Health & Wellness 2016 - Medical Directory

HEALTH

&

Wellness

A helpful guide to life’s issues | 2016 A Special Advertising Edition of Working to connect you with healthcare professionals who have the answers.

2 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

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Listen up: Time to get hearing test Courtesy of Brandpoint

Of all the life hacks for better living, taking care of your hearing is among the smartest — and it yields an incredible ROI. In short, getting a hearing test is worth it.

No matter what your age, untreated hearing loss can take its toll. The catch is, hearing loss is stealthy. It’s usually hard to notice at first. In fact, it tends to come on so gradually that it tricks you into oblivion.

Then it robs you of more than you realize, sooner than you realize.

From pilfering away at your relationships and quality of life, to putting you at risk for other health conditions, untreated hearing loss is a silent thief. And don’t think for a minute that you’re too young to think about hearing loss — you’re not.

It’s a noisy world. You’re part of it. And the numbers show that hearing loss is becoming more common among younger adults — in their 20s and 30s. So make sure you value your hearing. It’s a treasure worth keeping.

To give you an extra push, here are eight reasons why you should get a hearing test today.

1. It may help your pocketbook. Research shows that middle-aged people with hearing loss have about a third more in health care payments than those without hearing loss. A study by the Better Hearing Institute (BHI) shows that using hearing aids reduces the risk of income loss by 90 to 100 percent

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No matter what your age, untreated hearing loss can take its toll. for those with milder hearing loss, and from 65 to 77 percent for those with severe to moderate hearing loss. People with untreated hearing loss lost as much as $30,000 in income annually, the study found.

2. Your mind may benefit.

Research shows a link between hearing loss and dementia, leading experts to believe that interventions, like hearing aids, could potentially delay or prevent dementia. Certainly, notable researchers believe that addressing hearing loss may at least help protect cognitive function.

3. It could boost your job performance. Most hearing aid users in the workforce say it has helped their performance on the job. That’s right.

Getting a hearing test could benefit all those employees (a whopping 30 percent) who suspect they have hearing loss but

haven’t sought treatment.

4. Life’s challenges may not seem so intimidating.

Research shows people with hearing loss who use hearing aids are more likely to tackle problems actively. Apparently, hearing your best brings greater confidence.

5. Your zest for life might get zestier. Most people who use hearing aids say it has a positive effect on their relationships. They’re more likely to have a strong social network, be optimistic, feel engaged in life, and even get more pleasure in doing things.

6. It could protect you against the blues. Hearing loss is linked to a greater risk of depression in adults, especially 18 to 69-year-olds. But studies also show that treating hearing loss can boost quality of life. BHI research shows that people with hearing loss

who use hearing aids are less likely to feel down, depressed or hopeless.

7. You’ll probably be more likely to get the drift. Most people who use hearing aids say it helps their overall ability to communicate effectively in most situations. The majority who bought their hearing aids within the past five years say they’re pleased with their ability to hear in the workplace, at home with family members, in conversations in small and large groups, when watching TV with others, in lecture halls, theaters or concert halls, when riding in a car, and even when trying to follow conversations in the presence of noise.

8. Your heart and health may benefit. Cardiovascular and hearing health are linked.

Some experts say the inner ear is so sensitive to blood flow that it’s possible that abnormalities in the cardiovascular system could be noted here earlier than in other less sensitive parts of the body. But it isn’t just about your heart. Hearing loss may signal or exacerbate other health conditions as well, including depression, sleep apnea, cognitive decline, and the risk of falling and hospitalization.

So do it for your health. Do it for your happiness. Get a hearing test.

To take a free, quick, and confidential online hearing check to help determine if you need a comprehensive hearing test by a hearing health care professional, visit www.BetterHearing.org.

How to alleviate eustachian tube problems Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Ear problems come and go, and some may be the result of seasonal allergies or the accumulation of wax or water inside the ear canal.

But some ear problems originate deeper within the anatomy of the ear, in an area called the eustachian tube. Dysfunction or clogging of the eustachian tube can create different symptoms and problems that will need to be addressed.

Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, says the eustachian tube is a nar-

row tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose. Normally, this tube opens with every swallow or yawn to act as a pressure-equalizing valve for the middle ear. It also serves to drain the mucus produced by the lining of the middle ear. At times, the tube can get blocked, causing a negative pressure that draws the eardrum inward. When this occurs, dull or muffled hearing is sometimes evident, and individuals may feel pain and pressure.

Colds, sinus trouble, allergies, and other ailments can contribute to eustachian tube dysfunction. The pressure change

within the ear as well as a buildup of mucus can lead to trouble and a visit to a doctor. In many cases, eustachian tubes will become clear again on their own. However, some doctors will prescribe a decongestant nasal spray to help the process along.

If an ear infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed. Various all-natural remedies, such as holding one’s nose and blowing to try to clear the congestion, can be attempted as well.

Those suffering from eustachian tube congestion should consult their physicians to develop courses of treatment.

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What to know about cold, flu meds Courtesy of Brandpoint

Between headaches, stuffy noses, cough and the occasional fever, chances are you’ll at some point reach for over-the-counter medicines (OTC) to combat cold and flu symptoms. OTCs are a safe and effective way to relieve minor ailments when taken as directed, but a new survey suggests Americans are overlooking the Drug Facts label on OTCs. Two in five Americans see OTC dosing instructions as suggestions, not directions, according to a national survey conducted by Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., McNeil Consumer Healthcare Division. Also, while 84 percent believe it’s “very important” to read the directions the first time they take prescription medicine, only 72 percent felt that way about OTCs. Medical experts say that ignoring the label can lead to unnecessary risks like doubledosing or taking too much of the same active ingredient at the same time. This is especially important during cold and flu season, when it’s not uncommon to take multiple or multi-symptom OTC medicines.

Dr. Darria Long Gillespie, an emergency department physician who partnered with McNeil to encourage the safe use of OTC medicines, says it’s important to read the medicine label each time you take an OTC. “I’ve seen my patients take too high of a dose, too frequently, in combination with medications that could interact, or a medicine that’s not right for their health condition,” she says. “These are unnecessary risks that could easily be prevented by paying close attention to the label.”

Three important things Long Gillespie encourages her patients to know three important things before taking their next OTC medicine.

1. Always read and follow the label — whether it’s the first time or the 100th time.

One in four Americans don’t

Brandpoint

Always treat over-the-counter medicines with the same responsibility you would any prescription medication.

Brandpoint

Over-the-counter medicines (OTCs) are a safe and effective way to relieve minor ailments when taken as directed, but a new survey suggests Americans are overlooking the Drug Facts label on OTCs. think it’s important to look at labels of OTCs they’ve taken before, according to the survey. But medicine labels and formulations change, and so does our health.

“Even if you use the same pain reliever every month,

make it a point to read the label again,” says Long Gillespie. “Double check dosing instructions, if there are new warnings or directions, and consider any new health conditions or medications you have.”

2. Be aware of active ingredients. Combination medications such as for cold and flu, migraines, and arthritis have multiple active ingredients, which can be very convenient as relief could come in a single pill.

“Many of these different combination medicines have the same active ingredients and taking multiple medications with the same active ingredient can increase your risk of taking too much,” notes Long Gillespie.

She recommends reviewing the active ingredients list, and to only take one medicine with the same active ingredient at a time — whether prescription or OTC. 3. Know your dose, and do not take OTC medicines longer than indicated. According to Dr. Long Gillespie, a common misconception she hears from her patients is that taking more than the recommended doses will improve your symptoms faster or better.

“Not only will this not help your symptoms, but it could

Please see FLU page 7

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 7

Flu

Continued from page 6 be harmful. Follow the dosage amounts and be sure to stay under the 24-hour maximum,” she advises.

She also recommends speaking to your doctor or

health care provider if you find you need the OTC medicine for more days than recommended.

They will be able to help you assess which medicine may be best to treat your symptoms and figure out the cause of your symptoms.

“OTCs are not meant for prolonged use,” she says, so never take the OTC for longer

than indicated on the label.

As final advice, Long Gillespie reminds patients to always treat OTC medicines with the same responsibility you would any prescription medication.

“The best way to both relieve your symptoms and stay out of harm’s way is by following the instructions on

every label, every time,” she says.

Every Label Every Time is a national education initiative from Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., McNeil Consumer Healthcare Division to encourage safe and informed use of OTC medicines. For more information, visit www.EveryLabelEveryTime.com.

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8 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

When quitting equals winning tive. Tobacco products contain several chemicals, as well as a Quitting tobacco is hard, but substance called nicotine that it’s never too late to quit and stimulates your nerves, inbegin reaping the health ben- creasing your blood pressure, efits of a tobacco-free lifestyle. respiration and heart rate.

Whether you use cigarettes, Risky business cigars, snuff, chew or e-cigarettes, all forms of tobacco Understanding how tobacco Please see QUIT page 9 are harmful and can be addicCourtesy of Family Features

Getting help

Counseling and support groups

If you want to take a nonmedical route, a counselor or a quitting coach can give you advice and support while you are trying to quit. The more often you meet, the more likely your choice to quit will be a permanent one. Your quitting coach can help you set a start date, learn coping skills, know the common smoking triggers, gain social support and help you tobacco-proof your life.

Other support options for quitting include national help numbers and online Patches and chat rooms. Free phone, chat medications room and texting resources Tobacco cessation medica- from UCanQuit2 can be a tion can double your chances useful supplement to personal counseling and coaching. of kicking the habit permaLearn more at 1-800-QUITnently. Talk to your health NOW or ucanquit2.org. care professional to discuss In addition, you can find the best treatment plan for information about support you. Types of medication programs in your state at include: map.naquitline.org.

• Nicotine replacement Find more resources to therapies help you kick your tobacco • Nicotine gums or lozhabit from Guard Your Health, enges a health education campaign • Nicotine patches, inhalby the Army National Guard, ers or nasal sprays • Quit-smoking pills at guardyourhealth.com.

Although there are cases of people who successfully quit cold turkey, statistics show this is not the most reliable approach to quitting.

Fortunately, there are several options to help you kick the habit, manage your withdrawal symptoms and take back your health. Medication, counseling and support groups can all aid you on your journey of quitting tobacco while saving you money and lengthening your lifespan.

Five facts about e-cigs E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices often designed to look like regular tobacco cigarettes. Instead of tobacco, e-cigarettes are filled with liquid that contains nicotine and other chemicals. When that liquid is heated it turns into vapor that can be inhaled.

1. They are still addictive. While e-cigarettes don’t contain tobacco, the main ingredient is nicotine — one of the most addictive stimulants available.

2. They contain harmful chemicals. Medical researchers have identified at least 19 harmful chemicals in e-cigarettes, some of which can cause cancer. Studies show a teaspoon of highly diluted “e-liquid” is enough to kill an adult.

3. No regulation leaves plenty to chance. The Food and Drug Administration recently announced plans to regulate e-cigarettes using the same standards as tobacco

products, but there’s no official timetable. This means that for now, nicotine levels and “e-liquid” ingredients vary widely from product to product and there is no proof that these ingredients are safe.

4. They aren’t a proven quitting tool. Although some smokers have found that e-cigarettes helped them stop or cut back tobacco use, e-cigarettes still deliver nicotine by inhaling from a cigarette-like device. Experts warn that this can lead to nicotine dependence and even initiate cigarette use in previous non-smokers.

5. Restrictions are widespread. In many public and private places, e-cigarettes have the same usage limitations as tobacco, meaning you likely can’t use them at hospitals, restaurants and many other indoor and outdoor locations that have restricted tobacco use on their premises.

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 9

Quit

Continued from page 8 affects your body is the first step toward quitting. Using tobacco can shorten your life expectancy by at least 10 years.

When you smoke, tobacco’s harmful chemicals can damage your body, putting you at higher risk for health and bodily impact, such as: • Lungs: respiratory infections and colds • Skin: skin discoloration, wrinkles and premature aging • Nails: yellow fingernails • Heart: heartbeat irregularities • Mouth: gum inflammation, gingivitis, infections and oral or throat cancers • Teeth: brown-stained teeth, tooth decay, tooth loss and chronic bad breath • Reproductive system: cervical cancer, pregnancy complications and infertility Tobacco not only risks your health, but also affects your looks and social life. Because tobacco restricts blood flow in the body, smoking can cause erectile dysfunction or the inability to achieve orgasm. Other negative side effects include tobacco smoke, which sticks to your hair, vehicle, clothing and furniture.

The residue and smell linger long after you finish smoking.

Conversely, quitting tobacco use has nearly immediate positive results. In an other-

wise healthy person, after 72 smoke-free hours, your lungs begin to repair. Between two weeks and three months after your last cigarette, blood flow

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and circulation improve and lung function increases by about 30 percent, so you’ll get winded less easily and feel less tired. One year later, your risk

of heart disease will be cut in half, and 10 years after quitting, the risk of lung cancer is about half that of a person who smokes.

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10 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Common causes of poor vision Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Vision loss is a common condition, as the World Health Organization notes that more than 285 million people across the globe suffer some type of visual impairment. Many people can effectively counter their vision problems with prescription lenses, but others may have a more significant issue, such as low vision.

The Kellogg Eye Center defines low vision as a reduced level of vision that cannot be fully corrected with conventional glasses. Those with low vision have some useful sight and are not considered completely blind. However, low vision can interfere with performance of daily activities, and some people with this condition are classified as “legally blind.”

Symptoms of low vision include difficulty recognizing objects at a distance or problems with differentiating colors. Yet, not everyone dealing with these symptoms has low vision. Specialized testing can determine if a person has low vision or another condition.

Many conditions can impact sight and contribute to vision loss. Here’s a look at some of the more common ones.

• Glaucoma: A person with glaucoma may gradually lose peripheral vision.

Early symptoms, such as a subtle loss of contrast, may be unnoticeable. Eventually, glaucoma may cause tunnel vision, which occurs when a person can only see through a small window.

• Macular degeneration: Macular de-

Metro Creative Graphics

Routine eye examinations can bring potential vision disturbances to light and facilitate faster treatment. generation is the leading cause of vision loss, affecting more than 10 million people in the United States alone, according to the American Macular Degeneration Foundation. The AMDF offers that macular degen-

eration is caused by the deterioration of the retina’s central portion, known as the macula. The macula is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye, and it contributes to one’s ability to read, drive a car, recognize faces or colors and see objects in fine detail.

• Retinal detachment: An increase of floaters or sudden flashes of light in vision may be indicative of retinal detachment or a tear in the retina. When caught promptly, a detached retina may be repaired. However, if left untreated and the detachment reaches the macula in the center of the retina, vision loss may be irreparable. The National Eye Institute says those with extreme nearsightedness, those who have had cataract surgery or those with a family history of retinal detachment are at a high risk.

• Diabetic retinopathy: Blurring or patchy vision loss can be a side effect of high blood glucose levels. Not all people with diabetes will develop vision problems, but it is common enough to warrant attention.

• Cataracts: According to The Mayo Clinic, a cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye. Cataracts develop when aging or injury changes the tissue that makes up the eyes’ lenses. Clouded vision can make it more difficult to read or drive.

Over time, cataracts may obscure vision so much that they require surgical repair.

Routine eye examinations can bring potential vision disturbances to light and facilitate faster treatment. Eye doctors also can make suggestions about lifestyle changes, including the use optical devices to improve sight.

Different types of eye lens implants available Special to Press Enterprise

By the age of 80, more than half of Americans will have developed a cataract. Cataracts develop naturally within the eye, blurring vision and increasing our need for glasses or other refractive alternatives. Fortunately, cataract surgery has advanced tremendously throughout the years.

Although cataract surgery is a relatively low risk procedure.

An ophthalmologist performs cataract surgery. The procedure replaces the natural lens of your eye with an artificial lens. There are two categories of lenses. Monofocal focuses primarily on distance vision and will require reading glasses after the procedure. Multifocal focuses light at different distances, allowing the patient to see near, intermediate and

far. In 2009, the Tecnis multifocal lens implant received FDA approval and was implanted here in Pennsylvania. This advanced technology eliminated a patient’s need for bifocals.

More recently approved by the FDA, the Symfony lens implant has layered rings in the lens and provides extended depth of focus. The Symfony lenses can also be used in people with eye problems, including mild macular degeneration. The Symfony also comes in a version that corrects astigmatism.

Another medical advancement available to today’s cataract patient is the LensAR Femtosecond Laser. This laser technology pulverizes the hardening of the lens, “the cataract,” and provides real-time high-resolution 3-D imaging of your eye during the planning phase of your procedure. Im-

age-guided surgical planning software enables a skilled surgeon to program the size, shape and location of the incision with greater accuracy. The LensAR Femto laser enables every step of your cataract surgery to be planned, customized and executed with ease and precision.

A growing number of people age 50 or older are getting lens implants to turn back the effects of time, before they develop cataracts. They can replace their natural lenses that have lost their ability to change shape and shift from near to far with age, a condition called presbyopia. This is also an option for patients who aren’t candidates for the cornea-correcting Custom Vue Bladeless LASIK (traditionally performed on patients 18-40).

These advanced lenses and femtosecond lasers do require

out-of-pocket costs.

Traditional cataract surgery is usually covered by insurance and Medicare, but reading glasses and sometimes bifocals are required afterwards. The advanced technology of these multifocal lenses potentially frees a patient from glasses, providing independence and the ability to see cell phone or computer screens, road signs or the TV without stopping to put on glasses. Many patients determine that an investment in their vision is one they’ll benefit from every day of their lives.

Not only is it important to choose the right procedure, but it is more important to choose the right surgeon. Dr. Bucci, our sole surgeon, has performed more than 26,000 microsurgical procedures. Schedule your consultation and discover what your surgical options are!

Press Enterprise November 1, 2016 11 ACE Hearing QRTR.crtr - Page 1n-Tuesday, Composite

HEAD TRAUMA ...AND THE UNEXPECTED VISUAL PROBLEMS

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12 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Tips to better manage COPD Courtesy of Brandpoint

Has shortness of breath ever made you avoid climbing the stairs or walking from one room to another in your own home?

Do you experience a persistent cough that deters you from participating in the daily activities you love to do?

If scenarios like these sound familiar to you, this may indicate a more serious disease that shouldn’t be ignored. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an umbrella term used to describe chronic lung diseases like emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is the third leading cause of death in the United States with more than 14 million people identified as having COPD in 2010. Another estimated 12 million people may have the disease, but remain undiagnosed.

It is important to monitor changes in your breathing, as early COPD detection is important for disease management. Recognizing and getting help for symptoms, such as chronic cough, shortness of breath while performing daily activities, frequent respiratory infections, fatigue and wheezing, are key steps in better managing your COPD. One initiative focusing on spreading awareness of COPD and fostering the importance of disease education is Faces of COPD, a nationwide photo mosaic initiative established by the COPD Foundation and developed by AstraZeneca to increase patient education around COPD and to

put a “face” to the disease.

John Walsh, president and co-founder of the COPD Foundation, an organization devoted to improving the lives of those affected by COPD, believes through knowledge comes empowerment when managing a serious disease like COPD. “I encourage COPD patients to take an active role in their health by educating themselves about the disease and managing their symptoms through lifestyle changes and working closely with their physician on their individual care plans,” Walsh says.

Respiratory health Proper disease management can sometimes be overwhelming, so here are five quick tips recommended by the COPD Foundation to help stay on top of yours or your loved one’s respiratory health: 1. Learn new breathing techniques.

Retraining your breathing can help with COPD management.

Diaphragmatic breathing is when you breathe in slowly and deeply through your nose, pushing your stomach out as you inhale in order to use the diaphragm and the lower respiratory muscles. Pursed lip breathing is when you use the same diaphragmatic breathing technique, but when you exhale, you pucker your lips like you’re getting ready to blow out candles on a birthday cake, breathing out slowly as to not force the air out.

2. Refresh your exercise routine. If

you have COPD, you may think exercising isn’t an option since it will make you feel too short of breath. However, regular exercise may improve COPD symptoms. Every exercise session should include a warmup, conditioning phase and a cool down. Of course, make sure to consult your doctor prior to starting a new exercise regimen.

3. Eat smart. Unplanned weight loss affects as much as 40 to 70 percent of COPD patients. To reduce tiredness, eat six small meals instead of three big ones each day as digestion requires energy.

4. Consider appropriate treatment options. COPD is different for everyone, and regardless of disease severity, there are steps patients can take to treat their symptoms and help improve their quality of life. By taking the right medicine at the right time, you may breathe better, participate in more of the activities you like to do and have fewer flare-ups.

5. Don’t be afraid to seek assistance. Whether you are someone living with COPD, or someone caring for a loved one with COPD, you may need support in order to help manage the disease. It is OK to not have all the answers. Resources are available, such as the C.O.P.D. Information Line (1-866-316-2673), to help you address common questions or concerns, and is staffed by trained InfoLine Associates.

For more COPD management tips and disease education, visit www.COPDFoundation.org.

What poor posture may be doing to you Courtesy of NewsUSA

Feeling kind of tense and achy? It may be because of poor posture.

While the media has jumped on warnings about “tech neck” — the neck pain and damage sustained from hunching over smartphones and other devices for too long — you’re actually risking harm to your overall health if just about any part of your body becomes misaligned.

That’s because, as the American Journal of Pain Management notes, a person’s posture affects and moderates every physiological function, from breathing to hormonal production.

Yes, you read that right.

Every physiological function.

How so?

“Our muscles and ligaments routinely work to balance us as

NewsUSA

Doctors of chiropractic work to align and strengthen the spine. we sit, stand, bend and sleep,” explains Sherry McAllister, DC, executive vice president of the not-for-profit Foundation for Chiropractic Progress.

“Over time, however, uneven stress causes the body to adapt and change — subsequently causing aches and pains.”

Multiple factors can con-

tribute to poor posture — including injury, stress, obesity, pregnancy and weak postural muscles. Chiropractors have been specifically trained, as part of their minimum seven years of higher education, to provide drug-free, hands-on care that helps to naturally align and strengthen the spine, as well as advise on healthy lifestyle habits.

And speaking of habits, the Foundation for Chiropractic Progress offers tips designed to help you develop smart ones regarding posture. Among them: • Maintain a neutral spine, meaning chin up and shoulders pulled back.

• Avoid extended time spent with your head flexed forward.

• Don’t cross your legs while seated.

Learn more at F4CP.com.

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 13

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14 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Prevent head lice infestations Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Many parents recall being tested for head lice at the beginning of each school year when they were children. But moms and dads may not know much about head lice and the threat lice poses to youngsters.

What are head lice?

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, head lice are parasitic insects that can be found close to the scalp, most often on the head, eyebrows and eyelashes. While head lice don’t spread disease, they do feed on blood several times per day.

Who is most susceptible to head lice?

Head lice are more common in close, overcrowded living conditions, which may be one reason why schoolchildren who spend their days in the relatively close confines of classrooms tend to be vulnerable to head lice infestations. In fact, the CDC estimates that as many as 12 million head lice infestations occur each year in children between the ages of 3 and 11 in the United States alone. Adults are not immune to head lice, though they may be less likely than children to suffer an infestation.

How do head lice spread?

Contrary to popular belief, head lice cannot hop or fly. Head lice move by crawling, and they can be spread in various ways. According to HeadLice.org, head lice can spread whenever there is direct contact of the head or hair with an infested individual. Head lice also can spread when an infested person shares personal articles, including hats, pillows, towels, brushes, hair ties, and helmets,

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Parents can encourage their youngsters to take certain protective measures that can reduce their risk of being infested with head lice. with someone who is not infested.

What are the symptoms of head lice infestations?

Schoolchildren are typically tested for head lice at the beginning of each school year, and such tests may uncover an infestation before kids even begin to exhibit any symptoms. But kids can be infested with head lice, which can live up to 30 days on a human, at any time of year, so parents should be on the lookout for the following symptoms of head lice: • Tickling feeling of something moving in the hair • Excessive itching of the scalp, which may be the result of an allergic reaction to bites of the head louse

• Difficulty sleeping, as head lice are most active in the dark • Head sores that result from scratching and may lead to infections caused by bacteria found on the infected person’s skin How can I reduce my child’s risk for head lice?

Head lice are easily spread during the school year because kids spend so much time in cramped quarters with their friends and classmates. But parents can encourage their youngsters to take certain protective measures that can reduce their risk of being infested with head lice.

• Teach kids to avoid sharing certain items. Teaching kids to share can be important in their development as human beings, but it’s important that parents teach kids to avoid sharing combs, brushes, hair ties and other accessories, hats, helmets, coats, scarves, towels, and earbuds. Head lice can attach themselves to such items, making kids vulnerable to infestation when these items are shared.

• Avoid storing clothing in common areas. Coats, scarves and hats hung in common areas are vulnerable to head lice infestation, as lice can crawl from item to item, spreading infestations along the way. While the CDC notes that spreading head lice through inanimate objects is uncommon, it can occur. Teach youngsters to keep their clothing in their own lockers at school, and encourage educators to make separate hooks available to each student to reduce the risk of spreading infestations among classmates.

Head lice infestations can occur at any time. Learn more about head lice at www.

HeadLice.org.

Ways to enjoy a more restful night’s sleep Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

A good night’s sleep can benefit the human body in various ways, including increasing alertness and improving mood and productivity. But according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, chronic insomnia disorders, which are defined as insomnia that occurs at least three times per week for at least three months, affect 10 percent of the adult population, while an additional 15 to 20 percent of adults suffer from a shortterm insomnia disorder (less than three months). Fortunately, insomnia is treatable, and many people who suffer from insomnia can address their conditions without use of medication. The following are a handful of strategies adults can employ to ensure a more restful night’s sleep.

• Reduce stimulant consumption.

When consumed in large quantities or

close to bedtime, stimulants such as caffeine can make it difficult to fall asleep.

Beverages such as coffee and soda contain enough caffeine to interfere with a person’s ability to fall asleep, so keep your caffeine consumption to a minimum, resisting caffeine four to six hours before bedtime. Nicotine, which is the active constituent in tobacco, also can act as a stimulant, giving men and women another reason to quit smoking. If you must have soda, coffee or tea before, during or after dinner, drink only decaffeinated beverages.

• Stop staring at the clock. According to the Sleep Health Foundation, staring at the clock as you are trying to fall asleep increases the stress hormone cortisol in your body, making it more difficult to fall asleep. Turn your alarm clock away from your bed so you cannot see the time.

• Read before bed but not in bed.

The National Sleep Foundation notes

that calming activities such as reading can help the human body shift into sleep mode. But reading in bed may have an adverse effect on your ability to fall asleep.

Read in an armchair in your bedroom or another room, as you feel yourself growing tired, stop reading and get into bed. If possible, read print books, magazines or newspapers before going to sleep, as studies have shown that the blue light from electronics such as tablets and e-readers can disturb sleep.

• Avoid alcohol. Men and women who struggle to fall asleep may find that alcohol helps to bring on sleep. While that’s often true, a few hours after consumption, alcohol begins to act as a stimulant.

That can affect both your quality of sleep and your ability to remain sleeping. Avoid consuming alcohol within three hours of your bedtime so you can sleep better and longer and are less likely to suffer from interrupted sleep.

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Screening for breast cancer gene Courtesy of North American Precis Syndicate

If you’re like many Americans, you may have heard about the BRCA gene and wondered what it is and whether it is something that could affect you and your family. Here are a few facts.

BRCA is short for “BReast CAncer susceptibility gene.”

There are two main types of BRCA gene, BRCA1 and BRCA2.

When these changes are present, a woman’s risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers, as well as some other types of cancer, is greatly increased. However, mutations in the BRCA genes are rare, and occur in less than 1 percent of women. A BRCA test is a blood test that looks for mutations, or changes that might be harmful, in these genes.

Who is at risk?

Mutations in the BRCA gene are hereditary, so they run in families. Most women — more than 90 percent — do not have a family history that puts them at increased risk of having a BRCA mutation.

You are at increased risk of

having a BRCA mutation if you are of Ashkenazi Jewish descent or if there is a history of certain types of cancer in your family. For example, you are at increased risk if there have been multiple cases of breast cancer in your family, you have a male relative with breast cancer or you have a family member who has had any of the following: a breast cancer diagnosis before age 50, breast cancer in both breasts or two types of BRCArelated cancer — such as both breast and ovarian cancer.

Who should be tested?

According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, a woman with a family history of BRCA-related cancer should be screened by her primary care doctor or nurse to determine if she is at increased risk of having a BRCA mutation. During this screening, the doctor or nurse will ask questions about the history of BRCA-related cancer in a woman’s family. After screening, women who are found to be at increased risk should see a genetic counselor, a type of health care professional who

specializes in genes and disease.

A genetic counselor may recommend BRCA testing based on that counseling. Before this type of screening, most doctors will first test a family member with known breast or ovarian cancer for a BRCA mutation, if possible.

The BRCA test is not a test for cancer itself, but rather a test for the gene mutation and a positive test does not mean that a woman will definitely get cancer. For women who are at increased risk of having a BRCA mutation, genetic counseling and genetic testing can help them determine their best course of action based on their risk.

The BRCA test is only recommended for women who are at increased risk for certain types of cancers. This is because the test does not always provide a clear answer — results are often inconclusive, which can lead to increased anxiety.

Reduce cancer risk While a BRCA gene mutation can be frightening, it is not something that most women need to worry about. All women can reduce their risk

of cancer by adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as limiting alcohol, not smoking, being physically active and maintaining a healthy weight. Receiving regular mammograms is also an important tool to help identify breast cancer early.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends mammograms every other year for women aged 50 to 74 and for some women in their 40s based on their values about the benefits and harms of screening.

Protect your health The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is an independent group of national experts in primary care, prevention, and evidence-based medicine.

The aim of the Task Force’s work is to evaluate and identify critical preventive health services that a primary care professional can perform.

For more information on the Task Force and to read its full report on risk assessment, genetic counseling and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women, visit www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org.

Questions about yawns answered Courtesy of Family Features

Yawning is a natural part of everyday life, yet this simple phenomenon has some rather curious and mysterious features.

To help you learn more about yawning, Dr. Sujay Kansagra, a sleep health consultant for Mattress Firm and the director of Duke University’s Pediatric Neurology Sleep Medicine Program, offers answers to some of the most commonly asked questions.

• Why do I yawn?

This simple question does not yet have a simple answer. However, there are a handful of popular theories. For example, yawning may increase the body’s oxygen levels and help get rid of carbon dioxide.

Alternatively, it may serve an evolutionary role in which yawning was used to show teeth and intimidate others. More recent theories suggest that yawning may help cool the brain in situations when it gets too hot. No theory has been proven correct.

• Do I yawn only when I’m sleepy?

You may think yawning only happens when bored or tired, yet it is not uncommon to see Olympic athletes yawning just

Getty Images

Yawning is a natural part of everyday life, yet this simple phenomenon has some rather curious and mysterious features. prior to their events. A study that looked at soldiers about to parachute out of an airplane for the first time showed an increase in yawning just before jumping, so it’s not just boredom or sleepiness that brings on yawns. Yawning may trigger the brain to make a change in its state, either from bored to alert, sleepy to awake, etc.

• Why do I yawn when I see someone else yawning?

You won’t be surprised to hear that this

too is a mystery. However, there are some surprising things that are known. Even though children begin yawning as early as their first trimester as fetuses, they don’t experience the contagious yawn until closer to 5 years old, around the same time they develop better social understanding and empathy. Interestingly, children with autism yawn just as often as other children, but are much less likely to have a contagious yawn.

• Why am I yawning right now?

Either this article is making you sleepy or you’ve hit on another common trigger for yawns. It’s not only seeing a yawn that can trigger one. Hearing, reading about or thinking about a yawn may also bring one out.

• I frequently see dogs yawning. Do all animals yawn?

All vertebrate animals yawn. However, only humans, chimpanzees and possibly monkeys will yawn when others yawn. Humans are more likely to mimic the yawn of others when they know them well, a habit that has also been shown by chimps.

For more information about yawning, visit StopYawnTalking.com.

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How to choose an oncologist Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Cancer continues to affect people from all walks of life. The National Cancer Institute says approximately 39.6 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lifetimes. However, the good news is that many people with cancer are seeing their diseases go into remission as survival rates continue to improve. This is thanks to many factors, including advancements in cancer treatments and therapies and the growing number of oncologists who specialize in targeted treatments.

Oncologists are specialists who treat cancer, specifically with regard to managing a person’s care and treatment after he or she has been diagnosed. The field of oncology has three major areas, says The Journal of Clinical Oncology. These include medical, surgical and radiation.

A medical oncologist treats cancer using chemotherapy or other targeted medications. A surgical oncologist specializes in tumor removal and will typically perform biopsies and other surgical procedures as they pertain to cancer treatment. A radiation oncologist works with radiation therapy to treat cancer.

In addition to specializing in one field of oncology, oncologists also may have

specific skills as they pertain to one type of cancer. For example, a gynecologic oncologist will be knowledgeable in gynecologic cancers, such as cancers of the uterus and cervix.

Upon receiving a cancer diagnosis, patients are typically treated by a team of oncologists. That’s because cancer treatment is diverse and will often require a combination of therapeutic efforts. Patients can have a say in which oncologists they use and are advised to seek out different opinions to find treatment plans they are comfortable with. The following is some advice on how to guide those research efforts.

• Seek a recommendation from your general practitioner. The doctor who diagnosed the cancer will likely be able to refer you to an oncologist. He or she may know which oncologists have a particularly good track record and can guide you in a certain direction.

• Use searchable databases. Various cancer organizations have searchable databases through which you can learn about the various affiliated oncologists.

• Consult with your insurance company. Cancer treatments can be expensive, and treatments may span several months and entail various therapies. Doctors and treatment centers that participate in your health insurance plan will

be considerably less expensive than those operating outside of your coverage.

• Look for a doctor who specializes in your type of cancer. Working with a doctor who specializes in your cancer may provide you with the peace of mind needed to fight the disease, and someone with a track record of fighting your particular disease may be more skilled at treating the cancer than someone whose experience lies elsewhere.

• Look into oncologists who work at teaching hospitals. Oncologists working at teaching hospitals may have access to clinical trials or be required to continually update their credentials. Oncologists who also teach may be current on the latest therapies and be more capable of explaining your disease and treatment than doctors who do not teach.

• Look for a convenient treatment location. Finding an oncologist who practices at a facility close to home can be an added bonus and one that shaves some of the stress off of the impending treatment.

Short trips to and from treatment may help you maintain your energy levels.

Cancer patients who find a capable oncologist they are comfortable with may find it easier to beat their disease and clear the hurdles they encounter during treatment.

Lower blood-sugar levels without meds Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Diabetes is a disorder in which the body cannot properly store and use the energy found in food. To be more specific, diabetes compromises the body’s ability to use glucose.

According to MediLexicon International, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body wrongly identifies and then attacks pancreatic cells, which causes little to no insulin production. Those with type 1 diabetes usually must rely on insulin shots to remain healthy.

Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production and is the more common form of diabetes.

The pancreas may still produce insulin, but not enough to meet the demands of the body. Insulin resistance occurs in some cases because a consistent high blood-glucose level causes cells to be overexposed to insulin and

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Diabetes treatment can include a combination of strategies, including non-drug remedies. then makes cells less responsive or immune to its effects.

Diabetes treatment can include a combination of strategies, including the following non-drug remedies.

• Diet: Diabetics can work with their doctors and nutritionists to come up with a diet that will be most effective.

Some advocate for eating foods that are low in carbohydrates or ones with a low glycemic index. Others say that it is more important to restrict caloric intake rather than sugar intake.

Work with a professional to create a healthy diet and follow it as closely as possible. Eat meals at the same time each day so you can better regulate bloodsugar spikes and lulls. Skipping meals may cause you to overeat later in the day, which can throw glucose levels off-kilter.

• Exercise: Many people with type 2 diabetes are carrying around extra weight. Exercise can help them shed pounds and maintain healthier weights.

But exercise does more than just help you lose weight. The Joslin Diabetes Center says strength training exercises are an important component

of workouts. By maintaining lean muscle mass, you can get rid of a larger amount of glucose in the bloodstream, thus helping manage diabetes in the process. Get at least 20 to 30 minutes of moderate activity several days per week.

• Supplementation: Some people find that certain natural ingredients can help regulate blood-sugar levels. For example, pure, organic apple cider vinegar taken over time can help people with diabetes manage their blood-sugar levels more effectively.

A small amount of cinnamon per day may be able to reduce fasting glucose levels by anywhere from 18 to 29 percent, according to a study in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Always speak with a doctor before trying any home remedies to treat diabetes or exploring any alternatives to traditional diabetes treatments.

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Dental hygiene is essential for health for pancreatic cancer among this group was in men with recent tooth loss. However, the study was unable to find links between other types of oral health problems, such as tooth decay, and pancreatic cancer.

Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

The importance of maintaining clean teeth and healthy gums goes beyond having fresh breath and a white smile. Many people are surprised to discover that oral hygiene plays an integral role in overall health.

Research indicates that oral health mirrors the condition of the body as a whole.

Also, regular dental visits can alert dentists about overall health and pinpoint if a person is at a risk for chronic disease. An oral health check-up also may be the first indication of a potential health issue not yet evident to a general medical doctor.

Heart disease According to the Academy of General Dentistry, there is a distinct relationship between periodontal disease and conditions such as heart disease and stroke.

Joint teams at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom and the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, Ireland, found that people with bleeding gums from poor dental hygiene could have an increased risk of heart disease. Bacteria from the mouth is able to enter the bloodstream when bleeding gums are present. That bacteria can stick to platelets and subsequently form blood clots. This interrupts the flow of blood to the heart and may trigger a heart attack. Brushing and flossing twice daily and rinsing with mouthwash can remove bacteria and keep gums healthy.

Alzheimer’s disease

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The health of teeth and gums can impact other parts of the body. says infections of the gums that support the teeth can lead to facial and oral pain.

Gingivitis, which is an early stage of gum disease, as well as advanced gum disease, affects more than 75 percent of the American population.

Dental decay can lead to its own share of pain. Maintaining a healthy mouth can fend off decay and infections, thereby preventing pain.

Pancreatic cancer

In 2007, the Harvard School of Public Health reported a link between gum disease and pancreatic cancer. In the ongoing study, 51,000 men were followed and data was collected beginning in 1986.

The Harvard researchers found that men with a history of gum disease had a 64 percent increased risk of pancreFacial pain atic cancer compared with men who had The Office of the Surgeon General never had gum disease. The greatest risk

Various health ailments, including poor oral health, have been linked to a greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In 2010, after reviewing 20 years’ worth of data, researchers from New York University concluded that there is a link between gum inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease.

Follow-up studies from researchers at the University of Central Lancashire in the United Kingdom compared brain samples from 10 living patients with Alzheimer’s to samples from 10 people who did not have the disease. Data indicated that a bacterium — Porphyromonas gingivalis — was present in the Alzheimer’s brain samples but not in the samples from the brains of people who did not have Alzheimer’s.

P. gingivalis is usually associated with chronic gum disease. As a result of the study, experts think that the bacteria can move via nerves in the roots of teeth that connect directly with the brain or through bleeding gums.

These health conditions are just a sampling of the relationship between oral health and overall health. Additional connections also have been made and continue to be studied.

Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the world.

According to the World Cancer Research Fund International, more than 1.1 million cases of prostate cancer were recorded in 2012, accounting for 15 percent of new cancer diagnoses in men that year.

Prostate cancer is often found before any symptoms arise. Prostate cancer screening no doubt contributes to that early detection, but many men are reluctant to be screened, feeling that the digital rectal exam, or DRE, is simply too uncomfortable to undergo. And the Prostate Cancer Foundation notes that there is no unanimous opinion in the medical community regarding the benefits of prostate cancer screening. Men should speak with their physicians to determine if screening is for them, ultimately choosing the option they are most comfortable with and the one they feel best promotes their long-term health.

Men who choose not to get screened for prostate cancer or those who are on the fence regarding screening may benefit from learning as much as possible about the disease. Doing so can help them make more informed screening decisions, and those who choose to avoid screening can learn the potential signs and symptoms so they can bring any problems they might be experiencing to their physicians’ attention as soon as those abnormalities begin to surface.

The PCF notes that not everyone will experience symptoms of prostate cancer, but some men will. Sometimes the presence of certain problems associated with prostate cancer may be indicative of other conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH. BPH is not cancer, but it is an enlargement of the prostate, and a man’s risk for developing BPH grows every year. For example, BPH is present in 20 percent of men in their fifties, and that prevalence rises to 70 percent among men

age 70 or older. Symptoms of prostatitis, a painful condition in which the prostate is inflamed, tender and swollen, may also resemble the symptoms of prostate cancer. But the PCF notes that prostatitis is a benign ailment that is not cancer and does not contribute to cancer.

While not everyone experiences symptoms of prostate cancer, some men may experience changes in their urinary or sexual function. Men who notice the presence of any of the following symptoms should consult their physicians immediately.

• A need to urinate frequently, especially at night • Difficulty starting urination or holding back urine • Weak or interrupted flow of urine • Painful or burning urination • Difficulty having an erection • Painful ejaculation • Blood in urine or semen More information about prostate cancer is available at www.pcf.org.

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 21

Safer surgery and anesthesia Courtesy of Brandpoint

Anesthesia today is safer than ever. But try telling that to a nervous parent of a 5-year-old about to have surgery, or to a patient in his 70s in poor health.

Talking to your surgeon and physician anesthesiologist before surgery is an important step in making sure your experience is as safe and comfortable as possible — regardless of your age. But for children and older adults, that conversation is especially important.

“Most people don’t know that before their surgery they can and should talk with their physician anesthesiologist about their concerns and about their health and health habits,” says Dr. Daniel J. Cole, president of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. “This is especially true for parents of young children who may be worried about how anesthesia could affect the child, and for older adults who might be taking medications that can increase the risk of complications.”

Cole offers these tips.

For adults Whatever your age, make sure the physician anesthesiologist knows everything about your health and lifestyle. Talk about: • Chronic conditions such as allergies, asthma, sleep apnea or diabetes.

• Medications you take, including over-the-counter medications and nutritional supplements.

• Your smoking history and alcohol consumption.

• Your options for controlling pain during recovery.

All these factors could influence how anesthesia affects you and how well you recover from your surgery.

For older adults People who are older are more likely to have medical conditions or take medications that could make surgery and recovery more difficult. Older adults also are more at risk for developing post-operative

delirium, a type of confusion that can be unpleasant for the patient and alarming for the family. Be sure to: • Tell the physician anesthesiologist if you’ve experienced this type of delirium in the past.

• Ask for a recovery room with a window so you’ll know if it’s day or night.

• Have a loved one stay with you during your recovery.

• Have familiar and comforting reminders of home with you: family photos, a calendar or a special keepsake. These can all help you feel less disoriented.

• If you wear glasses or a hearing aid, have them handy so you can use them as soon as it’s OK to do so.

For parents If your child is having surgery, it’s natural to be worried about the child’s safety, as well as his or her physical and emotional comfort. Physician anesthesiologists are concerned about this as well, and work to continue to make anesthesia as safe as possible.

They are partnering with pediatricians, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other specialists and organizations in a program called SmartTots with the goal of continuously studying and improving the safety and effectiveness of anesthesia for children. The good news is that the latest research is reassuring regarding adverse effects of anesthetics on the developing brain.

Parents should: • Be calm and comforting.

Your confidence will be soothing to your child.

• Don’t overpromise. There’s no denying that being in the hospital and having surgery are scary concepts for a child.

Tell your child the hospital will be different from home, and he or she may feel sick or have some pain, but that the doctors and nurses will be there to help.

• Talk to the physician anesthesiologist about possible alternatives to general anesthesia.

To learn more, visit asahq. org/WhenSecondsCount.

‘Virtual colonoscopy’ now option for most Courtesy of NewsUSA

Turning 50 seems to come with its own set of challenges, unlike any other age — be it mental, emotional or physical. It’s also when your doctor is likely to start urging you to get a colonoscopy even if you do not have any symptoms.

But what used to be an unpleasant, albeit necessary and routine procedure, has now become much less invasive, thanks to new technology. The “virtual colonoscopy” (or CT colonography) is now an option for most people who can’t or don’t want to get a standard colonoscopy. It’s being embraced by many doctors and insurers nationwide.

Like its traditional counterpart, the virtual colonoscopy entails drinking a laxative 24 hours prior to the procedure.

Unlike the traditional colonoscopy, which involves a long camera-tipped tube, the virtual exam inserts only about a twoinch soft tube that sends small puffs of gas to fill the colon so that a low-radiation dose computer-assisted CT or “CAT” scan can produce two- and three-dimensional views of the colon. The entire procedure takes about 15 to 20 minutes, so you don’t need to be put to sleep and you can go right back to daily activities.

NewsUSA

Getting checked for colorectal cancer doesn’t have to be a dreaded experience.

“It’s very good in screening, and the patient’s downtime is less,” Dr. Guy Barat, a radiologist at Community Hospital in New Port Richey, Fla., told the St. Petersburg Times in an interview.

President opted for virtual Some diehard traditionalists opine that you still would need a traditional colonoscopy to remove anything found by a virtual colonoscopy. However, the vast majority of exams don’t find anything wrong, and the virtual test has been shown to dramatically increase screening rates.

The virtual colonoscopy is an American

Cancer Society-recommended screening exam. Even President Obama opted for a virtual colonoscopy over the standard test.

Experts say that the new technology can detect polyps the size of small blueberries, as well as cancer and other diseases. For the more than 140,000 Americans that are diagnosed with colorectal cancer every year, with nearly 50,000 dying largely due to late detection, this screening is vital.

The exam has been FDA approved since 1995, and major insurers, including Cigna, United Healthcare, Unicare, Blue Cross/Blue Shield and others, now cover their members for virtual colonoscopies to screen for colon cancer.

The American College of Radiology (ACR) says the last obstacle to tackle is to somehow get Medicare to cover beneficiaries for this life-saving exam so that seniors can have the same screening alternative as those with private insurance.

Currently, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force is examining virtual colonoscopies. A “passing” grade from the USPSTF could lead directly to Medicare coverage under the Affordable Care Act. For more information, please visit RadiologyInfo.org.

22 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Innovative treatment for AFib Courtesy of Brandpoint

An estimated 3 million Americans have atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib), which is the most common cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeat). AF increases in frequency and severity as patients grow older and can cause serious health complications, including stroke.

What is AF? Dr. Shane Bailey, a cardiac electrophysiologist with Texas Cardia Arrhythmia in Austin, treats patients with AF, many of whom know very little about the condition and its symptoms before they are diagnosed.

“I describe AF to my patients as a chaotic, uncontrolled heart rhythm that occurs when the upper chambers of the heart — the atria — contract rapidly and irregularly, from 300 to 600 times per minute. A normal heart beat is 60 to 100 times per minute,” says Bailey.

AF results when the heart’s electrical system, which pro-

vides the basis for heart muscle contractions (heartbeats), fails to send electricity through the heart in a regular, measured pattern. Sometimes the electrical signal gets blocked or travels the same pathways repeatedly, creating a “short circuit” that disturbs normal heart rhythms.

During AF, blood pools in the upper chambers of the heart, where it can clot. If a clot travels from the atria to the brain, it can cause a stroke.

Symptoms Bailey says while some people with AF have no symptoms, others may experience symptoms such as heart palpitations, tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, fainting and anxiousness.

Bob Whitehurst, an AF patient from Houston, decided to pursue treatment after the symptoms began to significantly affect his life.

“AF saps your energy be-

cause your heart isn’t pumping blood efficiently,” Whitehurst says. “I was taking medication, but knew I had to do more when episodes started happening at work. After receiving ablation, I no longer have AF symptoms - the procedure is such a blessing.”

Treatment Medications treat only the symptoms of AF; ablation treats the underlying problem causing the condition. A recent FDA review found ablation had at least a 47 percent greater success rate than medication.

It is important to note there are risks and potential adverse events associated with ablation procedures, including but not limited to cardiovascular related complications, such as hematoma, effusion and infection. Contact force ablation may not be appropriate for patients who have certain recent heart surgery, prosthetic valves, active systemic infection or patients who have un-

dergone other major vascular procedures. Patients should consult with their physician to learn more about their options.

Is ablation right?

Diagnostic procedures help physicians determine the best course of action to successfully manage and treat AF so patients can lead full and active lives. Some people experience side effects from the medications used to treat AF, such as blood thinners.

“Many people don’t like the idea of being on a blood thinner indefinitely,” says Bailey. “For that reason, I consider ablation to be a first-line treatment for many of my AF patients, as the procedure can mean they’ll eventually discontinue using these medicines.”

A checklist of questions patients can ask their doctor can be found at www.sjm.com/ AfibAnswers, a site provided

by St. Jude Medical, a leader in technologies that treat atrial fibrillation.

Help kids feel comfortable at the dentist Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Routine dental examinations and cleanings are an important component of oral healthcare for both children and adults.

However, many children do not visit the dentist until well after the time recommended by medical and dental professionals. Parents may be unaware of the dental health timeline, or they could be reluctant to bring their children for fear of how their kids will behave — especially if parents are harboring their own apprehensions about the dentist.

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends that a child go to the dentist by age 1, or within six months of the eruption of his or her first tooth.

Yet, according to a survey commissioned

by Delta Dental Plans, the average age of a child’s first dental visit is 2.6 years.

Parents worried about how their kids will respond to the dentist can take the following steps to acclimate kids to dental visits to make them more comfortable during their appointments now and down the road.

• Be a positive role model. Children frequently learn by example. If they see their parents being diligent about dental care, they’re more likely to embrace proper oral hygiene. Bring children to your own dental appointments so they understand the process and become familiar

Metro Creative Graphics

Routine dental examinations and cleanings are an important component of oral healthcare for both children and adults. with the type of equipment used.

• Stick to the first-tooth milestone.

Take your child to the dentist on or about when his or her first tooth erupts. Early dental visits will get kids used to going to the dentist and prevent minor problems that may lead to more complex dental issues.

• Read books about the dentist and role play. Information can allay kids’

fears about the dentist. Read books together about dental visits and act out possible scenarios with your kids. Give kids toy dental health tools and have them practice exams on you and vice-versa.

• Be supportive and instill trust.

Avoid telling your child that everything will be OK. If a procedure is needed, this could affect his or her trust in you and make the dental office an even greater source of anxiety. Simply be supportive and offer a hand to squeeze or a hug if your child needs you.

• Consider using your dentist. Some parents like to take their children to a pediatric dentist, but it may not always be necessary. Many family practices cater to patients of all ages, and the familiarity of the office may help make children feel more comfortable. Speak with your dentist about the ages they see.

• Steer clear of negative words. Michael J. Hanna, DMD, a national spokesperson for the AAPD, suggests using positive phrases like “clean, strong, healthy teeth” to make the visit seem fun and positive rather than scary and alarming. Let the office staff come up with their own words to describe processes that won’t seem too frightening.

By employing these techniques, kids’ dental visits can be more pleasant for all involved, paving the way for a lifetime of healthy teeth.

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Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 23

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24 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Choose right OTC pain reliever they are taking,” he says. “People with preexisting medical conditions, or those that are currently taking other medicines, need to be especially careful when choosing an OTC medication for pain relief.”

Courtesy of Brandpoint

To alleviate everyday aches and pains, from headaches to muscle aches, it’s highly likely you’ve reached into your medicine cabinet for an over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever. With almost all of us relying on OTCs for safe and effective pain relief, it’s essential that everyone knows how to choose the type of pain reliever that is right for them as an individual. But a new survey suggests that may not be the case.

A full one in five Americans do not consider any key safety factors when choosing which OTC pain reliever to take, according to a national survey conducted by the U.S. Pain Foundation with support from McNeil Consumer Healthcare. Though 97 percent say they feel confident when choosing which pain reliever to take, more than half of Americans don’t even consider their preexisting medical conditions before reaching for an OTC, and two in three do not consider other OTC medications they are taking.

Medical professionals say keeping your personal health profile in mind is crucial in selecting which OTC pain reliever is most appropriate for you. It’s easy to reach for the first OTC you see on your shelf, but not every OTC is appropriate for everyone. For example, if you have existing stomach conditions, or if you are over the age of 60, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of stomach bleeding.

Dr. David Biondi, senior director of

Make more informed decisions

Brandpoint

Medical professionals say keeping your personal health profile in mind is crucial in selecting which OTC pain reliever is most appropriate for you.

Medical Affairs & Clinical Research at McNeil Consumer Healthcare explains, “Not every OTC pain reliever is appropriate for everyone. When you’re in pain, it’s always important to consider your current health profile first. A pain reliever that was right for you in the past may not be the right choice for you now.”

Paul Gileno, the founder of the U.S. Pain Foundation, an organization dedicated to serving those who live with pain conditions, says finding the right balance between effective relief and safety considerations is the key to making the right choice. “When choosing an OTC pain reliever, consumers should always consider their age, current health conditions, and other medicines

To make more informed decisions when choosing which OTC is appropriate for them, consumers can follow these five tips for choosing and using OTCs: 1. Choose the OTC pain reliever that’s right for you based on your health profile (pre-existing health conditions, age, or other medicines). When in doubt, always ask your health care provider.

2. Always read and follow the Drug Facts label — whether it’s the first time or the 100th time. Drug Facts labels change and so does our health.

3. Stick to the recommended dose and keep track of other medicines you are taking and how they might interact.

4. Know the active ingredient in your medicine and be sure to take only one medicine that contains the same type of active ingredient at a time.

5. Avoid taking OTC pain relievers longer than directed on the label, unless told to do so by your healthcare provider.

Get Relief Responsibly is a national education initiative from McNeil Consumer Healthcare to encourage the safe and responsible use of OTC pain relievers. For more information and resources, visit www.GetReliefResponsibly.com.

Questions to ask about meds you take Courtesy of NewsUSA

How many times have you been prescribed medication by your healthcare provider, only to arrive home to find that you’re unsure about possible side effects? Or the correct dose? Or the risk of taking the new medication together with other medicines you already use? Have you ever felt too embarrassed — or too rushed — to clarify medication information or instructions with your provider?

If you’ve experienced this, you’re not alone. Nearly half of Americans take a prescription medicine, and more than 20 percent of Americans take at least three. However, according to a recent study conducted by the National Council on Patient Information and Educa-

tion (NCPIE), more than 6 of every 10 patients are not aware of the risks associated with the medicines they take. Communication with your health care provider about your medications is critical. Yet too few patients speak up, or even know the right questions to ask.

In an effort to open the lines of communication between patients and providers, NCPIE, in collaboration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has created the Talk Before You Take campaign, a public education initiative to increase communication about medications between health care professionals and patients.

“Open and effective communication between patients and health care providers is important and helps to ensure patients make informed deci-

sions about their health care and the medicines they take,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, director of FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “The Talk Before You Take campaign provides a list of questions and other resources that can make it easier for patients to talk with their health care providers about medicines.”

Talk Before You Take urges you to ask your health care provider these 10 questions about your medicines: 1. What’s the name of the medicine, and what is it for?

2. How and when do I take it, and for how long?

3. What side effects should I expect, and what should I do about them?

4. Should I take this medicine on an empty stomach or with food?

5. Should I avoid any activities, foods, drinks, alcohol or other medicines while taking this prescription?

6. If it’s a once-a-day dose, is it best to take it in the morning or at night?

7. Will this medicine work safely with my other medications, including over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and other supplements?

8. When should I expect the medicine to begin to work, and how will I know if it’s working?

9. How should I store it?

10. Is there any additional written information I should read about?

Asking your doctor, nurse or pharmacist these 10 simple questions can help you stay healthy and safe. For more information, visit www.talkbeforeyoutake.org.

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 25

Is it an urgency or emergency?

Courtesy of Family Features

When unexpected health mishaps arise, many people’s first reaction is to head to an emergency room. But when those illnesses and injuries aren’t true emergencies, not knowing the best option for care can end up costing both time and money.

So how can you know where to go when medical attention is needed?

Urgency, emergency Urgent care centers provide a way to keep up with patients’ daily healthcare needs, serving as a vital link between the emergency room and primary care physicians.

“Urgent care is growing across the country because it provides patients with an alternative to the emergency room, which can be too costly and time-consuming for situations like common illnesses

and minor injuries,” said Dr. Robert Kimball, president of the board of directors, Urgent Care Association of America (UCAOA). “While ERs are best equipped to handle life-threatening illnesses and injuries, it’s important that patients are aware that there are more affordable options available for less serious situations.”

Due to shorter wait times — 90 percent of urgent care centers offer a wait time of 30 minutes or less, according to the 2015 UCAOA Benchmarking Survey — and much lower prices, urgent care centers are a more convenient and affordable option than, but not a substitute for, an emergency room.

When care is needed for true emergency situations, such as heart attacks, strokes, major bleeding or severe burns, it’s vital to go to an emergency room immediately, as urgent care centers are not equipped or designed to treat life- or

limb-threatening conditions.

Dollars and sense When patients visit an emergency room for a nonemergency, they risk incurring a substantial financial loss. Emergency rooms are more expensive, charging an average of $1,300 for treatment of non-life-threatening situations, while urgent care centers charge an average of just $150, according to a Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Plus, 27 percent of all emergency room visits could take place at an urgent care center, which would save American consumers approximately $4.4 billion annually, according to “Health Affairs.” Additionally, many insurance plans feature lower co-pays for urgent care services than treatment in an emergency room.

Understand options “With a growing variety of fa-

cilities available, patients need to take care to understand their options,” Kimball said. “The rise of free-standing emergency rooms is especially concerning because they look like urgent care centers. While they may seem convenient at the time, the emergency room prices can cause sticker shock for patients who aren’t aware of the distinction.”

Free-standing emergency rooms are not physically connected to a hospital and are located in areas similar to urgent care centers, so it can be easy to confuse the two. A free-standing emergency room will offer emergency care — and charge emergency room prices. Patients should be sure to confirm the type of facility they’re visiting, as treatment at a free-standing ER may cost thousands of dollars more than an urgent care center.

To find a conveniently located urgent care center near you, visit whereisurgentcare.com.

Fight back against fatigued eyes Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Eyestrain affects people from all walks of life. Many professionals suffer eyestrain as a result of too many hours spent staring at computer screens. The same can be said for children, who might spend hours doing homework on their computers before hitting the couch for a few spirited rounds of video games.

Whatever the cause of your eyestrain, it’s important that people recognize they are not defenseless against this common foe. But before you can combat eyestrain, it’s best to confirm that your vision troubles are the result of eyestrain and not something more serious. Eye doctors can provide such confirmation, but you can also be on the lookout for common symptoms of eyestrain.

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Adjusting the lighting around their work areas is one way for men and women to reduce computer-related eyestrain.

• Sore, tired, burning, or itching eyes • Abnormally watery eyes • Abnormally dry eyes • Blurred or double vision Eyestrain symptoms • Headache Perhaps the most common side effect of • Increased sensitivity to light eyestrain is how annoying it can feel. Pro• Feeling that you cannot keep your fessionals working at their desks, truck eyes open drivers spending long, uninterrupted Address eyestrain hours on the road and students working on schoolwork can attest that time tends If you remain uncertain about what is to fly once they get in a zone. While land- causing your vision troubles, consult your ing in that zone can lead to increased pro- eye doctor. If eyestrain is the culprit, then ductivity, the Mayo Clinic notes that the there are some ways to remedy your probfollowing are some symptoms of eyestrain lems. that can pop up when eyes are overused.

• Adjust lighting. The American Acad-

emy of Ophthalmology notes that reducing glare from the screen can reduce symptoms of eyestrain. If necessary, use a screen filter when staring at a computer screen. When you will be spending long hours at a desk, the Mayo Clinic suggests lighting your work area with a shaded light positioned in front of you. Such an arrangement can prevent light from shining directly into your eyes.

• Take frequent breaks. Another way to combat eyestrain is to take frequent breaks from whatever your eyes are focusing on. When sitting at your desk, look away from your monitor. The Mayo Clinic notes that looking at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes can provide the respite your eyes need.

• Make yourself cry (artificially). Artificial tears are a proactive way to combat eyestrain. The AAO notes that artificial tears, which are over-the-counter products that can be found at many pharmacies, can refresh dry eyes. But artificial tears also can be used to prevent eyes from drying out.

Even if your eyes feel normal, a few drops of artificial tears can keep them lubricated and prevent the onset of eyestrain. Speak with your eye doctor about which artificial tears to use, as all products are not the same and you may need to follow specific instructions depending on your eyes.

Learn more about eyestrain at www. aao.org.

26 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Cancer risk factors you can control of cancer, but even those who already smoke can significantly reduce their risk by quitting immediately.

Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Cancer is a formidable foe and one that the World Health Organization says is responsible for the deaths of six million people each year. But as deadly an adversary as cancer can be, millions of cases of cancer could be prevented.

According to the WHO, at least one-third of all cancer cases are preventable. Prevention begins with understanding the risk factors for cancer and what you can do to lower your risk of developing this often deadly disease. Some risk factors for cancer, including family history and gender, are beyond an individual’s control.

But the following are risk factors that, when avoided, can dramatically reduce a person’s risk of developing cancer.

Bad diet

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Tobacco

Prevention begins with understanding the risk factors for cancer and what you can do to lower your risk of developing this often deadly disease.

The WHO notes that tobacco causes an estimated 22 percent of cancer deaths each year. That translates to more than 1.3 million tobaccorelated cancer deaths each year. While smokers may be most likely to develop lung cancer as a result of their tobacco use, smoking tobacco

also increases a person’s risk of cancers of the esophagus, larynx, mouth, throat, kidney, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and cervix. Smokeless tobacco also increases a person’s risk of oral cancer and cancers of the esophagus and pancreas.

Avoiding tobacco entirely greatly reduces a person’s risk

Several factors may cause a person to be overweight or obese, but many people who are struggling with obesity are doing so because of poor diets. An elevated risk of heart disease may be the first thing people associate with being overweight or obese, but such people are also more vulnerable to cancer than people who are in shape. The WHO notes there is a link between being overweight or obese and certain cancers, including breast and colorectal cancer. Excess consumption of red and preserved meat may increase a person’s risk of colorectal cancer, while a diet high in fruits and vegetables may have the opposite effect, potentially protecting the body against various cancers.

Physical inactivity Though poor diet may be the primary contributing factor to being overweight or obese, a lifestyle that does not include routine physical activity also

increases a person’s risk for various cancers. The National Cancer Institute notes that studies conducted around the globe have consistently found that adults who increase their physical activity, either in duration, frequency or intensity, can reduce their risk of developing colon cancer by as much as 40 percent compared to those who live physically inactive lifestyles. The NCI also notes that studies have shown that physically active women have a lower risk of developing breast cancer than women who are inactive.

Alcohol According to the WHO, a person’s risk of developing cancer increases with the amount of alcohol that person consumes. While some studies have connected moderate consumption of alcohol with a lower risk of certain ailments, alcohol consumption remains a risk factor for certain cancers, including cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver and breast.

More information about cancer and the risk factors associated with cancer is available at www.who.int/cancer.

How to handle a diagnosis of cancer Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Millions of people are diagnosed with cancer every year. One of the leading killers of men, women and children across the globe, cancer affects those diagnosed as well as their families and friends.

Cancer treatments continue to evolve, which should come as welcome news to men and women diagnosed with this often treatable disease. That group figures to expand in the coming years, as the World Health Organization estimates the number of new cancer cases will rise by about 70 percent over the next two decades.

Regardless of how far cancer research has come, a cancer diagnosis remains a cause for concern. Handling such a diagnosis well can help patients in their fights against the disease and improve their chances of making a full recovery.

• Learn about your disease. Physicians will make suggestions and recommendations to their patients, but it’s ultimately up to patients to make decisions regarding their treatments. Learn-

ing about your disease may help you feel more comfortable about the decisions you will be asked to make during your fight.

The Mayo Clinic also advises men and women to determine their comfort levels with regard to their disease. Some may prefer to learn only the basics of their disease, trusting major treatment decisions to their physicians, while others want to know as much as possible so they can be the primary decision-maker regarding their treatments. Don’t be afraid to leave major decisions to your physician if you find yourself becoming overwhelmed with information about your disease.

• Embrace your support system.

Friends and family members can be wonderful resources during your fight against cancer. The Mayo Clinic advises cancer patients to keep the lines of communication with their loved ones open, sharing updates about your treatments and discussing any decisions you may be facing.

Feelings of isolation may grow if you stay tight-lipped about your disease, so embrace your support system, accepting any

help your loved ones offer.

• Prepare for change. Cancer treatments have come a long way over the last several decades, but they may still produce unwanted side effects, such as fatigue and hair loss. The Mayo Clinic notes that cancer support groups may be especially helpful as cancer patients prepare and ultimately deal with the changes that accompany their treatments. Ask your physician about the likely side effects of your treatment and if he or she has any suggestions regarding how to handle those side effects.

• Revisit your priorities. Patients will have to devote a lot of time and energy to successfully navigate cancer treatments.

Revisiting your priorities to determine what’s truly important can help you clear away personal clutter so you have more energy as you fight your disease.

Receiving a cancer diagnosis is a lifechanging event. How patients handle their diagnosis can have a dramatic impact on how successfully their bodies take to treatment.

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Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 27

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28 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Common causes of seasonal allergies Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Allergy triggers are all around, and the rates of those people affected by various allergies seems to be growing. Worldwide, the rise in prevalence of allergic diseases has continued in the industrialized world for more than 50 years, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Sensitization to foreign proteins in one’s environment is present in up to 40 percent of the world’s population, continues AAAAI. An allergy is defined as an overreaction of the human immune system to a foreign protein (allergen) that is eaten, inhaled, touched, or injected into the body. Allergies can cause such reactions as stuffy or runny noses, itchy eyes, coughing/sneezing, rashes, and hives. More severe reactions can include difficulty breathing, a lowering of blood pressure and asthma attacks.

Millions of visits to physician offices result in a primary diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, or hay fever — one of the most common allergy manifestations. The CDC says 17.6 million Americans were diagnosed with hay fever in the past 12 months. Allergic rhinitis is a common condition that creates symptoms similar to a cold. Unlike a cold, which is caused by a virus, allergic rhinitis is an allergic response to any number of triggers. Usually hay fever can

Metro Creative Graphics

Pollen, mold, dust and animal dander are some of the more common triggers of allergic rhinitis. be brought on by any number of allergens and sometimes it can be difficult to narrow down the exact cause. However, here are some of the more common allergens.

• Pollen: Of all things that can cause an allergy, those resulting from pollen tend to be the most prolific. Pollen can be released from trees, grasses, weeds, and flowers throughout much of the year.

While the main goal of pollen is to fertilize other plants, pollen that is inhaled can cause allergic reactions. It’s one of the more difficult allergens to avoid since pollen is virtually everywhere.

• Dust: Dust is an accumulation of microscopic particles that become trapped

in a home. A large portion of dust is comprised of dust mites. WebMD says about 20 million Americans are allergic to dust mites and their waste. Dust mites feed on skin from pets and humans. They tend to spike in numbers during warmer weather or if indoor temperatures are kept at 75 F or higher. Cleaning using a HEPA filter vacuum can keep dust at a minimum. Air purifiers also may be able to help.

• Animal dander: Millions of pet owners have an allergy to their animals, says AAAAI. It’s not the fur of the animal that causes the trouble, but usually proteins found in a pet’s shed skin, saliva and urine that can cause problems. Keep in mind that there are no truly hypoallergenic breeds, and length of hair or fur will not eliminate allergies. An allergist may be able to suggest a course of treatment.

• Mold: Tiny fungi with spores that float through the air, mold is yet another common allergen. The most common allergy-causing molds include Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. Preventing the environment needed for mold to grow can reduce allergic reactions. This primarily means airing out homes to keep them dry.

Allergies can occur all year long and be bothersome. Working with an allergist and avoiding the most common triggers can help people feel more comfortable.

Help kids overcome a fear of needles Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Immunizations are an integral part of a healthy lifestyle.

Physicians and various health organizations advise that children and adults adhere to a specific schedule of vaccinations that can help them develop antibodies to fend off a variety of illnesses. Unfortunately for kids who fear needles, most immunizations are administered intravenously.

Children fearful of needles are typically hesitant, if not petrified, to receive their immunizations. However, failure to receive recommended vaccinations increases a child’s susceptibility to various diseases, and kids who do not receive their immunizations may be running afoul of the law. The American Academy of Pediatrics’ immunization schedule calls for children to get the bulk of their vaccines before age two. However, additional vaccines must be administered

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Parents can employ various strategies to calm kids’ fears about receiving immunization shots. later in life. And while many children outgrow their fear of needles as they approach adolescence, some may still resist.

To make the immunization process less painful for children, parents can take certain steps.

• Put on a smile. Children take their cues from their parents. If you show nerves or let on that you are nervous about the immunization shots, your son or daughter may take note of your apprehension and become even more scared of

needles than he or she already is. Make light of what is going to happen if the child understands what the visit is all about. Downplay any discomfort and resist the urge to say “don’t worry.” It may actually give the child the impression there is something to worry about.

• Be open and honest.

Older children may appreciate hearing the truth instead of being told a tall tale about the immunization process.

Explain that the needle will only briefly penetrate the skin, meaning the procedure will be done very quickly.

• Don’t make shots a form of punishment. The threat “behave or the doctor will give you a shot,” is not helpful at all. It will only compound fears of shots and paint the picture that they are a punishment rather than a necessity.

• Listen to concerns. Let your child speak to you about why he or she is nervous about

receiving a shot. Offer your support in a warm, matter-offact way.

• Offer a distraction. Let the child hold a video game or incentivize the process by promising a sweet or favorite treat, which can take your child’s focus off of the shot being administered.

• Hold your child. Kids may find that sitting on a parent’s lap assuages their fears.

For older children who can’t fit on your lap, let them hug you or hold your hand for comfort.

• Use a topical anesthetic. Ask the doctor or nurse if there is a numbing swab or spray that can be used to take the bite out of the needle.

• Lead by example. Take your child with you when you receive vaccinations, so that he or she can witness that the process is both quick and painless.

Immunization shots are seldom fun for children or adults, but there are strategies to make the entire process less painful.

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 29

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30 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Be smart about antibiotic use Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

When used correctly, antibiotics and similar drugs known as antimicrobial agents can alleviate infections caused by various bacteria and some types of fungi and parasites. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that these drugs have been used successfully for the last 70 years to treat patients with infectious diseases.

But antibiotics cannot treat illnesses stemming from viruses, which include most colds and the flu.

As effective as antibiotics can be, antibiotic resistance is a growing problem.

The CDC reports that at least two million people become infected with bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics, and roughly 23,000 people die each year as a result of these types of infections. An April 2014 report from the World Health Organization stated, “This serious threat is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country. It is now a major threat to public health.”

The Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics says antibiotic resistance occurs when an antibiotic has lost its ability to effectively control or kill bacterial growth. The three main ways resistance develops include natural resistance to cer-

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As effective as antibiotics can be, antibiotic resistance is a growing problem. tain types of antibiotics, genetic mutation or through the acquisition of resistance from another bacterium. This resistance can occur spontaneously or through misuse of antibiotics or antimicrobials. Prescription medications are not always the culprits, either. Antibiotic use in livestock and food production also may contribute to resistance.

When antibiotic resistance occurs, a stronger drug may be needed to treat an infection that was once taken care of by a milder medication.

Prudent antibiotic use can help prevent the recurrence of resistance. Individuals can help the process in a number of ways.

• Become educated. The health resource Medscape, powered by WebMD,

says in a recent survey of 796 clinicians, 42 percent of doctors have admitted to prescribing antibiotics 10 to 24 percent of the time even when they are not sure they are necessary. Patient request is a large factor in such offerings. About 25 percent of patients ask their doctor or nurse for antibiotics. Patients who educate themselves about the proper application of antibiotics may be less likely to request them, and that can help prevent the development of a resistance.

• Confirm need. Only take antibiotics when a bacteria-, parasite- or fungusbased illness is identified. These illnesses may include strep throat, urinary tract infections or ear infections.

• Take a wait-and-see approach.

Wait for lab results to come back for strep throat or other cultures to see if you need an antibiotic. Many viral-based illnesses will go away within two weeks’ time.

• Adhere to dosage guidelines. When prescribed antibiotics for an infection, take them as directed, making sure you complete the dosage cycle. Do not stop simply because you feel better. Stopping early may not be enough to effectively kill the bacteria and may contribute to resistance in the future.

Antibiotic abuse and resistance are concerns that can be addressed by becoming informed and making smart medication choices.

Robotic surgery can be advantageous Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Certain illnesses or injuries require surgery to correct the problem or prevent further damage. Surgery is not something many people would volunteer for, but it can be a necessity in certain instances.

Patients may have many questions when they learn that surgery is on the horizon. Robotic surgery in particular may raise patients’ eyebrows. Robotic surgery is a relatively recent development. According to UC Health and Mount Carmel Medical Center, robotic surgery is an advanced form of minimally invasive or laparoscopic (small incision) surgery. Compared to open surgeries, robotic surgery offers many benefits to patients, some of which include: • minimal scarring • reduced blood loss • faster recovery time

• reduced risk of infection • reduced pain and discomfort • possibly shorter hospitalization • faster recovery time Robotic surgery works similarly to traditional surgery, but instead of the surgeon working manually, robotic arms take over. During robotic surgery, typically three robotic arms are inserted into the patient through small incisions. One arm is a camera and the other two serve as the surgeon’s “hands.” In some instances, a fourth arm is used to clear away any obstructions. Surgeons will perform the procedure using a computer-controlled console.

Robotic surgery does not mean that a robot is taking the place of a surgeon. Rather, robotic surgery combines the skills and knowledge of surgeons with advancements in

technology in an effort to improve surgical procedures.

Many surgeons prefer robotic surgery because of its precision and the superior visualization of the surgical field that the procedure provides. It’s also easier to account for tremors in the hands, and the machinery enables greater maneuverability.

UC Health explains how robotic surgery works: The surgeon will work from a computer console in the operating room, controlling the miniaturized instruments mounted on the robotic arms. He or she looks through a 3-D camera attached to another robotic arm, which magnifies the surgical site. The surgeon’s hand, wrist and finger movements will be transmitted through the computer console to the instruments attached to the robot’s arms. The mimicked movements have the same range of

motion as the surgeon, allowing for maximum control. While the surgeon is working, the surgical team will supervise the robot at the patient’s bedside.

Men, women and children can benefit from robotic surgery, which has become especially helpful for gynecologic conditions. Robotic surgery has been used in the treatment of cancers of the abdomen, as well as pelvic masses, fibroids, tumors, and tubal ligations.

Robotic surgery also can be used for pelvic reconstruction surgeries and to treat incontinence and organ prolapse.

Although the success rates of traditional surgery versus robotic surgery have been relatively similar, many people are now leaning toward robotic surgery because of its advantages — and seeking doctors and hospitals trained in robotic surgery.

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 31

Separate acne myths from facts multiply in blocked pores, they can cause painful, red pimples.

Pimples that grow and become filled with fluid and pus may develop into cysts.

Acne forms thanks to hormonal changes and the natural oils in the body. Contrary to popular belief, acne is not caused by consumption of greasy foods or poor hygiene. Acne is not a reflection on cleanliness. It tends to be a natural part of adolescence for many people.

Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Acne tends to affect people when they are most self-conscious about their appearances — the teenage years. UC Davis Health System estimates that 85 percent of teens get acne, with the first outbreak starting around age 11 for girls and a few years later for boys.

But acne is not exclusive to teenagers. Adults also can get acne, with 30 to 40 percent of adults experiencing it. Despite the prevalence of acne, some people remain misinformed about the skin condition and the best ways to treat it.

What is acne?

Metro Creative Graphics Acne, which includes pim- Acne may compel teens to hide ples, whiteheads, blackheads, their faces. Getting the facts cysts, and pustules, develops about acne can mean faster when the tiny pores associated treatment and greater relief. with hair follicles on the face, chest and back become blocked sebum cannot escape properly by an oily substance called se- from the pores and a whitebum. Sebum glands are stimu- head can occur. Blackheads lated by hormonal changes. If happen when whiteheads are the follicles become blocked, exposed to the air. If bacteria The Hearing place qrtr.crtr - Page 1 - Composite

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and prevent new pimples from forming. If benzoyl peroxide doesn’t work, a doctor may prescribe retinoids or antibiotics.

Common acne myths

Popping pimples may seem tempting, but it’s an ineffective way to treat acne. In fact, popping pimples can lead to scarring that will stay with a person for life. People should resist the urge to pick at pimples.

The sun will not clear up acne. The sun can inflame the Treating acne skin, something you want to Treatments for acne have control when treating acne, come a long way because der- and overexposure to the sun matologists are more informed may cause acne to spread, say about acne than ever. Benzoyl the acne experts at Proactiv. peroxide is a common treatIt’s also important to know ment for acne that helps kill pores do not open and close. bacteria in the skin and dry Therefore any product promisout oil ducts. There are vari- ing to close pores to prevent acne ous types of benzoyl peroxide, formation is misleading. Reand individuals are urged to moving dead skin cells through start with the lowest concen- gentle washing can minimize tration and build up if it proves the appearance of large pores. ineffective. Gently exfoliating Acne is a chronic condition the skin to remove dead skin that requires daily skin care to cells can help keep pores clean keep breakouts at bay.

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32 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Signs of childhood vision troubles Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Adults know when they are beginning to experience trouble with their vision. In such instances, men and women will book appointments with their eye doctors to determine what’s causing their problems.

But whether it’s a fear or eyeglasses or simply feeling their symptoms are normal, kids might be hesitant to tell their parents about any vision problems they’re having.

As a result, parents must learn to recognize certain warning signs that indicate their children are experiencing vision problems.

Vision problems in youngsters can be especially problematic, as many of the lessons kids learn in school still begin on a chalkboard. The following are some potential indicators that kids might be dealing with vision problems that require medical attention.

• Reading habits: Vision problems may be most noticeable when kids are reading. As youngsters learn to read, they might use their fingers to keep their place while they figure out the pronunciation of certain words. But kids eventually grow out of that habit. Kids who are still doing so long after they have learned to read may be having trouble seeing words on the page. In addition, kids who pull their reading materials very close to their eyes may be struggling to see the words.

• Viewing habits: Peculiar viewing habits may also be indicative of poor vision.

Kids who sit too close to the television may be struggling to see what’s on as opposed to

Metro Creative Graphics

Parents must learn to recognize certain warning signs that indicate their children are experiencing vision problems. just being overexcited to see their favorite shows. Kids who prefer to watch programs on tablets they can hold as opposed to televisions may also make that choice because it’s easier for them to see on their tablets than on the television. In such instances,

ask why they prefer tablets to television.

When kids watch TV, ask them to move further away from the television. If they complain moving back makes it hard to see, book an appointment with an eye doctor.

• Eye rubbing: Many kids, and even adults, rub their eyes when they are feeling fatigued. But kids who seem to rub their eyes frequently and at times of the day when they should not be tired may be experiencing vision troubles and feeling frustrated that they cannot see very well.

• Eye activity: Some kids begin to close one eye when reading, watching television or attempting to read signs. That may be indicative of a refractive vision disorder, in which the eye struggles to focus, or refract, light correctly on the retina. Such problems can often be corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses, but some refractive disorders may require surgery.

• Squinting: Kids who squint a lot may be finding it difficult to focus on words on a chalkboard or even television programs.

Squinting may also be brought on by a corneal abrasion. Parents who notice their youngsters are squinting should consult the child’s eye doctor to determine the cause of the problem.

Vision problems can be especially harmful to children, who rely on their vision to perform their schoolwork. Parents who learn to recognize the various warning signs of vision troubles can nip problems in the bud before they have too great an impact on youngsters.

Women’s health screenings are important Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Routine medical screenings are an essential element of a healthy lifestyle. Many health screenings are recommended for both men and women, but women also should include some gender-specific testing in their health routines.

“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” That popular adage can be applied to personal health, particularly with respect to women’s health screenings.

• Breast cancer: Both men and women can get breast cancer, but women are at a far greater risk than men. According to Breastcancer.org, roughly one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. The Canadian Cancer Society says breast cancer is the second leading cause of

death from cancer in Canadian women. The earlier a woman finds breast cancer, the better her chance for survival. Cancers caught early are less likely to spread to the lymph nodes and vital organs than cancers caught at later stages. Recommendations on mammogram screening start time and frequency vary with age and risk factor, so women should discuss and develop an individualized plan with their doctors.

• Cervical cancer: Doctors advise that women should receive pelvic exams beginning at age 21, or earlier for women who are sexually active. Pap smears are screenings that help detect the presence of cancerous cells on and around the cervix that may be indicative of cervical cancer. Guidelines continually change regarding the frequency of Pap smear testing, but the general consensus is women age

30 and older may need screening every three years if they have not had any abnormal tests in the past, according to Everyday Health. Women should speak with their gynecologists regarding how frequently they should be tested for cervical cancer.

• Bone density test: Osteoporosis, a weakening of bones that causes them to become more fragile, may initially be symptom-free.

Osteoporosis is often discovered only after a fracture. The National Osteoporosis Foundation says that estrogen decreases during menopause can cause bone loss, which is why women have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis than men. In addition to healthy living habits, bone mineral density tests beginning at age 65 or earlier can help identify problems early on. Certain risk factors may require women to begin receiving

bone density tests before age 65.

• Skin cancer screening: A report from the National Cancer Institute appearing in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology revealed startling melanoma trends among young women. This deadly skin cancer is rising in incidence. Screening for changes in skin markings can help identify melanoma and other non-melanoma cancers early on. Skin should be checked by a dermatologist or a general health professional during regular physicals.

Guidelines recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, a group of experts in disease prevention, also recommend these screenings for women: blood pressure, cholesterol, colorectal cancer, and diabetes. Proper care and early identification of illness risk factors can keep women on the road to good health.

Coffee may fight colorectal cancer Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Coffee compels many people to rise out of bed every morning. While individuals have many reasons to drink caffeinated beverages, the most notable is often the pep such beverages provide. But coffee, tea and other caffeinated beverages actually may provide additional benefits, including helping to fend off disease, including colorectal cancer.

The American Cancer Society estimates that, in the United States, more than 95,000 new cases of colon cancer and 39,000 new cases of rectal cancer will be diagnosed in 2016. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in men and women.

However, coffee may help reduce instances of colon cancer.

A study titled “Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer,” which was published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, found that regular coffee consumption inversely correlates to colorectal cancer risk. Coffee has been identified as a protective agent against colorectal cancer, as several of its components affect the physiology of the colon and can make cancerous cells less likely to take root there.

The Journal of the National Cancer Institute also substantiates these claims. Frequent coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in a number of case-control studies — for both men and women.

Drinking coffee may not only help keep cancer at bay, it may boost the survival rate from colon cancer, too. Information from a study published in The Journal of Clinical Oncology stated that colon cancer patients who are heavy coffee drinkers have a far lower risk of dying or having their cancer return than those who do not drink coffee. Significant benefits start at two to three cups per day. People who consumed four cups of caffeinated coffee or more a day had half the rate

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Coffee, tea and other caffeinated beverages may help fend off disease, including colorectal cancer. of recurrence or death than non-coffee drinkers.

Other data indicates caffeine alone may not be behind the reduced cancer risks and rates — it may be the coffee itself. Researchers at the University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center of Keck Medicine found that decreased colorectal risk was seen across all types of coffee, both caffeinated and decaffeinated. According to Dr. Stephen Gruber, the author of the study, coffee contains many elements that contribute to overall colorectal health, which may explain coffee’s preventive properties. Caffeine and polyphenol can act as antioxidants, limiting the growth of potential colon cancer cells.

Melanoidins generated during the roasting process have been thought to encourage colon mobility, and diterpenes may prevent cancer by enhancing the body’s defense against oxidative damage.

Although data continues to suggest that coffee can help reduce colorectal cancer risk and survival rates, additional information is still needed before doctors can start recommending coffee consumption as a preventative measure.

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34 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Hypertension can have domino effect condition is that we know how to manage it,” Lawrence said. “We know that lifestyle changes really work to reduce pressure, and many of the medications to manage it are inexpensive.”

Courtesy of North American Precis Syndicate

Uncontrolled blood pressure can trigger a domino effect of catastrophic health events such as stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney disease — but you don’t have to let it knock you down.

About 80 million adults, roughly onethird of the U.S. adult population, have it. Most people with high blood pressure have no symptoms and can go for years without a diagnosis. In fact, one out of five people with high blood pressure don’t even know they have it.

To help, the American Heart Association (AHA) created a new video showing a line of dominoes that trigger the fall of the heart and brain, indicating how the condition damages those vital organs.

“So many people involved in the treatment of hypertension have seen its ravages,” said Willie E. Lawrence, Jr., M.D., chief of cardiology at Research Medical Center in Kansas City, Missouri, and an AHA volunteer. “Many of us have been influenced by its impact on friends and family — whether we know someone who has high blood pressure or has had a heart attack or stroke because of it.”

High blood pressure is when blood pumps through your blood vessels with too much force. That can damage blood vessels and “topple” your health.

Blood vessels can be damaged by tears in the muscular wall or by weakening.

Tears can lead to clots, which then lead to heart attacks or strokes. Weakening can cause the vessel to burst, as in an aneurysm or brain bleed.

“About half of the people who have high blood pressure don’t have it under control,” Lawrence added. “Awareness is simply not enough, and we want to send

How to manage

North American Precis Syndicate

Just as dominoes can fall one after another, high blood pressure can lead to other problems, if you don’t take care. the message that high blood pressure is serious. We have to be active, and even aggressive, in managing and treating high blood pressure because lives are at stake.”

Another domino effect of uncontrolled high blood pressure is that it may triple the risk of heart failure, which affects nearly 6 million Americans. When heart failure occurs, the weakened heart cannot keep up with the body’s needs.

Blood vessel damage also affects kidney function, paving the way for kidney disease and the need for dialysis. High blood pressure is the second leading cause of kidney failure. The kidneys and the circulatory system depend on each other for good health. The AHA and the National Kidney Foundation are working together to prevent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, stroke and kidney disease through early detection, prevention and awareness initiatives.

“The good news for people with this

How to manage blood pressure: • Eat a better diet, which may include reducing salt.

• Enjoy regular physical activity. At least 150 minutes per week of moderateintensity physical activity, such as brisk walking.

• Maintain a healthy weight. Even a small weight loss, such as 10 pounds, can reduce blood pressure.

• Manage stress. It can cause a temporary increase in blood pressure. If you’re working to keep your pressure in a healthy range, avoiding stress can help you maintain your goal.

• Comply with medication prescriptions. Healthy eating and physical activity should be part of your plan for lowering blood pressure — even if you’re taking medication — but a healthy lifestyle may not eliminate the need for medications.

• If you drink, limit alcohol. The AHA recommends that if you drink, limit alcohol to no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women.

“It’s important to know that there is no ‘safe’ level of high blood pressure, even if you feel OK,” Lawrence said. “There’s a reason we call high blood pressure a silent killer. Don’t take life-or-death chances with this disease. Instead, take responsibility and don’t let that first domino fall.”

To view the video and learn more about managing blood pressure, visit www. heart.org/hbp.

Certain foods may reduce risk of cancer Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Cancer affects millions of people across the globe each year. While those diagnosed with cancer face the biggest challenges, cancer patients’ friends and families also must deal with the consequences of a cancer diagnosis and the heartbreak that often accompanies seeing a loved one undergo cancer treatments.

Strong support systems can help cancer patients during their treatments, but men and women need not wait until a loved one has been diagnosed with cancer to begin fighting the disease. Taking steps to prevent cancer may be easier when tackled together as a

family or a group of friends.

According the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, one of the world’s leading centers devoted to cancer patient care, research, education and prevention, many foods can help men, women and children reduce their cancer risk. When shopping for household groceries, families and groups of friends living together can aim to make the following cancer-fighting foods part of their daily diets.

Produce • Broccoli • Cauliflower • Brussels sprouts • Oranges

• Low-fat cheese • Organic spinach • Skim, or fat-free, milk • Organic kale or collard greens Grains • Peas (fresh or frozen) • Lentils • Red or purple grapes (pref• Regular or instant wild erably organic, if imported) • Tomatoes (no salt added if rice or brown rice • Whole grain pasta buying canned tomatoes)

Protein

Bread

• Lean chicken or turkey • Whole grain bread, torti• Lean fish, including salmon, llas or buns halibut, redfish or red snapper Condiments • Low-sodium black, red or • Canola oil pinto beans • Low-fat or fat-free salad • Low-sodium garbanzo dressing beans • Olive oil • Tofu

Dairy • Eggs or egg substitutes

Spices • Turmeric

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 35

How to maintain healthy kidneys Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Few people devote much thought to their kidneys unless their doctor advises them they are having kidney troubles.

But kidneys perform essential functions in the human body, filtering water and waste out of blood and urine while also helping to control blood pressure. When operating correctly, kidneys can go a long way toward ensuring a healthy life.

But when kidneys are compromised, the results can be very harmful to human health.

Kidney disease is no small cause for concern, as the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases notes that more than 20 million Americans may have kidney disease, with millions more being at risk. Kidney disease may be even more problematic in Canada, where the Kidney Foundation of Canada reports that one in 10 Canadians has kidney disease.

Though family history is one risk factor for kidney disease, it’s not just genetics that put people at risk. People with diabetes, high blood pressure and/or cardiovascular disease are also at risk of developing kidney disease, which develops gradually and does not often produce physical symptoms until it has reached an advanced stage.

Because people may not

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Maintaining a healthy blood pressure is one way for men and women to promote long-term kidney health. detect symptoms of kidney disease until it reaches an advanced stage, the NIDDK recommends people schedule routine blood tests to check their glomerular filtration rate, or GFR, which checks to see how well kidneys are filtering. The NIDDK also notes the importance of routine urine tests, which check for protein in urine. The presence of the protein albumin in urine indicates kidney damage.

In addition to routine screenings, people can take the following steps to maintain

healthy kidneys so they can live long, healthy and active lives.

• Maintain a healthy blood pressure. A healthy blood pressure can delay or prevent the onset of kidney disease. The American Heart Association advises that a normal healthy blood pressure is a systolic number (the top number) less than 120 and a diastolic number (the bottom number) less than 80. The systolic number measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats, while the diastolic number measures the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats. Have your blood pressure measured by your physician on each visit (and no less than once per year), and speak with him or her about ways to lower your blood pressure if it is high or if your blood pressure falls in the pre-hypertension range (120139 over 80-89), which means you are at risk of developing high blood pressure.

• Reduce sodium consumption. One simple way to protect your kidneys is to consume less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium each day.

Though sodium serves some essential functions in the body, helping it to regulate blood pressure among other things, people with kidney disease cannot eliminate excess sodium and fluid from their bodies. The resulting buildup in the tissues and bloodstream can contrib-

ute to high blood pressure.

• Limit alcohol intake.

The NIDDK advises that limiting alcohol intake can help to keep kidneys healthy and operating at full strength. Alcohol impacts the body in various ways, and kidneys are not immune to the effects of alcohol.

Alcohol can cause changes in the kidneys that compromise their ability to filter blood.

Alcohol also can affect the ability of kidneys to maintain the right amount of water in the body. That’s because alcohol consumed in excess dehydrates the body, making it harder for cells and organs, including the kidneys, to function normally. Speak with your physician about your alcohol consumption and what is considered healthy for someone in your situation.

• Consume a kidneyfriendly diet. The right diet also can help people maintain healthy kidneys. A diet that includes kidney-friendly foods can prevent the buildup of waste in the kidneys while also helping people maintain healthy blood pressures. The National Kidney Foundation notes that foods such as apples, blueberries, fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, and kale are just a few kidney-friendly foods.

Healthy kidneys can contribute to long, healthy lives.

Learn more about the kidneys at www.kidney.org.

36 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Ways to reduce asthma attacks Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Millions of people — 25.9 million in the United States alone — have asthma, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Asthma has become increasingly prevalent in all sex, age and racial groups since the early 1980s. It is one of the most common and costly diseases, and still has no cure.

Swelling of the airways occurs when a person has asthma.

This can result in wheezing, coughing and tightness in the chest. For those who cannot find relief, asthma attacks can prove deadly. Although there is no way to prevent asthma, by following a plan, there are ways to lessen the frequency and severity of attacks. Most of these tips involve reducing contact with allergens that can trigger asthma attacks.

Home First, assess your house to identify and reduce common allergens.

• Wash linens and clothing in hot water to kill off any dust mites. The water temperature should be at least 130 F.

may actually be less likely to develop allergies and asthma.

• Put allergy-proof covers on pillows.

• Vacuum at least twice a week with a HEPA air filterenhanced vacuum cleaner.

• Reduce humidity around the house, as it can lead to the prevalence of mold. Mold is a common asthma trigger. That means using a dehumidifier, keeping bathrooms clean and dry and repairing any leaks promptly.

• Insist that people who smoke tobacco products do so outside of the house. Secondhand smoke has been shown to increase the development Metro Creative Graphics of asthma and other chronic Although there is no way to respiratory illnesses, says the prevent asthma, by following a American Academy of Allergy, plan, there are ways to lessen the Asthma & Immunology.

frequency and severity of attacks.

Outside, work, school

• If pets trigger a reaction, keep companion animals off of furniture and beds where they can leave fur and dander behind. Limit the rooms in which pets can stay. There is some research that states children exposed to animals early in life

You may have less control over allergens outside of the home, but there are still ways to cut down on attacks.

• Avoid smoking areas outside of stores and office buildings.

• Know the office cleaning

schedule and work around those hours. In some instances, cleaning products and other chemicals can trigger attacks.

• Keep stress at a minimum because intense emotions can bring on asthma symptoms, according to Paul Ehrlich, M.D., coauthor of “Asthma Allergies Children: A Parent’s Guide.”

• Check the air quality outdoors before venturing outside. Stay inside during ozone alerts or when the air is very humid or stagnant.

• Seasonal allergies and asthma often go hand-in-hand.

Check pollen, mold and ragweed counts. Stay indoors on peak days.

• Be sure physical education teachers are aware that gym class may trigger asthma attacks in your children, and that they should look for apparent symptoms.

In addition to these tips, a rescue inhaler can help quiet a potential attack. Keep medication available at all times. Plus, speak with a doctor about customizing an attack prevention plan even further. More information is available at www.aaaai.org.

Gain understanding about lung cancer Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

One of the more prolific and leading causes of cancer-related deaths among both men and women, lung cancer continues to affect the lives of millions of people each year. The American Lung Association says lung cancer is the most common cancer across the globe, accounting for roughly 1.8 million new cases each year. Although more men than women are diagnosed with lung cancer each year, more women live with the disease.

The rates of lung cancer diagnoses in women have risen 98 percent over the past 37 years.

Despite the prevalence of lung cancer, some people remain in the dark about the particulars of this potentially deadly disease. Misinformation may also lead some to believe they are safer than they truly are. The following are some lung cancer statistics that may help men and women gain a bet-

Metro Creative Graphics

Lung cancer goes beyond the obvious connection to smoking, as the disease can even affect people who don’t smoke.

ter understanding of this deadly yet often preventable disease.

• Lung cancer claims more lives than breast, prostate and colon cancer combined, says the American Cancer Society.

• Survival rates among other cancers are higher than those of lung cancer. The five-yearsurvival rate of lung cancer is only 16.8 percent, compared to 89.2 percent for breast cancer.

• The National Cancer Institute says black men and women

are more likely to develop and die from lung cancer than any other racial or ethnic group.

The lung cancer incidence rate for black women is roughly equal to that of white women, despite the fact that black women smoke fewer cigarettes.

• Lung cancer is not exclusive to smokers. The ACS says almost 80 percent of new lung cancer cases occur in former smokers or people who have never smoked. Current smokers account for 20 percent of lung cancer cases.

• According to the Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, lung cancer is among the least funded cancers in terms of research dollars per death.

• Lung cancer patients are routinely blamed for their condition, even though many cases of lung cancer are beyond

their control — as is the case with non-smoking-related lung cancer. Radon causes around 10 percent of lung cancer cases and occupational exposure to carcinogens around another 10 to 15 percent, says the American Lung Association.

• Lung cancer may not produce early symptoms, but a cough that will not go away or chest pain may indicate the presence of the disease.

• Early detection of lung cancer is crucial to survival.

Receiving treatment as early as possible can lower the risks associated with the disease, including its likeliness to spread to other organs.

Lung cancer remains a very serious threat. However, arming people with information can help those who may be at risk identify the ways to stay healthy and get the help or treatment they need. More information on lung cancer is available at www.lung.org.

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Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 37

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38 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Sunburn can lead to skin cancer Courtesy of Metro Creative Graphics

Sunburn can be a painful, unsightly consequence of too much unprotected time spent in the sun. But sunburn is more than just a temporary nuisance.

According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, sunburn can cause long-lasting damage to the skin and increase a person’s risk of developing skin cancer.

Sunburn tends to be so common, particularly during the warmer months of the year, that many people may consider it a relatively harmless byproduct of spending time outside under the sun. But the United Kingdom-based charitable organization Cancer Research UK notes that getting painful sunburn just once every two years can triple a person’s risk of developing melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer. A better understanding of sunburn and its relationship with skin cancer may encourage more people to prioritize protecting their skin when spending time in the sun.

• What is sunburn?

Sunburn occurs when the DNA in skin cells has been damaged by UV radiation. Many people associate sunburn with skin that peels or blisters, but

Metro Creative Graphics

Applying sufficient amounts of sunscreen with a minimum sun protection factor of 30 can help adults and children reduce their risk for skin cancer. any skin that turns pink or red in the sun has been sunburnt.

• Am I always vulnerable to sunburn?

Though many people may only get sunburns on hot days, that’s not because the skin is not susceptible to sunburn year-round. In fact, sunburn can occur any time of year because it’s caused by ultraviolet radiation, which has nothing to do with the temperature.

Many people only spend time outdoors on hot days; hence,

the reason they may only suffer sunburn in late spring and summer. Since sunburn can occur at any time of year, it’s imperative that skin is covered up and sunscreen is applied regardless of what time of year a person is enjoying the great outdoors.

• Am I out of the woods once my skin peels?

People who have experienced sunburn may have noticed their skin peeling in the days after they were burned,

though not every sunburn victim’s skin peels. Peeling is how the body rids itself of the damaged cells that can lead to cancer. But just because a sunburn victim’s skin peels post-sunburn does not mean that person has necessarily dodged the skin cancer bullet. Some damage may remain after skin peels, and that remaining damage can still make sunburn sufferers vulnerable to skin cancer.

• I’ve been sunburned.

Now what?

A sunburn, even a particularly bad sunburn, does not guarantee a person will develop skin cancer. But frequent sunburns increase a person’s risk of the disease, so people who have been sunburned, whether it’s just once or several times, should revisit what they’re doing to protect their skin before going back out in the sun. Wearing protective clothing, including long sleeve shirts and protective hats, and applying strong sunscreen with a minimum sun protection factor, or SPF, of 30 are just a couple of ways to protect skin from sun damage.

More information about sunburn and skin cancer prevention is available at www. skincancer.org.

Four steps to outsmarting diabetes Courtesy of Brandpoint

Nearly 26 million Americans have diabetes, and while many of those individuals manage their condition through a combination of treatment options, each year thousands still face one of the most devastating side effects of the disease: amputation. About half of those with diabetes will experience peripheral neuropathy — a loss of feeling in the lower extremities — making amputation a very real risk.

In fact, people with diabetes account for more than 60 percent of all non-traumatic lower limb amputations, according to the American Diabetes Association.

The good news is, with the right steps, it’s possible to outsmart diabetes and protect your feet and lower limbs. The American Podiatric Medical Association points to these four important steps: 1. Be vigilant.

If you’ve been diagnosed with diabetes, it’s important to constantly monitor

your foot health. Inspect your feet and toes daily, and alert your podiatrist of any wounds that don’t heal. Diabetes can cause a loss of sensation in the extremities, so a daily visual inspection can be the best way to spot problems before they become a health crisis.

2. Be proactive.

You’ve probably already made lifestyle and dietary changes as part of your diabetes treatment. You should be equally proactive about foot health. Clear your closet of uncomfortable, unsupportive shoes that can contribute to foot irritation or injury. Ill-fitting shoes can lead to diabetic foot ulcers, small wounds or cuts that are slow to heal. If left untreated, these ulcers can worsen and may even lead to amputation. Visit www.apma.org/diabetes to learn the best steps for finding diabetesfriendly footwear and guidance on how to care for your feet.

3. Don’t go it alone.

Seeing your general practitioner regu-

larly to help keep an eye on your diabetes is critical, however, it’s also important to take a holistic approach to diabetes management. Podiatrists are specially trained to diagnose and treat ailments of the feet and lower limbs, including complications related to diabetes. Regular care from a podiatrist can help reduce amputation rates between 45 and 85 percent. Find a podiatrist in your area by visiting www. apma.org.

4. Get smart.

Medical technology is getting smarter every day — so should you! From special socks equipped with fiber optic sensors, to thermal imaging devices, to sensors that can alert podiatrists via smartphone, today’s podiatrist is using cutting-edge technology to help their patients outsmart diabetes. Talk to a podiatrist about what you may be able to incorporate into your diabetes treatment plan.

To learn more about foot health and diabetes, visit www.apma.org/diabetes.

Medical Index.crtr - Page 1 - Composite

Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016 39

Index ACE Hearing Centers .......................................... 11

Hoch Chiropractic Center ................................... 13

Ball, Dr. David J. ................................................. 23

Kanouse Medical Group ..................................... 19

Bucci Cataract & Laser .........................................19

Maria Joseph Manor ............................................ 15

Central PA Periodontics ........................................ 7

Maylath Valley Health Systems, Inc. .................. 37

CMSU .................................................................. 23

McWilliams Home Care ...................................... 19

Columbia Ancillary Services .................................35

Medicine Shoppe-Berwick & Bloomsburg ........... 29

Eye Care Specialists ............................................. 15

Mountain View Orthopaedics ............................ 37

The Eye Center of Central PA ............................ 40

Nottingham Village............................................... 15

Family Home Medical ......................................... 17

PenTeleData ........................................................ 3

Finnegan Eye Care Centers ................................. 2

Shickshinny Medical Center ................................ 33

First Step Podiatry of Berwick ............................. 27

Suraci, Aldo J. , M.D., P.C. &

Geisinger HealthSouth .........................................27

Srinivasan, Arvind M.D. ............................. 13

Grandview Health Home, Inc. ............................ 13

Susquehanna Valley Diagnostic Imaging ............ 11

Griswold Home Care ........................................... 17

Susquehanna Valley Medical Specialties ............. 5

Dr. Betsy J. Hancock, The Visual Difference ...... 11

Susquehanna Valley Rehab ................................. 9

The Hearing Place ............................................... 31

Susquehanna Valley Surgery Center ................... 7

Heritage Springs Memory Care, Inc. .................. 23

Vintage Knolls Senior Living .............................. 31

Hinckley Funeral Home ...................................... 17

40 Press Enterprise n Tuesday, November 1, 2016

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