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Title Media and Information Literacy Summary Survey Report Thailand 2019
Author Digital Society Division and IT Management Division, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University Under The Thailand Media and Information Literacy and Digital Literacy Status Survey Project
Organize by Office of the National Digital Economy and Society Commission Ministry of Digital Economy and Society
2nd Edition:
March 2019
Print:
30 copies
ISBN:
978-974-9765-79-1
All rightsÂŽ reserved under the Copyright Act BE 2537
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INTRODUCTION
The status of media and information literacy (MIL) of Thailand for 2019 surveyed by Office of the National Digital Economy and Society Commission (ONDE), Ministry of Digital Economy and Society, consists of MIL survey following MIL assessment of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and digital literacy (DL) survey following DL competency of Ministry of Digital Economy and Society. According to the abovementioned survey, 12 indicators were specified for competency assessment and the questionnaires for data collection consisted of 2 parts: behaviors on usage of media, information and digital technology; and knowledge, understanding and ability to assess reflecting the current status of Thailand in overall, regional and provincial levels. They would be used for analysis and determination of policies, guidelines, measures and plans to prepare people to becoming digital citizens as well as for every section of Thailand to participate in digital economy and society in accordance with government’s policies to drive the economy and society with innovations to becoming a developed country. The survey results of 12,374 Thai citizens in 77 provinces nationwide showed that the average of MIL status of Thailand was at 68.1 marks while the average of DL status was at 64.5 marks. The behaviors on usage of media, information and digital technology reflecting indicators consisted of: smartphone usage for consuming media and information at 99.4%; 3-4-hour daily internet usage at 25.3%; internet usage with charge at 85.8%; and internet usage only without charge at 14.1%. The internet was used to access media through the following 3 sources the most: social media; websites; and digital TV, for self-development, daily life conduct and career development. Therefore, the report of survey on MIL for 2019 reflects status of MIL and DL status of Thai citizens in order to determine the guidelines to develop their potential to drive the economy and society to becoming the entire digital economy and society in the future.
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TABLE OF CONTENT Page INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 89 TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. 92 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................... 94 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AND GLOBAL DIGITAL SOCIETY . 94 OBJECTIVE OF SURVEY ......................................................................................... 95 MIL ASSESSMMENT FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 95
DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 98 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY FRAMEWORK........................................ 100 DIGITAL LITERACY FRAMEWORK........................................................................ 103
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AND DIGITAL LITERACY STATUS ..107 OVERALL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY SITUATION .................107 STATUS OF THAILAND ..............................................................................114 STATUS OF NORTHERN THAILAND..................................................................... 119 STATUS OF CENTRAL THAILAND ........................................................................ 121 STATUS OF NORTHEASTERN THAILAND............................................................ 123 STATUS OF EASTERN THAILAND ........................................................................ 125 STATUS OF SOUTHERN THAILAND..................................................................... 127
STATUS OF SMART PROVINCE ................................................................128 STATUS OF CHIANG MAI...................................................................................... 129 STATUS OF BANGKOK ......................................................................................... 130 STATUS OF RATCHABURI .................................................................................... 131 STATUS OF KHON KAEN ...................................................................................... 132 STATUS OF NAKHON RATCHASIMA ................................................................... 133 STATUS OF CHACHOENGSAO ............................................................................ 134
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TABLE OF CONTENT Page STATUS OF CHONBURI ........................................................................................ 135 STATUS OF RAYONG ............................................................................................ 136 STATUS OF PHUKET ............................................................................................. 137 STATUS OF SONGKHLA ....................................................................................... 138
STATUS OF GENERATION.........................................................................140 STATUS OF BABY BOOMERS .............................................................................. 141 STATUS OF GENERATION X ................................................................................. 142 STATUS OF GENERATION Y................................................................................. 143 STATUS OF GENERATION Z ................................................................................. 144
MIL AND DL OF DISABILITIES PEOPLE .....................................................145 APPENDIX................................................................................................147 STATISTICALS DATA .................................................................................148 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................169
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BACKGROUND MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AND GLOBAL DIGITAL SOCIETY In 21st century, technologies are rapidly developed and changing, creating educational support technology and communication support technology which give you an access to the whole world by only using a device in your hand. Many forms of media were also created for various communication both online (through website and application) and offline (through radio and television). These technologies provide channels for many media and content service providers in the society, as well as for the recipients to easily express opinions and share information. These behaviors increase the number of news in the world, the content of which can be beneficial with supporting facts, but also can be harmful if containing personal opinions. Furthermore, some news is not suitable for children and juveniles whom can be misled. Hence, due to changing society, “media and information� literacy is crucial for people in order to think and analyze depending on abilities to access, understand, interpret, assess and create information, as well as to promote beneficial medial while taking into account of impact of media and information to avoid being controlled, and use such media for learning and living in the family, community and society.
95 OBJECTIVE OF SURVEY 1. To survey media and information literacy (MIL) and digital literacy (DL) of Thailand following international assessment of UNESCO in order to get the data reflecting the current status of Thailand in overall, regional and provincial levels. 2. To get in-depth macro data of behaviors on usage digital technology, understanding and status of MIL and DL of Thai citizens for analysis and determination of guidelines, policies and measures to promote self-development to becoming digital citizens in social context, and to categorize target group to support and promote the personnel development in each province to develop technology to support their everyday life to be consistent with Digital Economy and Society Development Plan.
MIL ASSESSMMENT FRAMEWORK The MIL assessment framework of UNESCO specified 3 indicators consisting of assess, evaluation and creation, while DL assessment of Ministry of Digital Economy and Society specified 9 indicators: digital rights and responsibility, digital access, digital communication, digital security, media and information literacy, digital etiquette, digital health and wellness, digital commerce and digital law. The aforementioned indicators were used for status survey as standard reference and for data collection of behaviors related to such indicators. The data collection was conducted in 10 smart provinces to find guidelines on digital potential to becoming smart city, and in 67 provinces to determine the regional and national status. Yamane sampling technique (1973:1088) applied to determination of sample size of 10,700 persons.
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Figure 1 Components associated to the Media and Information Literacy by UNESCO
Figure 2 Components associated to the Digital Literacy by ONDE
97 The MIL assessment framework and DL assessment conducted data collection in accordance with major and minor competences, specifying the indicators as the target of this survey. The assessment was of 100 marks, categorized into advance, intermediate, basic and improvement-needed levels. Advance level:
An individual or a group of persons with knowledge covering all criteria of the survey, recognizing such knowledge in their everyday life in order to determine the proper social practices and use knowledge, skills, and experience to effectively make decisions
Intermediate level: An individual or a group of persons with knowledge in dimensions consistent with criteria of the survey and able to recall such knowledge and appropriately apply it to their everyday life.
Basic Level: An individual or a group of persons with knowledge consistent with criteria of the survey and able to recall some of such knowledge but not proficiently apply it to their everyday life.
Improvement-needed level: Improvement-needed level: An individual or a group of persons without knowledge covering criteria of the survey or with partial knowledge consistent with criteria of the survey and not proficiently understand such knowledge which may struggle to apply it to their everyday life.
Figure 3 MIL and DL of proficiency levels
The assessment levels were compared with the 4 levels1 specified by UNESCO: advance; intermediate; basic; and improvement-needed levels, related to the guideline of MIL and DL assessment with the range of 0-100 marks. 1
The improvement-needed level was consistent and suitable for the context of Thailand: the competency requiring the improvement was with the mark lower than 50.
98 DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY The survey of MIL and DL literacy of Thailand is prepared the survey in accordance with international standard and collect statistic data from sample group who was the good representative from each region; Central, Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Northeastern. The data from each survey provided spatial dimension of each region and reflected the results of status assessment in national level as this survey had the objective to assess MIL status and competency of Thailand. The general data and data of MIL and DL literacy of the respondents were collected and used as the basis for analysis of overall status of Thailand in various aspect such as gender, educational level, age range, marital status, religion, disability, occupation, income, living area, etc. The methodology consisted of 6 steps of process following the UNESCO’s MIL assessment: establishment of survey preparation committee, design and plan the data collection process; data collection using online and offline questionnaire from June to October 2018 from 10,700 respondents, data analysis by a group of experts (social worker, technologist, analyst, media maker and media monitor) to analyze MIL and DL status of Thailand, then present the plan for driving forward.
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Figure 4 Research Methodology to Survey and Analyze MIL and DL Status
100 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY FRAMEWORK Media and information literacy (MIL) is the ability of individual to access, understand, interpret, evaluate and create information and media in a variety of ways with the awareness of the impact, such information and media without being overwhelmed. Individuals can use the media to be useful for learning and living of both self, family, community and society. It is an important performance of people in digital society that can be divided into 3 main indicators: Access, Evaluation and Creation. There are 9 sub-indicators showing each detail as follows.
Main indicators 1: Access Access means that individual able to recognize the demand for, being able to search for, being able to access and retrieve information and media content, which is divided into 4 sub-indicators, including articulation/ definition, search/location, access and retrieval/holding. 1. Articulation / Definition means that individual able to Determine and articulate the nature, role and scope of the information and media (content) through a variety of resources. 2. Searching / locating means that individual able to Search and locate information and media content. 3. Access means that individual able to access needed information and media content effectively, efficiently and ethically as well as media and information providers. 4. Retrieval / holding means that individual able to retrieve and temporally hold information and media content using a variety of methods and tools.
101 Main indicators 2: Evaluation Evaluation means that individual able to understand, critically analyse and evaluate information and media and content, which is divided into 4 sub-indicators, including understanding, assessment, evaluation and organization information and media 1. Understanding means that individual able to understand necessity of media and information providers in society. 2 . Assessment means that individual able to assess, analyse, compare, articulate and apply initial criteria for assessment of the information retrieved and its sources, as well as evaluate media and information providers in society. 3 . Evaluation means that individual able to evaluate and authenticate information and media content gathered and its sources and media and information providers in society. 4 . Organization means that individual able to synthesize and organize information and media content gathered.
102 Main indicators 3: Creation Creation means that individual able to create, apply, and monitor information and media content, which is divided into 4 sub-indicators, including creative, communication, participation and monitoring 1. Creative means individual able to create and produce new information, media content or knowledge for a specific purpose in an innovative, ethical and creative manner. 2. Communication (media content) means individual able to communicate information, media content and knowledge in an ethical, legal and effective manner using appropriate channels and tools. 3. Participation means that individual able to engage with media and information providers for selfexpression, intercultural dialogue and democratic participation through various means in ethical, effective and efficient manner. 4. Monitoring means that individual able to monitor the impact of created and distributed information, media content and knowledge as well as use existing media and other information providers.
103 DIGITAL LITERACY FRAMEWORK Digital Literacy (DL) means having the ability to use information to communicate in a digital society, effectively and ethical contain with ability to understand digital, that makes technical fluency necessary for computer and Internet use Information understanding and digital media assessment. In order to making the decision of various activities, including able to produce content and communicate effectively through digital tools that are divided into 9 main indicators are 1) Digital rights and responsibilities 2) Digital access 3) Digital communication 4) Digital security 5) Media and information literacy 6) Digital etiquette 7) Digital health and wellness 8) Digital commerce and 9) Digital laws. They have the following details; Indicators 1 Digital rights and responsibilities Digital rights and responsibilities means that individual able to exercise rights freedom correctly, not contrary to the laws, ethics, and morals of society. So that living together in the same society creates peace including online society. Indicators 2 Digital access Digital access means that individual able to understand the Internet access channels, including knowing the advantages and disadvantages of each channel. In order to be able to use search engine to find the information that is needed from the Internet effectively. As well as understand various digital media types including the current application.
104 Indicators 3 Digital communication Digital communication means that individual able to understand how to communicate via media. Digital tools in various aspects both appropriate, media risk differences tools and can communicate by using messages or words creatively, useful and respecting others For the benefit of the public including the ability to analyze various data available on various digital media. What are the facts? What is the opinion? What is some truth? What is true only for that event? To protect themselves and others, not to be a victim of digital communication. Indicators 4: Digital security Digital security means that individual able to understand security, safe and privacy leaving a digital footprint in the use of electronic devices in the digital age including digital threats in various forms. Both in the threat. The impact, prevention and mitigation of those risks Media and information literacy means that people can understand the media and information in the digital age. In order to be able to identify the desired information and can evaluate the benefits Relevance, accuracy, reliability that information from various sources including being able to use that information to develop into knowledge to be used effectively through the presentation. Indicators 5 Media and information literacy Media and information literacy means that individual able to understand the media and information in the digital age. In order to be able to identify the desired information and can evaluate the benefits Relevance, accuracy, and reliability. That information from various sources including being able to use that information to develop into knowledge to be used effectively through the presentation.
105 Indicators 6 Digital etiquette Digital etiquette means that individual able to follow social practices, etiquette, and behave as they should when they are engaged in digital society. In order to not cause trouble, annoyance and stress, as well as not cause of the mental problems of others and themselves. Indicators 7 Digital health and wellness Digital health and wellness means that individual able to understand the dangers and health effects of various aspects, physical health and mental health. Disease Including relationships and impacts on children and youth Internet and digital media. Individuals can practice preventing reduce the impact, including the basic care methods. Both to yourself and the people near you to be able to live happily in the digital age. Indicators 8 Digital commerce Digital commerce means that individual able to understand the steps and processes of doing business online. E-commerce of various types including hazards, risks and risks from that transaction. Along with prevention methods ways to reduce risk and how to deal with danger. Those risks by knowing the procedures when falling victim to these scams. Indicators 9 Digital law Digital law means that individual able to understand the correct action, not wrong and contrary to the rights and limitations that govern the use of digital media in various ways. Which has been determined by the government In order to be able to work live the life according to social regulations and respect the rights of others.
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MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AND DIGITAL LITERACY STATUS OVERALL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY SITUATION
First Hypothesis: Thai citizens had competency to search for necessary information for their everyday life and specify its location. According to digital situation of Thailand in 2018 with the population of 69.1 million people2, 53% of which lived in the cities with internet network provided by private sector. While the number of internet users in Thailand were increasing, 82% of them (57 million people) used the internet provided from the digital infrastructure covering the area nationwide, following Universal Service Obligation Plan (USO) No. 2. It could be said that public sector partially supported the internet network in Thailand through Net Pracharat Project by expanding the high-speed service areas to the villages with no investment potential by private 2
Digital in 2018 in Southeast Asia – Thailand – Snapshot Digital in Thailand
108 sector and reducing the digital gap. The survey indicated that Thai citizens had competency in searching for information and specifying its location as well as to search media using suitable method at average of 78.8 marks (intermediate level), consistent with the statistics of searching |for information/specifying its location of Thai citizens referred to the information of search engine usage provided by Google (google.co.th), the most used search engine: 1,188 times per month, at average of 9 minutes 8 seconds per time 3 . This information supported the competency of Thai citizens in searching for information and specify its location.
Second Hypothesis: Thai citizens had competency to use various tools to access useful content. According to 2018 Alexa ranking4 by amazon.com, it was found that regarding the behavior on website usage and tool selection for website access of Thai citizens, Google (google.co.th) ranked number one of the top websites, followed by youtube.com, google.com, facebook.com, pantip.com, lazada.co.th, movie2free.com, blogspot.com, line.me, and sanook.com, respectively. 28%5 of the users accessed 3 4 5
Digital in 2018 in Southeast Asia – Thailand – Similar Web’s Ranking of Top Websites Alexa Ranking of top websites – January 2018 Statcounter. Hootsuite™ we are social – Share of Web Traffic by Device – January 2018, 2017
109 through laptop, decreasing from the rate in 2016 by 3%, while 55.5 million Thai citizens tended to access via mobile device, increasing from the rate in 2017 by 69%, and the rate of tablet usage increased by 3%. It was obvious that Thai citizens had much access to digital devices, resulting in less digital gap and better life quality in the communities. Therefore, the various and suitable tools were used for competency measurement, consisting of media access devices (smartphones, laptops, computers, and tablets) and media and information access channels (websites, search engines, online learning sources, etc.). The competency in using various devices was at average of 46.2 marks (improvement-needed level). However, the increasing of behavior by using smartphone to access search engine like Google, the activities should be created to optimize the benefit of digital devices, for example, mass open online course (MOOC) to support life long learning, creating more experts and specialists for national development.
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Third Hypothesis: Thai citizens had competency to access the internet and creatively express with social and politic participation. Measured to reflect the behavior on accessing media and information on the internet as well as their creative expression and social and politic participation, the competency in media access of Thai citizens was at average of 40.9 marks (improvement-needed level). It was the growing trend to consume media and express their social and political opinions on media in uncreative manner due to the impetuousness of teenagers or attitude toward Thai society and politics. For example, the survey on Twitter users indicated that the top hashtag in 2018 was BTS6 due to the skytrain’s service problems, causing criticism among the users. It could be said that the creative participation and communication require thinking, analyzing and distinguishing while expressing opinions in order to create the beneficial society and media on the internet for media consumers. The top ten keywords7 for searching by Thai citizens were “soccer”, “movie”, “soccer scores”, “Facebook”, “translate”, “songs”, “lottery”, “live soccer”, “Ban Ball” and “YouTube” respectively, reflecting the interest of 6 7
Top 10 Hashtags for Thailand on Twitter, DAAT Day 2018 Google Trends, January 2018
111 Thai citizens in entertainment. On the other hand, for the expression on online social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, widely used for expressing opinions, the statistics provided by Google Trend indicated that “2019 Election” ranked number 18, followed by “We Want Election”, considered that Thai citizens explicitly expressed their interest in politics. Therefore, the creative expression should be improved in order to reduce the risks on illegal actions against computer-related laws and libel-related laws.
MIL AND DL STATUS IN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
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Google Trend | “Election”, “PM”, “Political Parties” as of 20th October 2018 in the past 12 months, all categories, only search through websites.
112 MIL and DL are crucial for every country in order to develop their people to have digital potential and reach Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). UNESCO, therefore, prepared a global framework of reference on DL skill for indicator 4.4.2, which Thailand, among many Asian countries, used in national and organizational levels, showing the digital skills, ability and understanding of Thailand compared to other countries. The digital literacy report of 2009 prepared by ECDL Foundation surveyed MIL and DL status of a sample group of 8,000 people who used the internet in their everyday life. The survey was conducted in 14 languages, covering European, Asian, African and South American countries. The competency criteria was: 91 marks for DL; 70-91 marks for basic skills; and lower than 70 marks for insufficient skills. For Thailand, the national DL was at 52%, basic skills of 48% and no insufficient skills. However, when compared to DL level of other countries: Cambodia of 83% and Hong Kong at 63%, DL level of Thailand was 31% and 9% respectively lower than theirs. The current MIL and DL status of Thailand in 2019 was surveyed from 12,374 respondents, the result indicated that 9.2% or 1.132 respondents were at advance level for MIL and 10.7% or 1,320 respondents were at advance level for DL. According to the analysis and comparison of MIL (intermediate level) DL (basic level) status of Thailand, it can be said that the development of skills, knowledge and ability to understand media, information and technology are required in order to develop the people to be able to implement and create innovation for Thailand in digital era. Advance Intermediate Basic Improve
MIL DL 9.2% 1,132 people 10.7% 1,320 people 54.2% 6,712 people 34.8% 4,304 people 34.8% 4,307 people 45.9% 5,684 people 1.8% 223 people 8.6% 1,066 people
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114 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AND DIGITAL LITERACY STATUS OF THAILAND MIL assessment was surveyed from 12,374 people in Thailand, consisting of: media and information access, with average of 72.7 marks; assessment and evaluation of media and information, with average of 66.1 marks; and creation and implementation of media and information, with average of 65.7 marks. The overall average was 68.1 marks (intermediate level). As all competencies were in intermediate level, they indicated that Thai citizens had knowledge, skills, understanding and attitude which could properly apply to media and information in their everyday life. However, some development related to evaluation and verification of reliability of media and information was required as they had only basic competency. These competencies are crucial as they act as the shield to protect them from being persuaded and sharing false news to others through online social media. Furthermore, the proper digital environment has to be promoted and developed in order to elevate to “advance level�, meaning that the people can implement media and information in their everyday life and create economic value. DL assessment was surveyed and the result was at average of 64.5 marks (basic level), meaning that Thai citizens understood and were able to use digital technology but no basis on morality, rules, regulations and safety. Therefore, public and private sectors have to jointly drive to develop DL in order to elevate to intermediate or even advance level, so that Thai citizens have the knowledge and skill to use digital technology to becoming digital citizens, creating innovation for the country.
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117 MIL and DL Status of Thailand Competence Media and Information Literacy
Score 68.1
Status Intermediate
Access 72.7 Intermediate Articulation Definition 71.5 Intermediate Search/Location 78.8 Intermediate Access 66.2 Intermediate Retrieval/Holding 70.1 Intermediate Evaluation 66.1 Intermediate Understanding 67.8 Intermediate Assessment 69.1 Intermediate Evaluation 51.7 Basic Organization 75.4 Intermediate Creation 65.7 Intermediate Creative 61.8 Intermediate Communication 73.0 Intermediate Participation 73.0 Intermediate Monitoring 65.1 Intermediate Digital Literacy 64.5 Basic Digital Rights and Responsibilities 63.8 Basic Digital Access (Medium) 63.8 Basic Digital Communication (Method) 69.3 Intermediate Digital Security and Safety 56.6 Basic Media and Information Literacy 64.6 Basic Digital Etiquette 70.9 Intermediate Digital Health and Wellness 65.3 Intermediate Digital Commerce 59.8 Basic Digital Law 52.1 Basic Status level classified by criteria for consideration with a full score of 100 (classified into 4 levels)
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119 STATUS OF NORTHERN THAILAND MIL assessment was surveyed from 2,230 people in Northern Thailand, consisting of: media and information access, with average of 73.0 marks; assessment and evaluation of media and information, with average of 66.8 marks; and creation and implementation of media and information, with average of 66.5 marks. The overall average was 68.7 marks (intermediate level). These results indicated that Thai citizens had knowledge, skills, understanding and attitude which could properly apply to media and information in their everyday life. DL assessment was surveyed and the result was at average of 65.5 marks (intermediate level), meaning that Thai citizens understood and were able to use digital technology but no basis on rights and responsibility, media access, communication methods, digital safety, digital commerce, morality, rules and regulations. Therefore, the development of competency in DL is required in order to elevate to advance level, so that Thai citizens have the knowledge and skill to use digital technology to becoming digital citizens, creating innovation for the country. Competence
Score
Status
Media and Information Literacy 68.7 Intermediate Access 73.0 Intermediate Evaluation 66.8 Intermediate Creation 66.5 Intermediate Digital Literacy 65.5 Intermediate Digital Rights and Responsibilities 64.4 Basic Digital Access (Medium) 64.3 Basic Digital Communication (Method) 68.9 Intermediate Digital Security and Safety 57.9 Basic Media and Information Literacy 68.7 Intermediate Digital Etiquette 72.6 Intermediate Digital Health and Wellness 69.6 Intermediate Digital Commerce 60.8 Basic Digital Law 53.8 Basic Status level classified by criteria for consideration with a full score of 100 (classified into 4 levels)
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121 STATUS OF CENTRAL THAILAND MIL assessment was surveyed from 2,659 people in Central Thailand, consisting of: media and information access, with average of 74.5 marks; assessment and evaluation of media and information, with average of 67.0 marks; and creation and implementation of media and information, with average of 67.2 marks. The overall average was 69.5 marks (intermediate level). These results indicated that Thai citizens had knowledge, skills, understanding and attitude which could properly apply to media and information in their everyday life. DL assessment was surveyed and the result was at average of 66.5 marks (intermediate level), meaning that Thai citizens understood and were able to use digital technology but no basis on digital safety, digital commerce, morality, rules and regulations. Therefore, the development of competency in DL is required in order to elevate to advance level, so that Thai citizens have the knowledge and skill to use digital technology to becoming digital citizens, creating innovation for the country. Competence
Score
Status
Media and Information Literacy 69.5 Intermediate Access 74.5 Intermediate Evaluation 67.0 Intermediate Creation 67.2 Intermediate Digital Literacy 66.5 Intermediate Digital Rights and Responsibilities 65.9 Intermediate Digital Access (Medium) 65.1 Intermediate Digital Communication (Method) 72.3 Intermediate Digital Security and Safety 59.8 Basic Media and Information Literacy 69.5 Intermediate Digital Etiquette 72.2 Intermediate Digital Health and Wellness 68.7 Intermediate Digital Commerce 61.1 Basic Digital Law 53.5 Basic Status level classified by criteria for consideration with a full score of 100 (classified into 4 levels)
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123 STATUS OF NORTHEASTERN THAILAND MIL assessment was surveyed from 3,106 people in Northeastern Thailand, consisting of: media and information access, with average of 70.7 marks; assessment and evaluation of media and information, with average of 64.6 marks; and creation and implementation of media and information, with average of 63.8 marks. The overall average was 66.3 marks (intermediate level). These results indicated that Thai citizens had knowledge, skills, understanding and attitude which could properly apply to media and information in their everyday life. DL assessment was surveyed and the result was at average of 62.1 marks (basic level), meaning that Thai citizens understood and were able to use digital technology but no basis on rights and responsibility, media access, digital safety, digital commerce, morality, rules and regulations. Therefore, the development of competency in DL is required in order to elevate to intermediate and advance levels, so that Thai citizens have the knowledge and skill to use digital technology to becoming digital citizens, creating innovation for the country. Competence
Score
Status
Intermediate 66.3 Media and Information Literacy 70.7 Access Intermediate 64.6 Evaluation Basic 63.8 Creation Basic 62.2 Basic Digital Literacy 62.8 Digital Rights and Responsibilities Basic 62.1 Digital Access (Medium) Basic 66.8 Digital Communication (Method) Intermediate 51.8 Digital Security and Safety Basic 66.3 Media and Information Literacy Intermediate 69.2 Digital Etiquette Intermediate 60.2 Digital Health and Wellness Basic 56.8 Digital Commerce Basic 51.6 Digital Law Basic Status level classified by criteria for consideration with a full score of 100 (classified into 4 levels)
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125 STATUS OF EASTERN THAILAND MIL assessment was surveyed from 1,885 people in Eastern Thailand, consisting of: media and information access, with average of 76.2 marks; assessment and evaluation of media and information, with average of 68.6 marks; and creation and implementation of media and information, with average of 67.5 marks. The overall average was 70.6 marks (intermediate level). These results indicated that Thai citizens had knowledge, skills, understanding and attitude which could properly apply to media and information in their everyday life. DL assessment was surveyed and the result was at average of 66.6 marks (intermediate level), meaning that Thai citizens understood and were able to use digital technology but no basis on rights and responsibility, media access, digital safety, digital commerce, morality, rules and regulations. Therefore, the development of competency in DL is required in order to elevate to advance level, so that Thai citizens have the knowledge and skill to use digital technology to becoming digital citizens, creating innovation for the country. Competence
Score
Status
70.6 Intermediate Media and Information Literacy Access 76.2 Intermediate Evaluation 68.6 Intermediate Creation 67.5 Intermediate Digital Literacy 66.6 Intermediate Digital Rights and Responsibilities 63.2 Basic Digital Access (Medium) 64.8 Basic Digital Communication (Method) 72.9 Intermediate Digital Security and Safety 59.0 Basic Media and Information Literacy 70.6 Intermediate Digital Etiquette 73.4 Intermediate Digital Health and Wellness 69.7 Intermediate Digital Commerce 61.4 Basic Digital Law 53.3 Basic Status level classified by criteria for consideration with a full score of 100 (classified into 4 levels)
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127 STATUS OF SOUTHERN THAILAND MIL assessment was surveyed from 2,494 people in Southern Thailand, consisting of: media and information access, with average of 70.5 marks; assessment and evaluation of media and information, with average of 64.4 marks; and creation and implementation of media and information, with average of 64.2 marks. The overall average was 66.3 marks (intermediate level). These results indicated that Thai citizens had knowledge, skills, understanding and attitude which could properly apply to media and information in their everyday life. DL assessment was surveyed and the result was at average of 62.7 marks (basic level), meaning that Thai citizens understood and were able to use digital technology but no basis on rights and responsibility, media access, digital safety, good health in digital era, digital commerce, morality, rules and regulations. Therefore, the development of competency in DL is required in order to elevate to intermediate and advance levels, so that Thai citizens have the knowledge and skill to use digital technology to becoming digital citizens, creating innovation for the country. Competence
Score
Status
Intermediate Media and Information Literacy 66.3 Access 70.5 Intermediate Evaluation 64.4 Basic Creation 64.2 Intermediate Digital Literacy 62.7 Basic Digital Rights and Responsibilities 62.5 Basic Digital Access (Medium) 63.3 Basic Digital Communication (Method) 67.0 Intermediate Digital Security and Safety 56.4 Basic Media and Information Literacy 66.3 Intermediate Digital Etiquette 68.0 Intermediate Digital Health and Wellness 61.1 Basic Digital Commerce 59.9 Basic Digital Law 48.6 Improve Status level classified by criteria for consideration with a full score of 100 (classified into 4 levels)
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MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AND DIGITAL LITERACY OF SMART PROVINCE
129 STATUS OF CHIANG MAI DL status of Chiang Mai was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills and were able to properly communicate through digital media as well as act in digital society. However, the knowledge related to digital safety, laws, rules and regulations should be developed to the citizens. Furthermore, MIL status of Chiang Mai was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to search media and information from various sources via digital devices. However, the creation and recognition of value of media and information should be developed as well as the participation in monitoring harmful media and information.
130 STATUS OF BANGKOK DL status of Bangkok was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills and were able to properly communicate through digital media as well as act in digital society. However, the knowledge related to laws, rules and regulations should be urgently developed to the citizens. Furthermore, MIL status of Bangkok was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to search media and information from various sources via digital devices. However, the creation and recognition of value of media and information should be developed as well as the participation in monitoring harmful media and information.
131 STATUS OF RATCHABURI DL status of Ratchaburi was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills and were able to properly communicate through digital media as well as act in digital society. However, the knowledge related to digital safety, laws, rules and regulations should be developed to the citizens. Furthermore, MIL status of Ratchaburi was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to search media and information from various sources via digital devices. However, the creation and recognition of value of media and information should be developed as well as the participation in monitoring harmful media and information.
132 STATUS OF KHON KAEN DL status of Khon Kaen was in basic level, meaning that the citizens had the skills and were able to properly act in digital society. However, the proper digital access, communication and usage should be promoted to the citizens in accordance with their rights and responsibility. In addition, the knowledge related to digital safety, laws, rules and regulations should be urgently developed to the citizens. Furthermore, MIL status of Khon Kaen was in basic level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to search media and information from various sources via digital devices. However, the skills and ability to understand and assess media and information should be promoted as well as the creation and participation in monitoring harmful media and information.
133 STATUS OF NAKHON RATCHASIMA DL status of Nakhon Ratchasima was in basic level, meaning that the citizens had the skills and were able to properly act in digital society. However, the proper digital access, communication and usage should be promoted to the citizens in accordance with their rights and responsibility. In addition, the knowledge related to digital safety, laws, rules and regulations should be developed to the citizens. Furthermore, MIL status of Nakhon Ratchasima was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to search media and information from various sources via digital devices. However, the creation and recognition of value of media and information should be developed as well as the participation in monitoring harmful media and information.
134 STATUS OF CHACHOENGSAO DL status of Chachoengsao was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills and were able to properly communicate and act in digital society. However, the rights and responsibility in digital era should be promoted to the citizens, and the knowledge related to laws and e-commerce should be developed. Furthermore, MIL status of Chachoengsao was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to access, search and create media and information via digital devices. However, the recognition of value of media and information should be developed.
135 STATUS OF CHONBURI DL status of Chonburi was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills and were able to properly access, communicate and act in digital society. However, the rights and responsibility in digital era should be promoted to the citizens, and the knowledge related to laws and e-commerce should be developed. Furthermore, MIL status of Chonburi was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to access, search and create media and information via digital devices. However, the recognition of value of media and information should be developed.
136 STATUS OF RAYONG DL status of Rayong was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills and were able to properly communicate and act in digital society. However, the proper digital access and usage should be promoted to the citizens in accordance with their rights and responsibility, and the knowledge related to laws and digital safety should be developed to the citizens. Furthermore, MIL status of Rayong was in intermediate level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to search media and information from various sources via digital devices. However, the creation and recognition of value of media and information should be developed as well as the participation in monitoring harmful media and information .
137 STATUS OF PHUKET DL status of Phuket was in basic level, meaning that every aspect of DL should be promoted to the citizens such as rights and responsibility, digital access, communication, digital safety, media literacy, practices in digital society, good health in digital era, and digital commerce. In addition, the knowledge related to digital laws should be developed to the citizens. Furthermore, MIL status of Phuket was in basic level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to access and search media and information via digital devices. However, the analysis, assessment and creation of media and information should be promoted to the citizens.
138 STATUS OF SONGKHLA DL status of Songkhla was in basic level, meaning that they had the skills and were able to properly communicate and act in digital society. However, the proper digital access and usage should be promoted to the citizens in accordance with their rights and responsibility. In addition, the knowledge related to laws and digital safety should be developed to the citizens. Furthermore, MIL status of Songkhla was in basic level, meaning that the citizens had the skills to access and search media and information via digital devices. However, the analysis, assessment and creation of media and information should be promoted to the citizens as well as the participation in monitoring harmful media and information.
139
140 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AND DIGITAL LITERACY STATUS OF GENERATION MIL|DL 66.8|63.9
MIL|DL 68.3|65.0
MIL|DL 69.5|65.8
MIL|DL 66.6|61.8
The survey result of MIL and DL status classified by age range indicated that the generation having the knowledge and understanding of media and information at intermediate level was Generation Y: their average MIL was 69.5 marks and average DL was 65.8 marks. This generation can be called “Evolving Digizen� or a group of people implementing the internet to search information, follow news, communicate among families and friends as well as follow their flavorist artists. These people have lived during the era of digital technology revolution and enable to adapt to any change, use digital technology and devices to communicate without problem. Furthermore, the survey result indicated that Baby Boomers and Generation Z had the same level of MIL and DL due to their similar internet usage behavior: learn how to use internet from their families or friends and use internet solely for entertainment and communication. In addition, they might not pay attention to safe usage of media and information.
141 STATUS OF BABY BOOMERS Media and Information Literacy Status
Score 66.8 Ranked “Intermediate”
Digital Literacy Status Score 63.2 Ranked “Basic”
Baby Boomers, aged 54 to 72 (born on 1946-1964), were those born during after World War II. It was the period when the technology was not much advanced and developed. The result of MIL survey and assessment of Baby Boomers was at average of 66.8 marks (intermediate level), meaning that they were able to understand media and information in order to implement them to their everyday life. Furthermore, the result of DL survey was at average of 63.2 marks (basic level), meaning that they had the skills to use and understand DL elements but they were not able to fully implement them. These results reflected the related behaviors as follows: Interesting Usage Behaviors: 65.9 % - Use television as a source of education, self-learning and self-development 50.0 % - Use television as a source of information for their everyday life. 61.6 % - Use television as a source of information for their work. 93.9 % - Own a mobile phone. 44.4 % - Use internet to search social activities.
142 STATUS OF GENERATION X Media and Information Literacy Status
Score 68.3 Ranked “Intermediate”
Digital Literacy Status Score 65.0 Ranked “Intermediate”
Generation X, aged 39 to 53 (born on 1965-1979), were those born during the peaceful period of the world. It was the period when the technology was advancing. The result of MIL survey and assessment of Generation X was at average of 68.3 marks (intermediate level), meaning that that they were able to understand media and information in order to implement them to their everyday life. Furthermore, the result of DL survey was at average of 65.0 marks (intermediate level), meaning that they had the skills to use and understand DL elements but they were not able to fully implement them. These results reflected the related behaviors as follows: Interesting Usage Behaviors: 59.3 % - Use television as a source of education, self-learning and self-development. 50.0 % - Use television as a source of information for their everyday life. 51.1 % - Use television as a source of information for their work. 97.2 % - Own a mobile phone. 62.0 % - Use internet to search social activities.
143 STATUS OF GENERATION Y Media and Information Literacy Status
Score 69.5 Ranked “Intermediate”
Digital Literacy Status Score 65.8 Ranked “Intermediate”
Generation Y, aged 21 to 38 (born on 1980-1997), were those born during change when social values were different for each generation. It was the period when the technology and internet were advanced. The result of MIL survey and assessment of Generation Y was at average of 69.5 marks (intermediate level), meaning that that they were able to understand media and information in order to implement them to their everyday life. Furthermore, the result of DL survey was at average of 65.8 marks (intermediate level), meaning that they had the skills to use and understand DL elements, and were able to fully implement them. In addition, with their skill and ability development, they could elevate to advance level, pass on knowledge and improve digital society in the future. These results reflected the related behaviors as follows: Interesting Usage Behaviors: 69.3 % - Use television as a source of education, self-learning and self-development. 63.7 % - Use television as a source of information for their everyday life. 64.1 % - Use television as a source of information for their work. 98.5 % - Own a mobile phone. 73.1 % - Use internet to search social activities.
144 STATUS OF GENERATION Z Media and Information Literacy Status
Score 66.6 Ranked “Intermediate”
Digital Literacy Status Score 61.8 Ranked “Basic”
Generation Z, aged 6 to 20 (born after 1998), were those born with digital technology. This generation generally supported gender diversity and ethnography. The technology was advanced in every aspect including medicine, engineering, science, and telecommunication. The result of MIL survey and assessment of Generation Z was at average of 66.6 marks (intermediate level), meaning that that they were able to understand media and information in order to implement them to their everyday life. Furthermore, the result of DL survey was at average of 61.8 marks (basic level), meaning that they had the skills to use and understand DL elements but they were not able to fully implement them. The development was required in order to elevate to intermediate and advance levels and become the new generation who would effectively develop digital society in the future. These results reflected the related behaviors as follows: Interesting Usage Behaviors 56.5 % - Use television as a source of education, self-learning and self-development. 50.0 % - Use television as a source of information for their everyday life. 49.1 % - Use television as a source of information for their work. 95.5 % - Own a mobile phone. 67.7 % - Use internet to search social activities.
145 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AND DIGITAL LITERACY OF DISABILITIES PEOPLE The survey of people with disabilities was divided into 609 people with motor disabilities and with visual disabilities. The result of MIL survey and assessment of disabilities people was at average of 67.5 marks (intermediate level) and the result of DL survey was at average of 64.7 marks (basic level), The results classified by sample group and perception can be found below. Advance Intermediate Basic Improvement-needed
MIL 9.0% 51.6% 37.9% 2.0%
DL 10.3% 36.0% 45.0% 8.7%
The results of people with disabilities indicaited similar ability as those of normal people.
146
147
APPENDIX Overview of survey respondents, media and information literacy Thailand year 2019 Amount of Sample
12,374 people
Amount of Sampling group by gender
Male 5,796 people Female 6,578 people
Amount of Sampling group by generation
Baby Boomers 2,675 people Generation X 3,631 people Generation Y 3,911 people Generation Z 2,157 people
Amount of Disabled Sampling
Disabled 609 people
148 STATISTICALS DATA
Table 1 Media and Information Literacy survey results compared by Province Administration
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
12,374
100.0
Krabi
155
Bangkok
Media and Information Literacy status
MIL Score
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
68.1
1,132
9.2
6,712
54.2
4,307
34.8
223
1.8
1.3
63.8
1
0.7
64
41.3
87
56.1
3
1.9
428
3.5
70.0
39
9.1
268
62.6
118
27.6
3
0.7
Kanchanaburi
142
1.1
66.2
16
11.3
52
36.6
70
49.3
4
2.8
Kalasin Kamphaeng Phet Khon Kaen
140
1.1
65.8
1
0.7
79
56.4
59
42.2
1
0.7
134
1.1
66.0
1
0.7
93
69.4
38
28.4
2
1.5
463
3.7
62.7
22
4.8
138
29.8
284
61.3
19
4.1
Chanthaburi
111
0.9
73.9
19
17.1
79
71.2
13
11.7
0
0.0
Chachoengsao
452
3.7
75.2
170
37.6
225
49.8
57
12.6
0
0.0
Chonburi
420
3.4
71.8
64
15.2
260
61.9
96
22.9
0
0.0
Chainat
109
0.9
76.2
50
45.9
43
39.4
16
14.7
0
0.0
Chaiyaphum
117
0.9
69.8
7
6.0
86
73.5
24
20.5
0
0.0
Chumphon
107
0.9
71.1
4
3.8
87
81.3
15
14.0
1
0.9
Thailand
149
Amount of sample
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Chiang Rai
110
0.9
Chiang Mai
441
Trang
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
70.9
3
2.7
94
85.5
13
11.8
0
0.0
3.6
69.8
39
8.8
282
64.0
117
26.5
3
0.7
134
1.1
70.4
9
6.7
94
70.2
31
23.1
0
0.0
Trat
140
1.1
69.2
8
5.7
92
65.7
40
28.6
0
0.0
Tak
124
1.0
63.4
1
0.8
52
42.0
67
54.0
4
3.2
Nakhon Nayok
105
0.8
65.9
2
1.9
57
54.3
44
41.9
2
1.9
Nakhon Pathom
105
0.8
71.9
8
7.6
83
79.1
14
13.3
0
0.0
Nakhon Phanom Nakhon Ratchasima Nakhon Si Thammarat Nakhon Sawan
137
1.1
65.7
0
0.0
71
51.8
65
47.5
1
0.7
424
3.4
67.2
25
5.8
228
53.8
166
39.2
5
1.2
109
0.9
75.0
55
50.4
33
30.3
21
19.3
0
0.0
105
0.8
76.0
17
16.2
84
80.0
4
3.8
0
0.0
Nonthaburi
116
0.9
73.4
20
17.2
76
65.6
20
17.2
0
0.0
Narathiwat
108
0.9
68.4
3
2.8
69
63.9
35
32.4
1
0.9
Nan
105
0.8
68.6
5
4.8
65
61.9
33
31.4
2
1.9
150
Administration
Media and Information Literacy status
MIL Score
Administration
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Bueng Kan
122
1.0
Buriram
107
Pathum Thani Prachuap Khiri Khan Prachinburi
Media and Information Literacy status
MIL Score
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
65.7
0
0.0
74
60.7
46
37.7
2
1.6
0.9
69.6
6
5.6
76
71.0
25
23.4
0
0.0
130
1.1
63.6
1
0.8
54
41.5
71
54.6
4
3.1
131
1.1
71.8
25
19.1
78
59.5
25
19.1
3
2.3
115
0.9
69.9
6
5.2
86
74.8
23
20.0
0
0.0
Pattani Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Phayao
167
1.3
64.2
4
2.4
70
41.9
89
53.3
4
2.4
105
0.8
57.9
0
0.0
15
14.3
84
80.0
6
5.7
105
0.8
72.1
12
11.4
77
73.3
16
15.3
0
0.0
Phang Nga
121
1.0
72.0
4
3.3
100
82.6
17
14.1
0
0.0
Phatthalung
129
1.0
58.0
2
1.6
27
20.9
61
47.3
39
30.2
Phichit
113
0.9
64.4
2
1.8
47
41.6
64
56.6
0
0.0
Phitsanulok
106
0.9
73.2
11
10.4
87
82.1
8
7.5
0
0.0
Phetchaburi
105
0.8
71.5
12
11.3
70
66.7
22
21.0
1
1.0
Phetchabun
124
1.0
63.3
5
4.0
46
37.1
65
52.4
8
6.5
151
Amount of sample
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Phrae
108
0.9
Phuket
499
Maha Sarakham
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
62.5
3
2.8
39
36.1
62
57.4
4
3.7
4.0
62.2
15
3.0
151
30.3
310
62.1
23
4.6
216
1.7
62.4
2
0.9
67
31.0
142
65.8
5
2.3
Mukdahan
124
1.0
68.5
2
1.6
81
65.3
41
33.1
0
0.0
Mae Hong Son
109
0.9
76.3
20
18.3
86
78.9
3
2.8
0
0.0
Yasothon
105
0.8
69.9
6
5.7
70
66.7
29
27.6
0
0.0
Yala
132
1.1
69.7
6
4.6
101
76.5
25
18.9
0
0.0
Roi Et
119
1.0
58.2
0
0.0
23
19.3
86
72.3
10
8.4
Ranong
123
1.0
68.3
6
4.9
83
67.5
34
27.6
0
0.0
Rayong
437
3.5
65.5
27
6.2
182
41.6
224
51.3
4
0.9
Ratchaburi
424
3.4
70.8
64
15.1
266
62.7
89
21.0
5
1.2
Lopburi
107
0.9
71.3
8
7.5
87
81.3
12
11.2
0
0.0
Lampang
105
0.8
69.5
11
10.4
61
58.1
32
30.5
1
1.0
Lamphun
107
0.9
70.8
11
10.3
73
68.2
23
21.5
0
0.0
Loei
122
1.0
67.7
7
5.7
71
58.2
43
35.3
1
0.8
152
Administration
Media and Information Literacy status
MIL Score
Administration
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Sisaket
107
0.9
Sakon Nakhon
129
Songkhla
Media and Information Literacy status
MIL Score
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
57.8
0
0.0
13
12.1
86
80.4
8
7.5
1.0
69.4
8
6.1
86
66.7
34
26.4
1
0.8
465
3.8
63.8
36
7.7
166
35.7
242
52.1
21
4.5
Satun
106
0.9
76.7
29
27.3
73
68.9
4
3.8
0
0.0
Samut Prakan Samut Songkhram Samut Sakhon
118
1.0
69.4
9
7.6
79
66.9
29
24.6
1
0.9
105
0.8
65.5
15
14.3
25
23.8
62
59.0
3
2.9
109
0.9
74.5
19
17.4
84
77.1
6
5.5
0
0.0
Sa Kaeo
105
0.8
72.0
7
6.6
87
82.9
11
10.5
0
0.0
Saraburi
105
0.8
71.4
10
9.5
79
75.2
16
15.3
0
0.0
Sing Buri
105
0.8
70.8
11
10.5
73
69.5
21
20.0
0
0.0
Sukhothai
118
1.0
64.3
3
2.6
54
45.8
60
50.8
1
0.8
Suphan Buri
106
0.9
58.5
0
0.0
14
13.2
84
79.2
8
7.6
Surat Thani
139
1.1
67.7
16
11.5
63
45.3
59
42.5
1
0.7
Surin
123
1.0
71.2
6
4.9
100
81.3
17
13.8
0
0.0
153
Amount of sample
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Nong Khai Nong Bua Lamphu Ang Thong
108
0.9
119
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
60.4
0
0.0
30
27.8
75
69.4
3
2.8
1.0
73.1
19
16.0
83
69.7
17
14.3
0
0.0
109
0.9
71.5
16
14.7
69
63.3
23
21.1
1
0.9
Amnat Charoen
113
0.9
76.0
36
31.8
75
66.4
2
1.8
0
0.0
Udon Thani
105
0.8
65.9
5
4.7
47
44.8
51
48.6
2
1.9
Uttaradit
110
0.9
70.5
13
11.8
69
62.7
28
25.5
0
0.0
Uthai Thani Ubon Ratchathani
106
0.9
65.8
0
0.0
66
62.3
38
35.8
2
1.9
106
0.9
69.6
7
6.6
75
70.8
24
22.6
0
0.0
154
Administration
Media and Information Literacy status
MIL Score
Table 2 Media and Information Literacy survey results compared by Gender Gender
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percent of sample
Male
5,796
46.8
Female
6,578
53.2
MIL score
Media and Information Literacy status Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percent of sample
Amount of sample
Percent of sample
Amount of sample
Percent of sample
Amount of sample
Percent of sample
67.5
545
9.4
2,939
50.7
2,193
37.8
119
2.1
68.5
587
8.9
3,773
57.4
2,114
32.1
104
1.6
Table 3 Media and Information Literacy survey results compared by Generation Generation
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Baby Boomer
2,675
21.6
Generation X
3,631
Generation Y Generation Z
Media and Information Literacy status
MIL score
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
66.8
185
6.9
1,354
50.6
1,088
40.7
48
1.8
29.3
68.3
365
10.0
1,975
54.4
1,231
33.9
60
1.7
3,911
31.6
69.5
485
12.4
2,227
56.9
1,122
28.7
77
2.0
2,157
17.4
66.6
97
4.5
1,156
53.6
866
40.1
38
1.8
155
Occupation
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Agriculturist Government Official Merchant
1,874
15.1
2,385
Student State Enterprise Employee Private Enterprise Employee Household Worker Temporary Labor Freelancer Others
156
Table 4 Media and Information Literacy survey results compared by Occupation Media and Information Literacy status
MIL score
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
65.4
90
4.8
897
47.9
845
45.1
42
2.2
19.3
71.5
342
14.3
1,525
64.0
501
21.0
17
0.7
881
7.1
67.3
93
10.6
440
49.9
324
36.8
24
2.7
2,636
21.3
67.2
158
6.0
1,407
53.4
1,029
39.0
42
1.6
385
3.1
64.6
23
6.0
156
40.5
167
43.4
39
10.1
1,027
8.3
69.6
144
13.9
582
56.7
284
27.7
17
1.7
679
5.5
66.5
51
7.5
325
47.9
292
43.0
11
1.6
1,093
8.8
67.0
81
7.4
571
52.2
426
39.0
15
1.4
998
8.1
69.2
101
10.1
574
57.5
310
31.1
13
1.3
416
3.4
69.5
49
11.8
235
56.5
129
31.0
3
0.7
Table 5 Media and Information Literacy survey results compared by Income Income
Sample Group
MIL score
Amount of Percentage sample of sample
Low Income Lower- MiddleIncome Upper- MiddleIncome High Income
Media and Information Literacy status Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
3,816
30.8
66.5
198
5.1
1,987
52.1
1,564
41.0
67
1.8
3,009
24.3
67.3
223
7.4
1,601
53.2
1,136
37.8
49
1.6
4,916
39.7
69.4
611
12.4
2,761
56.2
1,447
29.4
97
2.0
633
5.1
70.8
100
15.8
363
57.3
160
25.3
10
1.6
157
Education Less than primary Primary School Secondary Education Vocational Higher Education
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
91
0.7
2,277
158
Table 6 Media and Information Literacy survey results compared by Education Media and Information Literacy status
MIL score
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
64.7
4
4.4
37
40.7
48
52.7
2
2.2
18.4
65.2
109
4.8
1,068
46.9
1,052
46.2
48
2.1
5,220
42.2
67.1
320
6.1
2,808
53.8
1,972
37.8
120
2.3
1,129
9.1
67.4
103
9.1
560
49.6
447
39.6
19
1.7
3,657
29.6
71.5
596
16.4
2,239
61.2
788
21.5
34
0.9
Table 7 Media and Information Literacy survey results compared by Disability Group Disability
Sample Group Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
609
4.9
Media and Information Literacy status
MIL score 67.5
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
Amount of sample
Percentage of sample
55
9.0
311
51.1
231
37.9
12
2.0
Table 8 Digital Literacy survey result compared by Province Administration
Sample Group
Digital Literacy status
DL score
Advance
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
12,374
100.0
64.5
1,320
Krabi
155
1.3
57.8
Bangkok
428
3.5
Kanchanaburi
142
Kalasin Kamphaeng Phet Khon Kaen
Basic
Improvement needed
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
10.7
4,304
34.8
5,684
45.9
1,066
8.6
1
0.7
29
18.7
102
65.8
23
14.8
65.9
53
12.4
171
40.0
176
41.1
28
6.5
1.1
60.7
16
11.3
28
19.7
79
55.6
19
13.4
140
1.1
62.1
5
3.5
49
35.0
68
48.6
18
12.9
134
1.1
55.1
0
0.0
3
2.2
125
93.3
6
4.5
463
3.7
58.6
19
4.1
81
17.5
272
58.7
91
19.7
Chanthaburi
111
0.9
71.5
24
21.6
60
54.1
26
23.4
1
0.9
Chachoengsao
452
3.7
72.4
183
40.5
132
29.2
122
27.0
15
3.3
Chonburi
420
3.4
67.3
58
13.8
184
43.8
151
36.0
27
6.4
Chainat
109
0.9
76.6
61
56.0
30
27.5
14
12.8
4
3.7
Chaiyaphum
117
0.9
64.6
8
6.8
47
40.2
58
49.6
4
3.4
Chumphon
107
0.9
66.9
16
15.0
46
43.0
41
38.3
4
3.7
159
Amount per sample
Thailand
Amount per Percentage sample of sample
Intermediate
Sample Group
Advance
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per Percentage sample of sample
Chiang Rai
110
0.9
69.0
12
Chiang Mai
441
3.6
65.5
Trang
134
1.1
Trat
140
Tak
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
10.9
64
58.2
30
27.3
4
3.6
44
9.9
174
39.5
200
45.4
23
5.2
67.5
8
6.0
70
52.2
53
39.6
3
2.2
1.1
63.7
8
5.7
54
38.6
69
49.3
9
6.4
124
1.0
59.6
1
0.8
29
23.4
78
62.9
16
12.9
Nakhon Nayok
105
0.8
58.4
2
1.9
19
18.1
69
65.7
15
14.3
Nakhon Pathom
105
0.8
68.4
6
5.7
67
63.8
32
30.5
0
0.0
Nakhon Phanom Nakhon Ratchasima Nakhon Si Thammarat Nakhon Sawan
137
1.1
64.8
35
25.5
17
12.4
69
50.4
16
11.7
424
3.4
62.0
28
6.6
126
29.7
221
52.1
49
11.6
109
0.9
70.1
13
12.0
65
59.6
24
22.0
7
6.4
105
0.8
77.9
47
44.7
51
48.6
7
6.7
0
0.0
Nonthaburi
116
0.9
74.4
50
43.1
42
36.2
18
15.5
6
5.2
Narathiwat
108
0.9
63.4
6
5.5
41
38.0
53
49.1
8
7.4
Nan
105
0.8
65.6
11
10.5
42
40.0
42
40.0
10
9.5
160
Administration
Digital Literacy status
DL score
Administration
Sample Group
Digital Literacy status
DL score
Advance
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per Percentage sample of sample
Bueng Kan
122
1.0
61.8
0
Buriram
107
0.9
64.2
Pathum Thani Prachuap Khiri Khan Prachinburi
130
1.1
131
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
0.0
38
31.2
82
67.2
2
1.6
8
7.5
40
37.4
55
51.4
4
3.7
57.0
2
1.5
19
14.6
86
66.2
23
17.7
1.1
66.4
14
10.7
55
42.0
51
38.9
11
8.4
115
0.9
68.2
18
15.6
57
49.6
36
31.3
4
3.5
Pattani Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Phayao
167
1.3
57.4
6
3.5
18
10.8
115
68.9
28
16.8
105
0.8
54.2
0
0.0
7
6.7
69
65.7
29
27.6
105
0.8
69.5
7
6.7
71
67.6
27
25.7
0
0.0
Phang Nga
121
1.0
68.7
10
8.3
80
66.1
27
22.3
4
3.3
Phatthalung
129
1.0
57.8
1
0.8
16
12.4
93
72.1
19
14.7
Phichit
113
0.9
61.7
3
2.7
31
27.4
74
65.5
5
4.4
Phitsanulok
106
0.9
63.6
0
0.0
38
35.8
66
62.3
2
1.9
Phetchaburi
105
0.8
69.2
15
14.3
54
51.4
28
26.7
8
7.6
Phetchabun
124
1.0
60.5
7
5.6
29
23.4
73
58.9
15
12.1
161
Amount per sample
Sample Group
Advance
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per Percentage sample of sample
Phrae
108
0.9
58.9
2
Phuket
499
4.0
59.6
Maha Sarakham
216
1.7
Mukdahan
124
Mae Hong Son
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
1.9
25
23.1
64
59.3
17
15.7
10
2.0
122
24.5
301
60.3
66
13.2
56.4
2
0.9
22
10.2
145
67.1
47
21.8
1.0
66.2
8
6.5
61
49.2
49
39.5
6
4.8
109
0.9
75.2
34
31.2
60
55.0
12
11.0
3
2.8
Yasothon
105
0.8
64.5
5
4.7
40
38.1
55
52.4
5
4.8
Yala
132
1.1
68.3
9
6.8
76
57.6
44
33.3
3
2.3
Roi Et
119
1.0
56.2
1
0.8
19
16.0
65
54.6
34
28.6
Ranong
123
1.0
61.7
2
1.6
45
36.6
63
51.2
13
10.6
Rayong
437
3.5
60.9
28
6.4
106
24.3
237
54.2
66
15.1
Ratchaburi
424
3.4
69.1
74
17.5
202
47.6
135
31.8
13
3.1
Lopburi
107
0.9
67.4
14
13.1
47
43.9
43
40.2
3
2.8
Lampang
105
0.8
66.6
17
16.2
40
38.1
42
40.0
6
5.7
Lamphun
107
0.9
68.3
14
13.1
53
49.5
36
33.7
4
3.7
Loei
122
1.0
64.7
4
3.2
50
41.0
65
53.3
3
2.5
162
Administration
Digital Literacy status
DL score
Administration
Sample Group
Digital Literacy status
DL score
Advance
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per Percentage sample of sample
Sisaket
107
0.9
55.7
0
Sakon Nakhon
129
1.0
65.1
Songkhla
465
3.8
Satun
106
Samut Prakan Samut Songkhram Samut Sakhon
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
0.0
10
9.4
76
71.0
21
19.6
9
7.0
55
42.6
56
43.4
9
7.0
60.9
31
6.7
95
20.4
285
61.3
54
11.6
0.9
75.2
33
31.1
61
57.6
11
10.4
1
0.9
118
1.0
65.4
15
12.7
44
37.3
50
42.4
9
7.6
105
0.8
64.9
20
19.0
26
24.8
47
44.8
12
11.4
109
0.9
71.7
27
24.8
58
53.2
23
21.1
1
0.9
Sa Kaeo
105
0.8
67.1
9
8.6
50
47.6
42
40.0
4
3.8
Saraburi
105
0.8
69.0
14
13.3
57
54.3
30
28.6
4
3.8
Sing Buri Sukhothai Suphan Buri
105 118 106
0.8 1.0 0.9
65.8 63.8 57.8
13 4 0
12.4 3.4 0.0
41 46 16
39.0 39.0 15.0
43 59 75
41.0 50.0 70.8
8 9 15
7.6 7.6 14.2
Surat Thani
139
1.1
62.3
10
7.2
41
29.5
72
51.8
16
11.5
Surin
123
1.0
66.5
11
8.9
63
51.2
45
36.6
4
3.3
163
Amount per sample
Sample Group
Advance
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per Percentage sample of sample
Nong Khai Nong Bua Lamphu Ang Thong
108
0.9
53.8
0
119
1.0
67.9
109
0.9
Amnat Charoen
113
Udon Thani
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
0.0
1
0.9
79
73.1
28
26.0
6
5.0
68
57.2
44
37.0
1
0.8
70.1
19
17.4
60
55.1
28
25.7
2
1.8
0.9
75.5
40
35.4
57
50.4
14
12.4
2
1.8
105
0.8
62.6
3
2.8
40
38.1
51
48.6
11
10.5
Uttaradit
110
0.9
67.8
10
9.1
60
54.5
39
35.5
1
0.9
Uthai Thani Ubon Ratchathani
106
0.9
69.8
13
12.3
66
62.3
26
24.5
1
0.9
106
0.9
64.2
3
2.8
47
44.3
52
49.1
4
3.8
164
Administration
Digital Literacy status
DL score
Table 9 Result Survey Digital Literacy by Gender Sample Group Gender Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Male
5,796
46.8
Female
6,578
53.2
DL score
Digital Literacy status Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
64.2
650
11.2
1,907
32.9
2,689
46.4
550
9.5
64.7
670
10.2
2,397
36.4
2,995
45.5
516
7.9
Table 10 Digital Literacy survey results compared by Generation Generation
Sample Group
DL score
Digital Literacy status Advance
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per Percentage sample of sample
Baby Boomers
2,675
21.6
63.9
263
Generation X
3,631
29.3
65.0
Generation Y
3,911
31.6
Generation Z
2,157
17.4
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage Amount per Percentage of sample sample of sample
9.8
899
33.6
1,264
47.3
249
9.3
442
12.2
1,287
35.4
1,595
43.9
307
8.5
65.8
519
13.3
1,463
37.4
1,638
41.9
291
7.4
61.8
96
4.4
655
30.4
1,187
55.0
219
10.2
165
Occupation Agriculturist Government Official Merchant Student State Enterprise Employee Private Enterprise Employee Household Worker Temporary Labor Freelancer Others
Sample Group Amount per sample
Percent of sample
1,874
15.1
2,385
DL score total
Advance
166
Table 11 Digital Literacy survey results compared by Occupation Digital Literacy status Intermediate Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
62.2
119
6.4
580
30.9
955
51.0
220
11.7
19.3
68.2
418
17.5
1,022
42.9
839
35.2
106
4.4
881 2,636
7.1 21.3
64.4 62.3
113 153
12.8 5.8
292 827
33.1 31.4
382 1,386
43.4 52.6
94 270
10.7 10.2
385
3.1
62.7
28
7.3
100
26.0
223
57.9
34
8.8
1,027
8.3
66.1
160
15.6
371
36.1
411
40.0
85
8.3
679
5.5
63.5
56
8.3
222
32.7
343
50.5
58
8.5
1,093 998 416
8.8 8.1 3.4
63.4 65.6 66.0
107 114 52
9.8 11.4 12.5
327 394 169
29.9 39.5 40.6
567 419 159
51.9 42.0 38.2
92 71 36
8.4 7.1 8.7
Table 12 Digital Literacy survey results compared by Income Sample Group Income Low Income Lower- MiddleIncome Upper- MiddleIncome High Income
DL score total
Digital Literacy status Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
62.3
231
6.1
1,200
31.4
1,981
51.9
404
10.6
24.3
63.6
273
9.1
979
32.5
1,491
49.6
266
8.8
4,916
39.7
66.2
702
14.3
1,863
37.9
1,992
40.5
359
7.3
633
5.1
68.0
114
18.0
262
41.4
220
34.8
37
5.8
Amount per sample
Percent of sample
3,816
30.8
3,009
167
Education
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
91
0.7
Primary School Secondary Education Vocational
2277
Higher Education
Less than primary
Digital Literacy status
DL score
Sample Group
168
Table 13 Digital Literacy survey results compared by Education Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
59.4
3
3.3
18
19.8
55
60.4
15
16.5
18.4
62.2
169
7.4
657
28.9
1195
52.5
256
11.2
5220
42.2
63.1
397
7.6
1707
32.7
2608
50.0
508
9.7
1129
9.1
64.5
136
12.0
362
32.1
532
47.1
99
8.8
3657
29.6
68.0
615
16.8
1560
42.7
1294
35.4
188
5.1
Table 14 Digital Literacy survey results of sample with Disability sample group Group
Disability
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
609
4.9
Digital Literacy status
DL score 64.7
Advance
Intermediate
Basic
Improvement needed
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
Amount per sample
Percentage of sample
63
10.3
219
36.0
274
45.0
53
8.7
169 GLOSSARY Vocabulary Definition Digital Ability to use information to efficiency communicated in Literacy (DL) digital society ethics that includes digital literacy (fluency technical for computer and Internet), Information understanding and digital media assessment that able to make decision processes in various activities, including effective created media content and information communicate through digital tools, according to The Digital Literacy Curriculum of the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society 2016. Advanced Level: Individual able to apply information, digital tools and internet for communicate in digital society creatively and efficiently, as well as transfer knowledge and experience to another for himself and society. Intermediate Level: Individual able to use information, digital tools and internet for communicate in digital society practically, as well as everyday life and occupation. Basic Level: Individual able to understand theory, principles, etiquette, rule and legal for use information and communicate in digital society efficiently and ethically as well as use digital tools, internet and assessment digital media.
170 Vocabulary
Definition Improvement-needed Level: Individual lack knowledge, understanding and skills to use information and communicate in digital society efficiently and ethically, include necessary techniques of using digital tools, internet and evaluating digital media.
171 Vocabulary Definition Media and Ability to access, understand, interpret, evaluate, and Information create information and media in a variety of formats by Literacy (MIL) individual, also awareness the influence of online information and media. In the meantime, Individual able to use media for living and learning for themselves, family, community and society according to the UNESCO corporate media and information literacy concept. Advanced Level: Individual able to create and communicate information and media content creatively, as well as monitor influence and impact made. Intermediate Level: Individual able to analyze and evaluate value and influence of media and information, as well as organize and save retrieved media and information system appropriately. Basic Level: Individual understand how to access, evaluate and create simple information and media from various format, as well as recognize his or her information and media need. Improvement-needed level: Individual lack in access, understand, analyze, evaluate and create information and media without knowledge according to improve digital literacy.
172 Vocabulary Definition Access Recognizing the demand for, being able to search for, being able to access and retrieve information and media content. Evaluation Understanding, assessment and evaluation of information and media. Creation Creation, utilization and monitoring of information and media content. Competence Ability to do specified duties succeed by integrating knowledge, skills and attributes. Assessment A new name for formative assessment of the degree of for attitude actual power present in an individual or system to learning perform a given physical or mental act such as cognitive ability, creative ability, intelligence, language ability, reading ability. psychomotor skill Democracy A system of government where the people have final authority, which they exercise directly or indirectly through their elected agents, chosen in a free electoral system. It also implies freedom to exercise choice over decision affecting the life individual and the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. Smart city A smart city is a designation given to a city that incorporates information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance the quality and performance of urban services such as energy, transportation and utilities in order to reduce resource consumption, wastage and overall costs. The overarching aim of a smart city is to enhance the quality of living for its citizens through smart technology.
173 Vocabulary Definition Digital A potential to use safely digital technology and media Citizenship with effective responsibility. It consists of 8 skills according to definition of the DQ Institute. Digital Citizen Ability of digital citizens to create and manage honest Identity identification in both online and offline according to the definition of the 8 skills of the DQ Institute. Screen Time Ability of digital citizens to manage time in the online Management world Time management for various missions Time management and self-directed activities in social media according to the definition of 8 skills of the DQ Institute. Cyberbullying Ability of digital citizens to manage and cope with Management cyberbullying situations intelligently according to the definition of 8 skills of the DQ Institute. Cybersecurity Ability of digital citizens to protect privacy by setting Management security password Including methods to prevent various cyber threats according to the definition of 8 skills of the DQ Institute. Privacy Ability of digital citizens to manage personal information Management published in the online world with critical judgment in order to protect the privacy of both themselves and others as defined by the 8 skills of the DQ Institute. Critical Ability of digital citizens to consideration, analyse, Thinking distinguish between fact and fake information, useful contents or illegal media on the Internet according to the definition of 8 skills of the DQ Institute. Digital Ability of digital citizens to understand the nature of Footprints digital footprint influence real life and responsibility for manage the information about a person that exists on the
174 Vocabulary Digital Empathy
Definition Internet as a result of their online activity according to the definition of 8 skills of the DQ Institute. Ability of individuals to perceive sympathy and pay attention to the perception of others in the online world according to the definition of 8 skills of the DQ Institute.
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