Re-Imagining Ageing by Parul Nayar

Thesis report

Re-imagining ageing ‘Enliven’- A Mixed Use Senior Living Community

PARUL NAYAR A/2961/2016

Guides

Coordinator

Prof. Mandeep Singh Prof. Amit Bahl

Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover

Candidate declaration The thesis titled ‘Enliven’- A Mixed Use Senior Living Community a requisite of the Bachelors Program in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi – 110002, was completed by the undersigned in January – May 2021. The supervisors were Prof. Dr. Mandeep Singh and Prof. Amit Bahl. The undersigned hereby declares that this is her original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full from any source. Furthermore this work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other University.

Parul Nayar A/2961/2016 V-A

CERTIFICATE We certify that the Thesis titled ‘Enliven’- A Mixed Use Senior Living Community by Parul Nayar Roll no A/2961/2016 was guided by us in January – June 2021 and placed in front of the Jury by the candidate on 1st June 2021. On completion of the report in all respects including the last chapter by the candidate and based on the declaration by the candidate herein-above, we forward the report to the Department to be placed in the library of the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi. 2nd June 2021 Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Guides-

Prof. Dr. Mandeep Singh (Design and Technology Guide)

Prof. Amit Bahl (Design and Research Guide)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completing this thesis, a product of several months’ work, I feel deeply indebted to many people who have greatly inspired and supported me during the entire process. In particular, I would like to thank my thesis guides Prof. Dr Mandeep Singh and Prof. Amit Bahl for their invaluable guidance, encouragement, academic stimulus and generous help. From the inception to its completion, they have been consistent in helping me throughout. I will always remember their encouragement to ‘push’ and ‘explore’ and always saying ‘ that you can do it’ when I hesitated to move forward during various stages of design. I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover for her words of encouragement that has always boosted my energy to put in my best efforts. A big thankyou to Ayushi Saxena, Shraddha Malhotra, Kritiika Anand for being a constant support during the semester and helping me out whenever i felt stuck. I would also like to thank Sonakshi Gambhir and Maitri Bhateja for guiding me during the initial stages of the design process. I am grateful to my Dadi ma Sunita Nayar and my Nanu- Retd Col. Suraj Dua, Nani- Raj Dua for being the direct inspiration behind this project, who presented two different aspects/worlds of ageing and inspired me to ponder upon the issues, which one tends to ignore while designing. I dedicate this thesis to you. A big shout out to my mom Anju Nayar and dad Puneet Nayar, who have been through my entire journey and have become half architects themselves. Not to forget my elder brother Anchit Nayar whose fierce and bold nature as a fighter pilot has always inspired me to work harder and prove myself. Last but not the least, to Coronavirus which has led to us adopting and adapting to changing conditions, methods of work and interaction. Thank you!

SYNOPSIS India is experiencing an important demographic transformation: the ever-increasing ageing of the population due to advancements in technology and healthcare infrastructure. The changing family structure, lack of safety, security and selfconfidence has led to harboring feelings of social isolation in the baby boomer generation. Social engagement and social support are the important determinants of successful ageing. This thesis focuses on the elderly as an asset and not as an issue for the future sustainability of the nation. This is a group that has acquired a lifetime of skills, knowledge and wisdom which can be shared with the younger generation, contributing to the knowledge capital of the society. Older people are not just the recipients, but rather they are the contributors of nationwide development. The study of this thesis began with the realization that for years senior living spaces have had no definition to them, or have been imagined as isolated spaces, located at the outskirts of cities as shear realestate projects thereby widening the gap with the community. However, various studies demonstrate that the seniors of today no longer want to retire at the age of 60. They demand to be integrated in the society and hence, prefer to live in a community with like-minded people. They require an inclusive environment with access to all resources and opportunities which is lacking in the current system of spatial design. Therefore, the need for re-imagining ageing arises. Hence, this thesis proposes a new typology for Senior living spaces - a mixed-use Hub anchored in the fast-growing city. In doing so, it re-imagines the senior living community, no longer as an isolated residential space but instead as a facilitator of interaction and community building. It is an integrated space that serves as a vibrant habitat that fosters healthy living with all the necessary facilities provided within the vicinity. The project operates at three levels- Firstly it re-imagines functions and spatial features of a senior living community. It recognizes the problems and needs of different stages of ageing, which includes chronological, biological, psychology and aspects of social ageing and addresses the requirements through inclusive spatial design. Secondly, it acknowledges the role of residential spaces, in fostering healthy ageing. By understanding the problems of isolation and lack of interaction faced by the Baby boomer generation, this thesis suggests a shift away from “mere isolated residential spaces” to promoting “chance encounters” and creating opportunities for intergenerational interaction supported with additional facilities that promote positive social behavior and foster productive ageing. Henceforth, the project proposes spatial configurations where the form, space, and activity are all interconnected that bring multiple functions together allowing for healthy ageing and mutualistic learning. Finally, the project presents a design for a Hub, which redefines the identity of Dwarka -from being the residential bedroom of Delhi to a vibrant “place to be” thereby blurring the boundaries between public and private functions and using “ connector functions” as the key to tying the entire hub together. By designing supplementary open spaces alongside all major functions, it promotes community engagement and fosters an integrated environment.

This project thereby looks to examine the role of architectural intervention in reimagining a Senior living community.

सार भारत एक महत्वपूर्ण जनसांख्यिकीय परिवर्तन का अनुभव कर रहा है: प्रौद्योगिकी और स्वास्थ्य सेवा के बुनियादी ढांचे में प्रगति के कारण जनसंख्या की बढ़ती उम्र। बदलते पारिवारिक ढांचे, सुरक्षा, सुरक्षा और आत्मविश्वास की कमी ने बेबी बूमर पीढ़ी में सामाजिक अलगाव की भावनाओं को जन्म दिया है। सामाजिक जुड़ाव और सामाजिक समर्थन सफल उम्र बढ़ने के महत्वपूर्ण निर्धारक हैं। यह थीसिस बुजुर्गों पर एक संपत्ति के रूप में केंद्रित है न कि राष्ट्र की भविष्य की स्थिरता के लिए एक मुद्दे के रूप में। यह एक ऐसा समूह है जिसने जीवन भर कौशल, ज्ञान और ज्ञान प्राप्त किया है जिसे युवा पीढ़ी के साथ साझा किया जा सकता है, जो समाज की ज्ञान पूंजी में योगदान देता है। वृद्ध लोग न केवल प्राप्तकर्ता हैं, बल्कि वे राष्ट्रव्यापी विकास के योगदानकर्ता हैं। इस थीसिस का अध्ययन इस अहसास के साथ शुरू हुआ कि वर्षों से वरिष्ठ रहने की जगहों की उनकी कोई परिभाषा नहीं रही है, या शहरों के बाहरी इलाके में अलग-अलग जगहों के रूप में कल्पना की गई है, जो कतरनी अचल संपत्ति परियोजनाओं के रूप में समुदाय के साथ अंतर को चौड़ा करती है। हालांकि, विभिन्न अध्ययनों से पता चलता है कि आज के वरिष्ठ नागरिक अब 60 वर्ष की आयु में सेवानिवृत्त नहीं होना चाहते हैं। वे समाज में एकीकृत होने की मांग करते हैं और इसलिए, समान विचारधारा वाले समुदाय में रहना पसंद करते हैं। उन्हें सभी संसाधनों और अवसरों तक पहुंच के साथ एक समावेशी वातावरण की आवश्यकता होती है, जिसका स्थानिक डिजाइन की वर्तमान प्रणाली में अभाव है। इसलिए उम्र बढ़ने की फिर से कल्पना करने की जरूरत पैदा होती है। इसलिए, यह थीसिस वरिष्ठ रहने की जगहों के लिए एक नई टाइपोग्राफी का प्रस्ताव करती है - तेजी से बढ़ते शहर में मिश्रित एक मिश्रित उपयोग हब। ऐसा करने में, यह वरिष्ठ जीवित समुदाय की फिर से कल्पना करता है, अब एक अलग आवासीय स्थान के रूप में नहीं बल्कि इसके बजाय बातचीत और सामुदायिक भवन की सुविधा के रूप में। यह एक एकीकृत स्थान है जो एक जीवंत आवास के रूप में कार्य करता है जो आसपास के क्षेत्र में प्रदान की जाने वाली सभी आवश्यक सुविधाओं के साथ स्वस्थ जीवन को बढ़ावा देता है। परियोजना तीन स्तरों पर संचालित होती है- सबसे पहले यह एक वरिष्ठ जीवित समुदाय के कार्यों और स्थानिक विशेषताओं की फिर से कल्पना करती है। यह उम्र बढ़ने के विभिन्न चरणों की समस्याओं और जरूरतों को पहचानता है, जिसमें कालानुक्रमिक, जैविक, मनोविज्ञान और सामाजिक उम्र बढ़ने के पहलू शामिल हैं और समावेशी स्थानिक डिजाइन के माध्यम से आवश्यकताओं को संबोधित करते हैं। दूसरे, यह स्वस्थ उम्र बढ़ने को बढ़ावा देने में आवासीय रिक्त स्थान की भूमिका को स्वीकार करता है। बेबी बूमर पीढ़ी द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली अलगाव और बातचीत की कमी की समस्याओं को समझकर, यह थीसिस “मात्र अलग आवासीय रिक्त स्थान” से “मौका मुठभेड़ों” को बढ़ावा देने और सकारात्मक सामाजिक को बढ़ावा देने वाली अतिरिक्त सुविधाओं के साथ समर्थित अंतःक्रियात्मक बातचीत के अवसर पैदा करने के लिए एक बदलाव का सुझाव देती है। व्यवहार और उत्पादक उम्र बढ़ने को बढ़ावा देता है। इसके बाद, परियोजना स्थानिक विन्यास का प्रस्ताव करती है जहां रूप, स्थान और गतिविधि सभी परस्पर जुड़े हुए हैं जो स्वस्थ उम्र बढ़ने और पारस्परिक शिक्षा की अनुमति देने के लिए कई कार्यों को एक साथ लाते हैं। अंत में, परियोजना एक हब के लिए एक डिज़ाइन प्रस्तुत करती है, जो द्वारका की पहचान को फिर से परिभाषित के आवासीय बेडरूम से एक जीवंत “स्थान” के रूप में, जिससे सार्वजनिक और निजी कार्यों के बीच की सीमाओं को जाता है और “कनेक्टर फ़ंक्शंस” का उपयोग किया जाता है। पूरे हब को एक साथ बांधने की कुंजी। सभी प्रमुख पूरक खुली जगहों को डिजाइन करके, यह सामुदायिक जुड़ाव को बढ़ावा देता है और एक एकीकृत वातावरण को

करती है-दिल्ली धुंधला कर दिया कार्यों के साथ बढ़ावा देता है।

इस प्रकार यह परियोजना एक वरिष्ठ जीवित समुदाय की पुनर्कल्पना में वास्तु हस्तक्षेप की भूमिका की जांच करती है।

CONTENTS

117

147

INTRODUCTION & PROPOSITION

RESEARCH

CASE STUDIES

pROGRAMME & ITS COMPONENTS

SITE ANALYSIS

1. Introduction 2. Proposition, Area of Exploration and Need identification 3. Project and Site Selection 4. Lessons learnt and way forward

1. Research Framework 2. Defining Areas of Research 3. Understanding the User Group 4. Site level Issues 5. Building level study

1. Site Selection 2. Overview Studies-MDP 3. Site location and Development norms 4. Site and Connectivity 5. Green and Open spaces 6. Traffic Analysis 7. Movement 8. Understanding the Neighborhood 9. Immediate Land-use around 10. Volumetric analysis 11. Activities around the site 12. Site Pictures 13. Site Edge condition and Experience 14. Climate 15. Observation and Aspirations 16. Integrated reading of all the components; 17. Inferences, Conclusions and Way forward for the design

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Case study selection Criteria and Parameters Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand Golden Estate, Faridabad Nursing Home for the Elderly, Mishima The Virtuouso, Bangalore Parkside Retirement Home, Bangalore Armstrong Place Senior Housing, San Francisco Case study Matrix Additional Case Examples

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Project Scope & Program Derivation Summary of all Stages Inference from all Stages Project Components Identification of Stakeholders Area Division within each Component User Profile Community Survey Detailed Area Program Inter-relationship diagram Analysis of Functional Components Open Space requirements Inference, Conclusion and Way forward

168

223

235

TECHNOLOGY

DESIGN DETERMINANTS

DESIGN CONCEPT

DESIGN EVOLUTION

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. S.W.O.T. 2. Determinants from Proposition 3. Determinants from Research 4. Determinants from Case Studies 5. Determinants from Site and Area Program 6. Determinants from Technology 7. Design Direction and Way forward

1. My Story 2. Project Vision and Big Idea 3. Spatial Concepts and Strategies 4. Senior Friendly features in design 5. Concept for Unit Design

Structure Safety Sustainability Services

245

Key Parameters for Form Development 2. Initial Scribbles 3. Design Development 4. Pros and Cons

257

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Design Drawings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Context Plan Zoning Zoning Section Site Plan Landscape Development All floor plans Unit Plans Section AA’ Section BB’ and Section CC’ Section DD’ Basement Plan Senior Friendly Features in Design Northwest Elevation Street Sections

Technology 1. 2. 3. 4.

Sustainability Structures Services Safety

Lists of FIGURES Figure 1- Stages of Research, Source: Author Figure 2- Projected Growth in number of Seniors in India, Source: JLL Education, Healthcare and Senior Living Figure 3- Needs of Elderly, Source: Author Figure 4- Principles of CPTED, Source: Author Figure 5- Methods of ensuring Natural Surveillance, Source: PCDP Figure 6- Methods of ensuring Natural Access, Source: PDCP Figure 7- Methods of ensuring Territorial Reinforcement, Source: PDCP Figure 8- Methods of ensuring Maintenance, Source: PDCP Figure 9- Attributes of Placemaking, Source: Project of Public Spaces Figure 10- Understanding the Interface, Source: Author Figure 11- Interface typologies, Source: Author Figure 12- Types of Accessibility, Source: Author Figure 13- Examples of Interface, Source: Author Figure 14- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 15- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 16- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 17- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 18- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 19- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 20- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 21- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 22- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility, Source: Author Figure 23- Schematic Section of Antara Senior Living, Source: Author Figure 24- Schematic Section of Golden Estate, Source: Author Figure 25- Schematic Section of The Virtuoso, Source: Author Figure 26- Summary of all stages, Source: Author Figure 27- Economic model for Senior living home, Source: Author Figure 28- Space standards for Nursing care, Source: Neuferts Figure 29- Space standards for Senior living spaces, Source- Neuferts Figure 30- Space standards for Labs and Offices, Source: Neuferts Figure 31- Coworking space example, Source: Base 4work Figure 32- Coworking space example, Source: The WeWork Report Figure 33- Coworking space example, Source: The WeWork Report Figure 34-Coworking space example, Source: Innov8 Figure 35- Office Layout options, Source: Neuferts Figure 36- Spatial Requirements for Polyclinic, Source: Neuferts Figure 37- Spatial Requirement for Multi Purpose Hall, Source: Neuferts Figure 38- Integrated reading of all Components, Source: Author

38 40 41 45 46 46 46 46 51 53 53 54 54 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 71 77 86 119 120 137 138 139 140 140 140 140 140 142 143 144

Figure 39- Site Location, Source: Delhi Master Plan Figure 40- Overview Studies, Source: Author Figure 41- Site location and Dimensions, Source: Author Figure 42- Site Connectivity, Source: Author Figure 43- Open Spaces around, Source: Author Figure 44- Mapping Infrastructure around, Source: Author Figure 45- Mapping Land use around, Source: Author Figure 46- Schematic Sections, Source: Author Figure 47- Integrated reading of all Components, Source: Author Figure 48- Vision for Technology Armature, Source- Author Figure 49- Types of Grid Floors, Source: JC Watson Figure 50- RCC Grid Floor, Source: JC Watson Figure 51- Water Balance Diagram, Source: Author Figure 52- Rainwater Harvesting Diagram, Source: Rainwaterharvesting.org Figure 53- Energy Diagram, Source: Author Figure 54- Location of Nearest Substation, Source: Author Figure 55- Determinants from Proposition, Source: Author Figure 56- Determinants from Research, Source: Author Figure 57- Determinants from Case Study, Source: Author Figure 58- Determinants from Site and Area Program Analysis, Source: Author

148 150 151 152 153 156 157 159 166 171 175 177 192 194 199 200 226 227 228 229

Lists of ILLUSTRATIONS Illustration 1- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, winner of Biophilic Design award, Source: Architectural Record Illustration 2- Ribeirao Preto Residence in Brazil, Source: Dezeen Illustration 3- Belmont Village Santa Fe Mexico, Source: Google Image search Illustration 4- Antara Senior Living, Source: Antara Senior Care Illustration 5- Context Plan Antara Senior Living Home, Source: Author Illustration 6- Ground floor plan, Source: Author Illustration 7- Functional Diagram, Source: Antara Senior Living Illustration 8- Public Private Relationship, Source: Author Illustration 9- Room typologies, Source: Antara Senior Living Illustration 10- Clubhouse plan, Source: Studio Lotus Illustration 11- View of Antara Senior Living, Source: Google image search Illustration 12- Golden Estate Faridabad, Source: Google Image Search Illustration 13- Context Plan, Source: Author Illustration 14- Movement system, Source: Author Illustration 15- Room Typologies, Source: Golden Estate Illustration 16- Corridor View, Source: Golden Estate Illustration 17- Outdoor View, Source: Golden Estate Illustration 18- Nursing Home Mishima Jpana, Source: World Architecture forum Illustration 19- Context Plan, Source: Author Illustration 20- Ground Floor Plan, Source: IDU Terrace Illustration 21- First Floor Plan, Source: IDU Terrace Illustration 22- Second Floor Plan, Source: IDU Terrace Illustration 23- South Elevation, Source: Author Illustration 24- North-South Elevation, Source: Author Illustration 25- Interior Room View, Source: Google Image search Illustration 26- View of Spaces, Source: IDU Terrace Illustration 27- The Virtuouso, Source: Columbia Communities Illustration 28- Context Plan, Source: Author Illustration 29- Ground floor plan, Source: Columbia Pacific Communities Illustration 30- First Floor plan, Source: https://www.columbiacommunities.in/project/virtuoso/ Illustration 31- Typical Floor plan, Source: https://www.columbiacommunities.in/project/virtuoso/ Illustration 32- Terrace Floor Plan, Source: https://www.columbiacommunities.in/project/virtuoso/ Illustration 33- Room Typologies, Source: https://www.columbiacommunities.in/project/virtuoso/ Illustration 34- 3d View, Source: Columbia Pacific Community Illustration 35- Parkside Retirement Home, Source: https://www.archdaily.com/901829/parkside-retirement-homes-mindspace Illustration 36- Context Plan, Source: Author Illustration 37- Movement Plan, Source: Brigade Orchards Illustration 38- Stilt Floor Plan, Source: Brigade Orchards

48 49 55 70 71 71 71 72 72 74 75 76 77 77 78 79 79 80 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 83 84 85 85 85 85 86 87 88 89 89 89 89

Illustration 39- Sectional View, Source: Brigade Orchards Illustration 40- Public-Private Relationship, Source: https://www.archdaily.com/901829/parkside-retirement-homes-mindspace Illustration 41- Room Typologies, Source: Brigade Orchards Brochure Illustration 42- Views of Spaces, Source: Archdaily Illustration 43- Cascading Terraces, Source: Archdaily Illustration 44- Armstrong Place Senior Housing, Source: https://www.archdaily.com/153359/armstrong-place-senior-housing-davidbaker-partners Illustration 45- Context Plan, Source: Author Illustration 46- Movement Plan, Source: Author Illustration 47- First Level Plan, Source: David Baker+Partners Illustration 48- Podium level plan, Source: David Baker+Partners Illustration 49- Section, Source: Arch daily Illustration 50- Views of the Built form, Source: Arch Daily Illustration 51- Traffic Analysis, Source: Google maps Illustration 52- Junctions on Site, Source: Author Illustration 53- Climate Data, Source: Meteoblue Illustration 54- Site Plan, Source: Google Earth Images Illustration 55- Contour maps, Source: Contour map Creator Illustration 56- Article on Problems in Dwarka, Source: Hindustan Times, October 2020 Illustration 57-Waffle Slab, Source: Google Images Illustration 58- Holedeck Slab, Source: Google Images Illustration 59- Precast Ferrocement roof channels at Development Alternatives Headquarters, Source: Author Illustration 60- Precast Ferrocement roof channels at Development Alternatives HQ, Source: Development Alternative manual Illustration 61- Flexibility and Integration of Structure, Source: Author Illustration 62- Autoclaved Aerated Concrete, Source: Google Images Illustration 63- Double Glazing Unit, Source: Cgp.com Illustration 64- Application in Existing Building Abroad, Source: IJRSET Illustration 65- Palazo Italia Milan, Source: Architizer Illustration 66- Manuel Gea Gonzalez Hospital Mexico, Source: Architizer Illustration 67- Access control options, Source: Google Images Illustration 68- Bio Swale working mechanism, Source: NC State University Illustration 69- Plantation types- Source: Google Images Illustration 70- Native Trees and Planters, Source: Pradip Krishan Illustration 71- Sewage Treatment Process, Source: National Water Agency Illustration 72- Three Pipe VRF system, Source: Researchgate.net Illustration 73- HVAC System size and type, Source: Researchgate.net Illustration 74- Classification of Green roofs according to type, usage, construction and maintenance requirement, Source: EPU Energy Efficiency in Buildings Illustration 75- Classification of Green roofs according to type, usage, construction and maintenance requirement, Source: EPU Energy Efficiency in Buildings

89 90 91 91 92 94 95 95 95 96 96 97 154 155 163 164 164 165 175 175 176 176 177 178 178 179 179 179 186 195 196 197 198 201 202 205 206

Illustration 76- Glossy Ceramic tiles, Source: Development Alternative Brochure Illustration 77- Solar panels, Source: Energysage.com Illustration 78- Solar Panel Composition, Source: Clean Energy Review Illustration 79- Two Pipe Drainage System, Source: NBC Illustration 80- Typical False Ceiling, Source: Author Illustration 81- Multilevel parking with Pit, Source: Puzzleparkingsystem.wordpress Illustration 82- Single Level Parking without Pit, Source: Puzzleparkingsystem.wordpress

206 208 208 212 216 219 219

Lists of TABLES Table 1- Comparative Matrix for Group A Case Studies, Source: Author Table 2- Comparative Matrix for Group B Case Studies, Source: Author Table 3- Case Example analysis, Source: Author Table 4- Community Survey Results, Source: Author Table 5- Area Program, Source: Author Table 6- Analysis of Functional Components, Source: Author Table 7- Open Space requirements, Source: Author Table 8- Fire Tank and Pump Room Requirement Calculation, Source: Author Table 9- Water Demand Calculation, Source Author Table 10- Calculation of Cooling load for the Project, Source: Author Table 11- Electricity Calculation, Source: Author Table 12- Toilet Requirement for Office Building, Source: NBC Table 13- Toilet Requirement for Cinema, Multiples, Convention Halls, Source: NBC 2 Table 14- Toilet Requirement for Polyclinic, Source: NBC Table 15- Toilet Requirement for Study and Innovation Centre, Source: NBC Table 16- Toilet Requirement for Restaurants, Source: NBC Table 17- Toilet Requirement for Retail, Source: NBC Table 18- Recommended Lift Speed, Source: NBC Table 19- Recommended Nominal Time, Source: NBC Table 20- Recommended Nominal Time, Source: NBC Table 21- Recommended Lift Sizes, Source: NBC Table 22- Recommended Stretcher Lift Sizes, Source: NBC

104 113 115 124 126 133 136 184 193 204 207 212 213 213 214 214 215 217 217 217 218 218

PART I

DESIGN INVESTIGATION

INTRODUCTION & PROPOSITION 1. Introduction 2. Proposition, Area of Exploration and Need identification 3. Project and Site Selection 4. Lessons learnt and Way forward

“AGEING IS NOT LOST YOUTH BUT A NEW STAGE OF OPPORTUNITY AND STRENGTH.” - Betty Friedan

“The challenge today is to build a world that is just as responsive to the needs of very old people as to the very young.” - Laura L. Carstensen

How do we provide supports in communities to make them as age-friendly as possible, and allow seniors to continue their contribution to society while having the best quality of life? 23

INTRODUCTION

“AGEING IS A PROCESS NOT AN OUTCOME”

Ageing as the word suggests is the process of growing old. It is often taken as one of the most neglected issues as aged people are considered non-resourceful and disempowered. Various theorists have various definitions of this process. It is by Bhatia (1983) defined as Biological, Psychological and Socio-Cultural changes within one, or has been defined by Charles S Becker (1969) as the ‘changes occurring in an individual which are the result of passage of time’. According to Hooyman and Kiyak (1994) ageing can be defined under four broad processes and dimensions:

The Primary Ageing which is the period that has nothing to do with illness. It is simply an evolution of the biological, psychological and social domains and occurs primary due to decline in the productivity of the vital organs of the body. Secondary Ageing is the process which is associated with various kinds of illness which prevent normal functioning of an individual.

Chronological ageing- It refers to the number of years since someone was born. It defines their roles and relationships within the society in terms of behavior and expectations.

The Census of India uses the 60 years as a cut off point to classify people as old. However, the collective definition of elderly is based on three criteria.

Biological ageing- It refers to the decline of a cell within the body making the person less immuned to withstand disease and ultimately increases susceptibility to death. This is often associated with decline in proper functioning of the vital organs of the body.

a. Retired from work and drawing a pension b. Looking old c. Having limitation in activities of daily living.

Psychological Ageing- It refers to the changes that occur during the later years of one’s life which affects individual’s personality, mental functioning and sensory processes. Social ageing- It refers to the changes in the experiences that one encounters with regards to their roles and relationships within the society. In this stage a persons attitude or interaction is the key measure to assess his/ her ageing. Further ageing can be defined under three types-

When is a person old? When does one come under the category of Elderly?

WHO (1967) defined old age as, The period of life when impairment of mental and physical function becomes increasingly manifest by comparison with previous periods of life. It is considered an assortment of diseases and disabilities leading to dependency in later life. Aged are not a cohesive group. They may be composed of several generations, each of them having its own history, different standards of living. The elderly persons are divided into three or more categories, The young-old ( comprises of persons in the age group 60- 69, who maintain working capability after their retirement), The middleold ( consists of persons aged between 70 and 75), The old-old (category comprises

of individuals aged over 75, who are likely to be frail, and possibly be a victim of physical disabilities and mental illness associated with old age) , The very old (category constituted by individuals who are 80 years and above)

What are the various problems faced by the elderly? There is no gainsaying in the fact that the elderly face a lot of problems in the society ranging fromChanging Family Structure- The traditional Indian age-old society system was vital in safeguarding the interests of the elderly where they were considered an important part of the household. But which the changing family structure and the consequent shift towards nuclear family households their role in the family is diminishing at an alarming rate. Lack of Social Support- Loneliness and Isolation are one of the key problems concerning the elderly. They often feel neglected, and unwanted, due to people having an indifferent attitude towards them.

Availability, accessibility, and affordability of Health care- With aging, individuals experience health problems and illnesses. They need regular medical check-ups, they are required to take their medicines and in case of other health problems are even required to undergo medical treatment. Hence, easy access to resources which are vital and necessary at this age is required. Technology and SecurityBeing technologically in adept and security are two secondary aspects which affect the elderly. The elderly individuals are not usually aware of usage of technology, they may just speak on the phone, watch television or listen to music and religious beliefs on radio or on their mobile phones. This indicates that they are usually unaware of how to perform various tasks and functions through the usage of technology. When aged people are unaware of usage of technology, they may encounter problems in communicating with people at distant places by sending messages, pictures and videos. Unawareness in terms of technology is one of the factors that impedes socialization of the aged people.

Lack of Dedicated Infrastructure- There is a lack of dedicated infrastructure for the elderly and even if it exists it is of poor quality.

Importance of Elderly in India

Economic Dependency- A major section of this population is economically dependent, due to lack of additional income generating sources, and hence that makes them liable to living and agreeing to the terms being dictated by the earning members of the family.

Elderly people carry immense experience of their personal and professional life. Society at large needs to channelize these experiences for a better tomorrow. Elderly people not only provide support and stability to families and society but they also have the capability to provide a link between all generations through transferring of values and morals. Acknowledging seniors’ contributions would

help to make ours a more age-inclusive society that does not pit one generation against the other. Their deep cultural impressions and social experiences provide the necessary buffer against intolerance, violence and hate crimes which provides stability in society especially in the era of hate and crime. They can play a significant role in easing out societal tensions, both within and outside families through their insight and understanding.

“BLESSING NOT A BURDEN”

“A joint report by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and Help Age International in 2012 STATES THAT India has around 100 million older adults and the number is expected to increase to 323 million by 2050, constituting 20 percent of the total population (Help Age India, 2014)”

“THE AGED AS A RESOURCE”

The Economic Benefit The projections clearly demonstrate that due to advancement in healthcare and access to resources, the proportion of senior population is on a hike and is expected to continue to increase ahead. The elderly are therefore becoming the fastest growing, but underutilized resource available to humanity. Rather than putting them aside, physically (and mentally), to be cared for separately, they should be integrated into the lives of communities where they can make a substantial contribution to improving social and economic conditions. The Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC), performed an economic analysis of the impact of welcoming retirees in the 20-county area around the city. By adding an additional 1,000 new residents aged 65 or older, the ARC found that the region would see a $7.8 billion increase in its GDP. Keeping aging people in communities—and attracting new people of traditional retirement age and above–is an economic force on par with tourism, says Mike Alexander, research and analytics manager for the ARC. On a national scale, an Oxford Economics report found that the “longevity economy” is one of the most vital in the U.S., with 106 million people over the age of 50 collectively responsible for $7.6 trillion in annual economic activity, spending $4.6 trillion on consumer goods and services, and in particular, the health care industry.

informal caring and volunteering. A couple of years earlier, in 2012, statistics of the country indicated older generations contributed almost £27 billion to the society through unpaid care, charitable and voluntary work, which was an increase by almost £2 billion in the last 12 months, according to MGM Advantage’s 2012 Retirement Nation report. The report found that the older generation, meaning those approaching and in retirement, gave the society each year an average of 75 hours in charitable work at a value of £5.7 billion, and 73 hours in voluntary community work at a value of £5.5 billion. Older people also provide 326 hours in free care for grandchildren, parents and other family members, saving the family economy £15.5 billion in the previous year in UK as per a news coverage in The Telegraph in 2012. In India, though we don’t have available detailed statistics on older persons’ contribution to the economy, certain studies and NGOs’ experience does indicate that dependence of families on caring of young children by grandparents is an ageold tradition and is also increasing with urbanization and migration of young adults. (“Are older people a national resource?,” 2017) Hence, older people have a lot to give to the economy.

Another example is of a report by Age UK published in 2014 that revealed people aged 65 and over in the UK contributed £61 billion to the economy through employment,

Ageing in India In traditional Indian society, the children not only had the responsibility to take care of the old parents but also to perform certain tasks required for their healthy living. There was no bar for ageing, or a limit associated to the number of years one could work and hence, people continued to maintain a healthy lifestyle even after crossing 80. Adding to which the joint family structure provided social security to the elderly. However the changing family structures and poor health infrastructure, started bringing in diseases and that led to seeing elderly as a burden on the family. The social and economic role of the elderly reduced, which further led to family divisions and the concept of ‘old age homes’ coming in, attached with a social stigma of ‘abandonment’ with it.

“BREAKING THE STIGMA” However, in the present scenario things have progressed and the needs and requirements of the elderly have underwent a change. Earlier senior citizen homes were looked upon as places for those parents and elders who had been abandoned by their children. However, over the last two decades, this social stigma has faded away. Today, Indian seniors do not consider themselves seniors any more. To them, ‘senior’ is a pejorative term that is both archaic and rusty. This comes from the realization that these people have led successful lives and careers and raised successful children. These people are thoroughly modern in their views and do

not want to depend on anyone—this is the first truly revolutionary change. The stigma of parents being left on their own simply doesn’t exist for such people. Second, people also had the realization that while they had devoted their life to building something for others, it was time they did things they had never found time to do and since everything in the community is taken care of superbly, it leaves them time to pursue their passion and be with like-minded people (Bhaskaran, 2018) Hence, today, the retired and elderly prefer to live in a community with like-minded people. But there do exists issues with the current model of senior living

Problem 1- The senior living home projects are taken as real estate projects with a shear aim to capitalize without focusing on the actual social, economic and psychological needs and requirements of the elderly Problem 2- The current model of senior living aims to create a nurturing environment for the elderly by providing dedicated spaces for their living, but still establishes a disconnect with the community by locating such spaces at outskirts of cities or by not including functions that allow for inter-generational interaction, thereby widening the gap and offering no opportunity for Integration.

Why should one stop living and Working at the age of 60?

Should ageing mean living in Isolation?

Are we on a path towards an Age-Inclusive Society?

Can Senior Living spaces be more Habitable spaces? 29

PROPOSITION & area of exploration

community ensuring a higher level of satisfaction, independence, yet allowing for inter-generational interaction and bonding with all the necessary facilities provided for within the vicinity ensuring Integration of the seniors in all aspects of form, space and activity.

THROUGH THIS PROPOSITION, THE AIM IS TO:

RESEARCH QUESTION

•

Redefine the model of Senior living in India by fostering the idea of Productive ageing of the elderly.

•

Addressing the social, economic and psychological challenges faced by the elderly through creative built environment design.

•

To explore how the programmatic mix can encourage a chain of societal behavior and attitude towards the senior living.

NEED AND RELEVANCE

To explore how the concept of Integration of a Senior living community to various public functions can redefine the model of ageing in India and create a nurturing habitat for the elderly that celebrates the Process of Productive ageing in a Community.

• • •

RE-IMAGINING AGING- MIXED USE SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITY Reinstating the importance elderly designing a Mixed-use Senior living

• by

•

Expected growth rate in this sector of society Lucrative niche for advancement in spatial design and potential for social and economic development. Changing family structures requiring for change in typology of living spaces designs Current schemes focus on marketing and investment based on ownership rather than community building and interaction. Current schemes isolating this community with the rest.

“National Seniors Productive Ageing Centre (NSPAC) defines productive ageing as: “the promotion and organization of a lifestyle which enables seniors to participate actively in the economic and social advancement of the nation in a manner that will ensure they are contributors rather than dependants, while having the added benefit of enhancing their own health and wellbeing.” This definition raises the status of older persons as significant contributors to society and not solely as consumers of resources. This is a group that has acquired a lifetime of skills, knowledge and wisdom, and we need to think of creative ways of harnessing and sharing this precious resource (Bardhan et al., n.d.)

PROJECT & site SELECTED

The project aims to re-imagine ageing based on the principles of productive ageing. For this purpose a Mixed-use senior living project has been selected to explore the possibilities of Integration of the Seniors within various aspects of Form, Space and Activity, allowing for Productive Ageing. In order to achieve this objective, the project selected is located in Dwarka, Delhi. The land belongs to Delhi Development Authority and is a part of its larger development plan allocated as a zone for Public & Semi-Public Use, thus ideal to propose a project of this nature. DDA in 2016 had proposed a senior living in Dwarka sector 16, however the project has been halted and the site and proposal is being reworked upon now. Hence, this proposal has scope of being implemented as DDA is currently reworking on that project. The following parameters were used for selecting the Site • • • •

• •

Urban context- Location within the city Accessibility- Connection to transport systems Percentage of Older population in that area and around to check the feasibility of the location and usage. Percentage of Younger population around allowing for usage of other spaces and opportunity for intergenerational interaction. Current related projects/schemes for the elderly in that area - identification of the gap in master plan. The identity of the city and its potential

for development through a project of this nature. • Proximity to healthcare facilities

POTENTIAL ROLE “The space is envisaged not only as a place for fostering senior living and community building but also a Centre for intergenerational interaction, through various functions that aid in co-existence of different age groups at one place and will serve as a catalyst for establishing a synergetic relationship between all“

URBAN LEVEL ROLE At an Urban level, this space is envisaged as an anchor, where people will want to visit, stay and spend time at. It will not only nurture the senior citizens but simultaneously have a positive impact on the surroundings but generating opportunities of interaction, employment and fostering collective placemaking.

UTTAM NAGAR

DWARKA SITE LOCATION NAJAFGARH

TOWARDS I.G.I AIRPORT

Total Site Area- 36,355.8 sq m , 8.9 acres Ground Coverage- 30%, 10,906.8 sq m F.A.R- 1.2 Maximum Permissible Built up area- 43,600 sq m, 10.77 acres Maximum Height- 26m

LESSONS LEARNT AND WAY FORWARD

Re-imagine Ageing

Community

Productive Ageing

Proximity to facilities

Synergy

Inter-Generational Interaction

EXPRESSING THE PROPOSITION THROUGH THE PROJECT To reimagine ageing in a way by designing a community thats fosters productive ageing for the Senior living. The project aims to reinstate the importance elderly by ensuring a higher level of satisfaction and independence. Furthermore, the vision is to establish a centre for inter-generational interaction, through various functions that aid in co-existence of different age groups at one place and will serve as a catalyst for establishing a synergetic relationship between all with all the necessary facilities provided for within the vicinity.

Creating spaces for all age groups to allow for mutual learning and synergy

Creation of an Urban Anchor Incorporating functions and designing form and spaces in a way that it becomes an ‘ anchor’ , a HUB OF GENERATIONS, thereby redefining the identity of Dwarka.

Residential area Working zones Recreation areas Community functions Learning Centres

Access to all spaces

Promoting Chance- Encounters Designing an interlaced form and zoning functions in a way that increase the possibility of encounters

Meeting the functional requirements of a Senior Living Creation of zones and spaces specifically for the use of the baby boomer generation allowing for independent living

Mixed Use Senior Living Community

Reinstate the importance of elderly by allowing them physical access to all spaces and restricting the vice-versa.

Healthcare Facility Immediate medical response for healthy living

Way Forward- Identify areas of Research corresponding to the design Proposal

Research 1. Research Framework 2. Defining Areas of Research 3. Understanding the User Group a. Elderly in India, their Needs and Facilities required b. Problems faced by the baby boomer generation c. Reasons for Seniors to move to Old age homes. d. Various models of Senior living e. Government schemes and regulations 4. Site Level Issues a. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design b. Biophillic Designs c. Place-making d. The Public & Private Interface 5. Building Level Study a. Mixed-Use Senior living & its relevance b. Spatial requirements for Universal accessibility

Thesis Proposition Data Collection

Researching upon Site level issues and complexities

Stage Three

Stage One

Understanding the User group and the key issues involved

Stage Two Figure 1- Stages of Research Source: Author

Building Typological studies, innovations, concepts, spatial requirements

RESEARCH TOPICS I. Understanding the User Group a. Elderly in India, their needs and facilities required b. Problems faced by the baby boomer generation c. Reasons for seniors to move to old age homes & the social stigma attached to it d. Various models of Senior living e. Government schemes and regulations for this section of the society II. Site Level Issues a. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design To understand how to design built environments to ensure safer neighbourhoods, since crime is a major problem affecting the elderly b. Biophillic Designs To understand how to increase occupant connectivity to the natural environment through the use of direct nature, indirect nature, and space and place conditions. c. Habitable spaces, designing vibrant Public spaces To understand how to design vibrant public places, aspects of place-making along with residential spaces d. The Public & Private interface, understanding the thresholds (security) Understanding boundaries and various ways of designing the interface keeping the security aspect in mind. III. Building Level Study a. Mixed-Use Senior Living & its Relevance b. Spatial requirements for Universal Accessibility Comparison between ADA (American Disability Act) Standards and NBC 2016 manual for universal accessibility norms.

UNDERSTANDING THE USER GROUP

ELDERLY IN INDIA

Figure 2- Projected Growth in number of Seniors in India Source: JLL Education, Healthcare and Senior Living

In recent years, there has been a drastic shift in the ageing population. Ageing as defined is a universal process and no human can escape from it. Successful ageing is defined as a multidimensional process which encompasses physical, psychological, functional and social health. As of 2011, India has a population of 1.21 billion people. It is the second most populous country in the world, only to China. The UN defines a country as ‘ageing’ where the proportion of people over 60 reaches seven per cent. By 2000 India has exceeded that proportion (7.7%) and is expected to reach 12.6% in 2025. By that definition alone, India qualifies as an ‘Ageing’ country (Menezes and Thomas, 2018)

PROBLEMS FACED BY THE BABY-BOOMER GENERATION As one ages, there are diverse range of problems that one faces. Apart from the financial and social issues, there are a range of physical and psychological ailments an elderly facesPhysical ailments considerations-

and

there

design

1. Heart Diseases- A symptom that is linked with heart disease, which is highly common is high blood pressure. To help reduce the chances of having heart disease and high blood pressure through design is to reduce emotional and physical stress.

2. Loss of mobility- One of the major causes for loss of mobility is arthritis. Arthritis can limit range of motion causing great discomfort and unhappiness. Design elements can promote physical activity by creating a safe and enjoyable environment alleviating any frustration or stress. 3. Loss of Vision- Loss of vision is another physical challenge that elderly face as they age. Adequate lighting should be provided to ensure visual comfort for the elderly. 4. Hearing loss- Hearing loss is a major problem which also affects one’s balance. Hearing loss associated with aging is called “presbycusis.” Aging will cause the ear structure to change, reducing one’s ability to hear and maintain balance. Care has to be given while sectioning material because hard surfaces versus soft surfaces, open versus enclosed spaces can impact the audio environment for the elderly by either increasing or reducing noise. Design of safety rails and providing adequate seating spots for those having trouble in balancing is required (DeMello, 2016).

2. Strokes- It is another major issue that affects elderly. The severity of a stroke can vary greatly, often leaving one with paralysis on one side of the body and difficulties communicating. It can also damage cognitive ability leaving one feeling frustrated and even leading to depression. Hence, spaces should have options for easy communication, call in emergency situations, also should foster interaction and bonding.

(Shah, 1998). But due to modernization and change in lifestyles, the joint family system eventually started breaking down to nuclear families. Change in family structure and contemporary changes in the psycho-social matrix and values often compel the elderly to live alone or to shift from their own homes to some institutions or old age homes (Dotty, 1992, Hedge et al, 2012, Kumar et al, 2012, Devi et al, 2013, Mishra, 2008 & Mudey et al, 2011).

Companionship Environmental wellness

Some of the major reasons affecting the decision to move out are (Akbar et al., 2014) -

Physical wellness

Security

Health care

Wellness

Nutrition

Housing

Intellectual wellness Financial wellness

Spiritual wellness

Social wellness Emotional wellness

Psychological ailments and there design considerations-

Figure 3- Needs of Elderly Source: Author

1. Dementia- It leads to decline in memory. It affects a person’s ability to function on a daily basis. These losses could range from memory loss to language difficulties. Individuals find it difficult to control emotions and can have changing personalities due to spatial disorientation. Hence, environments need to be designed keeping in mind the need to create spaces that can both stimulate elderly intellectually but should also be a balance to ensure it does not lead to stress or anxiety.

WHY DO SENIORS MOVE TO OLD AGE HOMES/ SENIOR LIVING HOMES?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Misbehavior of son and daughters-in-law Poverty/ no financial support To serve the almighty God Loneliness Adjustment problem Nuclear family system Having no son Settlement of children at abroad Children do not want to keep due to psychiatric and/or physical illness 10. Life threats from children 11. To live independently/ unable to tolerate interference of family members

Providing care to the elderly was never a problem for in India due to the traditional joint family system that prevailed. This system was the socio- economic backbone, which ensured proper care and affection to elderly during times of ill health and emergency

MODELS OF SENIOR LIVING IN INDIA- OLD AGE HOME VS SENIOR LIVING Senior living homes are residential hubs, also known as retirement communities that are designed on a “campus style”, having independent units and various other facilities like community halls, recreational and medical facilities. Whereas old age homes provide minimal infrastructure for the seniors, involving shared living spaces/ dorms along with shared bathrooms. Right from food/ nutrition requirements to other facilities, old age homes are based more on a “hostel living” concept, with shared mess areas and minimal recreation spaces. On the other hand, senior living homes provide variety of options and flexibility for a user to enjoy.

serious health issues that require constant medical care and assistance. Hence, these type of facilities are designed providing all the required nursing and medical care on campus for the senior citizens. d. Continuous Care Retirement CommunitiesThese facilities have all the above mentioned typologies under one head. The same medical facilities are used for residents residing in assisted and independent living.

What is the demand for senior living in India? The research by JLL Education shows that there are four types of primary occupants of Senior living residences in IndiaType 1- Aspirational well-heeled empty nester couple wanting a better quality of life. Type 2- Ageing retiree facing early or advanced signs of constant healthcare needs. Type 3- Non- Resident coming back from outside India or from other state. Type 4- Short term stay seniors wanting to stay for 3-6 months a year.

There are various types of senior care communities -

NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL ACTION ON THIS SECTOR

a. Independent Living- This is designed to ensure independent senior enjoy an active lifestyle and stay in a community with their peers. It typically involves apartment style housing.

The National Policy of the Older Persons (1999)

b. Assisted Living- It is a combination of apartment style housing supported by private duty services, which are provided to senior citizens in need of help. It is designed for individuals who require assistance with everyday activities such as meals, medication management, or physical assistance with bathing, dressing, and transportation. c. Skilled Nursing Facility- Some people have

“The luxury senior living residences available in India are inadequate. Estimates from latest census updates and secondary research suggest that the demand for senior housing in India is 2.4 lakh units in urban areas and 51,500 residences in rural regions. As the elderly population grows, this requirement is likely to become more pressing.”- (“Forget Old-Age Homes, How India’s Senior Citizens Are Giving Life A Golden Lining,” n.d.)

The policy highlights the rising elderly population and the need to deal with the medical, psychological and socio-economic problems faced by the elderly. The policy also highlights the role of the non-governmental organizations in assisting the government in creating a nurturing environment for the elderly. The policy focuses ona. Ensuring well being of elderly so that they are not marginalized, unprotected or ignored b. Providing financial security, shelter, healthcare etc. c. Promoting an age-integrated society by

adopting mechanisms for improving intergenerational ties d. Considering elderly as a resource by promoting their inclusion within family, community and society. e. Viewing them as an agency which needs to be empowered, with regards to their voice and representation. f. Recognizing the need for social and community services with universal accessibility. Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (2002) MIPAA was adopted at the United Nations Second World Assembly on Ageing held in Madrid in 2002. The International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002 calls for changes in attitudes, policies and practices at all levels in all sectors so that the enormous potential of ageing in the twenty-first century may be fulfilled. Many older persons do age with security and dignity, and also empower themselves to participate within their families and communities. The aim of the International Plan of Action is to ensure that persons everywhere are able to age with security and dignity and to continue to participate in their societies as citizens with full rights. The action plan gives recommendations for the elderly in three directions1. Older persons and development 2. Advancing health and well-being into old age 3. Ensuring enabling an supportive environments The major focus of this plan that concerns

architects are the following issues-

Issue 4: Images of ageing

Issue 1: Housing and the living environment

1. Enhancement of public recognition of the authority, wisdom, productivity and other important contributions of older persons.

It is believed that housing and the surrounding environment are very important for the elderly people. A good housing can promote health and well being. It is also important that older persons are provided, where possible, with an adequate choice of where they live, a factor that needs to be built into policies and programmes. 1. Objective 1: Promotion of “ageing in place” in the community with due regard to individual preferences and affordable housing options for older persons. 2. Objective 2: Improvement in housing and environmental design to promote independent living by taking into account the needs of older persons in particular those with disabilities. 3. Objective 3: Improved availability of accessible and affordable transportation for older persons. Issue 2: Care and support for-caregivers 1. Objective 1: Provision of a continuum of care and services for older persons from various sources and support forcaregivers. Objective 2: Support the care giving role of older persons, particularly Issue 3: Neglect, abuse and violence 1. Elimination of all forms of neglect, abuse and violence of older persons. 2. Creation of support services to address

National Policy for Senior Citizens (2011) This policy addresses issues concerning senior citizens living in urban and rural areas, special needs of the „oldest old and older women. The areas of intervention includeI. Income security in old age- Since more than two-thirds of the people stay below poverty line, a major intervention lies providing financial security to all. For this various initiatives likeIndira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme, Public Distribution System, Income Tax, Micro finance policies have been altered. II. Healthcare- The goal is to provide affordable health service, heavily subsidized for the poor and a graded system of user charges for others. It would have a judicious mix of public health services, health insurance, health services provided by not-for-profit organizations including trusts and charities, and private medical care. III. Safety and Security- Punishments for abuse of elderly, vigil and monitor programmes, promoting mechanisms for interaction of the elderly with neighborhood associations and enrollment in special programmes in urban and rural areas. IV. Housing- Designing age friendly, barrierfree access to all spaces, developing housing

complexes for single older men and women, and for those with need for specialized care in cities, towns and rural areas, promoting age friendly facilities and standards of universal design, creation of a multi-purpose centre for social interaction are a few requirements. V. Productive Ageing- Promoting measures to create avenues for continuity in employment and/or post retirement opportunities. VI. Welfare VII. Multi-generational bonding- Promoting bonding of generations and multi-generational support VIII. Media

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • • • • • •

Spaces need to be designed, not only for physical ailments, but for psychological ailments as well. Clear, easy navigation, no mystery, no hidden spaces to cause stress and anxiety in seniors Idea should be to foster interaction and community life, at no point should isolation or sense of isolation prevail Spatial proximity to activity zones will play a crucial role. Considering elderly as a “resource”design spaces to maximize that potential Transportation facility design is a crucial aspect that has to be designed to ensure comfort.

SITE LEVEL ISSUES CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN What is CPTED? Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design is a theory that focuses on sensitive design of built environment to reduce crime and fear of crime. The aim is to design a physical environment in a manner that it positively influences the human behavior (Helms, n.d.). It is based on a set of principles which are often applied as a guide to design and construction of buildings. The benefit is that when CPTED is applied, it will discourage criminal behavior and will encourage citizens to keep a watchful eye. There are 4 main principles of CPTED1. Natural Surveillance 2. Natural access control 3. Territorial reinforcement 4. Maintenance Natural Surveillance The design of physical environment has the capacity to promote nature or informal surveillance (Painter and Tilley, 1999). If people perceive that they are being observed, even if they are not being observed, it might arouse a sense of apprehension within them. Different types of surveillance include natural (e.g.residents’ self-surveillance opportunities as facilitated by windows) formal or organized (e.g. police patrols) and mechanical surveillance strategies (e.g.

Figure 4- Principles of CPTED Source: Author

street-lighting and CCTV) (Cozens et al., 2005) Physical environments can be designed to ensure natural surveillance by• • • • •

Designing clear visual connection between public and private places Avoid dead corners, hallways, parks or potential dead zones where crime could occur Mixing of functions all along the site to ensure different activity hours and natural surveillance. Locating entrances that are clearly visible from streets. Ensuring that the landscape design does not obstruct field of surveillance of provide places to hide.

personnel) and mechanical (e.g. locks and bolts)strategies (Cozens et al., 2005) Natural access control in design can be insured by-

• •

•

Clear demarcation of entry/exit points Designing landscape and physical surroundings in a manner that they channel/deter people in/from target areas Using materials/security design in a way that deter access of people.

•

Clearly defining spaces to express a sense of ownership and reduce illegitimate use/entry.

Figure 7- Methods of ensuring Territorial Reinforcement Source: PDCP

Maintenance Promoting a positive image and routinely maintaining the built environment ensures that the physical environment continues to function effectively and transmits positive signals to all users.

Figure 6- Methods of ensuring Natural Access Source: PDCP

Territorial Reinforcement Figure 5- Methods of ensuring Natural Surveillance Source: PCDP

Natural Access Control Access control focuses on reduce crime by denying access to potential targets and creating a heightened perception of risk. It includes informal/natural (e.g. spatial definition),formal/organized (e.g. security

Territoriality is a concept aimed at reinforcing “sense of ownership” over a space. Different forms include symbolic barriers (e.g. signage) and real barriers (e.g. fences or design that clearly defines and delineates between private, semi-private and public spaces). Territorial reinforcement can be achieved in the design of the development by: • Having distinct transitions/boundaries between the public and private areas

Figure 8- Methods of ensuring Maintenance Source: PDCP

The significance of the physical condition and “image” of the built environment and the effect this may have on crime and the fear of crime. This can be achieved by encouraging design that promotes sense of place,

reduces opportunity of vandalism.

Target Hardening It aims at denying access to a potential target through the use of physical barriers such as fences, gates etc.

Activity support It involves the use of supporting activities that make a place safe. Crowe (2000) notes how within reason, activity generation and support seeks to place inherently “unsafe” activities (such as those involving money transactions) in “safe” locations (those with high levels of activity and with surveillance opportunities). Similarly, “safe” activities serve as magnets for ordinary citizens who may then act to discourage the presence of criminals. This approach clearly contains elements of territoriality, access control and surveillance.

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • • •

•

Natural Access control and Surveillance will play the most important role in design of Senior living. No space should be isolated or become a potential zone for crime for which emphasis needs to be laid on “Eyes on street” Access is to be designed in a way that seniors can move to and use the public components but the public does not move into the private spaces of the senior living community. Visual connection between some public and private components can be maintained keeping in mind the security aspect.

BIOPHILLIC ARCHITECTURE “In every walk with nature one receives far more than one seeks.”- John Muir, 19 July 1877

Biophilic design aims to connect our need to affiliate with nature in the modern built environment. It delves on the theory that the human species have evolved 99% of its history in adaptive response to natural world and not to the created or designed ones, hence there exits an innate desire to connect with nature. Therefore, Biophillic designs focus on repeated and sustained engagement with nature. It requires integrating design interventions that connect with the context and surroundings which further aids in fostering emotional attachments to spaces. These emotional attachments motivate people’s performance and productivity, and prompt us to identify with and sustain the places we inhabit (“What Is and Is Not Biophilic Design?,” n.d.).

This experience can be manifested by either having a1. Direct experience of Nature- Light, Air, Water, Plants, Animals, Natural Landscapes and Ecosystems, Weather 2. Indirect Experience of Nature- Images of Nature, Natural Materials, Natural Colors, Mobility and Way finding, Cultural and Ecological Attachment to Place, Simulating Natural Light and Air, Naturalistic Shapes and Forms, Evoking Nature, Natural

Geometries Biophilic design can reduce stress, improve cognitive function and creativity, improve our well-being and expedite healing The World Health Organization estimates that stress-related illnesses such as mental health issues and cardiovascular disease will be the two biggest contributors to ill health by 2020. The introduction of biophilic design to buildings provides its users with ways to reduce and release their stress, creating a healthier environment that people are happier to be in. Biophilic design can be organized into three categories – Nature in the Space, Natural Analogues, and Nature of the Space. This provides a framework for understanding

and enabling thoughtful incorporation of a rich diversity of strategies into the built environment (“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design,” 2014)

Nature in the Space includes1. Visual Connection with Nature 2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature through designing an auditory experience 3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli- designing ephemeral connections with nature. 4. Thermal & Airflow Variability. Subtle changes in air temperature, relative humidity, airflow across the skin, and surface temperatures that mimic natural environments. 5. Presence of Water- A condition that enhances the experience of a place

Illustration 1- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, winner of Biophilic Design award Source: Architectural Record

through seeing, hearing or touching water. 1. Dynamic & Diffuse Light- Leverages varying intensities of light and shadow that change over time to create conditions that occur in nature. 2. Connection with Natural SystemsAwareness of natural processes, especially seasonal and temporal changes characteristic of a healthy ecosystem

Natural Analogues Natural Analogues addresses organic, non-living and indirect evocations of nature. Objects, materials, colors, shapes, sequences and patterns found in nature, manifest as artwork, ornamentation, furniture, décor, and textiles in the built environment. Natural Analogue experiences are achieved by providing information richness in an organized and sometimes evolving manner. Natural Analogues can be achieved by1. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns. 2. Material Connection with Nature. 3. Materials and elements having the same texture as of natural elements 4. Complexity & Order. Rich sensory information that adheres to a spatial hierarchy similar to those encountered in nature. Nature of the Space includes: 1. Prospect. An unimpeded view over a distance, for surveillance and planning. 2. Refuge. A place for withdrawal from

environmental conditions or the main flow of activity, in which the individual is protected from behind and overhead. 1. Mystery. The promise of more information, achieved through partially obscured views or other sensory devices that entice the individual to travel deeper into the environment. 2. Risk/Peril. An identifiable threat coupled with a reliable safeguard.

Biophillic design for Senior living While designing living spaces for the elderly it must be ensured that the space must have enough stimuli to encourage activity but must still be safe and not cause feelings of frustration. It is not only important to maintain the physical health of the elderly , but it is also critical to consider the psychological, physiological, and emotional health of the occupants of our buildings. Studies have shown that nature can enhance healing and aid recovery, which can further improve the cognitive function, such as concentration and memory. This concept can be beneficial in designing a senior living for individuals dealing with dementia, as they can often become disoriented and therefore nature can play a major role in acting as a way finding mechanism by potentially increasing views of nature from within circulation spaces(“Designing biophilia in senior living communities,” 2018). According to Clare Cooper Marcus there are three types of healing occurs in aged people when being exposed to nature. The first is “relief from physical symptoms” or at least the relief from awareness of those symptoms.

The is key for long-term illnesses such as dementia as being constantly reminded of one’s disability can have negative impacts such as depression or anger. The second type of healing is stress reduction. Dealing with any medical condition can be emotionally and physically draining for both the patient but also family members and staff. As one ages, motor skills decline which decreases mobility and makes daily tasks difficult. Loss of abilities is one of the causes of stress in dementia patients, along with loss of memory and realizing one’s dementia is progressing

Illustration 2- Ribeirao Preto Residence in Brazil Source: Dezeen

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES Care has to be given while designing the Visual experience, Openings/windows/ fenestrations and designing a tangible experience by providing opportunity to feel the heat of the sun, the breeze in the air or the plants or rocks in the natural environment that can have a powerful effect on the brain and outlook

PLACEMAKING Place-making is a collaborative process which deals with the creation of unique places that people enjoy being a part of, remember and use extensively for their day to day activities (McDonough, 2013.). It concerns the linkages between places, movement, the urban form, nature and the built fabric (Project for Public Spaces, n.d.). The place-making process places people at the core of places, either through the use of a participatory approach by understanding people’s perceptions and aspirations through programs that generate positive relationships in/to/with the place (Project for Public Spaces, n.d.).

Why is Place-making Important? The activation of public spaces can be done through effective place-making which applies to an entire district or a single neighborhood to improve the quality of life of people residing there. The importance of place-making can be summed under the following points: Place-making is important because it: • • • • •

Promotes Sense of Comfort Nurtures and defines a sense of community Promotes good health Creates improved accessibility Builds and supports the local economy

Principles of Place-making An effective public space can be accomplished when the complexity of the

place is well understood. Project for Public Spaces, an organization that effectively works on the revitalization of public spaces, has given certain principles of place-making through which public spaces can be transformed into vibrant community spaces. These principles are: The community knows the best. The starting point in developing the concept for any public space is to identify the users of the space . Valuable perspectives and insights can be identified through the interaction with users- this can in turn help to build a sense of community ownership in the project. Way ahead- Identify stakeholders, prepare a survey to understand the users and context. Create a place, not a design. The design of the space is not the deciding factor for the creation of a place. To convert an under performing space into a ‘vital’ space, several physical and social components should be introduced like providing adequate access, creating active uses, economic opportunities, seatings, landscaping elements, etc. Way ahead- Understand the activities present in the context to identify potential functions that can activate spaces. Make and act an observation. The assessment of public spaces can be done by observing and understanding the space- what makes it work, what you like about it, what do you dislike about it, etc. The activities happening in the place have to be closely observed and design decisions should be taken accordingly.

Way ahead- Spend time on site to understand the interaction of the site with the context. Have a Vision The character, activities, use and meaning of a public space is addressed by the vision which is in turn defined by the people who inhabit the place. Triangulate “Triangulation is the process by which external stimulus provides a linkage between people and prompts strangers to other strangers as if they knew each other.” (Holly Whyte, n.d.) The arrangement of different elements in relation to each other fosters activity and social interaction in a public space (Farr 2018). Way ahead- Generate a vision and prepare diagrams to understand the interaction on site Form Supports Function The concept and form of a public space should be derived based on the input from the users, the understanding of adjacent spaces and the experimentation in the process. Way ahead- Discuss the ideas with direct users of the space.

Key attributes of Place-making Good places are the places that allow for congregation to occur, where various socialeconomic changes can take place and there is a constant intermix of culture. They sustain an environment that allows for interactions at various scales. The project for public spaces mentions four major attributes that are crucial in effective place-making. Sociability It is one of the most important factors contributing to effective place-making. A stronger sense of place is achieved when people tend to meet other people, connect with them and interact, a sense of comfort and attachment is induced and hence designing spaces that foster such interaction becomes imperative. (“What Makes a Successful Place?”, n.d.) Uses and Activities Uses and activities invite people to the space and they are also the factors that transform the space into a place. They act as basic building blocks playing an important role in spatial activation. Whenever a space is empty, one feels disconnected and loses interest in exploring it further (“What Makes a Successful Place?,” n.d.). Furthermore, the elements of place-making can be brought together through the act of successful zoning and segregation/mix of land uses.

Figure 9- Attributes of Placemaking Source: Project for Public Spaces

Comfort and Image Comfort plays a major role in determining the

image of a space. If a space is comfortable and is well presented, it projects a completely different and appealing image as compared to a shabby space. (“What Makes a Successful Place?,” n.d.) Moreover, the level of security in the space as well as the sanitation practices play an important role in making a person feel comfortable in a place. Access and Linkages

related to spatial control of the space by an individual or group (Architectural Built Form and Public Dialogue: An Evaluation of Public Wall in its Communicative Role, 2006). Change refers to the quality of public space to evolve and adapt to the needs of the user. The ownership and disposition transcend the above factors in affecting the publicness of a space. Understanding Public Spaces and their Relationship with Place-making

Degree of Publicness

• •

Public Wall in its Communicative Role, 2006) Accessibility deals with physical, visual and symbolic terms. The freedom of action in a public space is the minimised restriction of activity in the space. Claim is

• • • •

Connections determine the accessibility of a place, both visual and physical. A successful public place is one which is very easy to get through and is visible both from up close and at a distance(“What Makes a Successful Place?,” n.d.) The edge conditions also play a vital role in determining this accessibility. This further contributes to the aspect of safety and security with reference to the “eyes on street concept”. For example, a row of shops facing the street appears safer to walk than a blank wall or empty streets (“The Public Square,” n.d.). Hence, accessible and connected spaces have higher turnover and footfall (“What Makes a Successful Place?,” n.d.).

The degree of publicness is determined by the rights of people using the public space, which is: access, freedom of action, claim, change, ownership and disposition (Architectural Built Form and Public Dialogue: An Evaluation of

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES

“Streets and their sidewalks, and main public spaces of a city are its most vital organs” Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Some key methods are• • • •

•

Keeping it simple and flexible to increase adaptability Making public places universally accessible Highlighting the context via the design Designing for the people and not for automobiles Enabling exploration of all 5 human senses Understanding the importance of community engagements and opinions Developing a public place is a neverending process

•

Spaces should be designed in a manner to create multiple opportunities for interaction. They should be visible from a distance to invite people Multiple activities and functions should be designed to attract larger footfall The space should be comfortable, both visually and experientially. Imageability might come from designing of facade, establishing a unique built expression. Edges should be permeable, ease of access should be provided.

UNDERSTANDING THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE INTERFACE

PUBLIC

private

SEMI-PRIVATE

SEMI-PUBLIC INTERFACE

Figure 10- Understanding the Interface Source: Author

The social space is subdivided into private and public spheres, which are defined by symbolic and physical borders (Madanipour, 2003).The level where public and private realms meet forms their borders. These take two different roles as mediators between the spheres. In this way, they are defining and separating them, while on the other hand, they are connecting them (Madanipour, 2003).These spaces shape the character of each sphere and act as edges which demarcate and act as a transition between. In this transition space which is present between the two realms, exist thresholds which mark the distinct boundaries of the two realms. The threshold and the transition space formed between the public and the private are the points where identities are constructed and social interaction happens (Dovey & Wood 2015).

1. Accessible/inaccessible- This variable describes the degree to which the public/ private inter-face is permeable or porous as a pedestrian entry to private property. Access establishes the interface activity or lack thereof; it enables pedestrianflow across the interface. 2. Direct/setback-This focuses on understanding whether the primary entry into the private space is sitting directly at the boundary, or is there a transition space in between. 3. Opaque/transparent-Transparency is important because it extends the public gaze from the street into private space, enabling commercial and social exchange. In contrast, opacity removes any sense of ambiguity from boundary conditions and clearly hints at the presence of a private space beyond. 4. Car access disconnects access from, and cuts across, pedestrian flows. The car/ pedestrianvariable aligns with the public/ private axis to some degree, in the sense that the car is a bubble of privacy within public space.

But what is a public and private sphere? Public sphere refers to the whole body of society and the state. That means that public space is controlled by the state and available and used by the society whereas private sphere is a space that is free from disturbance or intrusion; seclusion; absence or avoidance of publicity or display; secrecy; a private or personal matter; a secret’. The intensive and complicated character of modern life has made the individual’s retreat a necessity. (Parent, 1983). The interactions that exist can be of various typologiesAccessible/inaccessible, Direct/Setback, Opaque/Transparent, Car/Pedestrian (Dovey and Wood, n.d.)

Figure 11- Interface typologies Source: Author

Examples

PHYSICAL ACCESSIBILITY

DESIGNING BOUNDARIES

VISUAL ACCESSIBILITY Physical Boundaries

Signs, Fences

ACCESSIBILITY TO THE OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT

Figure 12- Types of Accessibility Source: Author

The Safety aspect The interface between public and private are also very crucial from a safety point of view. According to Carofalo (1981) one’s perception of safety involves affective aspects , cognitive aspects, gauging the danger or consequences, behavioral aspects and avoidance or protection. He further suggests that an individual first gets a feeling of some condition, image or situation, and then s/he assesses the situation (cognitive element) and finally makes a behavioral decision. Jacobs argued that urban spaces, should be designed with broader aspects of urban form, mixed land uses; and that there must be “eyes on the street”, those belonging to “natural owners” of the street. Jacob’s asserts that people feel confident to be within urban areas when they are not isolated from contact with the larger urban realm These interfaces can be designed in various forms and hence can be categorized as Physical boundaries, surface boundaries, signages, landscape boundaries etc.

Impermeable

Permeable

Temporal

Walls Fences

Kerbs Bollards Gates

Hedges Kiosks Shelters

Surface Boundaries

Rough

Smooth

Levels

Paving stones Cobbles Tiles Tarmac Asphalt

Soil Sand Grass Water

Ramps Steps

Figure 13- Examples of Interface Source: Author

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • • •

Interface can be functional or non-functionals based on site plan and zoning It shall be spatially disconnected by the virtue of physical surface boundaries or by incorporating functions a buffer zones between the two. There shall be use of contrasting material to create a difference in ownership of space.

BUILDING LEVEL

WHY MIXED- USE? WHY IT WORKS?

Don’t Box them in!

Mixed use senior living can be defined as a senior living community that includes features that are not only open to the residents but are also for the members of the surrounding community. There exists three types of mixed use senior living communities, the first one being the horizontal mixed use which includes multiple plots run by multiple operators in one area. The sites take advantage of walk-ability and accessible shopping and built out than up. The second one is the vertical mixed use typology where various functions are stacked one on top of the other. The last one are master planned communities that situate senior living with other functions to create an inclusive living experience (Smith, n.d.)

Centre. It features 135 units comprised of 67 assisted living apartments, 34 units designated for those with mild cognitive impairments, and 34 dementia-care units, as well as retail and restaurants on the ground floor and a Hyatt Hotel, the $55 million tower offers a sky bridge to the hospital. The stacking of functions and establishing urban connections has activated and made this place an active urban anchor in the city of Mexico.

Mixed use senior living works for the following reasons•

MIXED USE SENIOR LIVING The senior living demand in India is changing now more than ever. The seniors seek different housing models that allow them to stay connected to the city, its people and maintain an inter-generational interaction. They want walkable access to retail, entertainment zones and health care. Elders are wanting to stay close to their loved ones. In short, their lifestyles, needs and desires are all changing and these changes are thereby influencing the development in this sector.

• • • •

General desire to live in the cities, more urban environment with access to more social and cultural experience and healthcare facilities Easy access to urban amenities Economically feasible, as the building is split among several parties who benefit from the location and synergy of uses. The communal benefits and synergies between tenants and their stakeholders. More choice and options for living

Example of mixed use senior livingBelmont Village Santa Fe located in Mexico City It is adjacent to the respected ABC Medical

Illustration 3- Belmont Village Santa Fe Mexico, Source: Google Image search

BUILDING LEVEL SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 14- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 15- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 16- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 17- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 18- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 19- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 20- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 21- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 22- Spatial requirement for Universal accessibility Source: Author

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • •

Spaces should be designed with universal accessibility. Walk-ability to major amenities shall be ensured.

KEY INFERENCES

Spaces need to be designed, not only for physical ailments, but for psychological ailments as well.

Spatial proximity to activity zones will play a crucial role.

No space should be isolated or become a potential zone for crime for which emphasis needs to be laid on “Eyes on street”

Access is to be designed in a way that seniors can move to and use the public components but the public does not move into the private spaces of the senior living community.

Imageability might come from designing of facade, establishing a unique built expression.

Care has to be given while designing the Visual experience,Openings/windows/ fenestrations and designing a tangible experience by providing opportunity to feel the heat of the sun, the breeze in the air or the plants or rocks in the natural environment that can have a powerful effect on the brain and outlook

Way Forward- Identify Case Studies and analyse the co-relation of areas of research with case studies and there methods of application in design

CASE STUDIES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

CASE STUDIES selection

Case studies selected in groups for the following reasons1. Group A- To understand privately run senior living communities, the facilities and spatial design. Two out of three are located within city, thus relating directly to the design vision. 2. Group B- To understand upcoming/ already constructed projects based on international standards and influences in design. 3. Group C- To understand an international example of a mixed use senior living community

The following parameters will be used for analysing the case studies1. Location and Context 2. Site Area 3. Built up area 4. Occupancy 5. Building Orientation 6. Climate 7. Built-Open relationship 8. Movement system 9. Functions (Plan and sections), Percentage mix 10. User Group 11. Room types, sizes 12. Additional facilities provided, financial model 13. Architectural featuresa. Material b. Structure c. Security d. Services e. Facade/ Built expression f. Sustainability features 14. Miscellaneous Case studies selected are-

recreational spaces. 3. Nursing Home For The Elderly In Mishima, Japan This project aspires to encourage interaction between the residents of this Nursing Home Facility as well as among the surrounding community in a setting beautified by a view of the Izu mountain range in the distance and topped by the uplifting scene of Mt. Fuji.

Group B 3. The Virtuouso, Bangalore It is a privately run senior living home and serviced residences located in Bangalore. The project is proposed and is to be completed by 2024. It has been designed based on international standards. 4. Parkside Retirement home, Bangalore It is a privately run senior living retirement homes in Bangalore. It was completed in 2018. The design is based on traditional courtyard concept with a modern take.

Group A 1. Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand It is a privately run senior living home and wellness community located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The site area is 14 acres and has various kinds of residential and recreational spaces. 2. Golden Estate, Faridabad It is a privately run senior living home and wellness community located in Faridabad. The site has various kinds of residential and

Group C Armstrong Francisco

Place

Senior

Housing,

San

It is a privately run senior living retirement home located in San Francisco, USA. This complex development fills a formerly industrial city block with an innovative housing mix: Affordable urban town homes, senior living homes and retail areas. It is closely connected to rail network.

ANTARA SENIOR LIVING , UTTARAKHAND Architect

Perkins Eastman

Year Completed

2017

Site area

56656 sq m

Built up area

70748 sq m

Occupancy

320 people

Building height, No. of floors

G+3-G+5

User Group

60+

REASONS FOR STUDY 1. One of the recent senior living communities with all modern facilities. 2. Variety of spatial layouts to study and understand 3. Area closest to the proposed area for thesis 4. Similar user group and target audience, hence comparable

Antara is a comprehensive ecosystem. Spread over 14 acres, Antara Dehradun is designed by Perkins Eastman of New York and Esteva i Esteva Arquitectura of Spain and built by India’s most experienced construction company, Shapoorji Pallonji. With a 50,000 sq. ft clubhouse, over 200 bespoke apartments ranging from 1400 sq. ft to 6600 sq. ft. and an operating team of over 200 people, the Antara community is based on the principles of Sevabhav, Credibility and Excellence

Illustration 4- Antara Senior Living, Source: Antara Senior Care

Functions

Location and Context Learning- Can design series of small open spaces connected with a large circulation spine by the virtue of fragmenting built forms based on functions and designing a tying thread.

Movement

Illustration 5- Context Plan Antara Senior Living Home, Source: Author

• • • • •

The complex is located in Guniyal Gaon, Uttarakhand Surrounded by Temple, Clubhouses, Restaurants, Residential spaces The climate type is Cold and Cloudy Multiple orientations, major North-South Gated community

Illustration 7- Functional Diagram, Source: Antara Senior

Illustration 6- Ground floor plan Source: Author

Built-Open Relationship • • • •

The space has been designed as a low rise, high density complex. Open spaces are both inward and outward looking Designed on a residential resort concept Connection with context through continuum of open spaces on all edges.

Learning- Experience at ground level, visual connect 20% Built

Pedestrian movement Pedestrian and golf carts Vehicular

• • • •

Pedestrian movement through nature Vehicles restricted outside Internal pedestrian spine, used by golf carts also Gated community

Residential 1. Residence 1 (G+3+P) 2.Residence 2 (G+3+P) 3.Residence 3 (G+3+P) 4.Residence 4 (G+4) 5.Residence 5 (G +5) 6.Residence 6 (G+5) 7. Residence 7 (G+4) 8.Residence 8 (G+4)

Facilities 01. Putting Green 02. Temple 03. The Den 04. The theatre 05. The bar 06. The lobby 07. The Private Dining 08 The Pool 09 The Courts 10. The Gym 11. Way to Basement

Residential Residential Residential Residential

80% Open

Learning- Restricting the vehicular movement to the entrance area and designing the entire facility as golf cart accessible.

Basement Parking Figure 23- Schematic Section of Antara Senior Living, Source: Author

•

Residential apartments at all levels, no functional intermixing observed

•

Single basement parking for residents and visitors

Room types

Public-private relationship

Type A: 494 - 566 sq.m

Illustration 8- Public Private Relationship Source: Author

• • •

Major residential zone detached from the recreation zone Option to visit that area for interaction and recreation Recreation area surrounded by green spaces to spill out to.

Learning- Social interaction is becoming an option in this case as designed as a separate entity which is far off.

Type B: 375 - 440 sq.m Illustration 9- Room typologies, Source: Antara Senior Living

Learning-Very Luxurious apartment spaces, due to availability of land for construction.

Learning • Each residence has a mixture of apartment sizes so as to promote social bonding. • Several apartments provided with large balconies and terraces to allow the benefit of being outdoors. Ground floor apartments provided with sun decks and private garden areas.

Type C: 311 - 336 sq.m

Type D: 237 - 351 sq.m. • • •

Type E: 186 - 312 sq.m.

Type F: 133 - 251 sq.m.

Large size windows allowing ample daylight and natural ventilation ineach apartment. VRF HVAC systems allowing temperature settings as per comfort. Rounded corners to ensure smooth edges.

Cluhouse Design Built up area- 4600 sq m aprox. • • • •

Designed on the lower 2 floors Proximity to open spaces Outward looking, capturing views Main recreational hub

Facilities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Entrance Porch Lobby Theatre Workshop Card Room Library Games room Bar Dining (Verandah) Private Dining room Community Kitchen Dining (Indoor) Grocery Health Bar Gym Spa

17. Pool Deck 18. Yoga Pavillion

Illustration 10- Clubhouse plan, Source: Studio Lotus

Learning-Variety of facilities, all in close proximity as one integrated unit.

Material & Structure

• • •

Security • • • • • • •

CCTV cameras Security guard rooms, frisking rooms Security visits BMS room Smoke detectors Sprinklers Apartments have access control at the ground floor level with smart cards for the safety and security of residents

elements in facade Contrast with the landscape yet camouflaging with the sky. Visual balance

Sustainability Illustration 11- View of Antara Senior Living, Source: Google image search

• • • •

Masonry and RCC Structure Plastered walls Grey walls Brown (wooden) members to highlight

• • • • •

Solar panels installed on the roof Rainwater harvesting system Minimal cut and fill Native plant zones Double glazed windows and doors for reducing energy consumption and

climate control.

Vision/ Concept • •

Focus on physical, spiritual and emotional needs of residents. Designing an ecosystem.

DESIGN DIRECTIVES/major conclusions • • • •

Restricting vehicular movement to a zone Fragmenting building types based on functions and connecting them through landscape design Spatial requirements in unit designs Possibilities of amenities for senior living- Designing living homes more like Residential resorts.

GOLDEN ESTATE, FARIDABAD Architect

Mr. Anup Naik

Year Completed

2013

Site area

1765 sq m

Built up area

6503 sq m

Occupancy

Building height, No. G+2 of floors 60+ User Group

REASONS FOR STUDY 1. Located within the city with various amenities within the vicinity. 2. Variety of spatial layouts to study and understand 3. Interesting spatial concept-”Mohalla” 4. Similar user group and target audience, hence comparable 5. Proximity to Urban village, comparable

The Golden Estate is a senior citizen home care in India offers premium living for seniors. It provides three types of living facilities (Independent, Assisted and Post- Operative care). There are various other recreational facilities that are provided by the living home.

Ilustration 12- Golden Estate Faridabad, Source: Google Image Search

Location and Context

Public-private Relationship

Learning- Open spaces are inadequate for healthy living.

Residential

Movement

Residential Residential

Residential Residential Illustration 13- Context Plan, Source: Author

• • • • •

The complex is located in Central Greens, Near B.K Hospital Chowk, NIT, Faridabad Surrounded by Hospital ( 5mins away), College, Commercial, Residential facilities. The climate type is Composite Major orientation , Longer axis East-West Gated community

Learning- Security has been ensured through building high walls all around

Built-Open Relationship • • •

The space has been designed as a mid rise, high density complex. There are very few open spaces to spill out to Similar form used for clustering, hence uniformity in the proportion of spaces all around 75% Built

25% Open

Amenities Figure 24- Schematic Section of Golden Estate, Source: Author

Illustration 14- Movement system, Source: Author

Pedestrian movement Vehicular • •

Pedestrian and vehicular movement overlap Similar route is used by for service movement

Learning- Vehicular movement systems clash with open spaces and pedestrian spine. Inefficient.

Functions • • • • • •

• •

Residences Spa Gymnasium Lawn areas Medical support indoor games area, the entertainment area, the wellness centre, the gym, the library or the business center.

Residential units at all levels Functional intermixing is observed in certain towers only where the lower floors house the common amenities.

Room types • • •

Designed on the concept of Suites and Studios to cater to different needs Apartments with balconies Large size windows to allow light

Learning- Efficient amenities.

space

allocation

for

Suite: 41.8 sqm-55.7 sq m

Suite: 41.8 sq m- 55.7 sq m

Additional facilities • •

Provision for Dining and Dietary Planning Housekeeping

Studio: 26.4 sqm-48.7 sq m

Studio: 26.4 sqm-48.7 sq m Illustration 15- Room Typologies Source: Author

• •

Laundry Provision for family members to stay

Services • •

Water tank on roof Pipes concealed behind jaali in facade

Security • • Illustration 16- Corridor View, Source: Golden Estate

•

The entire circulation corridor has grab rails to give support for walking

•

Pockets of open spaces at regular intervals to allow daylight within the circulation areas

Material & Structure

• •

Electronic surveillance for common areas to ensure detection of any mishap as soon as it happens. A single, manned entry/exit gate, constantly monitored, without invading residents’ privacy, yet keeping them safe and sound. Emergency ‘Call-Point’ installed in each living area and in the toilets of all units CCTV Monitoring

Vision/ Concept • •

Inspiration from the ‘Joint family system’, idea of one big family. Clustering- ‘Mohalla’ concept where neighbours are emotionally bonded as a family.

DESIGN DIRECTIVES/major conclusions

Illustration 17- Outdoor View, Source: Golden Estate

• • • • • • • •

Masonry and RCC Structure Plastered walls White walls Rhythm in facade Camouflaging with the sky Visual balance Similar height everywhere Jaali pattern used as visual break

• Sizing and space allocation in unitsEfficient • Rhythm in facade and concealing services using jaali • Major learning on what not to design in circulation

NURSING HOME FOR ELDERLY, MISHIMA Architect

Motoyasu Muramatsu

Year Completed

2008

Site area

3103.39 sq m

Built up area

970.94 sq m

Occupancy

80 people

Building height, No. of floors

G+2

User Group

60+

REASONS FOR STUDY 1. Located within the city 2. Focusess on experiential design of nursing homes, which is one component of the residential typology. 3. Interesting integration of nature with the built environment through continuum of green spaces and courts

This project aspires to encourage interaction between the residents of this Nursing Home Facility as well as among the surrounding community. The surrounding environment, the five-storey structure envelopes an interior open space featuring a tree-filled garden and, on each floor, greenery dotted here and there in terraces to ensure a tranquil environment for the residents. From the vehicle turn around at the north of the building through the glass entrance to the lobby, the interior garden is visibly linked with external surroundings to form a sense of continuity.

Illustration 18- Nursing Home Mishima Japan, Source: World Architecture forum

Location and Context

80% Built

20% Open Learning- Design can be inward looking, provided a visual experience is designed. Relates to the current site, as no contextual views.

Movement

Illustration 19- Context Plan, Source: Author

• • •

•

The complex is located in Matsumoto, Mishima-shi, Shizuoka Japan Surrounded by Residential, Industrial and market area. The climate type is Humid sub-tropical (hot summer, cool winter) hence courts have been designed to provide natural cooling. Longer axis- East-West

Built-Open Relationship • • • •

The space has been designed as a mid rise, high density complex. Open spaces are all inward looking Designed on a courtyard concept, no open spaces outside. Connection with context through transparency at ground level

Learning- Experience at ground level, visual connect

Illustration 20- Ground Floor Plan, Source: IDU Terrace

1. Porch 2. Entrance 3. Foyer 4. Reception 5. Office 6. Conference room 7. Elevator 8. Bathroom 9. Changing room 10. Multipuropose room

11. Kitchen 12. Tearoom for staff 13. Entrance for staff 14. Night duty room 15. Consultation room 16. Locker room 17. Laundry 18. Machine room 19. Back porch 20. Garbage

21. Court 22. Bedsit 23. Dayroom 24. Dining room 25. Nurse station 26. Terrace 27. Balcony 28. Connecting corridor 29. Gallery

Public-Private relationship

Learning- Separation of service and main entry. Keeping the vehicular movement restricted to prevent any clash point between pedestrian and vehicular movement.

Functions

Illustration 23- South Elevation Source: Author

Illustration 21- First Floor Plan Source: IDU Terrace

Illustration 24- North-South Elevation Source: Author

• • Second floor plan Illustration 22- Second Floor Plan, Source: IDU Terrace

•

Day rooms and dining halls have been designed on each floor facing the courtyard , thereby ensuring cross visual connection and activation of space at all levels. Each dining space is adjacent to a semi covered terrace space.

All the public amenities are dispersed around the movement corridor for the rooms. Visual connection between all spaces allows for interaction

Learning- Cross- connection between levels is important to create healthy community building

Room • • •

Designed with minimal furniture Large window for natural light and connect with nature Cluster around a courtyard

Illustration 25- Interior Room View, Source: Google Image search

Additional facilities

•

Seamless connection with nature through transparent material at ground level.

Material & Structure

Illustration 26- View of Spaces, Source: IDU Terrace

• • • • • •

Steel Structure Plaster finish with paint Contrasting expression with respect to surrounding Robust form, striking use of colour Sold block with porosity at lower level connecting inside and outside Emphasis on elevation towards road

Security

•

Built in seaters at corners to sit and relax

• • •

No boundaries No entrance gate Entrance porch where people greeted

Sustainability • •

Courtyards and cross ventilation Green spaces at all levels

Vision/Concept •

•

Terraces at all level, visual connection between towers

Integration of the built with nature, creation of a serene environment for the elderly, concept of central courtyard with spaces arranged around

DESIGN DIRECTIVES/major conclusions • Restricting vehicular movement to a zone • Ground floor porosity, continuum of green open spaces for user experience. • Locating all amenities towards the courtyard, cross visual connection between all spaces. • Built in seating spaces at regular intervals. 83

THE VIRTUOSO, BANGALORE Architect

Columbia Pacific, Perkins Eastman, Venkataramanan associates

Year Completed

2024

Site area

8093 sq m

Built up area

Occupancy

158 units

Building height, No. of floors

B+G+9

User Group

60+

REASONS FOR STUDY 1. Located within the city with various amenities within the vicinity. 2. Integration of various modern amenities within spatial design. 3. Understanding unit type and sizes

The Virtuoso Bangalore is a proposed senior living and serviced residences in Bangalore designed on ADA standards. It is L-shaped by design, to maximum sunshine.It has residential (independent), recreational and dining facilities designed to international standards.

Illustration 27- The Virtuouso, Source: Columbia Communities

Location and Context

75% Built

The podium also houses few of the public amenities with spill out spaces. Rest of the floors have purely residential spaces with intermixing of unit typologies.

25% Open

Movement

Illustration 28- Context Plan Source: Author

• • •

Learning- The L shape geometry allows for both views, as well as works well climatologically. Proximity to airport brings in footfall.

Built-Open Relationship • • • •

Illustration 30- First Floor plan, Source: https://www. columbiacommunities.in/project/virtuoso/

The complex is located in Budigere, East Bangalore Hospital, Airport, Train station, School, Shopping centre, IT Park in close proximity. The climate type is Moderate. Longer axis North west-South East

The space has been designed as a high rise, complex. Open spaces are all outward looking. One consolidated, tower with podium containing public functions. Very few open spaces to as compared to the built form.

• • •

Doubly loaded corridor Presence of swimming pool and lawn areas at this level. All unit typologies to allow for variety.

Illustration 29- Ground floor plan Source: Columbia Pacific Communities

Ground floor plan Vehicular movement all around Pedestrian movement inside Clash points at entrances Basement and Surface (110) parking spaces provided Learning- Segregation of vehicular and pedestrian movement is important. There shouldn’t be any clash point between open space and vehicular movement. • • • •

Functions The ground level is used for public functions.

•

Mix of unit typologies to ensure uniformity at all levels

Illustration 31- Typical Floor plan, Source: https:// www.columbiacommunities.in/project/virtuoso/

Typical floor plan

Room type

01. Barbeque area 02. Rooftop Lounge 03. Yoga Deck 04. Community Planting Patch 05. Rooftop garden 06. Outdoor Movie Screen 07. Open terrace for solar panels

Boutique: 42.3 sq m

Premier: 51.8 sq m

Illustration 32- Terrace Floor Plan, Source: https://www.columbiacommunities.in/project/virtuoso/

• •

Terraces have also been designed as social spaces for elderly to interact. Functions-Barbeque area, rooftop lounge, yoga deck, Rooftop garden, Outdoor movie screening area

Public-Private Relationship Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential

Grande: 76.7 sq m

Residential Residential Public

Residential

Figure 25- Schematic Section of The Virtuoso Source: Author

• • •

Ground floor entirely public. Public spaces at podium level as well to activate it Typical floor plate entirely private

Presidential: 102.3 sq m Illustration 33- Room Typologies Source: https://www.columbiacommunities.in/project/virtuoso/

Learning- All living spaces have views outside, ample space for circulation, wheelchair friendly.

• • • •

Each floor has a mixture of apartment sizes so as to promote social bonding. All apartments have balcony spaces Rounded corners to ensure smooth edges. Large size windows allowing ample daylight and natural ventilation in each apartment.

Additional facilities Ground level • Restaurants • Bistro • Laundry • Library

First level • Theatre • Jogging track • Gym • Nutritional centre

Amenities • Club • Business Centre • SPA • Wellness centre • Community spaces • Multi purpose hall • Beverage station • Salon Podium • Swimming pool • Gardens

Material & Structure

• •

Masonry and RCC Structure Plastered walls

• •

Simple facade Play of horizontal and vertical elements

Services • •

Water tank on roof Rest services in basement

Security • • • •

CCTV cameras Each wing has 1 stretcher lift and 2 wheelchair compliant lifts. Round the clock security with intercom facility. CCTV Camera at all vantage points.

Sustainability •

Solar panels installed on the roof

Vision/ Concept • • •

Vibrant ecosystem Senior living in India- modern, independent-catering to changing needs Fostering interaction and community building

DESIGN DIRECTIVES/major conclusions • • •

Illustration 34- 3d View Source: Columbia Pacific Community

•

Doubly loaded corridor for clustering of units at each level Design of a podium to house all amenities at one consolidated location. Designing units such that all spaces have visual access to outside. Enhancing user experince. Provision of various facilities at podium as well as roof level.

PARKSIDE RETIREMENT HOME, BANGALORE Architect

Mindspace

Year Completed

2018

Site area

278709 sq m

Built up area

Occupancy

156 units

Building height, No. of floors

G+8

User Group

60+

REASONS FOR STUDY 1. Located within the city with various amenities within the vicinity. 2. Variety of spatial layouts to study and understand 3. Interesting spatial concept-”Courtyards”, volumetric play 4. Similar user group and target audience, hence comparable

Park side retirement homes houses 156 number of 1+2 bhk units with all handicap friendly and wheelchair accessible spaces. The site has a view towards Kempegowda International Airport on South and an existing temple of worship towards North. As a response to this context podium level is opened up and connected to the temple with wide steps and cascading terraces at higher levels along the South side is created to view the flights take off and land.

Illustration 35- Parkside Retirement Home, Source: https://www.archdaily.com/901829/parkside-retirement-homesmindspace

Location and Context Learning- Design can be inward looking, provided a visual experience is designed. Relates to the current site, as no contextual views.

Movement

Illustration 38- Stilt Floor Plan Source: Brigade Orchards

Illustration 36- Context Plan, Source: Author

• • •

The complex is located in Boodigere Road, Brigade Orchards Spinal Road, Devanahalli, Bangalore Located near airport, train station, retail, tech park and a hospital The climate type is Moderate. Longer axis East-West, hence shading devices designed to cut off sunlight.

Learning- Response to the airport is unique. Gated community for security aspect. Designed as one consolidated block, but with punctures to create dynamism. Built-Open Relationship • The space has been designed as a mid rise, high density complex. • Open spaces are all inward looking, with no connection with the context • Designed on a courtyard concept, no open spaces outside. 80% Built

20% Open

Illustration 37- Movement Plan Source: Brigade Orchards

1. Main Entry 2. Secondary Entrance 3. Differential Paved area 4. Driveway 5. Pathway

• •

6. Seaters 7. Plaza 8. Concrete Driveway 9. Parking 11. Organic waste converter 12. Transformer Yard Stilt floor for parking and services Vehicles allowed inside

Illustration 39- Sectional View Source: Brigade Orchards

Elevation • • •

Volumetric play in elevation Designed to minimize the visual experience of height Reads as one consolidated unit facade

Functions The lowermost floor is used for parking (91 car spaces) and houses services like staff quarter, kitchen, dining, electrical and communication services.

Facilities 1. Temple 2. Physiotherapy 3. Gymnasium 4. TV Room 5. Lounge 6. Outdoor dining 7. Western Entry 8. Lobby 9. Mailbox room 10. Indoor dining 11. Admin block 12. Kitchen 13. Salon 14. Convenience store 15. Eastern entry 16. Amphitheatre 17. Store

All public amenities around the court , thereby activating it.

Section • • • •

Shows the volumetric play with solid and voids Presence of skylight from east direction, natural light in inner courtyard Views of both inside and outside Visual connection between spaces.

Public-private Relationship

Illustration 40- Public-Private Relationship Source: https://www.archdaily.com/901829/parkside-retirementhomes-mindspace

• •

The podium level is entirely public housing all the amenities required. Scattering of amenties at upper levels to ensure activation and visual connection through atrium.

Learning- Consolidated activity zone at ground level, then scattering at all levels to ensure interaction and community building. Focus on natural light and connect with nature to foster healthy living

Additional facilities

Room Type

Social space at alternate levels

Two bedroom unit: 72.09- 73.2 sq m One bedroom unit: 49.81-55.11 sq m

01. Lobby 02.Package shelf 03. Dining 04. Living 05. TV Unit 06. Kitchen 07. Toilet 08. Master Bedroom

09. Balcony 10. Bedroom 11. Toilet 12. & 13. O.T.S

Illustration 41- Room Typologies Source: Brigade Orchards Brochure

01. Lobby 09. Balcony 02.Package shelf 10. & 11. 03.Dining O.T.S 04.Living 05.TV Unit 06.Kitchen 07. Toilet 08. Master Bedroom

Water feature for calm experience

Illustration 42- Views of Spaces, Source: Archdaily

Built in seating spaces at regular intervals

Vision/Concept

Material & Structure • •

Seismic zone II, RCC framed structure Solid concrete blocks for walls

Built Expression

Illustration 43- Cascading Terraces Source: Archdaily

• • • • • • • •

White walls Rhythm in facade to scale down heightbreaking down the monotony Play with warm colours Push and pull in facade to add drama of light and shadow Innovative shading design Similar height everywhere Jaali pattern used as visual break

Security • •

• •

Electronic surveillance for common areas A manned entry/exit gate, constantly monitored, without invading residents’ privacy, yet keeping them safe and sound. Emergency ‘Call-Point’ installed in each living area and in the toilets of all units CCTV Monitoring

• •

Cascading terraces at higher levels along the South side is created to view the flights take off and land. Close-knit community, courtyards Redefining clubhouse as an amenity at once place vs scattered components

DESIGN DIRECTIVES/major conclusions • Courtyard design, if no major contextual views • Scattering public amenities as various levels to ensure interaction and activation • Focus on designing spaces with natural light to foster healthy living • Services areas and zones below the main entry level to cut off visibility. • Terraces shall be designed for additional experience. • Restricting vehicular movement to half the site.

ARMSTRONG PLACE SENIOR HOUSING, SAN FRANCISCO Architect

David Baker+Partners

Year Completed

2011

Site area

131800 sq m

Built up area

Occupancy

124 residences

Building height, No. of floors

G+4

User Group

60+

REASONS FOR STUDY 1. Located within the city with various amenities within the vicinity. 2. Mixed use typology with retail integrated 3. Connectivity with rail network

This complex development fills a formerly industrial city block with an innovative housing mix: Affordable urban town homes to keep growing families in the city and family housing adjacent to senior apartments to prevent seniors from living in isolation. Leading a trend of transit-oriented development along the district’s main business corridor, the development lies just a block from a stop of a new light-rail line, a park, and a health center. It has a senior building, with 116 affordable rental units, housing neighborhood-serving retail space and services.

Illustration 44- Armstrong Place Senior Housing Source: https://www.archdaily.com/153359/armstrong-place-senior-housing-david-baker-partners

Learning- Every residential space should have an open space to spill out, some can be open to public as well for interaction

Location and Context

PRIVATE COURT

Movement

Illustration 46- Movement Plan, Source: Author

Illustration 45- Context Plan, Source: Author

• • •

The complex is located in Matsumoto, Mishima-shi, Shizuoka Japan. Located in the middle of Residences, Industries and Commercial area. The climate type is Warm-summer Mediterranean (moist mild winters and dry summers) Hence, the building is oriented primarly with longer axis facing East- West.

• • • • •

Vehicular movement all around Pedestrian movement inside Clash points at entrances Pedestrian entry points at junctions as well. Rail line passing in front

Functions

The ground level is used for public functions as well as private residences. However, parking spaces have been used to separate the two components. Major Learning- Located within the city, attracts footfall to the public space allocation for parking is on the first floor. component i.e. Retail spaces

Built-Open Relationship • • •

The space has been designed as a mid rise, high density complex. Open spaces are all inward looking, with no connection with the context Every tower has a spill out space 65% Built

Illustration 47- First Level Plan, Source: David Baker+Partners

35% Open

First level plan showing parking space allocation 124 car parking spaces

Learning- Mixing of residences with public function, to maintain security. Parking and services can be used as barriers for functional segregation.

PUBLIC COURT

PRIVATE COURT

Public- Private Relationship

Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential

Residential Residential Residential Residential Service Public

Schematic Section • Illustration 48- Podium level plan, Source: David Baker+Partners

Podium floor plan showing two courts, central public and gated private courts. •

Public towards the street and that too only at the ground level. Upper levels private residential spaces.

Retail sits directly on the street, captialising on the frontage and the junctions to maximize footfall.

Functions

Other amenities • Community room with kitchen • Laundry facilities • Elevators • BBQ and picnic area • Landscaped courtyard Issue- No designated area with shade to stand, sit or play

Illustration 49- Section, Source: Arch daily

•

Living spaces facing street and public areas, whereas sleeping spaces more towards inner court which is calm.

•

Presence of housing units above retail ensure “eyes on street”

Material and Structure • • • •

Steel Structure Plaster finish with paint Rhythm in facade created through play of opening sizes and colours Visual emphasis by projecting volumes, highlighting functions

Learning- Emphasis on ground two floors, immediate point of experience. Fixing 2/3 sizes and playing with arrangement to break the monotony

Services •

Solar panels on roof

Security •

Gated as well as open courtyards to serve both the public and private residents

Sustainability • • •

Curbside bioswales landscaped swaths that add green and collect and manage stormwater runoff The central court -Rain garden and bioswale plantings to manage and clean stormwater runoff biodynamically Solar arrays that heat domestic water and

DESIGN DIRECTIVES/major conclusions • Every residential component should have access to an open space. • Retail component shall be located closest to the street to get more footfall. • Inter-mixing of functions is required to maintain “eyes on street”, security. • Porosity should be maintained at the ground level for experience and visual connect to spaces. • Service areas can be used a barriers delineating public and private spaces.

Vision/ Concept • • •

Ageing in place Reflection of African-American neighborhood in terms of choice of material and colours. Integration of public and private components

Illustration 50- Views of the Built form Source: Arch Daily

Built Expression • • •

Ground floor with a different built expression, creating a visual contrast between public and private component. Solid block with porosity at lower level connecting inside and outside Emphasis on elevation towards road

MATRIX FOR GROUP A CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

Golden Estate, Faridabad

Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand

Nursing Home for the Elderly, Mishima

Remarks

Project Information

1.1

Architect

Perkins Eastman

1.2

Year Completed

2017

2013

1.3

Site area

56656 sq m

1765 sq m

3103.39 sq m

Antara closest to the proposed project

1.4

Built up area

70748 sq m

6503 sq m

970.94 sq m

Antara closest to the proposed project

1.5

Occupancy

320 people

80 people

Antara closest to the proposed project

Building height, No. of floors

G+3-G+5

G+2

Mid rise construction works for such uses.

1.6

1.7

Functions

Residential (Independent), Recreational, Medical, Dining, Service areas

Residential (Independent, Assisted, Post-operative care), Recreational, Medical, Dining, Service areas

2008

Nursing care, Multi purpose rooms, Dining, Service areas

Site Information

2.1

Location

Guniyal Gaon, Uttarakhand

Central Greens, Near B.K Hospital Chowk, NIT, Faridabad

Matsumoto, Mishima-shi, Shizuoka Japan

2.2

Context

• • • •

• • •

2.3

Orientation

Temple Clubhouse Restaurants Residential

Hospitals College Commercial Residential

Dining facility common to all, required.

60+

User Group

Motoyasu Muramatsu

Mr. Anup Naik

Residential Industrial Market area

In all the cases proximity to other functions makes the space more habitable. Directly apply to my proposal. In all the cases true orientation required with respect to climate has been adhered to.

Multiple orientation, majorly N-S

Longer axis East-West

MATRIX FOR GROUP A CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

Golden Estate, Faridabad

Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand

Nursing Home for the Elderly, Mishima

Remarks

Site Information 2.4

Climate

2.5

Built-open

2.6

Humid sub-tropical (hot summer, cool winter)

Composite

Cold and Cloudy

75% Built

20% Built

80% Built

80% Open

25% Open

20% Open

•

Very large open spaces to spill out to, outward views

Scale of open spaces small, inward looking property

Percentage of open spaces at ground level are less in facilities located within the main city.

Internal courtyard, open spaces at all levels, inward looking

Movement

Restricting vehicular movement to a zone works best to avoid any clash points.

Ground floor plan

Pedestrian movement Pedestrian and golf carts Vehicular • • • •

Pedestrian movement through nature Vehicles restricted outside Internal pedestrian spine, used by golf carts also Gated community

Pedestrian movement Vehicular

• • •

Pedestrian and vehicular movement overlap Similar route is used by for service movement Clash point observed

1. Porch 2. Entrance 3. Foyer 4. Reception 5. Office 6. Conference room 7. Elevator 8. Bathroom 9. Changing room 10. Multipuropose room • •

11. Kitchen 12. Tearoom for staff 13. Entrance for staff 14. Night duty room 15. Consultation room 16. Locker room 17. Laundry 18. Machine room 19. Back porch 20. Garbage

Primarliy pedestrian movement Vehicle and pedestrian overlap at one place

MATRIX FOR GROUP A CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

Golden Estate, Faridabad

Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand

Nursing Home for the Elderly, Mishima

Remarks

Site Information 2.7

Functions (Plan, Sections)

• • • • • •

Residential 1. Residence 1 (G+3+P) 2.Residence 2 (G+3+P) 3.Residence 3 (G+3+P) 4.Residence 4 (G+4) 5.Residence 5 (G +5) 6.Residence 6 (G+5) 7. Residence 7 (G+4) 8.Residence 8 (G+4)

Residential Units Spa Gymnasium Lawn areas Medical support indoor games area, the entertainment area, the wellness centre, the gym, the library or the business center.

Residential

• First floor plan

First floor plan •

Residential

Residential Residential Amenities

Residential Schematic Section

Residential Residential Residential

Schematic Section Residential apartments at all levels, no functional intermixing observed

•

Residential

Facilities 01. Putting Green 02. Temple 03. The Den 04. The theatre 05. The bar 06. The lobby 07. The Private Dining 08 The Pool 09 The Courts 10. The Gym 11. Way to Basement

Basement Parking

•

• •

Residential units at all levels Functional intermixing is observed in certain towers only where the lower floors house the common amenities.

•

Visual /Physical connection between all amenities has been observed in all the cases. Ground floor porosity enhances user experience. Open corridors enhance connection with nature.

MATRIX FOR GROUP A CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

Golden Estate, Faridabad

Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand

Nursing Home for the Elderly, Mishima

Remarks

Site Information 2.8

Public-Private relationship

Locating public zone, below or adjacent to private zone functions most effectively in activating spaces.

• • •

2.9

Room type

• • • • • •

Major residential zone detached from the recreation zone Option to visit that area for interaction and recreation Recreation area surrounded by green spaces to spill out to.

•

Type A: 494 - 566 sq.m Type B: 375 - 440 sq.m Type C: 311 - 336 sq.m Type D: 237 - 351 sq.m. Type E: 186 - 312 sq.m. Type F: 133 - 251 sq.m.

• • • • • •

• •

Major residential zone around recreational spaces Stacked vertically Small open spaces to spill out to

S o u t h •

Inter mixing of public functions at various levels allowing for interaction to happen.

Block A: Studio: 26.4 sqm-48.7 sq m Suite: 41.8 sqm-55.7 sq m Block B: Studio: 26.4 sqm-48.7 sq m Suite: 41.8 sq m- 55.7 sq m

• • • •

• • • • • • • •

Each residence has a mixture of apartment sizes so as to promote social bonding. Several apartments provided with large balconies and terraces to allow the benefit of being outdoors. Ground floor apartments provided with sun decks and private garden areas. Rounded corners to ensure smooth edges. Large size windows allowing ample daylight and natural ventilation in each apartment. -VRF HVAC systems allowing temperature settings as per

• • •

Designed on the concept of Suites and Studios to cater to different needs Apartments with balconies Large size windows to allow light

•

• • •

A concept for room layouts can be designed. City units have smaller sizes, functional efficiency, Range- 26 sq m- 56 sq m for city, smaller in size Range for luxurious-133 sqm-566 sq m Ideal should be between 56-133 sq m

Designed with minimal furniture Large window for natural light and connect with nature Cluster around a courtyard

101

MATRIX FOR GROUP A CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

Golden Estate, Faridabad

Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand

Nursing Home for the Elderly, Mishima

Remarks

Site Information

2.10

Parking

2.11

Additional facilities

Single basement parking residents and visitors

•

• • • •

for

Two lifts per Residence: one lift is for personal use of residents and the other to accommodate maintenance or emergency situations. Wooden railings / ledges in the lobby and corridors to provide support. Designed on ADA Standards On site nutritionist, immediate health care facilities, hospital in proximity Presence of laundry services

Onsite parking arrangements available for a few cars.

• • • •

Onsite parking arrangements available for a few cars.

Provision for Dining and Dietary Planning Housekeeping Laundry Provision for family members to stay

Necessary facilities • Dining • Laundry • Housekeeping • Nutrition • Railing and ledges seating

•

Seamless connection with nature through transparent material at ground level.

•

Built in seaters at corners to sit and relax

•

Terraces at all level, visual connection between towers

Cluhouse design

Built up area- 4600 sq m aprox. • • • •

Parking in basement works best, onground minimal.

Designed on the lower 2 floors Proximity to open spaces Outward looking, capturing views Main recreational hub

for

MATRIX FOR GROUP A CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

Architectural details

3.1

Material & Structure

Nursing Home for the Elderly, Mishima

Remarks

Indian context- RCC Structure with brick masonry

• • 3.2

Golden Estate, Faridabad

Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand

Masonry and RCC Structure Plastered walls

• •

Masonry and RCC Structure Plastered walls

• •

Steel Structure Plaster finish with paint

Built Expression

• •

• • • • • 3.3

Services

• •

3.4

Security

• • • • • •

Grey walls Brown (wooden) members to highlight elements in facade Contrast with the landscape yet camouflaging with the sky. Visual balance

• • • • • •

White walls Rhythm in facade Camouflaging with the sky Visual balance Similar height everywhere Jaali pattern used as visual break

Water tank on roof Allocation of services zones on site CCTV cameras Security guard rooms, frisking rooms Security visits BMS room Smoke detectors Sprinklers

• •

Water tank on roof Pipes concealed behind jaali in facade Electronic surveillance for common areas to ensure detection of any mishap as soon as it happens. A single, manned entry/exit gate, constantly monitored, without invading residents’ privacy, yet keeping them safe and sound.

•

• • • •

Contrasting expression with respect to surrounding Robust form, striking use of colour Sold block with porosity at lower level connecting inside and outside Emphasis on elevation to-

• • • •

Facade design and incorporation of jaalis/ screens to hide services In most cases the built expression merges with the

No boundaries No entrance gate Entrance porch where people greeted No other security measure observed

•

Services on roof or basement

•

Gated community in most cases Minimal entry/exits Electronic surveilance space

• •

103

MATRIX FOR GROUP A CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

Golden Estate, Faridabad

Antara Senior Living, Uttarakhand

Nursing Home for the Elderly, Mishima

Remarks

Architectural details

3.5

Sustainability

•

Apartments have access control at the ground floor level with smart cards for security of residents

•

Solar panels installed on the roof Rainwater harvesting system Minimal cut and fill Native plant zones Double glazed windows and doors for reducing energy consumption and climate control.

• • • •

3.6

Vision/ Concept

Focus on physical, spiritual and emotional needs of residents. Designing an ecosystem.

Table 1- Comparative Matrix for Group A Case Studies Source: Author

•

Emergency ‘Call-Point’ installed in each living area and in the toilets of all units

• -

Inspiration from the ‘Joint family system’, idea of one big family. Clustering- ‘Mohalla’ concept where neighbours are emotionally bonded as a family.

•

Courtyards and cross ventilation Green spaces at all levels

Integration of the built with nature, creation of a serene environment for the elderly, concept of central courtyard with spaces arranged around

• •

Solar panels should be installed. Maximize green cover to reduce heat gain

105

MATRIX FOR GROUP B CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

The Virtuoso, Bangalore

Parkside retirement home, Bangalore

Armstrong Place Senior Housing

Project Information

1.1

Architect

1.2

Year Completed

2024

2018

2011

1.3

Site area

8093 sq m

278709 sq m

131800 sq m

1.4

Built up area

1.5

Occupancy

158 units

156 units

124 residences

Building height, No. of floors

B+G+9

G+8

G+4

1.6 1.7

Functions

1.8

User Group

Site Information

2.1

Location

2.2

Context

2.3

Columbia Pacific, Perkins Eastman, Venkataramanan

Residential (Independent), Recreational, Medical, Dining, Service areas

Budigere, East Bangalore

-Shopping centre -IT Park

Boodigere Road, Brigade Orchards Spinal Road, Devanahalli, Bangalore -Airport -Train station -Retail -Tech Park

David Baker+Partners

Retail, Commercial, Affordable housing, Senior living homes

Parkside homes closest to proposed.

Parkside homes closest to proposed. Parkside homes closest to proposed. Recreational, Medical, Dining present in all

60+

-Hospitals -Airport -Train station -School

Mindspace

Remarks

-Hospital

Matsumoto, Mishima-shi, Shizuoka Japan -Residential -Industrial -Market area

The Virtuoso and Parkside, close to airport, directly comparable

All adhere to true orientation as required.

Orientation

Majorly NW-SE

Longer axis East-West

Longer axis North East-

MATRIX FOR GROUP B CASE STUDIES S.No

The Virtuouso, Bangalore

Parameter

Armstrong Place Senior Housing

Parkside retirement home, Bangalore

Remarks

Site Information 2.4

Climate

2.5

Built-open

Warm-summer Mediterranean climate (moist mild winters and dry summers)

Moderate

75% Built

80% Built

20% Open 25% Open •

2.6

Few open spaces to spill out to

•

Scale of open spaces small, inward looking property with internal courts

65% Built

More inward looking open spaces, applies to current design due to lack of contextual views

35% Open •

Internal courtyard, open spaces at all levels, inward looking •

Movement

•

• • • •

Vehicular movement all around Pedestrian movement inside Clash points at entrances Basement parking provided

1. Main Entry 2. Secondary Entrance 3. Differential Paved area 4. Driveway 5. Pathway 6. Seaters 7. Plaza 8. Concrete Driveway 9. Parking 10. Security Cabin 11. Organic waste converter 12. Transformer Yard

• • • • •

Restricting vehicular movement to a zone works best to avoid any clash points. Clear demarcation of pedestrian zones

Vehicular movement all around Pedestrian movement inside Clash points at entrances Pedestrian entry points at junctions as well. Rail line passing in front

107

MATRIX FOR GROUP B CASE STUDIES S.No

The Virtuoso, Bangalore

Parameter

Parkside retirement home, Bangalore

Armstrong Place Senior Housing

Remarks

Site Information • • 2.7

Stilt floor for parking and services Vehicles allowed inside •

Functions (Plan, Sections)

• • First level plan showing parking space allocation

Ground floor plan

First floor plan • •

Doubly loaded corridor Presence of public areas at all levels to promote interaction

Stilt floor plan with service locations Facilities 1. Temple 2. Physiotherapy 3. Gymnasium 4. TV Room 5. Lounge 6. Outdoor dining Podium floor plan showing two courts, 7. Western Entry central public and gated private courts. 8. Lobby 9. Mailbox room 10. Indoor dining 11. Admin block 12. Kitchen 13. Salon 14. Convenience store 15. Eastern entry 16. Amphitheatre 17. Store

Presence of various facilities within the facility

Most cases having units cluster along a singly loaded corridor Parking spaces have been provided below podium/ entrance/main lobby level All public spaces have visual connection from admin spaces.

MATRIX FOR GROUP B CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

The Virtuouso, Bangalore

Armstrong Place Senior Housing

Parkside retirement home, Bangalore

Remarks

Site Information

Detail plan of Public component

Functions (Plan, Sections)

•

Retail sits directly on the street, captialising on the frontage and the junctions to maximize footfall

•

Service areas behind retail to cut off access to residential component.

•

Presence of housing units above retail ensure “eyes on street”

•

Locating common amenities at all levels Lounge/seating spaces at all levels Orienting most public component towards street Clustering of four units

Elevation •

Mix of unit typologies to ensure uniformity at all levels

•

Terraces have also been designed as social spaces for elderly to interact.

Section • • • •

Shows the volumetric play with solid and voids Presence of skylight from east direction, natural light in inner courtyard Views of both inside and outside Visual connection between spaces.

Section •

Living spaces facing street and public areas, whereas sleeping spaces more towards inner court which is calm.

109

MATRIX FOR GROUP B CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

The Virtuouso, Bangalore

Armstrong Place Senior Housing

Parkside retirement home, Bangalore

Remarks

Site Information

2.8

Public-private Relationship

Residential Residential

•

Orienting most public component towards street

•

Range identified, 43 sq m102 sq m All walls have rounded edges Anti-skid floorings

Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Public

Residential Public Basement

•

• 2.9

Ground floor entirely public. Public spaces at podium level as well to activate it Typical floor plate entirely private

Residential Residential Residential

Residential

Service Public

Residential Residential Residential

Schematic Section

Schematic Section • •

Residential Residential Residential

•

The podium level is entirely public housing all the amenities required. Scattering of amenties at upper levels to ensure activation and visual connection through atrium.

•

Public towards the street and that too only at the ground level. Upper levels private residential spaces.

•

Service zone used as an interface

Room type

• •

• • • •

Boutique: 42.3 sq m Premier: 51.8 sq m Grande: 76.7 sq m Presidential: 102.3 sq m

•

Each floors has a mixture of apartment sizes so as to promote social bonding. All apartments have balcony spaces Rounded corners to ensure smooth edges. Large size windows allowing ample daylight and natural ventilation in each apartment.

• • •

•

One bedroom unit: 49.81sqm55.11 sq m Two bedroom unit: 72.09 sq m73.2 sq m Two typology of unit sizes All have balcony access Large size windows to allow light

MATRIX FOR GROUP B CASE STUDIES S.No

The Virtuouso, Bangalore

Parameter

Armstrong Place Senior Housing

Parkside retirement home, Bangalore

Remarks

Site Information 2.10

Parking

• •

2.11

Additional facilities

Ground level • Restaurants • Bistro • Laundry • Library

110 surface car parking spaces Rest parking in basement

Amenities • Club • Business Centre • SPA • Wellness centre • Community spaces • Multi purpose hall • Beverage station • Salon

• •

91 car parking spaces Located at stilt level

Social space alternate levels

Water feature for calm experience

124 car parking spaces Located at ground and first level

•

Stilt parking observed in most cases.

•

Additional facilities that can be incorporated includeLibrary, Club, Multi purpose halls, BBQ areas.

•

Podium • Swimming pool • Gardens First level • Theatre • Jogging track • Gym • Nutritional centre

• •

• • • • • •

Elegant community room with kitchen Laundry facilities Elevators BBQ and picnic area Beautifully landscaped courtyard Assigned covered garage parking Gated property

•

Ground floor open for pedestrians

•

No designated designed areas for shade to stand, sit or play under

Built in seating spaces

111

MATRIX FOR GROUP B CASE STUDIES S.No

Parameter

Architectural details

3.1

Material & Structure

The Virtuouso, Bangalore

• • 3.2

Masonry and RCC Structure Plastered walls

Armstrong Place Senior Housing

Parkside retirement home, Bangalore

• •

Seismic zone II, RCC framed structure Solid concrete blocks for walls

• •

Simple facade Play of horizontal and vertical elements

3.3

Services

• •

Water tank on roof Rest services in basement

3.4

Security

• •

CCTV cameras Each wing has 1 stretcher lift and 2 wheelchair compliant lifts. Round the clock security with intercom facility.

•

• • • • •

• •

White walls Rhythm in facade to scale down height Play with warm colours Push and pull in facade to add drama of light and shadow -Innovative shading design Water tank on roof Staff quarter, kitchen, dining, communication services at stilt level

•

Electronic surveillance for common areas A manned entry/exit gate, constantly monitored, without invading residents’ privacy, yet keeping them safe.

•

RCC framed structure

•

Rhythmic play through fenestration design. Sizes, material and colours can be explored.

Steel Structure Plaster finish with paint

Built Expression

• •

Remarks

•

Rhythm in facade created through play of opening sizes and colours Ground floor with a different built expression, creating a visual contrast between public and private

•

Solar panels on roof

•

Installed on roof

•

Gated as well as open courtyards to serve both the public and private residents

• •

Gated spaces Single entry/exit

MATRIX FOR GROUP B CASE STUDIES S.No

The Virtuouso

Parameter

Parkside Retirement home

Armstrong Place Senior Housing

Remarks

Architectural details •

3.5

Sustainability

•

Emergency ‘Call-Point’ installed in each living area and in the toilets of all units

•

Solar panels installed on the roof -

•

3.6

Vision/ Concept

• • •

Vibrant ecosystem Senior living in Indiamodern, independentcatering to changing needs Fostering interaction and community building

•

• •

Cascading terraces at higher levels along the South side is created to view the flights take off and land. Close-knit community, courtyards Redefining clubhouse as an amenity at once place vs

• • •

Curbside bioswales landscaped swaths that add green and collect and manage stormwater runoff The central court -rain garden and bioswale plantings to manage and clean stormwater runoff biodynamically Solar arrays that heat domestic water and light the common spaces, and healthy interiors and materials

•

Installation of solar panels

Ageing in place Reflection of African-American neighborhood in terms of chocie of material and colours. Integration of public and private

Table 2- Comparative Matrix for Group B Case Studies Source: Author

113

CASE EXAMPLES No

Name

Housing for Elderly People in Huningue/ Dominique Coulon & associés

Location

France

Area

Functions

3932 sq m

Retirement living, Community centre

Layout

•

Pictures

Central open space surrounded by living spaces

Community centre facing main street

Retirement and Nursing Home Wilder Kaiser& associés

Austria

5120 sq m

Retirement living, Multi purpose hall, Cafeteria

•

Site plan with functional intermixing

•

Lower floor entirely public, access to residences through the public spaces

CASE EXAMPLES No

Name

Windmill Court

House of Generations

Location

Denmark

Table 3- Case Example analysis, Source: Author

Area

3932 sq m

28000 sq m

Functions

Layout

Pictures

Retirement living

•

Singly loaded corridor, views on both sides

•

Doubly loaded corridors with courts to look into.

•

Connection of clusters through public spaces/ commom activity areas

•

Rhythm in facade by generating a vocabulary

• • •

Systematic play of heights Terraces useable, Visually Interactive

Senior living, Students, Family houses, Day care centre

115

PROGRAM & Its components 1. Project Scope & Program Derivation 2. Summary of all Stages 3. Inference from all Stages 4. Project Components 5. Identification of Stakeholders 6. Area Division within each Component 7. User Profile 8. Community Survey 9. Detailed Area Program 10. Inter-relationship diagram 11. Analysis of Functional Components 12. Open Space requirements 13. Inference, Conclusion and Way forward

Thesis Proposition Data Collection

117

Project INFORMATION Total Site Area- 36,355.8 sq m , 8.9 acres Ground Coverage- 30%, 10,906.8 sq m F.A.R- 1.2 Maximum Permissible Built up area- 43,600 sq m, 10.77 acres Maximum Height- 26m

PROGRAM DERIVATION A five step procedure was followed for deriving the program.

1. The DDA Master plan document for Dwarka was referred to understand the prescribed and proposed area mix, that is 80% residential and 20% commercial. 2. Detailed site analysis was conducted to understand the gap within the vision and situation on ground.

ProJECT SCOPE The chosen plot is located in Sector- 17, Dwarka. The focus is to design a mixed use Senior living community which has both a public and private component such that it caters to the target user group, as well as the community. The scope of the project includes•

Developing a master plan for the site

•

Detailing the entire residential component with various room typologies

•

Design and detail of the public facilities.

•

Basic design of Polyclinic

3. Detailed secondary research was conducted to understand the contextual issues involved, to find any co-relations between observations. This also involved understanding the needs of the senior living communities. 4. This was followed by a Community survey and telephonic conversation with the residents of that region to get a deeper understanding of the issues involved. 5. After which the final ratio was proposed for development and facilities were incorporated based on the analysis.

I DDA Master plan document- 80% residential and 20% commercial.

Detailed Site analysis

III Secondary Research on issues, needs of senior living community

IV Community Survey

Proposal of Ratio

SUMMARY OF ALL THE STAGES

DDA Document Area Analysis

Research

Case Studies

Community Survey

• •

Issues in Dwarka

Needs of Senior citizens

Needs

•

Living

• • • •

20% Commercial • 80% Residential • • •

Need for more Community spaces Need for more Commercial spaces (mainly work places) Presence of a lot of retail around Need an anchor space

• • •

Lack of office and commercial spaces Lack of SocioCultural facilities Traffic congestions Poor last mile connectivity

• • •

Independent Assisted Nursing Care

Other Amenities- Required • • • • • •

Emergency medical care Laundry Dining Community spaces Nutritional centre Outdoor recreational area

Other Amenities- Additional • • • • •

Bistro Restaurants Library SPA Theatre

Recreation spaces Night life Hub to hangout Sports facilities

Senior specific • • • • •

Proximity to medical shops Learn new things- learning spaces Work places, where they can practice a hobby, or maybe teach Interaction with others- places to be Have all facilities nearby like a theatre, retail, shops, right now far off.

Problems • •

Spaces become dead at night Feel unsafe to walk alone

Senior specific • • Figure 26- Summary of all stages Source: Author

No interaction with other people, cut-off Not enough spaces for them to feel welcomed

119

INFERENCE FROM ALL STAGES

PROJECT COMPONENTS

Based on research, it has been found that the 80-20% ratio is currently not functioning effectively in the site and surroundings and hence more area needs to be allocated that is a 60-40% ratio has been proposed.

The project has two major components. The residential component and the public component that is the habitat centre. The following activities have been included within each component.

64% Residential The Residential component includes1. Administration and Lobby Areas This includes the basic facilities like reception, lounge areas and entertainment areas which are required by the residents and the visitors. 2. Residential units Four types of units have been proposedIndependent, Assisted, Shared and Nursing care, as different users might have different requirements.

36% Public Functions Within the Public component, more area has been allocated to Commercial facilities. ( Based on site analysis and research)

60% Commercial

3. Amenities This includes all basic and additional amenities like dining spaces, clubhouse, nutritional centre, therapy rooms, multi purpose hall and rooftop lounge spaces. All of them have been derived from the case studies and research on trends in senior living spaces. 4. Services These include laundry, housekeeping and other services required for effective functioning. The Public Component is further divided into two sub-components (Derived from site analysis, survey and research)

40% Community

The Community includes

Space

component

The results clearly pointed out towards the need of spaces that allow for working, where exchange of knowledge, experience and community learning can take place. The following spaces cater to the needs of both the senior citizens and the diverse user group around. 1. Innovation Hub (Learning, Computer labs, Experimental spaces) 2. Study Rooms 3. Community/Multi-purpose halls- Due to lack of community/ hangout space 4. Informal market space- Based on presence of informal vendors on site during analysis.

Commercial Spaces The results clearly pointed out towards the need of commercial spaces-mostly working, business oriented. This will not only benefit the context but will create opportunities for the baby boomer generation to work as well, within close proximity. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Co-working spaces Small Office spaces Retail Polyclinic Hospitality

1. Retail This component has been kept to a minimal, just to cater to the daily needs of the residents, as there is presence of a lot of retail stores in the context. 2. Polyclinic This component has been added after analysis as a need not only for the senior citizens but also for the context due to no facilitiy within 1km radius. This component may function as an extension of the proposed hospital. 3. Hospitality These include restaurants, eateries and food kiosks which act as anchors for inviting people to the centre.

ECONOMIC MODEL- FOR SENIOR LIVING HOME Lease out spaces

Short term stay

Security deposit

Long term stay

Monthly charges

75% Refundable, 25 % non- refundable 1 month period to settle, during which 100% refund is possible

Figure 27- Economic model for Senior Living Home Source: Author

IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS Ownership- DDA, not allocated to any client for development Proposal • •

DDA will build the entire complex, will rent out to a third party to maintain the senior living home Commercial and Community spaces will be rented out on requirement basis (renting of offices, retail spaces, community centre for events)

121

AREA DIVISION WITHIN EACH COMPONENT Residential COMPONENT 9%

Commercial spaces

Community spaces

18%

17%

38% 9%

63% 6%

16% 78%

29%

Residential units Amenities Services Lobby & Admin area

Innovation Hub Study Rooms Multi-purpose/ Community hall Informal market space

Co-working spaces Small office spaces Polyclinic Retail Hospitality (Restaurants)

User group for senior living home Age Bracket 60 years and above Assumptions 1. They are financially independent, or have family support 2. Due to certain factors (isolation, family issues), decide to move out and stay with the same user group and develop a community. 3. People from Delhi, NCR

DETAILED USER PROFILE AND SPATIAL USAGE

Senior Residents Ages- 60 and above

Senior Visitors Ages- 60 and above

• • • • • • • • •

Residential units Amenities Lobby area Innovation Hub Multi-purpose hall Office spaces Polyclinic Retail Restaurants

• • • • • • • •

Lobby areas Innovation Hub Multi purpose hall Informal market place Office spaces Polyclinic Retail Restaurants

• • •

Multi purpose hall Retail Restaurants

Tourists

Adults Visitors Ages-30-55yrs

Staff/Service Ages-25-60 yrs

• • • • • • • •

Lobby areas Innovation Hub Multi purpose hall Informal market place Office spaces Polyclinic Retail Restaurants

Adolescents Ages-14-20 yrs

• • • • • • • • • •

Residential units Amenities Lobby area Service Innovation Hub Multi-purpose hall Office spaces Polyclinic Retail Restaurants

• • • • • • • • •

Lobby areas Innovation Hub Study rooms Multi purpose hall Informal market place Office spaces Polyclinic Retail Restaurants

123

COMMUNITY SURVEY An online survey form was circulated to get a deeper understanding on the context, the issues involved and to identify the needs and problems of various stakeholders. Respondents belong to different user groups, age and professions, which aided in getting a comprehensive idea about the issues involved. Recordings were analyzed after 10 days of circulating the form.

SURVEY RESULTS Q1

Gender

Male Female Other

Profession

Student Architect Self-Employed Retired

Age

10-18 yrs 18-35yrs 35-55yrs Above 55yrs

Do you live/work in Dwarka?

Live Work Study

How far do you stay from Sector 17 Dwarka

5min walk 10min walk I come by rickshaw I come by 2 wheeler I come by a car

Do you come to Sector- 17 for any reason?

Live Work Play I don’t have any reason to visit Other-Gym

Table 4- Community Survey Results Source: Author

What facilities do you think are missing from your neighborhood?

Recreation Hangout Learning Centre Medical shops Sports

What are the problems?

Unsafe at night Lack of activity Dedicated space of elderly to gather Maintenance of roads Street lighting

INFERENCES • • •

30% of the respondents were seniors citizens that is above 60 years of age. More than 70% of the respondents live in Dwarka. Less than 15% work here. Major respondents find no reason right now to visit Dwarka sector-17, therefore a lack of anchor space. Few respondents visit due to work (study)

• Needs Respondents below 60 years of age find a dire need for recreation spaces, night life, hangout spaces and more sports facilities in the region. Respondents above 60 years of age feel the need for proximity to medical shops, learning spaces (new skills), practicing hobby spaces, teaching. Whereas others feel the need for having all facilities like theatre, retail, shops within walking distance. • Problems Respondents below 60 years of age find the region unsafe at night due to lack of activities. Respondents above 60 years of age feel that there is a major lack of dedicated spaces for elderly, lack of spaces for interaction.

125

DETAILED AREA PROGRAM

•

Area of services was calculated based on standard requirements.

•

Following which room sizes were decided based on case studies

•

Area for additional amenities was calculated based on occupancy and design standards

DETAILED AREA PROGRAM

127

DETAILED AREA PROGRAM

• Areas were calculated based on design standards

129

DETAILED AREA PROGRAM

Table 5- Area Program Source: Author

131

READING OF AREA PROGRAM

ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS No. Functional Component Public/ Semi-Public/ Private

Characteristics

Adjacency

Service Access

Remarks

Access to daylight, Greenery

Open outdoor Space, Parking, Dining Space

Required

Open layout, should have water body in close proximity calmness

Residential 1.

Lobby and Admin area Semi- Public

Residential Units

Private, Access Open corridors leading To courts, spill out control to units, view of amenities, spaces, amenities visual interaction

Required

Modular, play with volumes and heights

Dining Hall

Private

Adequate light and ventilation, Visual connection to public zones, Public and private spill out options

Situation

Required

Should have capacity to hold more than required, incase family members visit for Gala nights

Clubhouse

Semi- Public

Visual connection to other spaces, Transparent, enough daylight, greenery

Plugged in between Required rooms, not a consolidated space.

Nutritional & Therapy Centre

Private

Secluded , Calm zone, near green spaces, healing affect of nature

Near nursing care, which is a calm zone.

Required

Multi- Purpose Hall

Semi- Public

Inward looking space, access to spill out space for outdoor events

Parking, lobby areas, open space

Required

Large area, but should have the capacity to be divided intro small spaces for multiple events

Rooftop Lounge

Private

Semi- covered space for hosting small gatherings, relaxing

Required

View of all spaces below, highest point

Table 6- Analysis of Functional Components Source: Author

133

ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS Functional Component

Public/ Semi-Public/ Private

Characteristics

Adjacency

Service Access

Remarks

Semi- Public

Access to daylight, Greenery, Storage space, Energetic environment

Open outdoor Space, Restaurants, View of public activities

Open layout, large area

2. Study Rooms

Semi- Public

Open corridors leading to units, view of amenities, visual interaction

Open outdoor Space, Restaurants

Small spaces, arranged such that each has a spill out green space and view to activities at lower level

3. Community Hall

Public

Adequate light and ventilation, Visual connection to public zones, Public and private spill out options

Open outdoor Space to sit, water body, Restaurants

Required

Should be located to at a zone with maximum footfall. Visual anchor to the site

4. Informal market place

Public

Semi- covered area, energetic space

Near main retail zone

Near the main access road

Community 1.

Innovation Hub

ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS Functional Component

Public/ Semi-Public/ Private

Characteristics

Adjacency

Service Access Remarks

Commercial 1.

Co- working

Semi- Public

Access to daylight, Open outdoor Greenery, flexible layout, Space, Restaurants, energetic space Study rooms

Required

Design should have an option of spill out within the form, break spaces

Small office spaces

Semi- Public

Layout which can be divided and rented out, flexible, Adequate light, courts for interaction

Office support, Pantry,Open outdoor Space, Restaurants

Required

Retail

Public

Mix of open and air conditioned shops, lined up, fixed module spaces

Restaurants, Primary access road

Located near zone having maximum footfall, Preferred on ground level

4. Polyclinic

Public

Fixed designated zones for treatment, nature integrated, calm

Near nursing units, Access roads, Parking

Required

Can be accessed by both public and residents as well.

5. Restaurant

Public

Energetic space, near main access for frontage, spill of restaurants can view public activities below, terraces to spill out to

Communal dining space, water body

Required

Accessible from working spaces and from ground level public zones.

135

OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS Green Buffer

Residential Lobby and Admin areas Residential Units Dining Hall Clubhouse Nutritional & Therapy Centre Multi- Purpose Hall Community Innovation Hub Study Rooms Community Hall Informal market place Commercial Co-working space Small Office spaces Retail Polyclinic Restaurant

Table 7- Open Space requirements, Source: Author

Private Open Space/Green

Semi-Private Open Space/ Green

Semi-Public Open Space/ Green

Public Open Space/GreenHigh activity Node

SPACE STANDARDS- NEUFERTS- SENIOR LIVING SPACES

Nursing Care- Relationship diagram for spaces

Nursing Care-One and Two Bed care room

Nursing Care-Cluster layout Figure 28- Space standards for Nursing care Source: Neuferts

137

SPACE STANDARDS- NEUFERTS- SENIOR LIVING SPACES

One person flat- 40 sq m Retirement flats

Laundry in Senior living homes Figure 29- Space standards for Senior living spaces Source- Neuferts

One person flat-37sqm

Two person flat-58 sq m

SPACE STANDARDS- NEUFERTS- LABS & offices

Computer

Passage width between workstations

Figure 30- Space standards for Labs and Offices Source: Neuferts

Research

Experimental labs

Office layout with 15m depth

Workstation layout in small

139

SPACE STANDARDS- EXAMPLES- co-working spaces

Figure 31- Coworking space example Source: Base 4work

Figure 33- Coworking space example, Source: The WeWork Report

Figure 32- Coworking space example Source: The WeWork Report

Figure 33- Coworking space example Source: The WeWork Report

Figure 34-Coworking space example Source: Innov8

SPACE STANDARDS- NEUFERTS- offices layout options

Arrangement options with 7.5m and 15m depth

Figure 35- Office Layout options Source: Neuferts

141

SPACE STANDARDS- NEUFERTS- POLYCLINIC

Figure 36- Spatial Requirements for Polyclinic Source: Neuferts

SPACE STANDARDS- NEUFERTS- others

Multi-purpose hall Figure 37- Spatial Requirement for Multi Purpose Hall Source: Neuferts

143

INTEGRATED READING OF ALL COMPONENTS

VISION INDEPENDENT & SHARED LIVING • Idea is to encourage working, startups, economic independency. • Idea is to encourage interaction with younger generation, who can eventually volunteer for assistance to elderly, and encourage a chain of social behavior that aids both of the generations in learning through interaction. NURSING CARE • Idea is to have physical proximity to all necessary medical facilities, and maintain calm and serene environment

Figure 38- Integrated reading of all Components, Source: Author

KEY INFERENCES

Residential Built up Maximum, potential of taking it vertically, as the most important space visually as well.

Retail should ideally be spread only across the ground floor, due to the nature of shops.

Community Hall has the potential toget footfall inside, hence location can be deep inside

Due to sectional intermixing, a different vocabulary can be designed for the first 2 levels and the residential spaces above.

Open spaces need to be designed for visual break, as no major views in the context.

All residential units should have views to public or private spaces, experiential design.

Way Forward- Identify Site and co-relate with the area program. Identify gaps and make amendments in the program.

145

SITE 1. Site Selection 2. Overview Studies- Master Plan 3. Site location and Development norms 4. Site and Connectivity 5. Green and Open spaces 6. Traffic Analysis 7. Movement 8. Understanding the Neighborhood 9. Immediate Land-use Around 10. Volumetric analysis 11. Activities around the site 12. Site Pictures 13. Site Edge condition and Experience 14. Climate 15. Observation and Aspirations 16. Integrated reading of all the components 17. Inferences, Conclusions and Way forward for the design

147

SITE LOCATION : DWARKA, DELHI The site selected for this proposal lies in Sector 17, Dwarka. It falls under Zone K II of the Master plan. The land use of the site is Public and Semi-Public Use respectively, thus allowing for flexibility of functions to be incorporated. Points considered while choosing the site :

1. Urban Context The choice of site for a senior living home cum habitat centre is in an urban context, allowing for both seclusion yet connection. Emphasis has been put on selecting a site with connectivity with major transport systems.

2. Why Dwarka? Accessibility- The choice of site was limited to Dwarka due to best airport and metro ( Sector 13/14) connectivity allowing for families to visit. An Integrated Metropolitan Passenger Terminal and I.S.B.T. have also been proposed in sector 22. Expected Growth rate- As per the DDA document, there is an expected growth rate of senior living in Delhi from 5.9% to 10.7% in 2021. but there are no proposals to accommodate the baby boomer generation. Although there were talks about DDA proposing a senior living home in 2016 with healthcare facility, shopping complex and metro connectivity, but the master plan does not reflect any spatial allocation, Hence, a gap has been identified.

SITE LOCATION IN DELHI MASTER PLAN Dwarka in Delhi- South West Figure 39- Site Location Source: Delhi Master Plan

Older population- More than 8% of India’s older population resides in Delhi, with approximately .5% of which resides in Dwarka. Dwarka has also become the choice for senior living due to its proposed development as an integrated hub (Source :Dwarka police report 2021) Hence a need has been identified. Current Scenario-There are various old age homes in Dwarka, however such a model of senior living home and habitat centre has not been developed yet. Hence, such a development can act as a prototype for future developments. Residential bedroom of Delhi- Currently Dwarka functions as the residential bedroom of Delhi. It is not a place where people visit, but is a rather a place where people return to. Hence, the program and concept can redefine the identity of Dwarka and impact at a city level.

Dwarka and its landuse- DDA has implemented a unique concept of Mixed Land Use (MLU) in Dwarka. Most of the DDA housing clusters in Dwarka have commercial buildings in close proximity. In many sectors, approximately 80% of a plot is used for residential flats and the remaining 20% for commercial use like retail. This unique MLU concept is convenient for the occupants of Dwarka DDA flats, as they get the facility of shopping, dining and purchasing grocery in close proximity. Hence, this typology is effective.

3. Land use There is flexibility to play with the programmatic components since, the selected land use and context is diverse. With a permissible FAR of 1.2, Gound coverage of 30% and Height upto 26m, the plot has potential for a development allowing for green open spaces for a healthy community living. Also, due to being a PSP land use, there is potential for mixing of functions such that a viable economic model is also developed.

4. Chosen Plot The plot has been selected keeping in mind the need for healthcare facilities for the elderly. A hospital has been proposed by DDA in the plot adjacent to the chosen site. Care has also been given to ensure that the surrounding land use allows for intergenerational interaction and provides access to other recreational and commercial facilities if required.

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • Dwarka already planned as a mixed use development with 80% residential and 20% commercial ratio proposed for all sectors.- Starting point for area program development.

149

OVERVIEW STUDIES MPD

CONTEXT

SITE LOCATION IN DWARKA ZONAL PLAN

DETAILED SITE LOCATION

•

Dwarka is a strategic location due to presence of various range of people around allowing for city level impact to happen.

•

It shares boundaries with Gurgaon, CoOperative Societies, Delhi NCR, Urban Villages, and International Airport.

•

Designed on a Sector concept, with grid layout

•

Each of the residential sectors has been envisaged to be self-contained Communities and has been designed for a population of about 30,000 each.

•

Every sector houses a mix of residential, commercial and public activities

•

Area of each sector is about 81 ha. (900 m x 900 m)

•

Each sector is bounded on all sides by arterial roads of 45 m and 60 m wide.

•

All retail spaces proposed along the metro corridor, as a linear development slowly expansing out to residential and mixed use neighborhood.

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • •

Figure 40- Overview Studies Source: Author

Vision of each sector of Dwarka as an integrated COMMUNITY should be translated in design. Way ahead- Find out if the proposal and vision is actually working on ground or not.

LOCATION AND DEVELOPMENT NORMS UTTAM NAGAR

DWARKA NAJAFGARH

SITE LOCATION SITE DIMENSIONS

TOWARDS I.G.I AIRPORT TOWARDS GURGAON Figure 41- Site location and Dimensions Source: Author

DEVELOPMENT NORMS Total Site Area- 36,355.8 sq m , 8.9 acres Ground Coverage- 30%, 10,906.8 sq m F.A.R- 1.2 Maximum Permissible Built up area- 43,600 sq m, 10.77 acres Maximum Height- 26m Setback for Plot size above 10,000sqm Front- 15m Rear- 12m Side- 12m

ECS per 100sqm of floor area- 1.8 Standards for car parking Open- 23sqm per ECS Stilted- 28 sq m per ECS Basement- 32 sq m per ECS Multi level with ramps- 30 sq m per ECS Automated Multi level with lifts- 16 sq m per ECS

Norms of Airport Authority of India- Maximum permissible height with respect to mean sea level is 37m.

151

SITE CONNECTIVITY •

•

Dwarka is bounded by NH-8, Outer Ring road, Najafgarh Road, Pankha road and Rewari railway line. It is 4km from the IGI Airport, 10km from Dhuala Kuan, 15km from India Gate, 18km from Connaught Place, 23km from Old delhi Railway station and 22km from Gurgaon respectively. Bus Stand, NearestOn-site Auto Stand, Nearest200 m from site Metro Station, Nearest650 m from site, 8 minutes walking, 2 minutes by car

45m ROW 30M ROW Figure 42- Site Connectivity Source: Author

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • • •

Well connected to other parts of city and transport system Presence of bus stop right in front of site, which is a good point for last mile connectivity A public hub can function efficiently due to good connectivity

Open SPACES and grain analysis 0 - Open for public P- For private use S- School playground G- Dedicated green belts E- Empty land

Currently there are lot of public open greens in and around the site. The presence of these spaces is adding the peace and tranquility to the environment. Hence, the same character should be continued. Context is large grain, even texture Grain- Large Even Texture

Grain,

Figure 43- Open Spaces around Source: Author

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • • •

Lot of green spaces, but not being utilized. Feel deserted. Designed as isolated parks Each of the residential sectors also around functioning as isolated gated communities, no interaction with the surrounding plot. Design needs to integrate the boundaries and create a system of interaction between spaces and edges

153

TRAFFIC ANALYSIS

WEEKDAY MORNING Source: Google maps

WEEKEND MORNING Source: Google maps

WEEKDAY AFTERNOON

WEEKDAY EVENING

Source: Google maps

WEEKEND EVENING

WEEKEND AFTERNOON Source: Google maps

Illustration 51- Traffic Analysis Source: Google maps

•

The traffic mapping suggest that the 45m road which is road 205 remains free of traffic throughout the week. A little slow movement is observed during afternoon and evening however, no congestions points can be noted

•

Also, there exists a service lane on site however, its in a dilapidated condition.

•

More sound/ traffic noise is observed on the 45 ROW

Source: Google maps

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES •

45 ROW edge becomes feasible for locating entry exits and would not contribute to any congestion or traffic in the context.

•

The 12m ROW may also function as a potential entry

PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR MOVEMENT

•

Mixed use development around forms a rich pedestrian network to the site.

•

It is observed that the pedestrian movement is primarily kept to the periphery.

•

The site is accessible by pedestrians from three edges. There are dedicated pathways on site for pedestrians but they are not in proper condition.

•

No space observed for cyclists.

• Vehicular45m ROW- Primary access 30m ROW - Secondary access 12m ROW- Currently functioning as a service lane

Boundary

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES Plan showing movement Important junctions Illustration 52- Junctions on Site Source: Author

• • •

•

Junctions are important, will have a direct influence on facade, access and entrances Considering the movement direction, the service lane needs to be redesigned to have potential entry points The 45m ROW already has an opening to access the adjascent residential development, potential for locating an entry in proximity. The presence of gate dividing the 12m ROW has to be thought about as currently that is demarcating a public and private zone

155

UNDERSTANDING THE NEIGHBORHOOD Physical infrastructure within 2km radius has been mapped to understand the missing links and needs of the precincts. Schools/University Restaurants Market Police station/ booth Hotels Religious infrastructure Petrol Pumps

Figure 44- Mapping Infrastructure around Source: Author

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • • • •

Presence of multiple schools, universities within 1km radius, hence potential for bringing in multiple generations to the site High end restaurants and hotels with retail in the lower floor is present. The retail component is open to public. Newly opened Vegas mall in walking distance. Presence of a police booth right in front of site, hence idea site for security. Problem- The entire commercial zone has been allocated for retail, no space for offices/working/rentable spaces, as well as lack of community spaces- Identified the gap with respect to the master plan vision.

LAND USE AROUND LEGEND

DISTANCE

1. DDA Park Sector 14 2. DDA Park Sector 13 3. DDA Housing 4. DDA Park Sector 17 5. Plotted Housing 6. School 7. DDA Housing 8. I.P. University 9. Proposed site for Family court 10. Proposed site for Hospital 11. DDA Market 12. National Law University, Delhi 13. Patent office 14. Dwarka Sector 13 metro station 15. Dwarka Sector 14 metro station 16. Vegas mall

0.15 km 0.2 km 0.1 km 0.19 km 0.29 km 0.38 km 0.19 km 0.15 km 0.1 km 0.1 km 74.7 m 0.25 km 0.1 km 0.9 km 0.8 km 1.5 km

Figure 45- Mapping Land use around Source: Author

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • •

Within this sector and the precinct, there exists primarily residential spaces and a lot of universities and schools. Missing- The sector does not have any office spaces, working spaces or community spaces.

•

Hence, need for commercial and community spaces to cater to the needs of the sector and the precinct.

157

land use around

DDA Housing

Source: Google images

I.P University

Dwarka Sector 13 Park

Patent office

DDA Sector 17

Source: Author

Source: Google images

DDA Market

Source: Author NLU Dwarka & Delhi Judicial Academy Source: Google images

Source: Google images

Vegas Mall, Sector 14

Source: Google images

Dwarka Sector 13 Metro station

Source: Google images

VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS

ARCHITECTURAL VOCABULARY

Buildable zone

Proposed site for hospital

•

Residential: Mostly RCC structure with plaster or grit finish or painted in neutral tones.

•

Market: RCC structure with Grit finish. Open corridors with shops lined.

•

University: RCC structure with paint, bright color, visual expression, In some use of sandstone as a material, richness to the facade

Residential

Section at a

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES SDMC 12M HALL ROW

Buildable zone

45M ROW

PATENT OFFICE

• •

Section at b •

Figure 46- Schematic Sections Source: Author

VEGAS MALL SITE Metro STATION

•

Metro STATION

•

Presence of a mixed typology of built expression. Relatively new developments hence all follow the standard RCC framed structural system. No major visual anchor observed, it shall be designed to invite people. Maximum G+3/4 construction in the context, building height needs to respond to the contextual heights. Fewer trees on site, more need to be planted in South and South west direction

A B Key Plan 159

ACTIVITIES

Coconut selling point at 45M ROW

Source: Author

Cholle Kulche selling point at 45M ROW

Source: Author

B A C Key Plan

C Source: Author

Entrance for adjacent developement

Paan/Daily needs selling point at 30M ROW

Source: Author

There is presence of various informal vendors near site. Hence, space needs to provided for these informal vendors to set up.

SITE PICTURES A

Source: Author

Key Plan

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • • • • •

The site currently is abandoned. There is no construction on site and is left barren There are few trees within and around which need to be retained No major views around, apart from the Vegas mall, hence the design should have inward looking spaces well designed. Proximity to the airport will play a role in sound aspect.

161

SITE EDGE CONDITIONS & EXPERIENCE

45M ROW Edge

• • • •

Source: Author

30M ROW Edge

In a dilapidated state • Proper allocation of space for • pedestrians • Presence of a bus stop on this edge Continous sound of vehicles, busy road, energy

Source: Author

Footpaths way too high, not walkable Few informal vendors at this edge Relatively calm zone

12M ROW Edge

• • • •

Source: Author

Used as a service lane Presence of a gate dividing the colony Lined with trees Extremely calm

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • •

Zoning should be done based on the spatial experience and transition which is observed during analysis from an energetic edge to really calm edge. However, care has to be given to maintain security along the 12m edge, as currently it was a dead zone, a potential for activating it.

CLIMATE DATA

Temperature Peak summer- Over 40 degrees Winters- Minimum 4 degrees

Precipitation Mostly dry months Rainfall - 10-20mm maximum

Average Temperature and Precipitation Maximum temperature- 43 degrees Celsius with 130mm precipitation in June Lowest temperature- 6 degrees Celsius with 20mm precipitation in January

Wind Speed Maximum wind speed observed in the month of May and June

Cloudy, Sunny and Precipitation Mostly sunny June, July and August precipitation months

Wind-rose Diagram Prevailing wind directionWest, North-West and South East

Illustration 53- Climate Data Source: Meteoblue

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • •

Design should not only be for summer months, but winter considerations are also important considering the user group Strategies may be developed for rainwater harvesting

163

CLIMATE ANALYSIS CLIMATE OF DELHI

- Composite

Overlapping the sun-path diagram on the site to understand the most efficient orientation of the built form with respect to the climate.

Level of Site with respect to mean sea level

Illustration 54- Site Plan, Source: Google Earth Images

Illustration 55- Contour maps Source: Contour map Creator

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES • • •

Extreme variations in temperature, from being extremely hot in summers to cold winters. Therefore, it is imperative that the design should adhere to the solar direction that is N-S Orientation. The N-S orientation will also aid in tapping the winds and creating a cooler outdoor environment. Also, rainfall harvesting can be done keeping in mind the natural drainage flow on site as can be seen below.( 5-6M drop observed from edge to edge over a span of 150m)

• •

Natural slope of site towards drain Soil Composition- Silt and clay with Kankar

OBSERVATIONS AND ASPIRATIONS

PROBLEMS

The following observations were recorded during the site visit and with interaction with people-

Support to the observations and inferences made on site.

CRIME AND SAFETY • • •

Space becomes dead at night Crime rate high, drinking issues Lot of DDA parks around, but youngsters, elders hardly get out due to safety and crime

LACK OF NIGHTLIFE, ANCHOR, “PLACE TO BE” • • •

No anchor, no space to be , lack of place-making,no marker of space, nothing which encourages people to come Upscale urban neighborhood, but people don’t know about it, 2 embassies opened, malls opened No dedicated community space, no “hangout space”

DIVERSE AGE GROUPS IN THE CONTEXT, POTENTIAL FOR BRINGING THEM ALL TOGETHER • • •

Lot of universities, young crowd- potential working spaces, intergenerational interaction Excessive number of schools around- teachers, students, college goers Very few places to work, businessmen go out of dwarka

Illustration 56- Article on Problems in Dwarka Source: Hindustan Times, October 2020

This article published supports the inference about lack of commercial and socio-cultural facilities in Dwarka, thereby establishing its need.

OTHER OBSERVATIONS/RECORDINGS • • • • • • •

Maintenance of roads is an issue Not efficient street lighting Calm and serene environment Sound of airplane sometimes during the day No stationary shops Lack of public infrastructure Shallow water levels, water logging

INFERENCE/DESIGN DIRECTIVES •

Hence , there is a need for more space allocation for commercial (working) and community facilities.

165

INTEGRATED READING OF ALL COMPONENTS ACADEMY

GREEN ZONE

TIN CON

TEX

CON ROM DF

ALM

T SY

IMPORTANT VISUAL ANCHOR

MARKET

BOU N

LINE POT OF TRE ENT E IAL E S, NTR A

DAR YW

ALL

GRI

IAL ENT POT

NOI

PROPOSED HOSPITAL, POTENTIAL CONNECTION TO POLYCLINIC

CCES

UAT I

ARY ACC ESS-ris

OR A

GREEN ZONE

MAJ

SECOND

PROPOSED FAMILY COURT

MAJOR PEDESTRIAN JUNCTION

POTENTIAL ENTRANCE TO PUBLIC SPACES

k of com

gestion

OFFICE

NCE

RESIDENTIAL

UNIVERSITY Figure 47- Integrated reading of all Components Source: Author

KEY INFERENCES

Vision of each sector of Dwarka as an integrated COMMUNITY should be translated in design.

Site has a very unique geometry, and hence the design needs to respond to that.

The major junction for pedestrian movement has the potential for becoming a vibrant part of the experience

There should ideally be no entrance along the 30m ROW due to no service lane and any potential entry/exit might create congestion points.

Design needs to integrate the boundaries and create a system of interaction between spaces and edges

There is “no major place to be”. Need to introduce more commercial and community functions.

Way Forward- Identify the suitable Technology armature based on the readings from the Site and Program, keeping the Proposition in mind.

167

TECHNOLOGY 1. 2. 3. 4.

Structure Safety Sustainability Services

169

CONCEPT - INTEGRATED COMMUNITY TYPOLOGIES OF INTEGRATION PHYSICAL

FUNCTIONAL

PHYSICAL PROXIMITY TO SPACES

RELATIONAL

SYMBOLICAL

INTERACTION WITHIN SOCIAL GROUPS

ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITIES IDENTITY WITHIN THE CITY

ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY

Creating multiple opportunities of interaction, courts and soft thresholds, multiple accidental interactive spaces.

Ensuring Horizontal, Vertical, and Sectional interaction. Based on the principals of Seamless design.

Vision for each age, working opportunities

Hub of Generations

VISION

self sufficiency

INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN TECHNOLGIES

To promote sustainable practises and create a community within itself

Applying the concept of integration in adopting suitable technology, thereby redefining the general parameters for designing spaces.

Figure 48- Vision for Technology Armature Source- Author

171

STRUCTURE

DRIVER

DEFINING AREAS OF RESEARCH/ TECHNOLOGIES

•

What structural systems will allow integration of functions both horizontally and vertically? What type of system will allow integration of large span spaces with smaller span vertically to allow for mixed use to function effectively?

RCC Framed Structure Waffle and Grid Slab- Large span spaces Pre-cast ferrocement channels- Light weight Roof

•

• • • •

Material Palette- AAC Blocks

•

Considering Delhi is in Seismic zone 4, how can the mass of the building be reduced by looking at alternate methods and light weight systems, materials?

•

Smog Absorbant Facade Technology

•

Delhi- Smog every year, any system/material to tackle that.

173

STRUCTURE Project Details

R.C.C FRAMED STRUCTURE

sectional dimension would get reduced.

The height restriction is 26m. With a floor to floor height of 3600mm for residential and 4200mm for commercial use, the construction would ideally be G+6 floors maximum.

System

• •

There are three typologies of spaces with regards to structural systems. • • •

Residential Units, Office areas Innovation labs Multi-purpose halls, Community halls

For residential and commercial buildings, since the building height is restricted to 7 floors, a RCC framed structure can be used.

Less skilled labors are required for erection Large span structures possible, cantilever possible. (Patel, 2016)

Details Reinforced Concrete Structures are one of the most popular structural elements. Since Concrete is strong in compression but very weak in tension. Hence for simplicity of design, its tensile strength is neglected. Wherever tension occurs cracks are likely to occur perpendicular to the tensile force. Hence, steel reinforcement is provided and all tension is considered to be resisted by steel. Due to tension developed by moment, main reinforcement is placed on tension face to arrest the cracks and provide tensile strength to the member. Advantages • • • •

• •

Good in compression as compared to most other materials used for construction beside good in tension. Better fire resistance than steel Long service life with low maintenance cost. Can be casted to any shape required, making it most economical structural material. Yields rigid members with minimum deflection. By using steel in concrete the cross-

Basic RCC framed structure. Source-JC Watson

Thumb Rules for Designing Slab depth- Span/32

Beam depth- Span/12

Size of Column • 4-6 storeyedSpan/ 15- Span/12 • 6-8 storeyedSpan/12- Span/10

GRID SLAB/ COFFERED SLAB

more than 750mm c/c. The ribs have a thickness of not less than 75mm and depth is 3/4 times the thickness.

System For large span structures Grid Slab or a variation of it which is the waffle slab shall be used. Details The grid or coffered floors consists of beams spread at regular intervals spanning in both directions. It is widely used for large span column- free spaces example theatres, auditoriums etc.

Thumb Rules of designing Span Range: 10-30m Spacing of ribs: 2m- 3m c/c Width of ribs: 150-250mm Spacing of columns (only along the periphery)- 4m-6m c/c i.e. at alternate grids Depth of ribs= Span/20- Span/25 Thickness of slab= 65 mm- 100 mm

Waffle Slab Illustration 57-Waffle Slab Source: Google Images

Figure 50- RCC Grid Floor Source: JC Watson

Holedeck slab Illustration 58- Holedeck Slab, Source: Google Images

Figure 49- Types of Grid Floors Source: JC Watson

WAFFLE SLAB Advantages • • • •

Larger span, lesser number of columns required. Greater load carrying capacity Savings on weight and materials Attractive appearance

The waffle slab is a special type of grid floor system in which the slab is very thin ( 5075mm) and beams (the ribs) are very slender and closely spaces generally not more than 750mm c/c. The ribs have a thickness of not less than 75mm and depth is 3/4 times the thickness.

TENTATIVE CALCULATION • • •

Grid size 8x7.5 Column size= 8000/15= 533.3= 600mmx400mm Beam size= 8000/12= 700mmx400mm

175

PRE-CAST FERROCEMENT CHANNELS mesh encapsulated in rich cement mortar, thereby achieving significant reduction in both steel reinforcement and dead weight of roof. This composition provides a more uniform distribution of strength as compared to RCC. Advantages • Illustration 59- Precast Ferrocement roof channels at Development Alternatives Headquarters Source: Author

• •

System For small meeting rooms, working spaces, pre cast ferrocement channels can be used for roofs or intermediate floors to reduce the amount of concrete used. Ferrocement is considered as a highly versatile form of a composite material made of cement mortar and layers of wire mesh or similar small diameter steel mesh closely bound together to create a stiff structural form Details The pre-cast ferrocement roofing channels of a segmental arch profile which are placed adjacent to each other and spanning over two supports. After partly filling the valley between channels with concrete, the channels form an idealized T-beam and are able to carry the load of a roof / floor. Ferrocement comprises of a uniform distribution of reinforcement

by use of chicken wire mesh and welded

Light weight roofing – 60% reduction in dead weight as compare to RCC Pre-casting of roof leads to substantial reduction in construction time 20% saving in cost possible because of reduction in steel quantity and elimination of coarse aggregates and shuttering

Thumb Rules for designing and Sizing • • • • • • • •

Bay length- 750mm Rise of Arch- 290mm Shell thickness- 25mm Length maximum- Upto 5.5m Design mix : Cement: Fine Aggregate 1:2 to 1:3 by weight, M25 grade Water: Cement ratio 0.45 to 0.55 Mesh reinforcement : 200 mm strip of MS weld mesh Valley filling- Plain cement concrete 1:2:4 upto 125 mm thickness and light weight local material for the remaining depth

Illustration 60- Precast Ferrocement roof channels at Development Alternatives HQ, Source: Development Alternative manual

Feasibility and integration

1.6m

2.5m

Residential

Mixed use 15m

2.5m

1.6m

2.5m

Residential

Mixed use 22m/ 27m with balconies covered

*MODULES WILL WORKED OUT FOR EFFICIENT UTILIZATION Illustration 61- Flexibility and Integration of Structure Source: Author

177

material selected Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

Illustration 62- Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Source: Google Images

AAC is an acronym for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete(AAC)Block. AAC Block is made from 60-65% FlyAsh (byweight), OPC cement, Quicklime, Aluminum powder and Gypsum. They are extremely strong and durable despite their light weight. AAC’s solidity comes from the calcium silicate and from the process of curing in a pressurized steam chamber called an Autoclave

Glazing Unit

Sizing 200mm thk AAC Blocks

Proposed Schematic Section

100mm thk AAC Blocks

Double Glazing with air cavityFor Sound and thermal insulation, proximity to airport

100mm thk AAC Blocks

50mm thk Rockwool Insulation

Advantages • • • • • •

• • •

Lightweight Good sound insulation-sound transmission class rating of 44 Thermal conductivity is less Easy workability High strength, due to high pressure steam curing autoclaving process Water saving- There is no need to water AAC Blocks for curing. Only the mortar joints need to be cured with water in case of a conventional mortar mix Earthquake resistant Eco-friendly Requires less mortar

Illustration 63- Double Glazing Unit Source: Cgp.com

Proposed Schematic Section for southern and western wall

material selected- SMOG ABSORBANT

Mechanism When sunlight hits the chemically treated surface, a process begins that oxidizes organic matter, turning pollutants into water vapor and CO2

Every year Delhi faces huge problems of smog, where the air quality index deteriorates beyond control. This is a crucial concern while designing a Senior living community where increased pollution levels could lead to many health hazards. This problem can be dealt with an innovative technology which is the “Smog eating facade”. •

This special concrete is also called as the Smog eating concrete. A photocatalytic additive called Titanium dioxide is added to the cement. This additive in the presence of sunlight gets activated and reacts with the pollutants to neutralize them into harmless salts.

•

This concrete purifies the air surrounding the building. These salts will deposit on the building surfaces and will be washed away during the rain and mix with the soil. Since these salts are inert, it will not pollute the soil in return.

•

Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulphur dioxide are some of the major pollutants that can be neutralized using this technology. The pollutants emitted by the vehicles and industries can be neutralized by this concrete (“What is Smog Eating Concrete Buildings?,” 2020)

Illustration 64- Application in Existing Building Abroad, Source: IJRSET

Illustration 65- Palazo Italia Milan Source: Architizer

Illustration 66- Manuel Gea Gonzalez Hospital Mexico Source: Architizer

All of these panels can be 3d printed, hence a custom size (module) will be designed for the same. Composition will be Cement with Titanium Dioxide. For residential areas. It can be used as a coating form, in paints, finishes etc. Sizing: 20-30mm thick

179

SAFETY

DRIVER

DEFINING AREAS OF RESEARCH/ TECHNOLOGIES

•

• • •

Integration of traditional and modern methods of ensuring safety in a built environment.

NBC Fire and Life Safety Norms NBC other norms NFC (Near Field Communication) Technology

* Aspects of Universal design, and principals of CPTED have been detailed in the research section

181

SAFETY

• •

FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

• •

In case of mixed occupancy, in so far as fire protection is concerned, all the occupancies/ the entire building shall be governed by the most restrictive provisions of the Code among those applicable for individual occupancies. The provisions for life safety given in the Code for individual occupancy shall, however, apply to the respective occupancies. Exits in such mixed occupancy shall be arranged so as to ensure that means of egress is not decreased in the direction of egress travel.

2.2m 2.4m

Fire Command Centre Fire command centre shall be on the entrance floor of the building having direct access. The control room shall have the main fire alarm panel with communication system (suitable public address system) to aid floors and facilities for receiving the message from different floors. All controls and monitoring of fire alarm system, pressurization systems and smoke management systems shall take place from this room.

Exit Norms Minimum Dimensions required: • Riser - 150mm • Tread - 300mm • Width - 1500mm/2000mm (based on building use) • Height- All the exits and exit pathways to exit discharge shall have a clear height of at least 2.4m. However, the height of exit door can be 2m be at least 2m.

Exit Width Requirements for Internal Staircase • • • • • • • • • •

Residential (A-2) : 1.25 m Residential (A-1, A-3 and A-4) : 1.25 m Residential hotel (A-5 and A-6) : 1.50 m Assembly : 2.00 m (NOTE: The width of stairs may be accepted to be 1.50 m in case of assembly occupancy having less than 150 persons.) Educational : 1.50 m Institutional : 2.00 m All other occupancies : 1.50 m

Requirements for External staircase Provided on the external facade or wall: • External Staircases shall always be kept in sound and usable condition • Directly Connected to the ground

No smoke or openings close to smoke Non-combustible materials doorway of external staircase should be 120min fire resistant Should not be inclined less than 45 degrees from the Horizontal

Travel Distance Different building use have different travel distances. Travel distances for different occupancy groups as per NBC have been listed below.

Dead End corridor

Fire Fighting

The dead end corridor length in exit access shall not exceed 6m for educational, institutional and assembly occupancies. For other occupancies, the same is 15m

Fire tank- An underground or overhead tank with satisfactory supply of water for the purpose of firefighting. It might be stored in two or more interconnected compartments of equal size to facilitate cleaning and maintenance of tanks. Fire Pump room- To be provided either at the ground level or not below the second basement with a separate access from ground level. Sprinkler system- Automatic sprinklers need to be installed on each floor for fire protection. The maximum floor area covered by one system is 4500 sq m

Door Openings Door opening must be equal to the width of the staircase. Door swing must be clear of escape route. Doors must open in the direction of egress.

Compartmentalization It is important to limit the spread of a fire in any building. The usual method is to use fire barriers. In some instances these barriers need to be penetrated for ductwork, plumbing and electrical systems, and in such cases, use of passive fire protection measures shall be done so that the integrity of these barriers is not compromised.

Lift Lobby requirements Lift lobby must be enclosed and pressurized or naturally ventilated upto 30m height, above which it must be pressurized or cross ventilated. For singly loaded lift lobby, width of the lobby must be at least 1.5 times the width of the car. For doubly loaded lift lobbies, it must be 2.5 times the car depth.

Fire tower- An enclosed shaft having protected area of minimum 120min fire resistance rating comprising of a fire staircase, fireman’s lift, FHCs connected directly to the exit discharge for evacuating people. This enables access to all the floors assisting in evacuation in case of egress.

All floors shall be zoned with area not more than 750 sq m The maximum size of the compartment shall be as follows, in case of sprinklered basement/ building:

183

Fire Hose Cabinet- It is a cabinet of size approximately 600 x 1200 mm. it has a hose reel which the fireman uses to get water for extinguishing fire. there must be an FHC at every 22.5 or 30m depending upon the length of the hose reel. Fire Tank and Pump Room requirement- NBC Table 7 Facility

Fire tank (Underground storage tank) in Litres

Pump near Pump near Underground overhead storage tank storage tank (litre/min)

Ratio

Residential

Educational

Fire Tank (on terrace) in Litres

Pump near overhead storage tank (litre/min)

25,000

900

63%

15750

567

25,000

900

10%

2500

Nursing care

150,000

20,000

6000

800

Assembly

20,000

450

400

Business

50,000

5000

450

18%

9000

900

Merchantile

5000

450

4.5

15000

20400

751.5

Fire Tank (on terrace) in Litres

Total

Fire tank (Underground)

Table 8- Fire Tank and Pump Room Requirement Calculation Source: Author

*Aspects of universal accessibility and access control through built environment design has been covered in the research section.

accessible parking spaces shall be provided;

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS

and • For over 200 parking spaces, six designated accessible parking spaces for 200 parking spaces and one for each additional 100 parking spaces shall be provided

Building distance and open space Minimum dimensions of open spaces is 3/4th of building height.

Requirement of Side and Rear Open space Fire tender access Minimum 6m road needs to be provided, turning radius 9m. For building area above 10,000 sq m fire tender should have access to atleast half of the perimeter of the building. Parking

Vehicular access Minimum 6m road needs to be provided.

Ventilation shaft requirement The ventilation shaft requirements based on building height have been shown below.

Number of designated accessible parking requirements • A minimum of one accessible designated parking space shall be provided in every parking area; • For up to 10 parking spaces, one designated accessible parking space shall be provided; • For up to 25 parking spaces, two designated accessible parking space shall be provided; • For up to 50 parking spaces, three designated accessible parking spaces shall be provided; • For up to 100 parking spaces, four designated accessible parking spaces shall be provided; • For up to 200 parking spaces, six designated

185

ACCESS CONTROL IN MIXED USE BUILDINGS

NFC Technology in Door Entry Systems

A building access control system, at its most basic form, is a way to ensure only authorized people are able to enter the building. The idea is to have Role-Based access control where each user has a specific role and based on that role, access to the space is allowed or denied. This adds an additional layer of security and protection. With most building access control systems, traditional keys aren’t used and for a mixed use development, in few years the transition to technology is on the rise for such access controls.

Near field communication (NFC) technology is a newer kind of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification. RFID technology makes use of electromagnetic waves to capture and read transmitted data.) that acts in a similar way as the original. NFC smart tags are most often activated by smart phones, which act both as receivers and transmitters of data.

Methods of access control apart from manned entry exit. • • • •

Key fobs Keypad access Fingerprint access Card Access

Key Fobs

Keypad access Fingerprint access

Illustration 67- Access control options Source: Google Images

These are few of the methods, however there is always a risk of loosing keys and cards or forgetting codes, specially when we are looking at a user group above 60. Hence, fingerprint access shall be preferred.

NFC technology is used to simplify the concept of access badges or keys. In most cases, NFC technology employs one reader and one card or key. The card will be coded with the tag data, which contains the identifying information that allows a connected access panel to authorize or deny access to the cardholder. That key is tapped over an NFC reader, which reads the information and verifies the person’s identity. This communication is not only limited to authentication, however. It can also record detailed access information, including the exact time access is granted, how long access was granted for, and many other office safety metrics (“RFID and NFC Door Access Control Systems | Kisi,” n.d.) Benefit The key can even be in your mobile phones, thus allowing for flexibility of use.

NFC Technology for accessing core areas

NFC Technology for opening doors

187

SUSTAINABILITY

DRIVER

DEFINING AREAS OF RESEARCH/ TECHNOLOGIES

•

• • • • • • • • • • • •

To design a self-sustained community, whatever demands are raised, a certain portion or completely is met on-site itself. Integration of traditional and modern technologies

Requirements of Composite Climate Zone Water Diagram-Proposal Water Demand Calculation Rainwater Harvesting Storm water management Sewage Treatment Landscape Design and Development Energy Diagram- Proposal Location of Substation, Dwarka HVAC System- VRF Green Roof technology Solar Power Generation

189

COMPOSITE CLIMATE ZONE- checklist of considerations while designing

Composite climate displays both characteristics of hot and dry, warm and humid as well as cold climates. The characteristics change from season to season. The day time temperature fluctuate between 32-43 degree Celsius for hot and dry months, whereas in between 27-32 degree Celsius for warm and humid months and upto 27 degree Celsius for cold and dry months. The relative humidity is low throughout the dry periods at 20 to 55%. During wet period it rises to 55 to 95%. The solar radiation alternates between conditions found in the warm-humid and hot- dry desert climates. Winds are hot and dusty during dry periods. Monsoon winds are strong and steady. The monsoon rains are intensed and prolong, occasionally 25- 38mm can fall in an hour. There is no or little rain during dry seasons. The sky conditions vary with seasons. It is heavily overcast and dull during monsoons and clear in dry seasons. The intensity of sky glare varies accordingly.

Requirements Resist Heat Gain in Summers • • • • • •

Reduction of Exposed surface area Increase Thermal resistance Increasing Thermal capacity Creation of Buffer spaces- wall section proposed Increase shading and blocking from west and south sun Reduce heat gain through surface reflectivity

Promote Heat Loss in Summer or Monsoon • • •

Adequate Ventilation of spaces Decrease humidity in Monsoon Increase air exchange rate

Understanding the Comfort Index The ‘Comfort index’ means hours that fall under temperature, humidity and wind speed conditions that is optimum for people to carry out light to moderate physical activities without being affected by the weather. A study by IIT Delhi shows that Delhi has 12.9% of time in the severe danger category and only about 26.3% of time in the comfortable category. Hence, the optimum built environment conditions have to be designed as the

191

water BALANCE DIAGRAM- COMMUNITY, SELF SUFFICIENT SLUDGE DISPOSED

SERVICES MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY

WASTE WATER (GREY WATER) WATER CLOSET (BLACK WATER)

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

LANDSCAPE

ROOFTOP RAINWATER RAINWATER SURFACE WATER

Figure 51- Water Balance Diagram Source: Author

RAINWATER HARVESTING

UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK

BIO- SWALES

RECHARGE GROUND WATER

EXCESS

water BASIC WATER DEMAND CALCULATION Facility

Area

O.Factor

Occupants

Domestic Water Demand/ person (A)

Flushing Water Demand/ person (B)

Total Domestic Water Demand

Total Flushing Water Demand

Water Demand/ person (A)+(B)

Total Water Demand/ day ( Litres/ day)

Underground Overhead Tank Tank capacity (cu. capacity (cu.m) m)

Residential Lobby & Admin Residential Units Dining Hall Clubhouse Nutritional Centre Multi-purpose Hall Rooftop lounge

590 12.5 10140 Based on unit no. 650 1.8 740 2 200 12.5 450 1.4 80 1.8

48 280 280 370 16 280 45

25 90 5 25 10 5 55

20 45 10 20 5 10 15

1200 25200 1400 9250 160 1400 2475

960 12600 2800 7400 80 2800 675

45 135 15 45 15 15 70

2160 37800 4200 16650 240 4200 3150

712.8 12474 1386 5494.5 79.2 1386 1039.5

1425.6 24948 2772 10989 158.4 2772 2079

Community Innovation Hub Study Rooms Community Hall Informal Market Place

1800 1200 640 150

4 4 1.4 3

450 300 385 50

25 25 5 5

20 20 10 10

11250 7500 1925 250

9000 6000 3850 500

45 45 15 15

20250 13500 5775 750

6682.5 4455 1905.75 247.5

13365 8910 3811.5 495

2000 1630 300 735 1600

10 10 3 10 1.8

200 163 100 74 880

25 25 5 10 55

20 20 10 5 15

5000 4075 500 740 48400

4000 3260 1000 370 13200

45 45 15 15 70

9000 7335 1500 1110 61600 189220

2970 2420.55 495 366.3 20328 62442.6

5940 4841.1 990 732.6 40656 124885.2

Commercial Spaces Co working space Office space Retail Polyclinic Hospitality Total

Table 9- Water Demand Calculation Source Author

193

water rainwater harvesting Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a simple technique by which rainfall is collected for future usage. The collected rainwater may be stored, utilized in dissimilar ways or directly used for recharge purposes. With depleting groundwater levels & fluctuating climate conditions. System- Wet type rainwater harvesting system Wet systems work by first collecting water off the roof into gutters. Water is then fed into airtight downpipes that meet underground and flow into one large pipe. This pipe continues underground until it reaches a ‘riser pipe’ where water pressure forces water up the pipe from below, until it’s high enough to feed a storage tank. Advantages • •

Tanks can be located anywhere on the site , even underground and in basements as long the level of the tank is below the level of the roof. Hence, suitable for a mixed use typology

Basic Calculations Peak Rainfall in Delhi is 60mm per day Total Site area= 36,355.8 sq m Estimated roof area= 8906 sq m Run-off coefficient (IGBC) A. Hard Paved= 0.95 B. Soft Ground= 0.6 Rain Water storage tank capacity designed to store water from 5 days of continous rain as per peak one day rainfall= 0.95 x 8906.8 x .06 x 5= 3076.86 cubic metre = 307680 L, 3076.86 KL

Tank Requirement 3 tanks of 800KL each of dimensions 10m x10m x 8m 1 tank of 676KL of dimension 8m x 7m x 4m

Figure 52- Rainwater Harvesting Diagram Source: Rainwaterharvesting.org

STORM WATER RUN-OFF

maybe flooding situations, after the maximum percolation is complete, the excess water is transported through the pipes so areas with catch basins to further store it.

BIOSWALES Bioswales are channels designed to concentrate and convey stormwater runoff while removing debris and pollution. Bioswales can also be beneficial in recharging groundwater. •

•

Bioswales are typically vegetated, mulched, or xeriscaped. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than 6%). Bioswale design is intended to safely maximize the time water spends in the swale, which aids the collection and removal of pollutants, silt and debris. Depending on the site topography, the bioswale channel may be straight or meander.

Application Bioswales are commonly applied along streets and around parking lots, where substantial automotive pollution settles on the pavement and is flushed by the first instance of rain, known as the first flush. Bioswales, or other types of biofilters, can be created around the edges of parking lots to capture and treat stormwater runoff before releasing it to the watershed or storm sewer. Benefit Bioswales have perforated pipes. The concept underlying this arrangement is that during low to medium rainfall, through the natural filtration process, the water passes through the layers, and infiltrates into the soil to recharge the ground water. But during heavy rainfall, or

Illustration 68- Bio Swale working mechanism Source: NC State University

195

Plantation types for Bioswales in Delhi These plantation types also have the added advantage of holding soil through there roots, hence beneficial during extreme rainfall.

Hymenocallis littoralis (Spider lillies)

Ophiopogan Jaburan (Mondo Grass, Giant liliturf)

Canna (Water lillies) Illustration 69- Plantation types, Source: Google Images

LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT Vegetation Types (Evergreen and deciduous) : Some examples of the functional implications of using evergreen and deciduous plant material for specific situations are : (a) Evergreen trees for : (i) Places requiring shade throughout the year, (ii) Strong visual screening (iii) Part of windbreak or shelter planting (b) Deciduous trees for : (i) Greater visual variety (ii) Partial visual barrier (iii) Areas where under-planting is to be encouraged (iv) Emphasis on branching and flowering pattern (v) Areas where shade is not required throughout the year (CPWD Handbook on Landscape) Trees (special effects) : Trees in this section include individualistic, spectacular or strong in character to occupy the isolated positions, either because of these qualities or because they do not mix easily in visual sense with other trees. e.g.- Ficus bengalensis (banyan tree), Cassia fistula (amaltas), Bombax malabaricum (silk cotton tree), Cassia nodosa (pink javanica), Jacaranda mimosaefolia (neeli gulmohar). Chrosia speciosa, Mimusops elengi (mulsari) Callistemon lanceolatus (bottle brush) Trees (barriers) : Barriers formed with plants are needed in landscape for screening the unpleasant views, for dividing up the landscape into spaces, for providing shelter from wind, for protection against pollution

for defining boundaries and for assisting in the creation of beautiful landscape. e.g.- Casuarina equisetifolia, Grevllea robusta (silver oak), Ficus benjamina, Polyalthia longifolia (ashok), Putranjiva roxburghii, Schleichera trijuga (kusum), Golden bamboo etc. Shade givers : Pteropsperum acerifolium, Albizzia lebbek, Pelptophorum, Michelia champaca, Anthocephalus cadamba,Dalbergia sisso,. Glyricidia Maculata accer sp., Cornus florida. Trees tolerant to Dust and Smoke : Acacia auriculiformis, Alstonia soholaris, Butea monosperma, Ficus Benjamina, F. benghalensis, Madhuca Indica, Pongamia glabra, Ficus religiosa, Terminalia Arjuna, Albizzia llebbek, Bombax ceiba.

NATIVE TREES AND PLANTERS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Amaltas Neem Khijri Peelu Ashoka Doodhi Kosam Kaim Peepal Desi Babool Bistendu Dhoob Durva Hariyali Couch Grass Bermuda Grass Aruju

Trees for Noise Reduction : Terminalia Arjuna, Alstonia scholaris, Azadirachta Indica, Butea Monosperma, Mangifer Indica, Madhuca Indica, Juniperus chinesis, Eucalyptus Citradora, Kigelia pinnata

Illustration 70- Native Trees and Planters Source: Pradip Krishan

Neem

Peepal

Amaltas

Kaim

197

SEWAGE TREATMENT Sewage treatment is essentially the process of removing contaminants from waste water which contains sewage.Physical, chemical and Biological processes are used to treat it such that it is safe enough to reuse. A by-product of the same is a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge. Sewage Treatment Plant Basic calculations Total water requirement = 124 KL Total domestic requirement = 56 kL Total flushing requirement = 68 kL Size of STP = 75% of domestic usage + 100% of flushing usage = 110 kL Thus required size of STP = 130 Cu.m Using Thumb rule, that area required for the plant is roughly 60% of the capacity Area Required for the treatment is = 80 sq m The sewage generated during the operation phase will betreated upto the tertiary level in STP. The treated water willreused for toilet flushing, landscaping etc in the project.

Illustration 71- Sewage Treatment Process Source: National Water Agency

ENERGY- REDUCE CONSUMPTION, COMMUNITY- IDEA TO GIVE BACK TO THE GRID, INTEGRATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

POWER SUPPLY FROM THE GRID

COOLING LOAD

Appropriate energy saving hvac system Reduce heat gain through roof by terrace gardens, reflective materials

HEATING LOAD

LIGHTING REQUIREMENT

OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT

SOLAR POWER GENERATION

Appropriate orientation to have summer and winter spaces Appropriate depth of spaces for lighting

Innovative technologysensor based lighting

EXCESS

Figure 53- Energy Diagram Source: Author

199

LOCATION OF THE NEAREST SUBSTATION IN DWARKA

BSES Substation, Dwarka Distance from site to the Substation is 2.2km

Figure 54- Location of Nearest Substation Source: Author

HVAC SYSTEM - VRF SYSTEM- VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW- MULTIPLE SMALL SPACES, DIFFERENT OCCUPANCY DURATIONS VRF HVAC systems can be air-cooled and refrigerant-based, using outdoor condenser units and indoor fan coil units. The VRF HVAC system has several smaller air handlers that can be individually controlled and piped back to one system. The term variable refrigerant flow, or VRF, refers to the system’s ability to control the amount of refrigerant flowing to each of these small air handlers. VRF HVAC technology is capable of providing not only cooling, but also heat, and even both simultaneously to different areas within the space. The use of multiple indoor units provides the ability to create zones that can be individually controlled.

Advantages • • • • •

Type of VRF System There are broadly two types of VRF Systems. One is a two pipe system, which can either heat or cool a space at one given point, the other being the three pipe sysem, which allows for heating and cooling zones simultaneously. The three pipe system is more flexible as it allows for extreme temperature variations at one point, which will be efficient for a senior housing design.

Heat Recovery Controller Outdoor Unit Three Pipe

Refrigerant Pipes Indoor Units

Energy Efficient Quiet Operation Flexible, can heat and cool simultaneously Modular units both indoor and outdoor provide flexibility for future expansion Occupant comfort is high as the system relies on inividual zone control

Disadvantages •

•

Every space needs a dedicated indoor and outdoor unit, hence the design has to cater to that spatial allocation The initial costs of installation are high, but when compared to other systems, the savings in energy returns the investment within 5 years or less.

Illustration 72- Three Pipe VRF system Source: Researchgate.net

201

HVAC SYSTEM - SIZES AND TYPES

For Commercial and Community areas

For Residential Units

Flexibility to Choose

No plant room required, small shaft required for refrigerant piping. Basic Dimension of Outdoor Units-690X 732x 1690mm

Illustration 73- HVAC System size and type, Source: Researchgate.net

HVAC SYSTEM - SIZES AND TYPES, REFERENCE FROM HITACHI CATALOGUE Indoor Unit

4 way Compact Cassette type

Monitoring system

Central Station Mini PSC-A32MN

Outdoor System

Preferred Locations

There is a touch panel centralized controller. Its down-to-detail control functionalities, such as Weekly Scheduling, Accumulated Work Hours, etc., which helps in monitoring exact duration, consumption and saving energy. Balcony

Landing of outdoor staircase

Under Balcony Eaves •

Any semi-covered space.

Upto 160 Indoor units can be connected to a Single outdoor unit. 203

HVAC SYSTEM -CALCULATION OF COOLING LOAD FOR THE PROECT Facility

Total Area ( in sq m)

Air conditioned area (in sq m)

VRF System

Natural Ventilation

Residential

10900

Lobby & Admin Residential Units Dining Hall Clubhouse Nutritional Centre Multi-purpose Hall Rooftop lounge

590 10140 650 740 200 450 80

9100 580 660 200 360 -

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Community

3170

Innovation Hub Study Rooms Community Hall Informal Market Place

1800 1200 640 150

1650 1000 520 -

Yes Yes Yes No

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Commercial Spaces Co-working space Office space Retail Polyclinic Hospitality TOTAL AIR CONDITIONING LOAD

Total Air conditioned area (in sq m)

6135 2000 1630 300 735 1600 1 Ton/ 25 sqm

Table 10- Calculation of Cooling load for the Project Source: Author

2000 1500 300 735 1600

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes No Yes 20205 810 Tons

reducing heat gain through GREEN ROOF TECHNOLOGY A green roof is a layer of vegetation planted over a waterproofing system that is installed on top of a flat or slightly–sloped roof. Green roofs are also known as vegetative or eco– roofs. They fall into three main categories— extensive, intensive, and semi–intensive.

• • • •

Extensive Green Roof - Extensive Green Roofs are well suited to roofs with little load bearing capacity and sites which are not meant to be used as roof gardens. The costs are lower than Simple Intensive or Intensive Green Roofs.

• •

Temperature Regulation Air quality Rainwater retention Sound insulation

Disadvantage Load factor Cost of construction

Semi-Intensive Green Roof - Semi-Intensive Green Roofs in terms of requirements fall in between Extensive and ntensive Green Roof systems. More maintenance, higher costs and more weight are the characteristics for the intermediate Green Roof type compared to that of the Extensive Green Roof. A deeper substrate level allows more possibilities for the design; various grasses, herbaceous perennials and shrubs. Intensive Green Roof / Roof Garden - Lawn, perennials, bushes and trees are possible on Intensive Green Roofs. Walkways, benches, playgrounds or even ponds can be established as additional features on the roof. There are no limitations in design and individuality. Advantages •

Aesthetics

205

OTHER TECHNOLOGY FOR HEAT GAIN REDUCTION- COOL ROOF TILES Cool roofs reflect and emit the suns heat instead of absorb it. By reflecting the heat of the sun instead of absorbing it, they keep buildings cooler and reduce the amount of energy needed to cool them. Coolness is measured by two properties: solar reflectance and thermal emittance. Both properties are measured from 0 to 1; the higher the value, the cooler the roof. For this purpose Glossy Ceramic broken tiles might be used.

Illustration 75- Classification of Green roofs according to type, usage, construction and maintenance requirement Source: EPU Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Classification of green roofs according to type, usage, construction and maintenance requirement. Source: EPU Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Thickness of tiles- 5-10mm Illustration 76- Glossy Ceramic tiles Source: Development Alternative Brochure

ELECTRICITY CALCULATION Facility

Area (in sq m)

Operating Hours

Lighting Load

Equipment Load

Total Load (w)

Total Electricity wh

Residential Lobby & Admin Residential Units Dining Hall Clubhouse Nutritional Centre Multi-purpose Hall Rooftop lounge

590 10140 650 740 200 450 80

24 24 8 12 12 12 12

9.1 12 14.1 11.5 9.7 14 14.1

2 8 2 10 2 2 2

11.1 20 16.1 21.5 11.7 16 16.1

157176 4867200 83720 190920 28080 86400 15456

1800 1200 640 150

12 12 10 14

15.1 13.7 14 18.3

10 2 2 2

25.1 15.7 16 20.3

542160 226080 102400 42630

2000 1630 300 735 1600

12 12 12 12 14

10 10 18.3 13.7 14.1

10 10 2 2 2

20 20 20.3 15.7 16.1

480000 391200 73080 138474 360640 7942792 7942 Kwh

Community Innovation Hub Study Rooms Community Hall Informal Market Place Commercial Spaces Co working space Office space Retail Polyclinic Hospitality

Table 11- Electricity Calculation Source: Author

207

SOLAR POWER GENERATION

•

Type- Monocrystalline Solar Panels

There is a lot of waste material when the silicon is cut during manufacture

Working Mechanism- Grid connected system • • • • Illustration 77- Solar panels, Source: Energysage.com

Photovoltaic cells absorb the sun’s energy and convert it to DC electricity The solar inverter converts DC electricity from solar modules to AC electricity. Electricity flows through your home, powering electronic devices Excess electricity produced by solar panels is fed to the electric grid through the local substation.

Advantages

• • •

They have the highest level of efficiency at 17-20% They require less space compared to other types due to their high efficiency This form of solar cell lasts the longest, with most giving them a 25-year warranty They perform better in low levels of sunlight, making them ideal for cloudy areas

Disadvantages • •

Expensive There is a lot of waste material when the silicon is cut during manufacture

Estimated Total roof area= 10796 sq m Tentative Roof area for solar panels= 10796 sq m- 80 qm- 2699 sqm ( 1/4 th for green roof)= 8017 sq m Removing 20% for services and circulation= 6012 sq m Thumb Rule: 1 sq m of Solar panel produces 0.75kwh per day with 5 hours of sunlight. Efficiency= 0.18 Electricity generation per month= 6012x 0.75 x 0.18x 30= 24,351 kwh per month.

Monocrystalline Solar Panels are panels that are made out of single crystal of pure silicon. They are made out of the highestgrade silicon. Since they are made out of the highest-grade silicon, the efficiency of monocrystalline solar cells is high and range in between 17% to 20%. These are black in colour and have a uniform look.

•

Basic Calculations

Illustration 78- Solar Panel Composition Source: Clean Energy Review

209

SERVICES

DEFINING AREAS OF RESEARCH/ TECHNOLOGIES • • • •

Plumbing (Two pipe system), Toilet requirements Electrical Conduiting (Overhead) Lift Requirements Parking Requirement and Strategy ( Integration of Manual & Puzzle parking system)

211

PLUMBING System - Two Pipe Drainage system This is a piping system in which all soil appliances such as water closets, urinals, bidet and bedpan sinks are connected to soil stack and all other plumbing fixtures such as baths, sinks and basins are connected to waste stack through deep seal trap. In addition, a common vent stack is provided for ventilation of soil and waste stacks.

Soil Pipe= Min. 100m dia Waste Pipe= 32-50mm Dia, with P traps Vent Pipe= 75mm Dia

Toilet Requirements- Office

Office area - 3630 sq m (2000sqm/floor) Occupancy factor - 10 No. of Occupants - 363 No. of males - 182 (50) No. of females - 182 (50) (assuming 50:50 ratio)

Illustration 79- Two Pipe Drainage System Source: NBC

Table 12- Toilet Requirement for Office Building Source: NBC

Males

Females

Urinals

Wash Basins

Toilet Requirements- Community Hall

Toilet Requirements- Polyclinic

Hall area - 640 sqm Occupancy factor -1.4 No. of Occupants - 457, maximum 640 No. of males - 229 (50) No. of females - 229 (50) (assuming 50:50 ratio)

Table 13- Toilet Requirement for Cinema, Multiples, Convention Halls, Source: NBC

REQUIREMENT

Table 14- Toilet Requirement for Polyclinic, Source: NBC

REQUIREMENT

Males

Females

Urinals

Wash Basins

Polyclinic area - 735 sq m Occupancy factor - 10 No. of Occupants - 74 No. of males - 37 (50) No. of females - 37 (50) (assuming 50:50 ratio)

Males

Females

Urinals

1 1

2 -

Wash Basins

213

Toilet Requirements- Study and Innovation Centre

Toilet Requirements- Restaurants

Area - 3000 sq m Occupancy factor - 4 No. of Occupants - 750 No. of males - 375 (50) No. of females - 375 (50) (assuming 50:50 ratio)

Restaurant area - 1600 sq m Occupancy factor - 1.8 No. of Occupants - 888 No. of males - 444 (50) No. of females - 444 (50) (assuming 50:50 ratio)

Table 15- Toilet Requirement for Study and Innovation Centre Source: NBC

REQUIREMENT

Males

Females

Urinals

5 6

10 -

Wash Basins

Females 7 -

Urinals

Males 4 8

Wash Basins

Table 16- Toilet Requirement for Restaurants Source: NBC

Toilet Requirements- Retail • Universal accessible Washroom has to be provided in each zone

Retail area - 300 sq m Occupancy factor - 3 No. of Occupants -100 No. of males - 50 (50) No. of females - 50 (50) (assuming 50:50 ratio)

Table 17- Toilet Requirement for Retail, Source: NBC

REQUIREMENT

Males

Females

Urinals

3 3

4 -

Wash Basins

215

ELECTRICAL- OVERHEAD CONDUITING

In an overhead installation, structured cabling and electrical conduits are typically routed above the false or suspended ceiling and then terminated directly above the room’s server rows. Cooling is channeled above the false ceiling as well, then directed to the server environment below by way of adjustable vents. Advantages • •

•

Less expensive, occupies less floor space, and fits more conveniently in shorter building spaces. Cable trays, ladder racks, and raceways are less expensive than a complete raised floor system, contributing to the cost savings. Less floor space is needed for an overhead installation because there is no entrance ramp, which—depending upon the height of the floor and how steeply the ramp is angled—can have a footprint of more than 200 square feet (18.6 square meters). This also provides some cost savings. There will already be a pocket of space above suspended ceiling to accommodate wiring for the overhead lights and piping for sprinklers and

Illustration 80- Typical False Ceiling Source: Author

VRF System , any electrical and data cabling needed can be included in the overhead area as well. System- Suspended False Ceiling • • •

Grids- 600x600, works well with VRF Grid Depth =approximate- 1.4 m below slab Layout= Beam, Electrical Conduiting, Ducts (for ac and ventilation)

LIFT REQUIREMENTS

peak population handled during 5 min period, Q = Average number of passengers carried in a car, T = Waiting interval in seconds, and P = Total population to be handled during the peak Morning period. (It is related to the area served by a particular bank of lifts.) Table 20- Recommended Nominal Time, Source: NBC

Formula The waiting interval is calculated by the following formula: T= RTT/N

Table 18- Recommended Lift Speed, Source: NBC

Where, T = Waiting interval in seconds, N = Number of lifts, and RTT = Round trip time, that is, the average time required by each lift in taking one full load of passengers from ground floor, discharging them in various upper floors and coming back to ground for taking fresh passengers for the next trip. The handling capacity is calculated by the following formula: H = (300*Q*100)/(T*P)

Table 19- Recommended Nominal Time, Source: NBC

Where, H = Handling capacity as the percentage of

Basic Calculations Total carpet area of Residential- 20,194sq m (divided into two blocks hence - 10,097 sq m each) Occupancy factor - 12.5 sq m Occupancy - 808 persons Taking a 16 passenger lift with speed 1 m/s Calculated RTT is =110 seconds With recommended handling capacity between 10-15%, lets assume the handling capacity to be 12%. H = (300xQx100)/(TxP) 12= (300x16x100)/(Tx730) T = 54s N = RTT/T = 110/54 = 2.03 = 2 Lifts in each core (T=RTT/N = 110/2 = 54s) For 16 passenger lift with speed of 1 m/s required shaft size - 2300 x 2300mm Out of the two , one has to be a stretcher lift, hence required shaft size= 1800 x 3000mm

217

Table 21- Recommended Lift Sizes, Source: NBC

Table 22- Recommended Stretcher Lift Sizes, Source: NBC

PARKING REQUIREMENT & STRATEGIES The parking requirements will be met through mostly underground car parking spaces as the proposal is to keep the upper day lit areas for residents and other users. Two accommodate the parking requirements with broadly two user groups and in order to prevent construction of basement all throughout the site, to retain the green cover, two types of systems will be integrated. One is the tradition parking system and second is the Automated parking system. Calculating Parking Requirement

Advantages • • • • • • •

Multiple entries to reduce time Easy maintenance Low operating costs Variation available from 2 to 6 levels Compact arrangement,40% less space Lesser circulation area required Works best for future expansion, smart technology Disadvantages • • •

Need for lighting Structural considerations Unfamiliarity with the system

Illustration 81- Multilevel parking with Pit Source: Puzzleparkingsystem.wordpress

Minimum height- 4m for 2 levels

Retrieving time- 30-60 seconds, faster than manual

Functions

Total area

Cars

Residential

27,261

490

Community and Commercial

14829

267

Total

757

Illustration 82- Single Level Parking without Pit Source: Puzzleparkingsystem.wordpress

System- Puzzle type car parking system

Puzzle Parking, is a fully automated system featuring combination pallets that enable horizontal and vertical movement of parking spots just like a puzzle to park and retrieve cars. A fully automatic independent system, it can be easily configured and customized to any property.

219

OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS •

Layout- Simple, easy, obvious movement system

• 1. 2. 3. 4.

NavigationSlip resistant materials Edges should be curved Seating spaces at regular intervals Use of contrasting colors to highlight level differences, different spaces, should not be a homogeneous tone.

•

Acoustics- Noise control in nursing care- use of drapery, tapestries on wall to reduce echo’s and increases reverberation making it easier for elders to hear.

•

Thermal comfort- Design summer and winter spaces both

•

Visual comfort- no glare, avoiding high gloss surface that reflect light and make it difficult for seniors to maintain their balance.

•

Pressure requirements- Nursing Care, 2ACH, normal 0.35-1 ACH, more ventilation ducts required. No pressure difference needed.

KEY INFERENCES

01 02

30-40m is the largest span a waffle slab can take, hence care has to be given while integration and columns need to be provided and continued from the floors above

Number of cores might increase due to mixing functions, hence access control using RFID has to be incorporated to reduce the number

Underground space needs to be allocated for Rainwater and Sewage Treatment

VRF Outdoor units spatial allocation needs to be designed a part of the elevation.

Toilet requirements differ greatly, hence need to standardize due to intermixing of functions

A single basement will be efficient if only automated parking system is incorporated in design thereby reducing area to be dug out.

Way Forward- Listing out the exact determinants for design and beginning with formulation of a Concept.

221

DESIGN DETERMINANTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

S.W.O.T. Determinants from Proposition Determinants from Research Determinants from Case Studies Determinants from Site and Area Program Determinants from Technology Design Direction and Way forward

223

S.W.O.T.

STRENGTHS • • • • •

Connection with transport systems Proximity to parks, adding calmness to the space Location on primary road- Easier access Potential for becoming an icon for development, visually and spatially since its a corner plot Presence of police stations, booths within 500m radius, makes the neighborhood safer

WEAKNESS • • •

OPPORTUNITIES • • • • •

Freedom to explore the architectural vocabulary, lack of contextual influence Located adjacent to proposed Hospital, hence connection to medical facilities is feasible. Presence of diverse user groups around, potential for bringing them all together Last-mile connectivity Opportunity to create a visual as well as spatial anchor for Dwarka.

Inward looking, no major views around Not many vegetation on site, hence more trees need to be planted for experience as well as climate perspective Water logging in monsoons

THREATS • •

Presence of urban villages in close proximity, need to ensure the interface and access control is designed properly. Issue of gentrification. Airport in close proximity, Sound

225

determinants fROM PROPOSITION

“AGEING IS A PROCESS NOT AN OUTCOME” Ageing is a process, which has different stages and each stage has different physical, social and psychological requirements

“BREAKING THE STIGMA” Seniors of today prefer to live with like minded people, being independent and want to have access to all opportunities and resources as others. Figure 55- Determinants from Proposition Source: Author

“THE AGED AS A RESOURCE” Most experienced, wisdom, knowledge, exposure. Studies show the economic benefit of senior living communities abroad.

“social isolation” Re-imagine ageing, Integration, Celebrating the process of ageing

“AGE IS JUST A NUMBER” Why should one stop working at 60? Seniors continue to work as consultants after Retirement.

“Real estate projects, outside the city” Mixed use Senior living Community, within city

determinants fROM RESEARCH Courts with Built form arranged around to allow for interaction as well as Visual connection

Scattering Amenities at different levels. Glueing function, binding function between different user groups

One way corridor, playing with arrangement of units to get adequate light and natural ventilation Module, Rhythm in facade, Play with built expression Figure 56- Determinants from Research Source: Author

227

determinants fROM CASE STUDY

In Section

In Plan

Intermixing Commercial & Residential Facilities to promote working, startups, assistantship

Well Defined System of spaces, Easy navigation, one major spine governing the movement

Physically Accessible

Green Spaces at all Levels- Integration with Nature

Figure 57- Determinants from Case Study Source: Author

Visually Accessible

Visual Connect between Public and Private “Eyes on Street”

Accessible on Permisson

Layers of Access control Defining typologies of Interaction

Completely inaccessible

determinants fROM AREA PROGRAM AND SITE ANALYSIS ACADEMY OFFICE

MAJOR PEDESTRIAN JUNCTION

Entrance plaza

POTENTIAL ENTRANCE TO PUBLIC SPACES

OR A

S POT

OUN DOF B

LINE TRE OF ES,P OTE N

ENT

SEN PRE

TEX T

TIAL

RESIDENTIAL ZONE

CON

MARKET

STUDENT ORIENTED SPACES

GREEN AREA

GRI

SY NOI CALM TO

CONNECTOR SPACE/ FUNCTION

GREEN ZONE

ENT

OFFICE SPACES

ROM

RETAIL

CCES

IAL

MAJ

GREEN ZONE

RAN

UNIVERSITY

ARY

RESIDENTIAL

Overlaying the determinants from Site Analysis with broad area program divisions Figure 58- Determinants from Site and Area Program Analysis, Source: Author

229

determinants fROM TECHNOLOGY ARMATURE Structure

maximum ( 30m in one direction)

•

Staircases need to be pressurized, Lift lobbies can be naturally ventlated

•

RFID Technology to be adopted while designing cores with access control based on functions and user groups.

•

Maximum allowable span is 30m for waffle slab, hence large span spaces need to be sized adequately. The grid for the Unit design will be the major driver for the grid for parking and other functions, hence modular system needs to be adopted for spatial flexibility Inclined slab needs to be adopted for the accessible roof design with adequate depth to take the load of people and planting material.

•

Symmetry in Facade design shall be attempted for seismic considerations.

•

Attempt shall be made to reduce the mass of the building by using light weight materials like AAC Blocks for seismic considerations

•

Orientation- The Site geometry does not align with the optimum solar orientation, hence a decision has to be taken to strike the best posible balance between geometry and orientation to minimize heat gain.

•

Maximizing natural ventilation through design of singly loaded corridors with jaali panels.

•

Designing Green roofs in spaces facing direct heat gain.

•

Allocation of space for Sewage Treatment and Water treatment to maximize efficiency.

•

Allocation of space for Solar Panels to manage a portion of electrical demands on site itself.

Safety

Services

•

Core to Core distance needs to be 60m

•

Depth of false ceiling to be decided on the VRF System adopted and space required for running overhead electrical services.

•

Maximize the Green cover on site by adoptimg Puzzle parking sysem, such that one basement is sufficient to meet the parking demands. Care has to be given while locating the basement with respect to the green open spaces above.

Design of Security points at the Site, Building and individual function level.

Sustainability

Villa Bio Green roof, Source: Archdaily

adopted for Kitchen waste water and washroom waste water as kitchen waste contains huge amount of oils, hence the waste water from washrooms, needs to be directed to filteration tanks in the basement and then reused for flushing purposes.

Separate Piping system needs to be

design direction

Break the functional components into various parts and interlink and intermix spaces

Analyze potential connectivities that might foster positive social behavior

Create potential encounter spaces inspired by nature and Biophilla

Design not only opportunities for interaction but also options for seclusion at times must be allowed for

Break away from the monotony of residential spaces of form, space and activity by playing with cascading terraces

Understand the importance of the junction and harness its potential to bring in footfall.

Way Forward- Begin with formulation of a Design Concept and Vision for the space.

231

PART II

DESIGN TRANSLATION

233

DESIGN CONCEPT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

My Story Project Vision and Big Idea Spatial Concepts and Strategies Senior Friendly features in Design Concept for Unit Design

235

MY STORY 4th January 2021. Soon after I completed my 5th-year ninth semester, I went to see my grandparents with whom I hadn't interacted for over six months due to restrictions imposed by COVID. It was a pleasant experience to see and meet them after months, but to my surprise, I was welcomed with gloomy faces. On questioning the reason, my grandparents who are retired and above 80 years of age, exclaimed that this lockdown and being confined in an apartment has been hard for them. No access to social and cultural facilities, being devoid of interaction has taken away their daily dose of happiness. Adding to which they reminisced their childhood, which involved growing up in Rohtak in a courtyard house, with all elders and children staying together and how that community life gave them immense joy and happiness. The proximity to the facilities, the ability to engage in activities, the fulfillment from the bond that the neighborhood shared was unique and now, everthing has transformed due to changing spatial and social structures. “This is not how I planned to age” exclaimed Nanu, and that is where the conversation ended and a vision for reimagining ageing was sown!

237

REIMAGINING AGEING

design vision AND CONCEPT The project envisages ageing by Housing Our Elders in an Integrated Environment, where the nexus of Form, Space and Activity, fosters a habitat that is Age-Inclusive and Universal and which together at an Urban level functions as a “Hub of Generations”

The Big Idea?

Integration- Form, Space & Activity

PHYSICAL RELATIONAL SYMBOLICAL FUNCTIONAL Multi Layered Proposal

SITE LEVEL

URBAN LEVEL Functions as a ‘Hub of Generations’ an anchor where people visit

An Age-Inclusive Habitat, fostering an active Public Realm, allowing for various levels of interaction

PROGRAMMATIC LEVEL Integrating functions both horizontally and vertically to enable chance encounters

functional INTEGRATION STRATEGY

GE N SPI ERAT NE ION

PHYSICAL INTEGRATION STRATEGY

GE N SPI ERAT ION NE

ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITIES Zoning functions in a way that there is visual and physical interaction allowing for opportunities to work, or learn together, or teach.

GE SQ NERA T UA RE ION TH

IFE

LIN

PHYSICAL PROXIMITY TO SPACES Designing Spines of interaction leading to a square that houses various functions and generations, connected via a Lifeline which meanders through the most active zone on site to the most calm zone connecting various activity points, almost acting as a confluence of all functions. This also creates a clear system of movement important for a senior living facility.

CHAIN OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR Intermixing to an extent, that daily encounter promotes a chain of social behaviour towards the elderly where they are respected and wanted, and spatially accepted. Possibilities of student and office workers volunteering in senior living home.

239

relational INTEGRATION STRATEGY

Mound leading people at the upper level

Community Hall Eateries Dining Area Multi- Purpose Hall

INTERACTION WITHIN SOCIAL GROUP IDENTIFYING CONNECTOR SPACES Using community functions and Eateries as connector spaces between the public and private spheres.

SOFT THRESHOLDS PUBLIC REALM AT TWO LEVELS

COURT AND TERRACES OF INTERACTION Fostering interaction through creation of courts and terraces of interaction which house common connector functions like recreational activities, allowing for interaction between the senior living and the visitors.

symbolical INTEGRATION STRATEGY

Designing active public movement at two levels thereby increasing possibilities of visual and physical interaction. Using landscape design to foster movement at the upper level

Site Boundary

IDENTITY USING THE VOLUME

STRATEGIC LOCATION OF CONNECTOR FUNCTIONS Locating Eateries, and Community functions at the deepest part of the site to ensure maximum footfall, creating opportunities for chance encounters

Creating an identity using an interlaced form

DOUBLE HEIGHT SPACES FOR VISUAL CONNECTIVITY Designing double height spaces wherever there is horizontal or vertical integration to allow for integration as well as make that integration visually transparent to the community.

TERRACE AS A COMMUNITY SPACE Designing terrace as a community space at an upper level for senior residents with a grand ramp spanning across. The level difference also allows for visual connectivity with public functions below.

Context Plan showing sector planning

FRAMING VIEWS Framing views using double height entrances to enhance the user experience.

Design Integration

LANDSCAPE DESIGN AS A SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF THE CONTEXT PLAY WITH FACADE Playing with facade to create a a dynamic built expression using framing and colours.

Dwarka is based on a sector planning concept and as one observes each sector houses a clear pattern of green spaces, barren land and built area. Hence, a similar rhythm has been designed as a symbolic identity for Dwarka.

HOW DO SENIORS BENEFIT FROM THIS? Social Interaction, opportunity to work and learn. Inclusivity in all Spaces Assistive Technology Healthy Ageing

241

SENIOR FRIENDLY FEATURES IN DESIGN

Grab Bars in washrooms, anti skid floorng, user friendly fittings for comfortable useage.

Periodically spaces, built in seaters in corridors, external landscaped spaces, to allow seniors to rest.

Dedicated zone for nursing care with 24x7 doctor on call and ambulance on standby.

Sprinklers, fire detectors, emergency alarms and call buttons within each residence.

Ramps and railings for support in negotiating between levels.

Yoga, Gym and Therapy spaces along with other recreational zones for senior residents.

Spacious elevators, ability to accommodate stretchers in case of emergency.

Visual aid through change in colours and textures for easy navigation.

Dining facility with dietician zone for daily guidance.

Kitchen and washrooms designed for seniors in wheelchair for easy manoeuvering space.

Green corridors to encourage healing effect of nature.

Accessible Car Parking zones on site.

concept for unit design •

Ensemble- The units have been conceptualised in a way such that they are modular in terms of spatial arrangement which allows for flexibility to stack different typologies one on top of another.

•

Co Care- The second major consideration was to play with depth such that it leads to creation of shared community terraces at certain levels, thereby reinforcing the concept at a unit level as well. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Shared Green Terrace

BEDROOM

LIVING BALCONY DINING

TOILET

OPEN KITCHEN

GREEN AREA

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

BALCONY

INDEPENDENT LIVING

CONCEPTUAL 3D

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

BEDROOM

LIVING TOILET

DINING TOILET

OPEN KITCHEN

SHARED LIVING

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

BEDROOM

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

BALCONY

Shared Green Terrace

CONCEPTUAL 3D

STACKING TWO TYPOLOGIES 243

DESIGN EVOLUTION 1. 2. 3. 4.

Key Parameters for Form Development Initial Scribbles Design Development Pros and Cons

245

KEY PARAMETERS FOR FORM DEVELOPMENT

Solar Heat Gain Site Geometry

Context

Inter- Relationship between Functions

User Experience

Built open Relationship

Views Volume and Voids

STEP 1

design-initial scribbles

The design journey commenced with initial sketches focussing on understanding the site and its context in detail and the possible opportunities to zone functions based on the activity levels around.

Potential for bringing people, Footfall

Visual Anchor

Site

Climate

Overlap

Understanding Geometry and Orientation

Understanding the junctions and there influence

Possible Divisions-Noisy to Calm

Understanding the Activity levels and possible zone divisions

247

STEP 2 I

design-initial BLOCKING TO UNDERSTAND AREA , VOLUME & ZONING Office

Pedestrian Junction

Commercial zone

Block Model

Court 1

Intent

In an attempt to respond to the context, the design began by zoning functions based on the land uses and movement direction around, which led to the division of the site into two, public and private. Eateries, Retail and Community Hall were located at the junction identified as an important pedestrian node.

Pros Community zone

•

Ideal Location of residential zone, retail, eateries and study centre

Court 2

Cons

Court 3

Residential Zone

University

Residences

Block Model

• • •

Stark division of the site Weak inter-relationship between functions Very large open spaces

Intent

Commercial zone

Following the first iteration, attempt was made to intermix functions and establish a series of open spaces as a binding medium between all functions taking inspiration from the inter connected open spaces in the precinct.

Pros • •

Office and residential integration is a good initiative. Student spaces and residential function integration is good.

Cons

Community zone Residential Zone

• • •

No interrelationship with the adjacent access streets. Very large open spaces, no system in place Community Hall, Eateries, Retail seem isolated

STAGE 1

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Solar Heat Gain Analysis

Intent •

• •

Block Model

Offices

Retail & Eateries

•

Residential Community Hall

Study Centre

Further intermixing of functions vertically and create multiple courts responding to the adjacent access streets to bring in footfall to increase change encounters A separate zone for community hall, retail and eateries near the pedestrian node. All the public functions were zoned below with the residential component housed above allowing for vertical integration. Bridges were designed to connect different zone. Identification of the 12m ROW as the potential entrance.

Pros • • •

Appropriate zoning Vertical integration fits very well with the concept. Response to the pedestrian node works well.

Cons • •

By designing three separate blocks/zones, the design does not seem to adhere to the concept of integration. Bridges are acting as weak spatial connectors

Results from Solar Analysis • •

Individual Blocks with large open spaces Direct Heat Gain, inefficient massing

249

STAGE 2

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Intent •

• • • •

Block Model Offices

Residential Community Hall

Retail & Eateries

Study Centre

Solar Heat Gain Analysis

Adhering to the proposition an integrated form was designed, where there are two generation spines that connect to a common court, which further connects to a semi private court, directly linked to the entirely private court of the residential zone. The division of site into three zones was maintained Green space left near the 45m ROW to respond to the context Pedestrian node targeted to bring in footfall. Designing junctions of interaction as double height spaces.

Pros • • •

Integration of form is interesting Zoning works well Leaving the front portion with maximum trees is a good gesture.

Cons • • • •

The scale of spaces do not adhere to the idea of spines No system of movement Require clear navigation and structure to arrangement of spaces Can think of more ways to activate the pedestrian zone

Results from Solar Analysis • •

Very high western sun exposure South sun in entrance courts

STAGE 3

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Intent •

Generation Spines and Square

•

Block Model

• Residential Offices Eateries

Community Hall

Study Centre

Generation Spine

Retail

•

Attempt was made to design a clear system of movement through the entire site- Creation of Generation Spines leading to a Generation Square Identifying community space as the major connector function along with eateries and zoning it at the deeper part of the site to bring in footfall and create chance encounters Designing a landscaped plaza at the pedestrian node to bring in footfall at two levels. Play with heights to create a visual Rhythm.

Pros • • • •

Integration of form and play of heights The system of navigation works well. Designing public realm at two levels is a a good gesture The scale of spaces are better conceptually

Cons • • • • •

Form not respecting the geometry of the site Check the walking distances. Eateries should be located near the centre, too far to travel Analyze the heat gain in these open spaces, vary height based on that analysis. Too many entry, exits. Requires clear definition

Results from Solar Analysis • Staggering height towards the main pedestrian node

•

Consolidation of Blocks to reduce direct heat gain Very high western sun exposure

251

STAGE 4

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Intent •

• •

After the shadow analysis, it was observed that the Generation square had direct sun exposure and hence the public function blocks were spanned across to prevent heat gain. Consolidation of residential spaces as the distances were too much. Designing of a pedestrian movement at the first level as well to promote chance encounters. Defining the Generation square properly. Play with heights to create a visual Rhythm. Designing inward courts as no major views in the context.

Pros

Block Model Offices

Eateries

Community Hall Residential

Study Centre

• • • •

Pedestrian realm at upper level is well defined Integration of functions works well Scale of spaces work well Horizontal integration of functions is better.

Cons • Retail

• • •

Connector functions located too deep into the site. The visual experience from the access roads seems weak Designing access from 30m row, might create traffic problems. Think about vehicular movement and traffic points.

Results from Solar Analysis • • Staggering height towards the main pedestrian node

Require variation in height to block the South western sun Weak point- current massing blocks the morning sun, which is required for yoga spaces for senior living community- relook blocking

STAGE 5

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Solar Heat Gain Analysis

Intent • • • Block Model

Residential

Community Hall Eateries

• Study Centre

•

Offices

Designing terraces and courts of interaction to increase chance encounters. Moving the connector functions to the centre of the site to reduce walking distances Play with heights to create a visual Rhythm but blocking the south western sun. Designing double height entrances to enhance user experience Restricting Vehicular entrances along 45m ROW and 12M ROW.

Pros: • • •

Public component functions well Integration of functions works well Scale of spaces work well

Cons • • •

No dedicated open space for senior living The overall experience requires a binding medium Residential spaces scattered

Results from Solar Analysis • •

Heat gain in generation square is high. Weak point- current massing blocks the morning sun, which is required for yoga spaces for senior living community- relook blocking

253

STAGE 6

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Terrace of Interaction Generation Square Landscaped plaza leading to upper public level Solar Heat Gain Analysis Community Terrace

Intent • • • Landscaped plaza leading to upper public level

Block Model

Residential

Community Hall Offices Eateries

Study Centre Retail

•

Opening up the eastern court to get the morning sun as an active space for the senior living. Consolidating residential spaces Play with heights to create a community space at an upper level to give options for interaction within the senior living community Identifying the “LIFELINE” as the connecting medium between the entire site at the ground level

Pros • •

Residential Clubhouse

Various interactive spaces and possibilities of chance encounters The public and private interaction is interesting

Cons • •

Design more open spaces for senior living Break the form at certain junctions to make it playful, think about the built expression

Results from Solar Analysis • •

Spaces function efficiently for summer season. Winter spaces to be scooped out of the form based on direction and heat gain.

STAGE 7

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Framing Spaces to enhance the user experience

The Lifeline

Residential Offices

Retail

Block Model Solar Heat Gain Analysis Residential

Community Hall Eateries Offices Community Terrace

Intent

Study Centre

• Retail

• •

Attempt was made to break the form to create a playful visual expression Detail designing of the Lifeline as the meandering experience through the Generation Spines and Square. Designing a grand terrace at an upper level for the senior living community spanning across two levels

Pros • • •

Interesting play of form Terrace is a good gesture Multiple inter connections and inter relations in design, interesting-adheres to the proposition

Cons • •

Defining Skyline

•

Community Terrace

•

Framing as a concept for built expression

•

Design of semi covered spaces seems weak

Results from Solar Analysis

Works efficiently with respect to site location, geometry and weather conditions Need- Facade design based on this analysis.

255

DESIGN PORTFOLIO Design Drawings 1. Context Plan 2. Zoning 3. Zoning Section 4. Site Plan 5. Landscape Development 6. All floor plans 7. Unit Plans 8. Section AA’ 9. Section BB’ and Section CC’ 10. Section DD’ 11. Basement Plan 12. Senior Friendly Features in Design 13. Northwest Elevation

Technology 1. 2. 3. 4.

Sustainability Structures Services Safety

257

CONTEXT PLAN LEGEND 1. DDA Park Sector 14 2. DDA Park Sector 13 3. DDA Housing 4. DDA Park Sector 17 5. Plotted Housing 6. School 7. DDA Housing 8. I.P. University 9. Proposed site for Family court 10. Proposed site for Hospital 11. DDA Market 12. National Law University, Delhi 13. Patent office 14. Bus stop 15. Dwarka Sector 13 metro station 16. Dwarka Sector 14 metro station 17. Vegas Mall 18. Residential zone

CONTEXT PLAN

16 17

13 01

09 03

18 18 05 07

259

ZONING

Eateries and Community hall located in the centre to bring footfall deeper into the site to increase chance encounters

Residential Zone Polyclinic located below the Nursing Care zone for immediate medical response

Community Terrace

Offices

Offices located near the primary access road with proximity to the bus stop for easy access

Study Centre

Residential Zone

Residential Zone Located in close proximity to the residential zone adjacent

Residential Zone

Community Hall

Eateries

Residential Zone Located in close proximity to the university to get footfall

ZONING SECTION

CONNECTOR FUNCTIONS

EYES ON STREET

RESIDENTIAL OVERLOOKING COMMUNITY TERRACE

RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL

NATURE’S NEST

UNIT UNIT UNIT

UNIT OFFICE

COMMUNITY GARDEN

OFFICE CLUBHOUSE

EATERY ZONE

30M ROW STUDY STUDY

EXHIBITION

261

SITE PLAN site

LEGEND

45m ROW

04 01

11 +200

+200

+650

14 15

+650

+500 +00

16 07

+00

OW 30m R

G 14

+650

+200

+400

+200

12m ROW

1. Vehicular Entry near Bus stop (Office) 2. Vehicular Exit 3. Auto Stand 4. Bus Stop 5. Pedestrian Crossing 6. Pedestrian Entry Plaza 7. Informal Vendor Zone 8. Auto Stand 9. Vehicular Entry 10. Vehicular Exit 11. Vehicular Entry/Exit- For Residential zone 12. Tranformer, Meter Room 13. Drop off, Entrance court for Office 14. Generation Spine 15. Retail Node 16. Exhibition/Event area 17. Restaurant Spill out 18. Residential court, Garden area 19. Lotus Pond court, Yoga zone 20. Student Centre Entry 21. Community Hall Entry 22. Polyclinic Entry 23. Residential Entry 24. Meter room, Transformer

LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT

Water Feature for Calming affect

Community Terrace Community Garden with Seating areas

Built in seaters with Raised Planters

Eatery Zone with Seating area and Water feature

Nature’s Nest-Yoga Zone

Performance and Exhibition

Calm & Serene Private Zone

Active Public Realm

263

detail plans +00

+200

+650 +650

+500

+00

The design invites pedestrians from the main crossing by designing a public mound with landscaped zones for seating and relaxing. This junction also becomes a vital entry point for the upper level. The landscaped mound leads to the Generation Hub. Adjacent to it is the First Generation spine located with respect to the Bus stop and primary access direction. It functions as the food hub and spill out for the office goers.

Key Plan

View

The Entrance Plaza 265

View

View of the Generation Hub

detail plans +00

+650

+00

The second Generation spine is strategically located near the edge closer to the University to get footfall. The built form surrounding it houses study centres and experimental labs with spaces to spill out and exhibit work. This space is envisaged as a zone where the elderly and students can together learn, experiment and interact. Proximity to the residential above ensures safety and ease of access for the elderly.

Key Plan 267

View

View of the Generation Spine

detail plans

+650

+200

The Community Hall which is the most public function along with Restaurants and Eateries have been designed at the deepest part of the site where they function as the “Spatial Connectors” to the private zone. The Multi purpose hall of the residential zone can open up to the community hall allowing for interaction with the community. Restaurants are envisaged as “meeting places” where the elderly can interact with other people.

Key Plan

269

View

Entrance area of Community Hall

detail plans

+650

+200

+400

The residential zone apart from having access from various public zones, has an individual separate access as well. This zone has been designed as a calm, serene space with various senior living facilities like therapy centre and recreation lounge spilling out to the green area. The two courts function as a morning yoga spaces and extension to the multi purpose halls where activities like music therapy, group discussions take place daily.

Key Plan 271

View

Nature’s Nest- Yoga Zone

first floor plan

+200

+4400

LEGEND 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Ramp up to public level Security check point Cafe spill out Public entrance to facilities Communal Dining space Study centre spill out

A. Office area B. Gym C. Library D. Residential zone E. Coffee shops, Bakeries G. Study centre

273

detail plans

+200

+4400

The ramp from the ground level goes up to the first level, where after security visitors are free to roam around. The cafe from the office overlooks the public movement thereby establishing both visual and physical connectivity. The entire experience bridges across the Generation Hub and goes till the Gym and library zone which is another “ Connector Space” commonly used by the elders and the community.

Key Plan

detail plans

+4400

This zone houses experimental and computer labs fostering mutualistic learning between elderly and youngsters, which through controlled access has an option of spilling out to the public bridge for interaction. Inorder to further activate the upper level, the entire zone for eateries, coffee shops and bakeries have been located with a communal dining space to allow for many more chance encounters. These spaces can directly be accessed from residential zone above.

Key Plan

275

View

Entrance to the Generation Spine

detail plans

+4400

The nursing care units have been designed above the polyclinic to allow for immediate medical response if required. It also allows for “healing through nature” as this zone is dotted with trees and water bodies to promote calm and serene environment, crucial for healthy ageing.

Key Plan 277

detail plans

+4400

The zone is directly connected to the gym, which acts as the connector space for the community, the office goers and the seniors living in the facility. Singly loaded corridors with built in planters, enhance the entire living experience.

Key Plan

View

View of the Residential Lobby 279

second floor plan LEGEND Court of Interaction Learning Centre Office Residential zone Circulation area

LEGEND 17

15 18

+8300

1 3

2 2

2 3

7 3

3 2

2 2

8 9 11

10 21

18 19

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

Viewing Terrace Study Rooms Storage Reception cum Lounge Sky Labs Experimental lab Court of Interaction Meeting zone (Coworking space) Cafe Dining Hall Terrace of Interaction Coworking space Ideation zone Recreation Zone Residential Units (20) Sky Offices Small rentable offices Recreation Lounge Kitchen Storage Outdoor seating Reception- Nursing Care Changing area Nursing care units Nurse Station Housekeeping Storage Security Station Exhibition terrace

THIRD floor plan LEGEND Court of Interaction Learning Centre Office Residential zone Circulation area

LEGEND

2 2

2 3

6 3

12 13 +12200

21 16

15 17

5 4

1. Viewing Terrace 2. Study Rooms 3. Storage 4. Terrace of Interaction 5. Service Zone 6. Court of Interaction 7. Rentable office spaces 8. Working Terrace 9. Reception cum lounge 10. Community Terrace 11. Coworking Office 12. Independent living units (22) 13. Ramp to terrace level 14. Recreation Zone 15. Reception- Nursing Care 16. Changing area 17. Nursing Care Units 18. Doctor station 19. Storage 20. Nurse Station 21. Housekeeping Storage 22. Security Station

281

PART ELEVATION

FOURTH floor plan

LEGEND Residential zone Circulation area 8

LEGEND

+16100

2 9

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Recreation Zone Housekeeping Storage Security Station Electrical Room Ramp to Terrace ( Slope 1:12) Independent living units (22) Viewing Area Terrace Terrace with Solar Panels

283

VIEW

View of the Community Terrace

FIFTH floor plan

LEGEND 6 8

Residential zone

Circulation area

LEGEND

+20000

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Recreation Zone Housekeeping Storage Security Station Electrical Room Connecting Terrace Green Area Service zone Terrace Independent living units (16)

285

VIEW

View of the Event Court

UNIT PLANS- INDEPENDENT LIVING Unit Area-90 sqm Number- 50

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2 3500

4000

5000

BEDROOM

3300X5700mm

BALCONY

3400X1500mm

LIVING CUM DINING

KITCHEN

3300X2800mm

WASHROOM

3000

3800X7800mm

3300X1900mm

SHAFT FOR LIGHT & VENTILATION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2000

BALCONY

3800X2000mm

try

3300X1400mm

Entry PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Plan

Schematic 3D

287

UNIT PLANS- SHARED LIVING Unit Area-110 sqm Number-30

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2 3500

4000

3500

BALCONY

BEDROOM

3300X5340mm

BEDROOM

3300X5700mm

8000

WASHROOM 3300X1860mm

LIVING CUM DINING 3800X7800mm

KITCHEN

3300X2800mm

2100

WASHROOM

1600

SHAFT FOR LIGHT & VENTILATION

3300X1400mm

Entry PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

3300X1900mm

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2000

3800X2000mm

tr En

UNIT PLANS- NURSING CARE Unit Area-70 sqm Number-21 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1 6500

3 3500

8000

CARE ROOM 6300X7800mm

3300X1860mm

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

tr En

Entry

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

289

SECTION A

A’

Key Plan

GENERATION HUB

Parapet lvl +24900 06_LVL +23900

LOUNGE 05_LVL +20000

B OFFICE

OFFICE

TERRACE

OFFICE

LOUNGE 04_LVL +16100

COI

03_LVL +12200

OFFICE

ENTRANCE LOBBY

OFFICE

TERRACE OF INTERACTION

GENERATION HUB

COI DINING

CAFE

EXPERIMENTAL LAB COFFEE SHOP EXPERIMENTAL LAB

OFFICE

02_LVL +8300

01_LVL +4400 00_Plinth level +500 Basement 1 -3600 Base-7200

SECTION AA’

L-LIVING AREA B-BEDROOM K-KITCHEN COI- COURT OF INTERACTION

SECTION C

B’

C’

Key Plan

LEARNING CENTRE

AMPHITHEATRE

04_ +16100

03_ +12200

EXHIBITION AREA

EXPERIMENTAL LAB

LEARNING CENTRE

COMPUTER LAB

COMPUTER LAB STORAGE

COMPUTER LAB

STORAGE

LOBBY 02_ +8300

ENTRANCE LOBBY

01_LVL +4400

COMPUTER LAB STORAGE 00_Plinth level +500

SECTION BB’

05_LVL +20000

INDEPENDENT UNIT

04_LVL

03_LVL

+16100

NURSING CARE UNIT

INDEPENDENT UNIT

NURSING CARE UNIT

SHARED UNIT

NURSING CARE UNIT

SHARED UNIT

CONSULTATION ROOM

ADMIN

+12200 02_LVL +8300 01_LVL +4400 00_Plinth level

SECTION CC’

+500

LAUNDRY Basement 1 -3600

291

SECTION D

D’

Key Plan

350mm

Skylight and Terrace Garden

IDEATION ZONE

ENTRANCE LOBBY

06_ +23900

CONNECTING TERRACE

05_ +20000

COMMUNITY TERRACE

UNIT 04_ +16100

UNIT 03_ +12200

OFFICE CAFE

COWORKING ZONE

GYM

RESTAURANT

LIBRARY

COMMUNAL DINING

TOI COMMUNITY HALL ENTRANCE

02_ +8300

01_ +4400

RESTAURANT 00_Plinth level +500 Basement 1 -3600 Basement 2 -7200

SECTION DD’

TOI-TERRACE OF INTERACTION

BASEMENT PLAN Basement Area- 122240 sqm= 1/3rd of Site area Number of Car Required- 757 Surface Parking- 40 cars Key Plan

Basement One Number of Four wheelers- 348 Two wheelers- 67

293

BASEMENT PLAN Basement Area- 122240 sqm= 1/3rd of Site area Number of Car Required- 757 Surface Parking- 40 cars Key Plan

Basement Two Number of Four wheelers- 369 Two wheelers- 67

senior friendly features in design

01 Grab Bars in washrooms, anti skid floorng, user friendly fittings for comfortable useage.

02 Sprinklers, fire detectors, emergency alarms and call buttons within each residence.

03 Spacious elevators, ability to stretchers in case of emergency.

accommodate

Ramps and railings for support in negotiating between levels.

Yoga, Gym and Music Therapy spaces along with other recreational zones for senior residents.

Visual aid through change in colours and textures for easy navigation.

Dining facility with dietician zone for daily guidance.

Periodically spaces, built in seaters in corridors, external landscaped spaces, to allow seniors to rest.

Dedicated zone for nursing care with 24x7 doctor on call and ambulance on standby.

295

ELEVATIONS

Entrance Mound

Student Centre

North West Elevation

STREET SECTIONS Since the onsite space allocation was inadequate, hence the edges were redesigned based on standards to ensure active edges.

45M ROW

30M ROW

12M ROW 297

TECHNOLOGY: SUSTAINABILITY Building Orientation and Shading The site has a unique geometry and hence, in order to respond to it the built form has been oriented respecting the geometry, however at each stage, the solar heat gain was calculated and hence the modifcations in form were made to make the spaces both summer and winter friendly. Stage One

Individual Blocks with large open spaces Direct Heat Gain, inefficient massing

Stage Two

Consolidation of Blocks to reduce direct heat gain Very high western sun exposure

Stage Three

Spanning two blocks to shade the open space

Stage Four

Increasing heights to shade spaces and block direct SW and NW heat gain.

Stage Five

Spanning the middle block and Varying heights of the southern and western blocks to establish mutual shading between spaces.

Stage Six

Shaded summer spaces achieved, carving out voids from the form as winter spaces for the senior living community. Utilisation of South facing terraces for Solar Power

TECHNOLOGY: SUSTAINABILITY Solar Heat Gain and Facade Treatment Fenestrations have been designed with considerations of the orientation and sun path to maximise daylight and minimize heat gain. • • •

South West and North West Facade- Staggering of form to allow for mutual shading, minimal openings and use of concrete frames to shade openings North East and South East Facade- Larger openings with projections to cut off direct light. Internal Forms- Extensive use of glass due to mutual shading as a result of massing

North east facing windows- Optimal Window to wall ratio 35 %. All windows are openable.

Inner shaded courts with full height fenestrations

Play of volumes on the western facade with smaller openings to allow for mutual shading

South and West facing corridors with Jaali panels and planters for natural cooling

Framing Spaces with varying depths of the frame to cut off direct sunlight.

Planning water bodies to create a micro climate.

299

TECHNOLOGY: SUSTAINABILITY HVAC System VRF HVAC systems can be air-cooled and refrigerant-based, using outdoor condenser units and indoor fan coil units. The VRF HVAC system has several smaller air handlers that can be individually controlled and piped back to one system. The term variable refrigerant flow, or VRF, refers to the system’s ability to control the amount of refrigerant flowing to each of these small air handlers. VRF HVAC technology is capable of providing not only cooling, but also heat, and even both simultaneously to different areas within the space. The use of multiple indoor units provides the ability to create zones that can be individually controlled. Since the project includes smaller modules of rentable spaces, hence the VRF System works most efficiently.

Application in Design

S7 S6

Dedicated service zones with outdoor units placed

Advantages • • • • •

Heat Outdoor Unit Three Pipe

Application in Unit Design

EnergyEfficient Quiet Operation Flexible, can heat and cool simultaneously Modular units both indoor and outdoor provide flexibility for future expansion Occupant comfort is high as the system relies on inividual zone control

Refrigerant Indoor Units

Refrigerant Piping Communication wiring Location of Indoor Unit

Location of Indoor Unit and Piping system in a typical Unit Design

TECHNOLOGY: SUSTAINABILITY Electricity Consumption for the Project Facility

Area (in sq m)

Operating Hours

Lighting Load

Equipment Load

Total Load (w)

Total Electricity wh

Residential Lobby & Admin Residential Units Dining Hall Clubhouse Nutritional Centre Multi-purpose Hall Rooftop lounge

590 10140 650 740 200 450 80

24 24 8 12 12 12 12

9.1 12 14.1 11.5 9.7 14 14.1

2 8 2 10 2 2 2

11.1 20 16.1 21.5 11.7 16 16.1

157176 4867200 83720 190920 28080 86400 15456

1800 1200 640 150

12 12 10 14

15.1 13.7 14 18.3

10 2 2 2

25.1 15.7 16 20.3

542160 226080 102400 42630

2000 1630 300 735 1600

12 12 12 12 14

10 10 18.3 13.7 14.1

10 10 2 2 2

20 20 20.3 15.7 16.1

480000 391200 73080 138474 360640 7942792 7942 Kwh

Community Innovation Hub Study Rooms Community Hall Informal Market Place Commercial Spaces Co working space Office space Retail Polyclinic Hospitality

System Reduction

Increased Efficiency

Recovery

Renewable Energy

• •

•

Sensor lighting systems Occupancy Based control Optimal HVAC System

• •

•

• •

Optimising openings Maximising natural light and ventilation in space.

Green roof technology Heat reflective finishes

Solar Power Generation

301

Solar Power Generation Type- Monocrystalline Solar Panels • • • • Working Mechanism- Grid connected system

Design Integration Available Roof area- 6012 sqm

Schematic 3D showing location of Solar Panels

Basic Calculations Estimated Total roof area= 10796 sq m Tentative Roof area for solar panels= 10796 sq m- 80 qm- 2699 sqm ( 1/4 th for green roof)= 8017 sq m Removing 20% for services and circulation= 6012 sq m Thumb Rule: 1 sq m of Solar panel produces 0.75kwh per day with 5 hours of sunlight. Efficiency= 0.18 Electricity generation per month= 6012x 0.75 x 0.18x 30= 24,351 kwh per month.

Moncrystalline Panels installed facing true South for maximum efficiency

TECHNOLOGY: SUSTAINABILITY Water Calculation and Conservation SLUDGE DISPOSED SERVICES WASTE WATER (GREY WATER)

MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

WATER CLOSET (BLACK WATER) LANDSCAPE

RAINWATER HARVESTING BIO- SWALES

ROOFTOP RAINWATER RAINWATER SURFACE WATER

Facility

Area

O.Factor

Occupants

Domestic Water Demand/ person (A)

Flushing Water Demand/ person (B)

Total Domestic Water Demand

UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK RECHARGE GROUND WATER

Total Flushing Water Demand

Water Demand/ person (A)+(B)

Total Water Demand/ day ( Litres/ day)

Underground Overhead Tank Tank capacity (cu. capacity (cu.m) m)

Residential Lobby & Admin Residential Units Dining Hall Clubhouse Nutritional Centre Multi-purpose Hall Rooftop lounge

590 12.5 10140 Based on unit no. 650 1.8 740 2 200 12.5 450 1.4 80 1.8

48 280 280 370 16 280 45

25 90 5 25 10 5 55

20 45 10 20 5 10 15

1200 25200 1400 9250 160 1400 2475

960 12600 2800 7400 80 2800 675

45 135 15 45 15 15 70

2160 37800 4200 16650 240 4200 3150

712.8 12474 1386 5494.5 79.2 1386 1039.5

1425.6 24948 2772 10989 158.4 2772 2079

Community Innovation Hub Study Rooms Community Hall Informal Market Place

1800 1200 640 150

4 4 1.4 3

450 300 385 50

25 25 5 5

20 20 10 10

11250 7500 1925 250

9000 6000 3850 500

45 45 15 15

20250 13500 5775 750

6682.5 4455 1905.75 247.5

13365 8910 3811.5 495

2000 1630 300 735 1600

10 10 3 10 1.8

200 163 100 74 880

25 25 5 10 55

20 20 10 5 15

5000 4075 500 740 48400

4000 3260 1000 370 13200

45 45 15 15 70

9000 7335 1500 1110 61600 189220

2970 2420.55 495 366.3 20328 62442.6

5940 4841.1 990 732.6 40656 124885.2

Commercial Spaces Co working space Office space Retail Polyclinic Hospitality Total

303

Sewage Treatment Plant Calculations Total water requirement = 124 KL Total domestic requirement = 56 kL Total flushing requirement = 68 kL Size of STP = 75% of domestic usage + 100% of flushing usage = 110 kL Thus required size of STP = 130 Cu.m Using Thumb rule, that area required for the plant is roughly 60% of the capacity Area Required for the treatment is = 80 sq m The sewage generated during the operation phase will be treated upto the tertiary level in STP. The treated water will be reused for toilet flushing, landscaping etc in the project.

Design Integration

TECHNOLOGY: SUSTAINABILITY Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a simple technique by which rainfall is collected for future usage. The collecxted rainwater is stored, utilized in dissimilar ways or directly used for recharge purposes. With depleting groundwater levels & fluctuating climate conditions.

System- Wet type rainwater harvesting system Wet systems work by first collecting water off the roof into gutters. Water is then fed into airtight downpipes that meet underground and flow into one large pipe. This pipe continues underground until it reaches a ‘riser pipe’ where water pressure forces water up the pipe from below, until it’s high enough to feed a storage tank.

Advantages •

Tanks can be located anywhere on the site , even underground and in basements as long the level of the tank is below the level of the roof.

•

Hence, suitable for a mixed use typology

Water Harvesting Calculations Peak Rainfall in Delhi is 60mm per day Location in the Basement

Total Site area= 36,355.8 sq m Estimated roof area= 8906.8 sq m Run-off coefficient (IGBC) A. Hard Paved= 0.95 B. Soft Ground= 0.6

Assuming entire roof area is paved (for now) Rain Water storage tank capacity designed to store water from 5 days of continous rain as per peak one day rainfall= 0.95 x 8906.8 x .06 x 5= 3076.86 cubic metre = 307680 L, 3076.86 KL Tank Requirement 3 tanks of 800KL each of dimensions 10m x10m x 8m 1 tank of 676KL of dimension 8m x 7m x 4m

Design Integration

Plantation type

Design Integration

Location of Underground Tank in Basement

Storm Water Management Bioswales are channels designed to concentrate and convey stormwater runoff while removing debris and pollution. Bioswales can also be beneficial in recharging groundwater.

3D View showing Location along Parking zones

305

TECHNOLOGY: SUSTAINABILITY Green Roof and Xeriscaping A green roof is a layer of vegetation planted over a waterproofing system that is installed on top of a flat or slightly–sloped roof. Green roofs are also known as vegetative or eco–roofs. They fall into three main categories—extensive, intensive, and semi–intensive.

Native Trees and Planters In some areas, terms such as water-conserving landscapes, drought-tolerant landscaping, or smart scaping are used instead. The use of plants whose natural requirements are appropriate to the local climate are emphasized, and care is taken to avoid losing water to evaporation and run-off. Reference of Pradip Krishan s book on effective landsca design for selection of Plant species.

Why it works? Advantages • • • • •

Aesthetics Temperature Regulation Air quality Rainwater retention Sound insulation

Disadvantage • •

Load factor Cost of construction

Neem

Amaltas

Other Benefits Shade Givers

Tolerance to Dust and Smoke

Noise Reduction

Pteropsperum acerifolium, Albizzia lebbek, Pelptophorum

Acacia auriculiformis, Alstonia soholaris, Butea monosperma, Ficus Benjamina, F.

Terminalia Arjuna, Alstonia scholaris, Azadirachta Indica, Butea Monosperma, Mangifer

Design Integration

4 1 2

Area available-4780 sqm 3D View showing location of Green Roofs

TECHNOLOGY: water saving analysis

Residential Component

Student Centre

Strategies

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

HMW01 Low-Flow Showerheads - 8 L/min HMW02 Low-Flow Faucets for Kitchen Sinks - 6 L/min HMW05 Single Flush for Water Closets - 6 L/flush HMW06 Rainwater Harvesting System - 35% of Roof Area Used for Rainwater Collection 5. HMW07 Recycled Grey Water for Flushing

EDW01 Low-Flow Showerheads - 8 L/min EDW02 Low-Flow Faucets in All Other Bathrooms - 2 L/min EDW04 Water-Efficient Urinals in All Other Bathrooms - 2 L/flush EDW07 Rainwater Harvesting System - 20% of Roof Area EDW08 Water-Efficient Landscaping - 4 L/sqm/day EDW10 Grey Water Treatment and Recycling System

307

TECHNOLOGY: STRUCTURAL SYSTEM The UnitPRODUCED designs have been the major drivers for determining the structural grid. BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2 A

1600

B PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Primary Beam

Primary Beam Secondary Beam

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Secondary Beam

3500

8000

2000

Cantilever

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

5000 3000

Secondary Beam

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Location of Waffle Slab & Use of Transfer Girder

• •

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

•

3500

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

4000

6500

2000

Cantilever

3500

8000

4000

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

2100

3500

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Grid size : 8m x 7.5m, varies in spaces which don’t have residential spanning above Column size : 600mm x 400mm Beam size : 700mm x 400mm

RCC Framed Structure

Schematic

• • • • •

Span: 25 m Column Size : 1000 mm x 800 mm Column Grid : 15m x 8m Beam Depth : 1000 mm Waffle Depth : 800mm Waffle

Slab Structure

TECHNOLOGY: STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Two Structural Systems have been used to allow stacking of different typologies of spaces. Frames as elevational features have been designed keeping in mind the structura considerations. Built in planters have been integrated within the frames 15mm drop for easy wheelchair movement PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 20 thk Stone 20mm thk Cement Mortar 75mm thk P.C.C laid to slope Waterproofing as/specs 150 thk RCC Slab

UNIT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

UNIT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

OFFICE

C Key Section

20th Matt Finish Vitrified Tiles 20thk Mortar

VRF System Ducting PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 40mm thk False Ceiling of Gypsum Tiles

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

10thk Broken Glazed Tile- China Mosaic 20thk Cement Mortar Bed (1:4) 100thk PCC Laid to Slope (1:100) 75thk EPS Panels Insulation Waterproofing EPDM Membrane 200 thk RCC Slab

600x100x200mm thk AAC Block Wall 50mm thk Rockwool Insulation 20mm thk Smog Absorbant Paint finish

25 thk double glass unit (10+5+10) 200mm thk Drop 20 thk Floor finish (Vitrified tiles matt finish) 20 thk mortar Waffle Slab, 750mm thk c/c

200 x 100 Aluminium patented section

RCC Beam (800x 1000mm)

DETAIL AT A PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Planting Earth

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Green Area

DETAIL AT B

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

100 mm thk Sand filling Drainboard with Geo Fabric Layer Screed to maintain slope Waterproofing membrane PCC Filling

DETAIL AT C PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

309

TECHNOLOGY: Services Location of Services in the Basement

Location of Lifts, Escalators and Toilets

16 9 11 8 7 15 14 13

10 12

Lifts& Staircase

Escalator

Toilets

10 10

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Toilet Layouts

Electrical

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Warning Blocks

Storage/Pantry

For office areas and other public zones

Emergency Phone

Towel Rail Wheelchair turning Space Dia 1500mm

Grab Bar

Alarm Pull Chord

Foldable Grab Bar

For a Typical Residential Unit

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Warning Blocks

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

4 1 2 2 2

TECHNOLOGY: Services Plumbing and Electrical Distribution within a typical unit plan.

Plumbing Layout

Electrical Distribution

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION FD-Floor Drain ST- S Trap WP- Waste water pipe SP- Soil Pipe WS- Water Supply Pipe

BALCONY (3800X2000MM)

BEDROOM (3300X5700MM)

BALCONY (3400X1500MM)

LIVING CUM DINING (3800X7800MM)

KITCHEN (3300X2800MM) WASHROOM (3300X1900MM)

DISTRIBUTION BOARD LOCATION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Two separate waste water shafts to segregate kitchen and toilet waste water, as kitchen waste water contains, oils and other substances which might be diffficult to treat, hence the toilet waste water is taken to the filteration tanks in the basement and then treated and reused for flushing.

One main meter room near the entrance gate

Individual electrical rooms on each floor with meters to monitor zone wise reading

Distribution board within each unit

311

TECHNOLOGY: LIFE AND FIRE SAFETY Security through Built Environment Design Spaces and functions have been intermixed in a way such that there is a constant “Eyes on Street” in all the Public zones allowing for Natural Surveillance through design, which forms the basis of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.

Security Points and Cores Design Integration

Integrated Building Management System

Security Points on Site Public core with card technology to access upper floors

Cores with RFID access Cores dedicated for Senior living

Location of Main Building Management monitoring room in the Basement and fire escapes

3D View showing Boundary wall sloping down

Fire Tender Movement

3D View showing Secuity point at upper level

All fire staircases open in outdoor spaces. Boundary wall to ensure security. Wall bends down at the public areas, to allow free access with security points at upper level.

VIEW

View of the Generation Hub 313

VIEW

RE-IMAGINING A HEALTHY, HAPPY AND COMMUNITY AGEING!

JURY COMMENTS

“I am really surprised by the detail and amount of work you have completed. I have taken a couple of juries before, but noone seemed to design and detail out to an extent that you did. I am really impressed by the maturity in your design thinking and translation. You’ve succeeded in your task of re-imagining ageing by designing this mixed use hub. You’ve detailed out everything to such an extent, i think you should have even designed the curtain and furniture as well!! If i were to suggest one thing that you could work upon, it would be the built expression. Your design reflects a lot of humility with multiple transitions and experiences that have been designed, however there is scope for a ‘wow’ element in built expression that could further enhance the user experience. But i won’t let this point overshadow the amount and level of work you have done, it is a very well designed and detailed out thesis! You made my day with this work!”

315

BIBLIOGRAPHY •

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Are older people a national resource? Here is what needs to be celebrated, 2017. . Financ. Express. URL https://www.financialexpress.com/ opinion/are-older-people-a-national-resource-here-is-what-needs-to-be-celebrated/881363/ (accessed 3.10.21).

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Bardhan, A., Bandyopadhyay, S., Mandal, K.S., n.d. Redefining the role of elderly as facilitator to educate young generation through Infor mation and Communication Technology 9.by, 2019.

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Community Care Services for the Elderly | Interim HealthCare [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.interimhealthcare.com/educa tion-center/consumer-health-care-education/different-types-of-elder-care-communities/ (accessed 1.23.21).

•

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Designing biophilia in senior living communities, 2018. . Colo. Real Estate J. URL https://crej.com/news/designing-biophilia-in-senior-liv ing-communites/ (accessed 1.22.21).

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DeMello, K.K., 2016. HEALING THROUGH DESIGN: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DESIGN ON THE ELDERLY.

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Dovey, K., Wood, S., n.d. PUBLIC/PRIVATE INTERFACES IN THE INNER CITY 13.

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Elderly in India [WWW Document], n.d. . Drishti IAS. URL https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/Paper2/elderly-in-india (accessed 1.23.21).

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Forget Old-Age Homes, How India’s Senior Citizens Are Giving Life A Golden Lining, n.d. . Columbia Pac. Communities. URL https://www. columbiacommunities.in/news/forget-old-age-homes-how-indias-senior-citizens-are-giving-life-a-golden-lining/ (accessed 1.24.21).

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Old Age Homes VS Retirement Village VS Retirement Homes [WWW Document]. Ashiana. URL https://www.ashianahousing.com/real-es tate-blog/old-age-homes-vs-retirement-village-vs-retirement-homes-in-india-and-senior-living (accessed 1.23.21).

•

Aly, S.S.A., El-Ela, M.A., Elfiki, S., 2018. The impact of urban boundaries in public spaces upon user’s perception of safety, with reference to Cairo, Egypt. 9, 7.

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Bhaskaran, D., 2018. Retirement homes in new avatar: Are they still a taboo or thriving as independent societies? [WWW Document]. mint. URL https://www.livemint.com/Money/WCBnG0J3F98p1NlKV367tI/Retirement-homes-in-new-avatar-Are-they-still-a-taboo-or-th.html (accessed 3.10.21).

•

Menezes, S., Thomas, T., 2018. Status of the Elderly and Emergence of Old Age Homes in India. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manag. 5, 1. https://doi. org/10.3126/ijssm.v5i1.18972

•

RFID and NFC Door Access Control Systems | Kisi [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.getkisi.com/guides/rfid-access-control (ac cessed 2.11.21).

•

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What Is and Is Not Biophilic Design? [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.metropolismag.com/architecture/what-is-and-is-not-bio philic-design/ (accessed 1.25.21).

•

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Re-Imagining Ageing

Articles inside

Observation and Aspirations

Integrated reading of all the components;