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BoJio,ZJ;iB Heo6MeJKeHoiO imj:>apMau;i€10 ru;o,ZJ;o perrpecMBHMX 3axo,ZJ;iB BJia,ZJ;M IIpOTM iHTeJiireHu;ii, 30KpeMa TBOp'IOi. 5IK 3i3HaBaBC.si, BiH BiB ru;o,ZJ;eHHMKM, oKpeMi 3arrMCM, KOHcrreKTM. EyB 3HaiioMMM i 3 JiiTepaTypOIO CaMBM,ZJ;aBy. IHTyiTMBHO, mocTMM BiA'IYTT.siM JKYPHaJiicTa, .si 3po3yMiB, ru;o Hami p03MOBM, 3YCTpi'Ii, Tpe6a 3aHOTOByBaTM i 3aJIMillMTM IX ,Zl;JI.si icTopii TeaTpy, .siKMM € rrp.siMMM crra,ZJ;KO€MIJ;eM KopmpeiB, .siKi MaiOTb CBiTOBe 3Ha'!eHH.si ,Zl;JI.si BCiX HaCTYIIHMX IIOKOJiiHb. Ha JKaJib, He Bee 36eperJIOC.si. IIporroHyiO Te, ru;o 3aJIMillMJIOC.si y MO€MY BJiacHoMy Ta oco6McToMy apxiBi IBaHa Ka3Ha,ZJ;i.si. B. IIIYPAIIOB: IBaHe BacMJibOBM'Iy, BM O'IOJIMJIM TeaTp iMeHi MapKa KporrMBHMIJ;bKOro BTpeT€, rricJI.si TpHBaJioi rrepepBH. qOMY HaBaJKMJIMC.si Ha TaKMM KpOK? I. KA3HA,lllit IlpH'IMH TpH. Ilo-rrepme, u;eii TeaTp OC06JIMBMM, BiH Ma€ Mariqey CMJIY ,ZJ;JI.si JIIO,ZJ;eM, KOTpi B HbOMY IIO'IMHaJIM. Ba6MTb ,ZJ;O ce6e. Ilo-,ZJ;pyre, .si, MOJKJIMBO, i He B'IMHMB 611 TaK, .siK6M He Moi yqHi. YMOBMJIM: ~Ma€Te MO)KJIMBicTb BMKOHaTM CBOIO 3aiiOBiTHY MpiiO~. I IIO-TpeT€, MeHe 6eHTeJKMTb, a TO ii ,ZJ;pazy€ .siKecb ,ZJ;MBHe HexTyBaHH.si 3aKOHaMM rrcMxoJiori'IHoro TeaTpy, .siKe .si 6aqy B KM€Bi. EaraTo rri,ZJ;po6oK, crreKyJI.siu;iii, rriHM ... Mo€ IIOBepHeHH.si u;e crrpo6a IIOBepHyTM MiCTY poMaHTM'IHO-IICMXOJIOfi'IHMM TeaTp. B. IIIYPAIIOB: A He JKaJIKY€Te? I. KA3HA,lllll: IIoKM ru;o Hi. Ta ii HeMa qacy 3aMMCJIIOBaTMCb Ha,ZJ; IJ;MM. Ilpo6JieM 6e3Jii'I. IIJiaHyiO rrpoT.siroM poKy BiciM-,ZJ;eB'.siTb rrpeM'€p. Tpe6a IIOHOBMTM a<j:Jimy, 3aBaHTaJKMTM aKTOpiB HOBMMM pOJI.siMM, ru;o6 3f0,Zl;OM Bi,ZJ; HMX BMMaraTM i .siKOCTi, i rrpo<j:JeciOHaJii3MJ, i BMCOKOro MMCTeiJ;bKOro piBH.si. ,llyMaiO, IIJ;O BapTO BrrpoBa,ZJ;JKyBaTM i KaMepHi crreKTaKJii. Ue ,ZJ;aCTb MO)KJIMBiCTb BM.siBMTM TBOp'IHM rroTeHu;iaJI MaiiJKe KOJKHoro 'IJieHa TpyrrM. B. IIIYPAIIOB: IBaHe BacMJibOBM'Iy, 'IMMaJIO rr'€c MapKa JlyKM'Ia KporrMBHMIJ;bKoro He 6a'!MJIO cBiTJia paMrrM, a, .siK Bi,ZJ;oMo, ix HarrMcaHo 6iJibme rr' .siTM,ZJ;eC.siTM. A .siKru;o KOHKpeTHO, TO copoK rr'.siTb rr'€c i micTb iHcu;eHiBOK. 5I BJKe He KaJKy rrpo TPMTOMHMK

9


OpHriHaJibHMX

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)lo

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5I iHmoro i He crro,ll;iBaBC.si ... Ta :U

KOMY aaxoTMThC.si roBopHTM KaToBi, mo BiH KaT?! BM,ll;IOma cMepTb CTpaiiiHa! Ta M IIOIIJiiqHifKM MOi ITO KOHOBi - CIIpHTHi me JIMille ,ll;O rro6yToBoi mzyKM, a TJT ... Mo:>Ke, KOJIMCh ... Mo:>Ke, KOJIMCh ... YrroBaiO

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35

1958 JiiT.

IIo-,ll;pyre, ... o:U, HeJierKa TO crrpaBa Bi,ll;IIOBiCTM Ha TaKe, 3,ll;aBaJIOC.si 6, rrpocTe, .siK rrpaB,ll;a, aarrMTaHH.si ... OT, .siK? ....siKMMM <PJIIOi,ll;aMM ,ll;ymi i cep:u;.si TM aaKoxy€mc.si y zy qlfMOCb TaK 3BOpymMJia TBO€ cep:u;e?

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mo rrpaKTifqHo BOJIO,ll;i€

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- 5IK Te6e 3BaTM, KpacyHe? - IIepe,ll; BoJieiO. - A XTO TBOi 6aTbKM? - MapKo KporrMBHM:QhKMM ... - A B qoMy TM KOXa€mc.si? - Y CB060,ll;i i BOJii. - A mo To6i 6oJIMTh? - 3arM6eJih TaJiaHTiB.

10


- A qHM TH pa.JJ;i€m? - BiqHHM KoxaHHHM. - HaJJ; qHM CMi€IDCH? - 3 6e3rJiy3;a;H. - qHM ;a;opo:>~mm? - Hapo;a;Horo My;a;picno. 5IKm;o rricJIH oTaKoro ~Jiro6oBHoro rrepecJioByBaHHH~ Hiqoro He CXBHJIIOBaJIO MOro cepu;H, YHBH, He IIpHMYCHJIO ~MapHTH~ rr'€coro, ~He3aBariTHHJIO~ MO€i YHBH - MapHa TO crro;a;iBaHKa Ha xopomy TaJiaHOBHTY BHCTaBy. B. IIIYPAIIOB: 3i cJiiB caMoro MapKa JlyKHqa Bi;a;oMo, ru;o 6aThKO MOro BHpic y 3JIH;11;HHX, aJie Ha BOJii, MaTH )I( 3pOCTaJia y ;a;ecrroTHqHIH po;a;HHi, ;a;e rroKapaHHH JiaMKOIO BBa)l(aJIOCH Ha:H:JiermHM. 5IK Ha Barny AYMKy, qH He CTaJia cTpH)I(HeM u;i€i 7 rrpeKpaCHOi II €CH HKaCh aBT06iorpa<PiqHa rrepmOOCHOBa? I. KA3HA):Uti: CIO)I(eToM AJIH u;i€i rr'€cH, 6e3yMoBHO, rrocJiy)I(HJIH 6iorpa<PiqHi ;a;aHi 3 )I(HTTH Bi~HMa IIHChMeHHHKOBOi MaTepi lBaHa AH;a;pi:H:oBHqa ,lly6poBHHChKOro. CHH KporrHBHHD;hKOro BoJIOAHMHp MapKOBHq po3IIOBi;a;aB MeHi rrpo u;e i HaroJiomyBaB rrpo Te, IIJ;O ~6araTO qoro 3 MHHYJIOrO TaK i 3aJIHillHJIOCh Ha3aBQH He3'HCOBaHHM i CTaJIO qHMOCh JiereH;a;apHHM... I Bee 6iJihme rrpoAOB)I(YBaJIO TPHBO)I(HTH xy;a;o)I(HIO yHBY 6aThKa~. 5I MaM)I(e @i;a;qyBaiO mKiporo~ i cepu;eM Ty, TaK i He3a)I(HBJieHY qepe3 yce )I(HTTH, ciJIJIIO rrocHrraHy cep;a;eqHy paey MapKa JlyKHqa, IIOKHHYTOrO pi;11;HOIO MaTip'ro ru;e Ha 30pi AHTHHCTBa. HarriBcHpoTa 6aThKa JlyKH, yrrpaBJIHIOqoro Ma€TKOM rraHa, MaJIHMH 6ocHMH HOraMH 6piB qepe3 ;a;epeB'HHHM MicTOK. ParrTOM 6pHqKa, 3;11;H6JieHi KOHi HKOi 3aXapqaJIH i ... CTaJIH! 3 6pHqKH 3iCKQqHJia HKaCh ~IIaHi~, OXOIIHJia pyKaMH B 6iJIHX pyKaBHqKax JiereHhKe TiJio XJIOrrqHKa i 3apH;a;aJia Ha BCIO ;a;oJIHHy: ~MapKo! KpoBHHOqKa MOH HeJMHTa! fopo6HHHTKO MO€ roJio;a;He!~. KHeyJiach ;a;o BaJii3H, Ha6HJia rroBHY MapKoBy rra3ymKy coJio;a;oru;aMH, oKporrHJia Bee MOro HeBMHTe JIHqKQ CJih03aMH i rapHqHMH IIOD;iJiyHKaMH i ... 3HerrpHTOMHiJia... Bi3HHK rri;a;HHB ii Ha CHAiHHH, ciB Ha o6JiyqoK, Heca-

11


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B. IIIYP Ali 0 B: 5IK poano,ll;iJieHi poJii? A,ll;:IKe Bi,ll; D;bOro neBHOIO MipOIO, a, MO:IKe, i 6iJibiiiOIO, 3aJie:IKHTb ycnix MaH6yTHbOrO cneKTaKJIIO. CniBnaJIH yno,ll;o6aHH.H aKTopiB m;o,ll;o repoiB n'ecH qlf Hi? 5IK apTHCTH cnpHHH.HJIH u;eii: TBip?

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12


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I

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13


~TaJiaHT

- qTo AeHhrii: eCJIH eCTb - TaK eCTh, a eCJIH HeT - TaK

HeT>>. ,l{JI.SI ~IJepeA BOJieiO~ 3aKOHiB He icHy€, 6o He iCHY€ B rrpHpOAi c:u;eHiqHoi icTopil :u;iei rr'ecH. Ui 3aKOHH BHpa3HOCTi KO:>KHOro i3 100 - HiMHX i rQBOpHIIJ;HX rrepCOHa:>KiB IIOTpi6HO ~II06aqHTH~ B p e :>K H C e p C b K 0 M y 3 a A y M i, a IIOTiM p 0 3 JI 0 :>K H T H IX y II p 0 C T 0 p i o6pa3HOro CTeHorpa$iqHoro pimeHHH, OCBiTHTH qH 3aTeMHHTH - IIpHHariAHO. Ix Tpe6a IIOJII06HTH, IIOKOXaTH, HK CBOiX piAHHX AiTeH, i KO:>KHOMY 3HaHTH Mic:u;e B ~rro6aqeHiH C:QeHorpa$il~. 5I ~6aqy~ BHCTaBy y:>Ke 40 poKiB, JII06JIIO ii i rrpoKJIHHaro! IlapaAOKc! HoHceHc? HoHceHc? Hi! IloKH H ~Hep03po:>Kych~ Hero, BOHa ~HTHMe MeHe, HK ropAa KpacyHH. B3araJii, BKmoqHTH Bci Ba:>KeJii pe:>KHcepcbKOro MHCTe:QTBa y BHCTaBi - TO € 03HaKa TaJiaHTY opraHi3aTopa, rreAarora i xyAO:>KHHKa-pe:>KHcepa. qH BAaCThCH? IIo6aqHMO Ha rrpeM'epi. B. IIIYPAIIOB: IBaHe BacHJihOBHqy, poJih, HK Bipm, IIOBHHHa 6yTH BHMOBqaHa, BHCTpaQaHa, HKIIJ;O xoqeTe, BHHomeHa. TaK caMo i BHCTaBa. CKiJihKH y Bac oco6HCTO rrimJio qacy Ha Bee :u;e? KoJIH Brrepme 3'HBHJiacH AYMKa orrpHJIIOAHHTH 3aMOBqyBaHHH TBip IIpOTHroM 6araTbOX poKiB? I. KA3HA,lllfi: ~Maii:6yTHH BHCTaBa, - TBepAHB reHiil: PMHHCbKOI pe:>KHCypH ToBCTOHOroB, - B YHBi, ~6aqeHHi~, 3aMHCJii TaJiaHOBHTOro pe:>KHCepa He MO:>Ke 3'HBHTHCH 0Apa3y orricJIH rrpoqHTaHHH rr'ecH~. To JIHme IX (pe:>KHcepa i rr'ecH ~Jiro6oBHe rro6aqeHHH~, oroBopeHe MHOIO paHime. Pe:>KHcepchKHH 3aMHCeJI, ~6aqeHHH~ yci€I BHCTaBH, AO HaHMeHIDHX Api6HH:Qb 3'HBJIH€ThCH rrpoTHrOM 6araTbOX poKiB ~BariTHoro rrepioAy~. TaK, TaK! CrrpaB:>KHiil: pe:>KHcep, TaJiaHOBHTHH XYAO:>KHHK Ha:u;ioHaJihHOI c:u;eHH, MYCHTh ~3aBariTHiTH~ BiA rr'ecH i ~po3pOAHTHCH~ He o6oB'H3KOBO qepe3 AeB'HTb MiCH:QiB, a 3HaqHO 6iJibmOro CTpOKy!!! 5I rroJII06HB rr'ecy M.KporrHBHH:QhKoro crroqaTKY 3a Te, ~HKOIO BOHa € crrpaBAi - y 1959 po:u;i, OIIiCJIH CJiaBH03BiCHOI MO€i BHCTaBH ~3aMyJieHi A:>KepeJia~ ( ~MeTeJIHK~) - y 1958 po:u;i, ru;o rrpoil:mJia 150 aHIDJiariB i 6yJia IIOKa3aHa y KH€Bi Ha CTOJIHqHiH C:QeHi

r.o.

14


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15


YKOChKaTM, TO OCTaHHi BMrHaJIM

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16


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19


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20


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21


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22


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23


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24


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25


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5IKOCb, y)Ke napy6KOM, nOCJiaB MeHe 6aTbKO ,li;O IlOJITaBH cnpaBHTH .n;e:m;o 3 O,ll;e)Ki... 5Ip-Ma-poK, Haqe MypaiiiHHK: JIIO,ZJ;eii:, HK TOBapy,- BH,li;HMO-HeBH,li;HMO... PanToM qy10 ... cniBae XTOCh ... Ta TaK )KYPJIHBO ... TeHopoM .. . Haqe Me.n;oM .n;yrny, Haqe oneHbKaMH Ha cep:u;e: ~.lle TH 6po.n;Hrn?~ .. .

5I ni,ZJ;XOnJIIOIO 6apHTOHOM: ~,lle TH 6pO,li;HIII, MOH ,li;OJie, He .n;oKJIHqych H Te6e~. I panToM, HaBcTpiq o.n;HH o.n;HOMJ... 06HHJIHCb: ~3.n;opoB 6yBaii:, K03aqe! 3Bi,ZJ;KH 6y.n;ern?~ - ~3 Map'HHiBKH, IBaHOM 3BaTH, CeMeHa Ko3JIOBCbKoro CHH~ ... ~Cyci.n; 3HaThCH, HY noqMoKaeMOCh. A H 3 ,lloH:u;iB! 5IpMapKyern?~ ~Ta Hi. Cboro.n;Hi .n;o IloJITaBH npHi3.n;HTb aHTpenpH3a OnaHaca CaKcaraHCbKOro Ta MHKOJIH Ca.n;oBCbKOro. Ha acpirnax i MapiH 3aHhKOBeiJ;hKa 3HaqHThCH!~ ~A To6i :m;o? KopTHTh .n;o TeaTpy?~

27


~Ta xoqy iM 3acrriBaTh, MO)Ke ... ~ ~Hy, TM )K i My.n;pareJih! Xo.n;iMo

paaoM, MO)Ke... ~ ~,llorHaB -

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y BciX KJiaCJfqHifX BMCTaBax TO,ll;illHbOrD perrepTyapy, a KOJIM MMKOJia Ca.n;oBChKMH rrpan;IOBaB Ha.n; Jii6peTo orrepH KOMII03MTopa ,lleHMca CiqMHChKOro ~PoKcoJiaHa~, B faJIMqMHi, HaBiTh .n;oBipHB HaM rrapTii MOJIO.n;Mx: MeHi - BaTa)KKa, IBaHy - €BHyxa. CaMoro KporrMBHMUhKoro .s:r 6aqMB )KifBMM JIMme Ha cn;eHi, B O.n;eci,

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28

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150

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29


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1949 poKy,

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30


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Ili,o6 YKpai:Ha rrHmaJiacH CBOIM rrepmoBit~;KpHBaqeM? TaKara HiKOJIH IIJ;e 6yTH qoMych He MorJio. EIOcTaMH M. KporrHBHHIJ;hKOra Ta MOra TBOpaMH IIHmaiOTbCH qlfcJieHHi t~;iacrropH ITO 3aKOpt~;OHHIO. KaHatJ;a HaBiTh rrepet~; CBOIM rrapJiaMeHTOM BCTaHOBHJia rraM'HTHHK He HKOMYCh TaM CBOEMY repo10, a caMe Tapacy IlleBqeHKY Ha 3HaK IIOAHKH yKpai:HChKOMY Hapot~;oBi, HKHH 100 poKiB 6yt~;yBaB KaHatJ;y. YKpalHChKHH Hapot~; 6yt~;e IIHmaTHCH CBOlM reHiEM M.KporrHBHHIJ;hKHM, KOJIH Hami rrepeKJiaAYTh iiora 6ot~;aii Ha t~;eCHTOK

MOB CBiTy i IIpHBe3yTh HaM IIJ;OCb TaKe He3po3yMiJie, aJie

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y

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46


cBiTi BM3HaHO rrepeBopoT 1917 poKy y C.-IleTep6yp3i 5IK EE33AKOHH5I, HKe rrorJIYMMJIOCH cMepTeJibHO Ha;:J; Hapo,ZJ;oM, iCTOpi€10, p03BMTKOM cycrriJibCTBa O,ZJ;Hi€l IIIOCTOl 3eMHOl KyJii. AHTperrpM3a MapKa JlyKMqa KporrMBHM:QbKOro 6yJia CMOJIOCKHIIOM HEIIOKOPH: iMrrepaTopcTBy, BaJIYIBIIJ;MHi, yciif pa,li;HHIIJ;MHi, HKa He IIOCMiJia 3a;:J;YIIIMTM TeaTpaJibHY CIIpaBy Ha YKpai:Hi (To6To, crrpaBy rro,ZJ;BMry M.JI. KporrMBHM:QbKoro) i 3MyiiieHa 6yJia HaBiTb 3BipHqQI{) :QeH3ypOIO, a BCe :>K IIi,ZJ;TpMMyBaTM icHyBaHHH 6iJibrn Hi:>K 120 rrpo4>eciiiHMX TeaTpiB B YKpai:Hi. A,ZJ;:>Ke YKpai:Ha rrMrnaeTbCH CBOIM reHieM He ToMy, ru;o BiH HapO,Zl;MBCH B oe:>K6aii:paKaX, a TOMy, IIJ;O BiH (Hapo,ZJ;:>KeHMM aKTOpOM, pe:>KMCepOM, xy,ZJ;O:>KHMKOM, KOMII03MTOpOM, MaMCTpOM XY,ZJ;O:>KHbOfO CJIOBa, aHTperrpeHepOM i BM,ZJ;aTHMM IIe,ZJ;arOrOM COTeHb TaJiaHTiB c:u;eHM) HAPO,llHB HA YKPAIHI, ,ZJ;OJiaiOqM 3a6opoHM, IIPO<l>ECIMHE TEATPAJibHHE JIHUE,lliMCTBO TEATP!!! A BiJibHM IlleKcrrip 400 poKiB TOMY CTBOpMB :u;e :>K caMe y BeJIMKiii EpMTaHii, a <l>.BoJIKOB rroBTopMB ii:oro 280 poKiB TOMY B Pociii:cbKiii iMrrepiL .llYMa€Te, TaM He 6yJio rrepepB B icHyBaHHi TeaTpiB? He 6yJio BiifH, IIOTpHciHb. 0,ZJ;Haqe, TAM :u;e BM3Ha€TbCH 3a He3arrepeqHMM !l>aKT, a Ha YKpai:Hi HiHK He BM3Ha€TbCH. l.JoMY? Eo ,ZJ;exTo ii: cboro,ZJ;Hi BOMOBHMqo BBa:>Kae, ru;o YKpaiHM B3araJii He icHyBaJIO. B. IIIYPAIIOB: Y KMeBi 3a 5IpocJiaBa My,ZJ;poro 6yJio Maii::>Ke 250 :u;epKoB. EaraTorpaHHMM 6yJio MMCTe:QTBO, KYJibTypa, ocBiTa. Ilo3MTMBHY poJib Bi,ZJ;irpaBaJIO xpMCTMHHCTBO. KMiB 6yB ,ZJ;pyroro CTOJIM:QeiO €BpOIIM! I. KA3HA,llifi: ,lloqKM 5IpocJiaBa My,ZJ;poro, HK Bi,ZJ;oMo KO:>KHOMY IIIKOJIHpeBi, 6yJIM ,ZJ;py:>KMHaMM KopoJiiB <l>paH:u;ii:, Yropru;MHM, HopBerii. l.JMMaJIO BOJIO,ZJ;apiB CBiTy MpiHJIM IIO,Zl;py:>KMTMCH 3 BeJIMKMM KMeBoM. I HK6M He TaTapcbKa HaBaJia, To Pycb-YKpai:Ha 6yJia 6 rreprno10 no :U:MBiJii3a:u;ii cBiry. A TaK 6yJia KMiBCbKa Pycb ,ZJ;:>KepeJio MocKoBil i Pocii, a Y Kpai:Ha TO He3aKOHHO Hapo,ZJ;:>KeHa

47


.n;oqKa Pyci. qHi KHH3i KHIBChKi? qHM KHiB - ~MaTh ropo.n;oB pyccKHX~? MaTH e, a .n;oqKa - He3aKOHHOHapo.n;:>KeHa. EaTbKO, M.JI. KpmmBHH:QhKHM, e, a :Horo .n;iTH, oeyKH i rrpaBHYKH- 6aii:cTpiOKH- He3aKOHHOBH3HaHi .n;iTH- TeaTpH. XTo :u;e YTBep.n;:>KyBaB 73 pOKH? 5IK CTBep,li;HJia TeaTp03HaBe:Qb i3 MocKBH HiHa BeJiexoBa Ha CTopiHKax ra3eTH ~CoBeTCKaH KYJihzypa~ .n;ech y 80-x poKax XX cTopiqqH B cTaTTi ~KaK YHHqTQ:>KaJIH pe:>KHCcepoB~: ~5! :QHTHpyiO BaM TaMHOe IIocTaHOBJieHHe IloJIHT6IOpo UK KIT CC o6 HCKopeHeHHH pe:>KHCCepOB, KaKHe CBOHMH CIIeKTaKJIHMH IIO,ll;phlBaiOT ,li;OBepHe K rrapTHH H ee H,ll;eOJIOrHH~... ITO IIpHqHHe BJia,ll;eHHH HMH ~330IIOBCKOrO H3biKa~.

To6To BoJio.n;iHHH aBTopHTeToM B Macax 6e3 cJiiB i 3aKJIHKiBO,li;HHMH rri.n;TeKCTaMH, Mi3aHC:QeHaMH i HaTHKaMH. tforo aBTOp M. CycJIOB. OpraHi3a:u;iH He B M. KipoBorpa.n;i, HK o6JiacHoMy :u;eHTpi, TeaTpaJibHoro KOJieKTHBy, a B M. OJieKcaH.n;pii e JIHme cpaKTOM CBaBiJIJIH Ha,ll; TeaTpOM KOpHcpeiB. MoBJIHB, HiHKHX KopHcpeiB He 6yJio. € 3BHqaMHHM My3.n;paMTeaTp. A ocKiJihKH rrpHxoBaTH cpaKT 100-piqqH Bi.n; .n;HH Hapo.n;:>KeHHH reHiH HiHK He B,ll;aBaJIOCH (rrepe.n; .n;iacrrop010), TO B 1940 po:u;i rrpHCBOIJIH TeaTpOBi MOra iM'H. IlHTaHHH TaKara IIJiaHY B YKpaiHi He pa3 rropymyBaB JIHme BeJIHKHM pecpopMaTop yKpaiHChKOro TeaTpy Jlecb Kyp6ac, 3a I:QO i 6yB cTpiJIHHHM ~rrpH rrorrhlTKe K 6ercTBY~ Ha CoJIOBKax. f.BOJIOBHK Ta M.,lloHe:Qb IIpOCTO MQBqKH po6HJIH CBOIO KpOIIHBHHqaHCbKY crrpaBy. 5I He IIOCTaBHB :>KO,li;HOI aHTHpa.n;HHChKoi BHCTaBH. A 3a ~Tapaca EyJih6y~ B M. ,l{HirrporreTpOBCbKY 6yB HaBiTh y.n;oCTO€HHM BHCOKOro rroqecHoro 3BaHHH. O.n;HaK, 3.n;iii:cHHBmH Brrepme B YKpaiHi ~3aMyJieHi .n;:>KepeJia~, ~MapHHY~ Ta ~Ilepe.n; BOJieiO~ M. KporrHBHH:QbKoro, MeRe KiJibKa pa3iB 6yJIO 3BiJibHeHO 3 TeaTpy Ha OCHOBi ~IIHCeM Tpy.n;KoJIJieKTHBa~, a 3 1993 TPH poKH He rrpa:u;IOBaB y3araJii, ~3 48


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49


u;eH3ypH. ABTop rr'€cH MpiHB rroKaaaTH JIIO,n;cTBy Kpacy rrpHpo,n;H, MOBH, IIiCeHb, o6pH,n;iB, fOCTHHHOCTi, MHpOJII06CTBa Ta qapiBHOi BpO,li;H yKpaiHCbKHX JIIO,ZJ;eM. 5I pa30M 3i CIJ;eHorpa!l>OM, XOpeorpa!l>oM i aKTOpaMH HaMaraBCH BipHOIIi,n;,n;aHO BHKOHaTH IJ;IO MpiiO. ABTOp rrpopoqe IIOCTepir Hapo,n; YKpaiHH. ~,l{OKH COHIJ;e ru;acTH, ocBiqeHOCTi, 3BHTHrH 3iii,n;e Ha,n; YKpai:HOIO, Poca, Pocb, Pycb oqi BHicTb~. I cboro,n;eHHH rroKa3y€ u;e. MHHYJIO 120 poKiB, B iMrrepii 3MiHHJIOCb TPH BJia,n;H, a Y KpaiHa ( He3aJie:>KHa) 3HOBY 3araHH€TbCH ,li;O iMrrepCbKOl rraCTKH. 0TaKHM rrpopOKOM 6yB i € Ha Cboro,n;Hi M.JI. KporrHBHHIJ;bKHM.

A BH rro,n;HBiTbCH JIHIIIe Ha ou;eii rrepeJiiK ,n;oKyMeHTiB, HKi 6yJIH CIIpHMOBaHi Ha 3HHIIJ;eHHH yKpalHCbKOl MOBH TO,ZJ;i 35-TH MiJibMOHHoro HaceJieHHH YKpaiHH. A MOBY Tpe6a 6yJio Bi,n;CTOIOBaTH, pHTyBaTH, 6eperTH ,li;JIH HaCTJIIHHX IIOKOJiiHb.l u;e po6HB KporrHBHHIJ;bKHM cu;eHiqHHMH 3aco6aMH, 6yKBaJibHO rrpo,n;HpaiOqHCb Kpi3b IJ;eH3ypHi poraTKH i 6e3,ZJ;YIIIHi HeTpi ypH,li;OBHX 3a6opoH. (Ilo,n;a€MO MOBOIO OpHriHaJIY) 1690 r. - Co6op rrpaBocJiaBHoii u;epKBH ocy,n;HJI ~KieBcKie HOBbiH KHHrH~ II.MorHJihl, C.IloJiou;Koro, K CTaBpoBeu;Koro, J1.faJIHTOBCKOro, JI.EapaHOBHqa, A.Pa,n;HBHJIOBCKOro H ,n;p., HaJIO:>KHJI Ha HHX IIpOKJIHTHe H aHa!l>eMy. 1720 r. - YKaa IleTpa I o 3arrpeTe rreqaTaTb B MaJiopoccHH JII06bie KHHrH, KpOMe u;epKOBHbiX. 1753 r. - YKaa o 3arrpeTe rrperro,n;aBaHHH Ha yKpaHHCKOM H3b1Ke B KHeBo- MorHJIHHCKoii aKa,n;eMHH. 1769 r. - 3arrpeT PyccKoii rrpaBOCJiaBHOM u;epKBH Ha rreqaTaHHe H HCIIOJib30BaHHe yKpaHHCKOrO ~EyKBapH~. 1784 r. - KHeBCKHM MHTporroJIHT C.MHcJiaBCKHM rrpHKaaaJI, JIHIIIb 6bi BO BCeX u;epKBaX ,ll;bHKH H CBHIIJ;eHHHKH qHTaJIH MOJIHTBbl H rrpaBHJIH cJiy:>K6y Eo:>KbiO ~roJiocoM cBoiicTBeHHhlM poccHiicKoMy HapeqHIO~. To :>Ke 6biJIO 3aBe,n;eHo H B IIIKOJiax YKpaHHhl.

50


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1881

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1884

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1892

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1903

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1914

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1938

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1958

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B

51


pe3y~hTaTe qepe3 HeCKO~bKO ~eT BO BCe ropo~ax 6o~hlliHHCTBO IllKO~ cT~o

pyccKHMH (npH Xpym;eBe). 1972 r. - JI. Epe)I(HeB. dbaH ceKpeTHhlM~. B YKpaHHe o6 aToM n~aHe 3H~H TO~hKO 3 qe~oBeKa. CyTh - yHHqTO)I(HTh yKpaHHCKYIO H 6e~opyccKyiO pe% ~0 2017 ro~a K 100-~eTHIO 0Kni6pbcKoii peBO~IOIIHM. BBe~H pyccKHM He TO~hKO B BhlCillHX H cpe~HHX yqe6HhiX 3aBe~eHHHX, HO H B IllKO~ax, ~eTCKHX C~ax H HC~HX.

1978 r.- IIocTaHOB~eHHe UK KIICC H CoBeTa MHHHCTpOB CCCP ~o MeponpHHTHHX no ~~hHeiillleMy ycoBepllleHCTBOBaHHIO H3yqeHHH H npeno~aBaHHH pyccKOro H3biKa B COI03HbiX pecny6~HKaX~. 1983 r. - IlOCTaHOB~eHHe ~Q ~OnO~HHTe~hHbiX Mepax no y~yqllleHHIO H3yqeHHH pyccKOro H3biKa B o6m;eo6pa30BaTe~bHbiX IllKO~ax H ~pyrHX yqe6HbiX 3aBe~eHHHX COI03HbiX pecny6~HK~. 3 MHHY~Ol HalliOl iCTOpii Bi~OMO npo BHCTJn CT~iHa Ha XVI 3'i:3~i BKII(6) 1930 poKy: ~Tpe6a ~aTH HalliOH~hHHM KY~hTYPaM po3BHHYTHCH i p03ropHyTHCH, BHHBHBillH Bci cBoi noTeHIIii, m;o6 CTBOpHTH YMOBH ~~H 3~HTTH IX B O~HJ cni~hHY KY~brypy, 3 O~Hi€10 cni~hHOIO MOBOIO~. Bi~qyBa€Te: ~Bcix B O~HY MOBy!~. I npo11ec nilliOB. Uboro )I( poKy ~iKBi~oBaHo iHCTHTJT yKpaiHChKoi HayKoBoi MOBH ii: KOMicii 3 BH~aHHH yKpaiHChKHX c~oBHHKiB. 1934 p - KaMnaHiH npoTH ~IllKi~HHKiB Ha MOBHOMY cppOHTi~ - 6opoTb6a 3 HalliOH~i30M y HayKOBiM i TeXHiqHiM yKpaiHChKiii TepMiHo~orii. IlpHnHHeHHH BH~aHHH c~oBHHKiB, HHID;eHHH iceyiOqHX Ta nepepo6Ka yKpaiHCbKOro npaBOnHcy ni~ pociMCbKHM. 1965 piK - roHiHHH Ha npalliBHHKiB MHCTeiiTBa, apelliTH noeTiB. IBaH )l3106a HanHcaB BH~aTHY npa1110 dHTepHaQiOH~i3M qH pycHcpiKaQiH?~, ID;O p03KpHB~a 3arap6HHI1hKY iMnepCbKY cyTHiCTh pociMCbKOI no~iTHKH CTOCOBHO YKpaiHH. KHH)I(Ka aKTHBHO po3noBciO~)I(YB~acH y caMBH~aBi i 6y~a npHqHHOIO TpHB~Hx nepec~i~yBaHb aBTopa. BoHa nOTparrH~a 3a Kop~oH. BHiilli~a ~pyKoM 1968 p. y BH~aBHMIITBi ~CyqacHicTh~ (HbiO- tiopK MIOHxeH), a TaKO)I( 6y~a 52


rrepeKJia,n;eHa i

Bll)J;aHa aHrJiiHChKOIO (JIOH,li;OH,

1968, 1970),

iTaJIHIChKOIO (PHM,1971), poCHIChKOIO (AMCTep,n;aM, 1973), Kl:ITaHCbKOIO (IleKiH, 1972), !l>paHIJ;Y3hKOIO (IlapmK, 1972, 1980). Ilpo IIJ;O u;e roBopHTh? A rrpo Te, IIJ;O IJ;H rrpau;H CTaJia rocTpoiO i cyqaCHOIO Bi.n;IIOBi.ll;.li;IO Ha IIOJiiTI:I'IHi apemTI:I, rrpoBe,n;eHi B YKpaiHi KOMyHicTH'IHOIO BJia,ZJ;OIO cepe.n; MOJio,n;i, HKa rrpoTeczyBaJia IIpOTI:I IIOCI:IJieHHH pycn!l>iKaTOpCbKOl IIOJiiTI:IKI:I. B'IeHHii 3 Bl:ICOKI:IM iMeHeM Bi.n;BepTo roBopHB rrpo !l>aJihilll:IBI:IH xapaKTep 3Bl:IHyBa'!eHb B ~aHTI:Ipa,li;HHCbKOCTi» H ~HaiJ;iOHaJii3Mi», TO,ll;i HK, Ha iforo .li;YMKY, BCH Bl:IHa 3aapemTOBaHI:IX IIOJIHraJia B TOMy, IIJ;O BOHI:I o6CTOIOBaJII:I KOHCTHTyiJ;iHHi IIpaBa Hapo.n;y. Ha BeJIHKOMY ,n;)l(epeJihHOMY i yKpai:HChKOro

CTaTI:ICTI:I'IHOMY MaTepiaJii lBaH )l3I06a IIOKa3YBaB Kpl:I'IYIIJ;Y HeBi.li;IIOBi,n;HiCTb Mi)l( o<Piu;iHHI:IMI:I ,li;OrMaMI:I MapKCI:I3MyJieHiHi3My, y BipHOCTi HKHM rrpncHraJia KIIPC, Ta 11 crrpaB)I(HhOIO rroJiiTHKOIO. ABTop 3aKJIHKaB .n;o ,n;eMoKpaTH'IHI:IX crroco6iB o6roBopeHHH i p03B'H3aHHH HaiJ;iOHaJihHI:IX rrpo6JieM. To.n;i )1(, HK BaM Bi,n;oMo, BH,n;aTHoro Kpae3HaBIJ;H Hamoro KpaiO, TaJiaHOBHToro III:IChMeHHHKa, B'IeHoro MHKOJIY CMoJieH'IyKa 3a Te, IIJ;O rrpo'IHTaB 11;10 po60Ty lBaHa ,ll3I06H, 6yJio Bl:IKJIIO'IeHO 3 rrapTil Ta 3BiJihHeHO 3 iHCTI:ITYTY. B. IIIYPAIIOB: To.n;i He o,n;HH MnKoJia Ky3hMOBH'I rrOTparrHB rri.n; Toii ~Bnxop» po3rrpaB 3 rrpau;iBHI:IKaMI:I Ml:ICTeiJ;TBa. MoJio,n;oro pe)l(ncepa KiHocTy,n;il iMeHi ,lloB)I(eHKa BacnJIH lJIJIHmeHKa 3a Te, IIJ;O 3HHB 3a cu;eHapieM JliHH KocTeHKO qy,n;oBHH rroeTH'IHI:IH !l>iJihM ~O.n;iceH .n;yxy» rrpo rroeTiB, HKi 3arHeyJIH y rreKJii ,llpyroi CBiTOBoi, Ha oqax y aBTopa ~rro6opHHKH cou;peaJii3MY» CIIaJII:IJII:I y 60'IIJ;i, IJ;l:IHi'IHO 3Hl:IIIJ;l:IJII:I 25 Tl:ICH'I MeTpiB KiHOIIJiiBKI:I rrpo rrpaB,n;y )l(l:ITTH i Bl:ICOKI:IH CB06o,n;OJII06l:IBI:IH ,n;yx rroeTiB. Pe)I(Hcep 3aJIHmHBCH Ha ,n;oBrnii rrepio.n; 6e3 po6oTH i 6e3 )l(l:ITJia. B )I(YPHaJii ~KiHo-TeaTp» MapTa )l3106a orry6JiiKyBaJia po3ceKpe'IeHi .n;oKyMeHTI:I rrpo CepriH Ilapa,n;)l(aHoBa, HKI:IH TaKO)I( rrpaiJ;IOBaB Ha CTy,n;ii: )lOB)I(eHKa. 3a Hl:IM CJii,n;KyBaJII:I i KO)I(HOro pa3y ,n;oHOCI:IJII:I y UK KIIY Bee, .n;e, KOJIH, IIJ;O Ka3aB. Y 3araJihHO-

53


MY Bi,n;.n;iJii UK KIT YKpaiHH .n;oKJMeHT .n;aToBaHo

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I. KA3HA).Uti: A Ha.JJ;CeKpeTmrH: Ha.Kaa HKBC Ta HKO CPCP Bi.ZI: 22 qepBHH 1944 poKy ~o JIHKBH,ZJ;aru:ur ca6oTIDKa Ha @ YKpaHHe ... ~, HKnif rrepe,ZJ;6aqaB ,ZJ;erropTyBaTH ycix yKpainu;iB OT,ZJ;aJieHHhle KpaH Cm03a CCP~. tioro 3MicT Brrepme 6yJio

orry6JiiKoBaHo B ~JliTepaTypHiii YKpaiHi~ 27 JIIOToro 1992 poKy. IlpaB,ZJ;Y KaaaB Ham BH,ZJ;aTHHH aeMJIHK BoJIO,ZJ;HMHp BHHHnqeHKo: ~IcTopiiO YKpaiHH He MO:>KHa qnTaTH 6ea 6poMy~. ApceH IlaJiaMap y cBoill: KHH3i ~ TpeTH pyiHa~ HaroJiomye: ~CTaJiiH rro6y,ZJ;yBaB y KpaiHi He COQiaJii3M. Ha O,ZJ;HiH illOCTiH 3eMHOl KyJii BiH 3aJIHillHB y CIIa.JJ;OK Hama.JJ;KaM cepe,ZI;HbOBiqHoro TOTaJiiTapHoro MOHCTpa, cTpyKTypnaoBaHoro aa rrpHHQHIIOM 6aH,ZJ;H. Ta CIIiJibHOTa IDK HiHK He IIO,ZJ;iJIHJiaCH Ha Tpa.JJ;HQiHHi KJiaCH - po6iTHHKiB, CeJIHH i KYQOro rrpomapey iHTeJiireHQii, HK Tpy6HJIH Ha QiJIHH CBiT KOMyHicTHqHi rrporraraH,ZJ;HCTChKi IIpOCTHTYTKH. KJiaCH 6yJIH 30BciM iHmi. KJiac eJiiTH (rrapTiHHa HOMeHKJiaTypa), KJiac cTopo:>Ki (cTpaxiTJIHBi KapHi opraHH) i KJiac pa6iB (pemTa HaCeJieHHH). BHCHOBOK: CaMe TaKHH IIO,ZJ;iJI Ha KJiaCH, 3a KBaJiicpiKaQi€10 aHTJiqHoro cpiJiococpa IlJiaTOHa, i xapaKTepHHH ,ZI;JIH i,ZJ;eaJihHoro pa6oBJiaCHHQhKOro cycrriJihCTBa. TiJihKH B ,ZJ;aHOMY BHIIMKY BiH IIOMHO:>KeHHH Ha cepe,ZI;HbOBiqHy :>KOpCTOKiCTb BJia.JJ;HHX cTpyKzyp. A BH KIDKeTe - co:u;iaJii3M ... Ha 1 ciqHH 1953 poKy pe:>KHM Ha6yB IIOBHOro p03KBiTy:

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55


rripaTChKMH ,n;ep:>KaBHMH KOpa6eJih, Ha KaiiiTaHChKOMY MOCTMKY HKoro CTOHB CTaJiiH, Mir pyxaTMCh arrepe.n; JIMme aa yMoBM, KOJIM B :H:oro TOrrKax aropHB JIIO,li;ChKMH MaTepiaJI. CaMa eKOHOMiKa ~COIJ;iaJii3MY~ 3MymyBaJia BO:>K,ll;iB Hapo,n;y IIOCTiHHO, MeTO,ll;lfqHo, 6e3 6y,n;h-HKOI IIpOBMHM (i BOHM u;e ,n;o6pe poayMiJIH) apemTOByBaTM MiJihHOHM 3,li;OpOBMX, rrpau;ea,n;aTHMX ~BOporiB Hapo,n;y~, :m;o6 3aiiOBHIOBaTM HMMM maxTHi BM6oi, 3aBO,li;ChKi IJ;eXM ryJiariB ,n;JIH ix HopMaJibHoi po6oTM. IHaKme Ta eKoHoMiKa a6aHKpyzyaaJia 6 He B 1991 pou;i, a :m;e B cepe,n;MHi 30-x poKiB. Ui BMCHOBKM H a,n;pecyiO TMM CTapHM 6oa,n;ypaM i IX MaJIQqlfceJihHMM MOJIO,li;MM TeJieiiHHM, KOTpi :m;e :H: HMHi 6oaKaiOTh: ~3a CTaJiiHa 6yJio :>KMTTH!~ PoayMHimMM ai.n; TMX 6oa.n;ypia rrporroHyiO KOHKpeTHime 3aMMCJIMTMCb Ha,ll; ~IIpHHa,ll;aMM~ TOfO :>KMTTH: BM XOTiJIM 6, a6M Bamoro 6aTbKa 3'IJIM 6iJii Be,n;Me,n;i, MaTH HK ~:>KBOHa~ ( :>KiHKa BOpora Hapo,n;y) 60HJiaCH BMHTM 3a rropir BJiaCHOl XaTM, 6paTM rri.n; KOHBO€M .n;o6yBaJIM BOPKYTMHChKe qlf KaparaH,n;MHChKe ByriJIJIH, cecTpH rri,n; KOHBO€M illMJIM ,li;JIH 3eKiB ~po6M~ a6o 6e3 rrpaaa BMia,n;y 3a Me:>Ki paHOHY IIOJIOJIM KOJifOCIIHi 6ypHKM? I BCe u;e 3a mMaTOK ,n;emeBOl KOB6acM, 3a CMTIJ;eBy COpoqKy Ta KHp30Bi qo6oTM. BaM 6M coaicTb .n;oaaoJIHJia icTM zy Koa6acy?~. TaK :m;o BMHHJfqeHKO 6ya rrpaBHH. TaKy icmpiro He MO:>KHa qlfTaTM 6ea 3aCIIOKiHJIMBOro ... 6poMy. B. IIIYPAIIOB: laaHe BacMJihOBMqy, H 6 xoTiB rroqyTM ai.n; aac, :m;o caMe crroHyKaJIO i Koro, :m;o6 OTYT, y ,n;aJieKoMy IIpOBiHIJ;iHHOMy, BiHChKOBOMY MiCTeqKy, HapO,li;MJIOCH OTe qy,n;o, IIJ;O aaeTbCH TeaTpoM? I. KA3HA,ZU:ti: 5I :H: caM iHKOJIM He paa rrpoKpyqyiO u;ro icTopiro y ce6e B roJioBi. A qoMy caMe Ha ou;i:H: ropi-Micu;MHi Ha,n; IHryJioM a6y.n;oaaHo ~<I>opTeu;ro CBHToi €JIMcaBeTM~? A.n;:>~<e TaapiH - u;e CTerroaa JIMCMHa YKpaiHM. CrroKOHBiKy, ai.n; Taapia, capMaTiB, CKi<f>iB - BOHa 3BaJiaCH ~,llMKMM IIOJieM~, aHiHKOl .n;epeBMHHOCTi. I HaBiTh CMBeaHoi .n;aBHMHM ~ qopHHH Jiic~ (3HaM'HHKa),

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56


cBi,n;qMTbCH, :rn;o Tapac EyJih6a 3 CMHaMM OcTarroM Ta AH,n;pieM, rapiUOIOqM BepXM Ha CBOlX pHCaKax: ~l.JopTOBi», i HOro IIOCJii,ll;OBHMKax,- ,n;o 3arropi3hKOi Ciqi ( ocTpoBa XopTM:Qi) 3 IloJITaBM ixaJIM ~,llMKMM rroJieM» i xoBaJIMCH Bi,n; zypKiB-6ycypMaHiB y TpaBi, IIJ;O 3BaJIM ii OTaBOIO, BOHa 6yJia BMIIJ;a ,ll;BOX MeTpiB (KIDKYTb, BOHa pocTe B AcKaHii HoBiii:). 36y,n;yBaBIIIM <l>opTe:QIO, p03KBapTHpOBYBaJIM BeCb rapHi30H B ,ll;OMiBKaX TMX, XTO 6y,n;yBaB <l>opTe:QIO. Ha EMKOBiH Ta IlepMCbKiH BYJIM:Qi KBapTMPYBaB IIepMCbKMH IIOJIK. IMrrepaTpM:u;H €JIM3aBeTa IleTpiBHa crre:u;iaJihHMM yKaaoM 3aceJIMJia ~,llMKe rroJie» cep6aMM, iMeeyiOqM Bi,n;TO,n;i :u;10 3eMJIIO HoBa Cep6iH. 3'ixaJIMCH He coTHi, TMCHqi ciMeH, BOHKiB. 36y,n;yBaJIM KaBaJiepiii:CbKi Ka3apMM, Te)l( Ha TMcHqy BOHKiB. 3aceyBaJIM ~)I(MTHiii: 6aaap». A qoMy? Eo KOHeii: Biii:cbKOBMX Tpe6a qMMOCb ro,n;yBaTM. I oTaK, Hecrro,n;iBaHo, JIIO,n;y 3'lXaJIOCH TaK 6araTO, a ,ll;OBfMMM 3MMOBMMM BeqopaMM 6yJIO TaK CYMHO, IIJ;O )l(iHKM o<l>i:u;epCTBa, qMHOBHM:QTBa 36YHTYBaJIMCH: ~5IK:rn;o xoqeTe, BOJiieTe 3 HaMM crraTM, - 6y,n;yii:Te TeaTp. MM rrpMiXaJIM i3 CTOJIM:Qi, 3 Cep6ii, 3 C11:6ipy (HK IlyraqoB), 6aqMJIM TaM

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72


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C""'eua 3 eucmaeu «Cepeuaaa Koxaul-tJl» ( «Ilepea eoJtero») AI. Kponueuu""'bKozo. IIiazauuuu B. Alupouoeutt, 1996 p.

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