History as NEWS An exhibition by The Geneva Association of United Nations Correspondents (ACANU), based on The Josep Bosch Collection
Introduction This catalogue depicts some of the most important events over the past century through over 100 historic front pages of newspapers from around the world. It has been published to accompany the exhibition "History as News", which opened on 12 February 2013 at the United Nations Office in Geneva. The Geneva Association of United Nations Correspondents (ACANU) is proud to present this exhibition. The period covered by the exhibition ranges from 1898 to the present day, with most of the newspapers having been published in the country where the actual event took place. The newspapers are sourced from The Josep Bosch Collection, a unique private collection of original historic newspapers. "History as News" pays homage to the journalists who provided their accounts of these historic events. It highlights the significant contribution of journalists over the years, the importance of press freedom and the need to protect journalists' rights. The exhibition provides a reminder that conflict and disasters are a regrettable aspect of our everyday lives but also that peace, cooperation and innovation have a part to play. We hope you find this catalogue and the accompanying exhibition both thought-provoking and enlightening. Gunilla von Hall President, Geneva Association of United Nations Correspondents (ACANU) Foreign correspondent and columnist for Svenska Dagbladet (Sweden) email:gunilla.von.hall@svd.se Geneva 12 February 2013
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The Josep Bosch Collection The Josep Bosch Collection consists of thousands of original newspapers in many languages from around the world. Initiated in May 1968, it is a privately funded project which aims to collect newspapers published in the country where the news event took place and to display them at various exhibitions. Some of the papers have been professionaly restored and the entire collection is kept in an environment that aims to ensure that there is no further deterioration. The newspapers are kept under total darkness and cushioned in individual folders made out of thick acid-free paper. Examples from this collection have been exhibited at events in 19 different cities in 12 countries. This catalogue contains a selection of 110 newspapers from the collection, covering major news events from 1898 to the current day. Newspapers for this exhibition have been selected on the basis of covering the most important events over this period, known as the "golden age" of newspapers. Also, some newspapers have been chosen because of their unique design or other qualities. As some of these newspapers died out some time ago, this exhibition also reflects the history of modern journalism and the key role it has played in recording historical events. Josep Bosch www.josepbosch.net info@josepbosch.net
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The exhibition has been made possible with the support of: Permanent Mission of Sweden to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva Permanent Mission of the United States of America to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) United Nations Information Service (UNIS) United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) World Trade Organization (WTO) Club Suisse de la Presse
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Conflict
28 June 1914
Bosnische Post, Sarajevo. Published in Sarajevo, in German, from 1884 until the end of the First World War. "Die Attentate" (The attacks) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife - by a Bosnian Serb - during a visit to Sarajevo, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, led to the declaration of war against Serbia and the start of the First World War.
5 July 1914
La Domenica del Corriere, Milan (1899-1989). Sunday supplement of Corriere della Sera. The assassination at Sarajevo, as portrayed by Achille Beltrame, one of the most famous newspaper illustrators of the time who illustrated the front pages of this publication for 50 years.
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23 July 1914
Neues Wiener Journal, Vienna (1867-1945). One of Vienna´s highest-circulation quality newspapers at that time. "Krieg mit Serbien" (War with Serbia) A single-sheet extra edition of the newspaper reporting the start of the First World War.
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8 October 1916
Excelsior, Paris (1910-40). A newspaper pioneer in photojournalism in France. This special edition captures a typical image of the First World War: soldiers in their trenches.
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10 February 1918
Journal de Genève (1826-1998). A high-quality Swiss newspaper that merged with Gazette de Lausanne in 1991, and later with Le Nouveau Quotidien, eventually becoming Le Temps. "Contre l'emploi des gaz vénéneux" (Against the use of poison gas) The International Committee of the Red Cross led a campaign against the use of poison gas during the First World War, calling it "a barbaric innovation" and a "refined form of cruelty" contrary to any humanitarian principle.
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12 November 1918 Journal de Genève.
"La fin" (The end) A restrained way of reporting the end of the First World War in contrast with the huge headline displays of other newspapers of the time, in particular those in the United States.
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11 November 1918
Boston American (1904-61). A tabloid owned by the famous American newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst that, following various mergers, became the present-day Boston Herald. "War ends" Marking the end of the First World War. The newspaper asks its readers to celebrate the news by making as much noise as possible with bells, horns and whistles.
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12 November 1918
El Dem贸crata, Mexico City. A newspaper published in various cities under the same title. During the First World War, it was partisan towards Germany. "Desde ayer, a las once de la ma帽ana, no se combate en los frentes europeos" (Since yesterday, at ten in the morning, there has been no more fighting on the European fronts).
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12 November 1918
Le Petit Parisien, Paris (1876-1944). One of the four greatest French newspapers of the early 20th century. From 1904 to 1934, it claimed to have the highest circulation in the world, with more than 2 million copies sold daily at the end of the First World War. "Le Jour de Gloire" (The day of glory) The enemy had surrendered. The war was over.
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27 October 1929
La Vanguardia, Barcelona ("The avant-garde"). Published for the first time in 1881, it is still one of the most popular newspapers in Spain. For many years, the newspaper had a four-page "graphic supplement" printed on glossy paper, with a single photograph taking up the whole of the front page. "La evacuaci贸n de Renania por las tropas inglesas" (The evacuation of the Rhineland by British troops). The caption says: "A British soldier says farewell to his German wife".
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25 July 1936
El Diluvio, Barcelona (1879-1939). It was first published in 1858 as "El TelĂŠgrafo" and later changed its name to El Diluvio. During the Spanish Civil War, it was fiercely pro-republican and anticlerical. "No pasarĂĄn" (They shall not pass). These two Spanish words became the motto of the fight against fascism during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). Its origins can be traced back to the First World War when French General, Robert Nivelle, used it in the Battle of Verdun, although it was also attributed to Field-Marshall Philippe Petain.
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20 November 1938
El DĂa GrĂĄfico, Barcelona (1913-39). A daily publication focusing on photographic reports and illustrations, hence its title. In this edition, published during the latter stages of the Spanish Civil War, the newspaper reproduced a Pablo Picasso sketch of one of his works on the conflict. The most famous of them depicts the destruction of the Basque town of Guernica in 1937.
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4 September 1939
Daily Herald, London (1912-64. Re-launched in 1964 as The Sun). "War declared by Britain and France" Following the invasion of Poland by German forces, Britain and France declared war against Germany, heralding the start of the Second World War.
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4 September 1939
Frankfurter Zeitung (1856-1943). During the Nazi regime, it was considered to be the only high-circulation daily not fully under the control of the Propaganda Department of Joseph Goebbels. "England greift Deutschland an" (England attacks Germany). The German account of the outbreak of the Second World War.
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6 June 1944
Los Angeles Times. One of the most important newspapers in the United States, founded in 1881 and still in circulation. Winner of 37 prestigious Pulitzer Prizes for journalism between 1917 and 2004. "Invasion!" The landing of the Allied forces in northern France prompted some of the biggest headlines in the history of the US press.
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23 August 1944
LibĂŠration, Paris. The newspaper was published clandestinely from 1941 until the liberation of Paris in August 1944. "Le Jour est arrivĂŠ" (The day has come) In the left-hand corner of the masthead, the words of the French national anthem "Aux armes citoyens" have been added.
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29 April 1945
Avanti, Milan. First published in 1896 and has been an important vehicle of Italian politics since then. After the Second World War, it associated itself with the Italian Socialist Party, becoming its official organ for many years. "Mussolini giustiziato" (Mussolini executed). Two days earlier, Mussolini had been captured near Lake Como while trying to escape to Switzerland and catch a plane to Spain. He was executed in Mezzegra and his body was taken to Milan where he was hanged by his feet in one of the city's squares.
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2 May 1945
Hamburger Zeitung. During the last days of the Second World War, several newspapers from Hamburg were merged into a single paper, sometimes consisting of a single sheet, like this special edition reporting on the death of Adolf Hitler. The following day, the newspaper published its last edition when British troops occupied the city. "Der F端hrer gefallen" (The f端hrer has fallen).
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25 February 1945
Sunday News, New York. Sunday edition of the tabloid New York Daily News, founded in 1919, and part of the journalistic landscape of the "Big Apple" ever since. "Our flag flies over Suribachi" This historic photograph, occupying the entire front page, has been reproduced hundreds of times in publications, stamps, posters and even immortalized in military memorials. It was taken two days before its publication at the highest point of the Japanese island of Iwo Jima by the American photographer Joe Rosenthal and quickly distributed worldwide by the news agency Associated Press. The picture depicts the "second" raising of the American flag on Mount Suribachi, the first flag having been too small for the purpose of alerting other soldiers that the hill had been taken. Subsequent accusations that the famous picture was stage-managed by the photographer were proven to be false.
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14 February 1945
Moscow News. Founded in 1930 as a means of propagating Stalinist policies to international audiences. Over the years, it has been closed down, relaunched, and changed ownership several times before transforming itself into its current format as a weekly publication. "Conference of leaders of three allied powers in Crimea" The Crimea conference, also known as "the Yalta Conference", brought together the leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom to discuss the future of Europe after the end of the Second World War.
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25 April 1945
Der Panzerb채r, Berlin. "Wir stehen und halten" (We stand firm). During the last few days of the Second World War, only one very small newspaper was published in Berlin, from 23 to 29 April. It was Der Panzerb채r, the "combat paper for the defenders of Greater Berlin". After the last issue, the city was left without newspapers for 15 days for the first time in 300 years.
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3 May 1945
Nachrichtenblatt "Berlin Genommen" (Berlin taken). The occupying Soviet troops filled the void left by the absence of proper newspapers with rudimentary German-language newsletters like Nachrichtenblatt, shown here, dropped from aeroplanes flying over a destroyed, smouldering city.
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9 May 1945
Krasny Strelok (The Red Sniper). "Victory" "Hitler's Germany has surrendered" As it advanced towards Berlin, a Soviet infantry division published its own newspaper, Krasny Strelok (The Red Sniper) which, in this special edition, celebrates victory over Hitler's Germany two days after the surrender.
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7 May 1945
Baltimore News Post. An evening paper, a result of the merger of the Baltimore News (1873) and the Baltimore Post (1922). "Nazi war ends!" A dramatic front page with a striking "V" for victory as a background image. Its tone is typical of the treatment given in newspapers all over the world to the news of the end of the war in Europe after the capitulation of Nazi Germany.
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7 August 1945
New York Herald Tribune (1924-66). Resulting from the merger of the New York Tribune (1837) and the New York Herald (1841), it published a European edition in Paris that was bought in 1967 by the New York Times and the Washington Post, becoming the International Herald Tribune, now published under the sole ownership of the Times. "First atomic bomb smashes Japanese city" The devastating attack on Hiroshima precipitated the end of the Second World War and gave birth to the "nuclear age".
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15 August 1945
Times Herald, Washington. The merger of the Times and the Herald in 1922 resulted in this newspaper that sometimes published up to 10 editions a day, such as this "third extra" with the "rush" news of the announcement from the White House that the Second World War was over. "Truman announces: War is Over"
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1 October 1945
Mainichi Shimbun, Tokyo ("The daily newspaper"). Founded in 1872 and still published today. The combined circulation of its morning and afternoon editions is over 5 million copies, one of the largest in the world. "Historic meeting" Emperor Hirohito and General MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, at their first meeting at the US Embassy in Tokyo, on 27 September 1945. A casually dressed MacArthur receives the emperor, not the other way around. For the Japanese, this was the picture that showed they had lost the war.
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27 February 1991
The Saudi Gazette, Jeddah. Founded in 1978. "Kuwait City Freed" Iraqi president Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 and the seven-month occupation of the country were condemned by all major powers and by the United Nations Security Council, triggering the Gulf War. A US-led coalition launched an assault against the occupying forces, and after a little more than a month the country was liberated.
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10 April 2003
Asharq al-Awsat, London. Founded in 1978. A pan-Arab international newspaper edited in London and printed and distributed in many countries. "Saddam's regime has fallen" The demolition of one of many statues of Saddam Hussein in Baghdad, after the allied occupation of the city, symbolized the end of his regime. The dictator remained in hiding until he was discovered in December 2003. Three years later he was executed.
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6 October 2000
Danas, Belgrade. Founded in 1997. "Milosevic's last tango"
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6 October 2000
Politika, Belgrade. Founded in 1904. "Serbia on the road to democracy" The Balkans crisis, which started in 1991 with the disintegration of Yugoslavia, plunged the region into four consecutive wars and ended with the so-called "Bulldozer Revolution" and the end of Slobodan Milosevic's government. The following year, Milosevic was arrested and sent to The Hague to be prosecuted by the International Criminal Court. He died in 2006 before the conclusion of his trial.
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12 September 2001
The New York Times. Founded in 1851, the New York Times is widely regarded as the most prestigious newspaper in the United States. It has won over 100 Pulitzers, the most important prize in US journalism. "US attacked" The report on "9-11", when the United States came under synchronized terrorist attacks.
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2 May 2011
St. Petersburg Times (Florida, US). Founded in 1884. "DEAD. US forces track down and kill Osama bin Laden in Pakistan and then take control of his remains" After a long manhunt lasting ten years, the US tracked down Osama bin Laden, the instigator of the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, and sent a special Navy SEALs team to remove him from his hideaway in Pakistan. The operation resulted in bin Laden being killed.
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Milestones
18 March 1917
(5 March 1917 in the Russian calendar). Den, Petrograd. ("The Day"). A left-wing newspaper published by the minority party, the Mensheviks, from 1912 to 1918. The paper opposed the Bolsheviks, who closed it down after the October Revolution. "The Great Russian Revolution" The headline refers to the abdication of Czar Nicholas II that ended the almost 300-year dynasty of the Romanovs.
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31 October 1917
(13 November 1917 in the Russian calendar). Trud, Moscow ("Labour"). Organ of the Moscow Committee of the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries. "Bolshevik uprising" First reports of the Bolshevik Revolution. The newspaper reports that troops of the Provisional Government had entered Petrograd to confront the Bolsheviks that had taken the Peter and Paul Fortress and the Marble Palace. Meanwhile, Lenin had issued his first decrees of government, and in Moscow there were numerous shootings.
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29 April 1919
The Chicago Tribune (Paris edition). The parent paper was founded in 1847. The Paris, or European, edition was published between 1917 and 1934. "Pact of League of Nations adopted" The early days of the United Nations. The League of Nations was founded at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 after the end of the First World War. Its principal objective was to maintain world peace.
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26 June 1945
The Call Bulletin, San Francisco. First published in 1856 as The Morning Call and has since changed names many times until merging with the San Francisco Examiner in 1965. "Sign Charter" The founding treaty of the United Nations was signed in San Francisco on 26 June 1945 by 50 of the 51 original member countries. It entered into force on 24 October 1945.
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2 October 1949
Renmin Ribao, Beijing ("People's Daily"). Founded in 1946 and published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. "300,000 people gather in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the establishment of the People's Republic of China's Central Government" The birth of the People's Republic of China after Mao's Revolution.
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8 May 1954
Le Journal d'Extrême Orient, Saigon. (1947-55). Its original title was Journal de Saigon. "56ème jour: Dien Bien Phu est tombé" (Day 56: Dien Bien Phu has fallen). The decisive victory of the Viet Minh, a pro-communist nationalist coalition that fought the French Army for the independence of Indochina, after a siege of almost two months. Some historians regard the battle of Dien Bien Phu as "one of the defining battles in history".
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1 January 1959
El Mundo, La Habana (1901-69). Its innovative layout and dynamic reporting of the news on the front page made it the first modern daily newspaper in Cuba when it was first published shortly after independence in 1901. In later years, it changed ownership and political affiliation in line with the changing political realities in the country. A devastating fire on its premises in 1969 marked the end of the newspaper. "Batista en fuga" (Batista flees). Fulgencio Batista was the elected President of Cuba between 1940 and 1944. In 1952, he seized power following a military coup, remaining President until he was overthrown in 1959. A few days before the triumph of the Cuban revolution led by Fidel Castro, he fled the country.
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9 January 1959
Diario de la Marina, la Habana (1832-1960). This influential right-wing newspaper, the oldest in Cuba, was openly anti-Castro and was one of the first to clash with the new revolutionary authorities which ordered its closure in May 1960. "Apote贸sico recibimiento tribut贸 La Habana al Dr. Castro" (Havana gives Dr Castro a tremendous welcome). One week after Fulgencio Batista was deposed as President and forced out of the country, Fidel Castro and his revolutionaries finally entered the capital of Cuba, which enthusiastically greeted them.
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19 September 1958
El Moudjahid, Algiers ("The Resistant"). Founded in 1956 during the Algerian War of Independence from France as the organ of the FLN (National Liberation Front) and still published today. "Le Gouvernement provisoire de la République Algérienne est constitué" Constitution of the provisional government of the Republic of Algeria.
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4 July 1962
La Nouvelle RĂŠpublique, Tours (France). Founded in 1944 during the fight for the liberation of France from Nazi occupation. "L'independance de l'Algerie proclamĂŠe par De Gaulle" (De Gaulle proclaims the independence of Algeria).
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15 August 1961
Berliner Morgenpost. Founded in 1898. "Wir rufen die Welt!" (We call upon the world) Construction of the wall that for more than 28 years divided Germany’s capital city Berlin began on 13 August 1961. Two days later, this newspaper made a desperate plea for help from the world. Berlin soon became, as Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev said, "the most dangerous city in the world", where the superpowers were ready to test each other's strengths and weaknesses. The threat of nuclear war was looming.
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26 March 1957
Gazette de Lausanne. Founded in 1798 as Peuple Vaudois. In 1803, it became Gazette de Lausanne. It was published daily from 1856 to 1991 until being taken over by Journal de Genève. "Les "Six" ont signé hier à Rome les traités du Marché Commun et de l'Euratom" (The "Six" signed yesterday in Rome the treaties of the Common Market and Euratom). The early days of the European Union.
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27 June 1963
Telegraf, Berlin (1946-72). "Kennedy: Ich bin ein Berliner" (Kennedy: I am a Berliner). The famous words uttered by US President John F. Kennedy in his historic visit to a divided Berlin during the Cold War. He wanted to show solidarity with Berliners by proclaiming to be one of them. But the words could be taken to mean "I am a doughnut" ("ein Berliner" is a popular local doughnut). Nevertheless, the intended meaning was well understood.
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23 November 1963
The Dallas Morning News. Founded in 1885 and still one of the biggest newspapers in the United States. "Kennedy slain on Dallas street" The stunning news, as reported by the newspaper of the city where it happened.
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19 August 1966
Renmin Ribao, Beijing ("People's Daily"). Founded in 1946 and published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. "Chairman Mao and millions of people celebrate together the Cultural Revolution. Long live Chairman Mao, great leader, great captain, great helmsman" The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was launched in May 1966 to "purify" the Chinese Communist Party of capitalists, revisionists and bourgeois elements. By August, the masses were totally mesmerized and the Chairman Mao personality cult had grown to huge proportions. Ten years of chaos followed.
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22 February 1972 Renmin Ribao, Beijing.
"Chairman Mao Zedong greets President Nixon" One of the biggest diplomatic events of the 1970s was President Nixon’s visit to Beijing to normalize relations between the United States and China, two bitter enemies, when the Vietnam War was still raging. The visit changed the global balance of power in the Cold War, to the detriment of the Soviet Union. Ideology was replaced by "realpolitik" and Nixon said of his trip that it was "the week that changed the world".
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13 September 1973
El Mercurio, Santiago. The Valparaiso edition was founded in 1827. The Santiago edition, started in 1900, is still Chile's main newspaper. "Junta Militar controla el pa铆s. Muri贸 Allende" (Military Junta controls the country. Allende dead). The brutal military coup against the leftist government of Salvador Allende, the then constitutional president of Chile. The event and its aftermath shocked Latin America and the world.
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11 December 1998
La Naci贸n, Santiago. Founded in 1917. Known as La Patria during the first years of the military dictatorship of Pinochet. "Pinochet ante el juez" (Pinochet faces the judge). The former dictator was arrested in London in October 1998 at the request of Spanish judge Baltasar Garz贸n who wanted to prosecute him for human rights violations in Chile during his years in power. After more than 500 days of house arrest and extensive legal battles, he was allowed to return to Chile in March 2000 without facing trial.
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4 December 1981
Solidarnosc ("Solidarity"), Warsaw. Newspaper of the trade union federation of the same name. First published in April 1981 and banned when martial law was declared in December. "Solidarity" soon became more than a trade union: it grew into a political platform for opposition to the communist regime in Poland. "Agricultural protests, agricultural proposals"
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14 December 1981
Trybuna Ludu, Warsaw ("People's Tribune", 1948-90). Official organ of the Polish Communist Party. "The Military Council of National Salvation has been established. The Council of State has introduced martial law in the entire territory" The imposition of martial law in Poland in 1981 after years of social unrest during the fight against communism and the demand for free trade unions. This newspaper was donated to the Josep Bosch Collection by Mr. Michal Banaszynski.
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10 November 1989
Der Tagesspiegel, Berlin. Founded in September 1945. "Die Nacht der offenen Grenzen in Berlin" (The night of the open borders in Berlin). The fall of the Berlin Wall, and for the first time in almost 30 years people can move freely from East to West. It was a night of celebration. Less than one year later, Germany was reunited.
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3 October 1990
Berliner Morgenpost, Berlin. Founded in 1898. "Die Einheit ist da! Freudenfest in Deutschland" (Unification is here. Rejoicing in Germany). Germany was, again, a united country.
70
5 June 1989
China Daily, Beijing. Founded in 1981. "Li declares tough action to quell "turmoil" with backing of the army" The massive demonstrations of students in late May and early June 1989 in Tiananmen Square, in Beijing, and other cities ended with the imposition of martial law and the intervention of the Chinese army.
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6 June 1989
The Times, London. Founded in 1785 as the "London Daily Universal Register". One of the oldest newspapers in Europe and still one of the most prestigious. "Heroism and horror in China" This photo of a lone man defying a battery of tanks is one of the most famous images of the Tiananmen Square crisis.
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20 August 1991
Pravda, Moscow ("The Truth"). Published its first issue in 1912, and from 1918 to 1991 was the official organ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. "The return of the president of the USSR" Communist Party leader Mikhail Gorbachev returns to Moscow after the unsuccessful coup d'ĂŠtat of August 1991 by hardliners in his own government who wanted to reverse his reforms, "perestroika" and "glasnost". The event precipitated the end of the Soviet Union as a political entity, on 25 December 1991, and subsequently the end of communist rule.
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26 August 1991
International Herald Tribune, Paris. Founded in 1887 in Paris as the New York Herald Tribune. It is now published in several countries around the world as the international edition of The New York Times. "Communism's collapse. Baltics begin winning recognition as republics declare independence" The end of the Soviet Union and the collapse of communism heralded a new era for the Baltic republics (Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia) which regained the independence they had lost in 1940.
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14 September 1993
The Washington Post. Founded in 1877. "Israel and PLO sign peace pact" One of the boldest attempts at achieving lasting peace in the Middle East.
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5 November 1995
Maariv, Tel Aviv ("Le Soir"). Founded in 1948. "Rabin Assassinated" The Nobel Peace Prize laureate of 1994, Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel, was assassinated by a Jewish extremist in Tel Aviv.
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22 December 1993
The Star, Johannesburg. Founded in 1871 as "The Eastern Star". "Apartheid death knell" The regime of racial segregation instituted in South Africa in 1948 was finally abolished after widespread international condemnation lasting almost five decades.
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19 December 1993
Sunday Nation, Johannesburg. "Man of the year" After serving 27 years in prison, Nelson Mandela was elected President of South Africa in the first multiracial elections in 1994, after the abolition of apartheid. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his nonviolent struggle against the regime of racial segregation in his country.
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1 July 1997
Hong Kong Commercial Daily. Founded in 1952. "Hong Kong returned" This special free edition was widely distributed all over Hong Kong the day when China officially regained sovereignty over the former British colony after 156 years.
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4 March 2002
Le Temps, Geneva. Founded in 1998, as a result of the merger of Journal de Genève, Gazette de Lausanne and Nouveau Quotidien. "Un tout petit pas pour l'ONU, un grand pas pour la Suisse" In a 1986 referendum, three-quarters of the Swiss population rejected UN membership for Switzerland. But this changed dramatically in another referendum in 2002, when 55% voted in favour of joining. In September that same year, Switzerland became the UN's 190th member.
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16 January 2011
La Presse de Tunisie, Tunis. Founded in 1936. "Investi des fonctions de président de la République par intérim, M. Foued Mebazaâ prête serment". "Annonce de la vacance définitive au poste de la présidence de la République" (Appointed president ad interim, Mr. Fouad Mebazaa is sworn in. Announcement of the permanent vacancy for the position of President of the Republic). The "Arab Spring" achieved its first success: the overthrow of President Ben Ali of Tunisia.
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17 January 2011
Au Fait, Casablanca. Free newspaper founded in 2007. "Chute du rĂŠgime de Ben Ali. L'espoir du jasmin" (Fall of the Ben Ali regime. The hope of jasmine). The peaceful revolution in Tunisia, with the fall of the Ben Ali regime, spread optimism and hope of change throughout the Arab world.
82
12 February 2011
Al Ahram, Cairo ("The pyramids"). Founded in 1875, the second-oldest newspaper in the Arab world and the most important in Egypt. "The people have overthrown the regime" After the fall of Ben Ali, the Arab Spring achieved its biggest coup and ended the 30year regime of President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt.
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13 February 2011
Al Akhbar, Cairo. Founded in 1952. "Long live the revolution"
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Achievements
16 December 1901
The Daily Telegraph, St. John (New Brunswick, Canada). Founded in 1862, now known as the Telegraph-Journal. "Marconi spans ocean by wireless system" The experiment that changed the world of communications. Your mobile phone was born here.
86
26 July 1909
Daily Graphic, London. Founded in 1869 as "The Graphic", becoming the Daily Graphic in 1889. "Bravo BlĂŠriot" The fearless French aviator made the first-ever international flight, across the English Channel, in a light aircraft, but still "heavier-than-air", as the caption says. The flight from Calais to Dover took 23 minutes. He was greeted in England as a hero, parading through the streets in an open-top car.
87
22 May 1927
Excelsior, Paris (1910-40). "L'Aviateur américain Lindbergh a triomphé. Franchissant l'Atlantique, il est venu de New York à Paris en 33h. 27 minutes" ("French aviator Lindbergh has succeeded. Crossing the Atlantic, he flew from New York to Paris in 33 hours and 27 minutes").
88
29 May 1927
Sunday News, New York. Sunday edition of the tabloid New York Daily News, founded in 1919 and part of the journalistic landscape of the "Big Apple" ever since. Captain Charles A. Lindbergh The 25-year-old, handsome pilot was the hero of the day.
89
3 June 1934
La Vanguardia, Barcelona. First published in 1881 and still one of the biggest newspapers in Spain. "Figuras de actualidad: Henry Ford" The American industrialist started the construction of cars on assembly lines.
90
26 May 1937
The San Francisco News. This newspaper changed names several times until becoming the San Francisco Examiner in 1965. Special souvenir edition of the opening of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. Until then, people said that such a bridge was technologically impossible to build.
91
13 April 1961
Komsomolskaya Pravda, Moscow. Founded in 1925, it began as the official organ of the Communist Union of Youth, or Komsomol, the youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. "A Soviet man in space" The voyage into space of Yuri Gagarin was the first such trip made by man. He circled the Earth in 108 minutes aboard the tiny space capsule "Vostok 1". It was a big propaganda coup for the Soviet Union.
92
13 April 1961
L'Humanité, Paris. Founded in 1904 as a Socialist newspaper. It was the official organ of the French Communist Party from 1920 to 1994. "Un soviétique a ouvert pour l'homme l'ère du Cosmos" (A Soviet opens for mankind the era of the Cosmos).
93
21 July 1969
The New York Times. Founded in 1851, it is the most prestigious newspaper in the United States, winner of around 100 Pulitzer Prizes, the most important prize in American journalism. "Men walk on Moon. Astronauts land on plain; collect rocks, plant flag" The first trip to the moon in the history of mankind.
94
23 July 1969
France Soir, Paris (1944-2012). As an evening newspaper, for many years it had one of the biggest circulations in France. Now it is published only on the web. "Voici le premier homme qui a marchĂŠ sur la lune" (This is the first man who has walked on the moon). An homage to Neil Armstrong, the first man to set foot on the surface of the moon.
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1 July 2002
O Globo, Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1925, one of Brazil's biggest newspapers. "Pentacampeao de todos os continentes" (Five times champion of all the continents) Brazil's national team wins football’s World Cup for the fifth time - an unrivalled achievement.
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6 July 2009
Tribune de Genève. Founded in 1879. "La lÊgende" (The Legend). Roger Federer, the Swiss tennis player who has won more Grand Slam titles than any other player, making himself a sports legend.
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28 April 2005 La Dépêche, Toulouse. Founded in 1870. "Une journée au ciel" (A day in heaven). The new giant of the skies is born: the Airbus 380, the biggest commercial aeroplane ever built.
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100
People
12 September 1898
Illustrirtes Wiener Extrablatt, Vienna (1872-1928). "Kaiserin Elisabeth, tot" (The empress Elizabeth is dead). Front page report of the assassination of Empress "Sissi" of Austria in Geneva in September 1898. She was murdered by an Italian anarchist in front of the Beau-Rivage Hotel as she waited to board a boat on Lake Geneva for Montreux.
102
26 September 1915
Chicago Sunday Tribune. Founded in 1847. "The Czar" Czar Nicholas II, an important international figure two years before he was overthrown in March 1917.
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31 January 1948
Dawn, Karachi. First published in 1941 in Delhi, in what was then British-ruled India. "Mahatma Gandhi a martyr to assassin's bullets. Hit by four shots at close range: world shocked by news of Delhi outrage; assailant arrested" Pioneer of civil disobedience and non-violent struggle for political rights in South Africa and India, Gandhi was assassinated at a prayer meeting in New Delhi by a Hindu nationalist with fascist links.
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27 July 1952
Democracia, Buenos Aires. Founded in 1931. "¡EVITA!. Llora el pueblo su más grande dolor. Mártir del trabajo, ha entrado en la inmortalidad" (The people cry out in great pain. Martyr of labour, she enters immortality) The death of María Eva Duarte de Perón, Evita, the Argentine political leader, who was and still is an iconic figure in Argentina.
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6 August 1962
Los Angeles Times. One of the most important newspapers in the United States, founded in 1881 and still in circulation. Winner of 37 prestigious Pulitzer Prize awards between 1917 and 2004. "Marilyn Monroe found dead. Sleeping pill overdose blamed" An icon of the 20th century whose legend lives on.
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21 December 1963
The Evening News, London (1881-1980). In the 1970s, it claimed to have the highest evening circulation of any newspaper in the world. "The Beatles. Meet the four boys from Liverpool" The legendary band whose music is still loved today. By 1963, they had started to become a household name all over the world.
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25 January 1965
Daily Express, London. Founded in 1900. "The death of Churchill" Twice Prime Minister of Britain and a hugely influential figure during the Second World War, Winston Churchill is widely regarded as the greatest orator of his time and was named as the Greatest Briton of all time in a 2002 poll.
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11 November 1970
France-Soir, Paris (1944-2012). As an evening newspaper, it had one of the biggest circulations in France for many years. Now it is published only on the web. "De Gaulle est mort" (De Gaulle is dead) Founder of the French Fifth Republic and President of France from 1959 to 1969, De Gaulle is a giant figure in the history of France and world-renowned.
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12 September 1976
Renmin Ribao, Beijing ("People's Daily"). Founded in 1946 and published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. "The great leader and teacher chairman Mao is dead" Mao Zedong, known more commonly as Chairman Mao, founded the People's Republic of China in 1949 after more than 20 years of civil war. As Chairman of the Communist Party of China, he governed the country until his death in 1976.
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17 August 1977
The Commercial Appeal, Memphis. Founded in 1841 as The Appeal. "Death captures crown of rock and roll. Elvis dies apparently after heart attack" Elvis - "the King" - was one of the greatest recording artists of the 20th century. US president Jimmy Carter said that Elvis "permanently changed the face of American popular culture". He released more than 150 albums and "singles", selling over 1 billion records. He also performed in over 30 films. He died at the age of 42.
17 August 1977
Milwaukee Sentinel. Founded in 1837. Since 1995 it has been published as The Journal Sentinel. "Elvis"
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1 November 1984
The Tribune, Chandigarh, India. Founded in 1881 in Lahore, now Pakistan. "Indira Gandhi shot dead" Daughter of the first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira was only the second woman in the world to be elected Prime Minister. She held office from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1984, when one of her own bodyguards assassinated her.
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2 March 1986
Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. Founded in 1884. "Mordet pa Palme chockade v채rlden" (Murder of Palme shocks the world) The murder of Olof Palme, twice Prime Minister of Sweden (from 1969 to 1976 and from 1982 to his death in 1986) remains unsolved.
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9 December 1980
Liverpool Echo. Founded in 1879. "John Lennon shot dead. Crazed gunman charged" The assassination of John Lennon, a founder member of the Beatles, took place outside his apartment in New York but this is how the news was reported in Lennon's hometown.
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26 June 2009
Los Angeles Times. One of the most important newspapers in the United States founded in 1881 and still in publication. Winner of 37 prestigious Pulitzer Prize awards between 1917 and 2004. "King of Pop is dead at 50. Michael Jackson is stricken on the eve of a comeback tour. A major talent, a bizarre persona" The self-proclaimed "King of Pop", Michael Jackson achieved phenomenal success as a recording artist and stage performer. He died suddenly in Los Angeles just weeks before he was due to begin a sell-out series of concerts in London.
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1 September 1997
The Mirror, London. Founded in 1903. "1961-1997" Diana, Princess of Wales, first wife of the British heir to the throne Charles, Prince of Wales, enjoyed celebrity status, constantly being featured in newspapers and magazines. She died in Paris in a car crash, having been pursued by "paparazzi" photographers.
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Disasters
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25 August 1901
Le Petit Journal, Paris (1863-1944). One of the four most important French newspapers before the Second World War along with Le Petit Parisien, Le Matin, and Le Journal. In 1890, it had a circulation of 1 million copies. The weekly colour supplement is still highly sought after by collectors. "Un naufrage aĂŠrien. Le dirigeable de M. de Santos-Dumont" The risky adventures of one of the most daring pioneers of aviation.
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19 April 1906
The Call-Chronicle-Examiner, San Francisco. The three main newspapers of the time in San Francisco, fierce competitors with each other, joined forces to publish this unique combined edition after the big disaster, when the city was almost completely destroyed. "Earthquake and fire: San Francisco in ruins" Some 3,000 died and more than four-fifths of San Francisco was destroyed in the earthquake that struck in April 1906.
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17 April 1912
New Haven Times-Leader, (1910-15). Previously The Evening Leader. "Titanic death horror. Eyewitness tells awful story" One of the most famous disasters of all time, the sinking of the Titanic, a British passenger liner and the largest ship at that time, on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic resulted in the death of over 1,500 passengers and crew.
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28 April 1912
La Domenica del Corriere, Milan. (1899-1989). Sunday supplement of the Italian daily Corriere della Sera. "Terribile disastro maritimo" (Terrible maritime disaster). An artist impression of the sinking of the Titanic.
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20 December 1918 El Dem贸crata. M茅xico City.
"La influenza espa帽ola es comparable en sus estragos al terrible Matlatzhualt que asol贸 a los Indios en 1577" (The Spanish flu is comparable in its aftermath to the terrible Matlatzhualt that devastated the Indian population in 1577). Despite its name, this life-threatening flu did not originate in Spain. But it had a particularly severe impact in Spain where its effects were widely reported, in contrast with what happened in other countries in Europe, where the death toll was not made public for some time. According to some estimates, the influenza may have killed as many as 25 million people in its first 25 weeks.
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24 October 1929
The Sun, New York. Founded in 1833. In 1950, it became part of the New York World-Telegram that ceased publication in 1966. A "new" New York Sun was published from 2002 to 2008. "Banker's action stays market panic in greatest of stock trading sessions" The famous Wall Street crash of 1929 that started the Great Depression, regarded as the worst financial crisis of the 20th century. On "Black Thursday" (24 October 1929), traders managed to halt temporarily the dramatic slide in share prices witnessed by the New York Stock Exchange at the start of the day. But worse was to come in the following days.
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25 October 2003
The Times, London. Founded in 1785 as the London Daily Universal Register. One of the oldest newspapers in Europe and one of the most prestigious. "The day the future flew into the past" The last flight of the European supersonic aircraft, Concorde, after 27 years in service and a catastrophic accident. For a generation, it was the pride of European technology. Concorde's transatlantic flights took less than half the time of other airliners.
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2 September 2005
The Times-Picayune, New Orleans. Founded in 1837 as The Picayune. It published its last daily edition in 2012. Now it is only published three times a week. For the first three days after New Orleans was hit by Hurricane Katrina, the newspaper was published only in "pdf" format online because the printing presses were flooded. This edition of 2 September was the first to be printed and distributed after the three-day hiatus, having been printed away from the floods - in the city of Houma. "Help us, please. After the disaster, chaos and lawlessness rule the streets" A desperate plea from the victims of Hurricane Katrina that devastated New Orleans in September 2005. Over 1,800 people died in the hurricane and the subsequent floods.
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23 September 2008
The Wall Street Journal, New York. Founded in 1889. "Markets fall as fears of slump span world" The financial crisis of 2008 which led to the most serious recession since the Second World War. The effects of the crisis are still being felt today.
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14 February 2009
Financial Times, London. Founded in 1888 as the London Financial Guide, it subsequently changed its name to the Financial Times. The newspaper has its headquarters in London but publishes several editions around the world. "Slump worst for 50 years"
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13 January 2010
Listín Diario, Santo Domingo. Founded in 1889. "Catástrofe en Haití. El temblor destruyó el centro de Puerto Príncipe y causó innumerables muertes" (Catastrophe in Haiti. The quake destroyed the centre of Port au Prince and caused countless deaths). No newspapers were published in Haiti for some days after the huge earthquake of January 2010. According to the Haitian government, over 300,000 people died and more than 1 million were made homeless.
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12 March 2011 Tokyo Daily.
"Eastern Japan hit by very big earthquake. Magnitude of 8.8 is the highest recorded in this country" Over 15,000 people were killed in the earthquake, which also resulted in a devastating tsunami with wide-reaching effects across the globe. Damage was also sustained at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant.
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