NLV Jul-Dec 2012 External (2013)

Oxfam in South Africa

NO LONGER VULNERABLE INTEGRATED PROGRAM REPORT March 2013

Table of Contents Guidance ..........................................................................................................................................................2 List of Acronyms ..............................................................................................................................................3 Program Manager’s Overview .........................................................................................................................5 Cross Affiliate Partnership .................................................................................................................................. 7 Partner Appraisal and Contracting ..................................................................................................................... 8 Phasing Out......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Internal Future Process....................................................................................................................................... 8 Changes in the External/National Context ......................................................................................................... 9 Section 1 – Program Context Analysis ...........................................................................................................11 Section 2 – Program Reporting ......................................................................................................................13 Where we Work ................................................................................................................................................ 13 Program at a glance .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Program Information ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Progress against Program Objectives ............................................................................................................... 17 Progress against Management Objectives ....................................................................................................... 25 Section 3 – Cross-cutting Issues.....................................................................................................................29 Gender .............................................................................................................................................................. 29 Active Citizenship .............................................................................................................................................. 29 Inclusiveness ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 APPENDIX 2: Partnership Satisfaction Survey Report ....................................................................................32 APPENDIX 3: Utilising the Integral Framework ..............................................................................................35 APPENDIX 4: Case Study ................................................................................................................................36 Extract from the November 2012 edition of the Woza Moya Newsletter ....................................................... 36 Blog from Whizzkids United written by the Health Academy Manager ........................................................... 37

Guidance This format has been designed to address reporting needs specific to the new integrated program in South Africa – No Longer Vulnerable. As such, it has been organised according to the new program framework around the three program objectives and three management objectives of the framework. It has also incorporated the formats of past program reports (for the Food Security Program, Child Social Protection Program and OHAP) with a view to minimising the disruption that a new reporting format can cause.

Cover Image: Gail, a consultant working with Save the Children KZN in the Wentworth Crèche program, outside a crèche supported by Save the Children KZN. © M Willman

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e |2 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

List of Acronyms DRR

Disaster Risk Reduction

ECD

Early Childhood Development

HCT

HIV Counselling and Testing

MEL

Monitoring Evaluation and Learning

NPO

Non-profit Organisation

OAU

Oxfam Australia

OCA

Oxfam Canada

OVC

Orphans and vulnerable children

SANAC South African National AIDS Council SMS

Single Management Structure

TB

Tuberculosis

TCB

Traditional Courts Bill

WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Image Page 4: Maryna from Fancy Stitch, in KwaZulu-Natal, shows a visitor the new water harvesting tanks. Š M Willman

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e |3 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e |4 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Program Manager’s Overview Our work can be described as running a marathon, but where a marathon has to end or reduce its pace, the program work has not slowed. An ambitious annual operational plan drives the work which sees to grant making and providing capacity building to partners which can be done either through a consultant or a partner provided with resources to give the technical support needed. The annual plan for this period included: the partner grants process; various workshops/events across the thematic areas of the program; documenting and learning through case studies, media and technological support; a Link and Learn event; the commissioning of a research piece done by HEARD that looked at understanding inequality in South Africa; and internal reflection and learning processes.

In particular the team has to working earnestly reflecting and engaging internally with the “No Longer Vulnerable1” framework. Momentum continued with program areas becoming more integrated internally and externally – both within current partnerships and between Oxfam affiliates.

In June 2012 a formative evaluation was conducted by consultant Scott Drimie to facilitate a redesign of the new framework, and better align the components of the program work. This provided a platform for the team to examine, engage with and confirm the direction to be taken by the program. The framework is based on the theory of change articulated by Aruna Rao and David Kelleher and described as the “integral framework”.2 The Durban office has begun using the integral framework as a tool in continuing to analyse the program work; focusing on the theory of change in order to apply “critical thinking to the design, implementation and evaluation of initiatives and programmes intended to support change in their contexts”.3 This process has also incorporated partners’ observations on the shift in approach. After six months of implementing the program “No Longer Vulnerable”, Oxfam partners completed narrative reports reflecting on how the new approach was being put into effect. These reports were reviewed by Oxfam staff and incorporated into a revised reporting format that reflects the integral framework and how this informs programs on the ground. Key to this process has been the development of a common understanding of the theory of change, as encapsulated by the integral framework. As part of this, Oxfam staff came together in a two-day workshop to review their understanding of the program and to draft a consolidated analysis based on the knowledge and work of the individual Oxfam partners4.

In reflection the team agreed that social change does not happen in a linear way; it is a multidimensional process. As such, the four quadrants depicted in the integral framework emphasise the need to work at many levels simultaneously in order to elicit long-term and sustainable change.

This highlighted the need to work both at an individual level with people in communities, as well as with the broader systems in which individuals are embedded – whether these are informal social 1

Oxfam Australia Program Framework for South Africa Rao, A & Kelleher, D. (2005), Gender and Development, Volume 13, No. 2, Mainstreaming a Critical Review, July 2005, pp. 57-69.

3 Vogel, I. (2012), Review of the use of “theory of change” in international development, Review Report, DfID, UK. 4 Scott Drimie (January 2013). Capacity Development Process for Oxfam staff: The “Integral Framework”.

2

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e |5 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

networks or formal institutional arrangements of laws and policies. The team focussed especially on ensuring that there was a broad consensus about the meaning of each quadrant. As each quadrant was interrogated, additional explanations was given to each to make it clearer as a lens used to describe and then analyse a program (as presented in Figure 2: Theory of Change).

The work on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) continued with exciting developments and momentum through the addition of urban DRR, expanding the program to respond to DRR issues in both urban and rural settings. Three of the current partners are integrating urban DRR; Sophakama, Project Empower (PE) and Refugee Social Services (RSS). Sophakama is operating in the Joe Slovo informal settlement in the Eastern Cape.

Their work includes efforts to create and strengthen ties with decision making structures in the community to ensure that the people in the settlement are represented when decisions are made.

Their interest in DRR emerged from confronting the effects of disasters, especially flooding and fires in the community. Sophakama has completed a community mapping and have started small DRR interventions. PE and RSS participated in a series of photographic workshops to look at themes such as ‘Water’, ‘Safety’ and ‘Home’. A selection of these images will be exhibited in Durban and shared at the up-coming Urban DRR event in February 2013. Another partner that came on board in this reporting period was Tholulwazi Uzivikele (TU) based in rural northern KwaZulu-Natal. In the past they have responded to small scale disasters in their communities and their work is also aimed at both community and local leaders/government.

Through the support of AusAid seven of our partners (Woza Moya, Fancy Stitch, MDIC, Save the Children KZN, Lima, OneVoice and Tholulwazi Uzivikele) are integrating all aspects of WASH into their programming. Woza Moya and Fancy Stitch are recognizing that access to water and sanitation is vital for the health and dignity of the communities they serve. Materials development of WASH issues has been taken up by two partner organisations, OneVoice and TREE (an organisation in Durban that focuses on Early Childhood Development - ECD). One Voice has integrated WASH material into their school curriculum/Manual – in which the focus has been around knowledge and skills around HIV/AIDS and TB – their work is strengthening/supplement the ‘Life Orientation curriculum’ that the schools teach; and TREE has incorporated WASH into the Early Childhood Development – curriculum/manual – so that practitioners’ can ensure that the Hygiene and Sanitation standards are being met by ECD Centres. TREE will be engaging with some of the partners to test

the WASH materials and train the practitioners involved in the ECD sector. Partners are engaging and using technologies such as cell phones to collect vital information on the state of WASH services in households and schools. Throughout the partnership we are seeing a more organic movement of partners wanting to engage with issues of WASH. In continuing to ensure that that our processes and interventions are evidence based, time and energy was spent in developing the “South African HIV and AIDS Program Result Framework and Risk Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e |6 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Analysis” to start looking at the intended impact in reducing the incidences of HIV and AIDS, and measuring the changes. This was developed for Irish Aid and is to be expanded for more general use in the program. The program will use this “result framework” as the analytic tool that will allow us to show impact of the work being done through the various partnerships in response to HIV and AIDS. The framework will also be revised to be more specific in the light of work completed in the past six months. One of the means of verification that the program will use to monitor the shift happening in the HIV arena will be the HIV and Syphilis National Antenatal Prevalence Survey5. Thus, the new result framework sees an essential strengthening of the program’s MEL unit.

Cross Affiliate Partnership In this reporting period we have seen the first sign up of a partner between OCA and OAU. The partner Women on Farm Project (WFP) was given a grant for the period July 2012 to June 2013. WFP is based in Stellenbosch in the Western Cape, which is the province with the highest concentration of farm workers in South Africa and the source for 70% of all wine exports from South Africa. WFP operate in the concentrated agricultural heartland of the Cape Winelands and Overberg District Municipalities of the Western Cape, and their work focuses on strengthening the capacity of women living and working on farms. The other partner that will be supported between these affiliates is Rape Crisis Cape Town Trust (RCCTT). RCCTT is the oldest women’s organisation in South Africa dealing with adult rape and has been a long-standing partner of Oxfam Canada since 1998. RCCTT provides a range of services, including a 24 hour helpline to survivors of rape; counselling and containment; court support; trainings; pre-trial consultation; training to members of the criminal justice system and advocacy efforts. Another cross-affiliate partner will be supported between OAU and Oxfam Italia (OIT), called Loaves and Fishes Network (LaFN); a non-profit organisation working in the Early Childhood Development sector, based in East London, which has been a partner of Oxfam Italia since 2008. Longer term funding for the next two and a half years will be discussed with the respective affiliates and OAU processes for initiating a partnership will be followed.

The work on Women’s Transformation Leadership (WTL) that began between OCA and OAU was reported on in the July 2011 to June 2012 annual report. This has been extended to include a followup learning and sharing exchange trip to Bangladesh, to happen towards the end of 2013. A very transparent process was followed to identify partners to participate in the exchange trip. Two OCA partners SWEAT and RCCTT, and Project Empower supported by OAU, will participate in this trip.

The diversity of skills amongst the affiliates in South Africa strengthens our programming and strategic thinking as an added value to our work. The pull of skills that each affiliate has is significantly valuable as OCA is strong on gender, OIT around working with local government and OGB around advocacy and campaigning. An example of such working together was the “Voices” learning event in November 2012. OGB was very active and facilitated sessions. Having the OGB partners at the event brought different topics and experiences to the debates. By bringing the different affiliates together we are able to reflect on both our work through new eyes but also to learn from the work of others. In turn, this creates a working space where we can not only strengthen our own work but also strengthen the work of all Oxfam’s working in South Africa.

5

Department of Health (2011). National Antenatal HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey in South Africa. http://health-e.org.za/documents/f0980fb5107a7ce543a8bd5730e52333.pdf Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e |7 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Partner Appraisal and Contracting Only one new partner, Women on Farms (previously funded under OCA) was appraised and contracted, and in total 42 partners were appraised and contracted during this reporting period.

Most of the partners in this new phase were appraised for three years but with a renewable yearly contract agreement, which is based on satisfactory compliance with OAU standards and requirements. The process of writing up appraisals was delayed as the template was new and different from what the team had used previously. For example, this time the template included adherence to OAU program policies and thus the team needed to track this over the phase to see how partners are adhering to the policies. The policies include: Child Protection, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Disability Inclusion and Environmental and Development. Though the process was heavy by November 2012, 100% of partners received their contracts and by December 2012, first tranches were paid to all partners.

The work on two policies in particular, Child Protection and Disability Inclusion, is within the timeline and still progressing well. Two partners were strategically contracted by OAU for these processes: RAPCAN and CREATE. For the Durban office focal people were chosen to ensure partners’ compliance, with Busi Ndlovu as the focal person for Child Protection and Nolucky Nxasana the focal person for Disability Inclusion. RAPCAN was contracted to provide coaching and mentoring to partners either telephonically or face-to-face and their support is seeing 18 partners involved in this process. CREATE is working with five partners to improve their knowledge and understanding on inclusion of people with disabilities. Their work also includes training two partners’ home based carers (Woza Moya and TU) in how to integrate disability into home based care. In addition their work will include assisting the Durban office to become disability-inclusive and to have appropriate tools to monitor disability inclusiveness with partners.

Phasing Out Referring to the last Oxfam HIV and AIDS Program annual report of July 2011 to June 2012 it was reported that a number of partners will be phased out. Reasons for phase out are contained in this report and they vary from one partner to another. Two of the partners, Umdoni and Vulamehlo HIV/AIDS Association (UVHAA) and St Bernards Hospice, that were offered the phase-out grant, declined to take the grant. Partners that were supported through the phase-out process over one year were Department of Social Responsibility, Moletsi Community Radio Station, Clermont Community Resource Centre and CINDI Network; and Keep the Dream 196 was phased out over a six month period which came to an end in December 2012. A close-out finance audit and program visit will be scheduled to all the partners to finalize the books.

Internal Future Process Since the introduction of Single Management Strategy (SMS) in 2010 and the attendant changes, and the Oxfam Australia country office beginning implementation of the new strategic framework “No Longer Vulnerable”, new ways of working have emerged. Joint work with other affiliates is beginning to gather momentum through task collaboration and through joint funding of partners.

The transfer of the OCA program to management by OAU has provided an opportunity to rethink the structuring of the OAU program work in South Africa. The proposed plan is to decentralise program management, move staff to different positions, create two new positions within the program and formalise the monitoring evaluating and learning (MEL) unit. Decentralising the program team will Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e |8 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

entail placing a program coordinator at OGB’s offices in Johannesburg with responsibility for partners in Limpopo province; one person at the OIT office in East London to be in charge of Eastern Cape partners; and another staff member at the OCA office in the Western Cape in addition to the team members focusing on KwaZulu Natal. The idea is to start ensuring that the strong program base in these provinces is reinforced, through building relationships and networks with government departments, universities or other learning institutions, influential individuals, other stakeholders and staff of other affiliates.

The work over the years has grown tremendously and now requires more systematic management.

This will be done by creating a MEL unit with a dedicated team that will work very closely with the program manager and program team. This unit is crucial for the program at this stage as its mandate will be to ensure that program work is documented well, systems are established, and the necessary tools are in place to collect data on changes and shifts in the program. The unit will also be tasked with the ongoing socialisation of these changes with the program team and partners. This step will ensure that we take into cognisance the issues of accountability and transparency to those that support our work. Negotiations with affiliates involved and head office will take place and it is hoped that this initiative can be realised in the new financial year beginning in July 2013.

In another important development, Oxfam will be embarking on a full scale Climate Change adaptation strategy, for which a contract has been entered into and work is underway. The work will be housed and managed at the Durban office. The project will have two components; a mapping of Climate Change adaptive capacity in South Africa, to help develop a broad understanding of work already underway or planned that would reduce vulnerability and improve adaptive capacity, and consultation and design to develop a strategy for Oxfam’s Climate Change Adaptation work in the country going forward. This process is led by a consultant Rehana Dada, assisted by Nicholas Molver, over a period of six months.

Changes in the External/National Context The socioeconomic outlook has stabilised around a relatively pessimistic view, one in which the impacts of the global financial crisis, heightened labour unrest and increasing youth unemployment dominate.6 The last quarter of the year was marked by significant industrial actions in the mining and agricultural sectors. These events brought into stark contrast not only the generalised levels of inequality that have become identifiers of South Africa society, but also the inequalities that exist between labour sectors within the working classes. While most analysts agree that demands (in particular the farm workers’ demands) are reasonable in relation to the cost of living, they are also forced to agree that compliance with these demands is not financially sustainable. The only solutions presented will inevitably lead to job cuts and increased unemployment.7 The strike actions also highlighted a number of concerns. The levels of violence in both of these industrial actions was extremely high, brought about in no small part by the actions of the South 6

This contextual overview draws on the analysis in the South Africa Country Program Report for the period April 2012–January 2013, submitted to the Program Governance Group in March 2013.

7 See eg: Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (2012) http://bfap.co.za/documents/research%20reports/2012/BFAP%20farm%20sector%20determination%20report%20draft%2017%20Dec.PD F

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e |9 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

African Police Services and private security companies’ treatment of protesters. In the case of mineworkers, 10 people were killed by striking workers and a further 39 people were killed by police in what has come to be known as the Marikana Massacre. Large numbers of farm workers were assaulted (with at least three reported deaths) and in both instances certain areas were declared ‘no-go’ zones because of the violence. Farm workers also participated in several attacks on journalists who were seen to be sympathetic to the farmers; and the burning of vineyards and orchards was used and viewed by the workers as a legitimate destabilisation tactic. Another issue of great significance is the relative absence of women’s voices in the farm worker protests, given that women make up a large proportion of seasonal workers, and the strikes occurred during high season when most of these women would have been employed.

The invisible and unqualified impact of these actions include loss of income and consequent loss of food security for affected families; the loss of schooling days in instances where no-go areas are declared; the increases in incidence of gender based violence in conflict areas; the breakdown of community trust in democratic processes; and the long run impacts on community cohesion and solidarity as workers take sides in the disputes.

In national political developments, the ANC reinforced its support of the incumbent President by reelecting him to the leadership of the party at the ANC elective conference in Mangaung in December. The Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe, who had mounted a challenge for the leadership of the party, was ousted and replaced with ANC stalwart turned businessman, Cyril Ramaphosa. This move was welcomed by business but treated with some anxiety by the more left leaning sections of society who saw the election results as a further entrenchment of the relationship between the business sector and the State. This said, the period under review also saw a first of its kind alliance between the labour and business sectors to oppose the institution of a new electronic tolling system in Gauteng province. Through the combination of mass action and a court challenge the decision on tolling was successfully delayed to be reviewed by the courts in 2013.

A degree of panic was felt amongst South African Civil Society when (via an article by Dale T. Mckinley) attention was drawn to a new “Policy Framework on Non-Profit Organisations Law”, which had been formulated by the Department of Social Development apparently with minimal consultation and transparency, and included suggested amendments to the NPO Act (Act 71 of 1997). The Policy Framework was circulated in August 2012 at the NPO National Summit and a Ministerial Task Team made up of government and representatives of NPOs in attendance at the Summit was delegated to take forward its resolutions. An automated registration process for NPOs was also put into effect by the NPO Directorate, resulting in over 40 000 NPOs being deregistered.

Oxfam partners were amongst the organisations affected, and some partners had to physically go to the offices of the Department of Social Development in their local regions or in Johannesburg to rectify this. As a consequence of this unforeseen event, the Durban office has put into place a system that will check every year how many partners have complied with Department of Social Development requirements.

Image Page 12: A crèche supervisor outside a Save the Children KZN supported crèche in Mpumalanga, KZN © M Willman

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 10 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Section 1 – Program Context Analysis The Program report seeks to respond to an integrated framework where our main program themes: health; social protection; livelihoods; disaster risk reduction and water, hygiene and sanitation are treated as interconnected. The previous reporting period across different programs (OHAP, Food Security and Child Social Protection) saw partners expressing frustrations and challenges around poverty, inequality and poor service delivery. In this reporting period there was a shift in that civil society worked towards closing the gap. The program therefore despite articulated challenges saw communities deliberately working with government in and around social protection and health outcomes, to access information and make informed submissions to better service delivery.

Partners’ activities in this regard included attendance and participation at local AIDs Council meetings, and district health, crèche leaders’ and policing forums. The commitment indicates positive strides being made by civil society and contributes to reducing vulnerabilities among beneficiaries. Gender continues to be a primary consideration as most partners are mindful of the power imbalances informing relations between men and women, and the increased vulnerability associated with women’s economic and social standing. As a result partners continued to work with different role players in addressing gender inequality across all program objectives.

The 22nd round of the HIV and Syphilis National Antenatal Prevalence survey was conducted by the Department of Health in 2011. The results showed that nationally there was a slight drop in HIV prevalence from 29.5% to 0.7% amongst first timer pregnant women of ages 15–49. In the statistics for the provinces where our partners are based, KwaZulu-Natal has recorded a notable decrease; whereas Limpopo is showing a steady increase from 21.4% in 2009 to 22.1% in 2011. The HIV prevalence estimates projected in the general population (15–49) in the Eastern Cape was 16.0% in 2010 and 16.02% in 2011; and in the Western Cape prevalence was at 4.72% in 2010 and 4.75% in 2011. However, statistics by district show that Ugu and Mkhanyakude in KwaZulu-Natal are still recording high prevalence and the same applies to Buffalo City in the Eastern Cape. These statistics provide an important means to measure shifts relating to the work that partners are doing.

HIV and AIDS continue to have a negative effect on food supply to infected and affected households and in response agro-ecological farming has been embraced by communities due to the fact that most communities have been affected by the impacts of Climate Change. These impacts have included shortages of water in communities in rural areas, which result in minimal crop yields or in some instances no crop yields. Agro-ecological farming approaches promote biodiversity and water conservation to secure sufficient crops for vulnerable families. In addition to agro-ecological farming, water harvesting techniques such as the building of catchment dams and rain water harvesting from roof tops have improved water access for household use as well as improved crop production for a number of communities, as outlined in the report. The integration of projects on HIV and AIDS, food security and livelihoods, disaster risk reduction strategies as well as water and sanitation has seen a remarkable improvement in the livelihoods of communities who were faced with multi-faceted problems that had depleted their livelihoods options to the level of basic survival. Such as food gardens, communal farming, prevention and awareness programs and internationally recognised craft shops designed to ensure their effective participation in reducing vulnerability on multiple fronts.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 11 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

This also points to the need for integrated approaches that harness the strengths of different partnerships and stakeholders. Through the No Longer Vulnerable framework, Oxfam in South Africa recognises the need to support strategic and adaptive partnerships that respond to immediate community needs whilst also focusing on the socio-economic development agenda. Alternative approaches such as local advocacy initiatives and exchange visits used by different partners are providing leads for tackling both emerging and established challenges around health outcomes, livelihoods and food security as well as social protection

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 12 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Section 2 – Program Reporting

Where we Work: Limpopo

7

Total

42 KwaZulu-Natal

26 Eastern Cape Western Cape

5

4

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 13 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

4 Western Cape AIDS Legal Network (ALN) Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) Women on Farms Project (WFP) Resources Aimed at the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (RAPCAN)

5

7

26

Eastern Cape CATCH Projects

Limpopo CHoiCe Trust

KwaZulu-Natal Hluhluwe Advent Crèche (HAC)

Curt Warmberg “Haven Wellness Centre”

HIV/AIDS Prevention Group Bela Bela (HAPG)

Africaid Whizzkids UNITED (Africaid)

Department of Social Responsibility (DSR)

Keep the Dream 196

Biowatch South Africa

Sophakama Community Based Development, Care and Support Organisation

Moletsi Community Radio Station (MCRS)

Children in Distress Network (CINDI)

Wilderness Foundation South Africa (WFSA)

Palabora Foundation

Clermont Community Resource Centre (CCRC)

Thusanang Trust Vhutshilo Mountain School (VMS)

CREATE Fancy Stitch Farmers Support Group (FSG) Hillcrest AIDS Centre Trust (HACT) Isibane Sethemba (Isibane) Justice and Women (JAW) KwaMakhutha Community Resource Centre (KMCRC) KwaZulu Regional Christian Council (KRCC) Life Line Durban (Life Line) Maputaland Development and Information Centre (MDIC) LIMA One Voice South Africa (One Voice) Operation Upgrade (OpUp) Pietermaritzburg Agency for Community Social Action (PACSA) Pietermaritzburg Gay and Lesbian Network (PGLN) Project Empower (PE) Refugee Social Services (RSS) Save the Children KwaZulu-Natal (Save) Sinani (KwaZulu-Natal Programme for Survivors of Violence) Tholulwazi Uzivikele (TU) Woza Moya (WM)

4

5

7

26

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 14 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Program at a glance Grants disbursed to December 2012:

ZAR 5,299,309.101 No. of partners integrating DRR:

5

- Urban DRR : 3 - Rural DRR: 2

18 Beneficiary engagement activities: 26 671 No. of partners integrating WASH:

1This total is for One Program grant only and excludes

AACES and DRR grants to partners

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 15 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

No. of people assisted to access social security: 4 549 No. of youth participating in prevention programs: 59 897 No. of HCT sessions conducted: 2 885 No. of people initiating treatment: 2 458 No. of home based care visits conducted: 31 023 No. of hygiene & sanitation facilities installed: 544 No. of communities assisted to develop DRR programs: 7 No. of activities engaging formal institutions: 498 Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft Page 16: A women at Fancy Stitch embroidering a key ring for the online sales © M Willman P a Image g e | 16 Image Page 17: A child at a crèche in Limpopo. © C Frisone

Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Program Information In reference to page 15 and 16 of the report the statistics on “beneficiary engagement activities” are derived from workshops, educational and awareness raising meetings, home visits conducted to affected and needy households, and public meetings. Partners through their work have engaged with various formal institutions such as learning institutions; local, provincial and national Government departments; traditional leaders; church leaders and other civil society organisations and formations such as SANAC. In working with the one program framework the team’s reporting considers the four quadrants of change (reflected in partner activities engagements at these different levels) to assess progress against the three thematic focus areas/objectives: to improve health outcomes relating to HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis and water related infections and diseases; increase and sustain food security and livelihoods options available to households; and increase and uphold access to social protection/rights. Integration is clearly starting to take shape within our program, in particular through the disaster risk reduction and water sanitation and hygiene work.

Progress against Program Objectives 1. Improving health outcomes relating to HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis and water related infections and diseases Areas relating to the health outcome include a wide range of work, as this area covers access to essential treatment, comprehensive HIV prevention and care services, integrated comprehensive WASH, public engagement around sexual and reproductive health, access to and quality of essential health services and other issues affecting communities served. Almost 29 partners of the 42 funded partners’ responses draw on different approaches and activities so as to effect change within the health sector. Partners work to realise improvements in health outcomes for and through a number of groups. Children, women, youth, people infected and affected by HIV and AIDS, refugee communities, sex workers, farm workers and farmers are all impacted through engagement at various levels – individual, formal, systemic and informal.

Partners like CATCH, HACT, One Voice and WFSA continue to creatively engage youth in prevention programs that also integrate support and care. Through partners’ innovative approaches, young people are supported in a system that works to shift norms and practices: this includes recreational activities and outreach campaigns (including football tournaments, HCT events and motivational speeches at schools) and cultural and creative activities such as dancing, singing and participation in book clubs. Africaid’s Health Academy integrates Life Skills Football Training and Peer Education, in a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention with continuing support via the youth clinic. Through Africaid activities, youth who test HIV positive at HCT events are referred to psychosocial support and follow up visits are conducted.

An improved understanding of treatment adherence by both youth and adults on treatment has been noted during this reporting period. For example at Africaid there has been a 32% increase of young people receiving treatment through the Health Academy. 87% of young people who were defaulting are now adhering to treatment. The viral load8 among youth assisted has dropped from an average of 1 million copies to an average of 2000 copies. Also at HAPG, TB tracing teams have

8

Viral load is the term used to describe the amount of HIV in your blood. The more HIV in your blood, the faster your CD4 cells (immune system cells that fight infection) reduce in number, and the greater your risk of developing symptoms in the next few years.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 17 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

been introduced to help fast track the tracing of patients and to prevent development of MDR-TB.9 HAPG, working with government district offices, sees 135 patients registered daily and 25 new referrals and screenings completed. There are fewer TB related deaths in the community at Bela Bela that is served by HAPG, and less defaulting as more patients are adhering to treatment. This highlights the importance of the continuum of care and support and this has a significant impact on families maintaining overall healthy environments and practising good hygiene towards improved disease management and control.

HIV and AIDS prevention and care has also been extended by some partners to include basic nutrition gardens as a support mechanism for care in a context where nutritional enrichment is an urgent necessity, with food gardens being established at schools and homesteads. In some instances this forms part of the income generation work undertaken by partners such as Woza Moya, Isibane, Fancy Stitch & HACT, where they operate a craft income generating project that manufactures and sells craft products through local or on-site shops, international networks and online sales. Such integration has mainly evidenced positive impact on unemployed, illiterate women and children who had previously reported struggles in accessing food due to being unemployed, their parent/s being unemployed, or being orphaned. As a result some women and young learners ended up in unplanned and unprotected sexual relationships to get money for food. Integration of more focused gardening and crafts projects into these programs has contributed to supporting some beneficiaries’ access to food security thus contributing to their health and wellbeing.

WASH partners have successfully engaged communities in hygiene and sanitation training with early indications of behaviour change. In terms of individual consciousness there has been an increased awareness in both men and women around identifying inclusive WASH related challenges and engaging in participatory processes to find solutions within the communities. For example partners and communities are exposed to innovative WASH technologies at Woza Moya’s demonstration site that includes rainwater harvesting systems, an incinerator, inclusive toilets and hand washing facilities. Over 40 pre-school children, 500 orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs) and some 1,200 adults who periodically attend various activities at Woza Moya are exposed to these new technologies. Community WASH infrastructure has been improved with water tanks and repaired piping increasing access to domestic water for households of Ofafa valley. Partners’ additions of the water and sanitation components to their program are an example of truly developmental and responsive programming that aims to address the needs of people where they are.

Most of the partners responding to this objective continue to see the value in facilitating and creating different approaches to increasing communities HIV and TB treatment literacy and understanding, and this has been evidenced through publication of magazines, articles and training materials by Bela Bela, ALN and TAC (for example TAC published 2 editions of Equal Treatment Magazine during this reporting period that were widely distributed to all Oxfam partners – a digital copy of the August – click link to see the august and other newsletters published on their website. http://www.tac.org.za/sites/default/files/equal_treatment/2012/ET%2043%20English.pdf

9

Multi drug-resistant tuberculosis

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 18 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Key Successes More males are getting involved in HCT testing as well as youth from 15 upwards as most partners are shifting toward involving men as well as women, and more boys and youth, in their prevention activities that integrate sexual and reproductive rights. Working with boys to shift their perspective on their relationships with girls and women specifically, and how they engage with the world from a position of power is essential. These processes are intended to bring a realisation that negative gender roles have to be shifted in order to respond effectively to HIV and AIDS at an early age.

A strong emerging advocacy plan for access to female condoms, improved service delivery, and information around women’s sexual reproductive rights and women's safety has been observed as partners like Life Line and Project Empower have focused on reducing the vulnerability of young women in all their activities. This will hopefully have a positive impact on the delivery of health services to young sexually active women and access to quality health services and resources.

Key Challenges Working with government has its ups and downs. Partners working in this area have positive relations with the local government clinics – however there are poor district level relations and these can be ascribed in part to poor skills levels in government around administration and communication. There appears to be systematic constraints around service delivery. The local government structures are highly politicised and this impacts on effective and efficient working with government. Initiatives such as the “war rooms”10 have been developed by government as a response and though there have been gains a lot still needs to be done. These challenges are coupled with corrupt government officials who expect bribes for service. Partners like MDIC, Sophakama, TU, KRCC, KMCRC, and JAW are constantly engaged with government around these issues.

Loss of donor funding is also a challenge, with the global economic crisis having led, for example, to the unexpected termination of a funding partnership that was a main contributor to many organisations’ operational and staffing costs. This has led to a funding shortfall for some organisations contributing to the health objective, with severe implications for partner organisations’ effective working.

Key Lessons Learnt Prevention and Awareness: Teaching young people the necessary life skills (communication, negotiation, problem solving, etc.) enables them to make informed decisions about their health and lifestyle which significantly contributes to their uptake of sexual reproductive health, gender and human rights.

Calls for effective treatment integration and planning: There is an urgent need for a multisectoral approach to HIV/TB integration as almost 48% of all patients treated in the TB program in South Africa are testing HIV positive. New ART guidelines are expected for early 2013 in South Africa, these are to have an impact on clinical, operational and financial directives. Most needed in South Africa are good logistics, adequate costing and work toward sustainability in the rollout of treatment.

Different studies are drawing attention to the importance of “early treatment to avoid unnecessary 10

The “war rooms” have been established through a nationwide campaign introduced by the President’s office in 2008 to reduce poverty among the country’s poorest citizens. Through this system, the poorest wards/ communities are visited periodically by a team of professionals, inter-departmental task teams and community workers to identify their specific needs, accelerate their access to government services, and provide safety nets. The long term goal for the war rooms is for the poorest households to receive assistance and support in a coordinated and sustained way.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 19 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

deaths”. Partners like TAC, HAPG and ALN will be engaging with government through a range of formal discussions and platforms, whilst sharing their knowledge and experience on the ground for improved ART guidelines and this will be followed up on and shared in the next reporting phase.

Some partners’ work is limited to direct community level responses; hence they have supported women, children, sex workers and their families to advocate for their basic human rights and could feed into broader level advocacy initiatives around improving health outcomes. Their rights based approach makes them ideal advocacy partners at a later point in their development; however at present they need to be monitored and supported to grow into this role. This includes partners such as Life Line, Project Empower and Vhutshilo.

2. Increasing and sustaining food security and livelihoods options available to households There has been an increase in the awareness, knowledge, and capacity of communities regarding livelihoods activities. This is evidenced by an increase in establishment of gardens, savings club groups, craft work, candle making, poultry production and other micro-projects that generate income for the betterment of community livelihoods. In particular women were highlighted as comprising the majority of those participating in training activities conducted during this reporting period. The trainings conducted by partners ranged from awareness events and skills development processes to leadership trainings enabling participants to take active decision making roles in the projects that can best develop their families’ communities. Women's leadership roles and status in communities have improved as they have been afforded opportunities to advance themselves through integrated skills trainings on basic leadership, personal savings and HIV and AIDS. For example one woman participant talked about how they learnt to negotiate at home with the head of the family and were able to carry this skill forward after the training. Skills learnt have transformed community members that were previously shy, afraid and hopeless to be more confident and are now able to communicate, solve problems and gain greater self respect. The agro-ecological farming practices and skills shared by Biowatch in particular have been adopted by most of the event participants in partner communities located in different areas.

The reports from partner organisations highlighted the success of integrating livelihoods and WASH approaches and mentioned that doing so increased resilience among communities. Workshops held on water and sanitation strengthened the working relationship of stakeholders and the municipality as well as increasing stakeholders’ collective efforts in addressing community problems. This resulted in quicker and improved impacts on community livelihoods. Other organisations working in rural and urban settings raised awareness of disaster risk reduction and mobilised communities to lobby and advocate for better services from the government. Through the work of partners like Vhutshilo and HACT, increased knowledge has been noted among children, youth and caregivers regarding food security in the home, the benefits of food gardens and good nutrition and how this impacts on one’s health. In the communities served by these partners, more than 28 households are now food secure. Some organisations such as Biowatch and FSG brought different stakeholders (beneficiaries, community members, formal and informal community structures)together to share link and learn during events such as workshops and farmer field days, motivating participants and stakeholders to increase their efforts towards improving the livelihoods of the communities. In addition the farmer led documentation process led by FSG has been reported as a strategy that improved effectiveness and increased ownership of developmental projects by the communities.

This can be attributed to training beneficiaries to document their work which revealed the importance of building farmers monitoring and evaluation skills. Exposure visits by organisations’ staff members and beneficiaries to different partners and projects enabled participants to gain knowledge and skills in livelihoods activities and water harvesting technologies. These skills will be used in improving projects and hence impact for beneficiaries.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 20 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Due to increased awareness, knowledge and skills, changes in practices and norms have been reported. Some organisations such as Biowatch managed to convince the government to change their strategies in the promotion of dry-land crop production. Exposure to working agricultural methods persuaded the Government to change their strategic planning and include strategies that take cognisance of the impact of climate change. One of these strategies is the promotion of agroecology. The government was receptive to Biowatch’s position that promotion of agroecology in farming yields better results and ultimately asked Biowatch to assist in drafting an agroecology strategic plan for the country. On the other hand organisations such as RSS continued to lobby for an improved standard of living for the poor as well as for refugees living in the country in particular.

Isibani and LIMA reported that working with the government has shown better progress in accelerating the development process within the communities.

Marked increase in inclusive WASH knowledge and awareness amongst stakeholders as well as positive change in attitudes has also been identified. This is resulting from the active and constructive engagement of Oxfam partners and community members in pro-poor service delivery drives. WASH related facilities are improving with better service delivery systems. This is ensuring better, efficient and quality livelihoods and health outcomes for the majority of people in the communities served.

Key Successes Through increased knowledge about relevant WASH services as well as the rights of access to quality services, a number of other partners (not funded under AACES) who were exposed to Oxfam’s training on WASH have begun integrating different WASH activities into their work; this includes partners such as Isibane, KRCC, CATCH, Sophakama, HAPG, Choice, Palabora, Hluhluwe Advent, Biowatch and FSG. These partners will be tracked over the next period to ensure they receive support and that their inputs are included in reports going forward. Partners integrating WASH have since formed a cluster and meet regularly to exchange experiences and share new developments in the sector. Inclusive water point committees are being formed with representation and collaboration of community members and other key stakeholders, in particular government departments to ensure safe delivery of essential services, protection of investments as well as the maintenance of systems.

The livelihoods projects have been essential to improving the health of communities due to enabling families to access nutritious food so that people on treatment can adhere to treatment. The projects have boosted the general improvement of good health especially for children. Those that upscaled their livelihood activities were reported as now being able to earn an income that has improved their standard of living from abject poverty and food insecurity. For example the HACT Christmas shop is an effective livelihood generator that has contributed significantly to a healthy, productive community.

Key Challenges Sustainable and effective responses integrating work in livelihoods, health and wellbeing (including HIV and AIDS) require recognition of the coping mechanisms community members may use to deal with varied threats to finding and retaining employment, capacity to undertake farming, food security and quality of life. These threats have a disproportionate impact on weaker and more vulnerable households. In response partner organisations may innovate and adapt coping mechanisms that are unique and include changes in traditional gender roles, new forms of collaboration, and adjustments in livelihood activities which could form the basis for sustainable mitigation measures.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 21 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Key Lessons Learnt During this reporting period lessons learnt under this objective involved failure in several instances to instil a sense of project ownership among communities, where community members were not given an opportunity to make decisions regarding strategies to sustain their projects. The learning from this was that the community served by a project should take a leading role in the project cycle from inception and decision making to the end so as to instil this sense of ownership, and motivate communities to drive their own development in a manner that is sustainable.

18 partners have integrated water issues into the health outcome and have used the right of access to WASH services to stimulate active citizenship whilst also integrating water as a primary input into the production of food and the achievement of sustainable livelihoods.

3. Increasing and upholding access to social protection and rights Almost 16 partners that are contributing to this objective have in this reporting period displayed an approach that is more integrated and responsive to the challenges that the local communities experience. 6 partners have been engaging in social research, advocacy and public awareness raising to help create an enabling environment for the direct social change work undertaken by their local communities, as well as by partners themselves. In some instances initiatives have been led entirely by community beneficiaries. For example, partners like KMCRC, PACSA, KRCC and Biowatch have been working to address inequality and poverty within their areas of operation through advocating for better and improved access to basic services such as water, electricity and sanitation; which has a positive impact in ensuring that health outcomes and wellbeing of community members are improved. This has resulted in an enhanced capacity of communities to maintain an effective voice in driving their own development.

Partners have observed that membership of local communities in public participation structures such as AIDS councils, SANAC, and local ward committees has increased, and this has increased the confidence of community members to engage government departments (for example of health and justice) to articulate their concerns around delivery. This in turn has been contributing, for example, to better access to law and justice services for women who are survivors of violence and abuse; evidenced in partners like JAW, Project Empower and TAC. Although this increased engagement has focused primarily on access to services, contributions have also been made to raising individual consciousness through training sessions and workshops facilitated by partners like TAC around gender based violence at community level (reflected in TAC’s handbook, “How to respond to rape and other gender-based violence: A guide for survivors and activists”).

Women’s leadership was promoted (in some instances as an unintended effect of the partner’s project work) through increased community dialogue, by partners like Project Empower, JAW, ALN, KMCRC, HAPG and TU. Women’s leadership groups are strongly represented on the clinic, ECD and policing forums. Through JAW’s activities, women from rural traditional environments are provided a safe platform to raise social issues around power and gender and are able to resolve these. Through such activities, women are now starting to be able to challenge authority if it infringes on their rights.

Key Successes Beneficiaries who have been exposed to different trainings and awareness raising events around their rights are able to articulate the information and skills gained for the best interest of the broader community; for instance in the effective use of whistle blower policies to expose corruption and where community members have been able to hold government officials to account to address corruption. This also had a positive impact on the increased prosecution rates for cases of abuse and Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 22 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

violence against women and children (Mlulani Gagu was found guilty by the Khayelitsha magistrate's court of raping seven girls over a period of two years through the successful intervention of community members and the justice department11).

The improved relationship between TAC members and government departments has resulted in an improved delivery of services; and through budget monitoring committees and trainings set up in districts to monitor the health facilities budgets; staff at health facilities have improved their understanding of budget management. Partners like TAC, RSS, Save the Children, CINDI, ALN and Thusanang continue to influence policy development around ECD, immigration and refugees and health issues; and to monitor the implementation of policies through seats on various provincial and national committees that include SANAC. Partners and communities are critically engaging with published articles by other partners relating to legal and human rights as well as articles relating to how community members can interact with mechanisms such as local AIDS councils in order to help and improve healthcare delivery. Special reference can be made to how partners like JAW, CCRC, Vhutshilo, KMCRC, and Sophakama have engaged with TAC’s August 2012 magazine (attached above) pages 18–27 that focused on the theme “Our role in the health system” so as to improve local healthcare delivery. There is hope that such information-sharing can assist partners in facilitating informed active citizenship at community level.

Many partners are reporting work with various community structures with the aim of influencing these to provide much needed inclusive WASH services. Such key stakeholders have included traditional leaders, local communities, local NGOs, local government department representatives etc. Partners and stakeholders are approaching the influencing strategy in different ways beginning with encouragement of participatory local dialogues and planning, as well as later holding each other to account. Other partners continue working with community groups to mobilise themselves and advocate for the right of access to WASH services and improved livelihoods. Learnings will be documented around developing the capacity of community structures to engage in this space.

The Children’s Act Guide for ECD Practitioners covers a detailed process on conditional registration for crèches. Due to the complex nature and requirements of registering an ECD programme and ECD centre partners working in the sector (Thusanang Trust and Save the Children KZN) work on influencing government around registration requirements and processes. Positives are that progress has been observed in terms of providing ECD centres with accurate information and linking them with contact persons from government. However partners reported delays, lack of accurate communication and government officials not honouring appointments. Ultimately many crèches – especially rural and residentially based facilities that required conditional registrations and rezoning12 – remain unregistered and not fully supported by government or the Department of Education in particular. This means that the children’s right to education is not fully realised. Where crèches continue to run the quality of education is compromised. Partners have sought parents’ involvement and in some instances, as with Thusanang Trust, an example of parents volunteering presents a temporary alternative for ECD centres that are still awaiting full registration status.

11

TAC July-December 2012 Report In residential areas, if an ECD centre is based in a house or private residence, the local municipality may ask the centre manager to apply to have the premises re‐zoned. Once this is done, the land is no longer considered suitable for residential use and is now classified as a ‘business’. After the re‐zoning application is approved, centres should receive a re‐zoning certificate, for which a fee is required. The certificate may be needed for centre registration.

12

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 23 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 24 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Key Challenges For partners working in the rural areas the Traditional Courts Bill (TCB), which proposes the devolution of judicial power to hereditary traditional leaders in their territories of authority, proves to be controversial in that it continues to threaten progress and gains made in terms of women's roles and status in society, including women’s opportunities for leadership. Partners like JAW, TU and KRCC will continue to work with government and engage them around cultural practices that pose a threat to vulnerable groups.

Bureaucratic systems, political blockages and structures within government slow down positive change and create obstacles even though the health facilities are ready and willing to improve delivery. This poses a challenge to partners’ ability to create enabling environments in which social protections and rights can be claimed; and means that partners have to expend effort and formulate strategies towards mitigating such obstructions in the system.

Key Lessons Learnt Both positive and conflictual relationships are developing at district levels between partners and government departments. Building trust and being seen as allies are key to engagement with government. There may be scope to share with partners more broadly the experiences of particular partners in improving their relationship with government.

The local community advocacy approach has potential to build active citizenship within communities and is critical for authentic, community-driven development, as it affirms the dignity and agency of people as they take responsibility for bringing about the changes they want to see in their lives and their communities. As presented under the “Program at a Glance” figures, there are fewer people needing support from partners to access social grants in comparison to the figures presented in partners’ reports three years ago; this decrease may be related to the good coverage by government and/or indicate that individuals are more able to access government services with limited or no support from partners. Many challenges, however, persist around access to services; and attaining a high quality of essential service delivery continues to be a key part of partners’ strategies in emerging advocacy work.

Progress against Management Objectives 4. Strengthening community development approaches with a focus on supporting civil society organisations (both formal and informal groups of people) The strengthening and support of civil society organisations is key to the success of our work. In this reporting period partners were supported to improve their organisational development, to learn new skills, or to improve the skills and capacity within their organisations. Sophakama was supported with extra financial resources to contract an experienced consultant to assist them in looking at their organisational development, developing a monitoring and evaluation system and developing a five year strategic plan. This process has been instrumental in aligning the organisation’s goals and mission to the work they do every day, and developing the organisation’s growth over the next five years. Through this support Sophakama has been able to highlight the significant value staff and volunteers play within the organisation and within the community.

Improved monitoring systems and documenting of their work have foregrounded the extensive support Sophakama provides to the community and the extensive involvement of staff, volunteers and community members in local structures and decision making bodies at a community level.

Image page 26: Water tanks at Fancy Stitch in Northern KwaZulu-Natal ©M Willman Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 25 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

This process confirmed their core business and what other developmental possibilities the organisation can engage with documenting partners’ work remains an important component of our efforts to strengthen the program through sharing learning and new or emerging themes. Three case studies are in development in this period. Thusanang Trust in Limpopo has done interesting work around including parents in their crèche programs to further support the development of the child.

The second case study documents the youth friendly approach to ART with teenagers in Edendale in KwaZulu Natal through Africaid Whizzkids United’s Life Skills and Health Academy programs. The third case study will document the community participation process partners used to develop the three year plans submitted in July 2012.

The ongoing work around social media and partners telling their own stories has created many opportunities that our partners can choose from to better document, share and profile their work.

The use of different media has changed how partners see their work. Woza Moya is one of the partners that benefited from this support and now have a media unit managed by young people in the organisation who are enthusiastic about using videos to document stories and/or processes of their work in the community. Other approaches explored in this period included the use of cell phone technology to conduct and collect household baseline data on WASH related issues. A learning process was conducted with five partners in 2011–2012 on envisioning, storyboarding, filming and editing a video profiling their work; and a joint video screening was held in July 2012 to showcase the videos produced and share and learn from other partners’ experiences. Plans are underway for further support to the existing group of partners to further refine and develop their story gathering using video and to bring in a new group of partners involved in WASH related work.

Other new technologies employed by partners in this period included the water harvesting technology that has been installed at Woza Moya and is another highlight strengthening their work and that of the program. Woza Moya is looking to roll out this technology by piloting the approach in one of the local schools in the valley.

5. Supporting the sustainable delivery of, and increased community participation in, integrated development programs Despite the resistance by some organisations to using the word “advocacy” to describe components of their work, an Oxfam commissioned research paper to map partner advocacy in the Oxfam HIV and AIDS Program (OHAP) showed that the integration of advocacy in partner programs was highly advanced and also extremely effective: “... [P]partners engage with power structures to influence change, the impacts of which reach beyond the realm of their direct activities. These range from engagement with formal institutions such as local, provincial and national government to working with more informal structures such as tribal and religious leadership. With these findings as a basis, in November 2012, the link and learn event ‘VOICES’ brought together over a hundred delegates from partners supported by all four Oxfam affiliates operating in South Africa (Oxfam Australia, Oxfam Canada, Oxfam Italia and Oxfam Great Britain). The learning event intended to provide a platform at which partners could share lessons and experience, continue to build the collective for action, discuss, debate and learn together and begin the process of crafting a common vision. Most of all, the event was intended to allow Voices to be heard.

The link and learn event aimed to strengthen the capacity of partner organisations and Oxfam in influencing work around social change in the areas of health, development and human rights, by: Sharing a variety of methods and tools currently being used by civil society organisations to influence power holders and duty bearers – providing an opportunity to reflect on the success and challenges emerging from real world examples of influencing work.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 26 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Providing an insight into the skills that need to be developed, and tools that may already be available, to deliver influencing strategies.

Engaging in discussion around improving practice and efficacy of influencing work.

Engaging in topical debates on issues that impact on development work in South Africa.

There are examples of partners like HAPG, ALN, TAC, Biowatch, Thusanang and Save the Children KZN that are engaging with more than one tier of government (for example at Provincial and National level) to try to influence and/or contribute to policy changes. PACSA have connected advocacy on access to basic services and household livelihoods; this is based on the fact that immediate needs and policy are not at variance but need to support each other. The groups that PACSA work with in livelihoods are encouraged to become active supporters of the Water Network and the Electricity Action Group so as to campaign for affordability of basic services. Without affordability the extra income derived from these projects would continue to flow out of the households to municipalities and would not help towards greater household livelihood security. In addition, partners like HAPG, Sophakama and ALN continue to engage with topical debates on issues such as the National Health Insurance (NHI) in different spaces; at community level and (particularly in the case of ALN) in higher level debates on policy.

Through the support of AusAid and Oxfam Great Britain financial support has been provided to enable partners to integrate other concepts into their work. Seven of the partners have integrated WASH issues and five have integrated urban and rural DRR into their existing work.

In this reporting period, an annual ‘partner satisfactory survey’ was also conducted across all partners, to gauge the levels of partner satisfaction in their working relationship with Oxfam. For the detailed report refer to Appendix 2.

6. Creating and sustaining enabling environments with a focus on communities of vulnerable people Oxfam commissioned HEARD (the Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, at the University of KwaZulu-Natal) to conduct a piece of research on inequality in South Africa.13 This research was commissioned in light of Oxfam’s recognition that inequality is at the heart of the South African ‘development problem’, and that therefore the definitions and socio-economic reality of inequality needed to be more clearly delineated and discussed within the program. The objectives of the report were to: propose an overarching definition of inequality; outline the most common types of inequality discussed in the South African literature and propose some appropriate inequality measures to be used in the Oxfam program in South Africa. This process also provided opportunities for staff and partners to engage with the definitions. This report will provide an ongoing reference for our work to measure how the program is responding to or addressing issues of inequality where partners are working.

The partnership of OAU with CREATE has provided support to partners to raise awareness around issues of disability, with five oranisations supported in this area. Woza Moya and Fancy Stitch have made structural changes to their buildings (ramps, handrails and toilet) and changes in the way data is collected and disaggregated. Partners’ staff have undergone training to understand how to design programs that are more inclusive. Two partners, TU and Woza Moya, will train their Home Based Care workers on disability issues so that they are better skilled to deal with disability in the communities that they serve – in order to address issues of rights, stigma and discrimination.

13

Nicole Deghaye and Tamlyn Strydom (2012) . “The current understanding of inequality in South Africa” (Report from HEARD, University of KwaZulu-Natal, commissioned by Oxfam) Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 27 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

In addition, the work with RAPCAN provides support to 18 partners with the ultimate aim of protecting the rights of children, and ensuring that children are not stigmatized or discriminated.

Thus, RAPCAN is working with partners so as to see that the necessary policies and strategies are put in place to guard against any violation of children’s rights.

Image page 31: A newly installed toilet in Northern KwaZulu-Natal Š M Willman

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 28 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Section 3 – Cross-cutting Issues Gender The integrated program continues to try and incorporate a gender perspective within all program objectives through different partner activities responding to gender issues. Partner activities seek to support women’s participation in leadership to boost their confidence and self-esteem; and partners through the program are encouraged to approach their gender work in a manner that takes cognisance of the inherent power imbalances in society. As a result women actively participate in partners’ projects that support them to become economically empowered and ensure their households become food secure. Due to increased awareness and knowledge around gender issues, some minimal improvement has been noted around skills and practices in contesting gender inequality. However it should be noted that gender still remains a complex issue that needs to draw up on a range of different approaches over time so as to effect sustainable change. Reported partners’ approaches are described in terms of inequality where most of the implemented partners’ work has mainstreamed gender so as to give women a platform to be heard, obtain leadership positions, be able to discuss issues that disadvantage them and engage in discussions that seeks solutions. Some examples that can be shared from partner reports include: women becoming actively involved in community task teams; becoming forum leaders; and becoming leaders of farmer learners groups, saving and credit groups and farmer associations. Such activities and shifts have provided an opportunity for both men and women to engage with inequality, and ensured that women were in a position to make informed choices, and mobilise other women around policy engagements and decisions. Most of the partners’ work around gender has been reported on above, and indicates organisations’ engagements with men and women, and boys and girls, in recognition that men have an important role to play in addressing gender inequality.

A number of partners have also undertaken different pieces of research with the help of local university students and volunteers. The findings have helped them better understand their programming environment and the gendered needs of their beneficiaries (for instance, One Voice have conducted gender research on different drivers of behavior change for boys and girls14).

Active Citizenship People living and working in South Africa continue to struggle with unemployment, rising food prices, poor education and little or no basic services (such as access to water, sanitation, electricity, housing and refuse collection among others) whilst trying to create a better living environment for themselves and their families. Poor living conditions are making households more vulnerable and undermining the cornerstone of democracy that is basic human rights and the right to human dignity. Vulnerable groups and communities are mobilizing around specific issues such as basic municipal services; and a perpetual lack of responsiveness on the part of government to these articulated needs is rapidly escalating into protest action. Despite the ambition to grow the Oxfam brand in the public space, given the precarious political, social and economic environment, engagement with the South African government is still primarily through our partners. An analysis of active citizenship within the Oxfam partnership illustrates the following: Level and effectiveness of engagement – The majority of Oxfam partners have positioned themselves to engage with local government and informal power bearers such as traditional leaders and church

14

One Voice South Africa (2012): Longitudinal Intervention Baseline Study One Voice South Africa (November 2012): Examining young South African males attitudes toward sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in an educational intervention context.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 29 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

leaders. The documented outcomes of partners’ engagements indicate that they find it easier to engage with informal power bearers than municipal officials. Engagement with informal power bearers is yielding positive changes within communities (such as creating public participation platforms Social cohesion and solidarity forged between the middle and lower income groups around essential services) whereas municipalities continue to remain unresponsive to the needs of communities. However, there are a few partners such as HAPG, ALN, TAC and Biowatch that are interacting with more than one tier of government. Their engagements with Provincial and National government are influencing policy and practice; such as Biowatch’s contribution to the agro-ecology strategy, and TAC’s influence in the various units at SANAC and challenges to South Africa’s patent laws.

Democratic processes and public participation structures – Most Oxfam partners are using local public participation structures such as “war rooms”, ward committees and local and district AIDS councils to champion their issues. From the analysis it is unclear how the power relations are being played out within these structures and what gains are being made in respect of their issues. Other partners such as TAC and ALN are more strategic and are using SANAC’s structures to raise the profile of their issues and influence policy and practice changes. In the context of health and WASH, only a few partners indicated that they were participating in district health structures and WASH committees.

Individual versus collective voice – Most partners’ programs are aimed at conscientising individuals about their rights in regard to specific challenges in the community: for example access to water, sanitation, health etc. Such awareness raising programs are built on the premise that an informed citizen exercises agency and believes that the community has the power to influence government’s decisions. Partners are working with vulnerable groups such as women, sex workers and people living in informal settlements, who are unable to seize opportunities to participate in government’s invited spaces. Given the frequency and severity of protest actions it is imperative that there is recognition at an individual level that one has a role to play in a democratic state and hold government to account through constructive engagement using democratic processes. However, momentum to build a collective voice within the Oxfam partnership and outside of the partnership on various issues appears to be lacking.

Trust and building confidence to engage – Given the lack of responsiveness by local government to the concerns and pleas of communities, many of the Oxfam partners are working with communities to build their confidence to engage with local government and become involved in public participation structures such as the war rooms, AIDS councils etc. Such confidence and trust building is dependent on communities having a sound knowledge and understanding of the issues, how local government operates and what structures can be used to hold government to account. However, from the analysis of partners’ work there appears to be a strong focus on raising the awareness on the issues with little corresponding emphasis on civic education around democracy. It is imperative that citizens recognize that apart from demanding the realization of their rights under the constitution they also have an active role to play in the governance of the state. This is an area that would need to be explored with partners in greater detail.

A failure to address the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and quality of and access to basic services between the rich and the poor, will continue to threaten the fabric of democracy in South Africa. In the context of the Oxfam program which is seeking to reduce vulnerability of people living and working in South Africa, it is imperative that partners continue to engage with all tiers of government. Given that most partners are engaging with local government, this can be construed to be a strength of the program as most violent protests happen at local government level. Such interventions could potentially diffuse violent protests and ensure that the engagement between Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 30 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

government and communities is constructive and positive. Building solidarity and a collective voice on issues is key to influencing change and partners should be encouraged to invest in this as well.

Deepening individual conscientising to include civic education on democracy including local government instruments and structures at municipal level needs to be explored with partners as this has not been evident in most partners’ work.

Inclusiveness A process has been initiated to be rolled out over the course of the phase, to build partners’ awareness around ensuring that vulnerable and marginalised people have an effective voice on matters that relate to their health and well being. The decision to engage the two South Africa partners (CREATE and RAPCAN) to provide tailor made capacity building support on child protection and disability inclusion has proven useful, with a number of partners developing programs that are both inclusive of people with disabilities and tailor made to meet the local contexts (for example, disability training materials for home based care workers will be slightly different for Woza Moya and TU). A number of organisations were successful (Woza Moya and Fancy Stitch) in making infrastructural changes. For instance these partners installed WASH hardware that is accessible and safe for children, the elderly and people living with disabilities. This included the installation of ramps and hand rails around buildings and the installation of urinals. This process will be monitored and as partners take up the support, will be measured in terms of changes around the inclusion of persons with disabilities.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 31 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

APPENDIX 2: Partnership Satisfaction Survey Report Out of the 42 partners supported by Oxfam Australia in South Africa at present, 25 organisations responded to the Partner Satisfaction Survey for 2012/2013. The survey aims to collect important information on partners’ experience of working with Oxfam. 14 of those responding were based in KwaZulu-Natal, 4 in the Eastern Cape, 6 in Limpopo, and one in the Western Cape. Most of the respondents (20) had been partnering with Oxfam for over four years, and 5 of the respondents had newer partnerships with Oxfam.

Partners were asked to rate their overall satisfaction with their partnership with Oxfam. 16 respondents were ‘very satisfied’, 7 were ‘satisfied’, and 2 were ‘unsatisfied’. No partners indicated that they were ‘very unsatisfied’. This feedback would indicate that respondents are generally finding Oxfam partnership satisfying, and that there is a need to look at why some may not be satisfied.

Regarding the frequency (and relevance) of Oxfam’s communications with partners through emails and phone calls, partners generally found this ‘just right’ (17). However 6 found communications ‘too frequent’. In contrast, two partners indicated these communications were ‘too infrequent’.

Partners indicated that they saw these email and phone communications as ‘very relevant’ (13) or ‘relevant’ (12). No partners found them to be irrelevant. The overall feedback thus suggests that in general Oxfam is getting our communications with partners right, and is not inundating partners with information or queries that are not relevant for them.

Partners were asked to consider how efficiently Oxfam responds to questions and queries.

Generally, partners felt this was ‘very efficient’ (10) or ‘efficient’ (14), with no partners identifying this as ‘inefficient’, and one partner indicating responses to be ‘very inefficient’. Responses in this regard were therefore basically positive, with one outlier who was not pleased.

In rating the quality of the feedback/input from Oxfam staff partners generally selected the ratings ‘good’, ‘very good’, or ‘excellent’. Ratings were therefore mostly positive; however partners’ responses also showed there is room for improvement: three partners felt feedback was ‘adequate’, one considered it ‘poor’, and one rated it as ‘very poor’.

Regarding the frequency of visits to the partner by Oxfam staff, while most respondents found the frequency of monitoring visits ‘just right’ (20), one partner felt the visits were ‘too frequent’ and 4 partners felt that visits should happen more often. Again, it would seem that most partners are happy with visit frequency but at the same time there is clearly a call from some others for more frequent visits, and this request also came up elsewhere in the survey.

Choosing words to describe their experiences of Oxfam staff visits, the majority of partners responding found the visits ‘supportive’ (18), ‘positive’ (19) and ‘informative’ (14). 8 organisations found the visits ‘reassuring’. No partners indicated that the visits were ‘negative’. However, additional comments from partners noted that Oxfam visits were ‘Supportive on the surface, but not transparent’, ‘unprepared’, that they reflected ‘High expectations for small portion of budget funded’, and that four years had passed without an Oxfam staff member visiting ‘the individual [project] groups’. It would seem that generally partners are finding visits from Oxfam staff to be positive and constructive. Some individual partners’ responses also suggested that though they considered visits ‘intimidating’ or ‘demanding’, they did not feel that it was necessarily a bad thing for visits to be demanding as it was part of what made the visit useful/constructive. However it must also be noted that the four partners quoted above had a quite strong negative assessment of visits.

The partners, respectively, expressed concerns around a) the need for more frequent visits, b) transparency, c) preparedness, and d) Oxfam’s expectations given the grant size.

Looking at information-sharing through distribution of publications such as case studies and other pieces of research, partner organisations indicated that it is ‘much interest’ (16) or of ‘some interest’ (9). No partners indicated the publications were of ‘little interest’ or ‘no interest’. Partners thus generally had a positive view of the content shared. There may be scope to find out more about how partners use this information, to enhance our information-sharing in future.

Partners described their view of Oxfam as a donor and partner by selecting multiple words. The majority of respondents selected words such as ‘supportive’ (19), ‘approachable’ (19). A slightly lesser number, but still a large proportion of the partners responding, considered Oxfam ‘flexible’ (15), ‘transparent’ (15), ‘responsive’ (14), ‘trusting’ (12). 8 respondents considered Oxfam ‘innovative’. Again, a few also selected words such as ‘inflexible’ (1), ‘arrogant’ (1), ‘demanding’ (1), ‘slow to respond’ (1), and ‘guarded’ (2). Additional comments reflected both the positive (‘amazing in fact’, ‘Accountable’) – and a few strongly negative assessments. One partner indicated Oxfam is ‘Not open about intent’, another indicated that delays in contract finalisation had hampered implementation, and a third indicated that Oxfam was usually approachable but recently not so, and that phase-out processes were not transparent. These results indicate that partners generally have a strong sense that Oxfam is approachable and welcoming/supportive. This usually, but not always, goes together with a sense that Oxfam is also transparent or trusting. A small proportion of partners made negative assessments of Oxfam’s stance as a donor, and the reasons for this may need to be looked at.

Additional comments were also requested, to enable partners to share any information that could help Oxfam evaluate how we work. This elicited: 1. A large amount of positive feedback Generally, comments reflected a sense of Oxfam as receptive and supportive; and indicated that Oxfam’s approach compares well with that of other donors and the capacity-building and information-sharing provided by Oxfam is particularly important. Partners noted:  ‘OXFAM listens!’  ‘Oxfam has a most unusual very respectful and trusting way of working with us as partners’,  ‘One of the major benefits of being an Oxfam partner is the relationship which allows us to constantly improve our interventions and increase the[ir] reach...There are few donors who invest as much time and energy in making sure that the implementing organisation has at its disposal all the tools and skills necessary to implement a successful project. I would argue that the relationship factor is much more valuable than the monetary factor.’  ‘Compared with many other donors, Oxfam stands out for its innovative publications and workshops and its focus on supporting the growth and development of the organisations it works with. The relationship provides a platform for civil society strengthening and networking which is important – particularly in current times.’  ‘The information workshops have been of great relevance in assisting, empowering and preparing organisations in implementing the Oxfam grant.’  ‘Keep up the good working relationship you have with your partners.’  ‘Great donor/team to partner with. Enjoy the opportunities for learning and sharing.’

2. Calls for more frequent visits  ‘I suppose one on one interviews would be much more important, as some valuable information could come up and be shared more broadly on this mode.’  ‘I think more visits by Oxfam staff to see the work we do would bring about a stronger partnership and a greater understanding of our work and the challenges we face.’

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 33 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12



‘visit the organisation per quarter to see the progress of the project’

3. Indications that some relationships could be better  ‘Each and every community has specific needs and Oxfam should understand that’  ‘Delays in communication outside of contract issues are problematic. Everything is fine until there is an issue then there is no communication or very little and it is poor in quality. I have enjoyed being with Oxfam until the last six months. Very disappointing.’  ‘Please be more truthful about visits and your evaluations. This will prevent hurt.’

4. Specific suggestion regarding cellphones in MEL  ‘Introduction of cellphone evaluation tool to all the programs to assess the full impact at least once in every two years for future planning’ Reflecting on the Results For the 2012/2013 iteration of the survey it appears from the partner sample that:  Generally, partners are well satisfied in their relationship with Oxfam. The majority of responses have indicated a successful working relationship across a number of areas. However, strong critical feedback is also being voiced from a few respondents.  Some of the most stark critical feedback reflects an individual partner representative displeased at a phase-out process; and some of this displeasure can be ascribed to the respondent’s view of how the phase-out was conducted.  Partner responses have articulated a few areas where there is room for improvement, flagged above. Two areas in particular that could merit consideration by the program team and management are:  Whether there is space to improve Oxfam’s transparency to partners, and what this means to partners and to Oxfam.  How Oxfam can respond in cases where partners feel more frequent visits are required – given that quarterly visits, for example, are not possible under current resource constraints.  It is important moving forward that Oxfam creates a space in which partners do not feel they ‘have’ to give a positive response, but are free to give constructive criticism of their relationship with Oxfam as a donor and express their concerns.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 34 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

APPENDIX 3: Utilising the Integral Framework To give an example of how the integral framework was used to analyse a partner report, the following section demonstrates the case of Sophokama, which falls under the thematic area of health. A large component of this partner’s work aims to improve health outcomes relating to HIV and AIDS, TB and water related infections and diseases.

Sophakama is a community-based organisation that serves the Joe Slovo Township and the KwaDuse informal settlement in Port Elizabeth. The Home Based Care program provides care to people who are ill and homebound due to chronic illnesses. The Nutrition Programme runs a soup kitchen, where food is offered for free to those in need. The organisation has a food garden on grounds of a school, where they grow vegetable to supply the kitchen.

In terms of “individual consciousness”, there has been an increase in the quality of home-based care provided to communities due to awareness raising activities that have reached a number of individuals. These individuals have developed a greater consciousness about chronic illness, in particular the HIV epidemic. This was validated within the report and from other sources in terms of the number of events and public campaigns that had been held, numbers of people reached and informal discussions with them about awareness, as well as feedback surveys from workshop participants.

In terms of individuals’ access to rights and resources, there has been an increase in the number of people within communities accessing HIV and AIDS services. This was partly a result of the increase in knowledge amongst individuals regarding relevant services and their rights of access. This was confirmed through the referral system that captures the number of cases monitored by Sophokoma staff.

In terms of “norms and changing practices”, more people were aware of their health rights (as evident in terms of individuals’ consciousness and access to resources) and were thus able to protect themselves. The informal discriminatory norms in the community came under question as gender issues were raised in terms of sexual and reproductive health rights. The number of public events and campaigning initiatives to raise awareness and change community norms that might drive the epidemic substantiated this. This was further verified by conversations held with Sophokama staff over time.

In terms of “formal institutions, laws and policies”, the governance of the local clinic had also clearly improved due to a stronger representation of Sophakama staff members. This meant that the organisational culture within the local clinic could be positively addressed such that the spirit embedded in health policies could be enabled – something often lacking in many health facilities.

This was further validated by conversations with Sophakama staff.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 35 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

APPENDIX 4: Case Study Extract from the November 2012 edition of the Woza Moya Newsletter http://www.wozamoya.org.za/email-newsletters/

About 100 people in the village of Mashakeni attended a Community Learning Workshop on World Toilet Day on 19 November 2012. Alan Hofland, Woza Moya WASH Manager, introduced the aim of this international day of action, to break the taboo around toilets and to draw attention to the global sanitation challenge. He shared some shocking stats: 2.5 billion people do not have access to a clean private toilet, 1.1 billion people defecate in the open, nearly 1.5 million children under the age of 5 die every year from diarrhoea.

S’Bonelo Ndlovu, Paralegal Manager, spoke about how Sanitation is recognised by the United Nations as a Human Right.

Community members became quite vocal and angry, as the dialogue heated up, with regard to their own lack of appropriate sanitation.

Jane Nxasane, Home-based Care Manager, facilitated discussion around Sanitation and Hygiene and the importance of HandWashing, which can reduce the spread of illnesses by 50%. People then had a chance to come up with their own slogans for next World Toilet Day. The one that won the day was, SHIT HAPPENS, WASH AFTER! Everyone moved outside to watch Alan and Bheki construct a Tippy-Tap by the Mashakeni Community Hall pit latrines. We then lined up and took turns to wash our hands before lunch. It was amazing to see that almost 100 of us were able to wash our hands from a 5 litre container; nothing short of a miracle!

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 36 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Blog from Whizzkids United written by the Health Academy Manager http://www.whizzkidsunited.org/blog/282/Sexual_risk_assessment_helps_to_find_out_the_truth

Sexual risk assessment helps to find out the truth posted by Gugu Mofokeng on July 9th, 2012

In our blog we will introduce the wide range of services and activities that are being offered at our Health Academy. Every week one of the WKU team members gives you an insight into why the Health Academy is so popular and successful in Edendale.

On a 3-monthly basis we do a sexual risk assessment for all who are between the ages of 11 and 20 years, who come to the Health Academy. In the sexual risk assessment we check if the young person has done an HIV test before and if so when that was and what the results had been.

If we find a boy or girl is already sexually active, we try to get more details about their sexual behaviour. We want to know how many sexual partners he/she had and what gender and age they were. The ages and number of sexual partners is often related to the young person's socio-economic situation. In these assessments we often experience that young people tell us very heart-breaking stories about their lives.

Last year, a 16-year old girl came to the Health Academy who had four boyfriends at the time. She really liked one of the boys. The other three were because she needed a place to sleep. She figured if she has many boyfriends she is guaranteed a bed every night.

This young girl has two siblings, her mother's sister passed away and her family took the aunt's four children. The father's brother also passed away and left two children behind. The girl's family took them, too. This made a total of nine children (under 18 years) and two adults living in a onebedroom house.

The kids sleep in the kitchen on the floor and the adults in the bedroom. The house is built on a Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 37 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

sloppy mountain. Whoever gets home early will get a nicer spot on the floor to sleep. The girl's solution was to have boyfriends so she can sleep on a bed and also have more delicious food (instead of cabbage which they often eat at home).

After the girl had visited the Health Academy and we learnt about her story during the risk assessment, we then referred the family to the social workers to assist these parents to start receiving foster care grant so that they can be able to take care of all the children.

The sexual risk assessments are important for all the youth. We hope that we can get more of them to come and visit us at the Health Academy. It is the best way for us to find out who is at risk and needs our help.

What we do is not only a job for us. It simply feels good to be able to help the people. And when we see people like this girl, who we have helped for a better future, then this is a good reward for the hard work.

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 38 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12

Oxfam in South Africa No Longer Vulnerable - Integrated Program Report March 2013

Oxfam in South Africa Integrated Program Report Draft P a g e | 39 Version Revised

SA Office SA Office 03/12