NEWSLETTERSEPTEMBER2022TheFirstGalacticGlimpsesfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeNASA’snextgenerationspacetelescopehasstartedtoblowourmindswithbeautifulimages.Rememberingthe1922WallalSolarEclipseExpeditionLearnaboutthetimeWAwasfrontandcentreinprovingEinsteinright.IsDrStrangeMultiverseofMadnessAMustWatch?WereviewthelatestmoviefromMarvelStudios.HelpingNASA’sLucyMissionFindouthowwehelpedNASAinlearningmoreabouttwoTrojanAsteriodsit’llvisitin2033.
- Nicolaus Copernicus, Astronomer
The strongest affection and utmost zeal should, I think, promote the studies concerned with the most beautiful objects. This is the discipline that deals with the universe’s divine revolutions, the stars’ motions, sizes, distances, risings and settings . . . for what is more beautiful than heaven?
TeamProductionEROWebbSTScI,CSA,ESA,NASA,Credit:Image
Contents 05 A View Through The Eyepiece 07 Upcoming Events 09 First Galactic Glimpses from JSWT 15 Busy Beryl – Stars in Your Eyes 17 History Matters 22 Keeping Up With The Volunteers 23 Helping NASA’s LUCY Mission 30 Dr Strange Multiverse of Madness Find Us Here
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31 What’s In October’s Skies 36 What’s In November’s Skies 40 What’s In December’s Skies 44 Sunday Day Tours 45 The Astroshop 47 Containers For Change 49 Easy Alien Pretzels 50 The Funny Side Editorial Zoé DesignerMattEditorFraussenWoods Contributors Michelle Ashley-Emile, Jodie Sims, Matt Woods, Lilia Bradley, Julie Matthews, Zoé Fraussen, Roger Groom, and Ronny Kaplanian
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POVG pay our respects to Noongar Elders past, present, and emerging.
As we celebrate the arrival of Spring, we also are celebrating the 100-year anniversary of the Wallal expedition. A global collaboration aiming to test Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. Read all about why this expedition is important in an article by one of our youngest volunteers Lilia, who wrote about this event for a school assignment. Then come along to our talk about the event given by the brilliant volunteer Arthur Harvey.
Zoé Fraussen Editor
Kaya and Welcome
This newsletter will lead us up the New Year, so I hope you are yours have a very happy holidays and start 2023 off with love and happiness.
This edition also looks at some of the James Webb Space Telescope images, now that some have finally been released. See why all the astronomy community has been so excited for these images and learn a little bit about how they have been taken. Keep reading to learn about the different things that are volunteers are doing here at the observatory.
There are so many brilliant volunteers here at the observatory and new projects and activities are undertaken by them regularly. We are so proud to see what our volunteers get up to, and love to see our volunteer cohort grow. If you want to get involved and join this wonderful group of ours, head to perthobservatory. com.au/volunteer to express your interest.
A View Through The Eyepiece
As we come to the end of September and hopefully say goodbye to all the rain and clouds blocking our beautiful night sky we head into my favourite season, Kambarang. The flowers start to bloom, the trees are getting green again, and it’s not so cold driving up here early in the morning. It’s also slightly nicer weather for our night sky tours, but don’t stop bringing jumpers just yet, the cold doesn’t give up that easily.
Perth Observatory Volunteer Group acknowledges we operate on the traditional lands of the Whadjuk-Noongar people.
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The Helix Nebula NGC 7293 EDITIONSPRING202206PAGE
Child (Ages 5 to 17): $30
Time: 10:45 pm (Doors open at 10:30 pm)
Location: Curtin University
It’s back again in 2022, Astrofest is a out of this world festival so the WA public can space out with WA’s astronomy groups. There’ll be talks that will blow you mind, stalls to buy cool astronomy gear, and heaps of telescopes to look through.
Price: Adult: Concession:$55 $40
31st of October
Price: Adult: Concession:$30 $20
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Join us for a guided ghost tour of the observatory. After being guided through 125 years of ghostly history, come and sit around our firepit and be entertained by ghost stories and discussions about some of the supernatural stories that surround the Moon and stars from cultures all over the world.
EventsUpcoming
Child (Ages 5 to 17): $20
Price: Adult: Concession:$30 $25
31st of October
24th of September
Halloween Night Tour
Get on your broomstick and head up to the Perth Observatory for an amazing night. The Observatory will be decorated and the volunteers in costume for this special night. We’ll also be giving out great prizes for the best dressed.
Child (Ages 5 to 17): $15
Time: 7 pm (Doors open at 5:30 pm)
Wallal Expediation 100th Anniversay Talk
Ghost Tour
Time: 5:30 pm
Come celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Wallal Expedition with us. Our Arthur Harvey will regale you with story about how The Expedition which Perth Observatory was a part of, helped prove Albert Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. Stay late and have a look through our Calver telescope.
Price: Free
29th of October
Astrofest
Time: 8 pm (Doors open at 7:30 pm)
Price: Adult: Concession:$30 $25
Price: Adult: Concession:$55 $40
31st of December
Time: 10 pm (Doors open at 9:30 pm)
Child (Ages 5 to 17): $20
Want to get started in astrophotography?
Price: Adult: Concession:$55 $40
Experience the Southern Hemisphere’s best meteor shower of the year at the Perth Observatory. Rug up, bring your camera and outdoor chairs or even a bean bag and enjoy watching the last few seconds of hundreds of meteor’s lives before it meets its fiery end in our amazing southern sky.
26th of November
Geminids Meteor Shower Night
Price: $280 per person
Time: 8:30 pm (Doors open at 8 pm)
Time: 1-10 pm (Doors open at 12:30 pm)
14th of December
New Year’s Eve Night Tour
Looking for something different to do to farewell the year? Then come along to a prefireworks night tour at the Perth Observatory. Our telescope operators will be ready to show you stunning objects whether it’s a single star or a massive nebula. Then to welcome the New Year, you can drive to one of the Perth Hills many lookouts and take in all the fireworks from around Perth at the stroke of midnight.
Dr Who Night Tour
Child (Ages 5 to 17): $30
Astrophotography Workshop
We’re running a workshop where you’ll learn to use your camera and a telescope. You’ll also learn what your equipment is capable of try you hand out nightscapes and deepsky photography. It’s a fantastic full day of astrophotography that gives you a small group experience learning.
Time: 8:30 pm (Doors open at 8 pm)
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Child (Ages 5 to 17): $30
Celebrate everything Doctor Who on Tardis Day as we celebrate the anniversary of the debut episode of Doctor Who. Come dressed up as your favourite Doctor Who charactor on our night tour to go into the running for best dressed prizes and look at the amazing night sky our our telescopes.
23rd of November
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First Galactic Glimpses James Webb Space
As the JWST flexes its photon gathering muscles for the first time we are seeing a steady stream of new higher definition colour images than ever collected before, coupled with some early exciting discoveries as tantalising data collection starts to filter through.
At 14:30 (UTC) on Tuesday 12th July 2022, to much fanfare across the globe the first images selected by the teams at NASA, ESA, CSA, and the Space Telescope Institute were ready to present to the world. Broadcasted from the Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt Maryland, this event truly heralded in a new age for astronomy.
Webb’s First Deep Field is galaxy cluster SMACS 0723. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI
By Jodie
As a taste of what was to come the first image was released earlier in the day by the President of the United States of America, Joe Biden. This spectacular image shows the same deep space wide field image famously captured by the Hubble Space Telescope with data collected between 2003 and 2004. This image was captured by the Near- Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and shows the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723. The image shows us a tiny slice of our universe approximately the size of a grain of sand held at arm’s length. The image contains thousands of galaxies including some of the faintest objects every observed. It is a composite of many images collected over 12.5 hours and shows SMACS 0723 as it would have appeared 4.6 billion years ago. However, thanks to gravitational lensing distorting the light and magnifying distant galaxies Webb can collect the faint infrared light from more than 13 billion years ago, showcasing never seen galaxies that were formed just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang, giving us the deepest view of the universe seen to date. The second image to be released of the 12th of July enabled spectroscopic atmosphere composition data to be taken from of the ‘Hot Gas Giant WASP -96b’ discovered in 2014 over 1150 light years away and 1.2 times the size of Jupiter orbiting
The next image to be released was of Stephan’s Quintet taken by MIRI and NIRCam. This grouping of five galaxies in the constellation of Pegasus shows one of the most compact galaxy groupings ever discovered. This grouping was first discovered in 1877 by Edouard Stephan at the Marseille Observatory and is located over 290 million light-years away. This image gives astronomers an incredibly clear image of galactic mergers and interactions between galaxies situated in close proximity to one another. Only 4 of the galaxies are actually close together and interacting. The fifth and lowest galaxy NGC7320 is only 40 million light-years from earth. Incredibly this image also shows outflows from galaxies potentially driven by black holes. The image released is a huge mosaic and is one of the largest images from the JWST to be released to date. It contains over 150 million pixels and is comprised of almost 1,000 separate image files. This high-resolution image tells a story of galactic cannibalism and sets the stage for the study of star forming regions within other galaxies, huge shock waves caused by colliding galaxies and the growth rate of supermassive black holes.
Glimpses from the Space Telescope
similar star to our sun. This image helps to illustrate just one of the JWST’s capabilities which is to collect transmission spectrum data using the Near- Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) to study the atmospheres of exoplanets. The first exoplanet wasn’t discovered until 1995 and to date we have found 5,000, of which this technology can be used to look for potential signs of life through the study of chemical atmospheric compositions. The data from the starlight blocked by the planet’s atmosphere is collected by this instrument as the planet passes by its parent star. The spectra of light can then be split out into much like a barcode enabling scientists to decode the lines in the spectra to correlated with known spectra blocked and emitted by certain elements known to us on earth helping us to build up a picture of what condition might be like on other planets. The information gathered over 6.4 hours shows that WASP-96b shows the chemical signatures of water and potential clouds within its atmosphere.
Jodie Sims
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The fourth image shows us in beautiful detail the death of a star. This mesmerising image of the Southern Ring planetary nebula 2,500 light years away shows bubbles of super-hot gasses and dust interacting with one another spreading elements out into the universe. Details previously hidden from view shrouded by dust show processes that occurred during the late stage of this star’s life during helium fusion phase and a second star within the nebula can be seen. Scientists will be able to measure the rings of gas and dust to study the processes that occur during the death of a star with the inner rings being the most recent to form. This image also shows incidentally captured background galaxies.
The fifth and final image released on July 12th is of the Carina Nebula, a star forming region within the Milky Way. The image shows incredible detail of stars forming within the nebula. These details have previously been covered by dust however the capabilities of the JWST can see through this dust in high resolution. The Carina nebula is so large it would take years for the JWST to complete a full image, so this image focuses in on a small part of the nebula know as NGC 3324 a star forming zone know as the cosmic cliffs.
Finally closer to home in our own solar system the sharpest most breathtaking image of Jupiter’s ring system, Storms and Aroura was released. Captured by NIRCam on the 27th July the astonishing image shows arouras around the poles in brilliant resolution. Delicate wispy rings can be seen including Adrastea one of the many moons along with Amalthea further out to the left of the image. Other details include light diffracted from the Aurora in never seen before clarity.
Thanks to the engineering ingenuity of the JWST team we can keep unfolding the universe. Igniting the passions of scientists and astronomer to explore deeper into the unknown than ever before and to keep building on the story of cosmological evolution and its origins for us all to admire!
1. The NIRSpec Transit Light Curves from the Hot Gas Giant Exoplanet WASP-39 b (NASA, ESA, CSA, and L. Hustak (STScI). Science: The JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team). 2. The gal axies in Stephan’s Quintet appear as purple-pink swirls against the blackness of space in this JWST image; some foreground stars appear with diffraction spikes from the telescope’s mirrors; numerous other galaxies and stars bespangle the image (NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI). 3. The Southern Ring Nebula viewed by the James Webb Telescope in near-infrared light (NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI). 4. An undulating, translucent star-forming region in the Carina Nebula is shown in this Webb image, hued in ambers and blues; foreground stars with diffraction spikes can be seen, as can a speckling of background points of light through the cloudy nebula (NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI). 5. A large pink, speckled galaxy resembling a wheel with with a small, inner oval, with dusty blue in between on the right, with two smaller spiral galaxies about the same size to the left against a black background (NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI). 6. The images highlight Jupiter’s features in a way never seen before. (NASA, ESA, CSA, Jupiter ERS Team; image processing by Ricardo Hueso (UPV/EHU) and Judy Schmidt.)
Subsequently in August a stunning composite image of the Cartwheel galaxy was released showing the aftermath of yet another cosmic collision. The Cartwheel galaxy is found 500 million light years away in the Sculptor constellation. This wagon wheel shape galaxy is the result of a collision between a large spiral galaxy and a smaller galaxy creating a shock wave destroying its original spiral structure. This galaxy is now comprised of two rings. These rings expand outwards from the centre of the collision giving this galaxy a less common ring structure. This galaxy has been imaged by other telescopes but again with the JWST we can see higher resolution through the cosmic dust to reveal new features. The NIRCam looks in the near infrared range of 0.6-5 microns revealing more stars than see in the visible light spectrum. Shown as blue dots, pockets of star formation can be seen. Details show in red from the Mid -Infrared instrument (MIRI) show regions rich in hydrocarbons and silicate dust building up the spokes of the galaxy’s skeleton. This unsurpassed level of detail is crucial for scientists to continue building on current theories of stellar dynamics and galaxy formation.
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From
The Milky Way the
Central Wheatbelt
Have free time during the day? Enjoy talking with primary school aged children? Enjoy learning about Space and our Solar System and sharing what you learn?
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Then we need YOU in our School Day Tours Team! All training is provided! You just need enthusiasm, be able to communicate with children and be available during school hours.
Find out more by clicking below
Image
Do you
Join our School Day Tours Team
Credits: Matt Woods
Beryl’s love of talking to people, sharing stories and the beautiful night sky soon had her joining the Night Sky Tours as a Till Operator and general helper, but she didn’t stop there! Beryl is also a Museum Guide for Sunday Guided Day Tours, is writing a booklet on meteorite craters and helps with general administration when anyone needs a Berylhand.obviously
thought she wasn’t busy enough, so has just started creating beautiful stained-glass stars for sale in our AstroShop. Her range of “Stars in Your Eyes” will be available soon.
Thank you, Beryl. Your kindness to all and willingness to help in so many ways is always appreciated – and I’ll treasure your first practice star.
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Beryl Keaughran began her volunteering with us as a Gatekeeper of the Universe in September 2019. She had recently retired from being a security guard at the casino, and whilst she was a Gatekeeper, we (the staff) enjoyed watching her trying to use those security skills to gently coerce the kangaroos to stop eating the roses at the front of the building. Needless to say those troublemakers have made it their mission to avoid all attempts to keep them from their beloved roses.
I am always amazed at how talented our volunteers are and the many different things that they do.
Busy Beryl –Stars in Your ByEyesJulieMatthews
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Led by C.A Chant from Toronto University, Director Campbell of the Lick Observatory, A.D Ross of UWA, and C. S Nossiter of the Perth Observatory, the 1922 Wallal Expedition commenced from Perth on 20th August 1922, and arrived at Wallal Beach (more commonly known as Eighty Mile Beach) on 30th August. Travelling conditions were tough, with the sun bearing
The 1922 Wallal Solar Eclipse Expedition
Little did they know that very expedition would be one of the most significant moments in scientific history.
There have been many total solar eclipses around the world to this date. Each time, the moon completely blocks the sun’s light, plunging a specific destination on our planet into darkness in a period known as totality. Scientists flock to these destinations in the hope of observing the notorious shadow bands, a phenomenon of light that happens just moments before and after totality. In the past, there have been many expeditions to witness total solar eclipses, and in extension to witness the theory of relativity take place. Perhaps the most widely known expedition was May 29, 1919, when the first test for Einstein’s theory took place.
With this, we go back to the year of the solar eclipse that changed the course of science forever, 1922. A dedicated team at the Perth Observatory works tirelessly to calculate the exact coordinates of this event. Finally, they pinpoint the total solar eclipse to Wallal, a location between Broome and Port Hedland. A place so rural that all they have is a cattle station and a telegraph station. Word spreads like wildfire, and soon parties from all over the world venture to Western Australia for the expedition of a lifetime.
History Matters
By Lilia Bradley
In 1915 Einstien proposed his Theory of General Relativity, this theory explains how space and time are intertwined in a concept known as space-time, which is warped by massive objects. It’s a theory that is widely accepted by humanity, yet only minority know exactly how – and when – this theory was tested. Einstein proposed three proofs for his theory, with one only being able to be performed during a solar eclipse.
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down on the travelers, and sand and flies being a major problem. Donkeys had to haul telescopes and cameras through the desert to the station. Even when they arrived, the struggle only just begun. The parties had to set up camp and put together their disassembled equipment, making sure they were perfectly aligned to the sun as well as protecting them from the elements.
The Lick Observatory party even managed to secure 3 photographic plates of the eclipse, which were passed on to Broome for further analysis.
Now, in his theory, Einstein initially proposed that the deflection of light around the sun was 1.75 seconds, and thanks to the observations and plates taken on the 21st September 1922, the deflection of light was, in fact, 1.74 seconds, matching the Theory of Relativity and proving its place as a significant event in history.
Hard work pays off in the end. The big date came by, and the astronomers took their places beside their equipment, including the Perth Observatory’s own Calver Telescope (of which I have the pleasure of positioning as a Perth Observatory volunteer). Thanks to the Observatory’s extremely precise coordinates and time keeping, the scientists were in ‘most ideal place on Earth to see the eclipse’, and it definitely showed. With perfect weather and viewing conditions, the eclipse was a sight to behold, especially the infamous shadow bands.
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AustraliaWesternofArchivesStateCredit:Imagecamera.5-footObservatory’sLickthroughsuntheobservingTrumplerDr.
They were faint, thrilling,ghost-like but definite enoughfor me to be sure that I hadseen the shadow bands
- Jean L. Chant, member of the Canadian party.
This is an image taken and developed of the 1922 observations. The dots are stars before totality, with the closest dot on their right being the stars after. The time between the 2 was 1.74 seconds.
If they did not, the whole GPS system would collapse, which also ruins the world’s military, as nuclear missiles and submarine turbines depend on GPS. On a much larger scale, the existence of black holes can be predicted using deflection, allowing us to maneuver around the solar system safely. The whole field of physics and even chemistry and biology would take a massive blow. Therefore, in 1922, when the theory of relativity was shown to be accurate at Wallal by the extremely accurate measurements and observations, science as we know it changed forever.
To fully understand the significance of confirming that Einstein’s theory of relativity really works, all we need is to see the impact that this theory made and continues making to every part of our life as we know it. While, at first glance, relativity doesn’t seem to have any practical implications, it’s all around us – we just don’t see it. Due to special relativity, facts are now no longer absolute but dependent on your individual viewpoint, nuclear energy has become a major energy source and satellites have to adjust their time by about 38 microseconds per day.
It is to be remembered that even the maximum possible deflection of 1.75 seconds of arc corresponds to a displacement of only l-2000th of an inch on the plates of the 5ft. cameras, or to 3-2000ths of an inch in the caseof the 15ft. camera. As the actual measurements had tobe carried out on stars at some distance from the Sun'sedge, the actual displacements of the observed stars rangedfrom about half down to less than one-tenth of the aboveamounts. These figures will illustrate the extraordinary accuracy obtained in the investigations
- A.D Ross of UWA on the extreme accuracy of the observations during 1922 eclipse.
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CruzSantaUCLibrary,UniversityCredit:ImageTelescope.FloydtheatCampbellElizabeth
The 1922 Wallal Eclipse actually has personal connections to me. As a volunteer at the Perth Observatory, the implications of his theory are all around me. The very photometer and photographic plates from this expedition are held safely in the Observatory’s museum – and part of my job as a museum guide is to inform people about the significance of these beautiful items. The Calver telescope used to make observations of the eclipse still stands strong and is used to educate the public about the beauties of space through viewing celestial objects. And, of course, the Lowell and Astrographic Telescopes, used in the past for research that could only be performed with the assurance that the Theory of Relativity is true.
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The planets have arrived!!!
Pick your favourite planet in our AstroShop and take them home today! EDITIONSPRING202221PAGE
We are happy to welcome our latest bunch of Night Sky Trainees to the Perth Observatory Volunteer Group. 19 amazing people have been offered places in our Introductory Training Course which begins in September.
Training includes some revamped presentations and practical training for 4 weeks, before they continue at their own pace being mentored during tours.
A new intake for Night Sky Tours
Our next intake for Night Sky Tours will be in March 2023, but we are always looking for help for our daytime volunteering roles like Reception and School Day Tours.
Keeping Up With The Volunteers
We also offer all our volunteer’s access to inspiring talks on the first and third Monday evening of each month presented by a wide range of speakers. Some of the topics we’ve covered so far are Searching for the Milky Way’s Twin, Female Computers, how to catch a Meteorite, and Mars Probes and Rovers. These talks are available to our volunteers live and through MS Teams.
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By Julie Matthews
these Trojan asteroids. LUCY is on a twelveyear journey to eight different asteroids, with Patroclus and Menoetius being visited in This2033.was the third occultation and the more important out of four occultations that occurred over Australia in twenty-nine days. The reason for it being more important was that across one path the width of Shark Bay, you could record both occultations of Patroclus and Menoetius without having separate teams in different locations, unlike the other three occultations where the occultation paths for Patroclus and Menoetius were separated by hundreds of kilometres. These two occultations were to occur at 8 minutes past midnight on the 23rd of July with Patroclus’s occultation lasting 8.8 seconds and Menoetius’s occultation lasting 8.4 seconds.
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Helping NASA’s LUCY
In late June, I took a phone call that allowed me to fulfil one of my greatest wishes. That wish was to help do research for NASA. To be honest, I had given up on that dream. Going through school, mathematics wasn’t really my strong suit. While I loved space and astronomy, I couldn’t see a path for me to become an astronomer, for some reason as much as I tried and studied, I just couldn’t do the mathematical equations that were Onnecessary.the22nd of June I took a call from Kosta Servis from Curtin University, he told me that he and Dr Hadrien Devillepoix from Curtin’s Desert Fireball Network were going to go up to Shark Bay in late July to record the occultation of the binary asteroids Patroclus and Menoetius for NASA’s LUCY Mission and were needing to borrow a telescope. Occultations occur when an object passes across the line of sight between an observer and another object. In this case, Patroclus and Menoetius were going to pass in front of a star called UCAC4-224-161658.
As I began talking to Kosta, I got into an email conversation with Dr Mark Buie from the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. Marc is an amazing astronomer who has discovered over 950 asteroids and worked on the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, where he discovered Pluto’s moons Nix and Hydra, as well as discovering the Kuiper Belt object 486958 Arrokoth which the New Horizons spacecraft would visit after Pluto. He and his team were coming to Australia to record all four of these occultations for the Lucy mission and was looking for a place to store their equipment as there was a two-week break between the second and third series of occultations. we said we’d love to help them out and they could store the gear at the Observatory I also mentioned that I was working with Kosta and Hadrian. Once Marc was in town, we caught up at Core Cider near the Observatory and we decided to work together.
I said to Kosta, that we would be more than happy to help them by lending them one of our Celestron CPC 1100 telescopes and let them know that we had a second CPC 1100 telescope and if they didn’t mind, I’d love to come and help record the occultation, to which they said yes. Recording the occultation is important to NASA’s LUCY mission as this is the first space mission to explore a population of asteroids known as the Trojans. The Trojans are outer Solar System asteroids that orbit the Sun “in front of” and “behind” the gas giant Jupiter. By recording these occultations, we can work out not only the shape of these asteroids that LUCY is going to visit, but also work out their mass and shape which will allow the LUCY team to plan out the fly-bys of some of
ByMissionMattWoods
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point, that’s when the poo hit the fan. Hadrian was using a different CCD camera to Kosta and me which was lent to him by Marc Buie’s team. That CCD camera was a QHY 174 GPS camera which records the GPS and time stamps in each of the image’s metadata. Time stamping is very important when it comes to working out the shape of both asteroids from this occultation. Because everyone is spaced out roughly 12 kilometres apart, they will see the occultation start and finish slightly differently, which allows us to work out the shape of the asteroid, but everyone must be using the correct time. Unfortunately, the ZWO CCD camera Kosta and I were using didn’t have a GPS module to it so we had a GPS device that had an LED light that would flash on the minute attached to the top of the telescope.
Over the next two weeks, equipment was assembled and tested with no help from the cloudy weather, and camping gear was gathered as we were going to be camping all the way. Our ride up to Shark Bay was the mighty mare called Rhonda, a Toyota Land Cruiser. We left Perth on Wednesday the 20th of July and stayed at campsites near the Murchison River and up at Big Lagoon near Denham at Shark Bay. At Big Lagoon we were able to do a final test and thankfully we did as we worked out a few bugs in our plans that hadn’t arisen in the previous testing. On Friday afternoon we drove to Whale Bone Point which was going to be our campsite for the night and the location of the telescope that Hadrian was going to run. Once we’d had dinner and helped Hadrian set up his telescope, Kosta and I got into Rhonda and drove 20 kilometres North to Eagle Bluff Lookout which is the location where Kosta and I would record the occultations. Set up went well and we were tracking the star for 3 1/2 hours before we needed to do the final
Our locations for the occultations. Image Credit: Google Maps
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In our final test, we found out that the GPS device was faulty, and the LED light was not flashing so we weren’t getting keyframes (Images that are brighter due to the flash from the LED) at the start of every minute.
The Mighty Mare Rhonda. Image Credit: Matt Woods
The path of the occultations. Image Credit: Google Maps
AtTest.that
Kosta (Left) & Hadrien (Right). Image Credit: Matt Woods
Patroclus’s location just before its occultation. Image Credit: Dr Hadrien Devillepoix
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We drove back to the campsite dejected as we thought we’d failed but we were glad, as Hadrian was able to record both occultations, so we had our celebratory drinks and did a bit of astrophotography. After a very late start to the morning, we started to make our way back to Perth. Hadrian took the chance to check Kosta and my data that we’d recorded and to our massive relief, we had recorded both occultations and the keyframes were working so the data that we had collected was usable. We also found out the cloud had covered our field of view only one or two seconds after the second occultation had
That meant we had to carefully remove the dew shield from the top of the telescope, and by the time we had got the new GPS device attached, the telescope’s corrector plate had completely dewed inside. We’re in deep trouble here because it was now only 15 minutes until the occultations, and we had to remove that dew which we’re able to do in about 7 minutes with a hair dryer on its lowest setting hooked up to Rhonda.
Whenfinished.we
got to Geraldton we stopped off at the motel where mark and his team had checked into and dropped off our data to him. Marc had already started inputting the data that his team had collected into a plotting program, so we were able to see some of the shapes of Patroclus and Menoetius. Patroclus looks like a rugby or AFL football, while Menoetius looks absolutely beaten up so it’s a good thing, we’re sending a spacecraft out to see what they really look like. Mark also let us know that they’ll be writing a paper on these occultations and that we would be co-authors on that paper which I couldn’t believe but was so thankful for. As we left Marc, we all promised to stay alive to at least 2033 so we can see these two asteroids up close, and we continued the journey back home. It was a great trip to be on and I’m so glad that I was not only able to complete one of my dreams, but I also was able to make a few more friends.
Once the telescope was ready again for the occultation, I sat down at my laptop and couldn’t believe the sight that greeted me where there was once a U-shaped pattern of stars smack bang in the middle of my screen, we had a completely different field of view now. In the attempt to fix the GPS device and remove the dew, we accidentally knocked the telescope out of position, and I spent right up to the point of needing to press the record button trying to find the star we needed to track. As I pressed the record button, I felt so dejected as the last few weeks, I had been so worried that I might be the one that stopped us from successfully recording these occultations and my worst nightmare had seemed to come true, I just wasn’t sure that I’d got the star back into the view of our camera.
To make matters even worse, at the end of the second occultation, one lone giant cloud started to move over the patch of sky where the telescope was pointed. We couldn’t believe it the rest of the sky was completely clear, but this one cloud had to try and ruin our fun.
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Our star adoption program provides a unique gift and is a way to recognise a family member or friend through the adoption of a star. All available stars in the program are between the magnitudes -1 and 4.9 (visible to the naked eye) or 5.0 and 7.9 (visible in binoculars), all in the Southern Hemisphere. The individual star adoption package includes:
A certificate (suitable for framing) with star name and coordinates, and the duration and purpose of the adoption.
Please note: Perth Observatory’s Star Adoption program doesn’t offer international nam ing rights to the star as there are no internationally recognised naming rights to the stars. The program is run by the Perth Observatory Volunteer Group Inc, and the income goes towards the Observatory’s not for profit, public outreach program.
Private star viewing night for the recipient and 3 guests within 12 months that include several other seasonal objects and will be scheduled when your chosen star is available at a suitable time for viewing
A planisphere (a device to show what constellations and stars are in the sky at any time)
Image Credit: Matt Woods
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Star Adoption Tours
Star charts and coordinates showing where the star is located in the night sky, as well as being shown how to use these at the star viewing night
Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness Movie Review
Elizabeth Olson as the Scarlet Witch is truly superb. Breathtakingly beautiful, scary, broken and oh so much love and pain - an award-winning performance. Benedict Cumberbatch as Dr Stephen Strange is as always devilishly good with a strong and often humorous performance. I thoroughly recommend this movie. It does a great job of tying the many movies and tv series together and leaves you gasping for more.
Rating: 9/10
By Julie Matthews
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My head is spinning. I’ve just enjoyed Marvel’s Dr Strange Multiverse of Madness and hope that I’m back in my right universe. We are talking impressive CGI, visuals, effects, music and cinematography that transports you from world to world in a dizzying, twisting, mild altering series of mesmerizing fight sequences. It’s got humour, horror and a ton of surprises to keep you riveted. Multiverse of Madness is the latest in the huge Marvel franchise and explores stories that the comics fans will love.
The character of Wanda Maximoff (the Scarlet Witch) dominates the story as she tries to leave her universe due to her heartbreak over losing her loved ones (in a previous movie and the TV series Wanda Vision). Her actions pull Dr Strange into the story and when he finds out what she’s up to, he has to put his friendship aside and stop her.
By Matt Woods
Jupiter and Saturn dominate the night sky this month. Jupiter can be found throughout the night in between the constellations of Cetus (The Sea Monster) and Pisces (The Fish). Saturn can be found in the evening sky in the constellation of Capricornus (The Sea-Goat), and it’s setting in the early morning. Uranus is rising in the early morning in between the constellations of Aries (The Ram) and Taurus. Neptune is near Jupiter again in October. It can be located, in between the constellations of Pisces, Cetus, and Aquarius (The Water Bearer).
Mars, and Uranus on the 15/10/22 at 03:00 am. Image Credit: Stellarium
Mercury’s greatest elongation in the West on the morning of 09/10/2022. Image Credit: Stellarium
What’s In October’s Skies
Planets:
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Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune on the 15/10/22 at 08:00 pm. Image Credit: Stellarium
Mercury can be found throughout October extremely low in the East, just before sunrise. It can be found in the constellation of Virgo (The Virgin), and on the 9th of August, it’ll reach its greatest elongation in the West and starts its journey back towards the Sun’s glare. This journey will end halfway through the month as it enters that glare. Mars can be found in the constellation Taurus (The Bull) between the bull’s two horns in the middle of the night.
The source of the Southern Taurids is Comet 2P/ Encke which is a periodic comet that completes an orbit of the Sun once every 3.3 years. Like Halley’s Comet, it is unusual in its being named after the calculator of its orbit rather than its discoverer. Encke was first recorded by Pierre Méchain on the 17th of January 1786, but it was not recognized as a periodic comet until 1819 when Johann Franz Encke computed its orbit.
The Southern Taurid Meteor Shower:
The Orionids meteor shower has been observed for at least 200 years now, and they’re caused by The Earth flying through the debris left over from Comet Halley’s tail. They’ll appear to be coming from the Orion constellation which is where the meteor shower gets its name from.
The Southern Taurid Meteor Shower on the 11/10/22 at 00:00 am. Image Credit: Stellarium
Astronomical Events:
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The Southern Taurid Meteor Shower. Image Credit & Copyright: Getty Comet 2P/Encke. Image Credit & Copyright: D. Peach
The Southern Taurid meteor shower will be active from the 10th of September to the 20th of November, and the peak is expected to be on the night of the 10th/11th of October. It’s best to go out around 01:00 am (AWST) as the radiant point of the Southern Taurids will be at its highest point in the North. In 2022, the Southern Taurids are expected to produce around 3 meteors per hour as the Moon will be one day past the Full Moon so there’ll be a lot of light pollution from it.
The Orionids Meteor Shower:
The debris field started hitting the Earth around the 2nd of October and it’ll finish up towards the 7th of November. The meteor shower will peak on the night of the 21st/22nd of October, and you should expect to see up to 10 meteors per hour in dark skies this year as the Moon is near the New Moon phase and it won’t affect how many we’ll see. The best time to view the Orionids is around 02:00 am (AWST).
The Orionids on the 22/10/22 at 02:00 am. Image Credit: Stellarium
October’s Partial Solar Eclipse viewing map. Image Credit & Copyright: timeanddate.com
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Comet Halley. Image Credit & Copyright: NASA
On Tuesday the 25th of October, the Moon will pass between the Earth and Sun and will cause a Partial Solar Eclipse for most of Europe, Northern Africa, the Middle East, and western parts of Asia. This Partial Solar Eclipse, the last solar eclipse of 2022, will start at 04:58 pm (AWST) and ends at 09:02 pm (AWST). The eclipse reaches its maximum eclipse at 07:00 pm (AWST).
A composite of the Orionids meteor shower. Image Credit & Copyright: Slooh Observatory
If you do get up at those ungodly hours to look at the meteor shower, you need to look directly east around midnight and then towards the North as it gets closer to sunrise.
Our friends at TimeandDate.com will be live streaming the eclipse so we won’t miss out. To watch the live stream, you can click here.
Types of Solar Eclipses. Image Credit & Copyright: TimeandDate.com
Partial solar eclipses happen when the Moon comes between the Sun and Earth, but the Moon only partially covers the Sun’s disk.
The Partial Solar Eclipse on the 21st August of 2017. Image Credit: Bill Ingalls
Partial Solar Eclipse:
The Cluster is 100 light-years across, with 83,000 stars associated with the cluster being around 12 billion years old. Messier 22 is easy to find. Visible to the naked eye in good conditions, the cluster lies only 2.5 degrees to the northeast of the star Kaus Borealis, the star that marks the top of the Teapot in Sagittarius. In binoculars, M22 appears as a faint patch of light. Small telescopes will resolve the brightest stars and larger instruments will reveal stars across the cluster.
M22 is receding from us at 149 km/s and two black holes were discovered and confirmed by the Chandra X-ray telescope in 2012. Their discovery suggests that there may be between 5 and 100 black holes within the cluster and that multiple black holes may exist in other clusters as well. The presence of black holes and their interaction with the stars of the cluster could explain the cluster’s unusually large central region. Messier 22 is also one of only four globular clusters that contain a planetary nebula. The only other globular listed in Messier’s catalogue known to have a planetary nebula is Messier 15, located in the constellation Pegasus.
Celestial Wonder To Look At This Month:
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The Great Sagittarius Cluster:
The Great Sagittarius Cluster on the 15/10/22 at 09:00 pm. Image Credit: Stellarium
Messier 22 (M22 & NGC 6656) is a globular cluster located near the Milky Way bulge, and it’s 10,600 light-years away from Earth. The tightly packed group of stars lies in the constellation Sagittarius (The Archer) and it’s one of the brightest globular clusters in the sky. It’s one of the first globular clusters to be studied, and it’s also one of the nearest globular clusters to our Solar System, with only Messier 4 being closer.
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Total Lunar Eclipse:
Mercury will reappear close to Venus in the last week of November in between the constellations of Scorpius (The Scorpion) and Ophiuchus (The Serpent-Bearer) a few days later. Venus also reappears in the evening in November. Similar to Mercury, it’s low in the South West just after the middle of November, and moves from the constellation of Scorpius into the constellation of Ophiuchus after a few days. Mars can still be found in the constellation Taurus (The Bull) between the bull’s two horns in the middle of the night.
This is the final eclipse for 2022, and the eclipse starts in Perth with the Moon below the horizon at 04:02 pm (AWST), and the Moon will still be below the horizon when totality begins at 6:16 pm (AWST). The Moon rises at 6:43 pm (AWST), 16 minutes before the eclipse reaches its maximum eclipse, and totality ends at 7:41 pm. The second partial phase of the eclipse will finish at 08:49 pm (AWST), and the eclipse will end at 9:56 pm (AWST).
What’s In November’s Skies
Mars, and Uranus on the 15/11/22 at 11:00 pm. Image Credit: Stellarium
On Tuesday the 8th of November, a Total Lunar Eclipse will occur for us here in Perth, the rest of Australia and New Zealand, The Arctic, Asia, and both North and Central Americas. Antarctica, Central Asia, North East Europe, and much of South America will experience either a Partial Lunar Eclipse or Penumbral Lunar Eclipse. From our point of view here in Perth, the Moon passes into Earth’s inner shadow (Called the Umbra). When the Moon is completely in the Earth’s inner shadow, it turns blood orange due to Rayleigh Scattering.
Planets:
Jupiter can be found throughout the night in between the constellations of Cetus (The Sea Monster) and Pisces (The Fish). Saturn can be found in the evening sky in the constellation of Capricornus (The Sea-Goat) and its sets halfway through the night. Uranus can be found in between the constellations of Aries (The Ram) and Taurus. Neptune is near Jupiter again in November. It can be located, in between the constellations of Pisces, Cetus, and Aquarius (The Water Bearer).
Astronomical Events:
By Matt Woods
Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune on the 15/11/22 at 07:45 pm. Image Credit: Stellarium
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The Northern Taurid Meteor Shower:
Northern Taurid Meteor Shower. Image Credit & Copyright: Sebastien Joly
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The Northern Taurid meteor shower will be active from the 20th of November to the 10th of December, and the peak is expected to be on the night of the 12th/13th of November. It’s best to go out around 02:00 am (AWST) as the radiant point of the Northern Taurids will be at its highest point in the North. In 2022, the Northern Taurids are expected to produce around 2 meteors per hour as the Moon will be four days past the Full Moon so there’ll be a lot of light pollution from it.
Total Lunar Eclipse viewing map. Image Credit & Copyright: timeanddate.com
The source of the Northern Taurids is the asteroid 2004 TG10. It’s an eccentric asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It was first observed by the Spacewatch survey on 8th of November 2004, and it may be larger than one kilometre in diameter. Asteroid 2004 TG10 may be a fragment of Comet Encke and is also the source of June’s Beta Taurids which is a minor shower.
The Leonids Meteor Shower:
A Total Lunar Eclipse.
The Leonids meteor shower will be active from the 6th of November to the 30th of November, and the peak is expected to be on the night of the 17th/18th of November. You’ll have to go out around 03:00 am (AWST) to before sunrise as the radiant point of the Leonids is in the Leo Constellation and it rises in the early morning. In 2022, the Leonids are expected to produce around 7 meteors per hour as the Moon will nearly be a Waxing Crescent so there’ll be a bit of light pollution from it.
The Leonid meteors strike the Earth at 71 km/s and produce many fireballs. The source of the Leonids is Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle and they’re prone to provide amazing outbursts once every
Image Credit & Copyright: Roger Groom
Northern Taurid Meteor Shower on the 18/11/22 at 04:00 am. Image Credit: Stellarium
Southern Beehive Cluster on the 15/11/22 at 09:00 pm. Image Credit: Stellarium
Celestial Wonder To Look At This Month:
Leonid Meteor Shower on the 18/11/22 at 04:00 am. Image Credit: Stellarium
The Southern Beehive Cluster:
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French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille discovered it in 1751, using a ½-inch refractor. That may not seem like a large scope, but such an instrument gathers 3.3 times as much light as a fully dark-adapted human eye.
The Southern Beehive Cluster (NGC 2516) also known as the Diamond Cluster or the Sprinter Cluster, is an open star cluster in the southern constellation Carina (The Keel). Amateur astronomers refer to it as the Southern Beehive Cluster because of its resemblance to the Beehive Cluster (M44). It lies around 1,300 lightyears away from Earth and it’s 66 light-years across. The cluster contains more than 100 stars which are estimated to be between 110 million and 135 million years old.
Leonid Meteor Shower. Image Credit & Copyright: Jimmy Westlake
33 years. We’re now past the midway point from the 1998 – 1999 outburst years and the next predicted ‘Leonid meteor storm’ is set for 2032 – 2033.
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Mercury’sStellariumgreatest
By Matt Woods
All the planets are visible in the evening sky in December. Mercury and Venus start December in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent-Bearer) and move into the constellation of Sagittarius (The Archer) in the first full week of the month, and that’s where they’ll be for the rest of the month. Mars can be found in the constellation of Taurus (The Bull) during December. On the 8th of December, it’ll be at opposition, so it’s a great time to go out with a telescope and look at JupiterMars.can be found throughout the night in between the constellations of Cetus (The Sea Monster) and Pisces (The Fish). Saturn can be found in the evening sky in the constellation of Capricornus (The Sea-Goat) and its sets in the evening. Uranus can be found in between the constellations of Aries (The Ram), Cetus, and Taurus. Neptune is near Jupiter again in December. It can be located, in between the constellations of Pisces, Cetus, and Aquarius (The Water Bearer).
elongation in the East on the evening of 21/12/2022. Image Credit: Stellarium
Planets:
Mars, and Uranus on the 15/12/22 at 10:00 pm. Image Credit: Stellarium
What’s In December’s Skies
Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune on the 15/12/22 at 08:00 pm. Image Credit:
Astronomical Events:
Geminids Meteor Shower on the 15/12/22 at 02:00 am. Image Credit: Stellarium
2012 Geminids taken from Perth Observatory. Image Credit & Copyright: Roger Groom
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The Geminids are THE meteor shower to see in the southern hemisphere and on the night of the 14th/15th of December, they’ll reach their peak. The shower is active for just over two weeks from the 4th of December to the 20th of December. You should be able to see 50 meteors per hour in dark locations around Western Australia, and the best time to see them is around 2:30 am (AWST). The Moon will be around the last quarter phase, so we’ll be dealing with some light pollution in the second half of the night from 11:17 pm (AWST) onwards.
The December Solstice:
Image Credit & Copyright: timeanddate.com
The meteor shower appears to come from the Gemini constellation with the streaks being caused by tiny dust particulars and meteors hitting our atmosphere at tremendous speed and burning up due to the friction. The Geminids were first discovered in 1862 and they occur because The Earth is travelling through the left-over material from the tail of the asteroid 3200 Phaethon, this asteroid is considered a rock comet which is an asteroid that shares some of the characteristics with a comet including a comet tail and it has surface jets. The Gemini Constellation after which the meteor shower is named appears in our sky around 10:00 pm so it’s best to go out and watch for them after midnight when Gemini is higher in the sky as the shower gets better throughout the night.
The December Solstice occurs on Tuesday the 22nd of December at 5:47 am (AWST). This marks the beginning of astronomical summer for the southern hemisphere and the start of winter for the northern hemisphere. This is an exact moment when the Sun’s declination equals 23.5 degrees south as seen from the Earth. The line of latitude where the Sun passes directly overhead during the December solstice is known as the Tropic of Capricorn, although in modern times, the Sun is in the astronomical constellation of Sagittarius in mid-December, thanks to precession.
The Geminids Meteor Shower:
In the 21st century, the December solstice will occur on the 21st and the 22nd of December until 2043 and will start occasionally occurring on the 20th of December in Equinoxes2080.andSolstices.
Celestial Wonder To Look At This Month:
The Rosette Nebula on the 15/12/22 at 09:00 pm. Image Credit: Stellarium
The Rosette Nebula (NGC 2244) is an HII nebula located near one end of a giant molecular cloud in the constellation of Monoceros (The Unicorn) region of the Milky Way Galaxy. It also has an open cluster with these 2500 young stars being formed from the nebula’s matter. It’s hard to see the Rosette visually, even in large telescopes, the nebula is an excellent photographic target, and the cluster is a superb sight
The Rosette Nebula:
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The December solstice means the southern rotational pole of the Earth is tipped towards the Sun and will now begin its long apparent journey northward again until June. The wobble of Earth’s axis known as the Precession of the Equinoxes takes about 26,000 years to complete one ’wobble.’ Live out an average 72-year life span, and the equinoctial points will have moved one degree (about twice the diameter of a Full Moon).
On the 16th of April 2019, the Oklahoma Legislature passed HB1292 making the Rosette Nebula the official state astronomical object. Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt signed it into law on the 22nd of April 2019.
The cluster and nebula lie 5,000 light-years from Earth, and it measures roughly 130 light-years in diameter. The radiation from the young stars excites the atoms in the nebula, causing them to emit radiation like a neon sign and this produces the emission nebula we see. The mass of the nebula is estimated to be around 10,000 solar masses. Most of the ongoing star-formation activity is occurring in the dense molecular cloud to the South East of the bubble.
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Learn more about Perth Observatory with stories from Mt Eliza (1896 to 1965), our move to Bickley in 1966 and what we’ve done since then. Step back in time in our museum and tour the Meridian, Astrograph & Calver Telescopes. Be enchanted with Worl Wangkiny and discover what we are doing now with the Lowell, RCOP and Obsession Telescopes.
Sunday Day Tours
Sundays are perfect to take family and friends sightseeing on a beautiful drive through the Bickley Valley for a special Guided Day Tour of the Perth Observatory.
Solar Experience Tour
See our Collins Sundial and learn how it works and what an analemma is. View the Sun safely through our Coronado Solar Telescope (If the weather permits) and be amazed at how sunspots and coronal mass ejections are created and how they cause the auroras here on Earth. Also, find out cool facts about the Sun and the space probes that are helping us learn more about it
Learn about the timekeeping the Perth Observatory did and why it was so important. Discover how photos were taken of the night sky and how they are taken today. Touch the Mundrabilla Meteorite and find out what meteors are.
Come up and see a jewel in the state’s history. See why the Observatory was so important to help the growth of WA and maybe see some Kangaroos as well. We’ll be doing guided site tours of the Observatory and solar experience tours at 1:30 pm, 2 pm, 2:30 pm and 3 pm.
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Guided Site Tour
Museum Tour
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LookQuickIn Astroshop!The
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SUPPORT PERTH OBSERVATORY CONTAINERS FOR CHANGE
Help Perth Observatory through the Containers for Change scheme. Please take glass, plastic, aluminium, steel and paper-based cartons between 150mL and 3L to your local refund depot, and use the Perth Observatory (Scheme ID: POVGC10424615).willreceive 10 cents for each container. Save the ID on your phone for every time you recycle your containers. Find your local refund depot and get more info on what containers are eligible for refunds here: Can’t get to a refund centre? We have a dedicated and labelled bin on-site for you to add your clean container donations when you next visit the observatory. Our maintenance and accounts volunteer, Des, collects donated containers and takes them to the refund centre. Thank you for helping the POVG promote sustainable and environmentally conscious practices and diversifying ways for us to raise much-needed funds. Your help supports the continuing upkeep and running of Western Australia’s oldest observatory! containersforchange.com.au/wa 47PAGE2022SPRINGEDITION
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The Head Nebulae
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The Funny Side
Contact Us Perth Observatory 337 Walnut Road 6076 Bickley, WA (08) 9293 perthobservatory.com.aunewsletter@povg.org.au8255
