Life Expectancy Ward Analysis Ward Profile: Moseley & Kings Heath Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy
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2
Date
June 2009
Status
Green
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Introduction Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP). This Ward Profile series aims to: •
Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context
•
Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward
•
Investigate into leading conditions that cause deaths locally to provide local focus for each target ward and
•
Suggest future area/ factors for extended research
Authors
Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst) Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst) Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst) Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence) Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)
Any further Telephone 0121 465 2995 / 2999 or Information Email : PHIT@benpct.nhs.uk
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Summary •
Electoral ward Moseley & Kings Heath is in the boundary of NHS South Birmingham
•
Moseley & Kings Heath accounted for 2.35% of Birmingham’s population in 2006
•
One of the largest sections of the population are children and young people [0 – 19] at 24.11%
•
Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) group split (31.2%) is higher than national average (11.3%) overall but lower than Birmingham (32.7%). This group accounted for 0.75% of the total population of Birmingham in 2001.
•
Moseley & Kings Heath is the 28th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham
•
The latest extraction for 2005/07 reflects: o Life expectancy in Moseley & Kings Heath is at 74.2 for men, 81.3 for women in the year 2005/07 o Male life expectancy has increased by 5.2%. The gap between Moseley & Kings Heath and England has shortened by 20% (0.8 years) from 95/97 to 05/07. o Female life expectancy has increased by 6.8%. The gap between Moseley & Kings Heath and England has shortened by 86% (3.1 years) from 95/97 to 05/07. o Infant Mortality Rates have dropped by 54.6% since 99/01, in comparison the rate for the most deprived wards has dropped o Circulatory diseases (34.27%), Cancers (25.23%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (16.2%) are the leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward.
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Local context: demographics and deprivation
This section describes population demographics and deprivation in Longbridge to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities. Comparisons are made with Birmingham and England.
1.1 Age and sex distribution The population of Moseley and Kings Heath is estimated to be 23,767. This represents 2.35% of the population of Birmingham. Approximately 49.8% (11,758) are male and 50.2% are female (12,009). These estimations are based on ONS mid-year population 2006. The population pyramid (Figure 1.1) shows the age and sex distributions. Population By Age Group and Gender 2006 Estimates by Ward Source: Office of National Statistics
281
158
80+ 232
75-79 70-74
315
376
65-69
Females
389 473
410
60-64 514
55-59 50-54
Males
403
322
656 700
702 725
45-49
762 857
899
40-44 1020
35-39 30-34
932 995
1094
1217
1284
25-29
963
20-24
937
15-19
714
723
10-14
727
712 612
744
5-9
776
0-4 1500
1000
722 500
0
500
1000
1500
Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates
Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Moseley & Kings Heath 2006
Figure 1.1 illustrates: •
Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 24.11% (5,730) of the Moseley and Kings Heath population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 12.19% (2,897).
•
The age structure shows that the ward has 2.06 percentage points more people below 19 than the city and 1.55 percentage points more over 65s.
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1.2 Ethnicity Ethnicity has some influences in terms what kind of illness an individual could develop through their life. Thus, ethnicity analysis becomes a requirement in order to target health vulnerable people. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Moseley and Kings Heath population, compared with Birmingham and England. •
•
• • Table 1.1
The % column of table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column show the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, City and nationally. About a third (31.2%) of the population are of non-white ethnicity (i.e. Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) Group. Within the BME group, Pakistanis represents 13.42%, Indian 5.71% and Black Caribbean 3.78%. The BME (31.2%) is nearly the same proportion as within Birmingham (32.7%), and higher than England (11.3%). White ethnicity (68.8%) is higher than Birmingham but lower than nationally. Ethnicity groups for Moseley & Kings Heath (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006) Moseley & Kings Heath % N* 68.8 16.7 21.5 5.2 5.2 1.3 3.2 0.7 1.3 0.3 100 24.2
Ethnicity groups White Asian or Asian British Black or Black British Mixed Chinese or other Total
Birmingham %
N* 67.3 20.7 6.7 3.2 2.3 100
England %
667.0 207.9 67.0 31.8 22.9 1,106.5
88.7 5.5 2.8 1.6 1.4 100
N* 45,018.1 2,786.6 1,403.0 829.5 725.7 50,762.9
*population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward
1.3 Deprivation According to Index of Multiple Deprivations (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Moseley & Kings Heath is the 28th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 26.341. Figure 1.2 shows SOAs in by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Moseley & Kings Heath is in the second and third most deprived SOAs in Birmingham. Table 1.2 shows the area covered by the ward and population density. Ward Area 2
2
Area (KM )
Population Density (persons / km )
Population Density – Working Age 2 16-64 (persons/km )
6.529
3715
2327
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Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.
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Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Moseley & Kings Heath by IMD quintile, 2007
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Life expectancy trend
Life expectancy is one of the most important determinants for health inequalities across the population; and there is evidence. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities. Figure 2.1 shows trend of male expectancy in Moseley and Kings Heath from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Figure 2.1 shows evidence that male life expectancy has increased in Moseley and Kings Heath over the ten years since 1995. It is still lower than Birmingham and national totals however, so requires further investigation. Male Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average, Moseley & Kings Heath, Birmingham & England 80.0
Life Expectancy (Age)
78.0 76.0 74.0 72.0 70.0 68.0
/0 6
/0 5
/0 7 20 05
20 04
20 03
20 02
/0 4
/0 3
/0 2
20 01
20 00
/0 0
/0 1 19 99
19 98
/9 9 19 97
/9 8 19 96
19 95
/9 7
66.0
Calendar Year England M ales
Birmingham M ales
M oseley & Kings Heath M ales
Data source: ONS
Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy for Moseley & Kings Heath, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07
Figure 2.2 shows trend of female expectancy in Moseley & Kings Heath from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Figure 2.2 shows that by 2007 female life expectancy in Moseley and Kings Heath is higher than the city level but lower than England. More strategies are needed to identify underlying causes of this issue.
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Female Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average, Moseley & Kings Heath, Birmingham & England 83.0 82.0 Life Expectancy (Age)
81.0 80.0 79.0 78.0 77.0 76.0 75.0 74.0
/0 6
/0 5
/0 7 20 05
20 04
/0 4 20 02
20 03
/0 3
/0 2
20 01
20 00
/0 1 19 99
/0 0
/9 9
19 98
19 97
/9 8 19 96
19 95
/9 7
73.0
Calendar Year England Females
Birmingham Females
M oseley & Kings Heath Females
Data source: ONS
Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Moseley & Kings Heath, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07
As illustrated in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, life expectancy for both males and females has increased. Life expectancy in Moseley and Kings Heath is lower than City and national averages for men and below national averages for women. The gap for both male/female life expectancy between Moseley and Kings Heath and England has dropped, with the gap for men being slightly more. •
Male life expectancy has increased by 5.2% (3.68 years, from 70.6 years in 1997 to 74.2 years by 2007).
•
The gap of male life expectancy between Moseley and Kings Heath and England has shortened by 0.8 year from 4.0 years to 3.2 years, i.e. a decrease of 20%.
•
Female life expectancy has increased by 6.8% (5.2 years, from 76.1 years in 1997 to 81.3 years by 2007).
•
The gap of female life expectancy between Moseley and Kings Heath and England has closed by 3.1 year from 3.6 years to 0.5 years.
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2.1 Infant mortality In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births. Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Moseley and Kings Heath, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999 to 2007. Moseley & Kings Heath Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average 16.0 14.0
Rate per 1,000
12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1999 / 01
2000 / 02
2001 / 03
2002 / 04
2003 / 05
2004 / 06
2005 / 07
Trend Years Birmingham M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham
England M oseley & Kings Heath
Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT
Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Moseley & Kings Heath Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 19992007
As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 05/07, the IMR is a fifth higher than that of England: whilst that in the most deprived quintile are about two folds of England. • •
•
From 99/01 to 05/07, the IMR has dropped by 54.8%. Birmingham’s IMR has also decreased. The gap between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham and Moseley and Kings Heath improved from 2.3 above the most deprived quintile to 3.5 below. During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 (at about 0.1 per year). The gap between Moseley and Kings Heath and England has closed from 8.3 to 1.4 (83%).
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Local focus
This section investigates into the leading causes of deaths locally.
3.1 Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated into in this part in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Moseley and Kings Heath. Table 3.1 shows directly standardized mortality rates for selected conditions in 2005-2007. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. According to the figures, cancers, circulatory diseases, and coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make more than 75.7% of the overall DSR. This percentage is consistent with both city and local PCT level which vary from 72% to 82% Table 3.1
Directly Standardized Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Moseley & Kings Heath 2005-2007 % out of all causes rate*
DSR All Causes
729.77
All Cancers
184.09
25.23%
All Circulatory Diseases
250.10
34.27%
Coronary Heart Disease
118.19
16.20%
* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development
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