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OXFORD ENCLISH tsBN 978-0-1 9-423623-2
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SCOT LA N D \trfhatdo you think of when you hear rhe name 'scotland'? Golf? Tartan? Bagpipes?The Loch Ness Monsrer? These are all part of Scotland - but there is much more too. There are old castles and exciting new buildings. There are beautiful queens, brave kings - and a very famous James Bond. There are cities with great shops and museums, and quiet islands where you see nobody all day.There are long, long summer days, and in the middle of winter, when the days are short and dark, one of the biggest street parties in the wodd! Welcome ro a very speci al country...
OXF oI{
I) BO O KW O R
--
MS L I I ] R A R Y
Factfiles
Scotland Stage1 (400headwords)
FactfilesScries Editor: (lhristinc l.irrclon
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CONTE N TS IN TR OD U C TION
1. A specialcountry
1
2 Scotland'spast
-) 9
J
Edinburgh
4 Glasgow
t2
5 Four Scottishcities
15
6 Highlands and islands
18
7 Sport and free time
22
8 Five great Scots
25
9 Food and drink
29
10 Scotlandand the world
.f .)
11 Scotlandtoday and tomorrow
38
r sBN:978 o 19 4236232 A complete recording of this Bmkwoms edition of scotlaf,d is available in a CD pack rsBN gz8 o ag 423626 Z
G LOSSAR Y
40
Printed in china
ACTIVITIES: Before Reading
43
Word count (main text): 5,150
ACTIvrrrES: While Reading
44
A C T I v r r l E S : A f t e r R e ad i n g
48
A B O U TT H E A U T H O R
5l
A B O U TT H E B O O K WOR M S L IBR AR Y
52
For more infomation on the Oxford Bookwoms LibEw. visit w.oup-com/bmkwoms AcKNow;EDcEMENTs nl$vatim poge4 W Peter Bull Thepublrtws wmld likr to thank the follruirrgfor pemKim tn relmdw images: Almy Images pp10 (Tafta kiltsPeter Scholey), 14 flemom0,leil McAlister), 15 (Aberden Hubou/ David Robertson), 18 (Stem tnin/Blackout Conepts), 19 (Heather/David BGg), 21 (Callanish Standing Stones/nagelesttrk.com), 23 (White mter kayaking/Arch White), 27 (Old Bessprctotyp€ stem engine/ The Print Collector), 28 (Sherlock HolmesPictorial Press Ltd), 29 (Brod/avara images), 31 (Des*rts/ Simon Reddy), 35 (The Camegie Library of Pittsburg{Andre Jemy); Bridgemn Aft Libmry Ltd pp27 0mes Watt (17361819),after William Bschey (17531839),Paruidge, John (U9G1872) / Scottish National Poftrait Callery,Edinburgh,Scotland),33 (lmhaberNo More,1883,Nicol,Johnwatrcn/@The neming-Wfold Aft Foundation): Cephas Pictw Libmry p32 (Whisky distillery/Joris Luyten); FLPAp19 (Red deer/Desmond Dugan): G€tty Images pp2 (Otrshore drilling rigsfmn Hawkes/Risr), 3 (Hadrim's Wal{Adam W@lfitt/X.obeft Harding Wdld Img€ry), 6 (Mary Sturt (1542{7)Frmcois Clouetfhe Bridgeman Art Libmry), 9 (Edinbugh CasttelXathy Colltu/fni), 12 (White Stu liner Quen Mary/ Hulton A(hive), 14 (Ranges football spporte6/AFP), 20 (Fingalk Cavefin Richadmnf.lational Geogxaphic), 34 ([nrigrants at Glasgow dcksftlulton Archive), 35 flartm Day Pmde), 38 (Scottish Parliament Debating Chamber/Xathy Collimphotographet's Choie); OUP pp43 (clenc@, Scotlmd/ Digital Vision), 43 ('lhrtan/Corel), 43 (Maftirombe Beach/Corel),43 [Ihe Roud Tows in Windsor), 43 (lake District/Digital Vision), 43 (Buck Island/Photodisc); Photolibmry p26 (Haggis ceremony/Anthony Blake/Fresh trood hDages):Punchsttrk p16 (toch NessPhotodisc); Rex Featres pp8 [Ihe abmdoned villilge Rirsg Buidhe/Design Pic lnc), 36 {Sem Comery/Jmes Fmser); Scoftish Viewpoint pp (Eilem Domn Cilstle/Colin Patesonidw.scottishviewpoint.@m), 11 (Edinburgh Military Taftm),22 (St Axlrcws golf course), 24 (Higlrfand Cmes), 25 (Charlotte Square), 30 (Sconish fish); The Royal G)llc(1i(n l'i(1urc l.ibrary p7 flhe Batde ofCullodenfhe Royal CoUection@ 2009 Her Majesryquen Elizabeth II).
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tl r. Il rri tccl Ir.i ngcl ont ([:rru . lr r ncl , Scot l. r r r r l, \ \ 'r r lt 's, r r r r t l \,r' rl rcr-n Ircl rl nrl). \t' otl rtncl i s i n thc i ,rr n,,r't lr r vr 'st of I r r r r ) |. ( . l) ( . t \ \ r , L, n tl r, ,' \tl .urti c ()ce rtrrrurtl thc \o r r lr \ t . . r . lr is olr r . n . , , 1, . 1 . ur . l r' ,r' (' \, rtl t(l i t r:ri ns e l ot i n s()nt( l) iu- t \ ol t lr t , r ( ) r r ) ll'\ . llr r t t lt , ' l rt oP l t' of S eotl l rrrrll oi c tl rci r c( ) unt l'r , r 'lnr l nr r 'ln\ \ r r it or ', l , \totl rrrrrl l ovc i t too. Il rcr'lor e r lr c lr er t t r t r l't rlr l ills r r r r t l tn,,rrn[r' ti nsoi tl re n()rth. thc scr r , r n. l t he lJ( X)islr r nr ls,r r r r t l tl r, si r ci ti cs - L:cl i rrl rrrl gh,('l. r seou. , \ bcr - clt , , - 'n. l) unr lt r ', I nr t' rrress,rrntl S ti ri i ng. 1' hc c() r . r r rf \ i s spccir J r ur t l \ eou islr l rt oIl t' i l r-c spcci rrl tot,: oi ten \ \ 'lr r nr ilnr l ir i( 'nr . ll\ : Il rt' t' c rtt-t' ,tl .torrtfi vc nti l l i o r r l) r 'oplc in Scot lr t nt l. \ lost \r .l s l i r c i n the so rrt h. i rr or nc lrr t he [ r ig e it ies of F- t linlr t r r slr i l r(l (;l :l \g()\\' . \l ost oi thc nt lr 't h of r hc L( ) ul) t r \ i: r ur - r , rl rl )l \ i n()t nri l l rI l )eoP l e l i V c t he r e. .\ \totti sl t 1.,c1' s1;;1 rs el sr, ,, r t llcr lr r Scot . l. t r t i. , r r ( , nt t t ( ) l r.rl l . .rl rout rr .teofcl r l )cl -s()n:Scot t , lrnt ( ': ln\ r r lr iskr . . r t lr . inl< rrr.r,l , i rr S eotl rrnrl . S cotti sh 1'r co1. lcr r r - t lll. it ir lr , l't t cr r r r st , .tl .uttl i s P rtrt ol (i rcrrt lir it lt r r r . I r r r t \ ( ) r r nt u\ t n( ) r ". ,.rl l \.,tti sh P eopl t' l .ngl rsl r! Thc Set ) r \ . ln( l r ir c l. nLllislr r r , , I i I I r.t'eI I t .
These days everyone in Scotland speaksEnglish, but
2
Scotla nd'spast
at one time, people in the north and west of Scotland did not speak English. They had a different language, a
Scotland is the oldest country in the world. \7hy? Because
language called
the hills of the north-west and the Hebridean islands are
Gaelic. About 60,000people
more than 2,700 million yearsold. You can walk on some
- L per cent of the people
of the oldest rocks in the world there.
beautiful
in Scotland - speak Gaelic
People first lived there 9,000 years ago. At Skara Brae
now. But many more want
on the Orkney Islands, in the far north of Scotland,
Gaelic in their lives because
you can see the houses of early people from about five
it is part of the story of
thousand years ago. The housesat Knap of Howar, also
Scotland.
on the Orkneys, are the oldest in Europe.
Scotland is not a very hot
The Romans went to Scotland, but they did not
country. In the summer the
stay there for long. Between AD 122 and 1.28they built
days are long and it can be
Hadrian's Wall. It was 1.L7kilometres long, and went
warm. But in the winter the days can be just sevenhours
from seato seaacrossthe most northern part of England. The Romans stayedin England for nearly three hundred
long, and it often rains.
years until about an 400, and then they left and went
For many years,Scotland was a poor country, but now things are better for most people. There is oil and gas in the sea between Scotland and Norway. Edinburgh is an important place for money, and there are big banks there like the Royal Bank of Scotland. People in many countries drink Scotch whisky, and the whisky business makes a lot of money for Scotland. Tourists visit this beautiful country and that brings money to Scotland too. Many people love living and working there, and more than 20 million visitors go to Scotland each year.
back to Rome. Today you can visit Hadrian's Wall in the rrorth of England and walk along parts of it.
Scotldnd'spast
Who were the first Scots? The pcople trorth of 'Wall wcre called Picts by the Romatrs.NUccrrtr Hadrian's still seesomeof their story in their picturesin stone.Btrt there wcre irlso Scotti from lreland (the name 'Scotlltlcl' comes from the Scotti), Vikir-rgsfrom Norway, and sotlrc
,'4
English people from the sollth. These different peoprles came under one kir-rgin the fl00s.The first king of all the
:q
Scots,many peoplesay,was KennethMacAlpin. He was king from tl43 to 851i.But the most famous Scottishking of this eerrlytime is Macbeth (1040-1057).Hc is frttrrotts wrote abottt hirtt. F<lrSltrtkcsl'rcere , becauseShakespeare Macbeth was a very bacltrtlrtt- bttt hc wlls ll()t w()rscthilll 'tl*ivr'rDea :i:tai j
'-+\
Scotland. One important Scot wrrs Williern Wallece (about 1270-1305).You cau leartr abottt hinr irr thc film
{\
Dundee a
5t
Loch: '.---fStirling
o
Lonond
bannockburn I
-h
Ednburgh
l{i'
of thosc errrlyclays. many other kir-rgs ctt l'.nglerrcl rrtlcl There were mal-ly battles l-rctrve
Braueheart Then in 1314,the ScottishKing Robert the Bruce took his men to the Battle of Bannockburn.After the battle, 10,000 Englishmen were dead, and Robert becameone of the most important kings in the story of Scotland. Soon after, Scotland was free and stayed free for nearly three hundred years. ln 1542, a little girl called Mary became queen of Scotland: she was six days old, and only the sccotrd woman to be queenof this country.Mary Qttecttof Scots became a tall ',andbeautiful wolllrlll' bttt sot.ttcSc()tsclicl rrtlcl not want her to be clrtcctr.Mltry wcttt to I'.ttgllttlcl askedElizabeth,thc F-nglish(lrrccrr,firr lrclp, btrt she clid rrrlclclieclin not get it. She ltever rcttlrllcr.lt() Scotlrrtlcl, England after triueteeltycrtrs.Vtrt crrtrre:.ldMlry's story
Scotland'spast
In the Highlands, things were very different. After I7l4,Great Britain had German kings, from Hanover itr north Germany. Many Scots in the Highlands wanted a Scottishking - someonefrom the Stuart family like Mary and James,not a German king in London' They wanted CharlesStuart - 'Bonnie PrinceCharlie' - the grandson of the last Stuart king, Jamesthe Secondof England ar-rd the Seventhof Scotland. Charles Stuart left France arrcl came to Scotland: he wanted to be King of Scotlancllrrcl England too. But Charlesand his men lost the Battle of Culloden. near Inverness,it.t 1746. Cull<tcletlwrrstl-rclrtst big battle in Great Britain.
in Mary, Queen of Scots(Oxford Bookworms Stage 1). Mary's son James Stuart becameking of Scotland and then King James the First of England roo. In 1707, rhe two countries becameGreat Britain. In the 1700s,Scotland was more like two corrrrtrics than one: there were rich cities in the south, brrf rhcre were poor counrry people in the Highlarrcls(rhc hill country in the cenrreand the north of Scotlrrnrl).At that time, Edinburghwas one of the most importrrnl citics in Europe and many famous thinkers livcclthcrc. l'hcn in the 1800sGlasgow becamerich; people brnlr big slrips there,and later frains.So the south of Scotlrurtllr,r.lbrrsy citieswith beautiful buildings,lots of worl<,,rntl rrrorrcy.
Scotland
After the battle, the British soldierslooked frrr (lhrrrles.
#fu
4&
but he went inro the hills. The people of the Highlarrds and the islands helped him to go back ro France, bur life became difficult for them after that. The British soldiers stayedin the Highlands, and took away houses and land from the friends of CharlesStuart. After this many poor families left the Highlands and wenr to the cities in the south of Scotland,or to other countries- the USA, Canada, Australia,and New Zealand. Some went becausethey wanted to begin a new life, but others went becausethe rich owners of the land in Scotlandwanred ro put animalsthere.Between1840and 1880,40,000people left just one island - the island of Skye. Life becamemore difficult in the 1900s,but oil and gas in the North Seabeganto bring money to Scotlandagain in the 1.970s. Let's look now at someof rhe famous places in the Scotland of today.
E d in b u r g h
Many people begin a visit to Scotland in Edinburgh, the capital city.Edinburgh is an old city with many important and interesting buildings, and about 470,000people live there. After London, Edinburgh is the second city for visitorsin Britain. Come to Edinburgh by train from the south, and yott arrive at \WaverleyStation. \fhen you come out of the station, Edinburgh Castle is in front of you, high up on
10
Scotland
a hill. From the castle, you can see all over the city. You can seethe famous One O'Clock Gun - and at 1.o'clock, from Monday to Saturday,you can hear it too. It makes a very big noise! Edinburgh is built on hills, but you can walk around the city easily.From the castle, you can go down the Royal Mile to Holyroodhouse. This building, three hundred years old, is the home of Queen Elizabeth the Second when she comes to Edinburgh. This part of the city is called'the Old Town'. Then take a walk alongPrincesStreetin'the New Town'.
Edinburgh has many wonderful things. The buildings in the New Town - in Charlotte Square, f<rr examprlc-
The New Town (1767-I84U is more than 150 years old
are very beautiful. There are very good nruscr.uns:thc
now but still has this name. Some shops havethe famous
National Museum of Scotland is uear the Royal Mile,
Scottish tartans. Each clan - a big, old Scottish family is called a clan - has its own tartan, and in the windows you
and tells you a lot about the Scotland of yesterclayarrd near the castlc, today.The National Gallery of Scotlar-rd,
can see the different tartans for famous Scottish clans.
has beautiful pictures from Scotland and from many
People with a Scottish family name can buy and wear the family tartan. (Peoplewithout a Scottish name can buy
other countries too.
and wear a tartan too!)
Festival. Singing, dancing, cinema, books, pictures, theatre - you can seeand do hundreds of different things
In August, thousandsof people come to the Edinburgh
at the festival. And also in August, every evening for three weeks, you can go to the Edinburgh Military Tattoo at Edinburgh Castle. There you can see soldiers atrd hclr music from Scotland and from lots of othcr countrics. On 31 December everyonew.lnts to bc irr tlrc city centre for the famous street pirrty for llogtttrttlily - tl'lilt is the Scottish name f<rr Ncw Yertr'slivc. llrrt tltcrc rtrc 'l'hc prrrty only 100,000tickets,ancltlrcy go vcry rluickly! begins in one ycar aud firrislrcsirr tlrc lrcxt - that is a good time!
()lttsgc,ttu
12
Gl,asgow
was the fourth largestcity in Europeaftcr Lonclorr,l'rrris, and Berlirr.Vru can seesome of thc beautiful builclirrgs from that time in GeorgeScluare . Todaythereis t.tottttttclr
Glasgow is Scotland'sbiggestcity and the thircl biggest
shipbuilding;sonrcp:rrts of Glasgow are vcry 1'roorattrl many pcople have no work. But things are changing irr (rrpersoufrorn Glasgow).'1ir Cilasgow.Ask a Glaswcginrrr
in the United Kingdom after London rrnd Birmingham.
them, Glasgow is the fricndliestcity in Britairr,rrnclonc
About 630,000peoplelivein the city and about 1.2million
of thc most excitingcitiesin Britain too.
in and near it. It is not very far from Edinburgh- rrbont lifty minutesby train - but it is very different.
Thcrc arc lots of things to do at night in (ilrrsgorv. It is perhaps tht: bcst city irr Britirin rftcr Lorrclorrfirr
The Rivcr Clydc runs throlrgh the centreof Glasgoq
shopping t<lo. Like Eclirrburgh,it rs rr grccrrcit1,.It lr,rs
atrdit has an important prrt in the story of Glasgow.Two
seventyparks, and you catt <,ftenscc thc lrills f-rorrrtlrt'
hurrdredycars ag(), Glasgow was a snrall t<lwn. Then,
ccntre of the cit,v.
British shiprsbegan to go all ovcr thc world. Big ships from other countrics.In the 1800s,Britain wrrsthe richest
It is a city of llr.lscunrs.Yltt crttt sr'r'rrtilrr\[rt'rttrtiIrrl picturesin thc Glasgow (.ity' MtrsctttnrtttrlArt ( irrllu'r; anciin the Burrell (,ollectionirnclPollok Horrsc,s()utlr()i
country in thc world. Shipbuildingbec:rmeveryimporrerrt
thc Clvde.
crlmeLrpand down thc Rivcr Clycle.They carrieclthings
anclGlasgowbecamea city of shipbuilders.At onc tinre it
It;â&#x201A;Ź
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t rar5,
c it ie s Fou rS c o t t is h Aberdeen,with 192,000preoplc,is the third biggestcity hunclredyearsago Mackrntoshand threefriendsbegan:r
in Scotland.It is in the eastof the coLlntry,on the North Sea,and it is betweentwo rivcrs- tl-reDce irnclthe l)orr.
new look in building:art uouveau.Much of Mackintosh's
Fishing and shipbuilclirrgwere once irlrportrult l)('r'(',
best work is in Glasgow. His Glasgow School of Art
but now it is fantousas thc oil capitrrlof tltt'IIh. liorrts
is on Renfrew Street. After you visit it, yoll can have a coffee at the Willow Tea Rooms, zrlsoby Mackintosh, on
and planesleaveAbcrclccncvcrv tlrtl lor tltt'oil rtrrtl1i:ts ttt.tttr fieldsof the North See.lt lt,tstrt,, ttttitt't'sittts,.ttttl
SauchiehallStreet.
w onc' l erful p:rrks l rtrcl e, t r . lct t s. I lr t ' t t t t lsit t r t t t t r \ lt t t it '
It is the city of CharlesRennie Mackintosh. About a
Lcnncl x ar-rclE vel yrr (i lcr r r r ic lr ot h cot t r c lt '. , t t t r \ lt . . 't . . 1. 't 't t .
ArrclGlasgow is, of collrse, a big football city. Yclucan watch GlasgowCeltic at Ccltic Park,or GlasgowRangers at the Ibrox Stadium, on Saturdays between August
Aberdeen
aucl May.
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Highlands and islands
Hi g h ta nds and i s tands
le
Do you love to be out of the cities, walking, climbirrg, looking for birds and animals, or taking photos?Thcrr the Highlands are for you. The mountains are not very high - Ben Nevis, the highest in the UK, is 1,344metresbut they can be difficult. Sometimescold weather comes from the north, so walkersand climbersneedto be careftrl
Hig h [ a n d S
rh e H i g h l a n d is, r-rth en or r handwest
of Scotland, are a special part of the world. There are not a lot of people here - only eight people per square kilometre - but there is a lot of beautiful country, with lochs, rivers, and hills. The Highlands have two of the most wonderful train journeys in the world: from Invernessto Kyle of Lochalsh, and from Fort William
in the winter, and in the summer too. 'What can you see in the Highlands?There arc rr()t many trees on the hills, but there is bentrtiftrlhertthcr' The water in the lochs is colcl atlcl clrrrk. llccl clccr rtttt crtglcs acrossthe hills, and perhapsyotl crll scc g<tlclctt high up in the sky.'Whenyou leavethe rorrcl,y()tl rlre s()()ll in empty country; there is nothing but the hills errcltlrc sky,the birds and the animals.
to Mallaig. Or visitors can go by road past the beautiful Loch Lomond to the mounrainsat Glen Coe.
;ef;
20
lstandS
Scotland
Highlands and islands
Scotland hashundreds of islands. andlife
is different there. The island towns are small. On some islands, like Skye and the islands of the Hebrides, many of the people speak Gaelic. On the islands of Lewis and Harris, some people do not work, drive, or watch TV on Sundays. In the north, the islands of Orkney and Shetlandarc nearer to Norway than to London. From Oban in the west of Scotland you can go to some of the islands in the Inner Hebrides.Here you can seesea animals like seals.From Mull you can go to seethe beautiful caves of Staffa, or you can visit Iona. Saint Columba came to the small island of Iona from Ireland in 563, and began to teach people about Christianity. Today Iona is an important
Christian centre
and half a million people go there every year. The bodies of
Kenneth MacAlpin
and
other Scottish kings are here on lona. You can also go to Skye,perhapsthe most famous and the most beautiful of the islands of Scotland, and see the dark mountains called the Cuillin near the sea.
.lt
From Ullapool, you can go acrossto Lewis in the Ottter Hebrides.There are long, white, empty beacheshere ancl the 5,000-year-oldstone circle at Callanish. There are fifty standingstonesat Callanish. Time goesmore slowly in this quiet, specialplace.
22
ry g
Sport and free time
Sportandfreetime
-:.)
football too, and it is an important sport in Scotland.Irr 1990 Scotland beat England,'Wales,Ireland, and France at rugby - and every year the Scots want to do this again! But now Italy plays too, so they need to beat five countries, not four.
Many Scottish people love sporr, and in Scotland many people play golf - the rich and the nor so rich. Golf began
Scotland'shills and mountains are good for sports too - walking, climbing, cycling, and more. And there are
in this country, and the golf capital of Scotland is St Andrews, a small university city near Edinburgh. There
lots of exciting sports on, in, and under the water, in the
are more than four hundred golf coursesin Scotland, and
fast river, for example, or out to sea. The rain does trot
many of them are very beautiful. In the summer, when
matter when you do these sports!
the days are long, you can play from sevenin the morning
Between May and September,
to ten at night.
lochs, rivers, and the sea. You can take a kayak down a
in more than a hundred diffe rerrt placesin Scotland, peoplc tttcct at a Highland Games- rr fcstivel of Scottish sports and nrusic. You can see big men tossing the caber,listen to Scottish music on the bagpipes,and watch Scottish dancing. Not all Scots men have kilts, but more and more of them wear one sometimes, and lots of
people wear kilts to the
Games. When a Scotsmanwears Football is also very imporrant: in 2006 Scotland had
a kilt, he is saying, 'I like being
the tenth highest number of football clubs of any country in the world. Celtic and Rangers are the biggest and the
Scottish.'A kilt needsabout six
most famous Scottish clubs but others like Aberdeen also
the big clans - like Clan Donald, Mackenzie. or Stewart - has a
do well in Scotland and in Europe. The Scots play rugby
metres of tartan. When one of
25
To s s ingt he c aber
FivegreatScots
*
S cotl and i s not e l ' ti tl ctt t t r r t t 'r ', t t t . l . l. , . . ', t t , r t lr . t vt 'lt t r t t t t peopl e, but thcrc i tl ' (' l l rrlll\ I illll( ) u\ , t t t t l it t t Pt ) ll. llll \ ( ( ) t \ . H ere are fi vc < l f the nr. R obert A dam
(1728-1792) nr r r r lt ' sor r r t ' , I
t lr t ' lr t 'st
bui l di ngs i n Great B ri tai n ir - rt he secot t clh: r ll'ol't lr t ' l7( X) s. H e w ent to school ernduniver sit y in L, cliubt t r gh,at r r l t lt t 't t to R ome for fi ve years to lear t r about t he buildings t lt cr c. Then he came back to Br it ain. He wor kecl on t he Ncw Tow n i n E cl i nburgh and you can see buildings by him ir r C harl otte S quare. There ar e m any bear - r t if ulbuildings by A dam i n F,ngl and and Scot land. People com e f r ont it ll over EuroL-reancl America to look at them.
big meetir-rg,people come from rnllr.rycoul'ltries.lvlany of them wear kilts in the clrtrrtrrrran when they come. - has 4,000families. One clan ir-rthe USA - (llrrn [)orrrrlcl Their fanrilics went fronr Scotlrrnclto the USA perhaps 150yerrs rluo,but they still wrlltt to be Scottish.
Fiue great Scots
27
Scottish food), drink whisky, and say poems by Br-rrns. And at midnight on 31 December in many Englishspeakingcountries, people sing the words of Burns whcn they sing Auld Lang Syne' (the name of the song means somethinglike'long long ago'). James 'Watt (1736-1819)was born in Greenock near Glasgow and did not often go to school when he was ir child: he stayedat home and his mother was his teacher. Watt was a quick thinker and he liked to build things with was a great thinker and David Hume (171.1.-1775)
his hands. He got work building things for the te:rchcrs
writer. People still read and talk about his books today
at the University of Glasgow.There he becanrcirrtcrcstctl
becausethey are so important. He also wrote a very long History of England - at that time, the most important
in steam engines.He l'rcgrrrr rr busirrcsswith lris fricrrrl
book of this kind. Hume went to the University of
Matthew Boulton,rrrrcl frorrr l7L)lto lll24 thcy rrr:rtlcI , lr'r,l (ilcrrt llritrrirrrrrrrl steamengines.Theseengirrcsclrrrrrlic.l
Edinburgh when he was twelve years old. Later he went
the world. After Watt, thc worlrl wrrs;r rlil'l'crtrrtpl;rct'.
to Franceand made friends with famous Frenchthinkers like Voltaire and Rousseau.His most important book is A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-1740). The next great Scot is Robert Burns (1759-1796); the Scotscall him Robbie or Rabbie Burns. He was born into a poor country family, the oldest of sevenchildren, near Ayr in south-west Scotlar-rd.He began writing poems when he was still a boy.He wrote about important things - about life and love, rich people and poor people, and Scotland. His words still speak to us today and many Scotslove his poenrs. Burns was born on 25 January, and that night is called Burns Night by the Scots. On Burns Night there are specialdirrnersnot just in Scotlandbut for Scottish people in other countries too. They eat haggis (a special
28
l9
Scotldnd
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930)was born in
+1
Edinburgh, went to the University of Edinburgh, and
Foodand drin k
became a doctor. But he did not make much money as a doctor so he began to write stories about a detective called Sherlock Holmes. Soon Sherlock Holmes was (lonan Doylc becamerich and famous too. frrmousrrrrc.l
FOOd
In the earl i cst dr r ys Scot t islr pcoplc r o. l< r lr t 'ir '
He wrotc many stories about Holmes and his friend 'Watson, Dr and also wrote stories about a man called
and the ri vcrs cl ttttc fi sh, r t nr l l'r 'ot t tt lr t 'l; t nt l t lr t 'r 't 1ot lr r r it ,
ProfessorChallenger.
vegetabl es, rtnrl ttrt' l rt. l \n. l t lr . 'r 'g, ) t ( ) : r t \ lr or r r t lr t l. r r r . , l
food fronr the serr,tl re river s, , r ncl t hc lr ur r l. lr r . <) nr t lr . . 't t ', r
too. They macl e tl tci r l r t 'er t t llt ', ) nr ( ) ir t s, iur ( l t lr ( '\ 'nr . r ( l( ' porri dge from oats :.' urcl u 'et cr kr r r r lr ol br r ', r lil. r st .
There are films of many SherlockHolmes stories,and you can read some of them in Bookworms: Sherlock Holmes and the Duke's Son and Sherlock Holmes and the Sport of Kings (Oxford Bookworms Stage1). Do you know any other great Scots?
P eopl e sti l l crrt rrl l ol ' t lr t 'st 'llr r nlit
r n St , ll, r r r t l lot l; l\ ',
but they erl t l tew tl ri ngs too. l'r 'or r r l( ) (}( ) ( ) n, lu, t n\ ' l) ( '( ) l) l( ' began to conrc to S t' otl , r r r . llr '. ) nl ( ( ) lnllr it 's lilit lt , t lr ' , t nt l Indi a, and thcy brorrght t lillt 'r ', 'r r t l''t l
r vit lr t lr . 'r r r .
30
Foo d t nt l dr ir r l<
Scotlttncl
Thcre is a lot of good food in Scotlatrcl.It is famons
in some parts of Glasgow they only live to fift1 l.,rn.
for its fish, like salmon and haddock, and for other food
Better f<lclclis very importaut for Scottishpeople torlrtv
from the sea.Fish farnringis very important for Scotland;
and tomorrow.
it giveswr>rk to rrbout 6,000 people, and brings lots of money iuto the country.Thcn there is Scottishbcef - the bcst beef in thc world, the Scotssay- and haggis,made
C ranachan and raspberries
from meat, oats, and other things. Scottish raspberries are also very good; the Scotslike to make a dish called cranachan with raspberries,oats, and whisky. People near with lots of money can go to a hotel like Gleneagles, Perth- perhapsthe most famous hotel in Scotlarrdtoday. Ithas 232 bedrooms,three golf courses- and some of the bestScottishfood.
4
f
\
Df in k rn . wo rd ' w h i s k y ' c o m e sf r . n r t h . ' ( , . r t ' l r t - the water of life. Whisky- rtlso.,rllt',1 'uisge-beatha' ' scotch' -
i s made i n a d ist iller y. Ther e ar e nlor c t lt r t t t ot t t '
hundred di sti l l eri es i n Scot land - som e near F- clir r br r lulr and Gl asgow i n the sout h, one on t he island of Skr r ', , ur , l three on the Orkneys i n t he nor t h. Ther e ar c t t it t t 'r 't r llt t smal l i sl and of Isl ay. Abor . r t half of t hc clist illt 'r 'i. , r r , ' ' near the R i ver S pey,east of I nver ness; t t t r t t t l vr t il, , t t lt l. , '
But good food is not a part of life for everybody in
to vi si t the di sti l l eri es th er e and t r y t hc t lil'l't 'r t 'r r tl r lt t sl.t . s.
Scotland, and some poorer Scots do not eat very well.
V i si tors toE di nburghcan visit t hcScot r lr \ \ 'lr nk t I lt r t |, t 1', t
British men usually live to seventy-sevenyears old, but
C entre near the castl e.
.tz
Scotland
\,'
Scottn a d an d t h e wo r L d
Scotlandis a srnall country. Only five million peoplc livc is there.But for millions mort: acrossthe world, Scotlrrttcl very important. Why is this? In the 1800s many people left Scotlanclrttrclwerrt t() other countries.Pcoprlcitt tl-reHighlenclslcft tht'ir'lt,rtrt..'s and villagesbccattsctltt'r' rvt'r.'\'crv l)()()l' :ltt(l lt ttttgt'r:
Whisky is good bur anorherdrink in Scotlandis berrer: water. The whisky is good becauserhe wlrer from the hills is good. On a hot day,a drink of Scottisl-r hill warer can be the bcst clrink in the worlcl.
t
$#l|
t\,1 :,.',i ilr
.t
ln l9l.r lrt' irr the USA had telephorres. call acrosstltt' nrrrclethe first telephor-re Unitecl States fron New York to Srttr Frirncisco.After he died in Cattaclrt,rrt the ageof seventy-five,all the telephorles in North America were quiet for ottc minute to rememberhim. Andrew
lcft
Scotland when he was eleveltancl wettt to the USA. Carnegieworked harcl,rttrcl
-- t -\
---_
Carnegie's family
\.\
--\'-
' Leavinsl*flff;.ad:,
by the 1880she had many l-rrtsitrcsst's and was very rich - tl-rcriclrt'stttt:tttitt rtt,tl<itttl' the worlcl. Whcrt hc st,,1't1t.'.1 hc
Sometimesthe rich people there wanred them ro leave. Marry others from the south of Scotland left because they wanted a better life in a new country. Between the 1820sand 7914,more than two million peoplewenr from Scotland acrossthe seasto the United States,Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. More went in the 1920s. Today there are six million Scottish Americans in the USA. Every year many people wirlk through New York on 6 April - Tertrrn Dey. A lot of ScottislrAnrcricansgo back to Scotlerrcl its t()rrrists.'['lrr'],rvrrnt to find their past nn.l to un(l('r\trln(lit. So Scotlrrucl is intl)()t'r:u)t irr tlrc st()ryof other collntries too. Two great Scotsirr thc USA rrrc AlexanderGraham Bell (1847-1922)anclAnclrcw,(.rrrncgie(1837-1919).Bell made the first telephonc.Hc begrrrrthe Bell Telephone Company in 1877,and by 188.5nrorethan 150,000people
g a l 'c
his
( , l r r t t c gi t''s
tttr ttt.'t ttl ( ,tt( '\'
to
o tl tt't' lrrlilt
p t o p l t'. t., l l ,,,,l t,
36
Scotland
Scotlantl trntl t ltt rlt,t l,l
r\lt'tt.r Zambia and Zimbabwe, and the first to go i.rcr()ss from the Atlantic in the west to the Indian Ocealr itt tltt' east. Alan Bean (1932-) is a Scottish Amcrican. Wherr he went to the moon in 1969 only the fourth man to walk on the moorr - he took some tartan with him. Scotslike to so to new places! Who is the most famous Scot in the world toclay? To many people it is thc film strr Sean Scrtn (lotttrcrv Conr-rery(1930-). did a lot of cliffcrerrti.lrs ['t'l,t't' he began w<lrkirrgitt tclt'r'isiotr and cinema.Therr irr l96l lt..'rr',tt James Bor-rdin thc lirst.frttttt's Bond film, Dr Nr.,. Aiter tlris he was famous evcrywhcre. I lc made six more JamesBorrdfilnrs, and maclemany other films after that. To many pcople, his best universities,and other buildings in the LISA, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and lreland. Tlrcieyhis money
filrn is The Untouchables 0,987).
still helps millions of people around rhe world every year.
and doesnot live in Scotland,but
Many Scots love to visit other countrics and do new things. David Livingstone (1813-1873)went to Africa to
does not want it to be part of the
begin schoolsand to tell Africarrsabout Christianity.Hc was thc first European to seethe Victoria Falls, betwcen
Connerydoesnot makefilms now he lovesScotlandvery much and UniteclKinsdom.
38
tru
Scotland t <tday and l () tfi ()rr( ) ttl
Scot[a nd today andtomorrow
The story of Scotland is interesting and sometimes exciting, but it is not an easy story. Some Scots,like Sean Connery,want Scotland to be just Scotland, and nor part of the United Kingdom. Scotland is still a country of rich and poor. The past is important, but many Scots also wanr to think about Scotland today and tomorrow. The Scots in the USA, Austrafia, Canada, ancl New Zealand love the old rhings - the music, the dancing, the tartans. But many of the Scotsin Scotlandwant their country to look to rhe furure, not the past. Scotland, they say,can be like Norway - a country with five million people and with a lot of money from oil. Scotland has money from oil, fish farming, visits from tourists, barrks,compllters,and many other businesses. And there is new Iite hcrc: new business,new cinema,new music.Things are changingin Scotland. Today there is a Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh. It is in an interesting new building on the Royal Mile. People from every town and city in Scodand come here to talk about their country. Some Scots want Scotland to speak for itself, in Europe and in the world. \Whatis in the future for Scotland?Nobody knows. But it is alwaysgoing to be a beautiful, specialplace. Perhaps
il*:Jffil
39
wrtlk rtlorrgtltc Ikrt':rl Milt', clirnb thc rttt.lscc it lirr yotrrst'll'. thc islrttrcls,
40
Glossary
G L O SS A R Y also too; as well bank a building or businessfor keeping money safely battle a fight betweenarmies in a war beach the place where you can walk next to the sea beat to win a fight or game become to grow or change,and beginto be something beef rncat fronr lr cow business buying arrdscllirrgthings;a placewherepeoplesellor mak et hings buy to give money for something capital (city) the most imporrant city in a country castle a large, stone building centre the part in the middle of something Christian following the teachingsof JesusChrist; Christianity (n) the religion that follows JesusChrist circle a round shape climb to go up towards the rop of something dance to move your body ro music difficult not easyto do empty with nothing in or on it festival a time when a lot of people come together ro havefun, make music,danceetc film a story in pictures that you seeat rhe cinema or on TV fish farming (n) breedingfish as a business food what you ear gas somerhingwith a srrongsmell that you burn to make heat golden eagle a large bird that kills small animals for food great importanr or special grey with a colour like black and white mixed together gun somerhingthat shootsout bulletsto kill people high a long way abovethe ground island a piece of land with water around it kilt a heavyskirt made of tartan
4l
king the most important rnan it.ra country life the time that you rlrc alive; the way that you live marmalade a soft swcct food made from sugar with orangcsor lemons a very high hill museum a placewhereyou can look at old or interestingthings music when you sing or play an instrument,you make music; mountain
musician (z) a person who makesmusic oats a plant with seedsthat are used as food oil a thick liquid that comesfrom under the ground, usedfor energy parliament the pcoplewho makethe laws in a country park a largeplacc with trccsitttclglrdcns whcrepcoplc crtr'lg() to walk, play glnrcs ctc part one of the picccsof sotrrctllillg place wheresomething<lrsotrtclrotlyis poem words written in lir.rcsitt ittt rtrtisticw;ty poor with very little money queen the most important woman itl :t eotttltry rock the very hard materialthat is itt thc grotttttl school a place where people go to learn soldier a person in an army special not usual or ordinary sport a game like football, tennisetc steam engine a machine that usesthe power from steam ttl d<r things story words that tell you about what happenedin a certain pl aceor ti nrc theatre st<lricspcrforttrccll'ryactors tourist a pcrs()rlwlro visits,r plrlccon holiclrry university a plrtccwltcrc pcoplc sttr.lyrlftcr tlrey lcrtvescltool i c it t k w hi sky a strongi rl cr> l roltlr w orl d the earth w i th rtl l i ts cor t t t t r icsr t t t t lpcoplt '
43
Scotland
ACTI VI TI
I lS
BeforeReading
ACTIVITIES I Match the words to the pictures.You can usea diction:rry. llwall
2Ibeach
3Etartan
4lisland
5Imountain
6 lcastle
You will find eight of thesewords in the book. Which oncs do vou think you will find?Whv?
n foothall I oil I guitar
E ship fJ 1'',rrty ! solclicr'
E tclcl'tltotrc
I t cr r t t is
I Irrrrrbrrl:rtcr' I t llink [ ] tl t'tt'ct i vc
l: t pplt 's
.W : h ile Reading AcrtvtrlEs
44
ACTIVITIES
\X/hileReading
Read Chapters 3 and 4, then circlea, b, or c. 1 -is the capitalcity of Scotland. c) London b) Edinburgh a) Glasgow 2 The a) Royal
counrry.
3 4 5 6 7
Scotlandhas about S0I 800islands. A personfrom Scotlandis a ScotI Scotch. Scottishpeople areBritish I English. Today everyonein Scotland speaksGaelic I English. In the past, Scotlandwas richer I poorer than it is now.
Read Chapter 2. Match thesehalvesof senrences. 1 The hills of north-westScotlandare. . . 2 Peoplefirst lived in Scotland . . . 3 The Scottishking Macbeth is famous . . . 4 Mary becamequeenof Scotland. . . 5 Englandand ScotlandbecameGrearBritain . . .
b) Old
c) Lor r g
for 3 Hogmanayis thc Scottislrttrttttc'
Mediterranean and the North Sea. Most Scottishpeople live in the north I south of the
Mile goesfrom EdinburghCastlettr
Holyroodhouse.
Read Chapter 1, then circle the correct words. 1 Scotland is a country berweenthe Atlantic I
a) Christnrits
l't)stttlltltct'
e) tll)ctt'tttlrt't'
is thc biggcstcity irr Scotl;rrttl. a) Edinburgh b) llirrrrirrghrrrrr () (il;lsgorv riclt bctrtttst' 5 In the 1800s,Glasg<lwstarteclto l'rccottte
4
peoplethere. b) had festivals a) built ships 6 GlasgowCeltic and Glasgowa) United
b) Rangers
c) founcloil are footb:rlltcilllls. c) CitY
Read Chapters 5 and 6. Complete the sentenceswith thc correct places. AberdeenI Ben NeuisI DundeeI the HighlandsI InucrncssI lonalLewislStirling 1 Boatsand planesleave-
everyday for the oil and gas
fieldsof the North Sea. is famous all overthe world.
6 After the Battleof Culloden . . .
2 Marmalade from -
a in 1707.
everySepten-rber. 3 A lot of bagpiperscome to . 4 Mary becamequeenof Scotlandat -castle
b becauseShakespeare wrote about him. c when shewas six daysold. d more than2,700 million yearsold. e many poor familiesleft the Highlands. f about 9,000yearsago.
-15
5 You can seelochsand hills, and deer ar-rdeaglcs,itt the highestmountainin the UrritcclKitrgtlottr' 6 -is 7 The bodiesof many Scottishkings arc ort stouecirclcott 8 There is a 5.000-vear-old
46
Read Chapter 7. There is one mistake in each sentence. Write the correct senrences. 1 Golf beganin England. 2 Glasgowis the most important placefor golf in Scotland.
.t'
ACTtvr'uti.s:W lt i I c lit',ttl i rty
Acrtv lrtF.s: W h il e Reading
trtrc ( | ) ol l;rlrc (l')? ReadChapter9. Are thesesentences rllr(l\\'.ll('t. 1 Peoplemakeporridgefrom vegetablcs l.t'orrrlt,rlt' 2 After 1900,many peoplecameto Scotlrttrcl and India.
3 Celtic and Rangersare famous cyclingclubs.
3 Fish farming is very important for Scotland. 4 Gleneaglesis a cheaphotel near Perth.
4 BetweenMay and September,peoplemeet ar the Island
5 Men in someparts of Glasgowhavea shorter life th,rrr
Gamesin more than a hundred differentplacesin Scotland. 5 A kilt needsabout two metresof tartan.
most British men. 5 The word whisky comesfrom the Gaelicfor'water of the hills'.
6 The Clan Donald familieswent from Scotlandto England about 150yearsago. Before you read Chapter 8, think about the chapter title, Fiue Great Scots.Do you know any famous people from Scotland?Why are they famous? Are they people from history,or are they still alive?
Read Chapter 8. Answer the questions.
Read Chapter 10. Choosethe best questionword for thesc questions,and then answerthem. How many lWhat l.Who l'Why 1 . . . peoplelive in Scotland? 2 . . . did Alexander Graham Bell make? 3 . . . was the richestman in the world in the 1fitlOs? 4 . . . did David Livingstonego to Africa? 5 . .. did Alan Beantaketo thc rrlootrin 1969?
1 Why did Adam Smith go to Rome?How long did he stay 2 How old was David Hume when he went to university?
Read Chapter 11. Complete the summary with these words.
3 Where did Hume meet Voltaire and Rousseau?
free, future, loue, oil, part, people, Scottisb,tartan
there?
4 \)fhat do peopleeat and drink at a Burns Night dinner? 5 \X/hendo peoplesing Auld Lang Syne'? 'What 6 did JamestX/attlike to do when he was a child? 7 Vhat did JamesS7attand Matthew Boulton make? 8 Which universitydid Arthur Conan Doyle go to? 9 \Jfhat was Arthur Conan Doyle's firsr job? 10 tWhatwas the name of SherlockHolmes's friend?
The Scotsin the USA and Canada-
the old things,
irr But many of the ttot f ltc Scotlandwant their country to look to the -, peopledo not want Scotlatrclto l'rcpast. Somelike Scottishdancingand -.
of the United Kingdom. They want it to I'rcrl with a lot of money from -.
c()tllltry'
48
.tc/r \ '/ l t t , \ :i\ f l( r / ( r ', r , / lr r , q
49
U se the cl ues bel ow t o com plct e t lt is clossr vot 't lr vit lt r vt t r ds from the story. Then f ind t he hiddcr r r t it t c lct lcl r vor t l'
ACTIVITIES
After Reading Here are two postcards from different places in Scotland. Complete them using the words below. Ben, capital, Castle,eagle,festiual,film, Gaelic, highest, Highlands, hill, island, lochs, Mile, Scottish, uisitors,west Hi! 'We'ru
of staYingr in Oban, in lheweek wa lraYe//eA Llsl Saof/anL' We saw so'ne beaufifu/ fhe -. Around I an/- we aa// fhen Saofs lakes the mounfAin fhe NeYis, wa/ked- oltsaw,anWe in fha unifaA- Kinqd-on' hiah in fhe skY't Nex/ waek we'ra oJiro fo visil 1kYa, a beaufifu/-' 'sorb peop/e fhere sPeak -! Rico and ltlaraia See you!
wrote about this Scottishking. 1 Shakespeare is a big, old Scottishfamily.It has its owl.ltilrtilrr. 2 A 3 Many Scotspeoplelove the poemsof Robert -. 4 The Scotsword for the last day of the year,whetrtlrcrt'is a big streetparty in Edinburgh.
' ,]( !:.ll:j:[]' :i' lli' 1]i.,' ' ltj:i..!i!.::1iil:|' l!]]i:.l l i i ]l i ,l i l ]:::l l i
5 Cullodenwas the last big -
6 This beganto bring moneyinto Scotlandirr th.' l()"0s.
Hello!
in Edinburlhllt,r the_- citv Y.1? of ..".,H;L* t-:yft,aad we.reesoyinjthe tnere
xre tlvusards of--in tie city. there is tots to do. We watcheJl at the cineraalart ni4ht. Bz.fore that, uâ&#x201A;Ź;k ed alorl the
Royar
oA 4-.--.
to ta,"u*ti--]l
Top,ornou
. pru4icat the ;fJ:rril-tn.hea'r
Byul
in GreatBritrrirr.
Ti^a and .foe
]:.!, : i: al. ] dr 4, . . : : ] , i! . : q' . ' |+ . , . 1f . : : a|.. , 1 , {j : l r f : r 4 'n i : ! . r '] 1 i - i r l i i : : - , i : ! ;
1r
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btrilt 7 Nearly two thousandyearsago,the Ror.rrrtrrs Hadrian'sacrossthe most northcrttprlt'l()l England. irr tlrt' 1,rr11111 111 8 Somehouseson the Orkney Islartcls, 'l Scotland,are the -
ir-rEttrol're .
[t',,ttt 9 Annie Lentroxis r nrusicirttt
to".e
f
The hidden word in the crosswortlis Which city is famousfor this lixrtl?
50
ACTrv tr tF,s : Aft er Reading
51
Compare Scotland with your country. Use the information in this book. You can begin like this: There are abour five million peoplein Scotland,but in (my country) there are_people. Peoplein Scotland speakEnglish,and somepeoplespeakGaelic too. In (my country) peoplespeak_. You can write about: . food and drink . the weather . birds and animals . sports and activities . things that bring money into the country Choose a city or part of Scotland that you would like to visit (for example, Edinburgh, Skye,or the Highlands). Find some more information about it, and make a poster or give a talk to your class.Think about thesequestions: . \7hy would you like ro go there? . 'What can visitors seeand do there? . What can you find out about its history or its famous people? . What do peoplemake or do in this part of Scotland? You can find more information about placesto visit in Scotland at www.visitscotland.com and http: / / en.wikipedi a.or g/ w iki / Scotland.
ABOUT TH E A U TH OR SteveFlinders is a British trainer and writer who has livcd and worked in Pakistan, Sweden, Ireland, and France as wcll as in the UK. He now lives in the beautiful city of York in the north of England and is a director of a training company' York Associates. His wife is French-Italianand they have three grown-up sons. His main iob is teaching businesspeople and politicians in York and all over Europe. In his sparetime he likes reading, talking politics' going to the theatre,swimming, playing squashbadly,and sleeping. His other Oxford Bookworm Factfile title is The Beautiful Game (Stage2). He is not a Scot but fell in love with Scotland when, at the age of ten, he went on a camping holiday to the island of Colonsay with the Scouts.Sincethen, he has had many walking holidays there and has climbed many of its best hills. He still bclicvcsthat Scotlandis one of the most beautifulcottntriesin thc world - when it's not raining!
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O X F O RD B O O K \ r O R M S L I BRARY Classics. Crime (t Mystery. Factfiles. Fantasy(y Horror Human lnterest . Playscripts . Thriller (t Aduenture True Stories..Woild Stories The oxroto
BooKwoRMs LTBRARv providesenjoyablereadingin English, with a wide range of classicand modern fiction, non-fiction, and plays. It includesoriginal and adapted texts in sevencarefully graded language stages,which take learners from beginner to advancedlevel. An overview is given on the next pages. All Stage1 titles are availableas audio recordings,as well as over eighty other titles from Starter to Stage6. All Startersand many titles at Stages1
THE OXFORD BOOKWORMS LIBRARY GRADING AND SAMPLH, H,XTRACTS STARTER
and answersfor theseand for the activities in the books. There is advice on running a classlibrary using audio recordings,and the many ways of using Oxford Bookworms in readingprogrammes.Resourcematerialsare availableon the websire<www.oup.com/bookworms>. The Oxford Bookworms Collection is a series for advanced learners. It consistsof volumes of short stories by well-known authors, both classic and modern. Texts are not abridged or adapted in any way but carefully selectedto be accessiblero the advancedstudent.
? .5 O H F]AD \JU OR D S
- inrpcrlltivepresentsimple - present c()lltiltl'l()Lls gcrtrnds" ' (future) sitnplc canlcannot,must - going to Her phone is ringing - but where is it? Sally gets out of bed and looks in her bag' No
phone'
She looks under the bed. No phone' Then she looks behind the door. There is her phone. Sally picks up her phone and answersit. sally'sPhone S T A G E T o 4 OOH EAD WOR D S
to 4 arespeciallyrecommendedfor younger learners.Every Bookworm is illustrated, and Startersand Fact6leshavefull-colour illustrations. The oxponn BooKwoRMs LTBRARvalso offers extensivesupport. Each book contains an introduction to the story, notes about the author, a glossary,and activities.Additional resourcesinclude testsand worksheets,
.
... past simple - coordination with and, but, or subordination with before,after, when, because,so "' I knew
him
in Persia. He
was a famous
builder
and
I
there. For a time I was his friend, but not for long. When he canle to Paris' I camc after him I wanted to watch him' He was a vcry clcver' very dauâ&#x201A;Źierous
worked
with
him
man. The Phantom of the OPera S T A G E 2 C / QOH EAD WOR D S . . . presentperfect- will (futve) - (don't) haueto, must not, could comparison of adiectives- simple i/clauses- past continuoustag questions- askltell * infinitive . . . these words in my diary, I decided what to do. I must try to escape. I shall try to get down the wall outside' The window is high above the ground' but I have to try' I shall
While I was writing You can find details and a full list of ritles in the Oxford Bookuorms Library Catalogue and Oxford English Language Teacbing Catalogues, and on the website<www.oup.com/bookworms>.
take some of the gold with me - if I escape, perhaps it will be helpful later. Dracula
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S T A G ES o ro o o H E AD w o R D s causative - relative clauses - indirect statements .. .
to the gardeners thar they must all keep away from that part of the garden in future. The SecretGarden
I
s l A (i l r
Mary, Queenof Sc<lts
... sbould,may- present perfectcontinuous- usedto _ pastperfect_ Of course,it was most important that no one should seeColin, Mary, or Dickon entering the secretgarden. So Colin gaveorders
l ' , l { t , l ' : s l ()l { l l ' l s
BOO K\v OILM S
VI( l i \l {\'
TIM
England and Scotland in the 1.500s'J'wo frttltotts (ltrcclls - MLrry' (f the Catholic Queen of Scots,and tlizabctlr l, tlrc l)rotcstxtlt tlccll of England. It was an exciting and a dlngcr()tls rilllc to bc rrlivc, and to be a queen.
S T A G E 4 .I4 o o H EA D W OR D S . .. pastperfectcontinuous - passive (simpleforms)_ would conditionalclauscs _ - indirectquâ&#x201A;Źstions relativeswith uherelwhzr- gerundsafterprepositions/phrases ... I was glad. Now Hyde could not show his face to the world again. If he did, every honest man in London would be proud
Mary was Queen of Scotland when she was ollc wcck olcl. At sixteen, she was also Queen of France. She was tall and bcatltiful, with red-gold hair. Many men loved her and died for hcr. But she also had many enemies - men who said: 'The dcath of Mary is the life of Elizabeth.'
to report him to the police. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde FA C TFI L E S
BO oK!O O I{M S
S T A G E 5 .I8 o o H E AD WOR D S . .. futurecontinuous - futureperfect_ passive (modals,continuousforms)_ u.,ouldhaueconditionalclauses - modals{ perfectinfinitive.. . If he had spoken Estella's name, I would have hit him. I was so angry with him, and so depressedabout my future, that I could not eat the breakfast. Instead I went straight to the old house. Great Expectations S T A G E 6 .z 5 o o H EA D W OR D S ... passive (infinitives, gerunds) - advanced modal meanings _ c l a u se so f co n ce ssio n . co n d itio n
Vhen I stepped up ro the piano, I was confidenr. It was as if I knew that the prodigy side of me really did exist. And when I started to play, I was so caught up in how lovely I looked that I didn't worry how I would sound. TheJoyLuckCtub
S TA G E
I
T rl l
.Englano .l()HN
ESC OTT
Twenty-fivemillion pcoplc c()nleto England everyyear,and some never go out of Londotr. Ilut ltngland is full of interestingplaces citieswith greatshops to visit and thingsto do. Thcrc arc big r.roisy and theatres,and quict littlc villrrgcs.Yrtt cltttvisit old castlesand beautiful churches- ()r g() to fcstivrllswith ttltrsictwcnty-four itftcrttoolttcir, wrrlk otl long hours a day.You can havctrr F.llg,lish white beaches,watch a grc.ttgatrrc0f footlritll,or visit il c()uutry - wlrilt hasit got house.Yes,Englandhassotnctlrittgfor cvcrylrocly for you?
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B OOKlYORM S
F ACT F IL ES
ST A GE 2
The BeautifulGame ;T E VE F L IN D ER S Some call it football, some call it soccer, and to others it's 'the beautiful game'. By any name, it's a sport with some fascinatingstories.There is murder in Colombia, and a game that lastsfor two dayswheremany playersneverseethe ball. There'sthe French writer who learnt lessonsabout life from playing football, and the women playerswho had to leavethe club grounds because ''Women'sfootball isn't nice'. The cups, the leagues,the World Cup finals, the stars, the rules - they're all a part of the world's favourite sport, rhe beautiful game.
B O OKWORM S
F ACT F IL ES
ST AGE 2
Ireland T IM VIC AR Y There are many different Irelands.There is the Ireland of peaceful rivers, green fields, and beautiful islands. There is the Ireland of song and dance, pubs and theatres- rhe country of JamesJoyce, Bob Geldof, and Riverdance.And there is the Ireland of guns, fighting, death, and the hope of peace.Come with us and visit all of theseIrelands- and many more . . .