SOLUTIONS

FOUNDATIONAL LEAN TOOLS

By Jon Kantola, project manager, RobbJack Corporation

Afew simple Lean tools build a foundation for sustained Lean improvement. Surprisingly, Lean Manufacturing attempts fail an estimated 70% to 90% of the time, even when organizations have the best intentions when it is implemented. Companies that succeed with Lean realize that it requires a long-term effort at culture change, a new way of thinking that senior management champions daily. They drive a focus on increasing customer value rather than on internal cost reductions, understanding that providing what customers want, when they want it, for the right price will increase sales revenue. Daily Lean activity to improve processes that drive customer value will result in cost savings.

Another key to success is in how Lean is introduced to the company. Consultants often are hired to train staff in key concepts and tools during a “Lean implementation,” but the goal should be an evolution of the “company Lean way” that morphs the consultant’s instructional content into a best fit culture for your organization. If you study Toyota methods, apply the concepts that click with your team, but do not try to become Toyota. Learn and use the right Lean tools for the moment and for your team, then put those that do not work back in the toolbox. There are some foundational tools that managers and staff will use every day that should be incorporated into your “company Lean way” from day one. These tools go after the low hanging fruit of improvement company-wide, from the office to the shop.

GEMBA WALKS

Senior managers are change agents, advocates, mentors and cheerleaders for the company’s Lean initiatives, regardless of how busy they are or their personal Lean skillset. GEMBA is a Japanese concept developed by Taichi Ohno that helps busy managers maintain Lean momentum “where work gets done.” It has three main principles: Go and see, ask why and respect people. Managers are challenged to walk through the shop and offices to observe work conditions, monitor improvement projects, check on key process metrics, and mentor and encourage staff. The team at RobbJack Corporation in Lincoln, California, has taken GEMBA a step further and incorporated internal audits with a “kamishibai” card system, which simply is a visual indicator that an assigned action has been completed. In this case, when the green side of the card is visible on the department huddle board, the department passed the audit. A red card means the employees have an issue to address. Each GEMBA card has several questions and example answers related to Lean concepts, standard work, vision/mission/ strategy or one of the ISO 9000 elements. Five of these cards are placed in each work center and office, and managers are assigned a department and card via an automated system. They perform the GEMBA at their convenience, but within a scheduled timeline, and record their observations in SharePoint. The advantage of this system is that managers have a “script” of three simple questions, phrased so employees easily understand and learn what is required, and the GEMBA takes no more than 10 minutes to complete. With eight managers rotating through five cards in 10 departments every two weeks, employees continually are reinforced, the ISO 9000 audit record is extensive and managers frequently are observing how well these next Lean tools are being implemented.

Huddle boards are the home base of value stream activity

5S ORGANIZATION Parents understand the frustration of a teenager’s bedroom, watching their child search for a pair of shoes in various piles so as not to be late to school. The goal of 5S organization is to establish a clean, efficient and waste free foundation for Lean to happen, to expose improvement opportunities lost in clutter – like shoes in a teenager’s room. This Lean concept comes from five Japanese words that loosely translate to Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize and Sustain.

Begin a 5S cycle by Sorting through equipment, tooling, fixtures, supplies, furniture, etc., within each work center to identify what can be removed. Everything retained then should be Set in Order with a controlled location. Shadow boards, drawer inserts with cutouts and floor outlines are

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examples that immediately identify where items belong. Next, clean your floor, tools and equipment to make them Shine. Maintenance issues quickly are identified when not buried under a buildup of gunk, reducing equipment downtime. The first three 5S steps need to become Standard work, part of the daily Lean routine with checklists, schedules, instructions or similar mechanisms that encourage good housekeeping habits. Although 5S is an ongoing cycle of sorting, ordering, shining and standardizing, it is Sustained when it becomes part of the culture. Managers can reinforce and sustain 5S during their GEMBA walks.

VALUE STREAM MAPPING In its simplest form, a value stream map is a flowchart of your order-to-cash business processes, perhaps created first with Post-it Notes on a whiteboard. Adding specific information to each operation – like cycle time, setup/changeover time, uptime, queue time, shifts and manpower – helps your team visualize how product moves through the shop and prioritize improvement actions. Start with a current-state map of how things are done today, and then build a future-state map for each product family with common operations or machines and similar costs. These product-based value streams are cross-functional, with order-to-cash responsibility eliminating department “silos” that isolate staff into protective bubbles.

At RobbJack, for example, there are five value streams: PCD tools, slitting saws, large diameter end mills, small diameter mills and PVD coatings. Each has a unique set of equipment and staff responsible for satisfying customer demand, from order entry through shipping. Orders flow through a value stream with common goals, improved collaboration, good communication and transparent metrics. Problem solving and continuous improvement are performed by each cross-functional team, with members representing order-to-cash functions.

PDCA CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT Value Stream teams use another vital and simple Lean tool for continuous improvement: the Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle that begins when a problem or opportunity is identified. The bulk of work is performed in the first step of the cycle, where problems are clearly defined, target outcomes are established, data collection tools are created and the actions to be taken are set with accountability and due dates. PDCA plans should scope to short, quick actions that prove or disprove an idea or solution within a week or two. Anything longer should be divided into multiple PDCA activities. Limiting change is equally important, lest too many adjustments to process variables obscure the root cause of a problem or the single factor contributing the greatest improvement. The next three steps often blur together as teams execute the plan, collect data on the results and act based on their observations. RobbJack’s PDCA record is on A3 size paper, allows for six separate cycles, shows the plan with accountability and reports the results and findings. Although data collection is on other forms, the PDCA record allows only enough space for about two weeks of do, check and act. When the team runs out of space, they need to restate the objective and start a new cycle.

HUDDLE BOARDS The foundational cornerstone and home base of value stream activity is a “huddle board,” a large whiteboard that displays each team mission and company strategy, current staffing status, key performance metrics and tracking charts, PDCA cycle records and GEMBA cards. All teams gather daily for a 10-minute stand-up meeting to review each subject on the board, highlight plans for the shift and discuss any PDCA findings. Members take turns leading the huddle meetings to promote engagement, participation and understanding of what is on the board.

FOUNDATION FOR SUCCESS Organizations that embark on a Lean journey are making a significant investment in consulting, training, infrastructure and time. They also commit to disrupting the status quo in which many employees are comfortable and the reason why most companies fail to break free from their traditional culture. To encourage ongoing and sustained change, senior management must “know the way, show the way and go the way” with a strong Lean foundation built on a few important tools. GEMBA walks encourage managers to interact with value stream teams and to monitor 5S organization and PDCA continuous improvement progress. Huddle boards not only ensure transparency, collaboration and communication, but also are the perfect time for managers to reinforce why Lean is so important: Delivering the highest customer value possible is the surest strategy for success.

Jon Kantola has practiced Lean and continuous improvement in manufacturing operations for over 30 years as a production manager, quality manager, program manager, certified quality engineer and contract trainer. He has helped companies find “their Lean way” in the OEM automotive, performance automotive aftermarket, aerospace, sintered metal and cutting tool industries. He is a project manager for RobbJack Corporation and can be reached by emailing jon@robbjack.com.

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HEIDENHAIN OFFERS RSF SEALED ENCODERS RSF Elektronik has announced the launch of a sealed linear encoder series for high-end metrology applications. Offered through Schaumburg, Illinois-based parent company HEIDENHAIN CORPORATION, these MSA 7xx/8xx model encoders offer easy mounting solutions, optical comparators and video measuring machines. The encoders offer high signal quality and long-term stability through integration of HEIDENHAIN Signal Processing, ensuring the best signals are generated from the 20µm grating of the scale inside the aluminum extrusion. For more information, visit www.heidenhain.us.

[1] PLATINUM TOOLING OFFERS ANGLE HEAD LINE Platinum Tooling Technologies, Inc., Prospect Heights, Illinois, a provider of machine tool accessories, has announced Heimatec’s newest line of angle heads, available in popular sizes and styles to accommodate machine tools and CNC machining center builders. Designed for heavy milling, deep drilling and tapping operations, the line features twin or double twin sets of matched angular contact bearings plus a rear radial support bearing. The gears on these angle heads have inclined teeth and have been specially hardened, ground and lapped in sets to provide smooth transmission output. For more information, email phansen@platinumtooling.com.

PCS ADDS BOLEXP BALL GUIDED EJECTION BUSHING PCS Company, Fraser, Michigan, a provider of solutions for the, moldmaking industry. Offers BOLEXP ball guidance bushings, made with an outer casing of steel which holds fixed inside a high-resistance bronze cage for guiding the balls. The translation system consists of several rows of precision balls circulating endlessly. Featuring high-precision ball bearings – 60-62 HRc – the novelty of BOLEXP ball guidance bushes is that balls do not run aligned with the translation motion, but at a slight angle, thus enlarging the contact area with the shaft and enabling greater load capacity. For more information, visit www.pcs-company.com.

[2] HYPERTHERM RELEASES ROBOTMASTER 7.4, Hypertherm, Hanover, New Hampshire, a manufacturer of industrial cutting systems and software, released Robotmaster Version 7.4, an offline robot programming software. Enhancements were made, such as to Remote Tool Center Point (RTCP) for an improved end user experience; additions to the surface paths for applications such as polishing, grinding, deburring and more; faster processing times when saving, loading and calculating jobs, plus improved feedback during simulation for faster part programming times; and enhancement to the Robotmaster Interactive Simulation Environment (RISE). Visit www.hypertherm.com.

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[3] ROLLOMATIC INTRODUCES NEW SHAPESMART® NP30 Rollomatic, a machine tool manufacturer with North American headquarters in Mundelein, Illinois, presented the ShapeSmart® NP30, replacing the original NP3+ model. Rollomatic’s pinch/peel grinding methodology offers highest concentricity for long and thin parts. The machine utilizes two grinding wheels running on separate spindles and positioned on independently controlled CNC linear slides. Both the finish and the roughing station have a separate direct drive synchronous spindle motor. Also new is a redesigned work head for higher stability when grinding large parts. Visit www.RollomaticUSA.com.

DME LAUNCHES NEW LT-SERIES LIFETIME SIDE LOCKS DME, Madison Heights, Michigan, a maker of mold bases, components and more, has announced the new DME LTSeries LifeTime Roller Lock, featuring an improved design and availablity in three materials: D2 steel, DC53 steel and 440C stainless steel. The tri- and penta-lock interlacing locking design delivers a more precise location and holding power of the final lock-up. For more information, visit www.dme.net/lifetime-locks.

[4] PROGRESSIVE ADDS MOLD COOLING INNOVATIONS Progressive Components, Wauconda, Illinois, providers of standard and proprietary mold components and mold monitoring devices, has provided more options to route cooling lines within tools, including the machine groove detail so the subsequent replacement during mold maintenance is easy to locate and purchase. O-rings are available for both face sealing and core sealing applications and are offered in two material options: Buna-N for temperatures up to 225°F and Viton® for temperatures up to 400°F. For more information, visit www.procomps.com.