you and if it’s cesium or strontium or something like that, we have half lives of thousands of years and you know, you’re contaminated for life. If it’s iodine it has a half life of only eight days and that’s the reason why we found an increase in productivity later in the season – because that half life is so small. The iodine was increased ten times above the background level, let’s say twenty times above the background levels; well, after eight days it’s only ten times above, after sixteen days it’s only five times above, and after another eight days, twenty-four days, it’s only two and a half times above, after thirty days it’s only… you, know, not even twice background levels. It gets down really rapidly. That’s why there was such a pulse of this mortality that lasted a relatively short time both in humans and in birds, although longer in humans. And they also had information indicating that none of it was an effect of excess mortality great in those four months right after Chernobyl, but nine months after Chernobyl there was another peak in infant mortality, suggesting that the fetuses that were conceived and were very young at the time of Chernobyl, were hurt so that nine months later there was another increase in infant mortality and that wasn’t due to the iodine or it could have been due to the iodine right at the time and affected the fetus then and so affected the mortality later, or there could have been other substances – cesium, strontium, whatever. Low level radiation is a problem. That’s the bottom line. It works in affecting the immune response, and it works through free radicals, and so… everyone that’s talking about cancer, 30 years from now, 20 years from now, sure those things are very possible but they’re also effects caused by the damage to the immune system that occurred immediately or after the response or after this dose. So, I guess that’s what we’re facing now and er…." (…)

Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

198

The interviewer: "Chernobyl was completely shut down to the atmosphere within 15 days…" Dr. DeSante: "12 or 15 days – something like that. They managed to cover it. Of course, almost all those people that did that heroic work died of acute radiation sickness shortly after. I mean… It was… I mean... Wow! I don’t know if they knew they were giving their lives or they had no choice or a combination of those things... But yes, it was kept so the radiation stopped. Japan probably won’t send their people to do that until who knows when. So it’s possible that this thing will keep on spouting radiation for a long time. Who knows what’s going to happen with it? It also, so much depends upon the wind and it may be that different products, different radionuclides were put off at different times. I know that it seems like the biggest batch of caesium and strontium went off in the first few days after the explosion and those clouds carried up into Lapland where Finland, Sweden, the Arctic world, the reindeers were very seriously dosed. People say, "Well if the radioactive iodine affected the breeding birds in California, why didn’t it affect the breeding birds in Lapland, in Sweden, in Finland?”, and the answer is simple that the birds were in their nests on May the 6th – the baby birds – and the baby birds that were in the nests up there were in late July or early August, so by that time the radioactive iodine hit it dropped down to almost background levels again, and so the effect actually might not be as great on baby birds up there as it was here. Note that the effect was on the adult birds or anything like by cesium or strontium or something. Maybe. You know, certain reindeer were affected much greater in Lapland than deer in California or anything like that, so different animals, different times in their life circle or differentially subjected to effects of radiation and yeah, we don’t know… we don’t know a lot about it, and there has been, well….

Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

199

This book Deadly Deceit calls it a high level cover-up. You know, I don’t know the details of that, but it is that they do show data in here to show that the vital statistics were changed dramatically after every one of the nuclear accident, whether the Savannah River stuff in 1971 or Three Mile Island in 1979, or Chernobyl in 1986. The statistics of birds and deaths, infant mortality and so on got changed and they always got revised. They get revised even up to a year afterwards when they are revised as to the point of residency rather that to the point of death. A person dies in a plane crash in North Carolina but lives in California. That gets revised as to these kinds of deaths and stuff. But the revisions are always really small. They’re statistically –generally – statistically insignificant, that is this month is revised up and the next month revised down, so when you look over a longer period of time the revisions tied up, you know… go to zero… like birth certificates, etc. But it’s really interesting that after each of the major releases of radiation there were 45 thousand new births recorded in 4 months after Chernobyl in California in the published data than in the original data. You know… I mean like … wait a minute! And when they asked them, they say, "Oh yeah, there was a big computer failure or we changed the methods of doing this stuff and." I mean… I can’t … I just look at the data… I can’t accuse anybody of anything, but all you have to do is to listen to the news and you’ll see what people are saying in terms of "oh there is nothing that can go wrong, it can’t happen here, there’s nothing to worry about, you don’t even have to wash the vegetables" or any of that kind of stuff. The corporate media – mostly that, I guess – and people that will make money out of nuclear plans and everything are, of course, going to make it seem like there is nothing to worry about – they are downplaying a lot. And that kind of dishonesty is criminal because people are going to suffer and die from it. I personally think – from what I hear – that it’s going to get worse over there and there’s going to be, if there isn’t already, a pretty large release of radiation and if there are

Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

200

releases of radiation it’s definitely going to get here because that’s the way the wind blows, that’s the way the Earth turns, and it’s going to have an effect. Basically, you know, they talk about radiation not having much effect above background levels. Well, the fact of the matter is that background levels have an effect and we’ve been facing humans and all other animals that have been involved in. One of the problems we are facing in the environment is background levels of radiation. And so as soon as you rise up background levels above normal, you increase the problem a little bit. So there will be deleterious results to animals, humans regardless. That’s going to happen because we’ve simply raised the radiation amount. How much it is depends on so many things: on wind direction, when it gets here, whether it coincides with rain – all kinds of factors like that. Yes, Bob Dylan said it all, "A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall." Stay out of the rain? What else can I say! You know… I mean… Yeah, it’s a… We’ll see what happens. At least if there is some reproductive failure, we’re going to pick it up at some 400 map stations across the country, and maybe we’ll be able to correlate it with iodine in milk if they still measure it or whatever, you know, who knows. Good luck! That’s all I got to say. Good luck!"

Reference: David Desante, Ph.D. EON Ecological Option Network, www.eon3.net.

201

"Look what happened when the mother was contaminated with Caesium-90 during pregnancy … in one single family. Look how many deformations –hare-lips, missing eyes, deformed skulls. I was horrified by how many deformed embryos developed in animals that had eaten Caesium contaminated food. I obtained a horrible number of deformations in 2 weeks. Usually, when you encounter a "monster", you describe it. You’re certainly familiar with Peter the Great’s Kunstkamera museum in Saint-Petersburg. Quite frankly, l myself could create as many "monsters" as l wanted." - Dr. Youri Bandajevski has been studying illnesses among the populations in the contaminated areas ever since the disaster. When his findings were published in 1996, they were immediately condemned. Arrested and officially sentenced for "corruption", he spent the next five years in jail. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary8

202

"According to data from the Belarusian Ministry of Public Health, just before the catastrophe (in 1985), 90% of children were considered "practically healthy". By 2000 fewer than 20% were considered so, and in the most contaminated Gomel Province, fewer than 10% of children were well." - Nesterenko, 2004); Yablokov (2010)29 "In 1993, only 9.5% of children (0 to 4 years old at the time of the catastrophe) were healthy in areas within the Kormyansk and Chechersk districts of Gomel Province, where soil Cs-137 levels were higher than 5 Ci/km2. Some 37% of the children there suffer from chronic diseases. The annual increase in disease (per 1,000, for 16 classes of illnesses) in the heavily contaminated areas reached 102â&#x20AC;&#x201C;130 cases, which was considerably higher than for less contaminated territories." - Gutkovsky et al., 1995; Bletâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ko et al., 1995); Yablokov (2010)29

203

"In the years from 1988 to 2002, among adult evacuees the number of "healthy" fell from 68 to 22% and the number "chronically ill" rose from 32 to 77%." - National Ukrainian Report, 2006); Yablokov (2010) 29 "In Ukraine in the 15 to 18 years after the catastrophe there has been a steady increase in the numbers of invalid children: 3.1 (per 1,000) in 2000, 4.0 in 2002, 4.5 in 2003, and 4.57 in 2004." - Stepanova, 2006a; Figure 3.3; Yablokov (2010) 29

204

"Chernobyl is a word we would all like to erase from our memory. It opened a Pandora’s box of invisible enemies and nameless anxieties in people’s minds, but which most of us probably now think of as safely relegated to the past. Yet there are two compelling reasons why this tragedy must not be forgotten. First, if we forget Chernobyl, we increase the risk of more such technological and environmental disasters in the future. Second, more than seven million of our fellow human beings do not have the luxury of forgetting. They are still suffering, every day, as a result of what happened 14 years ago. Indeed, the legacy of Chernobyl will be with us, and with our descendants, for generations to come." - Kofi Annan, April 2000

"How many years is this going to go on? 800 years? 800 years… Until the next Jesus Christ is born. Until he’s returned?

Yes... Chernobyl played an important role for us all. We must strengthen international cooperation and create international scientific centers to find new sources of energy which are safer. That’s the essential issue." - Mikhael Gorbachev, Fmr. First Secretary – USSR. ("The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary) 8

205

"I won’t wish for anyone. Not my friends or my enemies to experience such a tragedy. No one deserves to live through what we did in Chernobyl. We are all human beings and no one deserves that. ... Using weapons is a terrible thing. And nuclear weapons are even worse. Chernobyl was an accident involving only one single reactor. A limited accident whose consequences are still with us. We’ve had two bombs – Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Their consequences are still being felt even today." - Nikolai Antochkin, General of the USSR Air Force. "The True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8 "Chernobyl showed us the true nature of nuclear energy in human hands. We had calculated that our most powerful missile, the SS18 was as powerfull as 100 Chernobyls. The SS18 was the warhead, the Americans feared the most and we had 27 hundred of them. And these were the missiles we intended for the Americans. 27 hundred. Imagine the destruction... Chernobyl convinced everyone. Soviets and Americans alike. They realised once and for all the magnitude of the atomic volcanoes our country was sitting upon. Not just our 2 countries but the entire world. The entire world." - Mikhael Gorbachev, Fmr. First Secretary – USSR. "True Battle of Chernobyl" documentary. 8

206

Did Chernobyl give us enough experience to change the way we produce energy? Let’s have a look at the lesson summary. 200 tons of radioactive corium making hell on earth; 30 tons of highly contaminated dust causing pain and suffering to millions of people around the world; 16 tons of uranium and plutonium contributing to cancer epidemics; 784,320 hectares of agricultural and 694,200 hectares of forest land destroyed.27 In total, 700,000 people involved in the clean-up operation,24 out of which 100,000 were troops, 25 80 combat choppers throwing 500,000 tons of bentonite clay,26 boric acid, and dolomite; 400,000 m3 of concrete. Every device became contaminated and was never used again. $13 billion in total spent. Collapsed economy turning the world’s super force into a trash can. Abandoned and inhabitable places on earth. Cancer and cardiovascular epidemics. Sick, crippled, and mutated population all around the world. An optimistic death toll statistic of close to a million can be considered a definite NO GO. NUCLEAR ENERGY is just out of our reach! In fact, it is the worst possible case scenario a country can witness: a war against an invisible enemy.

207

Dr Brian Meonch writes, "So far one million people from around the world have already died from Chernobyl radiation, including over 110,000 of the original 830,000 cleanup workers." How fatal will Fukushima be? 1 "Fukushima is the biggest industrial catastrophe in the history of mankind," - Arnold Gundersen, a former nuclear industry senior vice president to Al Jazeera2 "Situation in Japan truly is "as serious as it gets in a nuclear disaster." Various atomic experts are now in agreement (…). Even the Japanese government itself is now admitting the grave reality of the situation." - NaturalNews.com3

Yes. Now the magic question comes, "Have we learned the lesson?" Not really. "Have we moved into alternative sources, such as water, wind or solar energy?" Not really. "Have we learned anything?" No, the wicked authorities, media and consumers have been showing 100% ignorance. The same old technology, the same dirty warfare concept remains. Life gave us the opportunity to learn lessons from the tragedy that happened 25 years ago. But because of greed, ignorance and lack of information, the world has witnessed a new tragedy which continues spreading diseases worldwide. An even more catastrophic event happened not a long time ago. On the 11th of March, 2011 Japan got hit by an earthquake of 9.0+ Richter scale with the epicenter about 70 km (-43 mi) off the coast 32 km (20 miles) underwater. It was one of the most powerful earthquakes to have hit Japan in history, and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world. It struck with such force that the entire Japan jumped an incredible 4m (-13ft) towards the

208

"(Fukushima) currently out of control," - Professor Christopher Busby from the European Committee on Radiation Risks. He also said, "Of course, it’s time for the Japanese government to take control. But having said that, it’s very hard to know, how you could take control of the situation. The situation is essentially out of control. "I believe personally that it’s a global problem – and not the Japanese government’s problem only." - RT – Question More 4

"Chernobyl accident is "a shocking reminder of the reality of the nuclear threat"." - Prime Minister of the former Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. 11

"...those shattered chromosome strands and those genes, lost or distorted as a result of radiation are already a part of the future." - The Truth about Chernobyl, by Grigori Medvedev. 12

U.S., and the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s axis was also slightly shifted. This planetary event triggered an extremely destructive tsunami wave of up to 38.9 meters (128 ft) high, traveling up to 10 km (- 6 miles) inland. The tsunami barrier of the Fukushima Daiichi power plant was not built to cope with tsunami waves of such dimensions, which struck the place. Destructing both the emergency back-up diesel generators and the water pumps, large as a semi-detached house, the power plant was not able to cool down its reactor. In case of an accident the generators would normally back-up the reactors with cooling water, pumping million gallons of water in a minute to each of six reactors. 28 Unfortunately, all of them were destroyed by the tsunami. So there was no way to keep the water circulating in the reactors. Logically, without a generator there is no cooling water. And without water, the reactors melt. This scenario is very similar to running a car without a water pump. 28 The pistons melt and the engine gets stuck.

209

"The nuclear power industry survives through secrecy and deceit, having kept private some 150 significant radiation leaks at nuclear power stations over the world." - Prime Minister Mikhail Gorbachev. 11 "We have paid for the peace of the planet with the lives and health of thousands of compatriots." - Viktor Yanukovych, the President of Ukraine. 13 "But not a single nation, even the most powerful, can overcome the consequences of a catastrophe of such a scale by itself." - V. Yanukovych, the President of Ukraine. 13 "Chernobyl was a challenge of planetary dimensions. The answer to this challenge can be provided only by the world community." - Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine. 13

What happened is that the rods became so hot, that they melted the same way as in Chernobyl in 1986. This led to the full meltdown, and hydrogen gas began to build up in the containment vessels. Constructors were counting with this situation, and for this worst-case scenario they specially installed three independent emergency vents to release the steam after it builds up. Guess what? All of the vents miraculously FAILED to release the steam... The situation went critical, which led to three massive hydrogen explosions blowing off the roof, and tearing the three power plants apart – a scenario very similar to what happened in Chernobyl, but SEVERAL TIMES WORSE! 29 The explosion blew the buildings up in the sky, exposing their storage fuel pools into day-light. What fuel pools? Oh, have I forgotten to mention the storage fuel pools? Let me explain it. Fukushima Daiichi power plant contained storage pools, which were holding the spent fuel since the beginning of operation of the plant – which has been about 40 years so far.

210

"(Nov, 2011) The silence of governments and the world press about the radiation dangers from Fukushima is alarming to say the least. We have an open nuclear sore on the planet, a radioactive boil that continues to burst casting a toxic shadow on the people of Japan and a few other billion people who happen to live in the northern hemisphere(…). Japan’s Fukushima prefecture began health check-ups of 360,000 children amid worries that radiation exposed them to the risk of thyroid abnormalities. The screenings began after a recent unofficial survey reported that 10 out of 130 children evacuated from Fukushima had hormonal and other irregularities in the thyroid glands. Radiation fears are now a daily fact of life, with reported cases of contaminated water, beef, vegetables, tea and seafood due to the Fukushima crisis." - NaturalNews.com.14 Yomiuri newspaper described a "melt-through" as being "far worse than a core meltdown" and "the worst possibility" in a nuclear accident. - By Julian Ryall, Tokyo, Telegraph. Japan's Daily Yomiuri DY7 "Meanwhile, a nuclear waste advisor to the Japanese government reported that about 966 square kilometres near the power station – an area roughly 17 times the size of Manhattan – is now likely uninhabitable. In the US, physician Janette Sherman MD and epidemiologist Joseph Mangano published an essay shedding light on a 35 per cent spike in infant mortality in northwest cities that occurred after the Fukushima meltdown, and may well be the result of fallout from the stricken nuclear plant." - Aljazeera 88

We are talking about HUGE RADIOACTIVE SWIMMING POOLS, filled with nuclear rods beneath 10m (30 feet) of water. The radioactivity of each of the storage pool is 10 times higher than the one in the reactor. They are the holders of the largest concentrations of radioactivity on this planet. There is enough material to build more than 2,000 nuclear bombs from the spent fuel pool â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which is more than from the spent fuel coming from all the nuclear tests during the Cold War! These pools are the EXTREME OF THE EXTREMES. Fukushima Daiichi, like every other power plant, cools its rods and it is done in these diabolic swimming pools onsite. They are filled with hundreds of tons of spent fuel rods. Every year the company removes about 30 tons (60,000lbs) of these super radioactive rods, whereas each of the rods is about 4m (12ft) long and about half an inch thick. The rods are 4 meters (12ft) long and 1 centimeter (- half an inch) thick. And each of these spent rods gives radiation to kill you within minutes. If you keep standing next to it for a while, you will die a painful death. Your hair would fall out; you would start vomiting, release bloody stool, and eventually you would bleed to death. Or, if unlucky, you would be dying on massive infections for months, similar to how the AIDS patients die. A painful death with no dignity. The rods are thermally very hot, so they have to be stored in large pools and cooled for years. In addition to that, the pools have no roof at all. They are open-air pools! All would be neat, but the pervasive part of the story is that the constructors built the cooling pools containing hundreds of tons of spent fuel directly under the roof of each of the reactors!!! To place a large swimming pool holding the most nasty stuff on the Earth above a boiling nuclear 211

reactor looks either like architectural terrorism or a vicious joke to me! To perform such a mistake clearly reflects the discovery of a reptilian mid-brain of some highly educated individuals who made a mistake and those who allowed this flaw in design to happen! Do you think that the Japanese made the mistake? Well, let me make a note that the design arrived from the United States of America, and many reactors using this model are spread around the world. We are dealing with ticking time-bombs placed all around the world, ready to explode. There is a clear message which we should take seriously into consideration! I think the reality speaks volumes here! Two cooling pools are stock dry... They have no water in them. It’s April 2011 today, and two of these cooling pools are burning. And if you don’t have 80 military choppers, and a super loyal infantry like in Chernobyl, they are going to burn for a VERY long time. Each cooling pool emits 10-20 times more radiation than each reactor core!30 In each reactor core there is as much radiation as produced by 72,000 Hiroshima size bombs.29, 31, 32 This is madness. Never in my life would I have thought that I would see this happen. Chernobyl was known to be the worst disaster, and kept its rank for 25 years. Now, a new and a far more destructive event took place in Japan, which literally rocked the world. The consequences of the war with Chernobyl remain unresolved until today, and they will remain unresolved for the next hundreds of years to come. The most serious example of the public’s exposure to radiation from a nuclear power plant, the Chernobyl disaster, loses its No.1 rank in the history of nuclear accidents. If you thought it couldn’t get worse, you were 212

wrong! Something worse than Chernobyl was set off in 2011 and it set its course against the mankind. It’s bigger, it’s more violent, it’s out of control, and there is nothing that can stop the diabolic radiation from spreading around the world! THE BOTTOM LINE: Both the earthquake and the hydrogen explosions threw reactors number 1, 2 and 3 with their storage pools, including storage pools of the unit 5 and 6, in the air, causing unimaginable amounts of radioactive fluid to escape into the environment, mainly into the Pacific Ocean. The mother of all life on this planet is being contaminated with diabolic radiation! In comparison to the Chernobyl core, which the miners were able to isolate from leaking into the ground water, the reactor core at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant melted all the way through, reaching the ground water. Think about it: approximate 1,500 tons (-3 000 000lbs) of fuel containing plutonium uranium oxide (the most vicious radioactive element known to man) burned all the way through the steel and concrete, reaching the ground water and soil, continuing to be released for the next hundreds, even thousands of years to come.

213

Tokyo, the capital city of Japan, the home of 13 million people, though 200 km away from Fukushima Daiichi, is found to be heavily contaminated. The soil in Tokyo’s parks is so contaminated that in the U.S. it would be considered nuclear waste. We are talking about a catastrophe far beyond Chernobyl’s imagination. This is now a scientifically proven fact that radiation has spread inland, since highly-radioactive sewage was found more than 30 miles inland. The readings were taken about 20 miles off shore, showing radiation already 10 times higher (and increasing) than the readings taken from the Baltic and Black Seas after the Chernobyl disaster. As far as the world’s oceans are concerned, the Fukushima power plant is shaping up to be a catastrophe dwarfing Chernobyl! The dimensions of the fuel contained by the reactor cores that have escaped into the environment are as follows: 400 t (800,000 lbs) in Unit 1; 548 t (3,096,000 lbs) in Unit 2; 548 t (1,096,000lbs) in Unit 3.

214

"About 35 per cent spike of infant mortality happened in northwest cities of Japan after the Fukushima incident. This is probably the result of a fallout from the stricken nuclear plant." Janette Sherman MD and epidemiologist Joseph Mangano "Rising levels of Iodine-131, Caesium134, and Caesium-137 up to 300% of maximum limits. Hawaii milk samples showed radiation 800% above normal for Caesium-134, 633% for Caesium-137, and 600% for Iodine-131. Water contamination measured over 20 times acceptable levels. Mainland amounts are also rising, including in air, soil, grass, milk, spinach, strawberries, and other foods." - Environmental Protection Agency data 9 Political and energy experts describe nothing short of a nationwide loss of faith, not only in Japan’s once-vaunted nuclear technology but also in the government, which many blame for allowing the accident to happen. "There is no safe level of radionuclide exposure, whether from food, water or other sources, period! Exposure to radionuclides, such as Iodine-131 and Caesium-137, increases the risk of cancer. For this reason, every effort must be taken to minimize the radionuclide content in food and water." - Jeff Patterson, former president of Physicians for Social Responsibility, Rense.com 10

Chernobyl vs. Fukushima Daiichi comparison Table Category

Chernobyl

Fukushima Daiichi

INES Rating

INES 7 5.2 million Terabecquerels.

INES 7 +++ Unknown.

Date of accident

26 April 1986

11 March 2011

Equivalent to

500x "Little Boy" bomb (21kt)

2000x "RDS-7" bomb (500kton)

Accident cause

A super man-made screw-up. Ignored safety measures.

Combination of earthquake and tsunami. Suspicious failure of emergency features of the plant.

Reactor

Reactor Fuel

180–190t

100t

28t

52t

204t

48t

64t

Spent Fuel

none

292t

587t

514t

1331t

946t

876t

Fuel Type

RBMK reactor type fueled by slightly enriched Uranium dioxide fuel.

Mark 1 Ge reactors fueled by Uranium and Plutonium Uranium (MOx) Fuel.

Damage

Reactor at unit no. 4 – meltdown followed by an explosion leading to devastating contamination of the inland. The reactor core did not melt through the containment, therefore did not leak into the environment.

Reactor 1 – Full melt-through Reactor 2 – Full melt-through Reactor 3 – Full melt-through Reactor 4 – Storage pools damaged, leaking Reactor 5 – Spent storage pools leaking Reactor 6 – Spent storage pools leaking

Source: California Institute of Technology, Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, Japanese authorities, UNSCEAR. 86

215

Chernobyl vs. Fukushima Comparison THE FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI DISASTER Area Contamination: The survey of 2,200 locations within the radius of 100 km (62 mi) near the crippled plant found that these locations had caesium-137 in excess of 1.48 million becquerels per square meter, the level set by the Soviet Union for forced resettlement after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. A top secret document was hidden from the public telling that in this scenario the evacuation should have covered 250 km radius reaching to Tokyo, which is also contaminated. Radiation in Rainwater: According to Massachusetts commissioner of public health John Auerbach, radioiodine-131 was found in a sample of rainwater. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been performing tests statewide in conjunction with state health officials. Nevada, California, Pennsylvania, Washington, and other states have shown similar levels of radioiodine-131. Japan radiation detected in US rainwater 73 Radiation in Drinking Water: The Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (IEER) suggested that the U.S. government monitoring was critical because, by its calculations, contamination from the accident is reaching a very high level, on par with Chernobyl, the worst nuclear disaster ever. "Total releases of radioactive iodine-131 and caesium-137 from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi reactors in Japan now appear to rival Chernobyl," stated IEER in a press release 74

216

THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER Area Contamination: The most contaminated zone had a radius of 30 km (19 mi) from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. www.wikipedia.org 36

Radiation in Rainwater: Major Aleksei Grushin repeatedly took aircrafts to the skies above Chernobyl and Belarus and used artillery shells filled with silver iodide to make rain clouds that would "wash out" radioactive particles drifting towards densely populated cities. More than 4,000 square miles of Belarus were sacrificed to save the Russian capital from the toxic radioactive material. Richard Gray, How we made the Chernobyl rain 37 Radiation in Drinking Water: 190 tons of toxic materials were expelled into the atmosphere.87 About 3,900,000 km2 of Europe were contaminated by caesium-137 (above 4,000 Bq/m2), which is 40% of the surface area of Europe. Curiously, this latter figure does not appear to have been published, and, certainly, has never reached the publicâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s consciousness in Europe. THE OTHER REPORT ON CHERNOBYL (TORCH). 87

THE FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI DISASTER Radiation in Meat: Japan’s government plans to suspend all cattle shipments from Fukushima after the country’s second-biggest retailer reported it had sold beef from cattle that ate nuclear-contaminated feed – Reuters reports. "The most likely outcome is that we will ban beef shipments," said Goshi Hosono, the cabinet minister responsible for the nuclear clean-up. The government acknowledged that the beef problem could be wider than just Fukushima. Japan Warns Of Contaminated Beef from Fukushima 75 Radiation in Milk: New milk samples in Hawaii show radiation in milk at 800% above limits for C-134, 633% above limits for C137 and 600% above EPA maximum for I-131 for a total of 2033%, or 20.33 times above the federal drinking water limits. Japan Nuclear Radiation in Hawaii Milk 2033% Above Federal Drinking Water Limits 76 Caesium in Breast Milk: Japan’s Ministry of Health detected a minute amount of radioactive materials in breast milk in mothers in central and northeastern Japan. Minute levels of radiation detected in breast milk, Daily life in Tokyo 77

217

THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER Radiation in Meat: In Sweden, the National Food Administration (SLV) was delegated to convert dosages set by the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI) into limits for specific foods. The SLV immediately declared reindeer meat, wild game, and inland fish with a 300-bequerel/kilogram (Bq/kg) count or higher to be unsafe for human consumption, and therefore unmarketable. Melanie Blackwell, Effects of the Chernobyl Disaster on Saami Life 88 Radiation in Milk: In some provinces over 20% of all dairy milk is dangerously contaminated. Children receive the highest exposures to caesium, as they tend to ingest more dairy products than adults, and their still-growing bones absorb more pollutants from their food. http://www.chernobyl.info 70 Caesium in Breast Milk: Radioactivity in human breast milk was found in women by means of a germanium detector. At this time radioactivity increased again by feeding the hay to the cattle harvested in the weeks following the disaster of Chernobyl. NCBI, PubMed.gov 71

THE FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI DISASTER The nature of the disaster: Fukushima is still boiling its radionuclides all over Japan. Physical: Chernobyl was a one reactor meltdown. Fukushima had three reactors that melted down. Chernobyl was landlocked in a relatively desolate area. The heaviest radiation was in the sparsely inhabited area near the plant, although air currents contaminated Northern Europe and Western Russia as well. Nuclear expert says Fukushima radiation coming to USA, massive cover-up under way 78

218

THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER The nature of the disaster: Chernobyl went up in one go and Fukushima is worse. Physical: Fukushima is a small densely populated island in Japan. It seems that there are going to be more cancer victims and food contamination with this disaster than in Chernobyl. The Fukushima plants are situated on the Pacific Ocean coast. Millions of gallons of contaminated water are dumped into the Pacific in addition to radiation particles floating in air streams. So the ocean currents are assisting the air currents, exposing the world to excessive radiation. The sea life is getting contaminated as well. The most dangerous radiation comes from radioactive particles ingested with contaminated food. Nuclear expert says Fukushima radiation coming to USA 78

Death Rate: 1/3 of tested children have lump thyroids after less than a year. A new age of thyroid cancer is on the rise. Physician Janette D. Sherman, M. D., and epidemiologist Joseph Mangano penned a short but horrifying essay asking whether a spike in infant deaths in the Northwest are due to Fukushima. "The recent CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report indicates that eight cities in the northwest U.S. (Boise ID, Seattle WA, Portland OR, plus the northern California cities of Santa Cruz, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Jose, and Berkeley) reported the following data on deaths among those younger than one year of age: 4 weeks ending: March 19, 2011 – 37 deaths (avg. 9.25 per week) 10 weeks ending: May 28, 2011 – 125 deaths (avg. 12.50 per week). This amounts to an increase of 35% (the total for the entire U.S. rose about 2.3%), and is statistically significant. Of further significance is that those dates include four weeks before and ten weeks after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant disaster. In 2001 the infant mortality was 6.834 per 1,000 live births, increasing to 6.845 in 2007. All years from 2002 to 2007 were higher than the 2001 rate." (Janette D. Sherman, M. D. and epidemiologist Joseph Mangano; Physician and Epidemiologist Say 35% Spike in Infant Mortality in Northwest Cities Since Meltdown Might Be the Result of Fallout from Fukushima 80 Similar findings are also seen in wildlife, especially with birds living in areas with increased radioactive fallout levels. 80

219

Death Rate: Data from Chernobyl, which exploded 25 years ago, show clearly increased numbers of sick and weak newborns and increased numbers of newborns deaths, especially soon after the meltdown. These occurred in Europe as well as the former Soviet Union. Similar findings are also seen in wildlife, living in areas with increased radioactive fallout levels. Chernobyl – Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment 79 Levels of radioisotopes were measured in children who had died in the Minsk area that had received Chernobyl fallout. The cardiac findings were the same as those seen in test animals that had been administered Cs-137. Bandashevsky, Y. I, Pathology of Incorporated Ionizing Radiation, Belarus Technical University, Minsk, p. 136, 1999. (For his pioneering work, Prof. Bandashevsky was arrested in 2001 and imprisoned for five years of an eight year sentence. (Janette D. Sherman, M. D. and epidemiologist Joseph Mangano; Physician and Epidemiologist say 35% Spike in Infant Mortality in Northwest Cities Since Meltdown Might Be the Result of Fallout from Fukushima 80 )

FUKUSHIMA = 2,000 Atomic Bombs Killer Contamination Spreads Worldwide Without Opposition (The following information is an excerpt from: Fukushima = 2,000 bombs, Veteran’s Today, Posted by Bob Nichols, Veteranstoday.com)

"Radioactive contamination equivalent to the Fukushima disaster in terms of the hated "Mushroom Cloud" of an atomic bomb is two thousand (2,000) of 500 kiloton atomic bombs.* Each 500kt atomic bomb is 33 times bigger than the American bomb that destroyed Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. President G. Bush often referred to the well-known "mushroom cloud" as a terrorist signature. Nope, just a standard operating procedure (SOP) in the stationary nuclear weapons business, otherwise known worldwide as "Nuclear Power Reactors." Except, in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear weapons, the "mushroom" portion is invisible and has engulfed the whole world with 70 billion Radioactive Lethal Doses* – so far. There’s more on the way. Truly, it is as if the entire world is at war! The dreaded all-out nuclear war that would happen if Russia or the United States accidentally "pressed the button" is going on right now; it is a done deal. Imagine that! The same thing as detonating 2,000 big atomic bombs and not even one "BOOM!" Not a shot fired, yet we could all die! 220

"With Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, and now with Fukushima, you can pinpoint the exact day and time they started, but they never end." - Arnie Gundersen, a licensed reactor operator with 39 years of nuclear power engineering experience, Aljazeera2, 20 "The units are still leaking. The difference in the picture, though, it was cold in March so you could see steam, sort of like breathing on a cold day. Now, it’s hot, so you don’t see the steam coming out of the plant. But there’s still emitting of radioactive gases, and an enormous amount of radioactive liquid..." - Arnie Gundersen, CNN Live15, 20 "Fukushima is about as stable as "hang(ing) by your fingernails off a cliff, and (they’re) begin(ning) to break one by one." - Physics Professor Michio Kaku headlined his article, "Hanging by your fingernails The Fukushima Meltdown."17

No giant forest fires, no burning cities creating their own hellish, uncompromising firestorms. None of that, but every bit of the radioactive contamination which a Nuclear World War would create and probably more. For unbelievably, there are more Japanese reactors about to blow. It’s a chain reaction. Yeah, this is what Veterans Today talk about, radiation from 2,000 kill-you-dead nukes. It remains a thinly veiled secret of the nuclear powers that it only takes about 300 one megaton nukes to target the entire world. Typically, the world’s nuclear weapons arsenals were originally built with a 350-year shelf life for major components. In fact, the radioactive materials are "safer" locked away securely in heavily guarded atomic bombs, than in loosely managed reactors run by utility companies for supposedly "peace time" purposes. For now, we all wait and try to avoid the 10 radioactive particles set free for each of us on Earth, from Fukushima’s triggered stationary nuclear weapons. Feel free to figure out how to dodge lethal, airborne particles you can’t see.

221

"We are all in grave danger! This was insanity! This radioactive water will come here (to America). There is no question about that. The currents will bring it to the west coast and contaminate the entire area: beaches and all sea life between the coast and Japan. What evaporates naturally will then come on the air currents around the rest of the US and then the rest of the planet!" "This is epic, and it was not an accident." - Dr. Ilya Perlingieri, an environmental researcher18 "But it is going to take a very long time before the fuel can be removed from the reactor. Dealing with the cracking and compromised structure and dealing with radiation in the area will take several years, there's no question about that." - Dr. Ramana, Aljazeera2, 20 "Unit four is the most dangerous, it could topple," he said. "After the earthquake in Sumatra there was an 8.6 [aftershock] about 90 days later, so we are not out of the woods yet. And you’re at a point where, if that happens, there is no science for this, no one has ever imagined having hot nuclear fuel lying outside the fuel pool. They’ve not figured out how to cool units three and four." - Arnold Gundersen, a former nuclear industry Senior Vice president with 39 years of nuclear engineering experience, Aljazeera2

So far, the Fukushima disaster for planet Earth is by no means resolved. The officials at TEPCO (the Tokyo Electric Power Company) and General Electric, makers of the reactors that created this worldwide killer invisible mist, say that they might get a handle on the situation in "six to nine months [1]." 2,000 of these B-83 nukes would do the same contamination Fukushima has done already. There are more reactors set to blow up. The seven billion people on Earth don’t have "six to nine months." Every single day that goes by the radioactive Fukushima volcano slaughters more of us – silently with deadly radiation now or, years from now, with the inevitable cancer pandemic that will follow. The ten thousand trillion counts [2] of radiation gushing forth per hour bring mortal illness to many of us. Yes, maybe even for most of us our own deaths are written on the Fukushima radioactive volcano wind. Make no mistake about it. Many of us will die from the Fukushima Nuclear Weapon. Go ahead, try to read the wind. You must have a

222

"Units one through three have nuclear waste on the floor, the melted core, that has Plutonium in it, and that has to be removed from the environment for hundreds of thousands of years," he said. "Somehow, robotically, they will have to go in there and manage to put it in a container and store it for infinity, and that technology doesn’t exist. Nobody knows how to pick up the molten core from the floor, there is no solution available now for picking that up from the floor." - Arnold Gundersen, a former nuclear industry Senior Vice president with 39 years of nuclear engineering experience, Aljazeera2, 20 "Until we know how to safely dispose of the radioactive materials generated by nuclear plants, we should postpone these activities so as not to cause further harm to future generation. To do otherwise is simply an immoral act, and that is my belief, both as a scientist and as a survivor of the Hiroshima atomic bombing." - Dr Sawada, Aljazeera2

radiation monitor to even start. A good one costs $400. The price excludes most of us. About $400, give or take, is the price of admission to the exclusive club that will be able to chart the disaster at home, and take measures accordingly to protect them as much as possible. The oft foretold Nuclear World War has just happened; many of us are walking dead already. Do you want to take an action before you or someone you know is dead from the Fukushima nuclear weapon? A Theoretical Physics Professor and noted author, Dr. Michiu Kaku already told CNN and the world what the solution is to the Fukushima disaster. It is pretty simple really, not rocket science. After all, it is already completely worked out, we have seen this before. It is Chernobyl on a grand scale. Remember, as Albert Einstein said, "There are no secrets." The facts of Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima are all known. There is no mystery, there are no excuses; in short, there is no other way. Bomb the fuck out of the Fukushima Killing Machine. Get off your asses and do it. It

223

"We are discovering hot particles everywhere in Japan, even in Tokyo," he said. "Scientists are finding these everywhere. Over the last 90 days these hot particles have continued to fall and are being deposited in high concentrations. A lot of people are picking these up in car engine air filters." Arnold Gundersen, www.fairewinds.com

"So ten to 15 years from now maybe we can say the reactors have been dismantled, and in the meantime you wind up contaminating the water. We are already seeing Strontium [at] 250 times the allowable limits in the water table at Fukushima. Contaminated water tables are incredibly difficult to clean. So I think we will have a contaminated aquifer in the area of the Fukushima site for a long, long time to come." Arnold Gundersen, www.fairewinds.com "After all the shouting is over, the grim silence of facts remain." - Busby quoted Joseph Conrad "The nuclear industry is waging a war against humanity." - Professor John Gofman, a senior US Atomic Energy Commission expert20

takes aircraft, sand, boron, water, concrete, and the simple will to "Chernobyl the Reactors [3]." Politicians worldwide will either kill the reactors or they won’t. Talk is cheap. Life is even cheaper. We must kick their asses at the first and every opportunity; we must punish them and not give up until we see the reactors dead. Go for it."

Radioactive Particles in a Nutshell There are several radioactive particles that will seriously threaten your health if you get in touch with them. #1 Radioactive URANIUM. When you fission uranium-235, more than 200 new artificial elements are formed. These elements are much more poisonous to the body than the natural uranium. Uranium is a particle on which the Albert Einstein’s famous

formula (E=MC2) was based. "E=MC2" is an equation stating that mass and energy are interchangeable – you can make one into the other. They are two forms of the same thing. The Sun regularly turns mass into energy. What’s conserved is the rest mass energy of matter. People used this formula for blowing cities up in the air, and uranium was the bomb’s fuel. Today, uranium is used for production of energy, but the history of it was always about killing people. For instance, the U.S. military used it in Baghdad (Iraq) and other places, using low-enriched uranium weapons. These super weapons have a much higher destruction force, but for the price of contaminating the battlefield. The statistics show that about 80% of the babies in Baghdad have been grossly deformed 224

after the wars in which the low uranium graded weapons were used. The children have been born with single eyes, no arms or without brains. The deformed cases have happened so often that the doctors even tell the women in affected places to stop having babies because they are badly contaminated with depleted uranium. The cancer rates have gone up in the affected places, sometimes even up to 12 times in comparison to the standard rates. The lifetime of uranium used during the war lasts for about a billion years. If a particle from another nucleus strikes the nucleus of U-235 at a high enough velocity, the nucleus of uranium breaks up. The energy released causes the now broken nucleus to travel at a speed high enough to find and break up another U-235 nucleus. This process causes a chain reaction and will continue until it runs out of U-235 atoms. With each nucleus split, TREMENDOUS amounts of energy are released in the form of heat and radiation. Beside of the energy, new particles are being born. Some of them last a few seconds, some last for millions of years. #2 Radioactive IODINE. An example of the new particles would be radioactive iodine, which lasts about 6 weeks and causes thyroid cancer. The dark story of Chernobyl gave us a bitter lesson after developing 12,000 thyroid cancers in many children, women, and men. The modern medicine carved up thyroids out of their bodies and put them on drugs. These people will be dependent on taking hormonal supplements for the rest of their lives. Here you see another very close link between radiation and cancer!

225

#3 Radioactive STRONTIUM-90. There is another "famous" radioactive

particle – strontium-90 – that has been scattered around the globe by nuclear bombs and nuclear accidents. Strontium-90 gets accumulated by your bones and stays there for about 600 years. Throughout your life-time, it causes every disease related to a lowered immune system. These diseases range from a simple flu all the way up to leukemia. #4 Radioactive CAESIUM-137. The radioactive caesium lodges in the soft tissue and causes heart disease, hart attacks, strokes and lasts for 600 years. Due to the Chernobyl disaster, more than 40% of Europe is contaminated with caesium-137 today. Here is the answer to all modern bacterial pandemics and scary epidemics of cancer and heart disease. #5 Radioactive Plutonium-239. Please take a deep breath because what’s coming now is one of the most deadly substances in the "radioactive fission arsenal" –plutonium-239. Plutonium is very vicious. In fact, it is so vicious that if you inhale about 1/1,000,000 of a gram, YOU GET CANCER. If one pound (-0,45kg) becomes evenly distributed, EVERYONE on the Earth gets CANCER. I would like to highlight that each reactor in Fukushima Daiichi contained 250 kg of plutonium before the explosion. In order to make a bomb, you need about 2,5 kg of plutonium.

226

Right now, the plant is emitting radioactive plutonium and spreading death and suffering all over the Northern Hemisphere. All these particles will be flying all over the USA, Europe, and Asia in the years to come and enter the food chain. It’s all but not easy to hide from them since they become concentrated in the food you eat every day. The scary part is that you can’t SEE them, you can’t TASTE them, nor SMELL them. Radiation is silent; it’s horrifying, it’s damaging, it’s vicious, and it’s deadly. Having ingested radiation, it accumulates inside of your body and remains there for years to come. You won’t drop dead of cancer in an instant. No, it will take up a few years for you to contract cancer or heart disease. Unfortunately, after getting cancer in your prostate or your breast, the doctors won’t tell you that cancer was caused by a radioactive fission particle, strontium-90, eaten by a fish 5 years ago. There are no limits to radiation. What counts are the radionuclides which cannot be measured! All man-made radiation is DAMAGING, without an exception! The radiation is accumulative. This means that after the contamination it constantly increases the risk of getting cancer. It is not easy to avoid these particles. After the radioactive rain has fallen down, you’d better stop growing and eating food for the next 600 years... Good luck with that! In every major nuclear "shit-hit-the-fan" scenario, the nuclear waste escapes into the soil, from where it will eventually run into the water. And from there, it is just a matter of time until it enters the food chain. Taking all the nuclear events into consideration, you can realize that the epidemics of cancer and other genetic diseases are a natural result of the industry’s greed for money and consumers’ never-ending ignorance. Today, don’t fear about the war – fear about everything unknown and invisible to you. 227

The contamination with chemicals and radionuclides has become the invisible war spreading fear and suffering for decades. In the upcoming volume, "The Education of Cancer Healing – Specialists", you will be revealed more shocking information about this topic. For now, I want you to get my bottom line – ionizing radiation, along with thousand of other chemicals, represents the most fearful public health hazard in the world. Conclusion: "The unleashed power of the atom has changed everything save our modes of thinking (...)," Dr. Einstein once said. We have gathered the energy of the Sun, which went totally out of our control, and there is nothing we can do about it to stop it from happening. Fukushima Daiichi is clearly 7 times far beyond the catastrophe in the Chernobyl reactor in 1986. On top of it, taking into account the Chernobyl’s decaying sarchophagus, daily radioactive waste discharges, the world being polluted to death with thousands of harsh chemicals. The above Einstein’s quotation continues with these words: "(…) thus we drift towards unparalleled catastrophe."

228

229

FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI

230

231his power and FAILED in every way." "If there is a God, we attempted to wield - Anonymous

"A wise man ought to realize that health is his most valuable possession." - Hippocrates

Epilogue:

Defend Your Health

Today, the radiation fallout in Fukushima is 7 TIMES LARGER than in Chernobyl. Three out of four buildings turned into trash cans. Molten masses of fuel breached the containment vessel and radiation is pouring into the sea, spreading worldwide. This fallout continues to be spread around the world 24/7 since March 2011. More explosions are possible and more leaks are certain! One does not need a lot of knowledge to compare how high the financial 232

and health toll is going to be in Japan... Remember that we are talking about irradiation of an area 7 TIMES LARGER than in Chernobyl, which has been accredited to a death toll of close to one million deaths worldwide since 1986. This ultimate disaster is devastating beyond your and my imagination, spewing cancer, retarded children, sickness, and diseases across the entire world as radiation continues to circulate around the globe. Scientists predict that almost every person is going to develop cancer at some stage in their lifetime. I guess the scientists predicted the upcoming events such as Fukushima Daiichi. In that case, they are right. There is a radioactive tumor, developing somewhere in your body – you just don’t know about yet. Comparing the evacuation in Fukushima to Chernobyl, we can realize that the evacuation of Japanese citizens is catastrophic. The media behave even worse than before! We don’t get much information about the situation from the mainstream press. It seems that celebration of Osama bin Laden’s death, the Lybian War, the Royal wedding, and sex scandals are much more important than the real health dangers! "Strontium Rain" would, probably, not be an exciting headline, which is why we won’t see it at all! In relation to exposing the facts, the authorities approached the reports with careful expressions and misleading terms. They were downplaying the situation or clearly denying the facts and data in the very same way as after the Chernobyl disaster. We are talking about a MONSTER COVER-UP, one of the biggest in the history of mankind. Just wait another 20 years and the upcoming documentaries on Fukushima Daiichi will reveal the same DIRT as the documents talking about Chernobyl disaster do now. Moreover, after both the 233

Fukushima and Chernobyl incidents, the authorities have provided the very least possible financial support for the detoxification of the affected citizens and the environment they live in. Think about it! Is this the system you want to raise your children in? Oficially, over one million people have died due to Chernobyl, but in reality the number is much higher. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, 7.6 million people died of cancer in 2006. Next? Guess what? Their calculations showed that cancer will continue to rise with estimated 9 million cancer deaths in 2015. And these calculations were done before the Fukushima disaster. The final cancer toll, heart disease toll, newborn deaths toll and retarded children toll will be WAY HIGHER! Fukushima is a big and ugly international cover-up, badly damaging your children’s health, turning them into monsters – and we watch them suffer. What other can we do? As mentioned earlier, the Fukushima disaster will bring more casualties than Chernobyl! You can be very sure that the number of cancer incidents will go way up around the world as the time goes on. The Fukushima radioactive leaks will continue at high amounts longer than Chernobyl did. Equivalent to thousands of evil nuclear war heads, Fukushima is a nuclear war which will take place on this planet for a LONG time. Everything, however, CAN be turned around RIGHT NOW! But it requires YOU to start doing something about it! If you don’t agree with the way things are run today, stand up and DEMAND a CHANGE. I stand up and say that it is about time to start studying how to HEAL YOU and your family of cancer epidemics and BUILD-UP POWERFUL HEALTH at the very first place. 234

Welcome to "THE EDUCATION OF CANCER HEALING" study collection. I see you in the next book!

For more information, please visit Peter Havasiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s web site at www.PETERHAVASI.com. 235

Appendix:

Table of nuclear accidents

236

Reference: Nuclear Power in Europe, climatesceptics.org (years 2005-2011)

Date

Type

Name

Country

INES

Comments

11/3/11

power reactor

FUKUSHIMADAIICHI-1,2 FUKUSHIMADAINI-1, Japan

Japan

4x INES 7

Effect to the nuclear facilities from the earthquake on the east of Japan.

16/2/11

power reactor

TRICASTIN-3

France

INES 2

Level 2 incident on INES scale concerning back-up diesel generators at Tricastin nuclear power plant.

24/1/11

power reactor

LAGUNA VERDE2

Mexico

INES 0

Hydrogen recombiner functional testing not satisfactory.

19/1/11

power reactor

LAGUNA VERDE2

Mexico

INES 2

Reactor trip due to high pressure in the reactor pressure vessel.

15/1/11

power reactor

LAGUNA VERDE1

Mexico

INES 0

Reactor trip due to failure in the main generator.

13/1/11

other

U.S.A.

INES 2

OVEREXPOSURE TO RADIATION WORKER.

2/12/10

power reactor

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA LAGUNA VERDE1

Mexico

INES 1

Non Usual Event declared due to the loss of outside power at Laguna Verde NPP U1.

5/11/10

other

Closed Iron foundry in Town Lublin

Poland

INES 1

Lost or stolen sources containing Co-60.

237

22/10/10

power reactor

LAGUNA VERDE2

Mexico

INES 1

Potential damage in the riser pipe at Laguna Verde NPP U2.

17/9/10

power reactor

SHINKORI-1

Korea

INES 2

Inadvertent containment spray of reactor coolant.

16/9/10

radiation source

Inspecta Oy/Kotka

Finland

INES 2

Radiography overexposure.

31/8/10

power reactor

LEIBSTADT

Switzerl and

INES 2

Exposure of a worker in excess of statutory annual dose limits.

4/8/10

radiation source

ISOAID, LLC/Port Richey, FL

U.S.A.

INES 2

Extremity overexposure.

20/7/10

other

Genova port

Italy

INES 2

Co-60 orphan source discovered in a container of metal scraps in the Genova Port

23/6/10

other

Ontario

Canada

[n/a]

Information on earthquake which occurred in Eastern Canada.

26/5/10

radiation source

industrial radiography

France

INES 2

Contamination of 6 workers during the recovery of a gammagraphy Co-60 source.

23/4/10

power r.

CHINON-B4

France

INES 2

Worker overexposure.

20/4/10

other

U.S.A.

INES 2

Member of the public overexposure.

7/4/10

other

Ohio State University, other

India

INES 4

Discovery of radioactive materials in scrap shops and acute exposure of a scrap dealer.

238

2/4/10

research facility

Washington University St. Louis

U.S.A.

INES 0

Worker overexposure.

28/3/10

power reactor

H.B. ROBINSON-2

U.S.A.

INES 2

Reactor trip and safety injection with complications from fire.

1/12/09

power reactor

CRUAS-4

France

INES 2

Shutdown of Cruas unit 4 after heat sink incident.

12/11/09

radiation source

Owensby & Kritikos

U.S.A.

INES 2

Worker overexposure.

6/10/09

other

CADARACHE

France

INES 2

Failure in fissile material accountability.

23/9/09

other

Laramie River Station

U.S.A.

INES 2

Potential overexposure of members of the public.

31/8/09

research facility

Birjand University

Iran

INES 2

Loss of radiation source.

28/8/09

radiation source

Armenia

INES 2

Contamination of a vehicle with Cs-137.

3/8/09

power reactor

NO facility associated to this event BEZNAU-2

Switzerl and

INES 2

Exposure of two workers in excess of statutory annual dose limits.

27/7/09

other

ROil refinery, Gdansk

Poland

INES 3

Overexposure in the field radiography.

24/7/09

radiation source

Lima

Peru

INES 1

Detachment, spreading and recovery of industrial radiography source.

239

21/7/09

radiation source

Cardinal Health / Beltsville MD

U.S.A.

INES 2

Worker overexposure.

29/6/09

power reactor

DUNGENESS-B1 UNIT A

U.K.

INES 2

Introduction of potentially moderating material to fuel route.

16/5/09

other

Radioisotope Centre POLATOM/Otwoc k-Swierk

Poland

INES 1

Person contaminated.

7/5/09

irradiation/a ccelerators facility

STERIGENICS Fleurus

Belgium

INES 2

Incident at irradiation facility.

4/5/09

power reactor

PAKS-4

Hungary

INES 2

Drop out of a SPND from transport container into the reactor hall during outage.

3/3/09

fuel fabrication

MELOX Fuel process plant

France

INES 2

Non-respect of a safety-criticality requirement at AREVA NC Melox facility (Marcoule).

3/3/09

radiation source

Argus, Jinju, Southern part of Republic of Korea

Korea

INES 3

Overexposure of a field radiography worker.

3/2/09

radiate facility

Parma-Fix

U.S.A.

INES 2

Worker overexposure.

240

23/1/09

fuel repro-

Sellafield Ltd, Cumbria

U.K.

INES 2

cessing

Radioactive contamination spread from release of ventilation duct condensate at Sellafield.

27.12.08

Radiation Source

Meghri

Armenia

INES 0

Very low activity source found in scrap metal

18.12.08

Radiation Source

Delek Refining

U.S.A.

INES 2

Non-Radiation Worker Overexposure

4.11.08

Radiation Source

Argus/ Yeosu, Southern part of Republic of Korea

Korea

INES 2

Overexposure of field radiography workers

23.10.08

Other

Bunkyo-city, Tokyo

Japan

INES 2

Unsuitable management of Bakelite plates containing radioactive materials

7.10.08

Other

Metallic products manufacturer

France

INES 2

Cobalt-60 contaminated elevator buttons sold abroad by a French company

29.9.08

Radiation Source

Metco

U.S.A.

INES 2

Radiographer Overexposure to Extremity

11.9.08

Other

S.H.I.Examination & Inspection Ltd / Ehime prefecture

Japan

INES 2

Radiation Overexposure of a Worker

2.9.08

Radiation Source

Ardmore

U.S.A.

INES 2

Radiographer Overexposure

241

28.8.08

Other

Covidien, Mallinckrodt Medical B.V., Petten

Neth.

INES 1

Radiation Worker Skin Overexposure

25.8.08

Other

IRE-Fleurus

Belgium

INES 3

Iodine-131 release in the environment

3.8.08

Other

IAEA Safeguards Seibersdorf Laboratory

Austria

INES 1

Incident involving radioactive material at IAEA safeguards laboratory

1.8.08

Radiation Source

Tarragona

Spain

INES 3

Overexposure of a worker

21.7.08

Radiation Source

Hospital

Brazil

INES 3

Potential Overexposure During Co-60 Source Exchange

7.7.08

Power Reactor

PAKS-1

Hungary

INES 1

Deterioration of the containment depression of unit 1 during an air locking operation for maintenance activities

7.7.08

Other

SOCATRI Bollène (Vaucluse)

France

INES 1

Spillage of Uranium-bearing effluents into the environment at the SOCATRI nuclear facility (Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (Drôme), France)

4.6.08

Power Reactor

KRSKO

Slovenia

INES 0

Unidentified leakage from the primary circuit in excess of TS limit

30.5.08

Power Reactor

OLKILUOTO-1

Finland

INES 1

Fast stop of the main circulation pumps and simultaneous loss of their fly wheel systems during reactor scram.

242

21.5.08

Power R.

OSKARSHAMN-2

Sweden

[N/A]

Small traces of explosives found in a security checkpoint near a NPP

7.4.08

Radiation Source

Non-Destructive Inspection Co., Ltd / Chiba

Japan

INES 1

Loss of Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Device containing Ir-192 radiography source

4.4.08

Power Reactor

ASCO-1

Spain

INES 2

RADIACTIVE PARTICLES FOUNDED IN ASCÃ&#x201C; NPP SITE

14.3.08

Other

Italy

INES 1

Stainless steel coils contaminated by Cobalt 60

12.3.08

Irradiation/ Accelerator s Facility

Toulouse

France

INES 3

Worker over exposure

4.3.08

Radiation Source

Team Industrial Services

U.S.A.

INES 2

Potential Industrial Radiographer Overexposure

15.12.07

Power Reactor

ATUCHA-1

Argentin a

INES 0

TURBINE TRIP AND MANUAL SCRAM DURING NORMALIZATION OF A HEAT EXCHANGER OF THE MAIN OUTPUT TRANSFORMER

22.10.07

Radiation Source

SGS TECNOS,S.A.

Spain

INES 3

Potential Radiographer Overexposures

14.9.07

Radiation

Metco

U.S.A.

INES 2

Potential Radiographer Overexposures

243

10.9.07

Other

Customs Office Maasvlakte; Bosporustraat 5; NL-3199 LJ;Rotterdam Maasvlakte

Neth.

INES 0

Ladies handbags with buckles containing Co-60

26.8.07

Radiation Source

Industrial Radiography

India

INES 2

Loss of Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Device (IGRED) containing Ir192 radiography source

24.7.07

Research Reactor

OPAL Research Reactor

Australi a

INES 2

Displacement of fuel plates from their normal position in fuel assemblies during normal operation of research reactor

16.7.07

Power Reactor

KashiwazakiKariwa

Japan

INES 0

Events related to the earthquake on July 16th

15.6.07

Other

Hospital

France

INES 2

Irradiation incident of a radiation therapist

25.4.07

Radiation Source

Industrial Radiography

India

INES 2

Loss of Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Device (IGRED) containing Ir192 radiography source

19.4.07

Other

El Khaled Scrapyard / Tripoli

Lebanon

INES 1

Cs-137 source found in a scrap container prepared for export

16.3.07

Power Reactor

ATUCHA-1

Argentin a

INES 0

Steam Generator tube leakage at Atucha N.P.P

244

6.3.07

Power Reactor

LEIBSTADT

Switzerl and

INES 1

Reactor Scram due to Inadvertent Opening of Multiple SRVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

28.2.07

Radiation Source

Oklahoma City

U.S.A.

INES 2

Potential Overexposures to Members of the Public

16.2.07

Power Reactor

EMBALSE

Argentin a

INES 0

Steam Generator tube leakage at Embalse NPP

12.2.07

Radiation Source

Jewometaal, Rotterdam-Botlek

Netherla nds

INES 1

Radioactive source (Cs-137) found at a scrap yard

20.1.07

Radiation Source

Conam Inspection / Philadelphia

U.S.A.

INES 2

Potential Radiographer Extremity Overexposure

21.12.06

Other

Customs Office Maasvlakte; Bosporustraat 5; LJ;Rotterdam Maasvlakte

Netherla nds

INES 0

Ladies handbags with buckles containing Co-60

17.12.06

Power Reactor

ATUCHA-1

Argentin a

INES 0

Shutdown due to Tritium increase in reactor room

15.12.06

Power Reactor

EMBALSE

Argentin a

[N/A]

Manual Shutdown at Embalse N.P.P

245

7.12.06

Radiation Source

non nuclear

Argentin a

INES 1

Incidental Exposure during maintenance tasks

1.12.06

Transportati on

Transport International

France

INES 1

Multiple non compliance during a transport

16.11.06

Radiation Source

Coal washery

India

INES 1

Theft of Nucleonic Density Gauge Device containing Cs-137 source

9.11.06

Other

Hi-Desert PET & Nuclear Medicine Imaging Center / Victorville

U.S.A.

INES 2

Overexposure to 15 members of the public

6.11.06

Other

CADARACHE

France

INES 2

Operation outside limits and conditions at a former MOX facility

6.11.06

Radiation Source

Industrial Radiography

India

INES 2

Loss of Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Device (IGRED) containing Ir192 radiography source

1.11.06

Radwaste Facility

Pacific EcoSolutions

U.S.A.

INES 2

Worker Overexposure

5.10.06

Power Reactor

DOEL-1

Belgium

INES 2

Unavailabilty of containment cooling fans

27.9.06

Radiation Source

Humble

U.S.A.

INES 2

Radiography Overexposure

13.9.06

Radiation Source

Bonded Inspections

U.S.A.

INES 1

Stolen Radiographic Exposure Device

246

1.9.06

Transportati on

Transport International

France

INES 1

Lost excepted package between France and Austria

25.7.06

Power Reactor

FORSMARK-1

Sweden

INES 2

Two emergency dieselgenerators did not start when the unit was disconnected from the ordinary off site grid.

25.7.06

Power Reactor

FORSMARK-2

Sweden

INES 1

INES-rating due to earlier event at Forsmark 1 - Two emergency DG did not start when the unit was disconnected from the ordinary off-site grid

24.7.06

Transportati on

International Transport

Romania

INES 2

Lost of type A radioactive package during transport from Brussels to Bucharest

18.7.06

Power Reactor

VIRGIL C. SUMMER-1

U.S.A.

INES 0

Potential Flooding Common Mode Failure of Service Water Pumps

5.7.06

Transportati on

Transport International

France

INES 1

Loss of a type A package

22.6.06

Power Reactor

PAKS-4

Hungary

INES 1

Temperature increase of control rod drive housing 6/7 during restart of Unit 4

22.6.06

Radiation Source

Jewometaal, Rotterdam-Botlek

Netherl.

INES 1

One partly shielded Cs-137 radioactive source found in a 40 ft scrap container

2.6.06

Radiation Source

Lake Charles

U.S.A.

INES 2

Potential Radiography Overexposure

247

22.5.06

Radiation Source

Industrial Radiography

India

INES 2

Loss of Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Device (IGRED) containing Ir192 source

12.5.06

Transportati on

Transport International

France

INES 1

Lost radiopharmaceutical during its transport

1.5.06

Radiation Source

Texas Gamma Ray

U.S.A.

INES 2

Radiographer Overexposure

11.3.06

Irradiation/ Accelerator s Facility

STERIGENICS Fleurus

Belgium

INES 4

Overexposure of employee in irradiation facility

6.3.06

Other

Withheld

U.S.A.

INES 2

Spill of High-Enriched Uranium Solution

3.3.06

Radiation Source

North Kingston

U.S.A.

INES 2

Radiographer Overexposure

1.3.06

Power Reactor

KOZLODUY-5

Bulgaria

INES 2

Inoperability of 22 out of 61 control rods at Kozloduy NPP unit 5

28.2.06

Radiation Source

Ingleside

U.S.A.

INES 2

Presumptive Radiographer Badge Overexposure

24.2.06

Research Reactor Radiation Source Radwaste Facility

Texas A&M University Carson

U.S.A.

INES 2

U.S.A.

INES 2

Potential Extremity Overexposure at Texas A&M Research Reactor Radiographer Overexposure

Waste Volume Reduction Facilities

Japan

INES 0

23.2.06 13.2.06

248

Fire in Nuclear Waste Volume Reduction Facilities of JAEA

22.12.05

Power Reactor

TORNESS UNIT A

U.K.

INES 0

Activation of emergency plan support to Torness Power Station

22.12.05

Radiation Source

Zealand

Denmark

INES 2

Overexposure of worker by unshielded source

9.12.05

Power Reactor

All NPP - generic

France

INES 2

Anomaly on safety pumps of 900 MW reactors

5.12.05

Power Reactor

KOEBERG-1

St. Africa

INES 2

Both low head safety injection motors declared inoperable because of insufficient motor cooling water flow

25.11.05

Radiation Source

ORAT s.r.l. Company for industrial non destructive analysis

Italy

INES 1

I-192 sealed source stolen

18.11.05

Radiation Source

Sands Springs

U.S.A.

INES 2

Radiographer Overexposure

27.10.05

Radiation Source

Philadelphia

U.S.A.

INES 2

Radiographer Overexposure

1.9.05

Power Reactor

ATUCHA-1

Argentin a

INES 2

Worker overexposure during maintenance

14.8.05

Radiation Source

Industrial Radiography

India

INES 2

Theft of source pigtail containing Ir-192 radiography source

4.7.05

Power Reactor

TIHANGE-2

Belgium

INES 2

Inadequate protection relays and related setpoints

249

27.6.05

Power Reactor

FITZPATRICK

U.S.A.

INES 1

Potential Loss of Containment Due to Small Crack in Torus

29.5.05

Radiation Source

Offshore Lousiana

U.S.A.

INES 1

Lost Radiographic Exposure Device

2.5.05

Radiation Source

Houston

U.S.A.

INES 1

Potential Radiographer Overexposure

20.4.05

Fuel Reprocessin g

BNFL, Sellafield

U.K.

INES 3

Fractured Pipe in Thorp Reprocessing plant

11.4.05

Radiation Source

Jewometaal, Rotterdam-Botlek

Netherla nds

INES 2

Three unshielded Cs-137 radioactive sources found at scrap yard

15.3.05

Power Reactor

KEWAUNEE

U.S.A.

INES 2

Plant Design for Flooding Events May Not Mitigate the Consequences of Piping System Failures

11.3.05

Radiation Source

Carson

U.S.A.

INES 2

Potential Radiation Overexposure of Radiographers

10.3.05

Other

Hospital

France

INES 2

Overexposure of a worker at the Frederic Joliot hospital section in Orsay (91)

17.1.05

Radiation Source

Pasadena

U.S.A.

INES 2

Radiographer Overexposure

250

Notes Lesson 1: History of Nuclear Energy 1.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen, Novelline, Robert. Squire's Fundamentals of Radiology. Harvard University Press. 5th edition. 1997. ISBN 0674833392, (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel (MediaWiki:Copyright) (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn (MediaWiki:Copyright) (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie (MediaWiki:Copyright) (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3_Szil%C3%A1rd (MediaWiki:Copyright) (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi (MediaWiki:Copyright) (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 7. Lecture: Dr. McDougall’s Total Health Solution Lecture, Winning the War on Cancer, http://www.drmcdougall.com (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 8. American Cancer Society statistics for the year 2003 (www.cancer.org) © All Rights Reserved. 9. "It is estimated that 1,596,670 men and women (822,300 men and 774,370 women) will be diagnosed with and 571,950 men and women will die of cancer of all sites in 2011" Surveillance Epidemiologist and End Results (SEER), http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/all.html. Cancer statistics are projected to be 1 in 1 for males by 2030. © All Rights Reserved. 10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Haber; Eric Schlosser. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the AllAmerican Meal. (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001) p. 39. (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved.

Lesson 2: Manhattan Project 0. 1.

251

2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21.

Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eger_V._Murphree (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, and Fritz Strassmann Article, http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-and-nuclear-structure/hahnmeitner-strassman.aspx © All Rights Reserved. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Strassmann (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer Info: History of the Atomic Bomb & The Manhattan Project, About.com Guide, http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/atomic_bomb.htm Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://www.answers.com/topic/albert-einstein, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Groves (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Tibbets, (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved.http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/02/obituaries/02tibbets.html?pagewanted=all (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://www.upi.com/News_Photos/Archives/Enola-Gay-Drops-Bomb-on-Hiroshima/2172/ (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-backroom/1521072/replies?c=31 (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1154886/posts (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Info: Franklin D. Roosevelt Fast Facts by Martin Kelly, About.com Guide, (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Reserved.http://americanhistory.about.com/od/franklinroosevelt/a/ff_fdr.htm Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved.

252

22. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interim_Committee (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 23. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_F._Byrnes (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 24. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_L._Harrison (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 25. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Clayton (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 26. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 27. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar_Bush (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 28. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bryant_Conant (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 29. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Austin_Bard, Gar Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), p. 225. ISBN 0679443312 © All Rights Reserved. (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 30. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bacher Wikipedia.org (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved.. 31. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manson_Benedict (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 32. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 33. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Compton (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 34. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bryant_Conant (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 35. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar_Bush (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 36. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 37. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Lee_Loomis (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 38. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Urey (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 39. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brehon_B._Somervell (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved.

253

40. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_D._Styer (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 41. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Teller (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 42. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8 (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 43. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Bloch (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 44. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 45. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 46. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 47. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norris_Bradbury (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 48. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Neddermeyer (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 49. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 50. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Christy (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 51. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Bainbridge (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 52. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_P._Echols (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 53. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyce_McDaniel (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 54. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Blanch (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 55. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_S._Carpenter,_Jr. 56. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_J._Clarke (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 57. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_R._Corson (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 58. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved.

254

59. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kauzmann (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 60. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Nichols (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 61. Info:http://www.europerank.com/world/browse.php?u=Oi8vZW4ud2lraXBlZGlhLm9yZy93aWtpL0Nh dGVnb3J5Ok1hbmhhdHRhbl9Qcm9qZWN0X3Blb3BsZQ%3D%3D&b=21 © All Rights Reserved. 62. Article: Dropping the Atomic Bomb, THE 456th FIGHTER INTERCEPTOR SQUADRON, THE PROTECTORS OF S. A. C. http://www.456fis.org/THE_ATOMIC_BOMBS.htm © All Rights Reserved. 63. Article: Information excerpted from Hiroshima and Nagasaki by Jennifer Rosenberg, About.com Guide, http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/hiroshima.htm © All Rights Reserved. 64. Documentary: Modern Marvels - The Manhattan Project, History Channel, A&E Home Video Studio, 2005, ASIN: B000AABL5I © All Rights Reserved. 65. Documentary: Trinity and Beyond documentary, directed by Peter Kuran, Goldhill Home Media Studio, 2006, ASIN: B000GFRI72 © All Rights Reserved. 66. Document Excerpted from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Einstein-Rooseveltletter.png 67. Article: The View from the Enola Gay, 1945, New York Times Oral History Program. Columbia University Oral History Collection, part IV: 1-219. Sanford, North Carolina: Microfilming Corporation of America, 1979. 18-19, 30-36, http://college.cengage.com/history/ayers_primary_sources/view_enolagay_1945.htm (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 68. Quote: Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the Enola Gay (named after his mother), the B-29 that dropped the world’s first atomic bomb, tells of the destruction of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Excerpted from: Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the Enola Gay (named after his mother), the B-29 that dropped the world’s first atomic bomb, tells of the destruction of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. From: The Boeing B-29 Superfort, http://www.jcsgroup.com/military/war1941aaf1/bomber9.html 69. Documentary: Hiroshima Witness/ Voice of Hibakush, Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima, from the video HIROSHIMA WITNESS, produced by Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK, the public broadcasting company of Japan. 1986. Excerpted from http://www.inicom.com/hibakusha/index.html © All Rights Reserved. 70. Quote: Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the

255

71.

72. 73.

74.

photoelectric effect." (Excerpted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein) (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Quote: "The Trinity Test" . United States Department of Energy. Retrieved 2009-04-08, excerpted from Trinity (nuclear test), Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_%28nuclear_test%29 (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved.Article: "Plutonium Files: How the U.S. Secretly Fed Radioactivity to Thousands of Americans" , Democracy Now!, May 5, 2004, Source: http://www.democracynow.org/2004/5/5/Plutonium_files_how_the_u_s © All Rights Reserved. Article: Abhilash R. Vaishnav (1994). The Tech online edition. The Tech., Excerpted from: Task Force Reports on Fernald Studies, http://tech.mit.edu/V114/N28/fernald.28n.html © All Rights Reserved. Eye-witness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima, from the video HIROSHIMA WITNESS produced by Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK, http://www.inicom.com/hibakusha/, Credits: "Voice of Hibakusha" eyewitness accounts of the bombing of Hiroshima are from the program HIROSHIMA WITNESS produced by the Hiroshima Peace Cultural Center and NHK, the public broadcasting company of Japan. The individual accounts were input and translated into English by collage students Yumi Kodama, Junko Kato, Junko Kawamoto, Masako Kubota, Chiharu Kimura, and Kumi Komatsu, who were advised by Laurence Wiig. The translated files were available on the KAMOME BBS in Japan. They were downloaded by Gary S. Trujillo who posted them onto the USENET news system newsgroups alt.activism and soc.culture.japan in 1990. They were been typeset in TeX and printed by Andrew Mossberg as a limited edition at the University of Miami. They were later converted to html and placed on the web, where they have spread across numerous Japan-related sites. Some minor editing has been done for spelling and format consistency. Many thanks to each of the people involved at every step of this path, and to the Hibakusha who have shared their accounts. Written by: andrew mossberg, http://www.inicom.com/hibakusha/credits.html © All Rights Reserved. Documentary: Trinity and Beyond, 1995, American documentary film directed by Peter Kuran and narrated by William Shatner. © All Rights Reserved.

Lesson 3: Atoms for Peace 1. 2.

Extracted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Unethical human experimentation in the United States, Experiments involving other radioactive materials, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation_in_the_United_States (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. LeBaron, Wayne D. (1998). America’s Nuclear Legacy. Nova Publishers, pp. 97–98. ISBN 9781560725565. © All Rights Reserved.

256

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

10.

11. 12.

13.

14. 15.

Pacchioli, David (March 1996) "Subjected to Science", Research/Penn State, Vol. 17, no. 1 © All Rights Reserved. Fluoride, Teeth, and the Atomic Bomb by Joel Griffiths and Chris Bryson, http://www.fluoridation.com/atomicbomb.htm © All Rights Reserved. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. The Beautiful Truth: The World’s Simplest Cure for Cancer (2009), Garrett Kroschel (Actor), Charlotte Gerson (Actor), Steve Kroschel © All Rights Reserved. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation#cite_note-19, Introduction to NMT Case 1: U.S.A. v. Karl Brandt et al. Harvard Law Library, Nuremberg Trials Project: A Digital Document Collection. Retrieved 2008-03-23. (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Nazi human experimentation, Sterilization experiments, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation#cite_note-19, Piotrowski, Christa (2000-0721). "Dark Chapter of American History: U.S. Court Battle over Forced Sterilization". CommonDreams.org News Center. Retrieved 2008-03-23. (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Nazi human experimentation, Sterilization experiments, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation#cite_note-19, Meric, Vesna (2005-01-27). "Forced to take part in experiments". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-01-04. (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Nazi human experimentation, Sterilization experiments, "Medical Experiments at Auschwitz". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 2008-03-23. © All Rights Reserved. Medical Experiments at Auschwitz, Jewish Virtual Library website – A Division of the AmericanIsraeli Cooperative Enterprise, http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/aumed.html © All Rights Reserved. Article: CENSORED IN 1995: 1947 AEC HUMAN RADIATION EXPERIMENTS MEMO, written by Carl Jensen, Business, Daily Journal (Opinion), Deja Vu, Lifestyle May 20, 2011, The Daily Censored – Underreported News and Commentary, http://dailycensored.com/2011/05/20/censored-in-1995-1947aec-human-radiation-experiments-memo/ U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, Division of Biology and Medicine, Washington, D.C., July 1954, http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/2008/R251.pdf © All Rights Reserved. Independent Review Group on Retention of Organs at Post-mortem: Report on Strontium-90 Research, APPENDIX 2. PROJECT SUNSHINE AND THE SLIPPERY SLOPE, at page 641, Sue Rabbitt Roff Cookson Senior Research Fellow Centre for Medical Education Dundee University Medical School, © All Rights Reserved.http://www.sehd.scot.nhs.uk/scotorgrev/Documents/Project%20Sunshine%20%20slippery%2 0slope.pdf, http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/2008/R251.pdf

257

16. 1959 memo to the Prime Minister, Independent Review Group on Retention of Organs at Post-mortem: Report on Strontium-90 Research, Note 13, supra, http://www.sehd.scot.nhs.uk/scotorgrev/Strontium%2090%20Report/roos90-12.htm, http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/2008/R251.pdf © All Rights Reserved. 17. Source: Worldwide Effects of Atomic Weapons, Project Sunshine, August 6, 1953, R-251-AEC (AMENDED), The Rand Corporation – 1790 Main St. Santa Monica, California © All Rights Reserved. 18. Project Sunshine, Worldwide effects of atomic weapons, Aug 6, 1953, R251-AEC (Amended), The Rand Corporation, © All Rights Reserved. 19. Project Gabriel U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Biology and Medicine, Washington, D.C., July 1954 20. Soldiers of Reason by Alex Abella (2008), Atmospheric Nuclear Testing in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions, http://www.angelfire.com/sk/syukhtun/pacificbombs.html © All Rights Reserved. 21. "Unmasking Horror" Nicholas D. Kristof, (March 17, 1995) New York Times. A special report, Japan Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity, Extracted from: Japanese war crimes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes © All Rights Reserved. (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 22. GlobalSecurity.org, 2005 "Biological Weapons Program". Downloaded November 26, 2006, Japanese war crimes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes © All Rights Reserved. 23. "Japan digs site linked to WWII human experiments". Associated Press. February 21, 2011. © All Rights Reserved. 24. David McNeill (February 22, 2011). "Japan confronts truth about its germ warfare tests on prisoners of war". The Independent. © All Rights Reserved. 25. Japanese war crimes, Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes#cite_note-48 26. COLD WAR FALLOUT by Blanche Wiesen Cook © All Rights Reserved. 27. THE ENEMY WITHIN: The High Cost of Living near Nuclear Reactors by Jay M. Gould © All Rights Reserved. 28. Four Walls Eight Windows, 346p. Paper 29. The Nation, December 9, 1996 edition, The Light Party, http://www.lightparty.com/Health/ColdWarFallout.html 30. Bikini Atoll in Marshall Islands Chosen as World Heritage Site, Contributed by Yokwe Online, © All Rights Reserved. http://www.yokwe.net/index.php?module=News&func=view&prop=Topic&cat=10012 31. Medicine: Hiroshima Time Bomb, Monday, June 14, 1971, Time Magazine U.S., http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909892,00.html © All Rights Reserved. 32. The Trinity Test, Trinity, http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Trinity.html © All Rights Reserved. 33. Speech: Excerpted from Atoms for Peace Article, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace

258

34. (Loue, 2000: pp. 19–23) © All Rights Reserved. 35. Article: Information Source - Unethical human experimentation in the United States, Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation_in_the_United_States (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 36. Book: Eileen Welsome (1999). The Plutonium Files: America’s Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War. New York: Dial Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 0-385-31402-7. © All Rights Reserved. 37. Book: Andrew Goliszek, In the Name of Science: A History of Secret Programs, Medical Research, and Human Experimentation, Publisher: St. Martin’s Press; 1 edition, 2003, ISBN: 978-0312303563 © All Rights Reserved. 38. LeBaron, Wayne D. (1998). America’s nuclear legacy. Nova Publishers, pp. 97–98. ISBN 9781560725565. © All Rights Reserved. 39. Pacchioli, David, (March 1996) "Subjected to Science", Research/Penn State, Vol. 17, no. 1 © All Rights Reserved. 40. Loue, 2000: pp. 19–23 41. Book: LeBaron, Wayne D. (1998). America’s nuclear legacy. Nova Publishers, pp. 97–98. ISBN 9781560725565. 42. Book: Andrew Goliszek, In the Name of Science: A History of Secret Programs, Medical Research, and Human Experimentation, Publisher: St. Martin’s Press; 1 edition, 2003, ISBN: 978-0312303563 © All Rights Reserved. 43. "America’s Deep, Dark Secret". CBS News. April 29, 2004. Retrieved February 18, 2010. © All Rights Reserved. 44. Abhilash R. Vaishnav (1994). The Tech online edition. The Tech © All Rights Reserved. 45. Article: Walter E. Fernald State School, Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_E._Fernald_State_School#Nuclear_medicine_research_in_children, (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 46. "OT-19. Radioisotope Studies at the Fernald State School, Massachusetts". Retrieved 2009-06-07, 47. SHARPE LM, PEACOCK WC, COOKE R, HARRIS RS (July 1950). "The effect of phytate and other food factors on iron absorption". The Journal of Nutrition 41 (3): 433–46. PMID 15428911 © All Rights Reserved. 48. Article: Cherbonnier, Alice (October 1, 1997) "Nasal Radium Irradiation of Children Has Health Fallout", Baltimore Chronicle and Sentinel (accessed: 02/19/2010), http://www.baltimorechronicle.com/rupnose.html © All Rights Reserved. 49. Danielle Gordon (January 1996). "The Verdict: No harm, no foul". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 52 (1). © All Rights Reserved. 50. Stewart A. Farber (March 12, 1996). "Nasal Radium Irradiation: Bad Science, Bad Medicine, Bad Ethics". Testimony to U.S., Public Health Sciences, Radium Experiment Assessment Project, Nasal Radium Irradiation & The Advisory Committee On Human Radiation Experiments – A Failure Of

259

51. 52.

53. 54. 55.

56. 57. 58. 59.

60. 61.

62. 63. 64. 65.

66. 67.

Process, Washington D.C., By United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs, ISBN: 0160535867 © All Rights Reserved. Transcript – February 15, 1995, Eleventh Meeting, February 19–20, 1995 - Washington D.C., Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (accessed: 02/19/2010), © All Rights Reserved. Wolfgang Uwe Eckart, Man, medicine, and the state: the human body as an object of government sponsored medical research in the 20th century, 2006, p. 263, Published on H-German, ISBN 978-3515-08794-0. © All Rights Reserved. Information: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Radionuclides in the Ecosystem, http://epa.gov/radtown/ecosystem.html © All Rights Reserved. Article: DNA repair, Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Table of Radionuclides and their half life decay: http://www.safety.vanderbilt.edu/resources/radmanual/radiation_manual_appendixB.pdf © All Rights Reserved. Fact: Health Wars, http://herbsciences.com/docs/HEALTHWARS.pdf © All Rights Reserved. Fact: CANCER - what to do? http://tamihealth.tripod.com/cancer%20info.htm © All Rights Reserved. Information excerpted from: http://www.gwu.edu/nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet11/brief11/tab_i/br11i1a.txt Project Sunshine, Worldwide effects of atomic weapons, Aug 6, 1953, R251-AEC (Amended), The Rand Corporation, A. Kramish, Editor, SUNSHINE Report, © All Rights Reserved.http://www.hss.energy.gov/HealthSafety/IHS/marshall/collection/data/ihp1b/7582_.pdf Documentary: Trinity and Beyond, directed by Peter Kuran, Goldhill Home Media Studio, 2006, ASIN: B000GFRI72 © All Rights Reserved. Article: Cold War Radiation Test on Humans to Undergo a Congressional Review by KEITH SCHNEIDER, Published: April 11, 1994, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/11/us/cold-war-radiationtest-on-humans-to-undergo-a-congressional-review.html © All Rights Reserved. Article: KEITH SCHNEIDER, Cold War Radiation Test on Humans To Undergo a Congressional Review., NEW YORK TIMES 1994 April 11; p. D9 © All Rights Reserved. "Operation Plumbbob", Goliszek Information excerpted from: http://whatreallyhappened.com/WRHARTICLES/biowar.html © All Rights Reserved. Book: Andrew Goliszek, In the Name of Science: A History of Secret Programs, Medical Research, and Human Experimentation, Publisher: St. Martin’s Press; 1 edition, 2003, ISBN: 978-0312303563 © All Rights Reserved. Nuclear Issues, http://www.rmiembassyus.org/Nuclear%20Issues.htm © All Rights Reserved. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Thyroid Screening Related to I-131 Exposure, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Exposure of the American People to I-131 from the Nevada Atomic Bomb Tests, ed. (1999). Exposure of the American people to Iodine-131 from Nevada nuclear-

260

68.

69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74.

75. 76. 77. 78.

79. 80. 81.

bomb tests: review of the National Cancer Institute report and public health implications. National Academies Press. pp. 113–114. ISBN 9780309061759. – deaths taken from 90% survival rate, applied to number of cases © All Rights Reserved. Thomas H. Maugh II, "Eugene Saenger, 90; physician conducted pivotal studies on effects of radiation exposure", Los Angeles Times, October 06, 2007 (accessed: February 18, 2010) © All Rights Reserved. Human Experiments, http://www.netti.fi/-makako/mind/radkill.htm © All Rights Reserved. In re Cincinnati Radiation Litigation, 874 F. Supp. 796 (S. D. Ohio 1995) © All Rights Reserved. Loue, 2000: pp. 26-29 Hyman 251 N.Y.S.2d 818 (1964), rev’d 258 N.Y.S.2d 397 (1965) (litigation regarding whether director of hospital could have access to patients' medical records) © All Rights Reserved. Katz, Experimentation with Human Beings (1972) pp. 9-65(recounts more than you want to know about this experiment, including affidavits of physicians on both sides). © All Rights Reserved. Dr. Joseph Hamilton, said that the experiments "had a little of the Buchenwald touch". Cockburn, Alexander; Jeffrey St. Clair (1998). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press. New York: Verso. pp. 157–159. ISBN 1859842585. Extracted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Article: Atmospheric Nuclear Testing in the Pacific Ocean and Nevada, Syukhtun Editions, http://www.angelfire.com/sk/syukhtun/pacificbombs.html © All Rights Reserved. THE SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE, Generations of Fallout From Nuclear Tests, Colin Woodard, Chronicle Foreign Service, http://www.bikiniatoll.com/SFChronicle.html © All Rights Reserved. Goodman MT, Mabuchi K, Morita M, Soda M, Ochikubo S, Fukuhara T, Ikeda T, Terasaki M. Source: Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813. PMID: 7917541 [PubMed - indexed for MEDubMed - indexed for Documentary: 1995, Silent Storm Documentary © All Rights Reserved. Moreno, Jonathan D. (2001). Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans. Routledge. ISBN 0415-92835-4. © All Rights Reserved. LeBaron, Wayne D. (1998). America's nuclear legacy. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56072-556-5. © All Rights Reserved.

261

Lesson 4 - Lesson 5 1.

Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences) [Paperback], Alexey V. Yablokov (Editor), Vassily B. Nesterenko (Editor), Alexey V. Nesterenko (Editor), Janette D. Sherman-Nevinger (Editor), Publication Date: January 12, 2010, ISBN-10: 1573317578 | ISBN-13: 978-1573317573 © All Rights Reserved. International Nuclear Event Scale, Wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Nuclear_Event_Scale (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Article: List of military nuclear accidents, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_nuclear_accidents (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Article: A list of nuclear accidents, by Admin, 2007, Coalition Against Nuclear Energy, http://www.cane.org.za/nuclear-energy-related/a-list-of-nuclear-accidents-part-1/ © All Rights Reserved.

Lesson 6: Disaster at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 1. 2. 3. 4.

6. 7.

Chernobyl Disaster, Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Anatoly Dyatlov, Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Dyatlov (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Excerpted from Disaster at Chernobyl Documentary, Discovery channel (2005) © All Rights Reserved. "U.S. doctor indicates Chernobyl toll now at 13". The Telegraph. Excerpted from Alexander Akimov Article, Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Akimov (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Nashua. 1986-05-16. Medvedev G. , (1991): 247-48, excerpted from Alexander Akimov Article, Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Akimov (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. Medvedev, Zhores A. (1990). The Legacy of Chernobyl (paperback edition). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393308143. © All Rights Reserved. Davletbaev, RI (1995) (in Russian). Last shift Chernobyl. Ten years later. Inevitability or chance? Moscow: Energoatomizdat. ISBN 5-283-03618-9. © All Rights Reserved.

262

8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13.

14.

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

23.

24.

Excerpted from: True Battle of Chernobyl Documentary Uncensored by Thomas Johnson, produced by Hind Saih Shcherbak, Y (1987). Chernobyl. 6. Yunost. In Medvedev, Z. p. 44. © All Rights Reserved. Petrov, Yu.; Yu. Udalov, J. Subrt, S. Bakardjieva, P. Sazavsky, M. Kiselova, P. Selucky, P. Bezdicka, C. Jorneau, P. Piluso (1 April 2009). „Behavior of melts in the UO2-SiO2 system in the liquid-liquid phase separation region". Glass Physics and Chemistry 35 (2): 199–204. doi:10.1134/S1087659609020126. © All Rights Reserved. Meltdown in Chernobyl Documentary, National Geographic. (2004) © All Rights Reserved. Excerpted from Disaster at Chernobyl Documentary, Discovery Channel (2005) © All Rights Reserved. Kremlin.ru, excerpted from an article: Reflections of a Chernobyl liquidator – the way it was and the way it will be by Charles Digges, 04/10-2006, Bellona.org Reflections http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2006/mirnyi_iview2 © All Rights Reserved. Wikipedia.org (Russian) Video footage of Chernobyl disaster on April 28 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sC7n _QgJRks) (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. (Russian) Video footage of Chornobyl disaster on April 28, The announcement is available on Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sC7n_QgJRks © All Rights Reserved. Article: Chernobyl and the Eastern Europe, http://www.chernobylee.com/articles/chernobyl/interviewwith-a-chernobyl-liquidator-sergei-b---part-i.php © All Rights Reserved. Notes From Ykpaiha – a Blue Devil’s Ukrainian Experience, Summer 2007, http://chernobylsummer.blogspot.com/2007/08/chernobyl-liquidators-incredible-men.html © All Rights Reserved. http://www.ratical.org/radiation/inetSeries/ejs1192.html © All Rights Reserved. The liquidators of Chernobyl, Sprol – Worst Cases in the World, http://www.sprol.com/2005/07/theliquidators-of-chernobyl/ © All Rights Reserved. Chernobyl Liquidators Article, Chernobyl Status, April 1997, © All Rights Reserved.http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/97/nuclear/reactor/chern11.html THE MARTYRS OF CHERNOBYL Article, by Gulnoza Saidazimova and Claire Bigg, http://www.albionmonitor.com/0604a/chernobyliquidators.html © All Rights Reserved. Bleeding Edge Blog, Fukushima victims? Bleeding Edge Blog. Panokroko.wordpress.com, http://panokroko.wordpress.com/2011/04/22/fukushima-victims/ panokroko | April 22, 2011 © All Rights Reserved. "Chernobyl Heart", an Emmy-Award winning documentary, excerpted from article: Valley families open homes, hearts to kids, Windy.com – The valley’s Home Page, By SEAN BARRON, Published: Monday, August 8, 2005, http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/283953726773090.php © All Rights Reserved. Journal of Radiological Protection Volume 21 Number 3, F J Turvey 2001 J. Radiol. Prot. 21 317 doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/21/3/609, http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/21/3/609 © All Rights Reserved.

263

25. Fred Mettler Quote, excerpted from Chernobyl Legacy Not as Dark as Feared by Amanda Gardner Health Day Reporter, HealingWell.com, http://news.healingwell.com/index.php?p=news1&id=527789 © All Rights Reserved. 26. Chernobyl Liquidators article, http://www.belarusguide.com/chernobyl1/liquidators.htm © All Rights Reserved. 27. Chernobyl cover-up: study shows more than a million deaths from radiation, Dr Brian Meonch Independent Australia, http://www.independentaustralia.net/2011/health/chernobyl-cover-up-studyshows-more-than-a-million-deaths-from-radiation/ © All Rights Reserved. 28. Quotation by Gordon Thompson, excerpted from Thinkexist.com, http://thinkexist.com/quotation/twoand-half-million-curies-of-mostly-localized/529543.html © All Rights Reserved. 29. Nesterenko, A. V., Nesterenko, V. B. and Yablokov , Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences, VOLUME 1181, WileyBlackwell (19 Feb 2010), ISBN-13: 978-1573317573, http://www.strahlentelex.de/Yablokov%20Chernobyl%20book.pdf, © All Rights Reserved. 30. Quote excerpted from Thinkexist.com, http://thinkexist.com/quotation/he-went-back-to-record-themeltdown-of-chernobyl/1441265.html. Kiana Davenport (born Diana Davenport in Honolulu, Hawaii) is an American author. More info about her: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiana_Davenport (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 31. Bleeding Edge Blog, Fukushima victims? by Panokroko, http://panokroko.wordpress.com/2011/04/22/fukushima-victims/ © All Rights Reserved. 32. Nesterenko, A. V., Nesterenko, V. B. and Yablokov, Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment. © All Rights Reserved. 33. Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences) [Paperback], Alexey V. Yablokov (Editor), Vassily B. Nesterenko (Editor), Alexey V. Nesterenko (Editor), Janette D. Sherman-Nevinger (Editor), Publication Date: January 12, 2010, ISBN-10: 1573317578 | ISBN-13: 978-1573317573 © All Rights Reserved. 34. Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences) [Paperback], Alexey V. Yablokov (Editor), Vassily B. Nesterenko (Editor), Alexey V. Nesterenko (Editor), Janette D. Sherman-Nevinger (Editor), Publication Date: January 12, 2010, ISBN-10: 1573317578 | ISBN-13: 978-1573317573 © All Rights Reserved. 35. The Chernobyl liquidators: incredible men with incredible stories (Part 2), 2007, SKWALLACE, Durham, NC, United States, http://chernobyl-summer.blogspot.com/2007/08/chernobyl-liquidatorsincredible-men.html © All Rights Reserved. 36. Health Effects on Chernobyl , 25 years after the reactor catastrophe, IPPNW and GFS Report/Study, April 2011, IPPNW - German Affiliate of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), Kortestrasse 10, 10987, Berlin, www.tschernobyl-folgen.de © All Rights Reserved. 37. Reuters.com, Top News, Article: Ukrainians recall Chernobyl sacrifice, applaud Japan, by Pavel Polityuk, http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE72F57620110316?ca=rdt © All Rights Reserved.

264

38. DNA, Daily News & Analysis, http://www.dnaindia.com Article: In Chernobyl, a disaster persists, 2011, By Olzhas Auyezov & Richard Balmforth, http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_in-chernobyla-disaster-persists_1520364 © All Rights Reserved. 39. 25 years on, what Chernobyl tells us about Japan’s crisis, On a journey to the eerie site of the last major nuclear disaster, Shaun Walker finds lessons that apply now to Fukushima, by Shaun Walker, 2011, The Independent http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/25-years-on-what-chernobyl-tells-usabout-japans-crisis-2258876.html © All Rights Reserved. 40. Article: In Chernobyl, a Disaster Persists by Olzhas Auyezov & Richard Balmforth, 2011, Climate Spectator a Business Spectator Publication, http://www.climatespectator.com.au/commentary/chernobyl-disaster-persists © All Rights Reserved. 41. Special Report: In Chernobyl, a Disaster Persists, Twenty five years after the worst nuclear accident in history, Ukraine and its neighbours are still dealing with the problems, by OLZHAS AUYEZOV and RICHARD, BALMFORTH, PRYPYAT, UKRAINE, MARCH 15, 2011, Reuters © All Rights Reserved. 42. Blog: 25 years later, The Ghost of Chernobyl Persists, Sky’s Universe Predications, Schuyler R. Thorpe, 2011, http://schuylerthorpe.wordpress.com/2011/03/18/25-years-later-the-ghost-of-chernobylpersists/ © All Rights Reserved. 43. Article: 25 Years Later, The Ghost Of Chernobyl Persists by Schuyler R. Thorpe, 2011, http://schuylerthorpe.wordpress.com, http://schuylerthorpe.wordpress.com/2011/03/18/25-years-laterthe-ghost-of-chernobyl-persists/ © All Rights Reserved. 44. Article: CHERNOBYL – 20 YEARS, 20 LIVES by deixantrastre, Mads Eskesen, 2006, © All Rights Reserved. http://deixantrastre.wordpress.com, http://deixantrastre.wordpress.com/2006/07/04/chernobyl-20-years-20-lives/ © All Rights Reserved. 45. Article: As Japan approaches meltdown, reflections on Chornobyl by Andrew, 2011, http://www.ukrcdn.com, http://www.ukrcdn.com/2011/03/17/as-japan-approaches-meltdownreflections-on-chornobyl/ © All Rights Reserved. 46. Article: Chernobyl – 20 years, 20 lives by Valentina Smolnikova, 2006, Deixant Rastre., http://deixantrastre.wordpress.com/2006/07/04/chernobyl-20-years-20-lives/ © All Rights Reserved. 47. Article: Chernobyl disaster, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 48. Interview: Adi Rache’s Chernobyl Children International, http://www.chernobylinternational.com/chernobyl-nuclear-disaster/chernobyl-stories/the-chernobyl-liquidators.aspx © All Rights Reserved. 49. Interview: Adi Rache’s Chernobyl Children International, http://www.chernobylinternational.com/chernobyl-nuclear-disaster/chernobyl-stories/chernobyl-bee-keepers.aspx © All Rights Reserved. 50. Article: The Chernobyl nightmare revisited by Stephen Mulvey, BBC News website, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4918742.stm © All Rights Reserved.

265

51. Chernobyl "Liquidators" Still Fight Oblivion, Deutsche Welle, DW-World.de, 2006, http://www.dwworld.de/dw/article/0,2144,1976212,00.html © All Rights Reserved. 52. Spiegel: Chernobyl Liquidators on Hunger, Chernobyl "Liquidators" on Hunger Strike, Spiegel Online International, 2006, mmh/AP, http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,413019,00.html © All Rights Reserved. 53. Chernobyl Heart, documentary by Maryann DeLeo; won the Best Documentary Short Subject award at the 2004 Academy Awards. © All Rights Reserved. 54. (Batyan and Kozharskaya, 1993; Kapytonova and Kryvitskaya, 1994; Nesterenko et al., 1993; Busuet at al., 2002; and others) © All Rights Reserved. 55. Article: Detoxify or Die: Natural Radiation Protection Therapies for Coping With the Fallout of the Fukushima Nuclear Meltdown, Gabriela Segura, M.D, 2011, Sott.net, http://www.sott.net/articles/show/226021-Detoxify-or-Die-Natural-Radiation-Protection-Therapies-forCoping-With-the-Fallout-of-the-Fukushima-Nuclear-Meltdown%5D © All Rights Reserved. 56. Presentation: Arnie Gundersen, Nuclear Power 101: Fairewinds Examines the Fundamental Advantages and Disadvantages of Splitting Atoms to Boil Water, FaireWinds.com, Arnold "Arnie" Gundersen is the chief engineer of energy consulting company Fairewinds Associates and a former nuclear power industry executive, who questioned the safety of the Westinghouse AP1000, a proposed third-generation nuclear reactor.[1] Gundersen also expressed concerns about the operation of the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant. He served as an expert witness in the investigation of the Three Mile Island accident.[2] Gundersen is chief engineer of Fairewinds Associates, an energy consulting company (Excerpted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Gundersen). More Info, visit: http://www.fairewinds.com/ (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 57. Article: 25 Years Later, The Ghost Of Chernobyl Persists by Schuyler R. Thorpe, 2011, Sky's Universal Predications, http://schuylerthorpe.wordpress.com/2011/03/18/25-years-later-the-ghost-of-chernobylpersists/ © All Rights Reserved. 58. Founder of the organization "Marked by Chernobyl Atom", Kiev, Ukraine. WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor on June 9, 2006, Excerpted from Chernobyl: 20 Years 20 Lives Article, Chernobyl Children’s Project International, http://www.chernobyl-international.org/hanna.html © All Rights Reserved. 59. Article: CHERNOBYL – 20 YEARS, 20 LIVES, Deixant Rastre, Mads Eskesen, 2006, www.20years20lives.info, Excerpts from http://deixantrastre.wordpress.com/2006/07/04/chernobyl-20years-20-lives/ © All Rights Reserved. 60. Article: Chernobyl Cleanup Survivor’s Message for Japan: "Run Away as Quickly as Possible" by Dana Kennedy, AOL News 2011, AOL Inc., http://www.aolnews.com/2011/03/22/chernobyl-cleanupsurvivors-message-for-japan-run-away-as-qui/ © All Rights Reserved. 61. Article: In Chernobyl, a Disaster Persists By Olzhas Auyezov and Richard Balmforth, PRIPYAT, Ukraine, 2011, Reuters Expert, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/us-chernobyl-disasterpersists-idUSTRE72E5CT20110315 © All Rights Reserved.

266

62. Study: [Chromosome instability revealed in children of fathers irradiated during Chernobyl accident], a OB, Pedan LR, Tsitol Genet. 2005 Jul-Aug;39(4):32-40, PMID: 16396329, [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] © All Rights Reserved. 63. Article: Chernobyl Journal (Volume1), http://www.angelfire.com/extreme4/kiddofspeed/journal/articles.html © All Rights Reserved. 64. Article: Quotes from People Who Lived around Chernobyl at Time of Disaster, Malcolm, 2009, Frog Style Bisquit, http://frogstylebiscuit.com/node/773. © All Rights Reserved. 65. The source of the quotes is an independent forum: Picture tour of Chernobyl as it is today. Very interesting, reddit.com. The quotes are anonymous because the forum does not reveal full names, just the user nick names. 66. Report: THE OTHER REPORT ON CHERNOBYL (TORCH) AUTHORS – Summary and Conclusions, Ian Fairlie, PhD, UK. David Sumner, DPhil, UK, MS as amended by IF and DS, Version 2 March 28, An independent scientific evaluation of the health and environmental effects of the Chernobyl, nuclear disaster with critical analyses of recent reports by the International Atomic Energy, Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) 67. Study: LANDBIRD PRODUCTIVITY IN CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA: THE RELATIONSHIP TO ANNUAL RAINFALL, AND A REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE IN 1986. DAVID F. DESANTE AND GEOFFREY R. GEUPEL, Point Reyes Bird Observatory4, 990 Shoreline Highway, Stinson Beach, CA 94970. The Condor 89-636-653. The Cooper Ornithological Society 1987. The Institute for Birds Populations CA USA, http://www.birdpop.org/Staff.htm. Study can be downloaded here: http://eon3emfblog.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/DeSante_and_Geupel_1987.pdf © All Rights Reserved. 68. Article: Chernobyl and What to Expect from Fukushima - The Facts, 2011, rense.com, http://www.rense.com/general93/chern.htm © All Rights Reserved. 69. Article: Effects of the Chernobyl Disaster on Sámi Life, by Melanie Blackwell, 2003, http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/dieda/socio/chernobyl.htm © All Rights Reserved. 70. Report: THE OTHER REPORT ON CHERNOBYL (TORCH) AUTHORS – Summary and Conclusions, Ian Fairlie, PhD, UK. David Sumner, DPhil, UK, MS as amended by IF and DS, Version 2, March 28. An independent scientific evaluation of the health and environmental effects of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster with critical analyses of recent reports by the International Atomic Energy, Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) © All Rights Reserved. 71. Article: Effects of the Chernobyl Disaster on Sámi Life, by Melanie Blackwell, 2003, http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/dieda/socio/chernobyl.htm © All Rights Reserved.

Lesson 7: Fukushima Nightmare

267

1. Fukushima victims?, Bleeding Edge Blog, Panokroko, 2011, Fukushima victims? © All Rights Reserved. 2. Article: Fukushima: It’s much worse than you think, Dahr Jamail, 2011, Aljazeera, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/06/201161664828302638.html © All Rights Reserved. 3. Article: Fukushima already ten times worse than Chernobyl in ocean waters, suggests data, by: Ethan A. Huff, staff writer, 2011, NaturalNews.com – Natural Health, Natural Living, Natural News, © All Rights Reserved. http://www.naturalnews.com/032678_Fukushima_ocean.html, NaturalNews.com NaturalNews Exclusive/NaturalNews Exclusive, All Rights Reserved" 4. Article: "Situation at Fukushima out of control", 2011, http://rt.com/news/situation-fukushima-nocontrol, Live video can be downloaded here: http://rt.com/files/news/situation-fukushima-nocontrol/ded.flv?download=1. Christopher Busby is a known British independent scientist, NaturalNews.com NaturalNews Exclusive/NaturalNews Exclusive, All Rights Reserved" © All Rights Reserved. 5. Quotation excerpted from an articleNuclear meltdown at Fukushima plant by Julian Ryall in Tokyo,2011, Telegraph.co.uk, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8509502/Nuclearmeltdown-at-Fukushima-plant.html. TEPCO - Tokyo Electric Power Company Co., Ltd. (TEPCO) is the largest electric power company in Japan and the largest privately owned electric utility in the world. http://www.tepsco.co.jp/oversea/about_tepco.html © All Rights Reserved. 6. http://jen.jiji.com/ 7. Article: Nuclear fuel has melted through base of Fukushima plant by Julian Ryall, Tokyo, 2011, The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8565020/Nuclear-fuel-has-melted-through-base-ofFukushima-plant.html © All Rights Reserved. 8. Excerpted from an article: Worse than meltdown, government report says devastating "meltthrough" has occurred at Fukushima; Official suggests Japan could become "uninhabitable" , by: Ethan A. Huff, staff writer, http://www.naturalnews.com/032657_Fukushima_meltdown.html, NaturalNews.com NaturalNews Exclusive/NaturalNews Exclusive, All Rights Reserved"http://www.naturalnews.com/032657_Fukushima_meltdown.html © All Rights Reserved. 9. US Environmental Protection Agency, http://www.epa.gov/epahome/data.html, Excerpted from article: Washington’s blog, 2011, http://georgewashington2.blogspot.com/2011/06/nuclear-fuel-has-meltedthrough-base-of.html 10. Fukushima Disaster - No Resolution In Sight by Stephen Lendman, 2011, rense.com, http://www.rense.com/general93/fuks.htm © All Rights Reserved. 11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 12. Book, The Truth About Chernobyl by Grigori Medvedev, translated by Evelyn Rossiter, forward by Andrei Sakharov, by Gordon Massingham, 1991, ISBN-10: 0465087752, ISBN-13: 978-0465087754 © All Rights Reserved. 13. http://www.president.gov.ua/en/ © All Rights Reserved.

268

14. Article: Government response to ongoing Fukushima radiation? Deafening silence by Mark Sircus, November 2011, NaturalNews.com, http://www.naturalnews.com/034053_Fukushima_radiation.html, NaturalNews.com NaturalNews Exclusive/NaturalNews Exclusive, All Rights Reserved" © All Rights Reserved. 15. This quote was excerpted from a CNN John King interview, CNN.com, http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1106/07/jkusa.01.html © All Rights Reserved. 16. In a personal email, environmental researcher Dr. Ilya Perlingieri explained the dangers of Japan dumping thousands of tons of radioactive water in the Pacific © All Rights Reserved. 17. Michio Kaku is an American theoretical physicist, the Henry Semat Professor of Theoretical Physics in the City College of New York of City University of New York, the co-founder of string field theory,[1] and a "communicator" and "popularizer" of science. He has written several books about physics and related topics; he has made frequent appearances on radio, television, and film; and he writes extensive online blogs and articles. (Excerpted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michio_Kaku) Visit his official website at: http://mkaku.org/ (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 18. Fukushima Core Meltdown Confirmed by Stephen Lendman, 2011, rense.com, http://www.rense.com/general93/fukmelt.htm © All Rights Reserved. 19. Article: Radiation Map Of Fukushima, Eastern Honshu - Bad News, Washington's Blog, 2011, Rense.com, http://www.rense.com/general94/radbad.htm © All Rights Reserved. 20. FaireWinds.com, Arnold "Arnie" Gundersen is chief engineer of energy consulting company Fairewinds Associates and a former nuclear power industry executive, and who has questioned the safety of the Westinghouse AP1000, a proposed third-generation nuclear reactor.[1] Gundersen has also expressed concerns about the operation of the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant. He served as an expert witness in the investigation of the Three Mile Island accident.[2] Gundersen is chief engineer of Fairewinds Associates, an energy consulting company (Excerpted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Gundersen). More Info, visit: http://www.fairewinds.com/ (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 21. C. Busby, Chernobyl Health Report ECRR 2011, excerpted from an article: ECRR model ECRR prediction on the global health consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Methodology of the European Committee on Radiation Risk, C. Busby, 24-04-2011 http://www.bsrrw.org/?page_id=83 © All Rights Reserved. 22. Excerpted from Article: Japan Held Nuclear Data, Leaving Evacuees in Peril, By NORIMITSU ONISHI and MARTIN FACKLER, August 8, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/world/asia/09japan.html?pagewanted=all. Furthermore, A version of this article appeared in print on August 9, 2011, on page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Japan Held Nuclear Data, Leaving Evacuees in Peril. © All Rights Reserved. 23. Predicting the global health consequences of the Chernobyl accident, Methodology of the European Committee on Radiation Risk, C. Busby, University of Ulster, European Committee on Radiation Risk,

269

Green Audit, Aberystwyth, 2011, http://www.bsrrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/chernhealthrept3.pdf © All Rights Reserved. 24. Report: Chernobyl's 700,000 "Liquidators" struggle with psychological and social consequences, Staff Report IAEA, August 2005 © All Rights Reserved. 25. Article: Say2.org, http://www.say2.org/the-battle-of-chernobyl/22.htm © All Rights Reserved. 26. Article: http://www.eco-wellness-store.com/NCDliquidzeolite.html © All Rights Reserved. 27. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant_sarcophagus (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 28. Article: Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. 29. Article: Independent: Why Fukushima is worse than Chernobyl; "Now the truth is coming out" — 72,000 times worse than Hiroshima & 1 million+ cancer deaths, says professor, ENENEWS Staff, 2011, EneryNews, http://enenews.com/independent-why-fukushima-is-worse-than-chernobyl-now-the-truth-iscoming-out-72000-times-worse-than-hiroshima-1-million-cancer-deaths-says-professor © All Rights Reserved. 30. Article: Fukushima already ten times worse than Chernobyl in ocean waters, suggests data, by: Ethan A. Huff, Naturalnews.com, http://www.naturalnews.com/032678_Fukushima_ocean.html, NaturalNews.com NaturalNews Exclusive/NaturalNews Exclusive, All Rights Reserved" © All Rights Reserved. 31. Video: 1,000 times worse than anticipated: Fukushima, Fukushima Accident Severity Level Raised to ‘7’: Gundersen Discusses lack of US Radiation Monitoring Data, www.fairewinds.com, April 13th, 2011 © All Rights Reserved. 32. Article: Fukushima: Japan's Second Nuclear Disaster, By Sherwood Ross, Global Research, November 10, 2011. Sherwood Ross is a Miami-based public relations consultant who also writes on political, social, and military topics. http://www.globalresearch.ca/PrintArticle.php?articleId=27587 © All Rights Reserved. 33. Article: News: Actual fallout was 10 times more than reported by Mochizuki, 2011, Fukushima Dairy, http://fukushima-diary.com/2011/10/news-actual-fall-out-was-10-times-more-than-reported/ © All Rights Reserved. 34. Article: Fukushima: 50 Times Worse Than Chernobyl by Bob Nichols, © All Rights Reserved.http://originaldialogue.blogspot.com/2011/05/fukushima-50-times-worse-than-chernobyl.html 35. Press Conference: "The Dangers of Nuclear War" Montreal, 18 March 2011. Helen Caldicott, M.D., stated at the Canadian News Conference in Montreal on March 18, 2011 for "The Dangers of Nuclear War" that Fukushima’s meltdown in Japan is far worse than Chernobyl (many times over in proportion) and I think those that were aware of this already knew that... I’m glad to see people speaking about the truth on what is really going on. The Press Conference is available on internet.

270

36. Article: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Exclusion Zone, Wikipedia.org (MediaWiki:Copyright) © Wikipedia.org All Rights Reserved. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Exclusion_Zone, 37. Article: "How we made the Chernobyl rain" by Richard Gray, 12:01AM BST 22 Apr 2007, © All Rights Reserved. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1549366/Howwe-made-the-Chernobyl-rain.html (37 to 68) 72. Article: Chernobyl And What To Expect From Fukushima - The Facts, 2011, rense.com, © All Rights Reserved. http://www.rense.com/general93/chern.htm 73. Article: Effects of the Chernobyl Disaster on Sámi Life by Melanie Blackwell, 2003, © All Rights Reserved. http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/dieda/socio/chernobyl.htm 74. Information Source: http://www.chernobyl.info, © All Rights Reserved. Excerpted from: http://www.blacksmithinstitute.org/projects/display/162 75. Study: One year after Chernobyl – radioactive Caesium in breast milk, Lechner W., Brunner P., Huter O., Daxenbichler G., Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Innsbruck. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1987 Nov 6; 99(21):767-8., PMID: 3424845, [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE], http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3424845 © All Rights Reserved. 76. Article: Japan gov’t finds 165 locations over wide area with Caesium-137 exceeding Chernobyl evacuation levels — Data shows radiation could be "spreading to other areas" by ENEWS Staff , Aug 2011, EnergyNews, http://enenews.com/japan-govt-finds-165-locations-wide-area-Caesium-137-exceedingchernobyl-evacuation-levels-data-shows-radiation-could-be-spreading-other-areas © All Rights Reserved. 77. Article: Japan radiation detected in US rainwater, March, 2011, RT1 Question More, http://rt.com/usa/news/japan-radiation-usa-rainwater/ © All Rights Reserved. 78. Article: Fukushima radiation in US rainwater and milk (Updated), David Case, Nuclear watchdog says Fukushima releases now rival Chernobyl, GlobalPost, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/japan/110408/fukushima-radiation-tsunaminuclear © All Rights Reserved. 79. Article: Japan Warns Of Contaminated Beef From Fukushima, 2011, http://www.redorbit.com/, http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/2080561/japan_warns_of_contaminated_beef_from_fukushima/index .html © All Rights Reserved. 80. Article: Japan Nuclear Radiation in Hawaii Milk 2033% above Federal Drinking Water Limits, Alexander Higgins, 2011, Source via Alexander Higgins Blog, http://blog.alexanderhiggins.com/2011/04/11/japan-nuclear-radiation-hawaii-milk-2033-percent-federaldrinking-water-limits-16130/ © All Rights Reserved. Bird Study in Japan: Many species show "dramatically" elevated DNA mutation rates, developmental abnormalities and extinctions © All Rights Reserved. 81. Minute levels of radiation detected in breast milk, Daily life in Tokyo, http://dailylifetokyo.blogspot.com/2011/05/minute-levels-of-radiation-detected-in.html, © All Rights Reserved.

271

82. Nuclear expert says Fukushima radiation coming to USA, massive cover-up under way by PF Louis, 2011, NaturalNews.com, http://www.naturalnews.com/033481_Fukushima_radiation.html#ixzz1WjTz0RD7, NaturalNews.com NaturalNews Exclusive/NaturalNews Exclusive, All Rights Reserved" 83. Book: Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences) [Paperback], Alexey V. Yablokov (Editor), Vassily B. Nesterenko (Editor), Alexey V. Nesterenko (Editor), Janette D. Sherman-Nevinger (Editor), Publication Date: January 12, 2010, ISBN-10: 1573317578 | ISBN-13: 978-1573317573 © All Rights Reserved. 84. Source of the information: Physician and Epidemiologist Say 35% Spike in Infant Mortality in Northwest Cities Since Meltdown Might Be the Result of Fallout from Fukushima, George Washington, http://georgewashington2.blogspot.com/ © All Rights Reserved. 85. Documentary: Trinity and Beyond, documentary directed by Peter Kuran, Goldhill Home Media Studio, 2006, ASIN: B000GFRI72 © All Rights Reserved. 86. Information Source: Source: Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, Japanese authorities, UNSCEAR. *Becquerels are a measurement of radiation, Chernobyl Children’s Life Line, Courts, 61 Petworth Road, Haslemere, Surrey, GU27 3AX, English Registered Charity 1014274; Scottish Registration SC 040136. Excerpted from Perspective on Japan’s Nuclear Disaster: Radiation Risk Model Shows 120,000 Cases of Cancer in Tokyo, Chernobyl Children’s Lifeline, Newsbury and District Link, © All Rights Reserved. http://www.ccll.org.uk/newbury/index.php?ccllID=38cb43b2f52f06d26c4ca8dd125babe5&page=MENU_16 123_N 87. Chernobyl The Facts What You Need to Know Almost 20 Years after the Disaster, www.chernobyl-international.org. 1-888-CCP-8080. © All Rights Reserved. 88. Fukushima: It’s much worse than you think by Dahr Jamail, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/06/201161664828302638.html

272

Peter Havasi:

Biography

"Only freedom from prejudice and tireless zeal avail for the most holy of the endeavours of mankind, the practice of the true art of healing." - Samuel Hahnemann, Founder of Homeopathy (1755-1843) 273

Peter Havasi (Nutr.Th, Herb.Th, Irid, Acu, Natur, Hom, Aura, Itec, Bsy) is an independent cancer researcher, historian, speaker, health educator, life-strategist and martial artist. Thomas A. Edison said, "The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest his or her patients in the care of the human frame, in a proper diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease." In the early years of life he witnessed how his close family members suffered from cancer epidemics. Watching them die slowly in agony, this experience left deep marks in both his heart and soul. Peter Havasi: "There is nothing more important in the world today than to be open-minded, reading between the lines, questioning facts, cultivating the big picture perspective and always looking outside of the box. My concept of freedom, wealth and happiness is based on searching for ways how to build physical, emotional and spiritual strengths as well as cultivate an independent mindset. This is what I truly believe in!" Without hesitation, he dropped the world of finance and swapped it for professional sports career and travelling. As a professional mountain- bike guide, he passionately tamed many mountain tracks in various places of the Mediterranean. A fast-paced modern lifestyle didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t last for long. After few years the health destructive lifestyle began to reflect itself in forms of various health problems. 274

Finding out that his condition falls into the same category as CANCER, he soon realized that his own health faces the same journey downhill towards the same slaughterhouse his close relatives experienced. Throughout his sports career, Peter’s frame of mind changed into a warrior attitude challenging everything beyond its reach. Peter got the message loud and clear, and he saw gaining his health back another SPORTS CHALLENGE. In a split of a second he threw his career and immediately swapped it for a long and intense healing crusade, exploring ways how to heal diseases, BUILD POWERFUL HEALTH and WIN HIS LIFE BACK. Peter Havasi: "I have always wanted to make something big out of my life. Riding bikes day and night, testing your own boundaries sounds like fun, but there is more than that! At some stage I came to a point, that… it is finding the STRENGTH to face the deepest fears, what makes a man’s life truly BIG!" Peter obtained the knowledge and skills in many healing arts specializing in cancer and other modern epidemics. Among others, Peter got certified in Herbal Healing Arts, Nutritional Healing Arts, Naturopathy, Iridology, Acupressure and Massage, Homeopathy, and Yoga and Pilates. Peter is also a certified Fitness Coach specializing in High- Intensity Excercise. On top of natural healing, Peter also became a student of several martial arts, practicing them daily. His work is based on cancer research, self-publishing and public education.

275

Peter Havasi: "I see the art of natural healing as the most self-oriented form of martial arts. Even on different levels, both develop strength, power, integrity, toughness, co-ordination, speed, and balance â&#x20AC;&#x201C; amongst others. Both cultivate a powerful character based on discipline, prediction, responsibility, respect, honorâ&#x20AC;Ś you name it. From my perspective, arts of healing and arts of fighting are ONE and the same." Peter believes that if you learn how to prevent cancer, you will learn how to heal and prevent many other problems which became our modern epidemics. Throughout the healing crusade, Peter explored all possible methods of supporting the body, mind and spirit by natural NOURISHING, CLEANSING, RE-BALANCING, and STRENGTHENING. Beside strong health followed by endless discipline and passion, Peter also strongly believes in FREEDOM, TRUTH and JUSTICE. With his book series, he shows that the world does possess adequate information resources to PREVENT and HEAL CANCER efficiently with the help of safe natural alternatives. Peter is not afraid to challenge and reveal thousands of studies, bring dead cancer healers back to life, and share their healing stories with YOU. He has led a rebellious, crusading, sacrificing and colorful life to bring the truth into the light. Not many professionals would dare put their professional, financial and social reputations on the line as many times as this courageous maverick has.

276

Peter reveals medical truths and deceptions, often at risk of being labeled heretical. He is driven by passion for living a long and powerful life and wants his readers to share that passion. Their health and well- being comes first. Peter is anti-dogmatic and unwavering in his dedication to improve the quality of life of his readers. He has repeatedly gone far beyond the call of duty in his work to spread the truth about the history of cancer healing. For several years, he endured economic and physical and social hardship to research independently the history of alternative cancer healing. This learning experience, not to mention his dynamic story telling ability and wit, makes his books uniquely interesting and easy to read. He shares his openminded opinion to health care, often amazing his readers by telling them how to jumpstart the powers of natural healing and make them work for them. With his work, Peter brings a natural ALTERNATIVE to hospitals, medical doctors, butchery, chemical drugs, and personal physical, emotional and financial bankruptcy caused by our system of disease management. The authorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s personal commitment is to integrate an alternative among standardized dysfunction of chronic diseases with medical doctors, drugs and agonizing surgical operations. Peter dedicated his professional life to building and integrating his practice of health enhancement amongst those who are interested. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s called "Building POWERFUL HEALTH", also known as HAVASI LIFE BUILDING. In comparison to the standard treatment, HAVASI Life Building is more fun, far less costly, and it allows you to live your life to the fullest potential!

277

You gotta love livin', baby, 'cause dyin' is a pain in the ass. - Frank Sinatra

Photo: Peter Havasi (right) aiming high with his mountain-bike partner, Hristian Drosev (left) Antalya, Turkey (2005). 278

MAXIMIZE your KNOWLEDGE with the next Volume! You may have finished reading this book, but there is more on the way! My Life Building crusade brings to life a whole fleet of books to bring YOU a step closer towards powerful health! In the next book, "The Education of Cancer Healing Volume II: Specialists" you will be revealed as follows:



Conventional Cancer treatment – The good, the bad and the ugly



Politics behind Conventional Cancer Treatment



History of Surgery Chemotherapy



History of Radiation Therapy



Media Cover-up …and much m

More info at: www.PETERHAVASI.com 279

ore!

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume I: Wake-up Call

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume II: Specialists

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume III: Ancients

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume IV: Pioneers

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume V: Explorers

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume VI Mavericks

More info at: www.PETERHAVASI.COM280

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume VII: Heretics

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume VIII: Martyrs

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume IX: All-In-One

Peter Havasi - The Education of Cancer Healing Volume X: Warriors

More info at: wwwPETERHAVASI.com

281

282