Understanding the city- Ahmedabad by Maitry patel

DUDHESHWAR, AHMEDABAD PORTFOLIO

PUD21418 | CEPT UNIVERSITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely thank Ar. Arjun Joshi Sir, Centre of Environmental Planning and Technology, Ahmedabad for providing me with the opportunity to present this project and deep regards for his exemplary guidance. If it were not for his constant monitoring and encouragement throughout the studio, I would have not been able to achieve success in this studio. I equally thank all the professors and teacher assistants of the CEPT university for their valuable guidance and encouragement which enabled me to overcome the obstacles that I faced throughout the endeavor. I am extremely thankful to my parents and brother for their tremendous contributions and support morally towards completion of the project. I also express my gratitude to all my friends and classmates who contributed in one way or the other for accomplishing the project.

Understanding the City Studio, M2021

PREFACE Understanding the city studio is about delayering various builtunbuilt aspects of a city. Ahmedabad’s morphology is linked to the economic role and dynamics over its modern history. The city’s growth over the periods of its history has shaped its socio-spatial patterns, which has transformed over the time, resulting in a multi nuclei and segmented city. Ahmedabad is a compact city characterised by mixed land uses, high density development and balanced street network system. Ahmedabad has historically been a rich city, based on which the modern economy has been built. The portfolio focuses on analysing Ahmedabad through demographics, built use, land use, street network, economy generation and public realm and zooming into a neighborhood of Dudheshwar. A 1 x 1 sqmt precinct of Dudheshwar in northern part of old Ahmedabad is studied through multiple lenses to understand the chronology of evolution and transformation over the period of time. At places it is also compared with 1 sqmt of another mill influenced area. Through site study, analysis and local interviews, the consequences faced by Dudheshwar are studied.

A case of Mill Influenced Transformation Understanding the City Studio, M2021

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE

LOCATING DUDHESHWAR

CHRONOLOGY OF TRANSFORMATION

INTERLINKING BUILTFORM AND LAND CHARECTERISTICS

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

About Ahmedabad Situating Dudheshwar in Eastern Ahmedabad Satellite Imagery Interpretation GIS Mapping and First Glimpse of Dudheshwar

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

Evolution and Decline of Textile Industries in Ahmedabad Spatial Growth of Ahmedabad Evolution from Industrial Rich Hub to Residential and Commercial Area Mapping Sattelite Imagery Evolution Transformation of Mills post Industrialization

Mapping the Building Footprint Evolution Affordable Land Price of Dudheshwar in Eastern Ahmedabad FSI affecting Land Use Pattern Dominance of Residential Built Typology TOD affecting Commercial - Industrial FSI and Built Use Low Rise Low Density Precinct Building and Street Visual Permiability Spatial Interrelationship of Dudheshwar

HOUSING CONDITION

DELAYERING STREETS

PUBLIC REALM

ECONOMY AND TRANSPORTATION

4.1 Housing Stock of Ahmedabad 4.2 Chawls Dominating Residential Typologies 4.3 Trade Off of Local Residents

5.1 Ring Radial Road Pattern 5.2 Hierarchy of Street Network 5.3 Inefficient Hierarchy in Street Network resulting in Low Walkability 5.4 Poor Street Density and Connectivity of Dudheshwar despite of Higher Link Nodes and Connected Nodes 5.5 Inclusivity of Streets of Dudheshwar

6.1 Privately Regulated Public Spaces 6.2 Streets are Predominant Public Spaces in Dudheshwar 6.3 Actively Used Public Space

7.1 Economy Generation in Ahmedabad 7.2 Public Transportation and Assessing Walkability in Dudheshwar

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LOCATING DUDHESHWAR

“Unlike Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, and Kanpur, Ahmedabad was not a creation of the British, but a city which, while remaining true to itself, successfully adapted to the new industrial age, carrying over commercial and industrial skills and patterns of traditional social organization. In no great city of India can the continuity of the past and present be seen as clearly as in Ahmedabad. - Gillion, Kenneth. Figure: Ariel view of Sabarmati river Source: Photography by Robert Stephens 6

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1.1 About Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad’s morphology is linked to the economic role and dynamics over its modern history. The city’s growth over the periods of its history has shaped its socio-spatial patterns, which has transformed over the time, resulting in a multi nuclei and segmented city. Ahmedabad is a compact city characterised by mixed land uses, high density development and balanced street network system. The city is divided into i) The walled city located on the easternw bank of the Sabarmati River, where different communities of Hindu-Muslims lives in cohesion in pol houses. ii) The industrial area on eastern and northern side of the walled city, which emerged due to establishment of the textile mills in 19-20th century, which were surrounded by chawls, inhabited by the working class. iii) The western city of the Sabarmati River, where the rich and the upper/middle classes and castes migrated to establish their housing societies. Figure: Location of Dudheshwar, Ahmedabad Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

1.2 Situating Dudheshwar in Eastern Ahmedabad

Dudheshwar is located in northern parts of walled city of Ahmedabad, southern to the cantontment area and on eastern banks of Sabarmati river. It is a region between old city and Gandhinagar. It is an output of influenced remain of textile industrial mills which were once the main economic generator of the Ahmedabad. It also lead to Ahmedabad being called “Manchester of India”.

Ashram Road

3.1 kms

Nehrunagar Stop

CTM Busstop

11.1 kms

Airport

Kalupur Station

9.3 kms

5.0 kms

3.8 kms

Figure: Location of Dudheshwar in satellite image Source: Google Earth 8

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1.3 Satellite Imagery Interpretation

On northern side of walled city, Dudheshwar is a textile mill influenced area. Its accesibility is quite good as it is located in eastern Ahmedabad and has direct access to Dadhichi Rishi Bridge that connects eastern and western side of the city. Railway station and Airport being in close proximity the area is well accesible to the tourists. The precinct in its north western part is connected via Dadhichi Rishi Bridge and Delhi Darwaja towards southern side. Observing the area through satellite imagery, Dudheshwar has variety of building footprints comprising of large commercial complexes, small scale industries, row houses, chawls, slums and municipal watertanks. Figure: Dudheshwar’s satellite image Source: Google Earth Understanding the City Studio, M2021

1.4 GIS Mapping and First Glimpse of Dudheshwar

To study the street network and built typologies, a neighborhood of 1 sq km is selected. Ot consists of Sabarmati riverfront, Dudheshwar waterworks, affordable housing colonies commercial complexes and Dadhichi Rishi Bridge and buildings in its vicinity. These buildings has important in shaping current face of eastern Ahmedabad. These factors lead towards selection of the study area of Dudheshwar.

Figure: GIS mapping of Dudheshwar Source: Author 10

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Figure: Photographs of Dudheshwar Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

CHRONOLOGY OF 02 TRANSFORMATION 2.1 Evolution and Decline of Textile Industries in Ahmedabad

1860 First textile mill were established in Shahpur, Ahmedabad.

1862 Est. of Railway station helped in enhancing the city road networks connecting old city to other parts of city.

1891

1918

1960

Dudheshwar Water tank started piped water supply.

Ahmedabad mill laborers went on strike for economic justice.

By now, Decline of Industrial total 66 mills mills started. industrial mills had flourished in the eastern part of city, making Ahmedabad the Manchester of India

Figure: Evolution of city with respect to Industrialization Source: https://www.nationalheraldindia.com, Author 12

1980-90

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2.2 Spatial Growth of Ahmedabad

1411 AD

(0.26 KM)

1860 AD (5.7 KM)

1900 AD (13.2 KM)

1930 AD (17.2 KM)

1960 AD (71.8 KM)

2000 AD (196 KM)

Figure: Evolution of Ahmedabad Source: https://www.scribd.com, AUDA map Understanding the City Studio, M2021

2.3 Evolution from Industrial Rich Hub to Residential and Commercial Area

1910

1923

Rustom mill and Jupiter mill acted as major focal point for development of the precinct.

Settlements of mill workers were established surrounding them. Commercial activities started growing to support residences.

Dudheshwar, Shahpur has transformed f Commercial fabric over the time of 20 yea determinants such as physical, socio-cult implimentation. A large transformation in th been observed due to these changes. The Sabarmati Riverfront in the area. Figure: Evolution of Dudheshwar Source: Author 14

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2002

PRESENT

After shut down of mills, these commercial activity became main cause of development .

Road connecting mills became arterial road having commercial corridor.

from an Industrial hub to Residential and ars. This transformation is a result of various tural, ecological, transportation and policy he footprint size of commercial buildings has ere is an addition of public spaces such as Figure: Evolution of Dudheshwar Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

2.4 Mapping Sattelite Imagery Evolution

2000

- Demolish

2002

- Addition

2005 2008

- Reduce i

riverside - Riverfron - Dadhichi

2010

- Rehabilit - Increase buildings

2015 - Increase buildings

2020 Figure: Satellite image evolution Source: Google Earth, Author 16

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2.5 Transformation of Mills post Industrialization

hment of Industries

n of collector road PREVIOUS WAREHOUSE

GATED HOUSING

in ecological cover on the

nt development i Rishi Bridge

tation of Slums in built form and high rise

RUSTOM MILLS

BSUP SITE, ELECTRIC POWER HOUSE

in built form and high rise JUPITER MILLS

AFF. HOUSING, COMMERCIAL COMPLEX

Figure: Transformation of mill lands Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

INTERLINKING BUILT FORM 03 & LAND CHARECTERISTICS 3.1 Mapping the Building Footprint Evolution

In 2005, when BRTS project was initiated, there were large vacant plots in Dudheshwar. After introduction of transit oriented development policies, Dudheshwar started experiencing development through large commercial complexes in the area. This also lead to larger building footprints in Dudheshwar. Figure: Figure Ground Maps Source: Author 18

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3.2 Affordable Land Price of Dudheshwar in Eastern Ahmedabad

0 .45 L

1.2

1.1

Avg. Propert y prices

Resident ial Floor Space Index

Net Floor Space Index

376

44%

<1 km

Populat ion Densit y (pph)

Built Densit y

Workplace dist ance

Though it was noted that there was no substantial increase in land prices of mill influenced areas like Dudheshwar, Girdharnagar and few parts of Asarwa. Due to the presence of slums and chawls of mill workers in the area, growth in residential typologies has become stagnant. Thus land prices in a city centre are lower compared to newly developed fringes and suburbs.

Figure: Land prices of Eastern Ahmedabad Source: Author, Students of UTC Studio Understanding the City Studio, M2021

3.3 FSI affecting Land Use Pattern

4 13 26

57%

Residential Residential Institutional Commercial Industrial

Religious Monument Public Utilities Health Services

Open Space Amenities Agriculture Forest

0 Parking Def unct Transport Vacant

According to TP, the area was proposed to have mixed usage. Dominant land use of Dudheshwar is residential followed by commercial and Industrial. Dudheshwar has low rise residential and commercial buildings leading to Net FSI of the area being 1.1 which is lower compared to other areas of the city.

1.1

Net FSI 0 0 .0 1 – 1.0 0 1.0 1 – 2.0 0

Top Figure: Land use map Source: Author 20

0.1

3.6

Lowest FSI 2.0 1 – 3.0 0 3.0 1 – 4.0 0 4.0 1 – 5.0 0

Highest FSI

5.0 1 – 6.0 0 6.0 1 – 7.0 0

7.0 1 – 9.0 0 More than 8.0

Bottom Figure: Net plot wise FSI Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

3.4 Dominance of Residential Built Typology

Residential

Non-residential

57%

41% 2%

There is 57% residential buildings in Dudheshwar. However commercial buildings are found along arterial roads. In residential typology, chawls are predominently used typology. Over long period of time, chawls were established by workers of industrial mills which continued to be predominently in use even after mill shutdowns.

Left Figure: Ground floor building use Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

Detached Semi-detached

Apartment Chawl

Parking

26%

Row-house Non-residential

48%1%

25%

7195

1 26

Dwelling Units 48

48% Chawls

1 25

Figure: Residential building use Source: Author 21

3.5 TOD affecting Commercial - Industrial FSI and Built Use

41%

57%

Non Residential

Residential

2% Parking

2,69,626

Commercial & Industrial Floor Space Residential > 1 sq.m 1 - 20 0 0 sq.m

20 0 1– 40 0 0 sq.m 40 0 1– 60 0 0 sq.m 60 0 1 – 80 0 0 sq.m

1.4

Net Com FSI 80 0 1- 10 0 0 0 sq.m > 10 0 0 0 sq.m

All non residential activities developed along arterial and sub arterial roads as a result of better access, major commercial activities started in this nodes and corridor . Establishment of BRTS on arterial road lead to increase in FSI of these corridors and eventually development of commercial complexes started happening. Despite maximum availability of 1.8 FSI, average FSI of residential buildings in the precinct is 1.1, buildings are low rise and highly dense. FSI along the BRTS corridor rises up to 4 hence there are commercial complexes developed. Yet maximum utilized FSI along BRTS corridor is 3.6 with average FSI of 1.4. FSI for industrial buildings is 1 so they are low rise building units.

Top Figure: Land use map Source: Author 22

Bottom Figure: Net plot wise FSI Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

3.6 Low Rise Low Density Precinct Dudheshwar

Asarwa As there was privatization of lands from establishment of the mill areas, Dudheshwar and Asarwa retains to its character of having comparatively low public lands. Proportionately population density of the area is low due to low rise building having lower FSI.

76%

private land

376

pp/ha Dudheshwar

89%

private land

417

pp/ha Asarwa

Figures: Land Ownership, Plot FSI, Population Density (left to right) of Dudheshwar (Top) and Asarwa (Bottom) Source: Author, Students of UTC Studio Understanding the City Studio, M2021

3.7 Building and Street Visual Permiability

All non residential activities developed along arterial and sub arterial roads as a result of better access, major commercial activities started in this nodes and corridor. Arterial and Sub arterial

COMMERCIAL NARROW

RESIDENTIAL

WIDE

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

roads has comparatively good street connectivity and transparency to the buildings whereas on local roads, due to lack of setbacks there aren’t buffer spaces for activities between street and buildings.

Left Figure: Schemetic sections of Typologies Source: Author 24

Right Figure: Overlooking Building Sections Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

3.8 Spatial Interrelationship of Dudheshwar

Figure: Spatial Interrelationship Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

04 HOUSING CONDITION 4.1 Housing Stock of Ahmedabad Ahmedabad

Dudheshwar (ward)

Population

6063047

68150

Total HH

1281652

14006

% of good HH

74.7%

63.9%

% of owned HH

77.5%

77.2%

Tap water from treated source

75.5%

85.5%

HH with Toilet

92.1%

76.9%

HH with Kitchen

82.9%

66.7%

Semi permanent & Temporary HH

5.5%

10.9%

Source of drinking water

Top Figure: Housing Data of Dudheshwar, Ahmedabad Source: Census 2011 26

68150 population

376 pp/ha

Only 63.9% households of Dudheshwar are in good condition. 45% of dwelling units of Ahmedabad has only one bedroom. In the case of Dudheshwar, 41% of dwelling units has one bedroom. This relates to low housing conditions of the area. Various tradeoffs of jobs and transportation are made by people while considering their priority of housing choices. There are total four typologies of housing in Dudheshwar namely slums, chawls, row houses, and apartments. Bottom Figure: Priority for Housing Source: Meet Patel, Published Portfolio, M2020 Understanding the City Studio, M2021

4.2 Chawls Dominating Residential Typologies

Slums and chawls were established around textile mills by mill workers for proximity of workplace. Even after shutdown of mills, this residential typology continued developing its area. Row houses came when there was out migration of middle income group residents from walled city due to ensure safety from frequent communal riots. When sabarmati riverfront project was initiated, slums of riverbeds were rehabilitated to various places. In dudheshwar, vacant mill lands were developed as slum rehabilitation site leading to affordable housing apartments. Also due to TOD along arterial roads, certain upcoming mid rise apartments are visible in Dudheshwar. Figure: Building Typology of Dudheshwar Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

4.3 Trade Off of Local Residents Suhanaben Pathan

2005

Domestic worker

Evacuation of slums in mill land lead to shifting of maternal family with her. (Dudheshwar)

1979

Born in slums of Girdharnagar mill lands. ( 2 km from Dudheshwar)

SLUMS

18 sqmt. area 6 members Owned by father

SLUMS

18 sqmt. area 8 members Owned by father

MOSQUE MUNICIPALITY WARD

Choice of marriage lead to change of residence

GIRDHARNAGAR

Trade off over space to save money and live with family

2003

After death of her husband and retirement of her father Got married and shifted in law; they decided to to husband’s house in shift into rent free space of Municipalty ward mosque premisis in order to ( 0.6 km from Dudheshwar) save money (Dudheshwar) Trade off over space to save money of rent

1999

MOSQUE PREMISES CHAWLS

28 sqmt. area 5 members Owned by husband’s father

16 sqmt. area 7 members Owned by mosque

SUHANABEN PATHAN Domestic worker HH size 7 Tradeoffs Job – Distance of workplace Housing- Poor Housing condition Transport -Extra costing

Figure: Interviewee, Domestic Help Source: Author 28

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Chetanbhai Panchal

1969

Industrialist

1952

Father shifted to Ahmedabad at relative’s place in pol from north Gujarat village in order to better income ( 4 km from Dudheshwar)

Father purchased own house in pol before few months of his birth ( 4 km from Dudheshwar)

Tradeoff over income in order for orivacy

POLS

100 sqmt. area 5 members Owned by father

POLS

30 sqmt. area 7 members Owned by relative

Trade off over neighborhood in order of safety

2003 SHAHIBAUG

POLS POLS

Due to constant communal riots in walled city, they decided to shift in Shahibaug near their workplace. Also due to shutdown of huge mills, their workflow increased leading to demand of residence near their factory. ( 3 km from Dudheshwar)

DETACHED RESIDENCE 350 sqmt. area 6 members Owned by chetanbhai

CHETANBHAI PANCHAL Industrialist HH size 6 Tradeoffs Job – Distance of workplace Housing- Proximity Transport -Expenses

Figure: Interviewee, Industrialist Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

05 DELAYERING STREETS 5.1 Ring Radial Road Pattern

Ahmedabad forms various inner and outer rings of road. There are total 5 rings of highways and other arterial roads. 19 Radial roads passes through this rings. Inner concentrated rings of sub arterial roads connects both sides of the city. Main advantage of this type of ring radial connectivity is that you can have flexibility of choice to pick alternate routes as all the routes are interconnected.

Figure: Ahmedabad Road Network Source: Author 30

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5.2 Hierarchy of Street Network

26%

23.1 km/sqkm

area under road

street density

Road Hierarchy

Majority presence of feeder road

Road Hierarchy

2005

2015

Top Figure: Street Hierarchy Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

5.3 Inefficient Hierarchy in Street Network resulting in Low Walkability

582 average block perimeter

59 lowest

block perimeter

3690

highest block perimeter Less t han 20 0 m 60 0 - 10 0 0 m

0.93 CNR

1.39 LNR

12% of

total nodes are cul-de-sacs Dead- ends 4

Top Figure: Block Perimeter Source: Author 32

Average block perimeter is large which leads to increase in travel time. Reason behind it is private ownership of AMC waterworks. Also, all slum walls are attached to each other sharing the same wall which hinders the easily accessible routes to arterial roads. 20 0 - 40 0 m Above 10 0 0 m

40 0 - 60 0 m

The precinct has well connected road network. Majority of the blocks are connected with each other through sub arterial and collector roads. Large number of nodes are generated by sub arterial and local roads. Also large number of feeder roads ends into cul-de-sacs. 2 5 and above

Bottom Figure: Link Nodes and Connected Nodes Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

5.4 Poor Street Density and Connectivity of Dudheshwar despite of Higher Link Nodes and Connected Nodes

7% of total in precinct have have 7% of roads total roads in precinct footpaths. footpaths.

23.1 23.1

2 km/ kmkm/ km2

Street Density Street Density

footpaths. footpaths.

0.930.93 connected node node ratio ratio connected

0.640.64 connected node node ratio ratio connected

1.39 1.39 Link- node Ratio Ratio Link- node

1.17 LinkRatio Ratio 1.17node Link- node

Dudheshwar

Girdharnagar

3% of total in precinct have have 3% of roads total roads in precinct

Krishnanagar

7% roads have footpaths 3% roads have footpaths 3% roads have footpaths

23.1 23.1 0.93 CNR

km/ km2km/ km2 Street Street Density Density

footpaths. footpaths. 0.71 CNR

ode ratio atio

1.39

LNR

node ratio 1.17 0.64 0.64 connected node ratio 1.29 LNRconnected

tio

23.1 km/sqkm

in precinct cinct have have

street density

34.8 34.8

ofroads total roads in precinct 3% of3% total in precinct have have

16.8 km/sqkm 1.17 Link- Ratio node Ratio 1.17 Linknode street density

km/ km2km/ km2

0.64 CNR Street Density Street Density LNR

34.8 km/sqkm street density

Figures: Road width and Footpath availibility across precincts Source: Author, Studentts of UTC Studio Understanding the City Studio, M2021

5.5 Inclusivity of Streets of Dudheshwar

Figure: Street Sections Source: Author 34

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Figures: Still Images of Dudheshwar Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

06 PUBLIC REALM 6.1 Privately Regulated Public Spaces

Dudheshwar

90% private space 10% public space 1% unregulated public space Left Figure: Nolli’s Map of Dudheshwar Source: Author 36

Girdharnagar- Asarwa

81% private space 19% public space

1% unregulated public space Right Figure: Nolli’s Map of Asarwa Source: Student of UTC Studio Understanding the City Studio, M2021

6.2 Streets are Predominant Public Spaces in Dudheshwar

Morning

Afternoon

Evening

Inclusiveness in all age and gender groups are found in Dudheshwar area as compared to Girdhar nagar in neighborhood. Though there is high difference in ratio of male- female, Dudheshwar area having commercial and institutional activities attracts female and children for street activities. Shaded trees acting as gathering spaces allows elder age groups for interaction during morning and evening hours. Figures: Activity Mapping of Dudheshwar Street Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

6.3 Actively Used Public Space

The public realm of Dudheshwar studied is the junction in front of religious landmark. It has constant flow of public throughout the day from multiple directions throughout the day. The shop fronts restricts public accessibility and act as semi permiable areas whereas the open ground and spaces around the junction allows clear access. The junction in front of Dariyakhan Ghummat is a gathering spot where people from different age, caste, creed, gender of different neighborhood gather in informal setting. This area is live throughout day and night making it most alive area of Dudheshwar. The hawkers and food stalls that accumulate around the node add the footprints in the area. Places like this acts as real public realm rather than regulated public realm of the city.

Figure: Public Realm Analysis Source: Author 38

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Obstructions

Figures: Still Images of Dudheshwar Source: Author Understanding the City Studio, M2021

ECONOMY & TRANSPORTATION

7.1 Economy Generation in Ahmedabad

Self-employed

Sindhu bhavan

Naroda

CG Road & Ashram Road Asarwa Rakhial

Prahlad Nagar

Walled City

Odhav

Regular employed

22.2

16.5

14.6

42.5

46.7

48.5

35.2

36.8

36.9

1987- 88

1993- 94

2004- 05

Casual Labour 10.5

3.8

36.6

45.65

52.9

50.56

2009- 10

2011- 12

92.9% Main workers

7.1%

Marginal workers

100% 80% 60%

Saijpur Vatva

56%

52%

50%

57%

40% 20% 0%

6% 1991

9% 2001

12% 2011

13% 2021

33.8% Total WFP

Ahmedabad has historically been a rich city, based on which the modern industrial economy has been built. The growing industry had attracted working-class migrants from other regions of India. A huge contrast in number of employed people is observed when mills shut down. Many families out migrated for jobs. Metal industries started playing major role in employment. Figure: Economic Hotspots Source: Google Map 40

Figure: Employment Sector Source: Census 2011 Understanding the City Studio, M2021

7.2 Public Transportation and Assessing Walkability in Duddheshwar

CEPT University

Kalupur Railway Stn. Odhav

Iskon Rakhial Rd.

Shivranjani

Kankaria Lake

Paldi Sarkhej Roza

1.3

Sabarmati River

Chandola Lake

Precinct

Narol

Boarding Point

Figures: BRTS Routes across Ahmedabad Source: Author

CTM

Destination

It was infered through the surveys that people ethier use their 2 wheelers or rather walk to work. Children uses autos or cycles for their school commute. Laborers prefer autos over BRTS for transportation due to illetracy and less knowlege of PT system.

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Percent of travel expense per month of the HH (in %)

S.P. Ring Rd.

Gujarat Science City

S.P. Ring Rd.

Naroda Terminus

R.T.O. Circle

12 3.1 10

16 8.3 5

9.7

7.7

7.2 2.7 HH 1

HH 2

HH 3

HH 4

HH 5

(Home based)

(Informal)

(Casual)

(Salaried)

(Self-employed)

Bi-cycle

2-wheeler

3-wheeler/ IPT

31% upto 2 minutes catchment area 33% upto 2-5 minutes catchment area 23% upto 5-10 minutes catchment area Figure: Walkability Index of Dudheshwar Source: Author 41

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CONCLUSION Dudheshwar is an example of efficient development taking place in extreme transformation. Every vicinity expreiences a set of assumed, as well as unexpected changes but surviving out of them becomes a challenge. The balance in commercial and industrial activities in the overall area of Dudheshwar sets an equilibrium point. Though, the impact mills have made in the area of Dudheshwar is irreplacable. Introduction of TOD zone has led commercial complexes along arterial roads. Commercial corridor along arterial and sub arterial roads supports residential activities in the precinct. Riverfront development has not much affected the built form of precinct. With time, developments in Dudheshwar were predominant after the introduction of BRTS lane. Connectvity has increased the flexibility of people to transverse to different locations in the city for better opportunities. Cutting cost with maximum travel distance is an advantage to the residents in the core city. The preassumed notion that the metal industries have balanced the count of jobs is a failure. Demographics play an important part in satisfying the results but the mill working people have actually got scattered into various districts before the metal industries was recognised.The balance in commercial and industrial activities in the overall area sets an equilibrium point of development. However, in terms of understanding the city through the lens of the precincts is fairly reliable as the aspects of the city are reflected in the individual precincts.

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REFERENCES Darshini Mahadevia, Neha Bhatia, Renu Desai. (2018). City Resume Ahmedabad. A Case Study of Ahmedabad, India. https://mdl.donau-uni.ac.at/binucom/pluginfile.php/402/mod_page/ content/22/_Study_1_Ahmedabad_V6_1.pdf ITDP(2011). Better streets, better cities. A guide to street design in urban India. Mahadevi, D., Desai, R., Vyas, S. (2014). City Profile: Ahmedabad. CUE Working Paper 26 2014. https://www.academia.edu/24733900/City_Profile_Ahmedabad%20 City%20Profile Patel, M. (2020), Understanding the City, Published portfolio for Masters of Urban Design, CEPT University. Copyright 2021 by M. Patel. Prof. Tana Trivedi1 , Anisha Parwani, Jayesh Bhatia, Monika Mittal, et al. (2016) A Study on Socio-Economic Impact of Sabarmati Riverfront on Life of Displaced Communities. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-7. https://www.academia.edu/28549151/A_Study_on_Socio_Economic_ Impact_of_Sabarmati_Riverfront_on_Life_of_Displaced_Communities

https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/index.jsp https://www.auda.org.in/ https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html

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