KN:ebskkm#Gci+¿n-y_+nRbeTskm>¨Ca RbcaMenAshRbCaCati
c
TMB&r 2
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
cMNgeCIg : kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
kMrgSksar erobcMcgRkgeLIgvijtamkarRbmUlp-M¨+n SksarCatiepßg@ eVHBum>pßayeday
eKhd%anpßayGbßra
Publié par / Reproduced by ÉDITION APSARA Montréal, Québec H1W 3G7 Téléphone : 514-596-0896 Télécopieur : 514-596-1423 Courriel / Email : apsara16@sympatico.ca
erobcMdMkl'TukRtwmRtUvtamc?ab'enA
bN=al&yCatinigmNÎldMkl'Sksarekbik bN=al&yCatikaNada RtImasTI3 K«s« 2001 B«s« 2545 Dépôt légal Bibliothèque et archives nationales Québec Bibliothèque nationale du Canada 3è trimestre 2001 ISBN 2-9222202-11-9 All Rights Reserved
rkßasiTÏiRKb'y"ag Tous droits réservés
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
KN:ebskkm#Gci+¿n-y_+nRbeTskm>¨Ca RbcaMGg`karshRbCaCati ÈcMLgeLIgvijÉ mu"gerGal'ñ ekbik kaNada q~aM 2001
TMB&r 3
TMB&r 4
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar 1á s/anPaBfanelxa+nRBHvihar RBHvihartaMgenAelICYrPM~dgErk Rtg'RBMRbTl'cugbMput+nRbeTs+fnigRbeTskm>¨Ca . RBHvihartaMgenA elIx>g'rabkMBs'625Em"Rt tamEpnTIPUmisaRs-VraMg ebItamEpnTIPUmisaRs-Gg'eK,s kMBs'616Em"Rt . ÈEpn TITaMgBIrenHsuTÏEteJlCaEm"RtTaMgGs'É . b"uEn-G~kfanelxaVraMgnigGg'eK,sVnRBmeRBogK~asni~d%anfa Ý kÜ x>g'rabBIxageCIgeTAxagtÒËgmanRbEvgCa400nig500Em"Rt . xÜ tYRVsaTEdlsg'enARtg'EKmxagtÒËgbMput Bn,ËteTATisxageCIg edayf~l'eTATl'nwgxageCIg bMput+nx>g'rab . KÜ enAxagtÒËg KWfaenARtg'eCIg+ntYRVsaT x>g'rabmansPaBecateRtgmkelITIdIvalkm>¨Ca cMENk SRtg'TisxageCIgenATIbMput+nx>g'rabdIeTrCMraleTArkRbeTs+f . erOgenHehIyEdlnaM{!G~kksagRVsaT Bn,Ëtf~l'CeNI-rBIxageCIgeTAxagtÒËg . XÜ x>g'rabmansPaBrabesI#suTÏsaF . gÜ x>g'rabrab'cUlk~¨gCYrkMBUlPM~ ehIytaMgenARtg'bnÊat'EdlEbgEckTwk .
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 5
2á edImkMeNItRVsaTburaN RVsaTRBHviharEdleQ#aHmann&yfa ÅbuK`lCaTIeKarBÇ mann&yfa ÅGaramCaTIeKarBÇ pßaymkBI PasasM¿sw}t ÅviharÇ BitCarab'cUly"agdac'xatk~¨gekr-¢btikP&NÎxagsilÒ:nigxagRbvt-isaRs-Ex#r .
GMBIrebobsMNg'vij lkÓN:RKb'EbbTaMgGs'+nRVsaT dUcCaTRmg'Epnkar rebobsMNg' dMeNIrtak'Etg lMGrUbepßg@ KWCasilÒ:rbs'Ex#rTaMgRsug ;tmanxI(BIsilÒ:breTsNamYyd*tictYc ykmkbJ(ËllayLM eLIy . k~¨gerOgsilacarik GkßrEdlcarwkenATIenaHTaMgGs'CaPasaEx#rnigCaPasasM¿s}wtEdlCarbs' pßayecjBIRBHmhakßRtEx#rÍBI;sßrCnCan' x>s'Ex#rTaMgLaytaMgBIRBHVTyesavr&#nTI1 EdlRBHGg`RTg'CaG~kksagRVsaTGg`rrhUt mkdl' RBHVTsuriyvr#&nTI2 EdlRBHGg`RTg' CaG~kksagRVsaTGg`rvt-enaH . mancarwk CaeRcIn x,HmanRbeyaCn_y"agBiesssMrab'Rb vti-saRs-+nRbeTskm>¨CaCaBiessdUcCacarwk rbs'elak TivekrbNiÎt CaRBHraCRKU+nRBH mhakßRtiy_Ex#rLayEdlRTg'esayraC!bnRBHsn-tivgßtaMgBI RBHVThars:vr&#nTI3 mk Gg`GvtaRBHvis=¨RTg'Kg'enAelIsIrsanaK+nsmuRTsaKr
TMB&r 6
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
dl'RBHVTsuriyvr&#nTI2 . erOgTaMgenHehIyVnebIk{kas{!GacbJðak'sMerclkÓN:TaMgLay+nrebobsM Ng'rbs'RVsaTGg`rvt-Vn . SRckcUld*FMeTAk~¨gRVsaTEdlmanenABIxageCIgenaH ;tmann&yGI¡mYyeLIy . tamFm#ta RVsaT enHKWsg'tameKalEdlTak'TgnwgdICarbs'Ex#rTaMgRsug enAsm&yGg`r . BiBNàna+nRVsaTCakm#vt/¨+nesckI-CUndMNwgBiessmYy È[bsm&>nÏTImYyÉ .
Rkdas'RVk'Ex#r enACMnan'Tsvtßr_60
3á karrMlwkxagRbvt-isaRskarBinit!erOgRBHviharenH tMrUv{!eJldl'sniÏsJÔaEdlmant@mkedaysegÓbenAsm&yCamYyK~a rvagRbeTsVraMgnigRbeTsesom . dUec~H eKcaMVnfaBIq~aM1863 mkq~aM1953 RbeTskm>¨CaCaRbeTsGaNaB!aVlVraMgk~¨gEdn dI;NËÎcinVraMgEdlmanelak KUrvrNIhßeNra"l GaRs&yenARkughaNUyCaRbmux . rebobRKb'RKg+nRbeTsGaNaB!aVl Vn RbKl'neyaVyRbeTs +nRbeTskm>¨CaeTAelIRb eTsVraMg . GI¡TaMgGs'EdlsI-BIkarTak'Tg+nRbeTskm>¨Ca CamYybreTs si/tenAeRkamraCkarVraMg . dUec~H RbeTsVraMgRtUvTak'TgCamYyRbeTsesomÈRbeTs+fsB¡+f©É CaRbeTsmanRBMRbTl'EdnCab' K~anwgEdndI;NÎËcinEdlmanRbeTskm>¨CaCaedImenaH .
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 7
1á sniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI15sIha1856: ÈsniÏsJÔaBaNiCðkm#rvagRbeTsVraMgnigRbeTsesomÉ . 2á sniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI15kk}da1867: RbeTsesomTTYls`al'GaNaB!aVlVraMgelIRbeTskm>¨Ca . RbeTsVraMgRBmRbKl'ext-TaMgBIr KWVt'dMbgnigesobrab {!RbeTsesom . 3á sniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI3tula1893: RbeTsesomQb'kYckan'RVf~acg'VnTIdITaMgGs'Edlsi/telIeRtIyxageq¡g+nTen,emkug nigelIekaH TaMgLay+nTen,enaH . esomsn!amindak'kgkm,aMgT&BGI¡mYyenAk~¨gextVt'dMbgnigext-esobrabeLIy . 4á GnusJÔacuH+f©TI13kum§:1904: enHCaGt/bTRbkbedaysar: . Gt/bTenHmanvt/¨bMNgCaGaT¢edImIÒbJðak'nUvbnÊat'd*RtwmRtUvBitRVkd +nRBMRbTl'EdnrvagRbeTsesomnigRbeTskm>¨Ca . RbkarTI1+nGnusJÔaenHCakm#vt/¨Biess . RbkarTI1«á RBMRbTl'EdnrvagRbeTs RVsaTRBHvihareKab"Ur:TI2 esomnigRbeTskm>¨Ca RbRBWt-eTAtameRtIy xageq¡g+nTen,sabBImat'JmswÊgrlYseTA RBMRbTl'EdnenHRbRBwt-eTARsbK~anwgcMNu cxagelIeTATwsxagekIt rhUtdl'swÊgERB kkMBg'cam rYcgakeTAxageCIg b"HnwgExß xNÎcMNucxagelI eLIgrhUtdl'CYrPM~dgErk . BITIenHeTARBMRbTl'EdnRbRBwt-tambnÊat'EbgEckTwkrvagTen, NaMesnnwgTen, emkugmYyEp~knigTen,NaMmYnmYyEp~kehIyeTAPðab'nwgCYrPM~V"dg' EdlRbRBwt-eTAtamkMBUlPM~ Rtg'eTATisxagekItrhUtdl'Ten,emkug . enAxagelITwk+ncMNucenHTen,emkugsi/tenACaRBMRbTl'Edn+nRBH raCGaNacRkesomedayGnuelamtamRbkarTI1+nsniÏsJÔa cuH+f©TI3tula1893 . RbkarTI3«á nwgRtUvkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnrvagEdndITaMgLay+nRbeTs;NÎËcinVraMgnigRBHraCGaNacRk esom . KN:km#karcMruHTaMgLaymannayTahanCasmaCikehIyEdlRbeTsCab'kic(sn!aTaMgBIr CaG~k EtgtaMgenaHRtUverobcMkMNt'RBMEdnenH««« . bTbJÔti-TaMgenH nigbTbJÔti-EdlmanteTAeTot k~¨gGnusJÔa nwgelIkykmkeJly"agBis-ark~¨gGg`esc kI-CUndMNwgbc(¨bÒn~enH . 5á sniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI23mina1907: RbeTsesomVnRbKl'RtLb'{!mkRbeTsVraMgvij KWfa{!mkRbeTskm>¨Ca nUvext-Vt'dMbg esom rab nigsIusUpun EdlRBMRbTl'Ednd*eTogTat'mansMercrYcehIyCaeRsck~¨gxTaMgLay+nBIFIkarEdldak'Cab' CamYysniÏsJÔaRsab' .
TMB&r 8
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
cMENkRbeTsVraMgk*VnRbKl'{!eTARbeTsesom nUvext-dan'say nigext-Rtat' RBmTaMgekaHTaMg Gs'Edlsi/tenAxagtÒËgeRCayELnlwg edayrab'cUlTaMgekaHkutpg . sniÏsJÔaVnEcgfa karkMNt'RBM Ednd*Cak'lak'+nEdndITaMgLayEdlRbKl'{!mkenHnwgRtUvKN:km#karcMruHmYyCaG~keFI¡k~¨gry:eBl4Exta mkarsc(ab&n~+nsniÏsJÔa . BiFIkarEdldak'Pðab'mknwgsniÏsJÔabJðak'nUvcMNucd*FM@TaMgLay+nkarkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnedImIÒ{!KN: km#karkargarnwgeFI¡karenaH . cab'BIcMNucmYyEdlsi/tenAelIPM~dgErkeTAdl'Jk'kN-alp,ËvCacen,aHRck eQ#aHcugtaeka nigRckeQ#aHcugsaeft RBMRbTl'EdnRbRBwt-eTAtambnÊat'EbgEckTwkrvagTen,sab nigTen, emkugmYyEp~k ehIynigTen,NaMmYnmYyEp~k rYceTAdl'Ten,emkugCaxageRkamb"HmYn Rtg'mat'Jm+v"DU eday GnuelamtamtRmayEdlKN:km#karxagkarEckRBMEdnelIkmunkalBI+f©TI15mkra1907 VnGnum&tenaH . KMnUsRJgsegÓb+nRBMRbTl'EdndUcVnBNànaxagelIenHmandak'Cab'mknwgBiFIbc(¨bÒn~enH . 6á sniÏsJÔaxagmit-PaBxagJNiCðkm#nigkgnavacr cuH+f©TI14kum§:1925 Ý sniÏsJÔaenHbJðak' bEn/mnigFanacMeJHRBMRbTl'EdnEdlVns/abnaehIy k~¨geBlmun rvagEdndIRbeTskm>¨CanigRbeTsesom edayGnuelamtamkic(RBmeRBogBImunmkehIy EdlenACaFrmany"agRtwmRtUvenAeLIy ÈRbkarTI2É . k~¨gGnusJÔaenH manEcgesckI-fa kars#¨RKs#ajTaMgLayEdlminGacedaHRsayVntamp,ËvTUt Ítam kic(RBmeRBogsMruHsMrYlNamYyenaH RtUvdak'CUneTA{!G~kGaCççakN-alm~ak'ÍeRcInnak' CYyvinic&<yÍebIK#anG~k GaCçakN-aleTRtUvdak'CUneTAsalatulakarGci+¿n-y_Gn-rCatiÈRbkarTI2É . RbkarTI27+nsniÏsJÔak*manEcgesckIdUec~HeTotfa sniÏsJÔaenHGaclb'ecalnUv sniÏsJÔad+T GnusJÔa nigkarsMruHsMrYl TaMgLayEdlVneFI¡rYcehIy rvagRbeTs VraMgnigRbeTsesomVn evorElgEtxTaMg LayEdlTak''TgcMeJHesckI-sMerc ehIy nigkarkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnEdlmanenAk~¨g sniÏsJÔa cuH+f©TI3tula1893 k~¨gGnus PM~RBHvihar JÔacuH +f©TI13kum§:1904 nigk~¨gsniÏsJÔa cuH+f©TI23mina1907 ehIynigBiFIkarrbs'x,ÁnEdlenACab'CamYyenaHecj . 7á GnusJÔacuH+f©TI25sIha1926 Ý GnusJÔaenH sMercnUvkarkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnxagTen,emkug rvagRbeTsesomnigRbeTs;NÎËcin ehIybegI}t{!manshRbtibti-karmYyrvagRbeTsTaMgBIr xagRkumRBH nKrVl nigxagsni-suxenAtamTen, . 8á sniÏsJÔamit-PaBxagJNiCðkm#nignavacr cuH+f©TI7F~Ë1937 Ý sniÏsJÔaenHbJðak'bEn/mCafI#
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 9
elIRBMRbTl'EdnEx#ráesom EdlVnkMNt'TukrYcehIyBIeBlmun RBmTaMgrkßaTuk{!enACaFrmany"agdac' xat cMeJHcMNucenHnUv GnusJÔa1904 nig GnusJÔa1907 ÈRbkarTI22É . 9á GnusJÔasni-PaBrvagRbeTsVraMgnigRbeTsesomÈ+f©TI9[sPa1940É Ý GnusJÔaenHVnTTYl karcuHht/elxaenARkugtUk¥ËtamGn-raKmn_+nRbeTsCb"unEdlVntMrUv{!manyuTÏsni-PaB edImIÒbJ]b'karRbTU s-rayEdlRbeTs+fVnRbRBwt-RbqaMgnwgRbeTskm>¨Ca KWfaRbqaMgnwgVraMgenHSg k~¨gExvici<ka1940 . tamGnusJÔaenH rd%aPiVlVraMgenARkugrIsI$ edaymankarbgMÓBIRbeTsCb"un VnRtUvlHbg'ecalnUvextEx#rEp~kxaglic KWext-Vt'dMbg kMBg'FMmYyPaK ext-swÊgERtg nig ext-esomrab . ehtudUec~H GnusJÔaenH VnEkERbRBMRbTl'Ednrvag;NÎËcin nigRbeTs+f ÈRbkar2É . 10á kic(RBmeRBogV"raMgáesomEdlTTYlkarcuHht/elxaenA+f©TI17vici<ka1942 naRkugva"sIunetan Ý kic(RBmeRBogenHrMlayecalnUvGnusJÔa cuH+f©TI9[sPa1940 Edlrd%aPiVlVraMgVnbdiesFecal k~¨geBlmux ehIys/abnaCafI#eLIgvijnUvcÒab'cas'EdlekItmanmunGnusJÔaenH ÈRbkar2É . Rbkar2 bJðak'fa ehtudUec~H EdndI;NÎËcinCakm#vt/¨+nGnusJÔaenHRtUvepÊrmk{!raCkarVraMg . kic( RBmeRBogbJðak'fakic(RVRs&yTak'TgxagkarTUtVnRtUvs/abnaeLIgvijehIykarTak'TgrvagRbeTsVraMgnig RbeTsesomk*RtUvmanCafI#eLIgvijtamsniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI7F~Ë1937 . kic(RBmeRBogVnbJðak'm"!ageTotfa xageRkaykarepÊrTwkdIEdlVnRbKl'{!k~¨geBlmunm-gehIyenaH manKN:km#karbRgYbbRgYmmYyVnTTYl karBinit!eRKOgsMGagxagCatiBinϨxagPUmisaRs-nigxagesd%kic(+nKUvivaT edImIÒerIBinit!CafI# ÍbJðak'bEn/mnUv xTaMgLay+nsniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI1tula1993+nGnusJÔacuH+f©TI13kum§:1904 nig sniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI23mina 1907 EdlsniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI7F~Ë1937ÈRbkar3É VnrkßaTuk{!enACaFrman . KNkm#karenHVnrYmRb CMuK~aenAq~aM1947 . eRkaykarBinit!bJ$ad*sB¡RKb' KN:km#karVnsMerccit-fa mincaMVc'Binit!RBMRbTl' EdnCafI#eLIgvijeLIy . KN:km#karmanCaBiessnUvG~kdMNagEx#rá+f nigVraMgCasmaCik .
4á Rbvt-ierOgvivaT+nRBHvihar enAxagedIm mancg̨lRVb'fa GnusJÔacuH+f©TI13kum§:1904 VnbJðak'nUvbnÊat'RBMRbTl'EdnrvagRb eTs+fnigRbeTskm>¨Ca ehIyVnRJgbegI}tKN:km#karcMruH TTYlkarxagkMNt'bnÊat'RBMRbTl'EdnenH . VnbJðak'CafI#nUvbnÊat'RBMRbTl'EdnehIy xageRkayEdlsniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI23mina1907 VnRbKl' {!mkvijdl'RbeTsVraMg KWfadl'RbeTskm>¨Ca nUvTwkdIfI#TaMgLayEdlsi/tenAEp~k xageCIgnigEp~kxag licRbeTs . k~¨gtMbn'RBHvihar bnÊat'RBMRbTl'EdnVnsMercrYcehIytamGnusJÔaq~aM1904 ehIyVnTaMgbJðak'k~¨g {kasRbtibti-GnusJÔaenaH eRJHtMbn'enHeTACatMbn'Ex#rrYcehIyCaeRsc munkarRtLb'RbKl'{!CafI#m-geTot enAq~aM1907enaH .
TMB&r 10
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
bnÊat'RBMRbTl'EdnenHVnTTYlkarbJðak'bEn/mBIsniÏsJÔaq~aM1907 . diÒtBiFIkarEdldak'Pðab'nwgsniÏ sJÔaenHbJðak'fa cab'taMgBIcMNucmYyEdlsi/tenAelICYrPM~dgErk ÈehIycMNucenHKWBitCasi/tenAEp~kxag lic+nRBHviharenaHÉ RBMRbTl'EdnrlaycUlCamYytRmayEdlKN:km#karkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnelIkmunVn Gnum&tehIy enA+f©TI15mkra1907 ÈKN:km#karenHVnrYmRbCMuedayGnuvt-n_GnusJÔa1904É . dUec~H edayGnuelamtamGnusJÔacuH+f©13kum§:1904 KN:km#karcMruHTaMgLayVnRtUveKtaMg{!man eLIg edImIÒsMercbnÊat'RBMRbTl'Edn{!VneTogTat' . Rbkar3+nGnusJÔaVnEcgfa RbeTsVraMg nigRb eTsesom RtUvEtgtaMgnayTahanTaMgLayedImIÒ{!eF¡ICasmaCik+nKN:km#karxagelIenH ehIykargar+n KN:km#karnwgRtUvRbRBwt-eTAEtcMeJHRBMRbTl'EdnEdlVnsMercehIyk~¨gRbkar1 Rbkar2 +nsniÏsJÔaRBm TaMgRbRBwt-eTAcMeJHEtelItMbn'EdlmanenACacen,aHTen,sabnigsmuRT . KN:km#karcMruHRtUvTTYlkarEtgtaMgnigRtUvcab'epI-meFI¡kargarrbs'x,Án k~¨gry:eBl4Ex cab'BImankar {!bc(ab&n~elIGnusJÔa1904mk . KN:km#karenHVntaMgenACaeRcInq~aM ehIyVnebIk TwkdIesom eBlRbCMuCaeRcInelIk . nayTahanTaMgLayxagPUmisaRsVnbMeBjkargar+nKN:km#kar . KWnayTahaxagPUmisa Rs-enHehIyEdlVneFI¡karBinit!CacaMVc'RKb'y"agdl'TI TwkdIkm¨>Ca RVsaTRBHvihar kEn,g . kargarTaMgLay+nKN:km#karnigesckI-sMercrbs'x,Án maneJledaysegÓbk~¨gesckI-kt'ehtuTaMgLay CaGaTik~¨g RBMEdnEx#ráesomenadMbn'RBHviharÈGnusJÔa1904É esckI-kt'ehtucuH+f©TI2F~Ë1906 cuH+f©TI3mkra1907 cuH+f© TI18 nigTI19mkra1907 cuH+f©TI2tula1907 . mancg̨lRVb'k~¨gesckI-kt'ehtuTaMgenaHfa k~¨gtMbn'PM~dgErk bnÊat'RBMRbTl'EdnrlaycUlCamYy bnÊat'EbgEckTwk . KN:km#karEdlVnrYmRbCMuedImIÒGnuvt-n_sniÏsJÔaq~aM1907 ÈeBlRbCMucugeRkaybgÌs' enA+f©TI6mifuna 1908É VnEcgfakareVHeKalVneFI¡rYcehIysMrab'RBMRbTl'EdnTaMgGs' rvag;NÎËcin nigRbeTsesom . manesckI-bJðak'CaBiessfa eKalsJÔaRBMRbTl'EdnCasIum"g' CaEdkÍCaeQI mantaMgenARtg'cMNuc FM@x,H+nRBMRbTl'Edn . bJIðraynamEdlmandak'Pðab'mknwgesckI-kt'ehtucuH+f©TI6mifuna1908 eJlrab'cMNucTaMgenaHb"uEn;tmaneXIjrab'RBHviharpgeLIy . minEtb"ueN=aHesat kal:eTs:EdlKYr{!s-ayenHVnTaMgeFI¡{!eXIj fa kardaMeKal;tmanVneFI¡k~¨gtMbn'enaHeLIy . m"!ageTot KN:km#karVnTaMgRJgeFI¡EpnTImYyEdlmanRBMRbTl'EdnTaMgGs'rvag;NÎËcinnigRbeTs
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 11
esom edayeRbISksarkargarxageFI¡EdnTI karRtayp,Ëvf~l' Btàmanepßg@TaMgGs' . EpnTIRtUvEtbJðak'{!eXIjedayKMnUsnUvesckI-sMerccit-+nKN:km#karcMruH edaycuHk~¨gbJIðy"agd*Rtwm RtUv nUvkarkMNt'RBMRbTl'Edn+nEpnTI . SksarTaMgLayxageFI¡EpnTI VnRtUveKs/abnad*BitRVkdtamkareFI¡bn-K~aCalMdab'cMeJHkic(RBmeRBog sI-BIkMNt'RBMRbTl'Edn . SksarenHmanRVMsnw,k 1Ü200«000 Edlmandak'sarVnfa ÅEpnTI+nKN: km#karkMNt'RBMRbTl'Ednrvag;NËÎcinnigRbeTsesomÇ . EpnTIenHVns/abnaeLIgCaBIreBl Ý 1á EpnTIelIkdMbUg Vns/abnaeLIgedayGnuvt-n_GnusJÔacuH+f©TI13kum§:1904 ehIyEdlsi/tenA eRkamkardwknaM+nelak lIyWutWNg'kULËENlEb^rNa . EpnTIenHmanRBMRbTl'EdnfI#TaMgGs' BIsmuRTeTA Ten,emkug edayGnuelamtamBiBNàna enAk~¨gRbkar1á2 nig3 +nGnusJÔaenaH . 2á EpnTITIBIr VnRtUvKN:ebskkm#m"ugh&`r ÈMission montguersÉ CaG~ks/abnaeLIg tamsniÏsJÔa cuH+f©TI23mina1907 ehIyk~¨gsniÏsJÔaenH RbeTsesomVnRbKl'dl'RbeTsVraMg nUvTwkdId*sMxan'@Ca eRcInEdlenAEp~kxaglic+nRbeTskm>¨Ca . EpnTITI2enH eTAcb'RtwmCYrPM~dgErkRtg'cMNucEdltRmayfI# ÈenAq~aM1907É yktamRBMRbTl'Edncas'ÈenAq~aM1904É rhUtdl'Ten,emkug ;tmanEkERbGI¡eLIy .
GMBIRBHvihar sniÏsJÔa1907 minVneFI¡esckI-EkERbGI¡mYycMeJHTIkEn,genaHeT KWfaRtUvsi/tenAdEdltamesckI-sM erc+nGnusJÔa1904 . dUec~H RtUvriHrkTIkEn,gRBHviharenHk~¨gSksarTI1 dUcVneJlxagelI ehIyCaBi essRtUvemIlk~¨gsnw,k 1Ü200«000 Edlmandak'sarVnfa ÅdgErkÇ Èmandak'Cab'mkenHÉ . SkarBinit!snw,kenH bg$ajPs-¨tagy"agCak'cÒas'fa tMbn'RBHviharsi/tenAk~¨gEdndIEx#r . m"!ageTot manEpnTIesommYy 1Ü200«000 EdlRkumPUmisaRs-esomVns/abnaeLIg . BitEmnEt EpnTIenaHeFI¡edaysegÓb k*snw,kelx44+nEpnTIenaH EdlsI-BIRBMRbTl'EdnenAdgErk cuHnieTÊsd*BitRV kdfa TIkEn,gRVsaTRBHvihar si/tenABÏd*xagk~¨gEdndIEx#r . EpnTIesomenH EdlpßaymkBIRkumkargar+nKN:km#karxagkMNt'RBMEdn bg$ajP&s-¨tag{!eXIjfa raCkaresomVnTTYls`al'Cap,ËvkarnUvdMbn'RBHvihar faCadMbn'manlkÓN:CaEx#r . Ep~kTaMgBIr+nEpnTIVraMg nigEpnTIesomBitCamansPaBminRsbK~aeT b"uEn-bg$aj{!eXIjfa mankarRbhak'RbEhlK~aCaeRcIn . eRJH RVsaTRBHviharmankMNt'y"agCak'cÒas'k~¨gEpnTITaMgBIrenaH . RBMRbTl'EdnenACaxageCIgdac'Nat'BIRVsaTRBHvihar cm©ayRbEhl500Em"Rt . karRbEhlK~a+n SksarTaMgBIrxagelIbJðak'{!eXIjd*BitRVkdfa KUrTaMgsgxagÈesomnigVraMgÉVnRBmeRBogCamYyK~aTuk
TMB&r 12
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
RBHviha{!si/tenAEdndIEx#r . sUmCMrabfa EpnTI+nsn!anuPaB 1Ü100«000 EdlCakars/abnarbs'GaCIvkm#xagftrUb xagGakas 1Ü50«000 nwgCakars/abna+nkarBRgIkEpnTI 1Ü200«000 rbs'KN:km#karxagkMNt'RBMEdn kMNt' tRmayRBMEdntamdMeNIrEdlfaRVsaTRBHviharsi/tenAk~¨gEdndIEx#renaH .
RVsaTRBHvihareKab"Ur:TI2 CaTIbMput edImIÒbJðak'karBinit!xagEpnTIenH eKsUmrMlwk{!dwgfa EpnTI b^Urma"m"aLayaMGg';NÎËsI$Na EdlRkum ÅefehßGURh`ahI¡kal'GaMgsIÊTuteGDInb^Uk1953Ç VneVHBum>pßay enAcRkPBGg'eK,s bg$aj{! eXIjy"agCak'cÒas'fa RBHviharenAk~¨gEdndIEx#r . sUmCMrabCaGvsanfa tamesckI-RbkaseRcInelIk Cap,Ëvkar rd%aPiVl+fk*VnRbkasy"agCak'cÒas' fa RVsaTRBHviharsi/tenAk~¨gEdndIEx#rEdr . kÉá enA+f©TI14mkra1954 rd%aPiVlRbeTs+f VneqI,ytbtamlkÓx&NÎdUcteTA cMeJHG~ksYredj edalepßg@EdlCasmaCik+nrd%sPa . dMNagra¿s-CaG~ksYredjedalTaMgLayVndNw-gsYrfa etIkarEdlRbeTs+fTTYls`al'RbeTskm>¨ Ca tMrUv{!RbeTs+fQb'kYckan'Cas/aBrnUvsiTÏirbs'x,ÁnelIext-TaMgLayEdlRtLb'RbKl'{!CafI#m-geTotenA q~aM1947Í . RBHGg`m(as'GFib Card%m¿nI-RksYgkarbreTs+f VnmanRBHbnÊËlbJðak'fa RTg'Kitdl't+m,SkraC!+n RbeTskm>¨Ca CagkarVnext-TaMgLayEdlRtUvRbKl'{!eTARbeTskm>¨CavijenAq~aM1946eTAeTot . RTg'Vn manRBHbnÊËlEfmeTotfa rd%aPiVl+fminRbRBwt-neyaVyBRgIkEdndIeT ehIyRbeTs+fmanesckI-eBjcit-
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 13
edayeXIjmankarEktRmUvRBMRbTl'Ednx,H EdlmanRbeyaCn_bn-icbn-Ác dUcCabJ$aPM~xaváRBHvihar . rd%a PiVl+feBjcit-tamcMNucTaMgenaH k~¨gkic(crcasMruHsMrYlCamYyRbeTskm>¨Ca edayGnuelamtamcÒab'Gn-r Cati . ehtudUec~H KWfaRbeTs+fTTYls`al'd*BitRVkdfa RBHviharCarbs'RbeTskm>¨Ca . xÉá BIrábI ExeRkaymk enA+f©TI13F~Ë1955 esnaRbmuxPWnKunhaev" Card%m¿nI-TI1+fsI-TI k~¨gesc kI-RbkascMeJHTIP~ak'garsarBtàmanVraMg VnRbkasGMBIerOgbJ$aRBMRbTl'Ednfa rd%aPiVl+fmanbMNgnwg cat'taMgKN:km#karmYyedImIÒkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnrvagRbeTs+f RbeTslav nigRbeTskm>¨Ca ehIyfaCa Biess KYrKbIÒEtedaHRsaybJ$aPM~RBHviharEdlenATIenaH RBHecAraCaFiraCEx#rmYyRBHGg` VnRTg'ksagRV saTmYyEdleKGacnwgGeJIðjeTAdl' EtedayRtac'tamEdndI+fenaH ÈsarBtàmanevotNamelx1764cuH +f©TI14F~Ë1955É . Rtg'enHeTot KWCakarTTYls`al'd*BitRVkdfa RBHviharCarbs'RbeTskm>¨CaEmn@ . KÉá esovePA+fmYymanlkÓN:Cap,Ëvkar ehIydak'eQ#aHfa Å+f+Nsm&ysagqatÇ eVHBum>pßay enABuTÏskraC2484 ÈRKws-skraC1941É manGt/bT+nGnusJÔaRkugtUk¥Ë cuH+f©TI9[sPa1941 EdlVn RbKl'dl'RbeTs+f nUvGtItEdndI;NÎËcinVraMgmYycMENkxagRbeTslavnigRbeTskm>¨Ca ehIybJðak' edaymanTaMgrUbftCaCMnYypgfa RVsaTRBHvihar nig vt-pU ÈRBMRbTl'EdnlavÉ VncUlmkCarbs'RbeTs +f bnÊab'BImankarEkERbRBMRbTl'Edn tamGnusJÔaenH . Rtg'TIenHeTot KWTTYls`al'fa RBHvihar munq~aM1941 BitCarbs'Ex#r . sniÏsJÔanaRkugva"sIuntun cuH+f©TI17[sPa1946 EdlVns/abnaeLIgvij nUvcÒab'edImTaMgGs' sIGMBIEdndITaMgLay+nGtIt;NÎËcinVraMg minRtwmEtVnTukGnusJÔa1941 CaemaX:b"ueN=aHeT SKN:km#kar bRgYbbRgYmEdlVnRtUveKtaMgeLIgedImIÒGnuvt-n_sniÏsJÔaenH k*VnTaMgTTYls`al'eTotfa minVneFI¡esckIEkERbfI#GI¡mYyxagRBMRbTl'EdnEdlTak'TgeTAnwgs/ankarN_munq~aM1941eLIy . raCkar+nRbeTs+fVn RbKl'{!eTARbeTslavvij nUvRVsaTvt-pU b"uEn-;tmanRbKl'RVsaTRBHvihardl'RbeTskm>¨CaeLIy . C C C
TMB&r 14
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
5á edImkMeNIt+nkarvivaT rvagRbeTskm>¨CanigRbeTs+f eTaHbImanbTbJÔti-d*y"agcÒas'las'+nsniÏsJÔaTaMgLay eTaHbImankarbMPW,BISksarxageFI¡EpnTIEdl s/abnaeLIgedayGnusJÔaTaMgenaH eTaHbImanesckI-RbkasCap,Ëvkarx,H+nrd%aPiVl+fEdlelIkykmkeJl rMlwk{!dwgRtg'kfax&NÎTI4 k~¨gbc(¨bÒn~esckI-CUndMNwgenHk*eday raCkarRbeTs+fk*enAEtminRBmQb'eFI¡ Vtukm#edaysJÔaepßg@ fax,ÁnenAEtcUlcit-TukRVsaTRBHviharCaRVsaTtaMgenAk~¨gEdndI+fdEdleTot . KYr{!FujRTan'nwgeJlerobrab'erOgehtuTaMgGs'EdlbJðak'{!eXIjBitRVkdnUvqnÊ:+nraCkarRbeTs +f edImIÒsMKal'faRVsaTRBHviharsi/tenAk~¨gdI+fenaHCaBn'eBk . sUmeJlrMlwkEtkarb-ËrlixitxagkarTUtd*FM@ EdlVnekItmaneLIgk~¨gerOgenH . kÉá munSkraC!RbeTskm>¨Ca s/anSkGK`raCTUt+nRbeTsVraMg RbcaMRkugVgkk Vntva"CaeRcIn elIk RbqaMgnwgkarRbRBwt-iraCkar+f Ý 1Ü lixitkt'ehtuelx29Ü49ÜC cuH+f©TI10kum§:1949 tva"RbqaMgnwgehtufa raCkarRbeTs+fVn bJðËnq#aMm~ak' nigkUnKUlI3nak' {!eTAkab'q}a+RBecjBIRVsaTRBHvihar . KWlixitkt'ehtuRbqaMgnwgkarCiHCan' TwkdIxuscÒab'enHehIyEdlbJðak'fa RVsaTRBHviharsi/tenAk~¨gEdndIEx#reT . 2Ü lixitkt'ehtuelx69Ü49ÜC cuH+f©TI21mina1949 bJðak'bEn/melIesckI-tva"elIkmun ehIy sMucMeJHrd%m¿nI-+nxagRksYgkarbreTs {!bMVt'kMu{!mans/ankarN_RbkbedayesckI-sg&ßyEdlpßaymk BIkarRbRBwt-irbs'rd%aPiVlelak ehIyCaBiesssMu{!bn/yq#aMCati+fTaMgLayEdltaMgenAEkÒrRVsaTenaH cakecj . 3Ü kalBI+f©TI28kk}da1949 tamlixitelx197 elakeLGugm"arsal' CaSkGK`raCTUt+nRbeTs VraMgRbcaMRkugVgkk VnCUndMNwgdl'G~ks~gkarCan'x>s'+nRbeTsVraMgRbcaMRbeTs;NÎËcinfa P~ak'gar raCkarm~ak'+ns/anSkGK`raCTUtrbs'elak Vnbg$ajEpnTIkMNt'RBMRbTl'Edn 1Ü200«000 cMeJHGK`na yk+nmnIÊrxagbUJàTis enAmnIÊrrd%m¿nI-+fxagRksYgkarbreTs . P~ak'garraCkarenHEdlTTYls`al'Tukkar tva"TamTar+nRbeTskm>¨CafaCamansPaBd*RtwmRtUvenaH VnbJðak'faEpnTITaMgLayEdlVnepIçmk VnRtUv eKdak'{!KN:rd%m¿nI-Binit!ehIy ehIyfas/anSkGK`raCTUt+nRbeTsVraMgnwgVnnUvesckI-eBjcit-k~¨geBl eRkayCaminxan . ScemI,yEdlVnpßayecjenH minEdleXIjVnmkdl's/anSkGK`raCTUt+nRbeTsV raMgesaH .
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 15
4Ü lixitkt'ehtuelx1180 cuH+f©TI3kk}da1950 +ns/anSkGK`raCTUtRbeTsVraMg RbcaMVgkk VnepIçCUneTArd%aPiVl+f edImIÒrMlwkGMBIlixitEdlx,ÁnVnepIçeTAk~¨geBlmun . xá lixitTaMgLayGMBIerOgRVsaTRBHvihar VnRtUveKepIçb-ËrK~aeTAvijeTAmkCafI#enAeBleRkaySkraC! +nRbeTskm>¨Ca rvags/anSkGK`raCTUtEx#rEdleTIbnwgtaMgfI#enAnaRkugVgkk nigrd%aPiVlRbeTs+f . lTÏplCaviCðman;tVnekItmanbni-cesaHeLIy . karRbRBwti-+nraCkarRbeTs+fenAEtdEdl rd%aPiVlEx#rk*RtUvEteFI¡esckI-tva"dUcK~anwgesckI-tva"Edl G~kdMNagTaMgLay+nrd%aPiVlVraMgVnepIçCUneTArd%aPiVl+fenaHEdr . 1«á dUec~H tamlixitelx14-DGP-X cuH+f©TI22mkra1954 SkGK`raCTUt+nRbeTskm>¨CaRbcaM RkugVgkk Vntva"cMeJHrd%m¿nI-RksYgkarbreTs+f RbqaMgnwgesckI-bg`ab'EdlraCkarext-m"mGanÈRbeTs +fÉ KWfaraCkarext-enHVnbg`ab'{!KUlIEx#r3nak'EdlraCkarEx#rVneRCIsykmk{!enAEfrkßaRVsaTenaH {!Qb'bMeBjmuxkarrbs'x,Án nig{!fyecjBITIenaHpg . 2«á tamlixitkt'ehtueFI¡ ÈX,aenHrlb'Vt'BIsMeNAedImÉ 1954 EdlCacemI,yTI1rbs'rd%aPiVl+f k~¨gerOgenHrd%m¿nI-+fRksYgkarbreTsVnRVb'faVnTTYllixit+nKN:ebskkm#xagkarTUtrbs'eyIgehIy edaybJðak'fa elaknwgBinit!lixitenHedaykarykcit-Tukdak' .
RVsaTRBHvihareKab"Ur:TI3
TMB&r 16
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
3ÂŤĂĄ kalBI+fŠTI13mina1954 SkGK`raCTUt+nRbeTskm>¨Ca VnCYbCamYyGnurd%elxaFikarRksYg karbreTs+nrd%aPiVl+f ehIyelakenHVnRVb'fa bJ$aRBHvihartMrUv{!rd%aPiVlelakBinit!edayh#t'ct' ehIyfa elakmuxnwgeFIÂĄCUn{!RtwmRtUvtamJk!sMu+nrd%aPiVlEx#r . b"uEn-raCkarRbeTs+f enAEt{!Tahan+femIlEfrkĂ&#x;aRVsaTRBHviharenaHteTAeTotdEdl . 4ÂŤĂĄ enA+fŠTI9mifuna1954 elakSkGK`raCTUt+nRbeTskm>CaRbcaMVgkk VnepIçlixitfI#mYy eTA mnIĂ&#x160;rrd%mÂżnI-RksYgkarbreTs+f sMu{!eFIÂĄGn-raKmn_cMeJHraCkarmansmt/PaB+nRbeTsrbs'x,Ă n edImIĂ&#x2019;{!Ta hanfyecjBItMbn'RBHvihar Edlx,Ă nVnkan'kab'enaH . eTaHbIeFIÂĄsMeNIrKitKUry"agdUcem-ck*eday k*;tVnlTĂ?plGIÂĄeLIy rd%aPiVlEx#rVneJlrMlwkerOg xagelIenHCajwkjy ehtuTaMgenHehIyEdlbg$aj{!eXIjfa rd%aPiVlEx#rminEmnbeN-ayTukerOgenH {!sabrlayeLIy RBmTaMgbN-al{!eXIjkarykcit-Tukdak'Cax,aMg+nrd%aPiVlEx#rcMeJHbJ$aenH . eTaHbImankarKitKUCajwkjy;tlMEh dUcVneJlxagenHk*eday rd%aPiVlRbeTs+f k*enAEtrwg TTwgrkĂ&#x;aTuknUvTahanTaMgLayenATIkEn,genaH {!CaG~kEfrkĂ&#x;anigGnurkĂ&#x;RVsaTRBHvihar EdlCaRBHRVsaT si/tenAk~¨gdIEx#renaH . Vtukm#xagkarCiHCan'rbs'raCkarRbeTs+f;tVnQb'm-gesaH ehIyVneFIÂĄ{!eXIjCaTRmg'epĂ&#x;g@ . 5ÂŤĂĄ dUec~HRBHraCrd%aPiVlVndwg Ă? enAk~¨gExmkra1955 faraCkarRbeTs+fVnykpĂ&#x160;aMgmYy carikCaGkĂ&#x;rEx#rnigGkĂ&#x;r +feTAeVHenASRBHvihar hamXat'CnbreTsTaMgGs' min{!Rtac'eTAtamRVsaTenH . enAk~¨gExkum§:1955 famanq#aMCati+fm~ak' VncuHk~¨gbJIĂ°mYy edImIĂ&#x2019;CaRbeyaCn_raCkar RbeTs+f nUvnam KuNsmĂ&#x2019;ti-nigGasyd%an+nG~kTsĂ&#x;nacrN_TaMgLay . 6ÂŤĂĄ eTaHbImankarKitKUCaeRcIndUcVneJlxagelIenH mankarEktRmUv mankartva"BIrd%aPiVlEx#r nigBIG~kdMNagrbs'x,Ă nRbcaMRkugVgkkk*eday raCkarRbeTs+fk*enAEtB!ayamRbkan'GakbĂ&#x2019;kiriyarwgrUs rbs'x,Ă ndEdl . dUcCak~¨geBlfI#@enH raCkarEx#rVnseg}teXIjfa Ă? kĂ&#x2030; mankglĂ&#x2019;at+ntRmYt+fVnenAGnurkĂ&#x;nigRtYtBinit!RVsaTenaHCaGci+Âżn-y_ . xĂ&#x2030; manTg'Cati+fVnbk'revcenABIxagmuxRVsaT enARtg'mat'x>g'rabEp~kxagEx#r . GMBIerOgenHeK seg}teXIjfa raCkarRbeTs+fCYnkalbg$Ă&#x2039;tTg'CatienASRBHvihar CYnkalTMlak'cuHmkvij tamcit-Edlx,Ă n RVf~a cg'sMEdg{!cĂ&#x2019;as'nUvKMnitxagsMruHsMrYl Ă?k*nUvKMnitxagkartva"TamTar . KĂ&#x2030; ral'+fŠRkumtRmYtmYykg EdltaMgenAcmŠayRbEhl200Em"Rt CaxageCIgRckcUl KWfaenAk~¨gRb eTs+f VnbJĂ°Ă&#x2039;nBYkyamlĂ&#x2019;at{!eTASRBHvihar . karRtiHriHGMBITg'Cati cMeJHerOgenH k*mansPaBdUcK~a Edr . maneBlx,H raCkarRbeTs+fdkTahannigtRmYtecj maneBlx,HeTot +frkĂ&#x;aBYkenHTuk{!enAnwg
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 17
kEn,g . XÉ manRkumtRmYtRbkbedayGavuFRbEhl100nak' EdlsMctenAcm©ay8KILËEm"RtBIRBHvihar sMrab' p,as'b-ËrRkumtRmYtk~¨gry:eBl15+f© . gÉ enAtamp,ËvlMmkBIÚsIß cm©ayRbEhl500Em"RTxagmuxT¡arcUleTAk~¨gRVsaT mancarikCaGkßr+f labf~aMs enARtg's~ab'eCIg+nsresr ÍenARtg'RTnab'eCIgrUb . BYkEx#rEdlRtUvkareTAhYsBIRVsaTenH RtUvsMuesckI-GnuJÔatBItRmYt+f . dUec~H raCkar+nRbeTs+fVnkMNt'kEn,gRBMRbTl'EdnEtm~ak'Sg ehIy GnurkßRBMRbTl'EdnenHTukCay"agmwugm"at' . cÉ manG~keTscrN_ Í;sßrCnCnCaeRcInmkTsßnaRVsaTRBHviharCajwkjy tam[TÏm§aKcRkk* man tamrfyn-k*man . qÉ k~¨gExkJÔa1956 raCkarRbeTs+fVntRmUvcMeJHG~kRsukk~¨gPUmiEx#rmYy EdlenACitTIenaH ÈPUmi ÚsIßÉ {!eFI¡CaKUlICYsCulf~l'EdlmkBINam{mk~¨gEdndI+f . rd%aPiVlEx#rk*VnKwtnwg{!mnusßeTAkan'kab'tMbn'RBHvihar edImIÒjMaugsiTiÏd*BitRVkdrbs'x,Án{!man rUbrageLIgEdr kalEdlx,ÁnVnTTYlkan'kab'GMNac+nRbeTsbn-BIraCkarVraMgmkenaH . m"¥ageTot eBl eRkaySkraC! rd%aPiVlEx#rk*Vncat'EcgerOgenHmYyrMeBc b"uEn-edayehtumankarBiVknwgcUleTAdl'tMbn' enaH rd%aPiVlEx#rk*RtUvEtQb'bgÌg'sin . b"uEn-k~¨gb"un#aneBleRkaymk edayGakbÒkiriya+nraCkar+fVn eFI¡{!mankarrMePIbenaH rd%aPiVlEx#rk*VnKitfa nwgeTAkan'kab'kEn,genaHCafI#m-geTot . bu"En-rd%aPiVlEx#r eTACaminVneTAkan'kab'vijeRJHraCkarRbeTs+fVneTAkan'kab'munx,ÁnrYceTAehIy . KWedImIÒeCosvag[bÒtiehtux,H EdlnwgeFI¡{!xUckarRbRs&yTak'TgrvagRbTsTaMgBIrEtb"ueN=aH VnCard%aPiVlEx#rminVnb"unb"g{! eTAkan'kab'RBHvihar ehIyeBjcit-ykerOgenHdak'eFI¡kic(crcaeT¡PaKIvij ebIkalNaminsMerc dUcesckIRVf~a nwgRtUveFI¡Jk!mYybw-geTAtulakarGn-rCati eRJH;LËvkarbraC&yekItmancÒas'ehIy . d+TBIkarCiHCan'dUcVnEf,gCUnenAxagelIenH sUmerobrab'EfmeTotnUvesovePAnigkarpßayx,H man kMeNItBIRbeTs+f Edl;tekatjejItk~¨gkarPðab'tMbn'RBHvihareTAk~¨gEdndI+fenaH . 1á esckI-raykarN_RbcaMq~aMk~¨gB«s«2497 +nmnIÊrrd%m¿nI-+f xagRksYgKmnaKmn_ mYyGenI, nig EpnTImYy+nRbeTs+f VncuHnieTÊsbJ(ËlRBHvihareTAk~¨gEpnTI+f . 2á karpßayeQ#aH ÅxavRBHviharÇ ÈP~MRBHviharÉ pßayecjBIkariyal&yvbÒFmàviciRtsilÒ: Edl enAk~¨g{vaTviCðas/anCatixagvbÒFmà . k~¨gesckI-bJ(b' karpßayenaHcg̨lRVb'fa ÅenAkMBUlx>g'rab Tg'
Cati+fbk'rvikedayx!l' . ehIyerOgenH bg$aj{!eXIjdl'eyIgCaCati+f nUvmenasJ(tnaRbkbedayesc kI-rIkray;t[bma nigRbkbedaysni-sux kalNaVneXIjTg'CatieyIgbk'enAelIkMBUlPM~ Edlsi/tenABI elIRBMRbTl'Edn+nRbeTsd+TmYyÇ .
TMB&r 18
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
6á sPaB+nvivaTfI#@ÈmkTl'q~aM1958óÉ kalBI+f©TI12emsa1956 SkGK`SkTUt+nRbeTs+fRbcaMRbeTskm>¨Ca VnRbKl'dl'mnIÊrrd%m¿nI-Ex#r xagRksYgkarbreTs nUvCMnYysrNamYy mankarCUneyabl'Edlrd%aPiVlRbeTs+fEf,gcMeJHrd%aPiVl RbeTskm>¨Ca edImIÒsMruHsMrYlbJ$aTaMgLayenAminTan'dac'eRsc rvagKUTaMgsgxag CaRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTA mk+nRbeTsTaMgBIr . rd%aPiVl+nRbeTskm>¨CaVncUlcit-fa karCUneyabl'+nCMnYysrNaenH mansPaBd*RtwmRtUv nig RbkbedayRbeyaCn_ ehIyk*VneqI,ytbedayeBjcit- tRmUvtamCMnYysrNaenH . k~¨gerOgsI-BIbJ$aRBM RBTl'Edn ehIyCaGaT¢k~¨gerOgsI-BIRBHvihar cemI,y+nrd%aPiVlRbeTskm>¨Ca manesckI-dUcteTA Ý
ÅRBHraCrd%aPiVlRbeTskm>¨Ca kMNt'ehtucMeJHerOgEdlfa RBHraCrd%aPiVl+nRbeTs+f VnRbug eRbobnwgBiPakßabJ$aRBMRbTl'EdnTaMgGs' edayGnuelamtameKalcÒab'Gn-rCatinigeKalcÒab'xagyuti-Fmà . cMeJHerOgenH RBHraCrd%aPiVl+nRbeTskm>¨CaVnsUmrMlwk{!dwgfa mansniÏsJÔanigkic(RBmeRBogCaeRcIn EdlRbeTsVraMgVncuHht/elxa ehIyk~¨gnam+nRbeTskm>¨Ca ehIyRbeTs+fk*VncuHht/elxaEdr Ca BiessKWsniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI23mina1907 nigBiFIkardak'Pðab'mkCamYyRBmTaMgkic(RBmeRBognaRkugva"sIuntun cuH+f©TI17vici<ka1946 EdlkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnrvagRbeTsTaMgBIrenaH . edayVnTTYlkan'kab'raCkar bn-BIRbeTsVraMg bnÊab'BImankic(RBmeRBogsI-BISkraC!+nRbeTskm>¨CaenaH RBHraCrd%aPiVl+nRbeTskm>¨Ca VnBwgEpÌkeTAelIsniÏsJÔanigkic(RBmeRBogGn-rCatiTaMgLayEdlRbeTsVraMgVncuHht/elxak~¨gnamrbs' x,Án . ehtudUec~H RBHraCrd%aPiVl+nRbeTskm>¨Ca RBmTTYlrebobeFI¡kic(BiPakßanUvbJ$aRBMRbTl'EdnehIy CaGaT¢KWsI-BIkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdndIy"agCak'lak'tammUld%an+nsniÏsJÔanigkic(RBmeRBogTaMgLayEdlkn,g eTAehIyenaHÇ . rd%aPiVl+nRbeTs+f k*VnenAes©½mcMeJHcMNuceyabl'Edlrd%aPiVl+nRbeTskm>¨Ca VnEf,gCUn dUcxagelIenH . tamlixitcuH+f©TI8emsa1957 epIçCUneTArd%m¿nI-RksYgkarbreTs+nrd%aPiVl+f SkGK`raC TUt+nRbeTskm>¨CaRbcaMRkugVgkk Vnyl'fa RtUvEtbJðak'bEn/melIcMNuceyabl'+nrd%aPiVlrbs'x,ÁnsIGMBIbJ$aenH ehIyk*VnEf,gCafI#nUvbMNgfaRbeTs+fmuxCanwgbJðak'bEn/mminxanfa RVsaTRBHviharCa rbs'RbeTskm>¨Ca edayGagdl'kic(RBmeRBogVraMgáesom cuH+f©TI17[sPa1946 ehIym"!ageTotfa[Rb eTs+f]muxCanwgRBmTTYltameKalkarN_Edlrd%aPiVl+nRbeTskm>¨CaVnesI~sMu{!Binit!bJ$aRBMRbTl' Edn ehIyCaGaT¢KWsI-BIkMNt'RBMRbTl'Edny"agCak'lak' tammUld%an+nsniÏsJÔanigkic(RBmeRBogTaMgLa yEdlkn,geTAehIy . CaTIbMput enA+f©TI11[sPa1957 rd%aPiVlRbeTs+fVnRBmTTYlrebobeFI¡kic(BiPakßaGMBIbJ$aRBMRb
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 19
Tl'EdnrvagRbeTsTaMgBIr ehIyVnesI~sMutaMgKN:km#karcMruHmYy sMrab'kMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnenH . b"uEn- cemI,yenHmineFI¡{!CaTIeBjcit-dl'rd%aPiVlRbeTskm>¨CaeLIy eRJHcemI,yeP,cbJðak'fakic(Bi PakßaenHnwgGacRbRBwti-eTAtamEtmUld%an+nsniÏsJÔa nigkic(RBmeRBogTaMgLay CaFrman EdlCasarvndl'RbeTskm>¨Ca . dUec~H RbeTskm>¨Ca nwgRBmTTYlrebob+nKN:km#karcMruHVn luHNaEtKN:km#karenH RtUvbMeBj muxgarrbs'x,ÁnxagsMrYlkrNIkic(vivaT sI-GMBIkMNt'RBMRbTl'Edn edaymindak'eKal +nkarkMNt'RBMRbTl' Edn dUcVnsMercrYcmkehIyk~¨gsniÏsJÔanigGnusJÔaTaMgLay k~¨geBlmun {!eTACaekItehtuenaH . C C
C
esckI-sni~d%an tamyuti-Fm#saRs- bJ$aRVsaTRBHvihamanlkÓN:gaybMput ehIyGacbRgYmmkenARtwmEtCakarseg}t BIry"agdUcteTA Ý
karseg}teXIjTI1 GnusJÔacuH+f©TI 13kum§:1904 EdlmankarbJðak'bEn/mk~¨gsniÏsJÔacuH+f©TI 23mina1907 ehIy Edlkic(RBmeRBognaRkugva"sIuntunq~aM1946 VnRtLb'eFI¡{!CaFrmaneLIgvijenaH kMNt'RBMRbTl'Ednrvag RbeTskm>¨CanigRbeTs+f . Gt/bTTaMgenH rab'erobcMNucFM@+nRBMRbTl'Edn ehIyVnRbKl'{!KN:km#karcMruHCaG~kkMNt'bnÊat' RBMRbTl'Ednd*y"agRtwmRtUv . kargar+nKN:km#karcMruHxagelI EdlRbRBwti-eTAGs'ry:eBlCaeRcInq~aMVn sMerceFI¡esckI-kt'ehtunigs/abnaEpnTITaMgLay . KWEpnTITaMgenHehIy EdlTukCaSksard*y"agCak'cÒas' RBmTaMgGaceRbIkarCas/aBreTAVn . cMeJH erOgenH SksarCasar:KWEpnTI 1Ü200«000 Edldak'sarVnfa ÅEpnTI+nKN:km#karkMNt'RBMRbTl' Ednrvag;NÎËcinnigRbeTsesomÇÈsnw,kRtg'PM~dgErkÉ Edlrd%aPiVl+nRbeTs+f;tmantva" GMBIkarRtwm RtUvd*BitRVkdenH ehIyEdlrd%aPiVl+nRbeTs+fx,ÁnSgVnTaMgbJðak'bEn/melIkarRtwmRtUveTogTat'eday EpnTIrbs'x,Án 1Ü200«000 xagelIenHeTotpg .
TMB&r 20
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
EpnTITaMgenH cuHnieTÊsfa tMbn'RBHviharsi/tenAk~¨gEdndIEx#r . SksarxagEpnTIenH cat'TukCa[bsm>nÏ+nsniÏsJÔa nigCakarBRgIk+nsniÏsJÔaenHpg . dUec~Htam yut-iFm#saRs- SksarxagEpnTIrlaycUlK~aCamYysniÏsJÔa ehIymant+m,dUcK~a nwgGt/bT+nsniÏsJÔa enaHpg . dUec~HtamcÒab'Gn-rCati erOgenHRtUvEtRbRBwti-eTAy"agenHSg ebIkalNasniÏsJÔaNa mYyTTYlkar bMeBjbEn/mBIelI KW[bsm&>nÏÍSksarxagkarBRgIkehIy . vt/¨Fatuepßg@TaMgLayenaH eTaHbImaneQ#aHehAdUcem-ckI- ÍeTaHbImancuHkalbriec<Ty"agdUcem-ckIRtUvcat'TukCavt/¨mYyEdlminGacbMEbkecjVn ehIyt+m,xagyuti-Fm#saRs-+nvt/¨enH RtUvmansPaBesI#K~a nigCaSksN%an kMu{!EtmanbTbJÔti-pʨy . dUec~H sniÏsJÔaNamYyEdldMNagxagkarTUt Íxagrd%aPiVleFI¡kic(crcaehIy BitCaminGacsMrYl bJ$aTaMgRsugVn CabJ$aEdlerOgxagelIenHVnecaTmk . tamFm#ta EtgmanSksar[bsm&>nÏenACa mYynwgerOgenH SSksa[bsm>&nÏKWG~kbec(keTsTaMgLayVns/abnaeLIg ehIyEdlGacebIk{kas{!Gnu vt-n_y"agCak'cÒas' Vnedaygay . nitiRkmenH EtgmanerOgkMNt'RBMRbTl'EdnCab'enACamYypgCanic( . cMeJHerOgenH GnusJÔa VraMgá esom enAq~aM1904á1907 manenAk~¨gEpnkarxagTMenomTMlab'Gn-rCati EdlRtUvK~asuTÏsaFnwgerOgehtu TaMgLayk~¨gGtItkal ehIyEdlRtUvK~anwgGt/bTTaMgLayEdlekIt mantaMgBIk~¨g{kasCaeRcInelIkmk ehIyenaH . C C
C
dUec~HKWCakarminBiteT EdlkYckan'dUcCard%aPiVlRbeTs+fVneFI¡CaeRcInelIkfa bJ$aRBHviharmin EmnCakm#vt/¨+nkarsMruHsMrYlk~¨geBlmunGI¡mYyeLIy rvagRbeTsVraMgnigRbeTsesom ehIyfatMbn'enHCa km#vt/¨+nkic(tva"CaFm#tarvagRbeTsTaMgBIr . Edlrd%aPiVlVraMgeTACatva"CaeRcInelIkGMBIerOgenH cMeJHraCkaresom KWedayehtumkEtGMBIkar RbRBwti-nigkarCiHCan'rbs'raCkaresomEtm"!agb"ueN=aH minEmntva"edImIÒsMrYlbJ$aEdlGnusJÔaq~aM1904 nig EpnTIEdls/abnaeLIgedayGnuvt-n_GnusJÔaenH VnsMercrYcehIyenaHeT . bJ$aEdlRtLb'eTACas#¨RKs#ajBIeRJHEtraCkarRbeTs+fminRBmRbtibti-tamsniÏsJÔa .
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 21
karseg}teXIjTIBIr GnusJÔaVraMgáesomq~aM1904 sniÏsJÔaVraMgáesomq~aM1907 Edlkic(RBmeRBognaRkugva"sIuntunq~aM 1946 VnRtLb'dak'{!CaFrmaneLIgvijenaH Gnuvt-n_eTAedayx,ÁnSg cMeJHkarTak'TgrvagRbTskm>¨Ca nigRbeTs+f . minKYrKbIÒnwgGagfa sniÏsJÔanigGnusJÔaGn-rCatiTaMgenaH mancMeJHEtRbeTsVraMg ehIyminman cMeJHRbeTskm>¨CaenaHVneLIy eRJHRbeTsVraMgCaGaNaB!aVlelIRbeTskm>¨Ca munEdlRbeTsenH [km>¨Ca]VnSkraC! . munVnSkraC! RbeTskm>¨CamanlkÓni-k:Card%enAk~¨gGaNaB!aVl . tamcÒab'Gn-rCati mankaryl' RBmCaSkc&<nÊfa rd%Edlsi/tenAk~¨gGaNaB!aVl RtUvrkßabuK`liklkÓN:Gn-rCatirbs'x,ÁnTuk ehIyRbKl'{! rd%d+TNamYynUvsiTiÏeFI¡kic(RVRs&yTak'TgeRkARbeTsCMnYsx,Án . dUec~H KWk~¨gnamnigedImIÒCaRbeyaCn_+nRb eTskm>¨CaenHehIy VnCaRbeTsVraMgsMercsniÏsJÔaq~aM1904á1907 nig1946 k~¨gzan:CaG~kkan'kab' kar+nRBHraCGaNacRkkm>¨Ca . sniÏsJÔaTaMgenHVnrMlwkykmkGnuvt-n_VnSg@ cMeJHRbeTskm>¨Ca eRJH RbeTsenHVneTACard%SkraC!ehIy . C C
C
TMB&r 22
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
[bsm&>nÏ RVsaTRBHvihar GMBIEpnTI
EpnTI1 x~at 1Ü200«000 Edldak'sarVnfa ÅEpnTI+nKN:km#karkMNt'RBMRbTl'Ednrvag;NÎËcinnigRbeTsesomÇÈsnw,kRtg'PM~dgErkÉ
EpnTIenHkMNt'nUvC&yCMnHrbsEx#relIRbeTsesom mandMkl'TukenAtulakarGn-rCati TIRkugLaehÌ ÈTMB&rTI112dlTMB&rTI115É +nesckI-sMerccit-rbs'tulakar . È EpnTITaMgbYnpÊaMgenHRsg'ecjmkBISksar+ntulakarGn-rCatienATIRkugLaehÌ ykmkdak'bJ(ËlbEn/mk~¨gSksarenHeday eKhd%anpßayGbßra É
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
EpnTITI2 x~at 1Ü200«000 Edldak'sarVnfa ÅEpnTI+nKN:km#karkMNt'RBMRbTl'Ednrvag;NÎËcinnigRbeTsesomÇÈsnw,kRtg'PM~dgErkÉ
TMB&r 23
TMB&r 24
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
EpnTIx~at 1Ü200«000 Edldak'sarVnfaÅEpnTI+nKN:km#karkMNt'RBMRbTl'Ednrvag;NÎËcinnigRbeTsesomÇ
Èsnw,kRtg'PM~dgErkÉ
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 25
GMBIRbvtiRBHVTyesavr&#n CaRBHmhakßRtiy_Ex#r EdlRTg'CaG~kksagGg`r BitCaRBHGg`VnksagRVsaTRBH vihar k~¨gry:q~aMxagcug+nstvtßr_TI9 . RVsaTRBHviharenHksageLIgedImIÒ[TwÊsf¡ay RBHsixarIs¡r: KW faRBHsiv:CaGm(as'd*x>g'x>s'bMput . b"uEn-RVsaTsB¡+f©TaMgmUlmancuHkalbriec<TBIJk'kN-alstvtßr_TI11 mk . kalRBHVTsuriyvr#&nTI1 RTg'Vns/abnaGMNacd*y"agrwgbwugelIRbeTskm>¨CaehIy RTg'RBHbJða{!k sagRVsaTFM@ enARBHbrmraCvaMgGg`r RBmTaMgRVsaTenAPM~CIsUr nigRBHvihar EdlsMNg'Vncab'epI-menA q~aM1018 . enATIbMputstvtßr_TI11 nigk~¨gry:q~aMdMbUg+nstvtßr_TI12 RBHraCaEx#rRBHnamC&yvr#&nTI6 Vn RTg'cab'ksagCafI#eTot ehIyRBHecAsuriyvr#&nTI2 EdlRTg'CaG~kksagRVsaTGg`rvt-enaH Vncab'sg'bnmkeTot k~¨gkML¨g25q~aMCaxagedIm+nstvtßr_TI12 . karerobcMsMNg'CafI#eLIgvijx,H@ EdleKVnseg}t eXIjk~¨gRBHviharenaH RVkdCamankalbriec<TenAsm&y+nkarksagepßg@enaH .
Epnkar+nRBHvihar RVsaTRBHvihar sg'eq>aHeTATwsxageCIg . tYRVsaTkN-alEdl sg'enAcMRtg'EKmx>g'rab mankMEpgB&TÏCMuvijEtmYyCan' . b"uEn-eTaHbI;tman kMEpgd+Tk*eday RVsaTenHKg'maneKab"Ur:5Edr . eKab"Ur:TI1 KWCaeKab"Ur:+nkMEpgTI1 EdlPðab'eTAnwgTIRBHlantaMgenABI xagmux eq>aHeTATwsxageCIg . eKab"Ur:TIBIr sMrab'ebIk{!ecjBITIRBHlan ehIyeTAdl'CeNI-rmYytaMg enAxageCIg rYcmantY+pÊf~l'mYy mannaKenAsgxag . enATIbMput+nf~l'enH eKeXIjmaneKab"Ur:TI3 rYcmanCeNI-rfI#mYyehIy nwgf~l'mYy eTAdl'eKab"Ur:TI4 KWfaeq>aHeTATwsxageCIgCaFm#ta . BIeKaB"Ur:TI4eTA manf~l'mYyy"agEvgeq>aHeTAeKab"Ur:TI5 EdlmanCeNI-r mYyBIxagmux . BIxagekItnigBIxaglic+nkMEpgTI1 mansg'GaKarBIrx~gPðab'enAenaH . k~¨gTIlanxagmuxkMEpgTI1 manbN=al&yBIrenAB&TÏBIxagmuxeKab"Ur:TI1 . man salEvgBIrsnwÏgBIxageCIgeTAxaglic Rtg'eKab"Ur:TI3 .
TMB&r 26
kMNt'GMBIbJ$aRBHvihar
enABIxagmuxeqogxagekIteKab"Ur:TI4 manGagTwkmYy ÈRsHRsg'É .
RsHRsg'si/tenAxagmux eqogxagxagekIt eKab"Ur:TI4 . RsHenHTuksMrab' eRbIRVs'enAeBlman BiFIsk}arbUCam-g@ .
GMBIkarrcnatubEtg kÒac'rcnaenARVsaTRBHvihar KWCakÒac'rcnaEp,kBIrebobenAX,aMg nigBIrebobRVsaTVBYn . RV saTRBHviharVnGPirkßTuknUvkarrcnaxagrukÓCati tamrebobenAX,aMg b"uEn-CYnkal manbEn/merOgeRBgbu raN EdlCaerOgmany"ageRcInenASRVsaTVBYn .
RVsaTRBHvihar ÈkarkUrsmuRTTwkedaHÉ +nek,agT¡arxagelI
KN:ebskkm#Gci+Rn-y_+nRbeTskm¨>CaRbcaMshRbCaCati
TMB&r 27
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KYrelIkykst¡EdlmanrcnaenATIenaHmkeJlEdr . st¡swg$EdleKksageLIgeday eFI¡KUf{!bH eLIgx>s'bni-c RVb'dMNwgy"agCak'cÒas'fa eKrcnak~¨gsm&ystvtßTI12 . SBYknaKk*mankarEb,kCa eRcIn . eKrcnanaKtamlMnaMFm#Cati ;t{!manJk'kÒaMgeLIy ehIybeJ(j rcnasMEdgGakar:y"agkacsa hav . SnaKEdlksageLIgCabg}an'+denaH min{!vaenAelIdIeT KWmandMuf#RTBIeRkam . RBHviharCaRVsaTmYyEb,kGs(ar!rbs'silÒ:Ex#r eRJHEpnkar+nRVsaTenHmansPaBsmrm!eTAtam sPaBTIkEn,g eRJHkarrcnatubEtg+nRVsaTenHeTot k*bN-al{!seg}teXIjfaCakarrcna enACacen,aH y"agcÒas' rvagkarrcnaenAX,aMg nigkarrcnaenARVsaTVBYn . C
TMB&r 28
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Jk!bN-wg kartv"a karTamTarTaMgb"un#aneFI¡eLIgedayraCrd%aPiVlRBHraCaNacRkkm>¨Ca karkat' esckI-rbs'tulakarGn-rCatiTIRkugLaehÌsI-GMBIÅkrNIyRBHviharÇmanTaMgGs' 3420TMB&r EcgCaPa saVraMgnigPasaGg'eK,s . SksarTaMgBIrPasaenH VnRtUvcMLgeLIgvij eVHBum>CaesovePA RBm TaMgdMkl'TukRtwmRtUvtamc?ab'enA bN=al&yCatinigmNÎldMkl'Sksarekbik nigenA bN=al&yCati kaNada rYcehIy . SksarenHenAminTan'VnbkERbCaPasaCatienAeLIyeT .
edIm?IRCabc?as'GMBISksarTaMgb"un#an È3420TMB&rÉ EdlVnerobrab'xagelI rYmmanTaMgkarkat' esckI-rbs'tulakarGn-rCatiTIRkugLaehÌsI-GMBI ÅkrNIyRBHviharÇ sUmGeJIðjRsavRCavedaycuc : International Court of Justice Í Cour International de Justice tamry: Yahoo Í Google
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Montréal, Québec H1W 3G7 Téléphone : 514-596-0896 Télécopieur : 514-596-1423 Courriel / Email : apsara16@sympatico.ca
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Edl exmrCati VnpßayCUnfI#@ eyIgsUmGnuJÔateFI¡karEkdMrUvdUcteTA TMB&rTI28 bnÊat'TI4 BIelIcuHeRkam X,aenAedImbnÊat' sUmemt-aGanfa: minaq~aM1970 . eyIgsUmGP&yeTascMeJHkMhusedayGectnaenH . exmrCati khemarajati@sympatico.ca