Life Expectancy Ward Analysis Ward Profile: Sutton Trinity Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy
VERSION CONTROL AND DOCUMENT GOVERNANCE Version
2
Date
May 2009
Status
Green
File location (public) Filename and path to locate this document
All maps produced with permission of Dotted Eyes & Ordance Survey Š Crown copyright 2008 licence number 100019918
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Introduction Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP). This Ward Profile series aims to: •
Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context
•
Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward
•
Investigate into leading conditions that cause deaths locally to provide local focus for each target ward and
•
Suggest future area/ factors for extended research
Author s
Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst) Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst) Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst) Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)
Section Director
Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)
Any further information
Telephone : 0121 465 2995 / 2999 Email : PHIT@benpct.nhs.uk
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Summary •
Electoral ward Sutton Trinity is in the boundary of NHS Birmingham East and North
•
Sutton Trinity accounted for 2.41% of Birmingham’s population in 2006
•
The age group with the highest percentage of the population are children and young people [0 – 19] at 24.2%
•
Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) group split (4.9%) is less than national average (11.3%) overall and lower than Birmingham (32.7%). This group accounted for 0.11% of the total population of Birmingham in 2001.
•
Sutton Trinity is the 37th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham
•
The latest extraction of 2005/07 reflects that: o Life expectancy is at 81.2 for men, 84.2 for women in the year 2005/07 o Male life expectancy has increased by 7.2%. The gap between Sutton Trinity and England has widened by 218% (2.4 years) from 95/97 to 05/07 in the wards favour. o Female life expectancy has increased by 2.6%. The gap between Sutton Trinity and England has remained the same (2.4 years) from 95/97 to 05/07. o Infant Mortality Rates for has decreased by 38% since 99/01, with a similar drop for the most deprived wards o Circulatory diseases (35.82%), Cancers (25.53%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (16.89%) are the leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward.
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Local context: demographics and deprivation
This section describes population demographics and deprivation, and comparisons are made with Sutton Trinity, Birmingham and England to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities.
1.1 Age and sex distribution The population of Sutton Trinity is estimated to be 24,355. This represents 2.41% of the population of Birmingham. There are (11,765) 48.3% male and (12,590). 51.7% female. These estimations are based on ONS Mid. Year (2006) Population By Age Group and Gender 2006 Estimates by Ward Source: Office of National Statistics
80+
399
251
75-79
579
448
547
65-69 60-64
Males
541
500
70-74
Females
603 758
635 827
55-59
794 788
698
50-54 45-49
880
40-44
883
35-39
889
891 1019 921 636
30-34
740
574
25-29 20-24
695 635
737
775
800
15-19
831
10-14
790
5-9
716
0-4
725
1000
651 606 500
0
500
1000
1500
Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates
Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Sutton Trinity 2006
Figure 1.1 illustrates: •
Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 24.2% (5,894) of the Sutton Trinity population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 18.32% (4,461).
•
The age structure of the ward reflects that the under 19 age group is 2.2 percentage points higher that the Birmingham average: equally the 65+ age group is also higher by 7.68 percentage points against the city average
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1.2 Ethnicity Ethnicity has some influences in terms of what diseases an individual could develop through their life. With this in mind, analysis of the ethnicity of the local population becomes a requirement in order to target vulnerable health groups. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Sutton Trinity population, compared with Birmingham and England. •
•
•
•
Each % column in table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column show the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, City and nationally. Less than a tenth (4.9%) of the population in Sutton Trinity is of non-white ethnicity (i.e. Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) Group. Within the BME group, Pakistanis represents 0.61%, Indian 1.42% and Black Caribbean 0.79%. The proportion of BME (4.9%) is less than the proportion of Birmingham (32.7%), and less than halve that of the average across England (11.3%). White ethnicity (95.1%) is higher than national /local levels.
Table 1.1
Ethnicity groups for Sutton Trinity (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006) Sutton Trinity Birmingham England Ethnicity groups % % % N* N* N* White 95.1 67.3 88.7 22.2 667.0 45,018.1 Asian or Asian British 2.2 20.7 5.5 0.5 207.9 2,786.6 Black or Black British 1.1 6.7 2.8 0.3 67.0 1,403.0 Mixed 1.1 3.2 1.6 0.3 31.8 829.5 Chinese or other 0.5 2.3 1.4 0.1 22.9 725.7 Total 100 100 100 23.4 1,106.5 50,762.9 *population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward
1.3 Deprivation According to Index of Multiple Deprivations (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Sutton Trinity is the 37th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 13.821. Figure 1.2 shows SOA by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Sutton Trinity is in the least deprived SOAs in Birmingham. (ref: IMD map on following page) Ward Area 2
Area (km )
11.886
Population Density 2 (persons/km )
Population Density – Working Age 16-64
2128
1279
2
1
Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.
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Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Sutton Trinity by IMD quintile, 2007
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Life expectancy trend
Life expectancy is one of the most important forecasters for health inequalities across the population; since there is evidence that people most need them do not have access to services. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in Sutton Trinity, in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities. Figure 2.1 shows trend of male expectancy in Sutton Trinity from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England and shows evidence that whilst male life expectancy has increased in Sutton Trinity over the ten years since 1995, and particularly in the last 6 years. Male Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average, Sutton Trinity, Birmingham & England 82.0
Life Expectancy (Age)
80.0 78.0 76.0 74.0 72.0 70.0
/0 6
/0 5
/0 7 20 05
20 04
20 03
/0 4 20 02
/0 2
/0 3 20 01
20 00
/0 0
/0 1 19 99
19 98
/9 9 19 97
19 96
19 95
/9 7
/9 8
68.0
Calendar Year England M ales
Birmingham M ales
Sutton Trinity M ales
Data source: ONS
Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy for Sutton Trinity Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07
Figure 2.2 shows trend of female expectancy from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England and shows that by 2007 female life expectancy in Sutton Trinity, and Birmingham have been increasing; however England has advanced at a higher rate, thereby closing the more slowly.
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Female Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average, Sutton Trinity, Birmingham & England 85.0
Life Expectancy (Age)
84.0 83.0 82.0 81.0 80.0 79.0 78.0 77.0 76.0
/0 7 20 05
/0 5
/0 6 20 04
20 03
/0 4 20 02
/0 2
/0 3 20 01
20 00
/0 1 19 99
19 98
/0 0
/9 9 19 97
/9 8 19 96
19 95
/9 7
75.0
Calendar Year England Females
Birmingham Females
Sutton Trinity Females
Data source: ONS
Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Sutton Trinity Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07
As illustrated in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, life expectancy for both males and females in Sutton Trinity has increased over the period of time. Life expectancy in Sutton Trinity is higher than City and national average. The gap for both male life expectancy between Sutton Trinity and England has increased, whilst the female gap has remained the same. In conclusion: • •
• •
Male life expectancy has increased by 7.2% (5.47 years, from 75.7 years in 2000 to 81.2 years in 2007). The gap of male life expectancy between Sutton Trinity and England has widened by 2.4 years from 1.1 years in 1997 to 3.5 years in 2007, which means an increase of 218% in favour of Sutton Trinity with national figure being lower. Female life expectancy has increased by 2.6% (2.11 years, from 82.1 years in 2000 to 84.2 years in 2007). The gap of female life expectancy between Sutton Trinity and England has remained stagnant at 2.4 years to the favour of the ward.
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2.1 Infant mortality In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births. Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Sutton Trinity, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999 to 2007. Sutton Trinity Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average 14.0 12.0
Rate per 1,000
10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1999 / 01
2000 / 02
2001 / 03
2002 / 04
2003 / 05
2004 / 06
2005 / 07
Trend Years Birmingham M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham
England Sutton Trinity
Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT
Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Sutton Trinity Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999-2007
As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 05/07, the IMR in Sutton Trinity is lower than that of England; whilst IMR in the most deprived quintile is about two folds of England. • •
•
From 99/01 to 05/07, the IMR in Sutton Trinity has decreased by 38% comparatively Birmingham’s IMR which has also decreased. The gap between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham and Sutton Trinity has risen by 13.5% from 5.2 per 1,000 to 5.9 per 1,000. This despite improvements in the lower quintiles IMR During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 (at about 0.1 per year). The gap between Sutton Trinity and England has increased from 0.8 to -1.0 (225%) in the wards favour.
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Local focus
This section investigates into the leading causes of deaths locally.
3.1 Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated into in this part in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Sutton Trinity. Table 3.1 shows directly standardized mortality rates for selected conditions in during the period 2005-2007. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. According to the figures, cancers, circulatory diseases, and coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make more than 78.24% of the overall DSR. This figure is 1.8% lower than the Birmingham percentage for the three killers but on a par with the PCT wards which range from 72% to 81.6%. Table 3.1
Directly Standardized Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Sutton Trinity 2005-2007 % out of all causes rate*
DSR All Causes
480.82
All Cancers
122.75
25.53%
All Circulatory Diseases
172.24
35.82%
Coronary Heart Disease
81.22
16.89%
* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development
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