Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Importance of urban development Urban area is more vibrant in terms of activities. Because of urbanisation, cities having high population densities, there is busy life, heavy traffic movement on roads, polluted environment, people having packed schedule. To minimise the stress full life of city dwellers, it is necessary to have urban development in context with designs and physical infrastructure developments in Jadibuti to sustain itself in terms of node and towns. Residential areas & the commercial centres are the primary focus of urban development. Urban development occurs by expansion into unpopulated areas and/or the renovation of decaying regions. Urban Development helps cities create sustainable mechanisms for future growth. Urban development in Jadibuti is the most necessary things now. Communication and social interaction among large numbers of people occur in development area. Their main role is being loci of socialization in the city and also they are the stages where alternative cultures perform in the public realm of the city. They are dynamic urban spaces which are always subjected to transformations of the city and its inhabitants. Space created for use where people can enter for individual or public interests without social discrimination. If well organised, it will help to enhance cohesion of community life, positively change the public behaviour, and increase the community awareness, promote individual identity and have a certain degree of local cultural meanings. Urban development is often deemed a practice of expansion when cities spread into new areas. However, within a city itself, urban development takes on a different meaning. When compared with Jadibuti node, urban communities can appear to be the most developed in terms of commercial and business developments, open spaces, accessibility, city image and faster access to the latest technology.
1.2 Introduction of Jadibuti Node
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Jadibuti Node 1) About the Jadibuti History tells that the Koteswor,Narephante, old Thimi gave their contribution in the growth of the town Jadibuti. It belongs to the ward-35, of Kathmandu district, with population of 7600 as per the census-2013. It is also connected to the different road which links to Narephante,Pepsicola, Bhaktapur and to the Capital city. Jadibuti town is famous for small industries like Slate dipo and wooden products, Pushpanjali hall, and mainly by Jadibuti herbal complex, which is the National herbal production centre. 2) Location of Jadibuti E Th
v o f om h
mean sea level is 4268 ft and the eye altitude is 9066 ft.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
JADIBUTI AREA (study area) Figure: Location Map of Jadibuti node 3) Historical Background The rapid change in Kathmandu valley can be seen by comparing the sattelite images of the valley taken at different time. The sattelite images of 1967, 1979, 1992, 2001 and 2012 are taken to study the change in landuse pattern of the site area Manhara, Jadibuti. The history itself shows there is a gradual change from 1967 till today. Sattelite image 1967 shows that the Manhara river is flowing from Northeast to Southwest. The both sides of the Manhara river is surrounded by a green belt and only few land are used as a houses. There is no provision of any bridges or road networks in the Manhara, Jadibuti area. No permanent structures and built forms available. Only agriculture land is available. Only few foot trails are found on that time. The route was from old Thimi.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Corona Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1967(Source: Genesis Consultancy) Sattelite image 1979 show changes in landuse pattern near Manhara river, and the road network was developed which was linked from Koteswor to Bhaktapur of 2 lane; similarly the road was found to be interconnected to the old Thimi. Built form was fairly developed with the establishment of Puspanjali hall and establishment of airport as a greatest achievement. Surrounding ring road was constructed.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1979(Source: Mohan Moorti Pant, Khwopa Engineering College)
Sattelite image 1992 shows, there are variation on landuse pattern near Jadibuti area. Increase in built form like Jadibuti complex. Buildings & streets are the most visual features found on this location.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1992 (Source: Genesis Consultancy)
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node Sattelite image 2001 shows Pushpanjali hall, Jadibuti herb complex was found in that area. The settlement pattern was changed into cluster settlement on the way to Pepsicola chowk. Children Park was found behind the existing fuel station. New settlement found near Narephat. Many agriculturable land was converted into building plots.
Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 2001(Source: Genesis Consultancy)
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node Sattelite image 2013 shows that there is a rapid changes from 2001, which has destroyed most part of the agriculturable land into plots and many plots were converted into buildings, residence and market at Jadibuti and near Manhara river. At the period of 11 years, the land was completely changed, landpooling project was found to be active towards southern part in Manhara, Jadibuti area from 2003. Squatter settlement was found at 2007 at the bank of Manhara river, Jadibuti. The land structure is changed into compact form and mostly green area was changed into plots. The road network which is of 2 lane is started to convert into 6 lane highway from Nov, 2008 and end at April 2010. Slate dipo was found at both the sides of bridge and few near to Jadibuti chowk. Jadibuti is becoming a urban node for development and a access for transportation from intersection of roads which is interconnected to old Thimi through Araniko Highway. The green environment is degrading due to increase in buildings and its surrounding.
Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 2013 (Source: Genesis Consultancy)
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
1.3 Manhara River of Jadibuti
Figure: Manhara river of Jadibuti 1.4 Growth of the Jadibuti area The growth of the town Jadibuti during 1967 A.D is of dispersed settlement. After 1979 A.D, the growth started along the Pepsicola and Lokanthali, which give the birth to the Jadibuti area when there was found to be Jadibuti herbal centre. The Kathmandu city grew further and the town Jadibuti emerged. As the city grew, and when there is a provision of accessibility, the Jadibuti town is formed and extended into cluster settlements. Because of better accesibilty after 2007, a 4 lane highway with 22 metre width bridge, the system of road is changed and from 2 lane converted into 4 lane road system. It belongs to the ward-35, of Kathmandu district, with population of 7600 as per the census-2013. (CBS,2013). It is well connected by Araniko highway of four lane.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node Jadibuti is the main node to enter old Thimi from Pepsicola and enter different districts. Chapter 2. Research Background 2.1 Need of the Research I. Lack of Recreational area As per the size of the city, it comes under the category ward-35, Kathmandu district. But from the municipal boundaries, there is a lack of proper physical infrastructures and open spaces in the Jadibuti town; only 0.001% of the total area was shown for recreational purpose since no land was selected for recreational area by the governments and the developers.(source: Manhara land pooling office,Teku) Though there are land available, but due to poor concentration by the local community in development process, the squatter and slums had captured and settled in the form of residence in the selected site area of the Jadibuti town. Hence to overcome the shortage of open spaces, commercial centres, it is identified that the city is having potential for development of recreational space with commercial centres with basic services & facilities in terms of the area to build the structures near waterfront and sustain for the future. The Manhara river shows great potential development like other waterfront in Valley, which has exemplifies by the terms of development in the cities.
2.2 Development potential of the Jadibuti Node Jadibuti is bounded by Manhara river in the Eastern side though flowing from Northern side to Southern side. Due to the barriers from slums and squatters in the selected site area for, it posses a great potential development. Even though the Kathmandu valley is growing rapidly and its accessibilty from the road network is proper in terms of development process. The Manhara river can contribute in the growth of the Jadibuti towns after giving some following consideration. i.
Strength: Good road network/ and a Araniko Highway
Gate way to enter different districts via Tinkune-Suryabinayak 6 lane highway
Manhara river
Present of open land near riverside and land pooling area
Strategic locations of prominent views ie. Visual spatial image
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node ii.
iii.
iv.
Weakness: Lack of pedestrian & foothpath
Lack of provision like physical infrastructure planning
Lack of commercial centres, business & facilities like parks, greenary preservations, and open spaces
Encroached by slums and squatters in nearby land of Mahara river
Encroached by slums people to do business like slate and dumping material
Lack of new designs and developments
Opportunity: Commercially potential zone
Presence of large vacant spaces and open area
Potential of development of landmark
Can be developed as to form a city image by developing new technology designs to sustained the Jadibuti node
Riverfront development along Manhara river
Strategic views of Jadibuti will be retained/protect
Natural riverfront conservation with green belts
Threats: River pollution/ sewage disposal
Lack of urban design guidelines to manage and regulate urban growth in the study area
Limited scope of prevailing bylaws to address improving these strategic location
Slums and squatter settlement creating unpleasant scenario in the study area
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node 
Lack of awareness and physical matters, destroyed the natural green belts and converted into concrete jungles
2.3 Issues & Problems
Figure: Dumping site store
Figure: Direct dumping in the land
Figure: Direct discharge of city sewage
Figure: Shops like Slate dipo
Figure: Squatter settlement (encroached)
Figure: Direct dumping of the solid waste
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Manhara river with un-managed gabion creating flood prone zone in locality
Chapter 3: Aim, Objective and Methodology 3.1 Aim Enhance the share of urban spaces by effective utilization of available land along the River by restoring the natural waterfront: Jadibuti 3.2 Objective 1. Identification of the potential development in the Jadibuti. 2. Creation of usable open space for recreational purpose and commercial centres. 3. Identify the suitable recreational facilities & commercial centres to be proposed on the study area 3.3 Methodology Jadibuti as the case area has been selected because there is a Manhara river which influences of waterfront development pattern. After that selection of stretch has been done based upon the width, location, surrounding activities etc., with the aim of area was delineated to carry out the study, in data collection there has primary survey and secondary data collection has been done. After that in analysis mapping, identification of issues and problems, area analysis, surrounding Landuse analysis has been done. In next stage after identification of strategies proposal has been given. The Proposal consists for the development of land along the riverfront and the potential identification for different activities. Main idea behind the proposal is to provide vibrant recreational activities & commercial centres to the city people. Mainly proposal based for pedestrian and ecofriendly use of activities. Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node FIGURE: METHODOLOGY DIAGRAM Basis: Location, Width, Depth, Surrounding Landuse,
Selection of Case Area
Identification of potential land
Delineation of river Fronts (Land available in between river and adjacent road)
Aim & Objectives
Mapping: Landuse detail, Area analysis, Ownership & Encroachments details
Selection of Stretch
Identification of suitable activities for developed land
Data Collection
Primary and secondary data survey(landuse, data collection); Manhara landpooling; ward office
Identification of Issues & Problems
Under utilization of land, Waste disposal, Encroachments, Health issues etc.
Creation of usable Recreational space
Analysis
Proposals Construction of retaining wall
Recreational areas
Pedestrian lane
Land filling
Parks, gardens
Foothpath, Jogging
Navigation
Revenue generation activities
Commercial shops, restaurants & bar
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node Chapter 4: Literature Study 4.1 Thapathali waterfront development pattern( A case study)
Figure: location map of Thapathali This place is situated in Bagmati, Central,
Nepal;
its
geographical
coordinates are 27째 43' 0" North, 85째 19' 0" East. Thapathali links the business of Lalitpur
and
Kathmandu.
The
connectivity at the Thapathali crossing guarantees an easy reach all across the central business district whether it be new road, Singha durbar or Jawlakhel.
Figure: Junction of Thapathali
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: surrounding and zoning in the junction The surrounding area of the Junction is a mixed use communities with commercial centres with basic services and facilities. Those are the commercial areas mostly known as common business districts; the area is used by slums and squatters and the area is divided into different landuse form as there is a religious place known as Kalomochan, cited in the above figure with hospital area and offices and super structures built in these area. This area is much developed in the case of waterfront development. The area covers the physical infrastructure development with sustainability future. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AT THAPATHALI In 1967 AD, there was wide Bagmati River with narrow bridge. Less built form was seen along the river.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Satellite Image of Thapathali, 1967AD (Source: Genesis Consultancy)
In 1992 AD, there found wide Bagmati River with narrow bridge. Gradually built form was increasing than the earlier one. Thapathali college was established 1972 AD by German contribution.
Figure: Satellite Image of Thapathali, 1992AD (Source: Genesis Consultancy)
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
In 2001 AD, the Bagmati River change towards narrow form. Dense built forms seen along the river line. A new bridge is added along the old bridge (1993/1994).
Figure: Satellite Image of Thapathali, 2001AD (Source: Genesis Consultancy)
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
In 2012 AD, Wide River changes into narrow form. A new bridge is added along the old bridge (1993/1994). Dense built forms, squatter settlement and road found along the river.
Figure: Satellite Image of Thapathali, 2012AD (Source: Genesis Consultancy)
4.2 Kuching waterfront, Sarawak, Malaysia Kuching's waterfront is a significant commercial area where trading activities concentrated along Main Bazaar and Gambier Street areas on the south bank, with the Astana and Malay villages around it on the north bank of Sarawak River. This project studies the landscape redevelopment of the riverside marketplace to revitalize the environment for commercial, recreation and tourism benefits. The marketplace serves as public realm that displays local characters and helps to promote the place to outsider. However, the issue of duplication and homogenization of waterfronts have result the development do not fits well into the city and
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node meets the needs of the people. Moreover, the market place faces traffic congestion, poor facilities and illegal structure construction, which disturbs the visual quality of the place. The main objective of this redevelopment proposal is to strengthen the commercial and recreational activities which reflects character, social, culture and identity of the place. The design considers visual character and quality of the place as a riverside marketplace. Social and cultural events and festivals as well as history and architecture of the place are the important aspects of the design.
The design concept is festive market which represents the positive cultural traits, trading activities for seasonal and diurnal times displaying a variety of daily and local products in the colonial buildings, Chinese shop houses and also the new amenities provided. The master plan comprises of three zones including transition area, dry market and wet market that reflects different characters and functions in each location. The design applies a metaphor of ripple originating at a square (Teluk Sampan) and the development spreads to east and west in Dayak art motives. The wet market is comprised of meat and vegetable markets and a traditional market.
At the traditional market the spatial arrangement is derived from longhouse architecture where the apartment and loft stand for the market historic building, the gallery (Ruai) and (Barok) stand for the semi open market stores, and the deck (Tanju) stand for the open spaces towards the river. In addition, the extension bridges enclosed the jetty that served as viewing platform and linkage to the promenade.
Finally, the lookout tower as a focal point at (Teluk Sampan) allowed viewing vistas to all over the waterfront compound. This project will revitalize the waterfront, enhance the quality of life and meet the demand of healthy environment for public involvement.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Source: http://fabserver.utm.my
4.3 Conclusion After the study of all above case areas, it is clear that water bodies can be used for social purpose, along the Jadibuti, Manhara River vibrant activities can be developed for public and commercial use, which includes waterfront parks, pedestrian lane, markets, some activities for the revenue generation, etc. Development of land along the Manhara River will helpful in social integration, cultural development, & can change the character of the city.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node Chapter 5: Identification of the Potential Land 5.1 Surrounding Landuse detail along the Manhara river One town and two town area is known as major retail commercial zone in the city. Jadibuti is known from the Jadibuti herbal complex situated at the nodal point as T junction, commonly said as Jadibuti town. Jadibuti is also famous for Slate dipo and stone products. The main common reason to identify the Jadibuti towns is its surrounding landuse. Residential Landuse is dominant in the other parts of the city. Waterfront are the backbone for the growth of the city. Among all three cities, Manhara River is passing through the core area of the city with major Landuse of commercial and Residential. Maximum lands abutting river is either occupied by slums or used as dumping place in Jadibuti, Manhara area. Few plots are developed as lanpooling which is not properly maintained. Targeted blight removal and beautification of the areas surrounding the waterfront may become necessary so as to create a more receptive context for new investment.The landuse around the Jadibuti is found to be mostly the retail shops with groceries and shutters to do business. There is found to be a water purifying office located at 400 m from the Jadibuti chowk towards Lokanthali; and similarly there is the automobile maintainence and repairing centre with wooden furniture and some few local lodge found nearby Puspanjali hall. The landuse pattern seems few commercial centres only with residential developments as a case of urban sprawl.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Pepsicola
Koteswor
Jadibuti Urban node
Bhaktapur Figure: Street network
5.2 Reason behind the selection of Jadibuti Among all three cities, Manhara River has been selected for the development of available land and the private lands by landpooling abutting the river. 1. There is possibilities, that the selected site Jadibuti will be developed in the sense of basic services, amenities and facilities, physical infrastructure and other provision as like the Thapathali area which has developed and became a Common business districts for business and development. 2. This river transverse the selected site area Jadibuti and the city. 3. Maximum activity can be concentrated along the Manhara river due to Araniko highway and accessible of proper roads from different districts. 4. Available land along the Manhara river accessible by roads. 5. Jadibuti node will be successful in comparison to Thapathali case. There are many such possibilities to grow, develop and design the Jadibuti area for its sustainability like Thapathali, but few things should be taken into consideration like urban districts, local infrastructure planning, preservation of greenary belts and river conservation and new designs. 6. Land reclaimed by riverfront development will largely be allocated for free and open public use; more than 25% of riverfront land will become public infrastructure, recreational parks, sports facilities, and vast new gardens.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node 7. The Manhara Riverfront will enhance the distinctive character of Jadibuti towns, significantly improving the quality of life for residents and enhancing Jadibuti value as a destination for institutions, investment, education opportunities, and tourism; and from the conservation and preservation point of view. 8. This designstudio studies the landscape redevelopment of the riverside marketplace to revitalize the environment for commercial, recreation and tourism benefits. 9. The place serves as public realm that displays local characters and helps to promote the place to outsider
Components of a waterfront: The key components considered for waterfront development are set out below:
Recreational amenities / Entertainment Park area Commercial complex Landscaping Hardscaping Paths Seating facilities Pergolas and shelters River conservation
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Animated photo image to show the development will be the same along Manhara river.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Canary Wharf, London- Waterfront development pattern
Figure: Kongens Nytorv Square serving as the gateway to Nyhavn, Copenhagen's top waterfront.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
5.3 Delineation of the Study area For the development of land abutting Manhara River, different land use has been identified i.e. vacant land, encroached land and developed land along the river. Most important things have been found that all lands are available either in between the river and adjacent road or in between river and pure residential area. As per the existing land use along the river, area has been delineated for study purpose according to the following considerations: 1. Land which comes in between existing roads (running parallel to the river) 2. At some locations plot boundary of residential plots has been considered for delineation. (the action of indicating the exact position of a border or boundary) A. Existing area classification under the Delineated area Under the delineated area there are four types of land use i.e. land for circulation, vacant land is used for dumping, encroached land under slum and developed area through land pooling. In area calculation circulation area has not considered. There would not be any intervention in circulation area. OBSERVATIONS Municipal is not showing interest in waste management due to which Manhara river became a waste dumping site. 20% of the land along the river is occupied by slum people. Developed lands by land pooling are not well maintained. Manhara river is accessible through roads. Residential activities are dominant along the river. Due to the lack of proper management, river became the breeding place of Mosquitoes & flies due to stagnated waste water during the off season (April to July). POTENTIAL Since this river passes through the city with major Commercial & Residential zones, riverfront can be developed for Recreational purpose, so that people can spend some leisure period. Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node Riverfront are encroached by slum settlements, after rehabilitation of slums, river berms can be developed for recreation purpose. Since river is passes through the area with dominant Landuse & high density, there is more chance of getting users. Minimum & Maximum width of the river is varying from 40 M to 60 M, so after stream line the water course by construction of retaining wall, reclaimed land can be generated for the further development. Due to the dominancy of Residential Landuse, average land value along the river varies from Rs. 15 lakh per Aana to 24 lakh per Aana. Rise in price of land in jadibuti landpooling area( In 2001, the land price of front location is Rs. 5,00,000 per Aana and backside location was Rs. 3,00,000 per Aana, but in today’s context, after landpooling the price of land is increased and near highway, the price of land is Rs. 15,00,000 per Aana and the back side plot rate is Rs. 8,00,000 per Aana.
B. Existing Slum Settlement within the Delineated area Manhara river, Jadibuti is easily accessible; passes through the residential zone and availability of land. These factors are responsible for the generation of livelihood to the poor people. Because of these factors poor people have been encroached the land abutting river. There are around 900 poor people living in ~0.5Ha of land along the river. This settlement has been seen all along the river from North to South sides. The existing slum settlement has opened slate dipo as well as the dumping material store nearby the Manhara river. C. Traffic flow Analysis along Jadibuti area Traffic flow analysis is most necessary to calculate the flow in the peak hour as well as day hour to understand and predict how much people travel from this highway to reach their destinations and the most important thing is to know how much the busiest road is- in the sense to know the accessibility and potentiality of these Jadibuti area. By traffic flow analysis, we can design the waterfront development pattern in Jadibuti area by making a provision of the basic services and facilities with the help of designs to preserve the city image of Jadibuti as well as these trafic data will help us to know the actual information about flow of automobiles per day, which will be the helpful data for designing process. Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node (Source: According to the Traffic police, Koteswor, the per day flow of vehicles from different districts within the route of Bhaktapur, Pepsicola, old Thimi meeting at Jadibuti and similarly from different districts entering from Kalangki to Koteswor to Bhaktapur and from Baneswor entering to Araniko highway through Jadibuti, found to be 50,000) Increasing number of private and public vehicles necessitate the construction of overhead crossing and also available of Jadibuti chowk. Morning flow: 10 -10:30 am Vehicles moving from Koteshwor to Bhaktapur (145) is more than Bhaktapur to Koteshwor (94) in the morning Evening 5:00 – 5:30 pm Koteshwor to pepsicola(61) is less than Pepsicola to Koteshwor and Bhaktapur(67) From Bhaktapur to Koteshwor(63) is less than Koteshwor to Bhaktapur(116) From A to B B to A A to C B to C C to A & B Total
Two wheeler 86 51 39 23 47 246
Four wheeler 53 36 17 09 18 133
>four wheeler 6 7 5 1 2 21 (sum total:400) Table 1: Morning time: 10.00 am to 10.30 am (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur, and C- Pepsicola) Assuming No. of Automobiles (2W, 4W, >4W) be 500 as 100% (base index) at different interval of time, then at peak hour (morning), the flow of traffic is 80%, from the above data.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: route showing point of observation towards the destination Afternoon flow: 2:00-2:30 pm ď ś From Bhaktapur to Koteshwor(35) is less than Koteshwor to Bhaktapur(37) ď ś From Koteshwor to pepsicola (20) is less than pepsicola to Koteshwor and Bhaktapur (42). From A to B B to A A to C B to C C to A & B Total
Two wheeler 20 17 15 9 19 80
Four wheeler 12 15 13 11 16 67
>four wheeler 5 3 1 2 7 18 (sum total: 165)
Table 2: Afternoon time: 2.00 pm to 2.30 pm (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur, and C-Pepsicola) Assuming No. of Automobiles (2W, 4W, >4W) be 500 as 100% (base index) at different interval of time, then at afternoon, the flow of traffic is 33%, from the above data.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: route showing point of observation towards the destination Evening flow: 5:00 -5:30 pm From A to B B to A A to C B to C C to A & B Total
Two wheeler 83 46 39 14 16 198
Four wheeler 39 15 27 07 11 99
>four wheeler 7 2 3 1 3 16 (sum total: 313)
Table 3: Evening time: 5.00 pm to 5.30 pm (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur, and C-Pepsicola) Assuming No. of Automobiles (2W, 4W, >4W) be 500 as 100% (base index) at different interval of time, then at evening, the flow of traffic is 62.6%, from the above data.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: Traffic flowing from different routes
D. SERVICE RADIUS
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
SERVICE RADIUS
Figure: service radius
AREA AROUND BUS STOP COMMON BUS STOP
The picture shows that the public vehicles are easily from the sites. All of the four pockets have two bus stops at Jadibuti chowk and near fuel station. The bus stop at Jadibuti chowk requires 1 minute walking distance from the Puspanjali hall and aprroximately 10 minute from the Pepsicola chowk. The total area of the study area is 161678.66 sq. meters (317-12-3-1.82). Maximum 10 minutes require from the edge point of the site. It needs 2 min from the edge of site and 2 min from Dial Community to reach the bus stop near fuel station.
S.No Description
Year
Remarks
1
Jadibuti complex
1979-1992
1981/82
2
Puspanjali hall
1967-1979
1979
3
Park
1998-2001
4
Squatter settlement
2001-2012
2007 Figure: showing the road and footpath
5
Dial community
2007
6
Fuel station
1992-1998
7
Slate dipo
2001-2012
8
Dumping site
2001-2012
9
Manahara
2001-2012
1998
2003
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node land pooling 10
Ghat (ritual place)
11
Residence (dispersed) from 1967
12
Residence (cluster/compact)
2013
1979-2013
2013
Table 4: Services & facilities in the study area
1979
The people from the site of left region come to the Jadibuti chowk for public vehicles and remaining site to bus stop at fuel station. Both the bus stop remains common route connected by bridge.
Figure: Lack of footpath and divider in the road for safety
Figure: City image from different perspectives
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node Chapter 6: Analysis 6.1 Perspective behind the Proposal Within the study area there are only three types of Landuse (except road network) i.e. vacant land, encroached land (slums, existing buildings and religious structures) and developed land as land pooling. Other than these lands, Reclaimed land can be generated by construction of retaining wall throughout the river. After cleaning of vacant land and rehabilitation of slums; available land can be used as a public spaces under which different types of activities can be proposed for recreation. Proposed activities can be of two types: a) Purely social purpose i.e. recreational activities without fees and b) For the purpose of revenue generation i.e. recreational activities with fees. Activities for the generation of revenue will be helpful in return back of investments involved in development. On street 2W parking lots Public convenience Waterfront Park Pedestrian lane Flower garden
Figure: Perspective diagram for Proposal
Reclaimed land
Study area
Vacant land Encroached land Deveoped land by land pooling
Land for development for social purpose
Recreational purpose (without fees)
Recreation al purpose (with fees)
Markets Auditorium Bar & Restaurant on street parking lots (source for revenue generation)
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
S.No.
Proposals
A
Retaining wall
B
Land filling
C
Waterfront park & foothpath
Benefits To protect the natural waterfront Helpful in solid waste management To prevent the river becoming a dumping site
It will helpful in reclaiming land along the river berms.
Waterfront Park & footpath: these two elements are running parallel to the river, offers a unique vista to the people towards water body. Along the river, people can walk. This segment along theriverl will be as active as a public street.
It can be the place for social integration.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
D
Proposal of following activities
1
Gaming zone
2
Retail shops
3
Hoarding for advertisement
4
Flower garden or park
It will be a children attraction zone, profit/revenue earning, software based gaming area, it will be active recreational area
It can be for stationary items, snacks shops, book shops, and handloom or handicraft shops.
It will helpful in getting revenues from city level commercial shops or malls. In this garden there will be different types of flower plants with landscape design.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
5
Restaurants ďƒź In this restaurant sitting area will be near to riverfront.
6 Auditorium
ďƒź To organized cultural activities & getting fees from that.
Public convenience
ďƒź All design will be for all types of users i.e. children, old age, disable person
7
Table 5: Perspectives behind the proposal 6.2 Available land along the river for Development Along the river there are four types of land is available i.e. unused vacant land, developed by MLP, encroached land and reclaimed land. Along the river total land generated is around 16 Ha for the development of river front which constitutes 39% of land is unused vacant land, 28% of land has been encroached, 7% of land is reclaimed and only 27% of land has been developed by MLP. Along the river encroachments include Mix Landuse, Slum settlements, Temple & Parking space under study area. (MLP-Manhara Land pooling) 6.3 Why Jadibuti: A critical Analysis The analysis is mainly focussed from the development point of view. Why and how the Jadibuti node, which is also the transit point to enter different districts can be redeveloped in different provision of physical infrastructure to sustain it as a city junction in the highway developed towns. The place like Jadibuti is a emerged town nearby the highway side and whenever there is any accessibility along the highway, the towns are formed in the case of Nepal, hence taking these concept, we can say that if the development and redevelopment is there nearby, then there is the possibilities of development of physical Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node infrastructure provision like basic public services, facilities, business centres and institutional arrangement in that locality. There are many such possibilities to grow, develop and design the Jadibuti area for its sustainability like other towns, but few things should be taken into consideration like urban districts, local infrastructure planning, preservation of greenary belts and river conservation and new designs. To form a urban city image, there should be the provision of good infrastructure developments and new design in the Jadibuti node if and only if the local infrastructure planning body as well as policy making body gives priority to the important city nodes like Jadibuti to be redeveloped. While analysing, we should have a strong point, that why we have taken the Jadibuti node, which is also the important city node of the districts which links different routes following Valley. The main critical things is to observe the most important requirement to form a good image of the cities. Here are few things to be taken under consideration, and they are: a) Accessibility The Araniko Highway is the highway which is serving its facilities in transportation and this highway is a reason to develop a new society in the highway locality. Hence accessibility is a point which describes that its a tool which is helping to grow a cities within nearby highway or we can say if there is the facilities like road or street network, then there is the most probability of new development as a society to be formed as a city or towns.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
b) Landmark Jadibuti place itself is a landmark with different composition in the area. The area consists of Jadibuti herbal complex, Puspanjali hall, and a place famous for the slate and stone products in the Valley and the main importance of the Jadibuti is Manhara river is flowing along the Jadibuti with its importance from the religious and purity point of view. The development pattern of the surrounding areas has created to form Jadibuti as a landmark of the cities. Hence by redeveloping the Jadibuti nodes from the urban design point of view, the cities can be transformed into a newer form by creating recreational facilites with basic services, commercial centres, institutional arrangement like corporate buildings and preserving greenary with along the Manhara river and preserving the Jadibuti images which would be sustaining from the development point of view and as a Landmark of the cities image.
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
] c) District Nodes Jadibuti is playing an important role after the development of Araniko Highway in the districts to link different districts from the nodal point of view. The place Jadibuti is a city junction to link Koteswor, Pepsicola along with old Thimi, Narenphante along with Lalitpur district, Bhaktapur and Capital city and linking to different districts through Araniko highway in the sense of growing market and cities with finacial development and rising the economy to preserve the locality by development of physical infrastructures which will automatically helps to sustain the cities like Jadibuti. Hence, Jadibuti nodes redeveloped process from the new designs in the sense that it should be feasible, efficiency and from the safety pedestrian planning to the building bylaws as well as from the provision of Transit Oriented development (TOD) which would help the nodes to sustained but there should be vision to developed the area and the local people participation to preserve the spirit of the place which actually is the Jadibuti node itself. Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
d) Function with City Image The role of the Jadibuti nodes is playing important from the different angle point of view like accessibility, landmark, district nodes and many such other unseen things which is helping the Jadibuti society in the rapid development process. There are many things to be known while proposing any places. The analysis should be strong enough to defence in the sense to preserve the society as well as to preserve the spirit of the place to identify why actually Jadibuti is taken as a study area to be redeveloped from the urban design and conservation point of view. Hence there should be following things to be taken under consideration: 1.
Examine the physical dimensions of the Jadibuti concerning its level with nearby urban rivers and the functions that affect this level
2. Investigate and to establish the key reasons for the existence of factors� 3. The city itself is functioning as a landmark and hence to preserve the city image, there should be the proper designs which will be helping cities like Jadibuti to grow and sustained with feasible designs. Hence, while the functions and city image play a important role to preserve the natural belts with river conservation along with urban river like Manhara. The functional importance should be understood before designing any new redevelopment strategy to stabilize the society in the different function and
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node city image to preserve its own identity and hence demanding for new basic services, facilities and amenities with proper infrastructure planning.
Figure: Urban image of Jadibuti
Figure: Landmark- A Jadibuti herbal complex, Jadibuti node Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node Chapter 7: Design Studio Proposals I.
Perspective behind the proposal Total available land can be divided for the purpose of Waterfront Park, pedestrian lane, public & semi-public, commercial and for recreation. Land distribution has been taken according to UD Guidelines for Public & semi-public and commercial use but this can be varying as per the available land and surrounding Landuse. For land allocation major emphasis has been given on the activities which will be benefited to the social purpose. In commercial, retail shops are allowed. Parking lots will be provided as per the proposed activities.
II.
Potential of developable land for different activities Potential of the available land has been decided by considering three factors a) surrounding Landuse, b) accessibility and c) area of the land available for the development.
For detail proposed landuse refer the figure under below:
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
III.
Comparison: Existing landuse Vs Proposed landuse Compared situation details with existing landuse and proposed landuse are listed under table below:
S.No.
Existing landuse
Proposed landuse
1
Lack of new designs & developments
Arrangement of new designs with physical provision with developments
2
20% of the land along the river is occupied by slum people.
New developments targeting for recreational and commercial purposes
3
River is used only for dumping purpose
Used for recreational and parks
Developed lands by land pooling are not well maintained.
Introducing new designs with infrastructure provisions helps to sustain all lands
4
Table 6: comparison: existing landuse Vs proposed landuse
Chapter 8: Recommendation 1. Parking space should be provided as per the requirements of different activities. 2. There should be public convenience at a distance of 200 meter. 3. There should be an individual bin collection system at each commercial unit. 4. In recreational zone, there should be a dust bin at each 300 meter. Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node 5. Ho g fo v m w ow Ro o y; h wo y provision of pamphlets for advertisements. Hoardings will be in mono color. 6. Proper pedestrian spaces should be provided for safety and security feeling. 7. Greenary space should be provided to preserve natural beauty and its surrounding image. 8. To preserve the image of the Jadibuti node and its settlement, there should be the sustainability of such physical infrastructure provisions by local infrastructure planning. 9. Environment action plan should be formulated to prevent from pollution and waste disposal 10. Community involvement should engaged to develop their own towns as in Nepali sayings: “Aafno gaun aafai banau�
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node BIBLIOGRAPHY Boon, B M (Jan – April 2007); Proposed Landscape Redevelopment for Commercial Riverside Marketplace along Jalan Bambier at Kuching Waterfront, Sarawak (accessed on: 15 June, 2012) http://fabserver.utm.my/download/StudentProjectKuchingWaterfront.pdf Nicholas, S and Rio, V D (April 2006); Park Marina Area Concept Plan Riverfront Revitalization in Redding, CA (accessed on: 15 May 2012) http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/ Li, M (2003); Urban Regeneration through Public space: Dalian China (accessed on: 15 March 2012) http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/m9li2004.pdf Rahman, N I A (1997); Development of River Park Planning Model with Application to Islamic Perspective (accessed on: 14 December 2011, at 03:16 PM) http://eprints.ptar.uitm.edu.my/2399/1/141_NIK_I_AB_RAHMAN_97_24.pdf Yasin, A B Md (2011): Developing New Guidelines for Riverfront Development in Malaysia (accessed on: 3r April 2012 at 12:53 AM) http://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/dspace/handle/10182/4267 www.wikipedia.org/urban Funk, J (1985); New Albany Riverfront Development (accessed on: 3rd April 2012 at 12:53 AM) http://www.bsu.edu/libraries/virtualpress/student/architecture/pdfs/f86_1985funkjames.pdf Abeles, Phillips, Preiss & Shapiro, Inc. Waterfront Zoning: Issues and Options. New York: Department of City Planning & Department of Ports, and Trade, 1 990. City- Philadelphia. Plan for Philadelphia Riverfronts. Philadelphia: City Planning Commission, 1 985. Josselyn, M.N., M. Martindale and J. M. Duffield. Public Access and Wetlands: Impacts of Recreational Use. Technical Report #9. Tiburon, CA: San Francisco State University, Romberg Tiburon Centers, Center for Environmental Studies, 1 989. www.academia.edu/urbandevelopment www.google.com/urban www.un.org/documents www.adb.org/development Ward profile, Kathmandu, Kathmandu metrpolitan office Central Bureu of Stastistics, Kathmandu for latest data, CBS, 2013 Ministry of local development data and Ministry of urban development for relevant data, Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node PROPOSED DESIGNS MODELS (1:1000)
For drawings, of Jadibuti redevelopment nodes please follow at :
Twitter @ Amit.pokhrel3 ; www.issuu.com/pokhrel; E-mail: pokhrelamit2003@yahoo.com
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: functions and use with image of the city
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost we offer our sincerest gratitude to our Main guide, Dr. Mohan moorti Pant, and Dr. Bijay K. Shrestha, who have supported us throughout our Design Studio work. We would like to thank to the officers/staff of Manhara land pooling office and Ward office who helped us in the secondary data collection. We would like to express our gratitude to our friends for their possible support in team work and their suggestion to complete this Design Studio work. Finally we offer our sincerest gratitude to the people of Jadibuti and their support which helped us to cross all the hurdles coming in our Studio work. Amit Pokhrel Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012 (Purbanchal University, Nepal) M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation Batch: 2012-2014
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
ABSTRACT Ever since the revitalization of the city area has become an urgent issue, especially for the countries where motorization accelerates the urban sprawl and the center of the city, there has been a tendency to emphasize the importance of studying the urban development and surrounding of the locality. Insight into urban design and conservation, area is essential for theory and development describing the provision of proper infrastructure. In turn, models can be used to test and compare different infrastructure designs, both from the perspective of efficiency and safety. To calibrate these models, data is required such as traffic flow analysis and physical infrastructure designs. This design studio deals with an approach to estimate the actual urban spaces by effective utilization of available land along the river by restoring the natural waterfront: Jadibuti. The objective relates to identification of the potential development along the Jadibuti. A model was made to describe the surrounding urban environment and proposed design of the urban node Jadibuti. The proposed designs and model was derived and developed for common commercial centres and recreational areas based on actual field measurements of key parameters in the urban area of Jadibuti node. The model was calibrated on other locations in the city and the CBD area of the city of Valley and showed that it can be applied with significant efficiency which eventually will be reflected in the design of redevelopments of the Jadibuti node (study area)
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node
Figure: City Image of Jadibuti
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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Urban Redevelopment Pattern: A Study of Jadibuti Node For query, information and research work, please feel free to write on the following address: To, Er. Amit Pokhrel Urban designer /Civil Engineer pokhrelamit2003@yahoo.com www.issuu.com/pokhrel you can message via LinkedIn http://np.linkedin.com/pub/er-amit-pokhrel/69/a5b/9a2/ Thank you for your reading
Amit Pokhrel (Regd.No.: 035-3-3-03881-2012; M.Sc. Urban design & Conservation; Batch: 2012-2014)
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