URBAN DESIGN
INDEX ABSTRACT OF THE SUB TOPIC .......................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................. 5 Reviving the Dead Spaces Under Elevated Structures .......................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION: .............................................................................................................. 5 NEED: ................................................................................................................................... 6 AIM: ...................................................................................................................................... 6 OBJECTIVE: ....................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2: Literature review ...................................................................................................... 8 BOOK REVIEW .................................................................................................................... 9 URBAN DESIGN ............................................................................................................... 11 FLYOVERS: ...................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 3 .................................................................................................................................. 12 NET CASE STUDY: ........................................................................................................... 12 NET CASE STUDY 2 ........................................................................................................ 14 Book Case study: ..................................................................................................................... 17 EXPERT INTERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 17 AR.VIJAYSHREE PEDNEKAR , MUMBAI.................................................................... 17 THE EXPERTS WORDS: ................................................................................................... 18 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FLYOVERS IN PUNE ............................................... 22 Chapter 4 .................................................................................................................................. 25 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................... 25 CONCLUSION:....................................................................................................................... 25 RECOMMENDATIONS: .................................................................................................... 25 MAPING .............................................................................................................................. 25 DANGE CHOWK (A CASE STUDIED IN PUNE -PCMC) ............................................. 26
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
2
URBAN DESIGN
SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 28 WEAKNESS .................................................................................................................... 28 OPPORTUNITIES........................................................................................................... 28 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................... 29 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 32
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
3
URBAN DESIGN
ABSTRACT OF THE SUB TOPIC In order to ease transportation problems, many urban authorities in India have taken up initiative for construction of flyovers at major junctions. However in the most of the cases a comprehensive planning approach has not been adopted either due to lack of fund
or
ignorance about this planning perspective of such proposals. In an urban network, one intersection may be more congested than other adjacent intersection but decision for construction of flyovers at the most congested intersection should not be based only on present day operation condition. The spaces utility under flyover must also be planned and constructed, negligence will result to misuse of space creating unhygienic, disturbing sort of environment. The aim of the study is oriented to the different use of space under the flyovers in Pune.
Fig: under the bridge in BANKOK (primary source, 2016)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
4
URBAN DESIGN
Chapter 1 Reviving the Dead Spaces under Elevated Structures INTRODUCTION: This topic aims at phenomenological spatial study of flyover in India that provides a new perspective on the problems and opportunities in the flyover design and planning that are experienced by the marginal community in the neighbouring areas: inhabited by the marginal community. They disconnect neighbourhoods, produce undesirable views, and act as physical and psychological barriers making the pedestrian experience unpleasant .Furthermore, the unclear territoriality of these spaces sometimes leads to land misuses such as dumping debris, abandoning of cars, or illegal activities. Places like the Burnside Bridge Project in Portland, Oregonand The Expressway Park in Baton Rouge, Louisiana among others, are examples of designs made to revive the left over spaces under elevated highways as well as their surroundings neighbourhoods.
Fig: under the bridge in california
Fig: under the bridge in Bankok (primary source, 2016)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
5
URBAN DESIGN
NEED: Public art plays a critical role in urban development Underpass Park uses reflectivity to draw people into and through the space. Design should engage the public through the playful use of reflection by bouncing light around the space in an interesting and sculptural ways. Underpass Park is part of an ongoing effort to transform pockets of neglected urban spaces on the waterfront into valued public amenities. Making an instant impact to the local environment and enhancing the social dynamic of the community Designed to transform derelict and underused space, the park takes full advantage of the concrete beams and columns of the overpasses to create a unique and inviting community asset and provide year round weather protection
Fig: showing people settling to slums
Fig: showing people settling to slums
(primary source, 2016)
AIM: “THE AIM OF THE TOPIC IS TO SHOW HOW CREATIVELY WE CAN MAKE CITIES FUN PLACES WITH OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERACTION AND PLAY”
Fig: showing shop under the brige
Fig: showing boating under the flyover
(primary source, 2016))
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
6
URBAN DESIGN
OBJECTIVE: THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS THESIS ARE DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING LIST:
The research targeted at the goals of understanding the contextual structure of flyovers in India
What are the changes that come in the localities after the development of flyovers
What are the scopes in those spaces
The entire analysis process aims to examine the lived
experience of the
flyovers from the marginal spaces
SCOPE: This topic is guided by empirical analyses using the theories of social spaces. The investigation focuses on flyover sites within the urban fabric of India based on their proximity to residential area and presence of diverse activities. The case study sites are under spaces surrounding in each case. The roadway is more of an overpass, however accepted as a flyover by the city people. Undeveloped spaces below elevated highways have the potential to be transformed into major corridors, gathering areas or recreational spaces that integrate the 2 elevated highway and their surrounding environment.
LIMITATION: This is more of a study and analysis of the subject matter than with finding propositions .time constraints and limited availability of resources restrict the discussion to 5 flyovers case studies in India. It seems that the study area and topic cover a wide range of interrelated areas from operational framework to institutional politics. However due to subject matter of this topic, this investigation sticks with the indirect user perspective of flyover.
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
7
URBAN DESIGN
Chapter 2: Literature review ANALYSIS ON URBAN HISTORY The key findings from history show various implications produced by the development of the flyovers over which can be classifies as: PHYSICAL: Increase in the noise or vibrations and shadowing effect. SOCIAL : Changes in the interactions of persons or groups, isolation of certain people, VISUAL: Changes in the aesthetic character of communities LAND-USE: Loss of land as the result of the development of a freeway. GROWING BUSINESS: Long time business opportunities SAFETY: Changes in the crime level, accidents and emergency response in the area free -way is located
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
8
URBAN DESIGN
BOOK REVIEW Henri Lefebvre, space and spatiality:
(kabir, 2014) Lefebvre provides an ontological discourse, exploring the interrelationship between these three parts of the triad, their characteristics and differences and asserts that each of the spaces, perceived, conceived and lived, contributes in one way or the other towards the production of space by their interrelatedness and mutual overlap in the physical spaces of the city
(kabir, 2014) Pereira. (1994) has extensively worked on the urban voids in the city and define them as following: “Urban voids� are unutilized, under-utilized or abandoned land and premises which exist in urban areas due to outdated or defunct uses. Urban voids can even be created by identifying dilapidated premises which has potential to redevelop for new urban functions. The term should not be confused with open areas such as parks or side-walks which have specific functions assigned to them
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
9
URBAN DESIGN
Roger Tranick, Lost Spaces : Figure-ground theory is a two dimensional description of the ration between solids and voids and their geometrical relationships. Linkage theory adds to this idea by analysing how these solids and voids are connected in three dimensional space. Finally the place theory combines the previous two but includes user’s values and perceptions in order to bring life to the physical space
(kabir, 2014)
(kabir, 2014)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
10
URBAN DESIGN
URBAN DESIGN
Urban design is about making connections between people and places. Movement and urban form, nature and the built fabric.
Urban spaces draws together the many strands of place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the creation of places with distinct beauty and identity.
Urban design involves place making the creation of setting that imparts a sense of place to an area.
This process is achieved by establishing identifiable neighbourhoods, unique architecture, aesthetically pleasing public spaces and vistas identifiable landmarks and focal points.
FLYOVERS: The spaces under flyovers is a bit of paradox elevated highways are meant to connect two sides of gap, to bring them together, but they often act as quiet intentionally as barriers because the project spaces beneath them is so problematic.There is a tendency to leave it underused and overgrown with weeds, or to give it up for some perfunctory use like parking. But there are many creative solutions to deal with the spaces underneath elevated of
“First flyover in the city is a symptom towards its decay”
Competition held by Gov.
Innovative waiting area
(primary source, 2016):
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
11
URBAN DESIGN
Chapter 3 NET CASE STUDY: Mumbai Gets Its First Under-Flyover Garden The city that never sleeps wears only a few colours - brown, black and grey being its usual hues - for concrete Mumbai offers little in the way of a green environment. But that may have changed a little in Matunga
Fig: : under the bridge graden Mumbai (india times, 2016) The brainchild of the 'One Matunga' residents' group, the garden-under-flyover was intended to beautify the space and rid it of the many gamblers who often housed shops there. The underbellies of Indian flyovers in cities are normally shady and dark and associated with underhand activities. Mumbai has unveiled its new, dazzling under-flyover garden, the first of its kind in the city The brainchild of the 'One Matunga' residents' group, the garden-under-flyover was intended to beautify the space and rid it of the many gamblers who often housed shops there
Fig: under the bridge graden Mumbai (india times, 2016)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
12
URBAN DESIGN
The garden is situated under Tulpule flyover on Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Road at Matunga. The garden has a 600 metre long jogging track in the shape of the river Narmada as well as a childrens’ park. The project was initiated by the ‘One Matunga’ group who wanted to get rid of gamblers under the flyover and beautify the area. Residents are happy that they will finally have a jogging track in the heavy monsoon. The garden looks stunning at night and is turning quite a few heads in the area!
Fig: : under the bridge graden Mumbai (india times, 2016)
“THE GARDEN IS A WELCOME CHANGE IN A CITY WITH SEVERE SPACE CRUNCH” Interviews For Meenal Sawant, a housewife from Parel who drops off her daughter to a drama class nearby, the garden is an apt space to work out in before picking her child up. "I love the smooth track here, which makes it easier to walk on." she says, adding, "This is also like a readymade roof for us in the monsoon." Kritida Patel of Kapole Niwas just across the road, also hasn't missed a single day here. "To get a space in such a crowded area is a boon. It's also fun as I meet my building friends here and we finish our walk together," she says. Being so close to their home,senior citizens from the buildings on the adjoining road gather here every evening for a chat
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
13
URBAN DESIGN
NET CASE STUDY 2
(urbz.net, 2016)
Fig: : JJ flyover mumbai CST
The JJ flyover, runs from the Crawford Market area all the way to Byculla, jumping over some of the densest and most frantic neighborhoods of Mumbai. It is a mess of traffic above and a mess of traffic below. All accommodations are made for the car and truck, while pedestrians are left to fend for themselves. While the flyover features prominently on all maps of Mumbai, the space beneath it is a curiously overlooked space. Still, a host of activities happen here nonetheless. In the mornings, informal markets spring up selling everything from chai to chickens, fish to fruit. Street children play games; mothers wash clothing, cook food and sell small goods in the tiny leftover spaces of intersections and traffic medians. In the evening, food stalls set up shop and laborers gather to share food and drink, some eventually falling asleep in the vacated parking spaces.
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
14
URBAN DESIGN
The flyover is considered dirty and dangerous. It is a space to rush through on your way from train to bazaar. But, this need not be so. We see the space under the flyover as having wonderful potential. It is sheltered from the rain and from the heat of the sun. Amazingly, it is also free of much of the politics, land tenure disputes and real estate speculation that plague much of Bombay. The flyover itself was proposed as necessary civic infrastructure.
(urbz.net, 2016)
Fig: : JJ flyover mumbai CST
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
15
URBAN DESIGN
Why can’t this idea be extended below as well? What better place to open up a little room for the citizens of the city? With a few small interventions and amenities, we believe that this patch of land could be completely transformed and that if given the chance, these slender patches of space would find a host of uses that would be constantly changing over time, responsive to collective need, present aspirations and seasonal calendarInstead of parking, we propose spaces for play, for shelter, for community building, for worship and for celebration.
(urbz.net, 2016)
Fig: : JJ flyover mumbai CST
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
16
URBAN DESIGN
Book Case study: EXPERT INTERVIEW AR.VIJAYSHREE PEDNEKAR , MUMBAI REVIEW: Suggestion for space management under flyover. The architect has done project proposals for spaces beneath flyover in Mumbai here are few analysis.
Fig bharat mata junction (adta rashock spaces below flyovers, 2016) To design spaces below flyover : Surrounding activities must be considered end user must be kept in mind green spaces as per pollution meter must be provided ,seating, lighting, etc resultant
must
solve
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
issues
not
complicate
it.
[Date]
17
URBAN DESIGN
THE EXPERTS WORDS: The flyover is a bridge that carries one road or railway line above another either with or without subsidary road , for communication between the two. Reson behind going for aflyover is that as the traffic on the road goes on increasing and we don’t have any space left in both the dimensions,then the only option left will be to go to the third dimension and that is done through flyover construction. The main road is used for fast traffic, which is made to pass at a high level by a bridge, providing ramps on both the ends and the slow traffic is made to pass underneath. tThus the traffic pass at two different levels,and leave no chance for an accident. Even after providing the flyover,as we hve to continue providing the traffic lights at the intersection beneath the flyoverso as to make a person approaching from any irection reach every other irection, the flyover is not replacing the traffic lights.
Fig bharat mata junction (adta rashock spaces below flyovers, 2016)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
18
URBAN DESIGN
Fig bharat mata junction (adta rashock spaces below flyovers, 2016)
Advantages of flyover are that they play a major role in streamlining the traffic control system. Through flyovers, plenty of time is saved avoiding congestion.pollution effect is reuced, risk of accidents is reduced, saves motorist and commuters time as well as fuel and also contributes a lot to the aesthetics of the city.
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
19
URBAN DESIGN
Fig Vile Parle junction (adta rashock spaces below flyovers, 2016)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
20
URBAN DESIGN
3
Fig Kalina junction (adta rashock spaces below flyovers, 2016)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
21
URBAN DESIGN
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FLYOVERS IN PUNE
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
22
URBAN DESIGN
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
23
URBAN DESIGN
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
24
URBAN DESIGN
Chapter 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION: Closer studies of flyunder voids spaces with respect to socio-economic implications will help in developing an improved framework for future design of urban voids. It is expected that these studies will help city authorities, transportation planners and policy makers as they address phenomenological spatial issues in their future planning decisions; thus allowing them to take appropriate steps with the ultimate aim of overcoming the planning and implementation fallacies that plagued their earlier flyover designs.
RECOMMENDATIONS: From summary of findings, this thesis urges further research on these new occupants and the new activities involving them. It also proposes to work with the negative outcomes that generated from the formal institution’s initial goals. Figure 30: Proposed goals by author
A few recommendations are provided along with future research scopes to work with the new occupants and their spatial practices.
MAPING:
The outcome of this research will be the development of a master plan and a set of details of a friendly commercial and pedestrian environment that will provide an identity to this part
Enhance the aesthetic quality of the study area.
Maximize the use of the space below bridge through the improvement of parking and pedestrian facilities
Provide better public transportation facilities.
Eliminate unsafe conditions.
Minimize the impact of the elevated highway in its surroundings.
Improve the connections between site and adjacent neighbourhoods through the redevelopment of the spaces below the bridge
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
25
URBAN DESIGN
DANGE CHOWK (A CASE STUDIED IN PUNE -PCMC)
(google maps, n.d.) The parallel flyover connects kalewadi with ravet at dange chowk. The two parallel flyovers crossing chinchwad-hingewadi it park road will reduce the traffic burden on both stretches of kalewai-ravet and chinchwad-hingewadi it park. The work of the 9.57km long parallel flyovers at dange chowk was going on for last two years.they have been planned to ensure a smooth traffic flow at dange chowk as it is one of the busiest junction in pimpri chinchwad and hingewadi it park For the last 2 years the traffic flow was isturbed due to the ongoing work of flyover. The commuter especially at hingewadi it park are early waiting for the lyover to start which would provide a solution to continuous traffic snarls. The civic officials added that there was delay in completion of work due to monsoon. the pimpri chinchwad municipal corporation will contruct a split flyover at dange chowk in thergaon to reduce the traffic congestion at the buzy junction. A proposal will come up at the standing committee meeting on tuesday for allotment of contract to construct the flyover at the cost of rs 21.5crore. The estimated cost of the project was rs 16.87 crore Dange chowk is
an important junction at aundh ravet road which the civic body is
developing as bus rapid transit system
route.the road is 14.5km long and goes from
rajivgandhi brige near aundh/sangvi to ravet. The civic boy is widening the roadd to 45mtrs
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
26
URBAN DESIGN
The importance of the junction has increased in the past few decades as residents of chinchwad, thergaon, pimpri, kalewadi and nearby areas travel through this junction for going to the software technology park in hinjewadi. Dilip kudale, coordinator, engineering department, said: "the aundh-ravet road enables people living in pune or pimpri chinchwad to reach the pune-mumbai expressway quicker. So the civic body is widening the road to 45 m and developing it as a brts route." "a split flyover is to be constructed to enable the traffic from aundh towards ravet to cross the road without stopping at the traffic signal. The brt buses and the local traffic will use the road at ground level to cross the junction." Suresh sonavane, a resident of chinchwad, said: "a large number of rickshaws are parked near the bus stops around the junction, as a result of which buses cannot halt at the stops. The buses have to wait in queue near the bus stops. This causes traffic congestion at the junction." Satish palande, another resident, said that vehicles were parked on all the four sides of the junction due to which vehicles coming to the junction cannot take a left turn and move forward easily. Resident kirti mane pointed to encroachment by hawkers near the roadside that obstruct traffic.
PICTURES OF DANGE CHOWK FLYOVER (google maps, n.d.)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
27
URBAN DESIGN
SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGHT: PCMC is amongst one of the richest local bodies in India and has sufficient cash reserve to initiate the mega road development projects. PCMC has very good credit rating evaluated by reputed agencies. PCMC area is very less encroached in comparison to other cities. The road development of PCMC has been in fairly planned manner. PCMC has got the various studies done for the road development of city by world class consultants, which are proposed to be implemented. PCMC has got adequate technical & administrative staff to control the implementation of road development projects.
WEAKNESS: Absence of close alternative routes, connectivity etc. required for smooth & early implementation of the project. Removal of encroachments takes substantial time, affecting the achievement of targets. The staff needs training in respect of modern & advance technologies. For mega road development project, PCMC requires huge investment in a limited time frame. Existing utility services are major hindrances in development of road network, requiring additional major expenditure for shifting. Shortage of adequate materials in the vicinity of PCMC. „ Lack of Co-ordination between various departments at the planning as well as implementation stage. Approval procedure takes very long time, delaying the achievement of targets OPPORTUNITIES : The JNNURM scheme launched by the Government is one of the biggest opportunity to implement the development of road project.
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
28
URBAN DESIGN
THREATS : Timely delivery of finances from the funding agencies. ‰ Non-performing contractors Non-availability of defense land for road development. Non-availability of desired quality & quantity of materials Diversion of funds due to other priorities .Change of POLICIES
DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
(hcp.co.in, 2015)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
29
URBAN DESIGN
(hcp.co.in, 2015)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
30
URBAN DESIGN
(hcp.co.in, 2015)
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
31
URBAN DESIGN
Bibliography (n.d.). (n.d.). (2015). Retrieved from hcp.co.in: http://www.hcp.co.in/project-details/61/86/274/amcbridge-underspaces-development adta
rashock
spaces
below
flyovers.
(2016).
Retrieved
from
slideshare:
http://www.slideshare.net/datarashok/spaces-below-flyovers google maps. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.google.com india times. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/mumbai-opensits-first-under-the-flyover-garden-at-matunga-and-it-looks-pretty-damn-neat256925.html kabir, s. (2014). re thinking over overpasses. Retrieved from www.academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/7149359/ReThinking_Overpasses_A_Case_Study_in_the_Planning_and_Design_of_Flyovers_in _Dhaka_City primary
source.
(2016).
Retrieved
from
maps:
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=under+the+bridge+landscape&rlz=1C1CHWA_e nIN597IN597&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=638&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X &ved=0ahUKEwiRvsHEi57PAhUDG5QKHbQCBmsQsAQIHQ urbz.net. (2016). Retrieved from http://urbz.net/workshops/mashup/mumbai/under-theflyover/
Design Electives 1 Fourth Year, B.Arch
[Date]
32