AIDS TO NAVIGATION

Aids for navigation are tools that used for visual use or with radarwhileinportsandbeachnavigation.

The vessel specially equipped to maintain and repair navigationbuoys,beacons,automaticlighthouses,etc.

Pilotage

Pilotage is an essential service provided to ships maneuvering withinportlimitsandcoastalwatersdeclaredasPilotageareas.

Ship sail from mid sea to anchorage or pilot point. From there, local experienced pilot takes the control of ship from Ship's Captain.

Pilot reaches the ship either by helicopter or by small boat. He gets help or assistances from tug boats to control the ship, to pullorpushtoexactrouteorposition.

Towage

A tug (tugboat) is a boat or ship that maneuvers vessels by pushingortowingthem.

Tugsmovevesselsthateithershouldnotmovebythemselves, such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal or those that could not move by themselves, such as barges, disabled ships,lografts,oroilplatforms.

BERTHING/ UNBERTHING

Berthing means bringing a vessel to her berth until the ship is madefast.

The term “berth” refers to the quay, or wharf, or, pier or jetty wheretheshipcomesalongside.

Repairs

The berthing and unberthing maneuvers require great knowledge and skill by the master, officers and the crew, as well as an excellent team work with the rope runners and the mooring party ashore.

All ships need repair and maintenance operation that can be performed at the sea or by the crew in port. The large scale repairing must be required the ship to remove from commercial operations.