Portfolio-Peng Gao by PGao

ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO PENG GAO

CONTENTS

PREFACE BEGIN

LIGHT PUPA GROWTH

HIDDEN HUB FLIGHT

CITY WEAVES SURFACE II

S.L.U.G. ENJOY

AFTER HUMAN END

OTHER WORKS EXPLORE

PREFACE

SINCE THE FIRST DAY OF MY JOURNEY TO BECOME AN ARCHITECT, I HAVE CONTINUOUSLY ASKING MYSELF WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ARCHITECTURE. I WAS ATTRACTED BY THE STRUCTURE SYSTEMS IN OUR DAILY LIFE AS WELL AS IN THE SCIENCE WORLD. STUDIES ON BEAUTY OF VARIOUS STRUCTURE PROVIDE ME INSPIRATIONS AND PLAY BIG ROLE IN MY DESIGN WORKS. STRUCTURE IS THE FOUNDATION AND HELPFUL TOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, HOWEVER, I ALSO BELIEVE THAT A BUILDING EXISTS BECAUSE IT HAS RELATIONS TO PEOPLE AS WELL AS TO ITS SURRANDINGS. THESE RELATIONS GIVE ARCHITECTURE MEANINGS, FORMING IDENTITIES OF SPACE INSIDE OF PEOPLEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S MIND. IN THIS WAY, ARCHITECTURE IS NO LONGER ICY SILENT OBJECTS, BUT MEANINGFUL SPACE THAT PEOPLE CAN FEEL, UNDERSTAND, REMEMBER, AND FINALLY BECOME PART OF OUR LIFE. ARCHITECTRUE FOLLOWS A CLOSE LOOP OF LOGICAL CHAIN, WHICH STARTS WITH RELATIONS AND END UP WITH THEM AS WELL. PEOPLE, MATTER, AND NATURE WEAVE COMPLEX WEBS OF RELATION. WITH CONSIDERATION OF THESE, ARCHITECTURE HAS BASIC ELEMENTS TO RESONATE WITH PEOPLE. THROUGH THOUGHTFUL DESIGN PROCESS, ARCHITECTURE WILL ENHANCE, MAINTAIN, OR WEAKEN CERTAIN RELATIONS. BY MAXIMIZING POSITIVE PARTS AND MINIMIZING NEGAIVE ONES, ARCHITECTURE WILL HELP US TO LIVE A BETTER LIFE. THIS PORTFOLIO IS A COLLECTION OF MY RECENT WORKS. WITH HELP OF STRUCTURE ANALYSES, THESE WORKS DESIGN FROM, WITH, AND FOR RELATIONS OF PEOPLE TO PEOPLE, PEOPLE TO MATTER, AS WELL AS PEOPLE TO NATURE, SHOWING HOW ARCHITECTURE CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE. 01

LIGHT PUPA

NATURAL GROWTH IN URBAN CENTER VERTICAL FARM DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES INDIVIDUAL WORK 2013.9-2013.12 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: AS THE GLOBAL GROWTH OF HUMAN POPULATION EXPLODES, THE AMOUNT OF ARABLE LAND DECREASES IN RESPONSE. AS THE NEED TO REDUCE FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION BECOMES MORE ACUTE, THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVES BECOMES EVER MORE URGENT. THE VAST MAJORITY OF HUMANS LIVING IN THIS CENTURY WILL BE URBAN DWELLERS. IN ORDER TO ADDRESS THIS SITUATION, WE LOOK TO THE DESIGN OF CITIES FOR OPPORTUNITIES TO RESOLVE CURRENT AND FUTURE PROBLEMS. VERTICAL FARMS, AS A RELEVANT HYPOTHESIS OF LOCAL SOLUTION, PROVIDE GOODS AND SERVICES THAT PROMOTE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND REDUCE THE NEED FOR LONG DISTANCE TRANSPORTATION. BASED ON STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN URBAN POPULATION, AGRICULTURE CONDITIONS, AND NATURE GROWTH PROCESS OF PLANTS. THIS PROJECT WAS DESIGNED WITH STRUCTURAL DOUBLE SKIN SYSTEM, WHICH ALLOW NATURAL SUNLIGHT PASS THROUGH TO BUILD A NATURAL GROWING FARM IN THE HEART OF DENSE URBAN AREA. 02

AGRICULTURE ANALYSIS OF CALIFORNIA AND LOS ANGELES

SUNGLOWER

30%

PEPPERS & CHILE

30%

BR OC CO LI

CA RR OT

ERY

CHI LL P EPP ER

COR N

MBER

CEL

ORCHIDS ROSE

SUNFLOWER

PLUM

PINEAPPLE PEACH

TULIP

ORAN GE

IRIS

NOTABLE DECREASES IN CALIFORNIA CASH RECEIPTS:

SU GA R

RANK OF SEEDS SALES IN CALIFORNIA:

H O L LY W O O D

LOS ANGELES

RIC E

FULL SHADE

BLUE LIGHT / VEGETATIVE STAGE

TEA

RED LIGHT / FLOWERING STAGE DEMAND INCREASE DEMAND DECREASE

FARM PRODUCTS

ETHNIC COMPOSITION

-15% FROM 2007 TO 2012

2.0

9. WATERMELON 10. RADISH 11. MELON 12. COFFEE 13. ROSE 14. BANANA 15. ZINNIA

DAPPLED SUN

RY ER

-16%

-19%

ASPARAGUS

S UN LI G H T R E Q U I R E M E N T L APP

SPINACH

POPULATION GROWTH FARM PRODUCTION VALUE - 41% FROM 2007 TO 2012 FARMLAND AREA

CH ER R

IAL COLOR SPEC TRUM NA NA

-21%

B EN E FI C

FULL SUN PARTIAL SUN / PARTIAL SHADE

B UE BL

-22%

GARLIC

TS NU

LETTUCE

GR AP E

Y NE

3.5 4.0 MILLION 275 350 MILLION DOLLARS 125 150 THOUSAND ACRES

-22%

3.0

-23%

HONEY

KIW IFR U

P O P UL A RIT Y HO

200

PECANS

100%

1960

1970

POPULATION & AGE GROUP

1980

1990

2000

50% 25%

3.884 MILLION

2010 2013

75%

POTATO LETTUCE ASPARAGUS

TOMATO CHILL FLOUR CORN

100

-26%

BROCCOLI

LEM ON

E FLO

2.5

-27%

125

KIWIFRUIT

-28%

MELO N

FE COF

OATS

BERRY

RASPBERRY

GIES & HE VEG R

Z INN

1. TOMATO 2. PEPPER 3. SQUASH 4. CUCUMBER 5. CARROT 6. BEAN 7. LETTUCE 8. CORN

CUCU

STRAW

FLOWERS

73%

COLOR SPECT RUM

LILAC

31%

ON RMEL WATE

CACT US

PRODU C

32%

CHERRIES

SH QUA RN S ACO

40%

BLUEBERRIES

US RAG

58%

32%

A ASP

40%

O C AD

PUMPKINS SWEET POTATOS

O AV

40 %

42%

R PE EP

ORIE T EG T CA

77%

GRAPES

H LIG

ORANGE

SUN

83%

P LL

FRUIT S

149%

OLIVES

N SU LL E FU AD SH N IAL SU RT ED DE PA PL HA LS

NOTABLE INCREASES IN CALIFORNIA CASH RECEIPTS:

UN /

L FU

ZUC CHIN

LOST 1000 FARMS IN ONE YEAR

CARROTS

OT AT O

TOM ATO

MILES MILES

P DA

IN2011 IN2012

MUSHROOM

BEA N

NUMBER OF FARMS IN CALIFORNIA 81,500 80,500

OLIVE

70 150

ONION

160 MILES

CLOSEST FARMLAND MAJOR FARMLANDS

TO POTA

Y AR EM

SW EE TP

H AC IN SP

5 80 MILES

DISTANCE BEWTEEN LOS ANGELES AND FARMLAND

H DI S RA

S RO

POPULARITY OF THE PRODUCTS IN RANGE OF 0 - 10 10

N PKI PUM

DATA FROM CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS 2012 CROP YEAR BY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA); 2012 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE BY USDA; LOS ANGELES FOOD SYSTEM SNAPSHOT 2013 BY LOS ANGELES FOOD POLICY COUNCIL; BARNEYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FARM SEEDS AND WIKIPEDIA.

EGGPLA NT

PA RT IA GARLIC

HIGH-QUALITY FARMLAND LOW DEVELOPMENT

LETTUCE

HIGH-QUALITY FARMLAND HIGH DEVELOPMENT

0 YEAR(S)

1960

1980

2000

NON-HISPANIC WHITE

1960

1980

2000

AFRICAN AMERICAN

1960

1980

2000

HISPANIC & LATINO

1960

1980

ASIAN

2000

SITE ANALYSIS LOS ANGELES DOWNTOWN

THERE ARE FOUR GROUPS OF PEOPLE WHO ARE ACTIVE AROUND DOWNTOWN AREA OF LOS ANGELES, INCLUDING RESIDENTS, EMPLOYEES, VISITORS, AND HOMELESS. A LOT OF HOTELS, MARKETS, TOURIST ATTRACTIONS, AS WELL AS RESIDENTIAL AREA ARE LOCATED AROUND THE SITE.

POTENTIAL USER TO HO HOTELS OF THE FARM TTO MARK ARKETS AR RK TO RESIDENTIAL DENTIAL ENTIAL AREA AR ARE TOURIST ST ATTR ST ATTRAC ATT ATTRACTIO ATTRACTIONS ATTRAACT ATTRACT ACC MAJOOR OR TTOURIS TOURIS RIS IIST IS SSTT RO ROUTE UTE SITEE

GGROOUP & PPOPU OPULATI ULATI LATION LAT O ACTI ACT AACTIVE AC T VE TIME ME M DURA RATIO RA ATION ION ON ON VISIT TYPE ACTI CTT VITI CTIVI VI ES

52,400

RESI E DENTS 0:00

6:00

0H 15MIN

12:00 1H

1.5H

VISITT TTY TYPE: TYPE PE: E RE REGULAR REGU EEGULA EG G LA GULA LAR VVISI LAR VIIS T VIS

18:00

24:00

ACTI AAC C IVVVITIES:: SH SHOP SHO HOP HOOPP HO PPPIN PING,EAT PING G,EAT EAT ATI ATIING,GARDE AT N R ENING E G EMPLOYEES 0:00

500,000

6:00

0H 15MIN

12:00 1H

VISIT TYPE: REGULAR VISIT

18:00 2H

24:00 3H

ACTIVITIES: EATING, SHOPPING PORTERS 0:00 0H

6:00 0.5H

12:00 1H

VISIT TYPE: REGULAR VISIT

18:00 2H

24:00 3H

ACTIVITIES: WORKING VISITORS 0:00 0H

10,000,000

6:00 0.5H

18:00

12:00 1H

24:00 3H

VISIT TYPE: OCCASIONAL VISIT

ACTIVITIES: VISITING, SHOPPING, EATING UNKNOWN

HOMELESS 0:00

6:00

12:00 1H

18:00 2H

VISIT TYPE: OCCASIONAL VISIT

24:00 3H

ACTIVITIES: BEGGING, EATING

SOLAR ANALYSIS

UNIFIED SOLAR ENERGY GAIN AREA

300 FT SUNRISE

6:00

10:00 175 FT

SOLAR PATH OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, MOST PART OF THE PATH ON SOUTH SIDE OF THE SITE.

SOLAR PATH

SIMULATION FROM SUNRISE TO SUNSET, SHOWING SUNLIGHT DURATION OF FOUR SEASONS

SOLAR ENERGY GAIN

17:00 18:00

SUNSET

SOLAR PATH OF LOS ANGELES

SEASONAL SOLAR SIMULATION

14:00

MARCH

JUNE

SEPTEMBER

DECEMBER

130 FT 115 FT

ANNUAL SOLAR ENERGY GAIN OF FOUR FACADES 25 FT OF THE BUILDING MASS. 0 FT

kwh/m2 1259.33 1079.43 899.52 719.62 539.71 359.81 179.90

0.00

SIDEBACKS + BUILDING AREA

MIRROR CONCEPT AND PHYSICAL MODEL STUDY

SLOPING SURFACE TO ENLARGE ILLUMINATING AREA

TERRACED FARMING FLOORS

TRANSPARENT SKIN

LOWER LEVELS

SUNLGHT BLOCKED

REFLECTED SUNLIGHT

MIRROR IN THE MIDDLE

REFLECTED SUNLIGHT

250 FT

SITE PLAN

10 0F

130 FT 10

MIRROR REFLECTS SUNLIGHT ELEVATIO

OPTIMAL NATURAL SUNLIGHT ABOVE 130 FT

PHYSICAL MODEL BUILT WITH TRANSPARENT SKIN, TERRACED FLOORS FOR FARMING, AND REFLECTING MIRROR IN THE MIDDLE OF THE BUILDING. NATRUAL SUNLIGHT IS BLOCKED BY SURROUNDING BUILDINGS THAT CANNOT REACH THE LOWER LEVELS. MIRROR REFLECTS SUNLIGHT TO THE LOWER LEVELS, AND PROVIDES ENOUGH LIGHT FOR CERTAIN PLANTS TO GROW. THE MIRROR CAN BE ROTATED AND ADJUSTED FOR DIFFERENT SEASONS AS WELL AS DIFFERENT TIME PERIOD OF THE DAY, TO ENLARGE AREA TO RECEIVE SUNLIGHT AND MAXIMIZE SOLAR ENERGY GAIN ON LOWER LEVELS. (PHOTOS ON RIGHT SHOWING WITH 32.5° SOLAR ELEVATION)

SUMMER

DESIGN PROCESS

CONVEX LENS EFFECT

I ON VAT ELE 4 7° ER INT

32.5° 79.5°

STRUCTURAL SKIN STUDY 1: HEXAGON PATTERN FIRST ITERATION “THE HIVE”

TERRACED FARMING FLOORS

“SKYLIGHT” INTRODUCE SUNLIGHT INTO LOWER LEVELS

MIRROR REFLECTS SUNLIGHT TO LARGER AREA

HONEYCOMB IS ONE OF THE STRONGEST NATRUAL STRUCTURE SYSTEM, WHICH CREATE A UNIFIED HEXAGON PATTERN. HOWEVER, THIS HEXAGON PATTERN IS UNABLE TO PROVIDE SMOOTH TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN UNITS IN DIFFERENT SCALES. PROBLEMS OCCUR WHEN USE FLAT PATTERN TO GENERATE THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE FOR DOUBLE SKIN SYSTEM.

SINGLE SIZE PATTERN

MULTIPLE SIZES PATTERN WITH FLAWS

ONE-D EXTRUSION (LARGE SHEAR FORCE)

REAL HIVE STRUCTURE (TOO COMPLEX TO USE)

PHYSICAL MODEL WITH HEXAGON PATTERN

STRUCTURAL SKIN STUDY 2: RHOMBUS PATTERN STRUCTURAL SKIN PROVIDES COLUMN-FREE SPACE

REGULAR PATTERN WITH UNEVEN STRESS DISTRIBUTION

ADJUSTED PATTERN RESPONSE TO STRESS DISTRIBUTION

SECOND ITERATION “THE RHOMBUS”

RHOMBUS IS A SIMPLE GEOMETRIC FIGURE, WHICH CAN PROVIDE SMOOTH TRANSFORMATION BEWEEN UNITS IN DIFFERENT SCALES. THIS TRANSFORMATION IS NOT LIMITED IN TWO DIMSENTIONAL PATTERN, BUT CAN BE EASILY APPLIED TO THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL UNITS FOR THE DOUBLE SKIN SYSTEM.

STRUCTURE UNIT

COMPRESSION MEMBERS AND TENSION MEMBERS CONSTITUTE EXTERNAL SKIN HELP STABILIZE THE INTERNAL PRIMARY STRUCTURE

REMOVE NON-LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE

ROOF STURCTURE AND THE “SKYLIGHT”

DOUBLE SKIN SYSTEM FOR STABILITY AND ISOLATION

COMPRESSION MEMBERS TENSION MEMBERS COMPRESSION FORCE TENSION FORCE

SINGLE SIZE PATTERN

MULTIPLE SIZES PATTERN

STRUCTURE UNIT

TETRAHEDRON AND STELLATED OCTAHEDRON ARE RESULTS OF FACETTING OF A CUBE ALSO CAN BE CREATED WITH OUTER EDGES OF METHANE MOLECULE, THE SMALLEST UNIT OF ORGANIC STRUCTRUE WHICH HAS NATURAL STABILITY. THE DOUBLE SKIN STURCTURE SYSTEM IS THE RESULT OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN TETRAHEDRON AND ITS POLYTOPE COMPOUND (STELLATED OCTAHEDRON) THIS COMBINATION PROVIDES LATERAL STABILITY AND THERMAL ISOLATION.

SECTIONAL AXON

STRUCTRUAL SKIN EXPLODED AXON

THIS SECTIONAL AXONOMETRIC DRAWING SHOWS FUNCTIONS OF EVERY LEVEL OF THE BUILDING, AND CRUCIAL FEATURES RESPOND TO THE ENVIRONMENT: THE MIRROR AND TRANSPARENT SKIN ENLARGES UTILIZATION RATE OF THE NATRUAL SUNLIGHT. EXTERIOR STRUCTURE, THE MEMBRANE FRAMES, COLLECT RAINWATER AND STORE UNDERGROUND FOR FUTURE USE.

VENTILATION SYSTEM VENTILATION FANS ON TOP OF THE BUILDING HELP CONTROL INTERIOR TEMPERATURE.

HIGHER LEVEL FARMS SUNLIGHT CAN PASS THROUGH THE TRANSPARENT ROOF AND REACH HIGHER LEVEL FARMS, THESE FARMS RECEIVE DIRECT SUNLIGHT ALL YEAR LON, GOOD FOR FRUITING STAGE OF PLANTS.

SPROUTING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

FARMING NATRUAL SUNLIGHT

PRODUCTION LEVEL MIDDLE LEVELS OF THE BUILDING ARE USED FOR PREPARATION, PRODUCTION, AND STORAGE. ARTIFICIAL LIGHT IS USED FOR SPROUTING STAGE OF PLANTS. THE FINAL PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR FARM PRODUCTS ALSO LOCATED ON THESE LEVELS MAKE THEM READY FOR SELL.

SELLING PUBLIC MARKET

MIRROR LARGE MIRROR IN THE MIDDEL OF THE BUILDING, REFLECTS NATRUAL SUNLIGHT TO THE LOWER LEVEL FARMS. SLIDING RAILS TELESCOPIC ARMS MIRROR FRAME THE MIRROR

GLAZING (DOUBLE GLASS) AIR ISOLATION

INTERIOR STRUCTURE

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

MIDDLE STRUCTURE

LATERAL STABILITY

FUNCTION LAYOUT

EXTERIOR STRUCTURE

AIRBAG FRAMES

AIRBAGS (ETFE)

SUNLIGHT FILTER

CIRCULATION

LOWER LEVEL FARMS THESE FARMS RECEIVE REFLECTED LIGHT FROM THE MIRROR. THE LIGHT IS ENOUGH FOR LEAFING AND FLOWERING STAGE OF PLANTS.

PUBLIC SPACE SECOND LEVEL OF THE BUILDING IS PUBLIC SPACE FOR CUSTOMERS, PROVIDES SPACE FOR PEOPLE TO RELAX AND COMMUNICATE.

FARM MARKET FIRST LEVEL OF THE BUILDING IS A CITY MARKET, WHERE SELLS PRODUCTS OF THE VERTICAL FARM TO THE PUBLIC, ALSO PROVIDES DELI TO NEARBY COMMUNITIES.

MIRROR MAINTENANCE AND CONTIOL LOCATED ON THE BACK SIDE OF THE MIRROR, MIDDLE PART OF THE NORTH ELEVATOR.

INDOOR PUBLIC PARK THE LOWEST LEVEL OF THE FARM, RECEIVE LIMITED LIGHT, WHICH IS NOT SUFFICIENT FOR FARM PRODUCTS. USE PERENNIAL PLANTS CREATE INDOOR PUBLIC PARK FOR PEOPLE TO RELAX.

RAINWATER STORAGE RAINWATER CAN BE COLLECTED BY THE FRAMES OF THE AIRBAGS AND LED TO STORAGE TANKS UNDERGROUND.

FARM SERVICE MARKET PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATION GARDEN

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION

22585 SF 18360 SF

STAIRS

16618 SF 4913 SF

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

4851 SF

EXTERIOR CIRCULATION

4815 SF

FARM PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION FRUITING

LEAFING & FLOWERING

SHADE PLANT

DETAILS

WITH MAXIMUM SOLAR ELEVATION SUNLIGHT PASS THROUGH

INTERNAL TRANSPARENT LAYER INFLATING VALVE INTERNAL FRAM

INFLATED AIRBAG

WITH MINIMUM SOLAR ELEVATION SUNLIGHT REFLECTS INSIDE THE AIRBAG AND PASS THROUGH

ER SO SUMM

WIN TER

STI CE

BLOCKS MOST OF SUNLIGHT LET SCATTERED LIGHT IN

DETAIL SECTION OF AIRBAG FRAME

EXTERIOR SKIN AIRBAG FRAME

INTERIOR SKIN PRIMARY STRUCTURE

INFLATING LINE

LSTICE

SOL

UNINFLATED AIRBAG

TOP PART OF EXTERIOR SKIN

TOP PART OF INTERIOR SKIN

RAINWATER

INFLATED AIRBAG

UPPER REFLECTING LAYER

LOWER REFLECTING LAYER

EXTERNAL FRAM

EXTERNAL TRANSPARENT LAYER

DETAIL DRAWINGS SHOW ALL LAYERS OF A SINGLE AIRBAG, AND THE WAY IT WORKS TO CONTROL THE MOUNT OF LIGHT PASSING THROUGH. WATER CHANNELS AND AIR PIPES HIDED INSIDE OF THE AIRBAG FRAME, WHICH CAN COLLECT RAINWATER, AT THE SAME TIME CONTROL THE AIR PRESSURE OF EACH AIRBAG. THE DOUBLE SKIN, WITH COMPRESSION MEMBERS AND TENSION MEMBERS, IS A STRONG STRUCTURAL SKIN SYSTEM TO SUPPORT FLOORS, AND CREATE LARGE COLUMN FREE SPACE.

TO R O

TRUC

TURE

EXHAUSTING LINE

AIR PIPES

OF S

TENSION MEMBERS STEEL CABLE

COMPRESSION MEMBERS STEEL

HIDDEN HUB

FLIGHT UNDER PUBLIC PARK

AIRPORT FORT MCMURRAY, CANADA INDIVIDUAL WORK (CHENG HUANG AND TAI AN HELPED WITH CONCRETE MODELING) 2014.1-2014.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: THE FORT MCMURRAY AIRPORT(YMM) IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO THE PROSPERITY OF THE WOOD BUFFALO REGION, ALBERTA AND CANADA AND IS CANADA’S PRIMARY PUBLIC AIR TRANSPORTATION GATEWAY TO THE ATHABASCA OIL SANDS. THE FORT MCMURRAY AIRPORT AUTHORITY DECIDED TO BUILD A NEW TERMINAL WITH A NEW AIR CARGO FACILITY. YMM HAS SEEN A DRAMATIC INCREASE IN BUSINESS OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS IN PARALLEL WITH THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE ATHABASCA OIL SANDS, AND THE GROWTH OF THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF FORT MCMURRAY. IT REQUIRES A LARGER, MORE CONVENIENT TERMINAL TO DEAL WITH INCREASING FLIGHTS AND EXTREME WEATHERS. AFTER A CAREFUL STUDY OF FOLDING STRUCTURES, THIS PROJECT CONSIDERED THE RELATIONS BETWEEN OPTIMIZED STRUCTURE, WEATHER FACTORS, AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES, CREATED A “UNDERGROUND” AIRPORT WITH CLEAR CIRCULATIONS, THERMAL PROTECTION, AND PUBLIC PARK FOR POSSIBLE PROLONGED WAITING TIME. 08

FOLD OPTIMIZED STRUCTURE STUDY

COMPRESSION

FOLDING PAPER CAN NOT ONLY CREATE INTERESTING SHAPES, BUT ALSO FORM STRONG STRUCTURES. FOLLOWING DIFFERENT PATTERNS, A FLAT PAPER CAN BE FOLDED TO THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPES, INCLUDING ANTICLASTIC SHELLS AND VAULTS. THESE SHAPES HAVE ABILITY TO SUPPORT OBJECTS THAT ARE MUCH HEAVIER THAN THE PAPER.

PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL MODEL STUDY ANTICLASTIC SHELL

TENSION

ARCH-VAULT

ANTICLASTIC SHELL

C T PAPER MODELING

PAPER MODELING

MODELING ATTEMPTS: FOLDED STEEL PLATE MOULD

WEIGHTED TEST

DIGITAL SIMULATION

1ST VA LLEY 2ND V ALLEY

3RD V ALLEY

CARDBOARD AND PLASTER MOULD 4TH V ALLE

CONCRETE BODY

FINAL MOULD: PLASTIC FOAM + CNC BOU NDA RY

STEEL TENSION MEMBER

FINAL CONCRETE MODEL

CONCRETE MODEL ANALYSIS FIRST PART

SECOND PART

FIRST CASTING

STEEL BAR CONNECTION

FIRST PART COMPLETE

SECOND CASTING

FIRST PART RESTING ON TOP

SECOND PART COMPLETE

THIRD PART

TESTING

THIRD CASTING

OPENING FOR CONCRETE INFILL

MODEL COMPLETE

SANDBAGS AS CUSHIONS

LOAD-BEARING TESTING

1200LBS MAXIMUM LOAD

AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION DAYS 9%

111°13’24” W

FORT MCMURRAY

50MI

100MI

SURROUNDED BY MOUNTAINS AND FORESTS, UNEXPLORED AREA WITH RADIUS OF OVER 350 MILES AROUND THE CITY TAKING FLIGHTS BECOMES THE BEST WAY TO CONNECT WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD. 150MI 200MI

48MI

AY TO FORT MCMURR

FORT MCMURRAY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT(YMM)

TERMINAL RUNWAY

-10.1C°/13.8F° -20C°/-4F° -53.3C°/-63.9F°

DECEMBER

32.4C°/90.3F° 15.8C°/60.4F° 3.2C°/37.8F°

10.7C°/51.3F°

-15.6C°/3.9F°

SEPTEMBER

RECORD HIGH / AVERAGE HIGH / AVERAGE LOW / RECORD LOW TORONTO

FORT MCMURRAY

8000FT

JUNE 36.8C°/98.2F° 21.5C°/70.7F° 7.7C°/45.9F°

VANCOUVER

50MI

MARCH

20.1C°/68.2F° 0.6C°/33.1F°

0C°/32F° CALGARY

-3.3C°/26.1F°

-12.9C°/8.8F° -44.4C°/-47.9F°

EDMONTON

100MI

56°39’12” N

FROST LINE 3M/9.8FT

FORT MCMURRAY

200MI

SNOWFALL 133.8MM/ 5.268INCH

FORT CHIPEWYAN

RAINFALL 316.3MM/ 12.453INCH

23 %

ALBERTA

SITE ANALYSIS

YMM WAS THE LASTEST AIRPORT IN NORTHERN ALBERTA AND THE FASTEST-GROWING AIRPORT IN CANADA IN EARLY 2010S. THE ORIGINAL TERMINAL IS NO LONGER CAPABLE TO SERVE A LARGE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS.

TEMPERATURE DATA PROGRAM CLEAR DIRECTION

UNDERGROUND TO THE AIR

PARK FOR FLIGHT WAITING TIME

THERMAL EFFECTS

NATURAL PARK

DAY TIME

SUMMER TIME

NIGHT TIME

WINTER TIME

+40 ‘-0”

+40 ‘-0” +60 ‘-0”

ROOF PARK

250 ’-0”

ENTRANCE

DEPARTURE 1

DEPARTURE 2

300 ‘-0”

-5 ± 0 -11 ’-0” ‘-0 ” -25 ’-0 ” -39

CHECK-IN

CIRCULATIONS VEHICLE

TO ROOF GARDEN

PASSENGER DEPARTURE

PASSENGER ARRIVAL

LUGGAGE DEPARTURE

LUGGAGE ARRIVAL

’-0 ”

DEPARTURE VIEW

PASSENGER DEPARTURE

PASSENGER ARRIVAL

LUGGAGE DEPARTURE

LUGGAGE ARRIVAL

EMPLOYEE ON DEPARTURE LEVEL

EMPLOYEE ON ARRIVAL LEVEL

EMPLOYEE

+4’-0” +2’-0”

TAXI WAY

RUNWAY

-6’-0” -4’-0” -2’-0”

±0 (1,211FT)

SECURITY LINE

SECURITY LINE 12

SITE PLAN

4000 FT

CUT LEVEL +1’-0”

BOARDING LEVEL ±0

1000 FT

CUT LEVEL -4’-0”

DEPARTURE LEVEL -11’-0”

670 FT

CUT LEVEL -18’-0”

TICKET LEVEL -25’-0”

670 FT

CUT LEVEL -32’-0”

ARRIVAL LEVEL -39’-0”

670 FT

CITY WEAVE

SECOND SURFACE FOR PEDESTRIANS

CONCEPT BEIJING, CHINA INDIVIDUAL WORK 2015.10-2015.12 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: AS A RESULT OF RAPID GROWTH OF URBANIZATION IN CHINA, BEIJING BECOME ONE OF THE MOST CROWDED, WIDELY EXPANDED CITY IN THE WORLD, A SERIES OF PROBLEM RAISED. PEOPLE, AS ELEMENTARY UNIT OF CITY, AFFECT EVERY ASPECT OF THE URBAN SYSTEM. TO LEARN HOW PEOPLE MOVE AROUND THE CITY AND HOW THEY BEHAVE COULD BRING POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS. THIS PROJECT WAS BASED ON STUDY OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR AND COMPUTER SIMULATIONS. FOLLOWING A NON-LINEAR DESIGN PROCESS, EVERY STEP OF DESIGN WAS A RESULT OF PREVIOUS ANALYSIS. THIS DATA-BASED PROJECT CREATE A SEPARATED LEVEL FOR PEDESTRIANS. THIS NEW LEVEL OF CITY INCREASES EFFICIENCY OF PEOPLE MOVEMENTS, ENLARGES THE POSSIBILITY OF COMMUNICATION, AND REDUCES TRAFFIC JAMS. AT THE SAME TIME, SECOND LEVEL ABOVE THE STREET MAKES THE LARGE AMOUNT OF WASTED NEGATIVE SPACE OF THE MODERN CITY USEFUL. 13

COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR SIMULATIONS SEPARATION: 500 ALIGN: 250 COHESION: 250

SEPARATION: 500 ALIGN: 300 COHESION: 300

SEPARATION: 500 ALIGN: 50 COHESION: 50

SEPARATION: 500 ALIGN: 50 COHESION: 250

SEPARATION: 500 ALIGN: 250 COHESION: 50

METRIC DISTANCE MODEL

TOPOLOGICAL DISTANCE MODEL

SEPARATION

COMBINATION OF TWO MODELS

PAY ATTENTION TO ALL OF THE FISH WITHIN A CERTAIN DISTANCE

SEPARATION: 250 ALIGN: 500 COHESION: 250

SEPARATION: 300 ALIGN: 500 COHESION: 300

SEPARATION: 50 ALIGN: 500 COHESION: 50

SEPARATION: 50 ALIGN: 500 COHESION: 250

SEPARATION: 250 ALIGN: 500 COHESION: 50

SEPARATION: 250 ALIGN: 250 COHESION: 500

SEPARATION: 300 ALIGN: 300 COHESION: 500

SEPARATION: 50 ALIGN: 50 COHESION: 500

SEPARATION: 50 ALIGN: 250 COHESION: 500

SEPARATION: 250 ALIGN: 50 COHESION: 500

TWE MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR ARE BOTH BASED ON CONCRETE STUDY. HOWEVER, THE COMBINATION OF TWO MODLES IS MORE QUANTIFIABLE, WHICH CAN BE SIMULATED WITH PROCESSING. IT APPLIES THREE RULES ON EACH INDIVIDUAL IN COLLECTIVE BEHAVIORS, INCLUDING SEPARATION(AVOID COLLISIONS WITH NEIGHBORS), ALIGN (MOVE IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS NEIGHBORS), AND COHESION (REMAIN CLOSE TO NEIGHBORS).

ALIGN

250

EXTERNAL INFLUENCE

AVOIDING

POINTS AS REPULSION OF MOVING OBJECTS. ALL OBJECTS ARE TRYING TO AVOID ENCOUNTER WITH THEM.

DISTURBANCE

ONLY PAY ATTENTION TO THE 6 TO 7 CLOSEST NEIGHBORS, REGARDLESS OF DISTANCE

SEPARATION

250

ALIGN

250

COHESION

POINTS THAT WORK AS MINOR ATTRACTIONS OR REPULSIONS TO MOVING OBJECTS, MAKE OBJECTS SHIFT FROM THEIR ORIGINAL COURSES.

COHESION

ATTRACTION

POINTS WHICH ATTRACT MOVING OBJECTS, CAN BE UNDERSTAND AS THE TARGET WHERE THEY ARE MOVING TOWARD.

COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR AND URBAN DESIGN

HUMAN CROWD BEHAVIOR IS A SYNTHESIS RESULT OF INTERNAL EFFECTS AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES. CROWD FLOW OF PEOPLE SHOWS THEIR REAL DESIRE. UES IT AS A BASIC ELEMENT FOR URBAN DESIGN CAN BREAK THE LIMITATION OF MODERN URBAN PLANNING. REDUCE THE TRAFFIC PRESSURE AND ENLARGE CAPABILITY OF CITY.

AVOIDING

SEPARATION

ALIGN

COLLECTIVE

EXTERNAL

BEHAVIOR

INFLUENCE

DISTURBANCE

COHESION

ATTRACTION

CROWD FLOW SELF-GROWING

FREEDOM

ORDERED

LIMITATION

MODERN URBAN PLANNING FUNCTIONALISM

GRIDS & BLOCKS

RESIDENTIAL AREAS

GUIJIE

DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE IS THE CONNECTION BEWTEEN DONGZHIMEN SUBDISTRICT AND BEIXINQIAO SUBDISTRICT, WHERE IS SURROUNDED BY 8 COMMUNITIES WITH MORE THAN 52,000 INHABITANTS. THE POPULATION CONTAINS ALL AGE GROUPS FROM CHILDREN TO AGED PEOPLE. ACTIVITIES HAPPEN INSIDE THE COMMUNITIES LIKE GOING TO SCHOOL WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED. RESIDENTIAL AREAS ARE MAJOR STARTING POINTS IN THE FOLLOWING SIMULATION.

GUIJIE IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS “FOOD STREET” IN BEIJING, HAS VERY STRONG ATTRACTION TO YOUNG PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY AT NIGHT. GUIJIE IS THE BIGGEST NOCTURNAL TARGET OF THE FOLLOWING SIMULATION.

DONGZHIMEN BUSINESS CENTER

MANAGING URBAN AREAS HAS BECOME ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY. OUR SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN BUILDING SUSTAINABLE CITIES WILL BE A MAJOR FACTOR IN THE SUCCESS OF THE POST-2015 UN DEVELOPMENT AGENDA. ------ JOHN WILMOTH DIRECTOR OF UN DESA’S POPULATION DIVISION % 54

OVER 20 OFFICE BUILDINGS AROUND DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE, HOLDING MORE THAN 3500 COMPANIES IN THIS AREA, INCLUDING LARGE COMPANIES LIKE CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION, AND SMALL ONES HAVE LESS THAN TEN EMPLOYEES. ALL THESE FACTORS MAKE DONGZHIMEN ONE OF THE BIGGEST BUSINESS CENTER IN BEIJING, CAPITAL OF CHINA. BUSINESS AREA IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TARGET OF THE FOLLOWING SIMULATION.

WORLD URBAN POPULATION PERCENTAGE GROWTH

53.8% OF WORLD POPULATION 3.9 BILLION PEOPLE

50 48 46 44 42 40

33.6% OF WORLD POPULATION 746 MILLION PEOPLE

38 36 34 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 RURAL POPULATION HAS GROWN SLOWLY SINCE 1960, AND IS EXPECTED TO REACH ITS PEAK AROUND 2020

10 MEGA-CITIES WORLDWIDE 153 MILLION

TRANSPORTATION

28 MEGA-CITIES WORLDWIDE 453 MILLION 41 MEGA-CITIES WORLDWIDE BY 2030

DONGZHIMEN IS ONE OF THE BUSIEST TRANSPORTATION HUB OF BEIJING, WITH 3 MAJOR SUBWAY LINES, INCLUDING AIRPORT EXPRESS, AND 51 BUS LINES. AVERAGE DAILY PASSENGERS IS 290,000. SUBWAY EXITS AND BUS STATIONS ARE MOST IMPORTANT STARTING POINTS OF THE FOLLOWING SIMULATION. THERE IS NO TRAFFIC LIGHTS ON DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE, CAUSED FREQUENT TRAFFIC JAMS AND CONFLICTS BEWTEEN VEHICLES, BICYCLES, AND PEDESTRIAN.

CHINA URBAN POPULATION PERCENTAGE GROWTH

16.2% URBAN POPULATION IN 1960 55.6% URBAN POPULATION IN 2015

BEIJING URBANIZATION AND POPULATION GROWTH

GROWTH RATE 466% 3.8 MILLION 1953 THIS HUGE MUSHROOMING 8.6 MILLION 1964 OF URBAN POPULATION DUE 9.2 MILLION 1982 TO UNPRECEDENTED 11.8 MILLION 1990 MIGRATION FROM VILLAGES 13.8 MILLION 2000 AND RURAL AREAS 19.6 MILLION 2010 21.5 MILLION 2015 OUTSIDE SIXTH RING ROAD 5.18 MILLION PEOPLE 0.6 MILLION MIGRANTS

1950

RELATIVE QUANTITY OF STARTS OR POPULARITY OF TARGET

BEWTEEN FIFTH AND SIXTH RING ROADS 5.8 MILLION PEOPLE 3.6 MILLION MIGRANTS

COLUMNS FROM LEFT TO RIGHT SHOW DATA RESPECTIVELY AT 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00

BEWTEEN FOURTH AND FIFTH RING ROADS 3.6 MILLION PEOPLE 1.7 MILLION MIGRANTS

STARTS

TARGETS

RESIDENTIAL AREA

BUSINESS AREA

BUS STATION

RESTAURANT

SUBWAY EXIT

SHOPPING CENTER

BUILDING COMPLEX

THERE ARE SEVERAL BUILDING COMPLEX AROUND DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE, WITH FUNCTIONS AS OFFICE, SHOPPING, EATING AND HOUSING. THESE BUILDING COMPLEX ARE BIGGEST DIURNAL TARGETS OF THE FOLLOWING SIMULATION.

T-1 T-4

1990

S-1 T-2

INSIDE SECOND RING ROADS 1.48 MILLION PEOPLE 0.4 MILLION MIGRANTS

2000 URBAN REGION PLANNED AREA RING ROADS OF BEIJING

BEWTEEN SECOND AND THIRD RING ROADS 2.57 MILLION PEOPLE 0.7 MILLION MIGRANTS BEWTEEN THIRD AND FOURTH RING ROADS 2.88 MILLION PEOPLE 1 MILLION MIGRANTS

S-5

T-3

S-3 S-4

S-9 S-7

S-2

S-6

S-13 S-10

S-8

T-5

S-12

T-10

S-11

T-9

S-14

S-15

T-6 T-8

TRAFFIC JAM

T-7 TARGET

STARTING POINT

PUBLIC PARK

COLLECTIVE CIRCULATION SIMULATION

15:00

18:00

21:00

T-4

T-5

T-6

T-7

T-8

OLD

YOUNG

EMPLOYEE

VISITOR

TOTAL

OLD

YOUNG

EMPLOYEE

VISITOR

TOTAL

OLD

YOUNG

EMPLOYEE

VISITOR

TOTAL

OLD

60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

18:00

21:00

PATH OF OLD PEOPLE PUBLIC PARK AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF OLD PEOPLE RESTAURANT AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF OLD PEOPLE PUBLIC PARK AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF OLD PEOPLE SHOPPING AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF OLD PEOPLE PUBLIC PARK AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

6:00

9:00

12:00

15:00

18:00

21:00

PATH OF YOUNG PEOPLE RESTAURANT AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF YOUNG PEOPLE SHOPPING AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF YOUNG PEOPLE MULTIPLE ATTRACTIONS

PATH OF YOUNG PEOPLE SHOPPING AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF YOUNG PEOPLE RESTAURANT AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

6:00

9:00

12:00

15:00

18:00

21:00

PATH OF EMPLOYEE RESTAURANT AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF EMPLOYEE OFFICE AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF EMPLOYEE RESTAURANT AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF EMPLOYEE OFFICE AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF EMPLOYEE RESTAURANT AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

PATH OF EMPLOYEE NO ACTIVITIES

6:00

9:00

12:00

15:00

18:00

21:00

PATH OF VISITOR NO ACTIVITIES

PATH OF VISITOR RESTAURANT AS MAJOR ATTRACTION

9:00

12:00

15:00

18:00

21:00

30% 20% 10% 0%

70% 60% 50%

VISITOR

TOTAL

10%

OLD

YOUNG

EMPLOYEE

70%

VISITOR

60%

TOTAL

50%

OLD

YOUNG

EMPLOYEE

VISITOR

TOTAL

IN THE EARLY MORNING, ONLY A FEW PEOPLE START FROM BUS STATIONS AND SUBWAY EXITS. PUBLIC PARK IS THE MAJOR TARGET FOR OLD PEOPLE FOR MORNING EXERCISES. MOST YOUNG PEOPLE AND EMPLOYEE GO TO RESTAURANTS ON GUIJIE FOR BREAKFAST. NO SIGNS OF VISITORS AROUND THAT TIME. FEW MINOR ATTRACTIONS PROVIDE LIMITED EFFECTS ON THE PATH, THE PATH CLOSE TO STRAIGHT LINES.

15:00

40%

COMBINED CIRCULATION AT 6:00

12:00

50%

SUBWAY EXIT

9:00

60%

YOUNG

BUS STATION

6:00

70%

EMPLOYEE

RESIDENTIAL AREA

T-9 T-10

OLD PEOPLE

T-3

YOUNG PEOPLE

12:00

T-2

EMPLOYEE

9:00

T-1

VISITOR

6:00

70%

40% 30% 20%

40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

T-1 T-6

T-2 T-7

COMBINED CIRCULATION AT 9:00

T-3 T-8

THIS TIME PERIOD IS THE TIME TO GO TO OFFICE, ALL FOUR GROUPS OF PEOPLE APPEAR, HOWEVER, EMPLOYEE ARE MAIN GROUP OF PEOPLE FOR THIS TIME, DONGZHIMEN IS ONE OF THE LARGEST BUSINESS CENTER OF BEIJING, A LOT OF OFFICES AROUND DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE, PROVIDE MULTIPLE ATTRACTIONS, CREATE COMPLEX NET LIKE PATHS.

T-4 T-9

T-5 T-10

6:00

COMBINED CIRCULATION AT 12:00

THIS TIME PERIOD IS THE TIME FOR LUNCH, RESTAURANTS ARE MAJOR ATTRACTIONS FOR THIS TIME PERIOD, ALL FOUR GROUPS OF PEOPLE APPEAR, GUIJIE AND LAIFUSHI SHOPPING MALL ON THE WEST SIDE OF DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE ARE TWO LARGEST ATTRACTIONS, LEAD PATHS TOWARD WEST SIDE.

COMBINED CIRCULATION AT 15:00

MULTIPLE ACTIVITES HAPPEN AROUND THIS TIME PERIOD. OLD PEOPLE AND SOME YOUNG PEOPLE GO TO PUBLIC PARK AND SHOPPING MALL, VISITORS AND SOME YOUNG PEOPLE GO TO RESTAURANTS ON GUIJIE. EMPLOYEE FOR BUSINESS REASONS AND OTHER PURPOSES WALK AROUND DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE. MULTIPLE TARGETS PROVIDE EQUAL ATTRACTION FORCES CREATE SINUOUS PATHS ON SOUTH SIDE OF DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE.

COMBINED CIRCULATION AT 18:00

THIS TIME PERIOD IS THE TIME FOR DINNER, RESTAURANTS ARE MAJOR ATTRACTIONS FOR THIS TIME PERIOD, WHICH CREATES SIMILAR SITUATION AS LUNCH TIME. ALL FOUR GROUPS OF PEOPLE APPEAR, RESTAURANTS ON GUIJIE ARE THE MAJOR TARGETS FOR ALL GROUPS OF PEOPLE PATHS HAVE BEEN LED TO WEST SIDE OF DONGZHIMEN BRIDGE.

COMBINED CIRCULATION AT 21:00

TWO MAJOR ACTIVIES FOR THIS TIME PERIOD, DINNER FOR YOUNG PEOPLE, AND PUBLIC SQUARE DANCING FOR OLD PEOPLE, RESTAURANTS ON GUIJIE HAVE STRONGEST ATTRACTION TO YOUNG PEOPLE, PUBLIC SQUARE ON FRONT OF LAIFUSHI SHOPPING MALL IS THE TARGET FOR OLD PEOPLE, GUIJIE AS ONE FAMOUS TOURIST ATTRACTION ALSO IS A TARGET FOR VISITORS. EMPLOYEE ARE NOT ACTIVE AROUND THIS TIME. PATHS HAVE BEEN LED TO TWO TARGETS.

SIMULATION CONBINATION

SIMPLIFIED PATHS

TOO COMPLEX THAT NEARLY CREATE A SOLID BLOCK SIMPLIFICATION PROCESS IS NECESSARY

CROSSLINES BETWEEN PATHS CREATE SPACE FOR INTERACTION

OLD PEOPLE

OCCUPIED COMPARATIVELY LARGER AREA MAJOR ACTIVITES HAPPEN AROUND 6:00 AND 21:00

YOUNG PEOPLE

CREATE PATHS WITH GREAT VITALITY MAJOR ACTIVITES HAPPEN AROUND 12:00 AND 21:00

EMPLOYEES

MULTIPLE TARGETS CREATE COMPLEX PATHS MAJOR ACTIVITES HAPPEN AROUND 9:00

VISITORS

WITHOUT CLEAR PURPOSE THE PATHS HAVE LARGER CURVATURE MAJOR ACTIVITES HAPPEN AROUND 13:00

STAGE 1 RELATIONS BETWEEN PATHS DENSITY OF THE CROSSLINES SHOW THE VARIATION TENDENCY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN PATHS.

STAGE 2 THE STRONGEST RELATIONS

MARK THE MIDPOINTS OF ALL CROSSLINES AND EXTRACT POINTS WITH MOST NEARBY COMPANIONS TO GENERATE POINT CLOUDS

STAGE 3 PATHS FROM POINT CLOUDS

FIND CENTER POINTS OF POINT CLOUDS CREATE NEW PATHS WITH THESE CENTER POINTS AND GENERAL TENDENCY OF ORIGINAL PATHS

FLAT EXTERIOR PATHWAY MAINLY FOR OLD GROUP EXTERIOR PUBLIC SPACE MAINLY FOR OLD AND YOUNG GROUPS

ENTRANCE AND EXIT INTERSECTION OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE

COHESIVE PATHS

DISPERSIVE PATHS

PASS THROUGH BUILDINGS

PUBLIC SPACE FOR ALL PEOPLE GROUPS OPENING FOR PUBLIC PARK

S.L.U.G.

ENJOYABLE SPOT BETWEEN BUILDINGS

SUSTAINABLE LABORATORY URBAN GARDEN TUCSON, AZ GROUP WORK 2014.9-2015.4 INSTRUCTORS:

CHRIS TRUMBLE; LINDA SAMUELS, PhD

TEACHING ASSISTANCES:

GINA TRAUTNER (MLA); DAN MAHER (M.ARCH)

GROUP MEMBERS:

ANDREW CUSICK; CROSBIE ROPER; DAILONG MA; DENGJIE CHEN; DILLON MARIANO; DULCE ARAMBULA; JOE MIRANDA; JORDAN PASCUA; MEKAEL WESLEY-ROSA; MICHAEL VO; NIKOTA LITZIN; PENG GAO; RYAN HAINES

RESPONSIBILITIES:

DESIGN: SITE ANALYSIS; DIGITAL MODEL; PLAY ELEMENTS; WEST WALL WORKING SURFACE; PORTABLE INTERACTIVE OBJECTS; ENTRY GARDEN; RIBBON SEATING (WITH JOE MIRANDA); AQUAPONICS (WITH RYAN HAINES); NORTH WALL (WITH NIKOTA LITZIN) CONSTRUCTION: WORKING SURFACE; PORTABLE INTERACTIVE OBJECTS(WITH MICHAEL VO); ENTRY GARDEN SPIN SEATS; RIBBON SEATING (WITH JOE MIRANDA); SHADING (WITH DULCE ARAMBULA AND JOE MIRANDA); CONCRETE SLAB AND OTHER HELPING WORKS

PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

THIS PROJECT EMBODIES THE PRINCIPLES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE IN TUCSONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S DOWNTOWN URBAN ENVIRONMENT. THUS, TRANSFORMING THE CITYSCAPE AND ALLEYWAY IN WHAT WAS ONCE A HISTORIC CLOTHING STORE, NOW CITY HIGH SCHOOL, INTERACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT TO ENGAGE THE STUDENT BODY IN SUSTAINABLE THINKING AND URBAN AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES. THE SUSTAINABILITY LABORATORY AND URBAN GARDEN FUNCTIONS AS THE SETTING FOR COMMUNITY-STUDENT INTERACTION. IT INTEGRATES THE RESOURCE PRODUCTION CYCLE INTO THE EDUCATIONAL CURRICULUM. STUDENTS ARE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO ENGAGE THE LEARNING PROCESS, THROUGH HANDS-ON EXPERIMENTATION AND DISCOVERY IN THE CONTEXT OF AN URBAN GARDEN. 19

SITE

PROGRAM

RESULTS

PLANTS & FLOWERS GAMES/ACTIVITIES LEISURE/HANGOUT/SEATING LUNCH TABLES ENTERTAINMENT/PERFORMANCE FOOD SERVICES WIFI HOTSPOT LOFT LIGHTING SHADE WATER FEATURES SOFT SURFACE

CITY HIGH + PAOLO FRERE FREEDOM SCHOOL

BUDGET: $49,114.00 DOWNTOWN TUCSON - 37&48 PENNINGTON STREET

ORIGINAL SITUATION

ORIGINAL GATE

ORIGINAL LUNCH TABLE

S: SUSTAINABILITY L: LABORATORY U: URBAN G: GARDEN

STUDENT SURVEYS

38 STUDENT PARTICIPANTS BRAINSTORM! DREAM BIG! POSSIBILITIES FOR THE ALLEY

ABLE TO BE USED WITHOUT BEING COMPLETELY USED UP OR DESTROYED A SPACE, ROOM OR BUILDING EQUIPPED FOR EXPERIMENTS, RESEARCH OR TEACHING OF OR RELATING TO CITIES AND THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THEM A PLOT OF GROUND WHERE [ ] IS/ARE CULTIVATED

HARD SURFACE ART/EXPRESSION WASTE SERVICES BICYCLE RACK PIGEON DEFENSE OPEN SPACE SECURITY LIBRARY TRANSPARENCY FIRE PIT TEXTURE ANIMALS PARKING

5 6 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 2

MOST POPULAR

13.3%

LEISURE HANGOUT SEATING

9.8%

ENTERTAINMENT PERFORMANCE

11.8%

GAMES ACTIVITIES

8.8%

SHADE LUNCH TABLES

PHASE ONE

DOWNTOWN TUCSON,AZ 48 E. PENNINGTON ST. ZONING: OCR-2 37 E. PENNINGTON ST. ZONING: C-1 DOWNTOWN CORE, DOWNTOWN INFILL INCENTIVE DISTRICT

37 48

17 24 27 18 20 16 3 12 4 18 10 5

PHASE TWO

BRICK WALL

STREET VIEW OF THE ALLEY

SHADING & COOLING MORNING LIGHT ON WEST WALL

NOON LIGHT REACH THE GROUNG

AFTERNOON LIGHT ON EAST WALL

PIGEON PROBLEM

WATER

DISPLAY

VEGETATION

PHASE THREE COOL TOWER

CENTRAL GARDEN

OUTDOOR SINK

ADJUSTABLE SHADE CANOPY

WATER HARVESTING

AQUAPONICS

VINE TRELLIS

FUNCTION & KEY POINTS ANALYSIS

BASIC INFORMATION AND POTENTIAL DIRECTIONS

INTERIOR LUNCH SPACE

SEATING

AIR FLOW EXTERIOR LUNCH SPACE 2-3 HOURS MORNING SUNLIGHT 3-4 HOURS AFTERNOON SUNLIGHT LUNCH OVER FLOW 5’-0” EGRESS PICK UP DRAINAGE PICK UP OVER FLOW SPAC EXTELUNCH E RIOR

PICK

LU RIOR INTE UP

E SPAC NCH

OVER FLOW

INTERACTIVE PLAY

PORTABLE INTERACTIVE OBJECTS

PLANTERS

ART DISPLAY

INTERACTIVE SEATING

PERMEABLE SURFACE

NEW CONCRETE SLAB

ENTRY GARDEN

FRONT GATE

PHASE FOUR: FINAL DESIGN

THE FINAL SCHEME FOR CONSTRUCTION. ALL DESIGNS BASED ON THE SOUL OF SUSTAINABILITY, LABORATORY, URBAN, AND GARDEN, WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS AS EDUCATION, PLAY, PERFORMANCE, COMMUNICATION, TO CREATE A RENEWED ENJOYABLE SPACE FOR STUDENTS AS WELL AS TEACHERS.

ROOF PLAN

SCALE 1: 1700

7’-0”

PLAN

14’-0”

SCALE 1:850

21’-0” 28’-0” 35’-0” 42’-0” 49’-0” 56’-0” 63’-0” 70’-0” 77’-0” 84’-0” 91’-0” 98’-0” 105’-0” 112’-0” 119’-0”

ADJUSTABLE CANOPY

DESIGNED TO BLOCK OUT THE HOT SUMMER SUN AND ALLOW THE WARM WINTER SUN TO ENTER THE SPACE, THE SHADE CANOPIES ARE A TEACHING DEVICE TOO. WITH ONE POINT HAVING THE ABILITY TO MOVE IT, PROVIDES STUDENTS THE ABILITY TO EXPLORE THE OPEN AND CLOSED CONFIGURATIONS THAT CAN CHANGE THEIR ENVIRONMENT TO MEET THEIR PREFERRED COMFORT LEVEL.

PIO

PORTABLE INTERACTIVE OBJECTS THE PIO’S ARE ADDITIONAL SEATS, MADE OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS, IN VARIOUS SIZES AND SHAPES WITH DIFFERENT SURFACE PATTERNS. THEY CAN BE MOVED TO AND STORED IN ANY PART OF THE SLUG, FOR PEOPLE TO REST, INTERACT, AND PLAY. HAVE FUN WITH THE PIO’S.

WORK SURFACES

THE WORK SURFACE PROVIDES A LONG FLAT WORKTABLE FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS. IT COMBINES DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS TOGETHER, INCLUDING WORKING, COMPOSING, STORAGE, EXHIBITION, AS WELL AS A TRASH AREA.

WEST WALL

NORTH WALL

THE NORTH WALL FUNCTIONS AS THE BACKDROP FOR PERFORMANCE, SEATING, STORAGE FOR STUDENT ITEMS AND GARDENING TOOLS, AND AS DISPLAY SPACE FOR ART AND CLASS ACTIVITY. AT THE TERMINUS OF THE ALLEY, THE NORTH WALL AIMS TO UNIFY THE GATHERING SPACE BEFORE ENTRY TO CITY HIGH.

INTERACTIVE PLAY

126’-0”

133’-0” THE SEATING BLOB ACCOMMODATES A RANGE OF BODY POSITIONS-LAYING DOWN, A SEATED 140LEAN, ’-0” AND SEATING ON- AS WELL AS A STAGE FOR 147’FOR -0” PERFORMANCE. THE BLOB PROVIDES A SPACE LEISURE, CONVERSATION, AND PLAY FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.

ART DISPLAY

THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE ART DISPLAY UTILIZE THE PROGRAMMATIC CAPABILITIES OF THE EAST WALL STRUCTURE, AND INTEGRATE WITH THE HANGING PLANTERS. SPEAKING THE SAME LANGUAGE AS THE RIBBONS BELOW, THE SHELVES, EASELS/DISPLAY PANELS, AND OVERSIZED BOOKS ALLOW FOR INTERACTIONS WITH THE STUDENTS FROM AN ARTISTIC PERSPECTIVE.

SECTION THROUGH AQUAPONICS

INTERACTIVE SEATING

THE RIBBON SEATING CREATES A FLEXIBLE WORK/REST AREA, WHILE INVITING THE STUDENTS TO EXPLORE THE OPTIONS OF INHABITING THE FORMS IN VARIOUS WAYS. THE RIBBONS CHANGE IN HEIGHT CREATES VARIOUS BENCHES, SEATS, TABLES AND ENCLOSURES TO ENCOURAGE THE DIVERSE RANGE OF PLAYFUL USES THE SPACE WILL ENTERTAIN.

PLANTERS

THE PLANTERS PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE A VERTICAL GARDEN. THE PLANTER FILLS IN VERTICAL SPACE AND CREATES “GREEN” AS MORE AS POSSIBLE FROM CHANGING IN HEIGHT AND WIDTH. MEANWHILE, IT ENCOURAGES STUDENTS TO ENJOY THE “GREEN” THROUGH KEEPING “GREEN” ALIVE AND HEALTH.

AQUAPONICS

AQUAPONICS IS A FOOD PRODUCTION SYSTEM THAT COMBINES AQUACULTURE AND HYDROPONIC GROWING TECHNIQUES. THE HOPE IS TO ENGAGE STUDENTS AND ADD AN EDUCATIONAL VALUE BEYOND WHAT CAN BE FOUND IN A CONVENTIONAL CLASSROOM. TILAPIA AND PLANTS HARVESTED FROM THE SYSTEM CAN BE SOLD IN FARMERS MARKETS TO ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY AND RAISE FUNDS FOR THE AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAMS.

EAST WALL

FRONT GATE

THE GATE-WAY IS THE CONTROLLED ACCESS POINT IN WHICH INVITES OR ENCLOSE USERS TO THE SPACE. THE GATE EXPLORES THE BOUNDARIES OF PROJECT (I.E. PROJECT INFO., SITE CONTEXT, HISTORICAL CONTEXT) BY INFORMING USERS THROUGH PHYSICAL AND VISUAL ENGAGEMENT. THE USERS CROSS THE “BRIDGE” ENTRANCE GARDEN SPACE UPON ARRIVAL.

MECHANICAL CONNECTION

WELD

RIBBON SEATING

LAPPING BOLT

COUNTERSUNK BOLT

ANCHOR

RIBBON SEATING DETAILS

WELD

AQUAPONICS

SPIN SEATING OF ENTRY GARDEN

AFTER HUMAN SPACE PLATFORM / MUSEUM FICTIONAL BACKGROUND INDIVIDUAL WORK 2016.9

NARRATIVE: DUE TO ENERGY DEPLETION, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, AND CONSTANT WARFARE, OUR MOTHERLAND, THE EARTH WAS OFFICIALLY CATEGORIZED AS DEAD PLANET BY THE UNITED NATIONS ON 2100AD. THE ENTIRE HUMAN RACE DECIDED TO ABANDON THE EARTH AND SEND OURSELVES INTO THE DEEP SPACE TO FIND A SUITABLE SUBSTITUTION TO CONTINUE HUMAN CIVILIZATION. UNSP-06 WAS ONE OF THE 12 SPACE PLATFORMS CONSTRUCTED BY THE UNITED NATIONS, (DIAGRAMS AROUND YOU SHOWS THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS) IT ACCOMPLISHED ITS LAST MISSION AT JULY 10TH 2123AD, LAUNCHED THE SPACESHIP DEEPBLUE WITH 6381 PEOPLE TOWARD ANDROMEDA GALAXY. ALL OTHER PLATFORMS AND ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES HAD BEEN DISASSEMBLED FOR MATERIAL RESERVE, MAKE UNSP-06 THE LAST CONSTRUCTION OF HUMAN BEINGS ON THE LOW EARTH ORBIT. 12 PEOPLE, INCLUDING ARCHITECTS, ARTISTS, AND ENGINEERS, DID NOT JOIN THE ENDLESS SPACE TRAVEL, STAYED IN THIS LAST MAN-MADE BUILDING AND SPENT 5 YEARS TO CHANGE IT INTO THE MUSEUM OF HUMAN HISTORY. WELCOME, ALIENS OR NEXT GENERATION OF INTELLIGENT BEINGS OF THE EARTH. HERE WE PRESENT YOU THE PATH OF HUMAN BEINGS, WHICH LEAD TO A DEAD END. WE HAVE BEEN HERE, BUT WE FAILED. ORIGINAL FUNCTION: SPACE PLATFORM UNSP-06 GRAVITY: 0-1G LOCATION: LOW EARTH ORBIT RESIDENTIAL CAPACITY: 1280 MAXIMUM CAPACITY: 8000 AFTER RECONSTRUCTION: MUSEUM OF HUMAN HISTORY SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION: NATURAL HISTORY CORRIDOR; ART HISTORY GALLARYS; PATH TO THE END; HALL OF REGRET 23

SCENE 01

DURATION

PANEL 1/2

GRAVITY

00:00:00

SCENE 03

DURATION

PANEL 1/2

GRAVITY

00:14:27 1G

DIALOGUE

OF ALL THE GIN JOINTS IN ALL THE TOWNS IN ALL THE WORLD, SHE WALKS INTO MINE.

YOU’RE GONNA NEED A BIGGER BOAT. JAWS, 1975

CASABLANCA, 1942

SCENE 01

DURATION

PANEL 2/2

GRAVITY

00:05:35

SCENE 03

DURATION

0.25G

PANEL 2/2

GRAVITY

00:22:05 1G

DIALOGUE

YOU’RE WAITING FOR A TRAIN, A TRAIN THAT WILL TAKE YOU FAR AWAY.

TO INFINITY AND BEYOND. TOY STORY, 1995

INCEPTION, 2010

SCENE 02

DURATION

PANEL 1/2

GRAVITY

00:07:13

SCENE 04

DURATION

0.25G

PANEL 1/4

GRAVITY

DIALOGUE

I’VE A FEELING WE’RE NOT IN KANSAS ANYMORE.

ROADS? WHERE WE’RE GOING WE DON’T NEED ROADS.

THE WIZARD OF OZ, 1939

SCENE 02

DURATION

PANEL 2/2

GRAVITY

BACK TO THE FUTURE, 1985

00:11:24

SCENE 04

DURATION

0.33G

PANEL 2/4

GRAVITY

00:36:12 1G

DIALOGUE

JUST KEEP SWIMMING.

WE’LL ALWAYS HAVE PARIS.

FINDING NEMO,2003

00:28:21

CASABLANCA, 1942

SCENE 04

DURATION

PANEL 3/4

GRAVITY

01:21:10

SCENE 06

DURATION

PANEL 2/2

GRAVITY

02:04:43 0.25G

DIALOGUE

FASTEN YOUR SEATBELTS, IT’S GOING TO BE A BUMPY NIGHT.

JUST WHEN I THOUGHT I WAS OUT THEY PULL ME BACK IN.

ALL ABOUT EVE, 1950

SCENE 04

DURATION

PANEL 4/4

GRAVITY

THE GODFATHER 3, 1990

01:22:58

SCENE 07

DURATION

PANEL 1/3

GRAVITY

02:08:17 0

DIALOGUE

FRANKLY, MY DEAR, I DON’T GIVE A DAMN.

GO AHEAD MAKE MY DAY. SUDDEN IMPACT,1983

GONE WITH THE WIND,1939

SCENE 05

DURATION

PANEL 1/1

GRAVITY

01:45:31

SCENE 07

DURATION

PANEL 2/3

GRAVITY

02:12:00 0

DIALOGUE

I HOPE LIFE ON EARTH IS EVERYTHING YOU’RE MEMBER IT TO BE.

OUR DEEPEST FEAR IS NOT THAT WE ARE INADEQUATE. OUR DEEPEST FEAR IS THAT WE ARE POWERFUL BEYOND MEASURE.

MOON, 2009

COACH CARTER,2005 SCENE 06

DURATION

PANEL 1/2

GRAVITY

02:03:02

SCENE 07

DURATION

0.5G

PANEL 3/3

GRAVITY

02:35:18 0

DIALOGUE

YOU CAN’T HANDLE THE TRUTH.

I WISH I KNEW HOW TO QUIT YOU.

A FEW GOOD MEN, 1992

BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN,2005

OTHER WORKS 26

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