MASTER IN ADvANCED ARCHITECTURE Emergent Territories - Intelligent Cities
2014/15 Landscape of experiences
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BARCELONA
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MASTER IN ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE Thesis Project Title: Landscape of experiences
Research Studio: Emergent Territories - Intelligent Cities
Director: Willy M端ller Faculty Assistant: Jorge Perea - Jordi Mansilla Assistant: Jordi Vivaldi
Yanna Haddad Joy Alexandre Harb K Pia Grobner
Barcelona
INDEX Thesis 01 Inception - Thesis Project and Introduction
01 | 1 The Site 01 | 2 Intelligent Cities 01 | 3 The Device
02 Section 1
02 | 1 Method 02 | 2 User 02 | 3 Structure
03 Thesis Project
03 03 03 03 03
| | | | |
1 Concept 2 Appropriation 3 Evolution 4 Energy Production 5 Scenarios
04 Conclusion 05 References/Resources
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Thesis What will the city look like in 100 years? Nowadays we imagine architecture as something static. But Life is not static. Nor is a city or a building. Buildings already change their functions, when the use changes, as well as their appearance by preserving or developing renovations. Cities are systems in constant change, shaped by flows of people, devices and data. Bit by bit, buildings change, giving the city a new face every day. But why do buildings have to be static? Already in the 1960’s architects like Ron Herron of Archigram proposed massive robotic structures, which could walk wherever it might be the best. The walking city nowadays is an icon in architectural theory. Examples of kinetic architecture can be found already today. Heatherwicks‘ Rolling Bridge is just one example. So what if not only the city changes by fluctuant constructions, but the buildings itself alter?
Archigram, A Walking City
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In 100 years architecture will not be limited to inactive objects anymore. Kinetic architecture is established, constructions are not frozen in one moment, they change constantly to the current needs. Rooms can grow when the number of people increases, bridges can come up only when needed, leaving free space if not. But how can the structure know about those needs? The 21st century is the era of data collection. Everybody has several devices, which observe, record and publish data every second used. This data can be taken to measure pedestrian and traffic flows, current needs and shortages. The structure will respond to that input as well as it can already provide the surrounding for certain scenarios. Two surfaces respond either in different ways. One works in a performative way and one works observative. Together they shape a space with various functions, reacting to the behavior of the people.
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# 01
inception What about future?
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el morrot the site The location between Montjuic and the harbor is full of contradictions. On one hand it is a place with lots of connections. The ships are landing, bringing thousands of people and tons of goods to Barcelona every day. A big street is connecting the airport to the city. And the view from the castle to the sea is stunning. On the other hand there are lots of frictions. The street, connecting in one direction, is a huge barrier in the perpendicular way. From the top of the mountain the sea seems far away, although well seen. The hill slope itself is a barrier, which makes the castle on top inaccessible from the seaside.
Castle of Montjuic
155 150
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Montj
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La Ronda litoral
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And though every tourist visiting Barcelona is passing this place, nobody ever stops there. Whether the people come from the big cruise ships or if they come from the airport, they always pass the constriction between the harbor and the Montjuic. As well as the inhabitants of Barcelona, close enough to see it every day – nobody is aware of this place. In the site analysis we extracted the main nodes, which function as fixed activator points for the structure. In addition the site was sliced in seven sections, each one representing another zone and function. The aim of the structure is to connect the existing nodes as well as the divided area. The mountain will be connected with the seafront again, the harbor will be connected with its city.
port activity
Wate Ship arrival
Water front
S1PERCEPTION SPACES - Leisure
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S2 NATURE V - Green Link
400
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juic
City
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Distribution streets
Distribution tracks Ship arrival
Island
Water front City connection
Good arrival
er front
VEINS
Island
market
Island
Island
bridge view
S3 GOODS ARRIVAL - Goods Distribution - Market - Storage Spaces
S4 DENSITY OF ACTIVITY - Leisure
S5 SUN AND SHADE - Housing - Hotels
S6 SHIPS CONNECTIVITY - Ship Arrival - Direct Access
S7 SHIPS / ISLANDS - Ship Arrival - Settling
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intelligent cities EMERGENT TERRITORIES
Thinking of the Future
What should a structure be able to in the future? It should emerge due to the circumstances. It’s nothing stable anymore; it reacts and responds to the surrounding. But it is shaping the surrounding itself as well. Through interaction there is a constant change.
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Spaces emerge and disappear again, the structure turns more into an idea than a solid building.
brainstorming model foam on foam
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the device FUTURE TRANSPORTATION
The cable car of tomorrow
The cable car is a very old transportation device. First documents about it where found from 1411. The first modern cable car for people was built in 1907 in San Sebastian. In 2010 the cable car was rethought as a public transportation device in Caracas. However, the technology has certain limits. Due to the cables the radius and track of a cable car are just linear. It can move from point a to point b and back. But besides the simple transportation it has much more to offer: the experience of being above the things, the stunning views and the feeling of hovering. In 50 years technology might be so far that the limiting cables are not needed anymore – and the device could move free through space. Instead of a linear path it could form a rhizomatic pattern over the city, reacting to the current demand. Via smart tracking it could respond to accumulations. Shortages and long waiting times could be prevented. Flexible units can make their way either alone or form bigger structures for groups of passengers. The cable car of the future will be a smart, fast and convenient way of travelling without loosing its amazing experience.
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Although the site of the industrial harbor is ignored by tourists as well as by the inhabitants of the city, we could find some beauty in this place. From the points of interest, that where given already on the site, we formed a structure, responding to them as well as offering a new life and interest to the location. The structure consists out of two surfaces, one is forming the activities of the users, for example it shapes a big arena for concerts. The other surface is reacting in a passive way, it responds to the movement and distribution of the users, so if a lot of people are in the same place, it will open up, if the people are more distributed, it will intersect more with the other surface, shaping smaller rooms. The structure will embrace the incoming tourists as well as providing a space to the locals for recreation and interaction. Locals and tourists merge there in bigger events as well as small workshops. The structure also provides space for the port activities, interweaving leisure facilities with commercial and industrial functions. According to the needs one is more weighted in the distribution than the other, responding to the contemporary necessities.
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# 02 Section 1 Landscape of Experience
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METHOD FORMFINDING ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOUR SHAPE THROUGH REALTIME DATA INPUTS
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FORM FOLLOWS DATA
In 100 years urban structures as well as buildings will not be static anymore. They will change their shape according to the needs of the user and the given circumstances. But how does the building know what to do? Nowadays everybody carries various devices that measure nearly everything. By tracking the geolocation of images and posts uploaded on social networks, a rough outline of the users behavior can be done already. Analyzing the content of the images and posts gives even more information. Almost everything can be measured. The structure responds to the given input. If there is a large gathering of people it will shape bigger rooms to allow more space. If cars want to cross from one terminal to the other, it will shape a bridge. When a ship wants to pass, it moves to the ground of the harbor. If smaller ships need docks, the structure creates various islands, as well as connections to the land. If someone from the harbor wishes to reach the peak of the mountain, the surface will transport him there. When there is no input given, the two surfaces rest and merge with the existing landscape.
www.atnight.ws project geolocation of social network posts
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Mapping the geolocation of online posts during one day in Barcelona. The highest amount of images is concentrated around the monuments of Barcelona.
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Mapping the images on the harbour site during one day and superimposing them. The highest points are the peaks of interest. Through this a topography of interest can be extracted, which shapes the structure.
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THE USER
structure
The main user of the harbor is the tourist. Every year millions of visitors enter the city. Over the past 20 years their number has quadrupled, in 2014 the number has reached 8 millions. An increasing number arrives via the harbor, coming with the cruise ships, which resemble a floating city itself. Tourists visit Barcelona for various reasons. Some want to experience the city rather in a passive way like enjoying the views of the city or listening to music. Others want to explore it in an active way like going hiking on the mountains or joining cooking classes. But also the activities of the locals can be classified in those categories.
Therefore the structure is parted in two surfaces: one functions as an observative platform, the other one performative. Each one has different functions according to their aim. Together they shape an active urban space that connects the harbor site with the city.
The passive behavior of the tourist creates an observative surface where tourists come from sightseeing and to enjoy the view.
Passive
Tourists' behavior Active
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observative
The active behavior of the tourist creates a performative surface where tourists come to participate in concerts, symposiums and many other activities.
performative
two surfaces
responds behaviourof ofthe thepeople people responds to to the the behaviour behaviour passive passive
observative surface
responds responds to to the the activities activities responds active active
performative surface
castle castle
montjuic montjuic
port portactivity activity port activity
ship arrival ship arrival arrival ship
access accesslala laronda ronda access ronda
ship shiparrival arrival ship arrival sea sea access access sea access
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mass plan
information
harbor view
auditorium 1
image room
access street
sea view culture exchange/provisions
gallery
auditorium 2
The two surfaces create various spaces by intersecting. The developed rooms will be used for cultural venues like art exhibitions, workshops or concerts. On top of the waves a promenade can be found that reaches from the waterfront up to the castle of montjuic.
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floor plan
The first section reaches from the industrial part of the harbor over
final presentation term 2
the highway la ronda litoral and up the mountain to the castle of montjuic.
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section and top view
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The Model The two surfaces create various spaces inbetween each other. Connections define the spaces more. With videoprojections the movement was shown. The intersectionlines move on the surface, defining the space below and above.
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video projection on model
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# 03
Thesis Project Expanding over the Harbor
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concept EMERGING ON THE SITE
After concentrating on the first section the structure has to expand over the whole territory. Seven groups worked on seven sections and each one had a different concept. The consecutive method was to appropriate the different concepts and merge them in the structure. Therefore the harbor was divided into seven sections and zones. Each zone varies in shape and function. The first sector is the dedicated to leisure time. Here big concerts are happening as well as exhibitions. The structure reaches from the sea up to the castle to connect the two counterpoints and offer views all over. The second one is a green zone. The active surface merges into green space where plants grow while the passive one forms paths that lead through the park. The third one is dedicated to the harbor work. Containers and goods are stored in between the surfaces and distributed to further destinations. The consecutive one has a triphibian concept. It functions as a terminal and gate for the cruise ship passengers. It connects the harbor directly with the city and the mountain. The fifth area is a housing zone. Here the surfaces multiply and create various spaces in between that will be used for accommodation. The locations are next to the waterfront and on top of the mountain so that each space has a unique view. The last two areas function mainly for the ships. Plug-in ramps connect the ships to the land and offer the passengers a welcome to Barcelona. The last zone appears mainly 32
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT in the ocean, the surfaces dive into the water and only peak out in a few points. They create islands where they are needed, so ships can dock there and recharge their supply, if they don’t want to stay on the land.
2 surfaces active - passive
responds to the behaviour of the people passive
responds to the activities active castle
montjuic
port activity
ship arrival
access la ronda
ship arrival sea access
appropriation of the concepts renaturalization park active surface passive surface
- green surface fading to mountain - path system, connecting & observing
goods storage hall & distribution active surface passive surface
- distribution of goods - storage space
triphibian terminal & market active surface passive surface
hedonism housing
active surface passive surface
plug - in terminal
active surface passive surface
- market; space of interaction - terminal
- the spaces inbetween form living spaces - on top an exclusive landscape emerges
- connection to the ships & link to the city - creates a shelter; waiting halls
democracy of space drive-by islands active surface passive surface
- creates islands for ships - observation paths & connection
nodes of the new parameters
Castle of Montjuic
City
Montjuic
La Ronda litoral
Distribution streets
Distribution tracks Ship arrival
Island
Water front City connection
port activity Good arrival Water front Ship arrival Island
market
Island
Water front
Island
bridge view
sections
S1
experience
S2
nature
S3
goods
S4
triphibian
S5
exclusivity
S6
size
S7
ships
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ZONES & FUNCTIONS
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merging LOFTING THE SEVEN CONCEPTS
section lines
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By placing the section curves on the site and lofting them together
axonometry of the site
two smooth surfaces where generated. The structure raeches from the ocean to the mountain and merges with the whole harbor site.
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appropriation ADAPTION OF THE SEVEN CONCEPTS
landscape of experience I section 1
green zone I section 2
cargo area I section 3
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triphibian I section 4
housing I section 5
plug-in terminals I section 6
islands I section 7
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evolution RESPONSIVE STRUCTURE
The surface behavior varies according to the given circumstances. On one hand it shapes to the current need, like for example shaping ramps when a ship arrives or big concerts halls in case of events. But it also responds to the amount of people, if there is a lot of activity, the surface has more wave movement and intersections, when there is low activity, the structure calms down and settles. Generally there is more movement in summer, as the activity is higher than in winter. In the low season the structure merges more with the surrounding and appears less visible. The highest activity happens when there are special events like the world race.
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The waterfront as reconnected with the mountain, the citiy is reconnected with the harbor. By 2115 El Morrot will be a whole new district of Barcelona. The city expanded rapidly, El Morrot is not isolated at the edge anymore, but embedded in the heart of the city.
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El Morrot 2115
The structure reaches over the whole site, covering the harbor like a
view from terminal A
skin. It combines with the existing objects like the bridge, interacting with them.
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energy concept PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS The energy used for the movement of the structure is generated by the surface itself. With piezoelectric materials, the pressure energy of the surrounding is collected and directly distributed to the spots needed. The pressure causing elements are the containers of the harbor work, the waves and the users. Through piezoelectric materials, the weight pushed on the skin can be transformed into electric energy. The spots with the most activity usually produce and consume most electricity, therefore the energy is always directly produced where it is needed. Excess energy will be directed to the electricity system of Barcelona.
Energy Floors - 2-20 Joule per step on tile
peoples movement
harbor work
energy for the structures movement
surface movement according to the energy level
(ships) wave power
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ENERGY PRODUCTION HOTSPOTS
energy harvesting rate: high medium low
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SCENARIOS
winter
summer
events
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RESPONSE
INPUT DATA
ENERGY PRODUCER
total passengers
passengers
people peoplesmovement movement
700.000 600.000
peoples movement
500.000
peoples movement
400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000
December
October
November
August
September
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
0
goods (tonnes)
goods (tonnes)
harbor work
harbor work harbor work harbor work
4.500.000 4.000.000 3.500.000 3.000.000 2.500.000
December
October
November
August
September
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
2.000.000
(ships) wave power
(ships) wave power
wave pressure
source: portdebarcelona.cat
ships power (ships)- wave wave power
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energy production: DURING THE SEASONS
WINTER
energy harvesting rate: high medium
section 1
low section 2
section 3
section 4
section 5
section 6
section 7
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WINTER
SUMMER SUMMER
EVENTS EVENT
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energy Floors BARCELONA 20.08.2115 I 22:00
At night the structurre is illuminated by the piezoelectricity. People walking on it can see their own energy footprint. Each foot step creates between 2 and 20 Joules.
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final structure GOING FURTHER
By slicing the structure the harbor if no covered anymore by a thick skin, but a translucent structure that merges with the surrounding. Through the steps and gaps, the space is defined and easier accessible. The steps invite to sit or to climb up on top of the structure. The arms reach like feathers into the water. The structure provides shelter from rain in winter and shading in summer. Through the gaps natural air ventilation is maintained. The stripes can move individually or in groups. Therefore a high flexibility to react to needs is given.
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The surface shapes the harbor in a constant change. Just like the surronding is changing by incoming and departing ships. Docks and quays are created when boats arrive and want to set. If they only want to make a short stop over, instant islands are created.
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intelligent harbor
The harbour is not an alienated element in the site anymore. The
continuous landscape
landscape reaches continouosly from the ocean up tho the mountain, the structure is embedded inbetween the two natural elements.
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a new attraction The harbour is not an alienated element in the site anymore. It is not only an entrance of the city but an attraction itself.
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Barcelona 25.05.2115 soccer match
2 days - 2 scenarios
Barcelona 21.06.2115 promenade
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# 04 CONCLUSIONS Barcelona 2115
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Conclusion THE WORLD OF TOMORROW
We do not know what the world or Barcelona will look like in 100 years. The Landscape of Experience is an attempt to draw the outline of the future shape of Barcelona. Following the population graphs today, the city will grow and expand rapidly. The site of el Morrot will not be the edge of Barcelona anymore but a whole new district embedded in the city pattern. The cities future image will be shaped by mega structures. The future buildings will have multiple functions. Spaces will be fluent. Inside and outside, public and private, industrial and commercial, the structure will blur. Through sensors and processors the structure will have intelligence, allowing it to respond to the conditions and react to the necessities. Kinetic structures allow the movement and changes. We do not know the future. But we can imagine it and our imagination will shape the world of tomorrow. The future starts today.
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Barcelona 2115
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# 05 REFERENCES
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References links: www.iaacblog.com/rs1intelligentcities/2015/06/landscape-of-experience/ www.youtube.com/ watch?v=YnkvrzFB08c http://3d.cl3ver.com/GE147 sources: http://www.portdebarcelona.cat Archigram: A walking City www.atnight.ws: data mapping www.energy-floor.pr.co http://www.sustainabledanceclub.com/products/sustainable_energy_floor/
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