The united states' corporatocracy and its imperialist agenda to achieve full spectrum dominance

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The United States’ Corporatocracy and its Imperialist Agenda to Achieve Full Spectrum Dominance in Violation of International Laws: A Radical Interdisciplinary Indictment Phil Doan Interdisciplinary Studies 4391, Section 002 Dr. Cindy Atha-Weldon The University of Texas at Arlington Fall 2012

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The U.S. Corporatocracy and its Imperialist Agenda to Achieve Full Spectrum Dominance in Violation of International Laws: A Radical Interdisciplinary Indictment Introduction The current challenging state of the American democratic 1 project is no longer a sustainable socio-political system. Democratic truisms such as majority rule (minus its tyranny), under the condition that minority rights are protected based on equality. Political authority is legitimized through a popular mandate including free elections as stipulated in the U.S. Constitution. In fact, since the Supreme Court’s 5 to 4 decision in Citizens United vs. Federal Elections Commission (130 US 876) in 2010, legalizing unlimited corporate election campaign funding from their treasuries (Wiist, 2011), the democratic project in the U.S. is nothing more than a democratic façade. If American democracy still exists, at best it is a dysfunctional one.

American liberal-democratic ideals are corroding. Enlightenment beliefs including “government of the people, for the people, and by the people” (in which the inalienable rights to) “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness/private property” are no longer feasible in this democratic project.

What has culminated in the domestic arena of American democracy has devolved into an American corporatocracy. Under this corporatocracy, American-controlled transnational corporations, global international financial institutions, federal/state bureaucracies, corporate political action committees, corporate lobbies, corporate lawyers and pro-corporate judges, including the armed forces--all are hegemonic mechanisms furthering American corporatocratic political-economic-social interests. Its non-Orwellian mantra should be “government of the corporations, for the corporations, and by the corporations” (in which the rights to) “life, liberty, and the pursuit of profits” serve as fundamentals. The globalized free market is the current 1

As a matter of differentiation, lowercased “d” refers to the masses (i.e. demos, democratic, democracy, and democratization). While uppercased “D” (i.e. Democratic) refers to the Democratic Party and its doctrine.

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universal creed. Corporatists represent the new priesthood serving their God of private capital (Grupp, 2010; Kelly, 2001).

John Perkins (2004), the author of Confessions of an Economic Hit Man, himself a former agent of this American corporatocracy, ascertained the following description of what it actually consists of. According to him, this corporatocracy entails of an alliance of government, multinational corporations, and international financial institutions, advancing U.S. geopolitical (imperialist) interests by using the U.S. military as a last resort when all other means fail. Some of these means were/are direct/indirect violation of international laws.

In geopolitics, the current international arena is unipolar. At least during the Cold War there was a (somewhat) balance of power via a bipolar world. The U.S. corporatocracy struggled for dominance against the Communist-bloc and vice versa. The latter was mostly controlled by the Soviet Union. Since the latter’s implosion at the end of 1991, the former’s uncontested hegemony further evolved with its ultimate geopolitical (imperialist) objective to achieve Full Spectrum Dominance through a unilateralist ideology propagated by the George W. Bush (neoconservative) regime. This Full Spectrum Dominance doctrine stipulates unilateralist confrontations to achieve U.S. geopolitical objectives by “defeating any adversary and control any situation across the full range of military operations” (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2000, p. 57). Regardless of what international laws permit, U.S. Full Spectrum Dominance objectives will continue unhindered.

Even under the Barack Obama administration, domestic successful/failed initiatives are creating political, economic, and social rifts. With foreign policy matters, however, the U.S. maintains a unilateralist-hegemonic continuity more in deeds than words (Bacevich, 2010). So far, the (successful) invasions and (unsuccessful) occupations of Afghanistan and Iraq are just

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the beginning efforts to achieve this Full Spectrum Dominance to further American corporatocratic ambitions. The period being covered in this paper begins with the Cold War and ends with the current phase of U.S. objectives to achieve this Full Spectrum Dominance under the Obama administration.

The social sciences are about social institutions and interactions. An interdisciplinary method utilizing disciplinary insights from political science, economics, and sociology (with an emphasis on U.S. violation of international laws) will be analyzed. In this order, an integration of these disciplinary insights will suffice a more holistic tactic to this interdisciplinary indictment against this U.S. corporatocracy and its violation of international laws. The body of this paper begins with the internal political institutions and mechanisms exploited by the U.S. corporatocracy to further its geopolitical hegemony. An educated critic should know that economics could not be separated from politics and vice versa. The political economy of corporate capitalist globalization will be dissected via a Marxist (i.e. dialectical materialism) framework. Sociological insights of the American corporate capitalist class (i.e. the corporate bourgeoisie) will also reveal its politics, with the objective of maintaining its class interests.

Political Science Politics is about power struggle. Political science deals with governing institutions in which political authority is legitimated and political power is distributed. Politics boil down to (who) gets what, where, when, and how (?). In order to comprehend the foreign policy of any state, an investigation of its domestic power structures is a good point of reference. Simple questions such as--WHO are these people? WHAT are their (in this case--political, economic, and social) interests? WHERE do their power bases reside? WHEN do they formulate their policies? HOW do they implement these policies? Logically, whatever courses of actions follow,

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will represent their political, economic, and social interests (Chomsky, 2003). The definitive U.S.objective to fulfill its Full Spectrum Dominance is to exert dominance politically, economically, and militarily on a global scale (Atwood, 2003).

Economics Economics deal with various modes-of-production. Since the Cold War ended, global corporate capitalism has been the dominant economic mode. The globalized free market dictates the rules of supply and demand. A globalized capitalist economy, especially since the 1970s under the aegis of neo-liberalism, enriched the corporate priesthood while impoverishing the global majority. The Washington Consensus (i.e. what is good for the Global North is also good for the Global South) is the fundamental dogma of this corporate priesthood and its true believers. Stiglitz (2002) opined that their free market fundamentalisms (i.e. detaxation, deregulation, and privatization) promulgated by corporate ideologues at the international financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), brought more harms than benefits to the global majority. Chesnais (2007) asserted that the current stage of U.S. imperialism strongly correlates to the economic interests of these IFIs and TNCs in their pursuit, accumulation, and concentration of private capital, including their domination of the free market.

Sociology Sociology is the study of socially constructed institutions. Six social institutions serve as dominant factors prevalent in advanced industrialized nations among the First World. Acting as agents-of-influence in the socialization process among the citizenry, these social institutions include the (1) family, (2) state, (3) religion, (4) academia, (5) media, and (6) peer. Furthermore, sociology includes the study of social demographics such as race, gender, religious affiliations, age, class stratification, etc. In a class-based corporate capitalist society such as the U.S., a

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person’s socio-economic status (SES) culminates in her upward/downward mobility via the social ladder. The majority of Americans, however, experienced downward mobility in which the middle class has been shrinking. For example, under the aegis of Reaganomics at the height of the Cold War, there were massive increases in military expenditures, detaxation for the corporate rich, and the under-regulation, deregulation, and federal bailouts of financial markets (Nader, 1999).At least by end of the Clinton regime the federal budget had a surplus, until the arrival of the neoconservatives and their successful installation of George W. Bush. This paper’s author contends that the neoconservative regime of GeorgeW.Bush continued where the Reaganites left off. All these politico-economic factors benefitted corporatocratic elites at the expense of the majority of Americans.

Among American corporatocratic elites are members of the transnational corporations (TNCs), international financial institutions (IFIs), and high-ranking military officials, all three branches of the federal government, the intelligentsia, and other elite circles. Corporate authority comes from interlocking directorates. For example, Kerbo (2006) wrote that corporate power does not necessitate the definitive ownership of the means-of-production. In fact, real corporate power resides in the collective control of corporate capital. The American corporate class is a part of what Sklair (2002) termed as the transnational capitalist class (TCC). Since the precipitation of the neo-liberal blitzkrieg beginning in the mid-1970s, class inequality increased in America affecting all aspects of downward social mobility. These inequalities include access to education, healthcare, income, etc. (Yates, 2007).The real winners are American corporatocratic elites.

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This Paper’s Purpose is to Achieve Cognitive Advancement The purpose of this paper is very simple: to achieve cognitive advancement as proposed

by BoixMansilla (2005). For this paper, cognitive advancement can be achieved through an integration of insights from the disciplines of political science, economics, and sociology. This process of integration is a “vehicle” to achieve cognitive advancement. Single disciplinary insights are inadequate and too reductionist to achieve real solutions to something as complex as corporatocratic hegemony. Domestically, the current phase of de-democratization in the U.S. is negatively affecting the majority of the population. Internationally, while elites within the U.S. corporatocracy are advancing their political, economic, and sociological objectives to achieve their Full Spectrum Dominance, the global majority (including Americans) are suffering.

This author’s personal philosophy is this: For every human manufactured problem there are at least two solutions. One of these solutions is resistance-from-below. If humanity is to survive in a more peaceful and sustainable world (with respect to abiding by international rules of conduct), then continuous resistance-from-below is non-optional. It is imperative. Without a doubt, this paper will enlighten those who are still in the dark trapped in the Orwellian cave with their double-thinking and double-speaking induced by corporate-created realities. They are probably too busy with their patriotic consumption, entertainment, and atomization. They are encouraged to join the forces of resistance-from-below.

An Analogy of Political Gangsterism: The “Rule by Law” vs. the “Rule of Law” Doctrines Regardless of historical and current pretexts, the American imperial project has always been based on political gangsterism (Chomsky, What we say goes: Conversations on U.S. power in a changing world, 2007). The Cold War was a struggle for global hegemony between corporate capitalist gangsters (CCG) from the West and totalitarian Communist gangsters (TCG)

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from the East. Both hegemons were imperialist gangsters in a global war based on their ideological pretexts, propaganda, including state terrorism, and etc. By the end of this ideological war, the westside imperialist gangsters had won, or so they claimed. Gangsters always believe themselves to be above the law. They operate under the rule by law doctrine. They expect others to obey the laws as de facto that they themselves disobey. Obedience to legal codes is at best a convenience for these gangsters. If gangsters obey legal mandates as de jure, and operate their “business” as dictated by the rule of law doctrine, then they would not be gangsters.

Analogous to the Tony Montana character, as a Cuban Mafiosi portrayed by Al Pacino, in the motion picture Scarface Uncle Sam is an international imperialist gangster. Montana’s egocentric essence translates to “the world is yours, so take it.” Corporate capitalist gangsters are similar in their egocentric quintessence of “the world is ours, so we will take it.” The real difference is this: whereas Tony Montana was a fictional character, corporate capitalist gangsters are real and more deadly for they absolve themselves of their own criminality. Of course, real gangsters rarely admit to being gangsters. Four fundamental virtues common among the gangster ideologyare obedience, respect, honor, and loyalty. Across these virtues, is a code-of-silence.

The Italian Cosa Nostra, the Mexican Mafia (La Eme), the Japanese Yakuza, and the Chinese Triads are prime examples among organized criminal syndicates, whose members practice this code upon their initiation. Anyone who breaks this code (resulting in disobedience, disrespect, dishonor, and disloyalty) will be taken out by any means necessary. Two primary examples of former pro-U.S. dictators who committed the ultimate crime of disobedience, disrespect, dishonor, and disloyalty were Panama’s Manuel Noriega and Iraq’s Saddam Hussein.

Freedom-touting imperialists often proclaimed their mantra that “with freedom comes responsibility.” If this mantra is to be taken seriously, then certain American corporatocratic

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elites should be held accountable for their direct/indirect violations of international mandates relating to war crimes, environmental crimes, and other crimes against humanity. All these crimes amount to crimes-of-obedience ubiquitous throughout recorded human history. Those whose conducts are illegal (regardless of their intentions) are criminals, period. No one should be above the law, including international laws, not even elites of the American corporatocracy in their pursuit of profits.

Evidence from the Disciplinary Sources “Corporate globalization is enriching the few at the expense of the many, replacing democracy with rule by corporations and financial elites, destroying the real wealth of the planet and society to make money for the already wealthy, and eroding relationships of trust and caring that are the essential foundation of civilized society” (Korten, 2001, p. 5).

This paper is an interdisciplinary indictment against the American corporatocracy and its (imperialist) agenda to achieve Full Spectrum Dominance in violation of international laws. By incorporating insights from three social science disciplines (i.e. political science, economics, and sociology), a more holistic method is utilized with the objective of attaining cognitive advancement.

Although there are several existing models relevant to research among various academic disciplines, this paper will utilize the Comprehensive Perspectives Model (Repko, 2012). First, these disciplinary insights will be isolated by themselves to find evidence to substantiate this author’s assertions. Second, their commonalities will be integrated for the sake of consistency to strengthen this author’s argument. Finally, this project will attempt to (1) reach a particular audience whose interests extend their everyday patriotic consumption laden with corporatecreated delusions, complacency and apathy, and (2) to reach a paradigm shift, even if doing so

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instigates their own mental states of cognitive dissonance. Throughout this paper, insights from the aforementioned disciplines will be organized in this logical order (Atha-Weldon, October 18, 2012, personal communication). Insights from political science are prioritized to analyze the political institutions and mechanisms of American corporatocratic elites in the domestic arena.

Insights relevant to the political economy of corporate capitalist globalization will follow to investigate the economic institutions and mechanisms that American corporate elites privatize and exploit. They do this by dominating the domestic political arena to advance their corporate (class) interests. Furthermore, insights from sociology will analyze the sociological structures of the American corporate capitalist class. In this corporate-funded democracy (Burbach & Tarbell, 2004) corporate power plus political power equals corporate tyranny (Grupp, 2010).

Political Legitimacy in a Representative Democracy under the “Rule of Law” Doctrine Democracy is a political system in which legitimate governance and its institutions are derived from legal mandates and mechanisms from the electorate. These include free and fair elections occurring on a regular basis (Kaase, 2010). In the confines of a Jeffersonian representative democratic republic relegated by constitutional dictates, American politics boil down to power acquisition and distribution. In power politics, answers to questions of who(gets) what, when, where, and how (?) are to be found by analyzing the system’s functioning mechanisms at the national level (Potter, Goldblatt, Kiloh, & Lewis, 1997). Public opinion is a central tenet in a representative democracy (Aldrich, Gelpi, Feaver, Reifler & Sharp, 2006).This has to be included in the process of policy formation pertaining to domestic and foreign policies.

Governmental accountability and transparency are also important in a functional democracy (Smith & Tolbert, 2010) when bureaucratic operations are (supposedly) pursued under the rule of

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law doctrine. If governmental bureaucrats violate certain laws, then they need to be held accountable and likewise with corporate fat cats.

Political Legitimacy in an Oligarchic Corporatocracy under the “Rule by Law” Doctrine Under an oligarchic corporatocracy, political legitimacy is derived from those whose private capital equates to their private power. American corporatocratic elites operate through their self-regulated rule by law doctrine. Domestic political institutions, processes and mechanisms, including military power (Valladao, 2006) are internal means to achieve economic ends benefitting these corporatocratic elites. Hidden under the façade of “national interest” pursuits, lie imperial ambitions to maintain, strengthen, and solidify corporatocratic class interests in this geopolitical New World Order. Supposedly, elites and agents of this corporatocracy assert their allegiances to “democratize” the international arena with Americentric 2 liberal values of freedom, justice, human rights, private property, hyperconsumption, possessive individualism, etc. These democratic facades are (Orwellian) rhetorical devices reeking with corporate sound bites(Herman & Chomsky, 1988)including political hypocrisy(Chomsky, Contradictions in U.S. foreign policy, 2008), national mythology(Panitch & Henwood, 2011), Americentric chauvinism(Snow, 2007), and imperial arrogance (Burbach & Tarbell, 2004). Seeking to democratize the world through externally imposed regime changes being dictated by American imperialists (while their own democratic institutions are devolving); American corporatocratic elites are instigating domestic discontent and global instability. These latter forces of discontent and instability are questioning and resisting U.S.hegemony and its illegitimacy. This deficit of legitimacy (Cottrell, 2011) in international leadership requires a new

2

Americentrism is on par with Eurocentrism, both are manifestations of sociocentric (arrogant) belief systems.

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shift in U.S. foreign policy objectives. If real changes come from within, then by the same logic, regime changes begin at home. These are the real democratic challenges to corporate tyranny.

Domestic Political Institutions and Mechanisms Serving Corporate Interests Politics boil down to power acquisition and distribution. American politics are no different. The notion of politics being a process of movement and countermovement (in the Hegelian sense of the dialectics) to achieve political power is a fair assessment (Phillips, 1991).

In power politics, questions of (who) gets what, when, where, and how (?) are most evident in a systemic analysis of the functioning mechanisms of corporate elites. Under the aegis of the American corporatocracy, special interests usually translate to corporate interests. In the domestic political arena, these special interests include corporate-funded political action committees (PACs), lobbies, conservative think tanks, politicians, and even pro-corporate judges. 3 Corporate-funded PACs campaign on behalf of politicians whose corporate funding and media coverage are primary instruments to achieve their electoral victories. Corporate lobbyists are often former politicians and/or their former staff (Public Citizen, 2010). Corporate-funded conservative think tanks tout pro-corporate mantras of deregulation, detaxation, and/or privatization. These domestic politico-economic mechanisms serve to advance the corporate agenda at the public’s expense.

One major politico-economic mechanism is corporate welfare. One critic correctly labeled this as wealthfare being welfare for the wealthy (Zepezauer, 2004).This phenomenon is a combination of (1) the egregious abuse of political power, (2) the economic exploitation of the public interest, and (3) the ultimate declaration of corporate warfare against the American demos. The following articles’ summary offers a chilling insight into the functional mechanisms 3

Regarding the recent Supreme Court’s decision in Citizens United legalizing unlimited corporate electioneering, it is arguable that some members of the judiciary are serving corporate interests (Jost, 2012).

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serving private profits at the public’s expense via corporate welfare. There are several types of corporate welfare. Huff and Johnson (1993) categorized five types. These include (1) direct expenditures, (2) credit subsidies, (3) tax expenditures, (4) subsidized services, and (5) trade restrictions. These are vehicles to deliver public subsidies while redistributing wealth upward serving corporate elites. The authors argued further that these vehicles of phantom wealth during the Reagan years were partially responsible for the widening socioeconomic gap between the have(s) and the have-not(s). All of the above categories of corporate welfare amounted to roughly $181 billion (Huff & Johnson, 1993).

Among the champions of genuine (democratic) public interest advocacy is RalphNader.

Appearing before the Members of the House Budget Committee on June 30, 1999, Nader played consumers’ advocate testifying against welfare for the rich. He offered the following typologies that are more broad and inclusive comparable to Huff & Johnson’s aforementioned categories.

According to Nader (1999) these typologies include (1) government giveaways, (2) governmentfunded research & development (R&D), (3) bailouts, (4) corporate tax expenditures, (5) government-sponsored enterprises, (6) loans & loan guarantees, (7) state & local corporate welfare (8) export & overseas marketing assistance, (9) defense, transportation & other pork, and (10) grants & direct subsidies. Although the beginning of the neo-liberal blitzkrieg, in the mid1970s, set the stage for corporate capitalist globalization, it was, during the reign of the Reaganites and their trickle-down-economics that gave birth to the CorporateState of America.

Nader offered a few examples of corporate welfare. Under the first typology of government giveaways, relevant to the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) donated the digital television spectrum licenses to existing broadcasters worth US$70 billion on April 7, 1997. Under the fourth typology of corporate tax expenditures

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are special exclusions, exemptions, deductions, credits, deferrals, and various tax rates.

Conservative estimates by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), projected a total of more than US$76 billion in FY1999 alone. Under the last typology of corporate tax subsidies the federal government would have spent at least US$394 billion subsidizing the corporate rich from 2000-2004 under the neoconservative regime of GeorgeW.Bush (Office of Management and Budget, 1999, as cited in Nader, 1999).

Surprisingly among corporate welfare critics are libertarian capitalists at the CATO Institute, a conservative think tank. StephenSlivinskiwas its fiscal policy analyst. In his criticism of the (first) Bush tax cut proposal, Slivinski claimed the Bush administration’s (first) budget proposal recommended a US$12 billion cut in corporate welfare (Office of Management and Budget, 2001, cited in Slivinski, 2001). Among the top programs to be cut were (1) the Advanced Technology Program (ATP), (2) the Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im), (3) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), (4) the Maritime Administration’s guaranteed loan program, and (5) the Small Business Administration (SBA). At the same time, this same budget included increases in more federal subsidies of corporate-based research and development (R&D) programs belonging to the fossil fuel and aerospace industries. Increased subsidies were alsoproposed for the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), the Foreign Agriculture Service (FAS), and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Among the worst corporate welfare programs included the Advanced Technology Program (ATP), the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program, the Partnership for the Next Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), and the Export-Import Bank (Slivinski, 2001).

The pretentious ideological battles (on both isles of the legislative branch) over deficit

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reduction among the Republi-Crats 4 are rhetorical devices merely serving the American corporate bourgeoisie in the end. For example, the BarackObama administration’s budget proposal included a total of approximately US$98 billion in public spending to subsidize the corporate rich (Office of Management and Budget, 2012). Again, according to the CATO Institute’s policy analysis of this OMB-2012’s projection of roughly US$100 billion in corporate welfare, both (direct and indirect) forms of federal subsidies mostly benefited (1) small businesses, (2) multinational corporations (MNCs), and (3) industries. Among the governmental bureaucracies, the Departments (of) Agriculture, Commerce, Energy, and Housing and Urban Development were included. The corporate welfare checks would be disbursed through these various federal bureaucracies and their programs (De Haven, 2012). The recent federal bailouts of corporate financial institutions deemed as being “too big to fail” again proved the corrupt relationship among corporate politicians, corporate lobbyists, corporate trade associations, and pro-corporate governmental bureaucracies. All these factors advanced the corporate rich. In terms of (public) costs versus (private) benefits, consider the following quantitative assessments.

The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) used to bailout General Motors (GM) and Chrysler cost US$32 billion, a conservative estimate as projected by the CBO (Congressional Budget Office, March 2012, cited in De Haven, 2012). However, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)’s estimate amounted to US$68 billion at the American public’s expense. The federal conquest of mortgage lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac cost US$180 billion (De Haven, 2012).

The corporate rich still wants to get richer. The corporate libertarians (Korten, 2011) and

4

Republi-Crats are Republican and Democratic members of Congress serving corporate interests. Not surprisingly, Republicans are more pro-corporate than the Democrats.

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other free marketeers have been debating about the corporate tax rate and its reduction 5 for some time now. They are still unsatisfied with the two tax cuts the George W. Bush administration granted them. Under their mantra of detaxation for the corporate rich, corporate libertarian economists believe that the corporate tax rate still needs to go down without widening the tax base. According to the Congressional Research Services (CRS), the corporate tax is the third largest source of federal revenue. Gravelle and Hungerford cited an estimate from the Treasury Study purporting that approximately 61% of income from unincorporated businesses benefited taxpayers who belonged to the top income tax bracket (2011).The critics cited above are all in strong agreement against corporate welfare. From the left with Nader and Zepezauer while from the right with Slivinski and De Haven, they believe corporate welfare is wasteful, unfair to the majority of American taxpayers.

The aforementioned summary dealt with the domestic politico-economic institutions and mechanisms advancing corporate warfare. In particular, corporate welfare was chosen based on this author’s assumption that corporate-funded lobbyists, trade associations, politicians, procorporate judges, and corporate-PACs’ ultimate objectives include exploiting their political connections to maximize corporate power. By means of a cost-and-benefit analysis, through the exploitation of their political power in the domestic arena, these members of the American corporatocracy, despite their corporate sound bites, benefited the most at the public’s expense.

The following section deals with their political economy in this current phase of corporate warfare through an understanding of the Marxist framework of dialectic materialism (i.e. the class struggles).

Political Economy of Corporate Capitalist Globalization The very first line written in the Communist Manifesto under section 1, differentiating 5

This phenomenon is what this paper’s author coined “detaxation.”

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between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, ascertained that human history boils down to a history of class struggles between the have(s) versus the have-not(s) for economic gains(Marx & Engels, 1969).This Marxist concept of dialectic materialism dictates that class conflictsare inevitable given the contradictions embedded in the capitalist mode-of-production (Burnham, 2001). One contradiction is the privatization of politico-economic capital (i.e. private property).This section deals with the political economy of corporate capitalist globalization.

Some authors have different names to designate this phenomenon including predatory globalization (Falk, 1999), aristocratic capitalism (Kelly, 2001), empire (Hardt &Negri, 2001 & 2004), corporate rule (Model, 2003; Korten, 2006, 2009 & 2011), hegemonic globalization (Agnew, 2003 & 2005; Knight, 2005), totalitarian capitalism (Liodakis, 2010), not to mention neoliberal globalization also being commonly used. All these different designations describe particular factors regarding the evolution of corporate capitalist globalization. Regardless of different names or labels describing the same phenomenon, corporate capitalist globalization is ultimately corporate warfare.

The corporate class not only seeks wealth maximization via profits but also to privatize their politico-economic power. State institutions and mechanisms are instruments of the corporate capitalist class (Grant & May, 1991). The corporate capitalist class (i.e. the corporate bourgeoisie) controls and owns the means-of-production. Through work, the forces-ofproduction sell their labor to the corporate bourgeoisie. Under the surplus labor theory of value, the corporate bourgeoisie are the benefactors of the profits derived from this surplus labor.

Profits are synonymous with the accumulation of capital (Nitzan, 2001). There are three dominant regimes in economic globalization including (1) trade, (2) production, and (3) finance (Held, McGrew, Goldblatt, & Perraton, 1999). All these regimes increased private capital

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accumulation. Globalized trade, production, and distribution are controlled by multinational corporations (MNCs) under their interlocking directorates’ dictates (Soref, 1976; Roy, 1983; Sklair, 2002; Burris, 1991 & 2011). International financial institutions (IFIs) including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) are among the dominant institutions of the financialization process of global corporate capitalism. A dominant intergovernmental organization (IGO), such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) ensures that trades move freely crossing all regional geographic boundaries, even if national political sovereignties are sacrificed for the sake of private wealth accumulation. An example of this is, national environmental laws being perceived as trade barriers by the WTO. Theses trade barriers are to be deregulated, under-regulated, or not regulated at all.

In terms of theorizing corporate capitalist globalization and its manifestations, Kellner (2002) offered the following critical approach to understanding the phenomenon without being reductionist. It is (1) the product of a technological revolution and (2) the global restructuring of capitalism, which resulted in (3) the interconnection of economic, technological, political, and cultural features on a global scale. All these manifestations exist in a dialectical materialism framework. Among these manifestationsof corporate capitalism is the privatization of public domains. According to Debab (2011) privatization and globalization are two sides of the same (corporate) capitalist coin as measured by (1) the flows in foreign direct investments (FDIs) and (2) foreign portfolio investments (FPIs). In essence, the current phase of corporate capitalist globalization is globalized capitalism (Robinson, 1998). Geopolitical boundaries are blurred with the diminishing power of national governments to counter powerful corporate forces of wealth accumulation (Bose, 2007). If the national interests are still relevant, then they must conform to and/or comply with corporate interests. There is near consensus in agreement among the authors

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cited above that the evolution of capitalism in its current globalized-form has increased class inequalities. Wealth accumulation concentration, and privatization, especially since the precipitation of the neoliberal assault beginning in the mid-1970s. The corporate minority enriched themselves at the expense of the global majority.

The above section summarized the political economy of corporate capitalist globalization through the Marxist dialectical materialism framework. In the spirit of C. Wright Mills, the founder of political sociology in American academia, the following section deals with the sociopolitical structures of the American corporate bourgeoisie. A class analysis via the subdisciplinary insights belonging to political sociology will reveal the sociopolitical structures encompassing elements of the American corporate bourgeoisie.

Sociopolitical Structures of the American Corporate Bourgeoisie To understand the politics of any society necessitates an understanding of its class structures (Pessen, 1982). This roughly translates to political sociology. Studying the domestic political structures requiresa clear understanding of who acquires and distributes political power in any existing social order (Allen & Broyles, 1989). Among class dominance theorists includes political sociologist G. William Domhoff (2004) who proposed a four-process-model of U.S. domestic political structures. These include the (1) special interest process, (2) policy formation process, (3) candidate selection process, and (4) ideology formation process. These four processes are distinct yet overlap each other. The special interest process comprises corporate lobbies and their PACs’ electioneering of corporate-funded politicians who will ratify procorporate legislations. The policy planning process comprises corporate-funded politicians and

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their reliance upon conservative think tanks 6 for expertise and opinion relevant to policy formation and implementation. The candidate selection process entails these corporate-funded politicians being privileged by corporate financial contributions. The ideology formation process includes corporate ownership and control of their media monopolies in shaping public perceptions by means of propaganda. All these processes interact and overlap each other with the universal objective of advancing corporate interests.

In the early 1970s, Daniel Fusfeld correctly predicted that the U.S. was slowly evolving into a corporate state (1972). This period marked the genesis of the neo-liberal blitzkrieg in the international political economy. Economic power was concentrated among a few supercorporations. These supercorporations were slowly exerting their dominance in the global economy. Political power was already concentrated heavily in the executive branch. This concentration of executive power has been common since the beginning of the Cold War. This created a symbiotic relationship between self-selected ĂŠlites of supercorporations and their dominance of the political decision-making process.

Logically, these economic elites exploited their political connections to (1) preserve and extend their power, and (2) to use this power to preserve and extend their wealth. These predictions revealed the inner working mechanisms among the American corporate bourgeoisie.

Dye and Pickering asserted that among the national institutional elites are three sectors including the (1) corporate, (2) governmental, and (3) public interest. Within each of these sectors were individuals whose positions of power depended on their institutional roles. Those at the corporate and governmental levels are the most powerful, especially in policy formation and implementation (1974). Perrucci and Wysong (2008) designated the term “superclass� to denote 6

Currently, among the most powerful corporate-right think tanks include the: New Project for an American Century, American Enterprise Institute, CATO Institute, Council on Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission, Heritage Foundation, and Brookings Institution.

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an “invisible class empire.� Members of this superclass dominate two major industries in which the structures and processes are covert. They are (1) the shadow political industry and (2) the information industry. Elements of the shadow political industry penetrate and dominate the political process, especially in policy formation and implementation. The political, economic, and cultural dimensions of superclass power are hidden from the American public under the aegis of the corporate-controlled media monopolies of the information industry (pp.142-144).

David Sallach (1974) inferred that class-consciousness, such as the formation of ideological beliefs, especially in the areas of political socialization and mass media socialization, are hegemonized by the ruling class. By dominating the political and economic arenas (i.e. the corporate media monopolies) wherein the accumulation and concentration of wealth are privatized especially in the political process, the ruling class also shapes class-consciousness (Schwartz, 1985). Lawrence Joseph went further claiming that the state is not merely an instrument of the American corporate bourgeoisie. Due to the structural constraints imposed by the capitalist mode-of-production, the state must continue to serve corporate class interests (1982).This conception of ideological hegemony is among many Marxist notions within the dialectic materialism framework. Sklair (2002) ascertained four fractions within the transnational capitalist class. These are the (1) corporate, (2) state, (3) technical, and (4) consumerist fractions.

These fractions are dominant institutional actors among the transnational capitalist class.

Conflicts and Commonalities among Political Science, Economics, and Sociology Common ground theory dictates that the beginning stages of interdisciplinary work require insights from two disciplines being compared simultaneously. This process is necessary to find some commonalities between the two disciplines being compared. Three comparisons between (1) political science and economics, (2) economics and sociology, and (3) sociology and

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political science--will reveal more conflicts than commonalities among these three disciplines— relevant to this paper’s thesis (see Table1, Doan, 2012a).

Political Science and Economics: Political Power resides in the Barrels-of-Corporate-Cash Political science deals with political legitimacy including governing institutions and mechanisms and how political power is distributed. Politics boils down to (who) gets what, where, when, and how (?). Economics deal with various modes-of-production. The American democratic project includes free market capitalism as the primary economic mode. American democracy is supposed to involve the citizenry in the political legitimizing process. American corporate capitalism does involve the citizenry to some extent, but not for the sake of “legitimacy” as in the political arena. For example, corporations are private entities. They are totalitarian institutions serving private power. Arguably, the only “legitimacy” they seek is from the free market as dictated by the laws of supply and demand. This boils down consumption.

Conflicts arise when politico-economic power is privatized by the corporate minority at the expense of the global majority. This is corporate tyranny. In this context, the one common factor is corporate control of the domestic (political) institutions and mechanisms serving corporate (economic) interests.

Economics and Sociology: Corporate Upward Mobility vs. Downward Mobility for the Rest The American democratic project includes corporate capitalism as an economic mode-ofproduction. American society is based on class stratification. The evolution of corporate capitalism exacerbates socio-economic mobility among the classes. The corporate class greatly benefited through its (upward) mobility at the expense of the middle and lower classes with their (downward) mobility. In this context of socio-economic mobility, one commonality among all three strata is being a part of this democratic project pursuing the American dream. For those in

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the corporate class this American dream had been reached. But for the rest, this American dream is turning into a socio-economic nightmare.

Sociology and Political Science: The Corporate Class Selects/Elects its own Kind Sociology is the study of human constructed institutions. These are the (1) family, (2) state, (3) religion, (4) academia, (5) media, and (6) peer. These six institutions are primary agents-of-socialization among the citizenry. In democratic societies, political institutions and mechanisms are legitimated by the electorate as different class interests compete for sociopolitical power acquisition and distribution. In the CorporateState of America, corporate institutions and mechanisms dictate who will wield political power. One common factor is the American corporate bourgeoisie selects and elects only those within their socio-political ranks (i.e. the corporate rich). The more capital one (does) have, the more votes one (can) buy.

Final Integration and Implementation A Reiteration of the Purpose: To Achieve Cognitive Advancement The major point of interdisciplinary research and writing is to integrate insights from the single disciplines to gain new knowledge via cognitive advancement (Boix Mansilla, 2005). A complex phenomenon such as corporate capitalist globalization enriching the already rich cannot be understood via a single discipline. This is too narrow and does not suffice multifaceted disciplinary empirical solutions. This narrowness and insufficiency will not advance genuine solutions to this totalitarian corporatist paradigm. The social sciences are disciplinary studies of socially constructed institutions and their interactions. An interdisciplinary process utilizing disciplinary insights from political science, economics, and sociology will attain this cognitive advancement. The(non)critical masses are politically apathetic, environmentally challenged, ethically devolved, and socially atomized as patriotic consumers in this “I gotta have it� (Wal-

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Mart) culture (Chomsky, Notes on NAFTA: The masters of mankind, 1993). There needs to be a paradigm shift to live in a more biocentric thus non-anthropocentric world because the current corporate capitalist paradigm is not benefitting the global majority, only the corporate minority.

There was never a so-called “consensus” when the Washington Consensus was immaculately conceived by the corporate priesthood via its free market fundamentalism (Stiglitz, 2002). The Global North in the core declared corporate warfare against the Global South in the periphery.

Integrative Techniques As regarding integrative techniques to achieve this cognitive advancement, there are five.

These are (1) redefinition, (2) extension, (3) organization, (4) expansion of a theory, and (5) transformation (Repko, 2011). Since interdisciplinarians should also be vocabularians, the redefinition of various words, terminologies, concepts, and/or phrases is the primary stepof the disciplinary integrationprocess. Different vocabulary and words have different meanings, depending on their grammatical usage (such as syntax and semantic), in a given context.

Extension usually follows the redefinition of various terms/concepts/phrases. Organization of these techniques will suffice a coherent framework and comprehension. The expansion of a theory deals with further conjectural development originated from a particular theory.

Transformation is more than changes. Whether reforming certain legal mandates and policies, raising awareness or attitudes--this is the most complex technique because it is easier said than done. All of these aforementioned techniques are relevant to the process of integration of the disciplinary insights with the objective of attaining cognitive advancement (BoixMansilla, 2005).

Techniques Explained and Utilized The founder of ancient logic Aristotle once proclaimed that whoever defines the term(s) wins the argument. Logically, this paper’s author wants to win this argument as stated in

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thethesis. As a necessary condition to winthis argument, the (first) technique of redefinition of various terms/concepts/phrases will reach this (cantankerous) victory. Authoritative sources to find the original terms and their meanings from dictionaries will be utilized. After various terms/concepts/phrases are redefined, they will be connected/extended relative to the aforementioned insights such as political science, economics, and sociology to advance the final integration. The (second) technique of extension will also be used. The rationality behind redefining various terms/concepts/phrases is semantic extension. In this order, the following terms will be defined: democracy, tyranny, corporation, corporatism, corporate state, neocorporatism, and corporatocracy.

Technique(s)

of

Redefinition/Extension

Relevant

to

Insights

from

Political

Science/Economics/Sociology The term democracy (pronounced: \di-ˈmä-krə-sē\) has its etymology from Middle French democratie, from Late Latin democratia, from Greek dēmokratia, from dēmos+-kratia-cracy. According to the online Merriam-Webster Dictionary,the subsequent definitions of democracyinclude: (1) A government by the people--especially rule of the majority; (2) A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections; (3) A political unit that has a democratic government; (4) Capitalized (Democracy) (includes) the principles and policies of the Democratic Party in the United States (from emancipation Republicanism to New Deal Democracy--C. M. Roberts); (5) The common people especially when constituting the source of political authority; and (6) The absence of hereditary or arbitrary class distinctions or privileges (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2012).

In the contexts of a dysfunctional American democratic project, of all the six aforementioned definitions, only the fourth one remains (somewhat) true pertaining to the Democratic Party’s principles, ideals, policies, and etc. All the rest are nothing more than what

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they really are--classifications, characterizations, delineations, definitions, demarcations, descriptions, explanations, and meanings. The representational version of American democracy really boils down the monetary vote (Joseph, 2011). Money is on par with freedom. Both are commodities. This commoditization of freedom rings loudly in this Corporate States of America. Simply put, the more money one has, the more votes one buys. The more votes one buys, the more power one privatizes. The more power one privatizes, the more corrupt one becomes.In opposition to democratic rule is tyranny (pronounced: \ˈtir-ə-nē\) being defined as (1) An oppressive power; especially oppressive power exerted by government (such as a police state); (2) A government in which absolute power is vested in a single ruler; especially one characteristic of anancient Greek city-state; (3) The office, authority, and administration of a tyrant; (4) A rigorous condition imposed by some outside agency or force; and (5) A tyrannical act (such as workers who had suffered tyrannies) (Merriam-Webster.com, 2012).

Corporation is defined as a “specific legal form of organization of persons and material resources, chartered by the state, for the purpose of conducting business” (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2012). Corporatism (Italian corporativismo), also called corporativism, is The theory and practice of organizing society into corporations subordinate to the state.

According to corporatist theory, workers and employers would be organized into industrial and professional corporations serving as organs of political representation and controlling to a large extent the persons and activities within their jurisdiction. However, as the corporate state was put into effect in fascist Italy between World Wars I and II, it reflected the will of the country’s dictator, Benito Mussolini, rather than the adjusted interests of economic groups (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2012).

State corporatism is “a state governed by representatives not of geographical areas but of vocational corporations of the employers and employees in each trade, profession, or industry” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2012).Thus state corporatism strongly correlates to neo-corporatism.

Again, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Neo-corporatism is a much more structured theory of interest group activity than pluralism. It is a modern version of statecorporatism, which emerged in the late 19th century in authoritarian systems and had several manifestations in the first half of the 20th century--for example, in Adolf Hitler’s Germany and Francisco Franco’s Spain. In this system, society is seen as a corporate--

THE U.S. CORPORATOCRACY & FULL SPECTRUM DOMINANCE 27 that is, united and hierarchical--body in which the government dominates and all sectors of society (e.g., business, the military, and labour) are required to work for the public interest as defined by the government (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2012) .

The official definition of corporatocracy (pronounced: /kôrpərəˈtäkrəsē/) means “a society or system that is governed or controlled by corporations” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2012).

Again, it is this author’s assertion that American democracy is dying and devolving into a corporatocracy benefiting the corporate bourgeoisie. By controlling the political institutions and mechanisms to advance economic elite interests, the American corporate class selects its own rank-and-files.

Redefinition/Extension

of

Terms/Concepts/Phrases

in

the

Contexts

of

Political

Science/Economics/Sociology (1) Political Context Those who (re)define/extend various terms/concepts/phrases will win their arguments.

In this dysfunctional (representational) democratic project, a redefinition of the term democracy necessitates its negation. To (de-democratize)democracy leads to its negated form of (dedemocratization). The ensuing (newer) terms are appropriate descriptions of this current corporate capitalist paradigm relevant to the de-democratization of the Corporate States of America. In the attempt to redefine and extend the term democracy, consider the subsequent proposed redefinition/extension of it by this author. Relevant to the aforementioned disciplinary insights of political science, economics, and sociology the United States’ corporatocracy has the following characteristics including but not limited to (1) Corporate rule of the minority basing its (il)legitimacy on private tyranny; (2) A government runs bycorporations, serving corporate interests, and elected by corporate elites; (3) A government in which privatecapital is vested in corporate elites(or) exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of corporaterepresentationusually involving periodically held free elections (serving corporate interests); (4) A political unit that has a corporatocratic government;

THE U.S. CORPORATOCRACY & FULL SPECTRUM DOMINANCE 28 (5) Capitalized (Corporatocracy) (includes) the principles and policies of the Republi-Crats in the Corporate States of America; (6) Public opinion is irrelevantconcerning policies servingpublic interests, especiallywhen constituting the source of political/economic/socialauthorities; and (7) A blatant presence of hereditary/arbitrary and class distinctions/privileges advancing corporate warfare benefiting the American corporate bourgeoisie (Doan, 2012b).

Regarding the commoditization of freedom mentioned earlier, the phrase “freedom isn’t free”is untrue in this corporatocracy. In fact, it is expensive for those who cannot afford this valuable commodity and free to the corporate bourgeoisie. There are two types of freedom: positive and negative. Positive freedom is when individual-A’s action DOES NOT infringe upon individual-B’s inalienable rights and vice versa. Negative freedom is when individual-A’s action DOES infringe upon individual-B’s inalienable rights and vice versa. Under corporate tyranny, negative freedom(s) reign benefiting the corporate (haves) in the Global North at the expense of the Global South. These are the (1) freedom to exploit the (have-nots) based on slave labor and wage slavery, (2) freedom to rob and steal their natural resources without their consent, and (3) freedom to externalize corporate environmental costs to the local populations without legal/financial consequences and at the same time internalize/privatize corporate profits.

(2) Economic Context The corporate bourgeoisie are among so-called High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) (Capgemini & Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management, 2011).Corporate capitalist evolution in a de-democratized existence is survival of the greediest.In terms of class stratification, Medium Net Worth Individuals (MNWIs) represent the (shrinking) middle class. Low Net Worth Individuals (LNWIs) are those stratified among the (growing) lower class.Negative Net Worth Individuals (NNWIs) are folks living in poverty. Their numbers are increasing. Consider the following official statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau. Roughly fifteen percent (46.2 million) Americanslived in poverty in 2011. Their numbers increased from 2007-2011. In term of

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demographics, naturalized citizens experienced the highest increase between 2010 and 2011.

Poverty rates were decreasing among six demographic groupings including (1) people of Latina/Latino origins, (2) males, (3) people who were foreign-borne, (4) permanent noncitizens, (5) people residing in the Southern region, and (6) people residing in statistical urban areas but outside major cities. In 2011 children under the age of eighteen living in poverty was 21.9 percent. Those between the ages of 18 to 64 stood at 13.7 percent. People aged 65 and older living in povertystood roughly at 9 percent. Although non-Hispanic Euro-Americans comprised the majority of the total population (63.2 percent), nevertheless they accounted for 41.5 percent of all those living in poverty (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, & Smith, September 2012). Corporatist and reactionary radio personality Rush Limbaugh believes class warfare from the right to be “class envy” by the left.If his premise is true, then by the same token, in terms of gravitational standards based on the Body Mass Index (B.M.I.), Limbaugh’s case is “weight envy” qualifying him as a candidate for Jenny Craig, NutriSystems, Lite Life, and Weight Watchers combined.

(3) Social Context “You cannot control your own population by force, but it can be distracted by consumption.” 7 Noam Chomsky In the social context of a consumer based society like the Corporate States of America, Cartesian common sense equates to a “we shop therefore we are” collective conscience. Despite all the rhetoric from the establishment about external official enemies possessing their weaponsof-mass-destruction, the primary instrument of thought control in democratic societies is the corporate media monopolies. These are unquestioned social institutions deceiving the (non)critical mass with corporate-created illusions of material consumption, entertainment, and necessary illusions (Chomsky, Necessary illusions: Thought control in democratic societies, 7

(Chomsky, The United States has essentially a one-party system, 2008, October 10).

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1989). These corporate media monopolies are weapons-of-mass-deception (WMDs) in this plastic culture. Indoctrinated as patriotic consumers and entertained spectators, Americans chase more after material wants rather than material needs. In this Me-Me-Me corporatocracy we consume therefore we are. Free market corporate globalization and its mechanisms equate to existential weapons-of-mass-consumtpion.

Implementation As stated above, the objective of interdisciplinary research and writing is to attain cognitive advancement (Boix Mansilla, 2005). A specific purpose will focus on the forces of globalization-from-below (Doan, 2012d). These forces-of-resistance are struggling against totalitarian capitalism (Liodakis, 2010) and its predatory globalization (Falk, 1999). The long term objective is to overthrow the corporate aristocracy (Kelly, 2001) via the multitude (Hardt & Negri, 2004) for a sustainable future of coexistence. The subsequent model proposed by this author is an inclusive one dealing with legal mandates, ethical behavior and sustainable economics leading to a democratically controlled economy advancing the common good.

Model of Legality + Ethics + Sustainability Economic Democracy Although there are various perspectives concerning the destructive aspects of a corrupt corporatist form of anarcho-capitalism, this author proposes a Model of Legality + Ethics + Sustainability with Economic Democracy being the common denominator while seriously addressing Corporate Social Responsibility/Ethics/Legitimacy (Rendtorff, 2009) in this postWashington Consensus zeitgeist (Stiglitz, 2002). This model will start with the Utilitarian principle stipulating that “the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people� is (moral). Furthermore, it is the consequence(s) of an action dictating the course of its action but

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NOT vice versa is (amoral). Corporate capitalism is an (amoral) economic mode-of-production with only one objective of profit-maximization. American corporate elites within the transnational capitalist class minority (Sklair, 2002) enriched themselves at the expense of the global majority. This is a contradiction to the aforementioned Utilitarian principle of (morality).

It is consistent with the Consequential principle of (amorality). This author also contends that corporate capitalism is the bastardization of what Adam Smith (who was a moral philosopher nonetheless) argued in his two-volume treatise regarding the political economy of capitalism (2002). Furthermore, the devolution of American democratic ideals/institutions into corporate tyranny serving private interests is on par with the bastardization of American representational democracy.

Planetary existence is at a crossroad being dichotomized by two simple courses of action if we choose to take them. Either we choose (1) the current corporate-capitalist-imperialistparadigm of continuity or (2) resistance-from-below for the sake of survival (Chomsky, Hegemony or survival: America's quest for global dominance, 2003). What will it take to reach a paradigm shift from an economic corporatocracy to an economic democracy? This model proposes the following solutions relevant to the macro-paradigm of business ethics (Heath, 2002; Rendtorff, 2009).

Legality + Ethics + Sustainability = Economic Democracy The common denominator of this model is based on the conceptual framework of economic democracy (Doan, 2012c). Re-constituting legal mandates where economic concentration is not only serving corporate interests but also for the common good. Corporate entities will show respect and obedience to the rule of law like everyone else. All corporations are to be sanctioned equally under this rule of law. In spite of the free market’s limitations

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(Klein, 2003) ethical business conduct must take into account these legal mandates including the common good (Anderson, 2002; Kelly, 2001; Maitland, 2002; Nielsen, 2002; Sternberg, 2002; Rawls, 2002; Solomon, 2002; Smith, 2002; Wicksteed, 2002). Within this common good are basic principles of universal (inalienable) rights including but not limited to (1) human and animal rights, (2) gender equality, (3) organized labor, (4) environmental liberation, etc. will be respected and honored (Engler, 2010). The objective of this model is to shift from the current amoral, malfunctioning, malevolent, and bastardized capitalist mode-of-production basing itself on (short term) profitability to a new economics based on (long term) sustainability (Large, 2010).

Kelly (2001) prescribed the following Principles of Economic Democracy and their correlates to dethrone the corporate aristocracy: (1) Principle of Enlightenment: All persons (workers and their communities) are created equal and have the same economic rights as their employers; (2) Principle of Equality: Corporate wealth are de-privatized and communal wealth belong to all (stockholders and stakeholders alike); (3) Principle of the Public Good: Protection of the common welfare of all citizens; (4) Principle of Democracy: Corporate entities are best governed by democratic means; (5) Principle of Justice: Corporate personhood and rights are unconstitutional and delegitimatized; and (6) Principle of (R)evolution: Democratic abolition and overthrow of non-democratic tyrannies including corporate entities (Kelly, 2001).

Concerning Corporate Social Responsibility/Ethics/Legitimacy Corporate capitalism enriched the corporate minority while impoverishing the global majority. For economic democracy to work as the common denominator, corporate social responsibility/ethics/legitimacy must be addressed. Through an interdisciplinary critique Rendtorff (2009) synthetized insights from business studies, sociology, political science, jurisprudence, and philosophy to enlighten those readers who are serious enough to work toward changes to make capitalism more responsible, ethical, and legitimate.

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Conclusion This paper is a matter of free speech as stipulated via Constitutional dictates. Whether readers agree or disagree with this paper’s thesis/content is their subjective choice. Due to deliberate historical amnesia by means of successful indoctrination and propaganda (Snow, 2007), apologists of “Americanism” rarely perceive themselves to be imperialists. At the same time, these same folks are the quickest to label those who criticize their imperialism with the stigma of being “anti-American” and all other reactionary labels. Such stigmas are more common in totalitarian states (i.e. Nazi Germany, Stalinist Soviet Union, Islamist Iran, Zionist Israel, and Maoist China) where conformity and obedience reigns over dissent. Dissent is among the axiomatic ingredients of a real democratic stew. These reactionaries do not believe in genuine freedom of speech, unless they themselves are speaking freely or are in agreement with whatever speech they want to hear. Attending religious services listening to theocentric redundancy is a prime example. Simply put, Americanists favor “preferred speech” and not necessarily “free speech.” When dealing with apologists of imperialism and corporate capitalism: nothing is free, except for their “rational” pursuit of profits. This denial of imperial ambitions is so obvious to historical victims of American gangster aggression (Atwood, 2003) rendering this phenomenon close to being Cartesian common sense among these historical victims. In a personal communication from the great activist academic and linguist, Noam Chomsky, to this paper’s author--when asked for a few words of wisdom--Chomsky replied with, “It’s up to us to resist.” Indeed we will continue the resistance-from-below to attain genuine democratization.

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Table 1 Conflicts and Commonalities in Political Science, Economics, and Sociology (Doan, 2012a)

Political Science and

Conflict

Commonality

Politics boils down to who(gets) what, where, when, and how.Politico-economic power is privatized by the corporate minority at the expense of the global majority.

Corporate control of the domestic politicalinstitutions and mechanisms to serve corporate economicinterests.

American society is based on class stratification.

The evolution of corporate capitalism worsens socioeconomic mobility among the social classes. The corporate class greatly benefited through its upward mobility at the expense of the middle and lower classes with their downward mobility.

One commonality among all three (corporate, middle, and lower) classes is being a part of this democratic project pursuing the American dream. For those in the corporate class this American dream had been reached. But for the rest, this American dream is turning into a socioeconomic nightmare.

In democratic societies, political institutions and mechanisms are legitimated by the electorate as different class interests compete for sociopolitical power acquisition and distribution.

In the CorporateState of America, corporate institutions and mechanisms dictate who will wield political power.

The American corporate bourgeoisie selects and elects only those within their sociopolitical ranks (i.e. the corporate rich). The more capital one has, the more votes one buys.

Economics

Economics and Sociology

Sociology and Political Science