Atari User Magazine Vol 1 Issue 10 by Paul Rixon

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10 February 1986 Managing Editor: Derek Meakin Features Editorsf Cliff McKnight Mike Bibby Editorialiéam: Alan McLachlan Kevin Edwards Pete Bibby Roland Waddilove Technicalfditor: Andre Willey ProductionEditar: PeterGlovor Design Editor: Heather Sheldrick News Editor: Mike Cowley AdvertisementManager:John Riding Advertising Sales: John Snowden Editorin Chief: Peter Brameld Vol.

All the latest developments in the expanding world of Atari computing.

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“Atari User" welcomes program listings and articles for publication. Material should be typed or computer-printed, and preferably double-spaced. Program listings should be accompanied by cassette tape or disc. Please enclose a stamped, self—addressed envelope, otherwise the return of material cannot be guaranteed. Contributions accepted for publication by Database Publications Ltd will be on an all-rights basis. c 1985 Database Publications Ltd. No material may be reproduced in whole or in part without written permission. While every care is taken, the publishers cannot be held legally responsible for any errors in articles, listings or advertisements. "Atari User" is an independent publication and Atari Corp {UK} Ltd are not responsible for any of the articles in this Issue or for any of the opinions expressed. News trade distribution: Europress Sales and Distribution Limited, 11 Brighton Road, Crawley, West Sussex RH10 GAF. Tel: 0293 27053. 4 ATAR/ USER

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The turtle meets a dragon G U b er 5 L 09° t U t 0 rial

published by: Database Publications Ltd, Europa House. 58 Chester Road, Hazel Grove, Stockport SK7 5NY.

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Give your Atari a flashing colour facility with this handy USR routine from Richard Parkes.

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ST Problems

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Paul Lay provides an interrupt driven clock so you’ll know the time when you’re programming into the small hours.

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Andrew Bennett takes a look at some of the queries from‘ST users.

screens.

Golding gives some 900d advice

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ROW? provides ”FerI routine manipulating Mlcropalnter

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Game three players short of a John Hooper’s foursome, Bridge are

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Five pages of your letters. Just what that character in line 9702 of January's Esmerelda program? was

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[9 6

ATARI USER

__f' @] February

7986

The

out!

are

_ AN investigation by Atari User has revealed that more than 100 new products are likely to be iaunched at the first Atari Computer Show. But such is the sensitivity ofthe marketplace that not one firm contacted was willing to provide details of their top secret projects at this stage.

due to the machine's record sales over the Christmas period. Almost all Atari’s entire stock some of 800XLS 100,000 machines—are reported to have been SO|d as a result Of the cut-price offer through Dixon's High Street chain. And this, in itself, is enough to ensure that both peripheral companies and software houses will carry on producing for the

guaranteed

until the opening day",saida spokesman for one leading

peripheral manufacturer. "This is a very competitive business". However Atari User has been able to learn that up to two thirds of the innovations are aimed at the eight bit market, with one third ST bound. To be at the Novotel, heid Hammersmith, from March7

organisers

Ataf' hailing-been aroundforgurte some time—

the ?rst user to bea very

show~itsgotng event

Spec'?' Meakin, head

"The fact of the matter is that it remains a viable commercial proposition to service the 8OOXL market". According to Tony Deane of Silica Shop, the leading Atari distributor, there are currently

the XL would soon vanish once

Derek Database.

says

Excited "The Atari corporation itself is especiaiiy excited about it as there has never been an of?cial show before, not even in the United States. “it is shaping up to be 8 real international showcase and that's why companies are pulling out all the stops to get products ready in time". One company has even chosen the show to launch itseif. SECS, a subsidary of

ware

THE new year began with an amazing total of nearly 150 software items available from UK suppliers for the SZOST. Rob Harding, Atari sales and marketing manager, says: ”The

support from software

de—

velopers is staggering. "We now have more than 200 ST development systemsin use in the UK along with a similar number in the USA. "As a result of all this effort new software titles are appear— ing on a daily basis". Atari seems to have succeeded in what Harding des— —

if”...

fr"

grOW’ng

cribes as “our determination that the ST will have software covering all areas of the market from games and entertainment through to serious business and vertical applications". The latest list shows more than 140 titles of which only 51 are classified as “entertain-

ment". The others

14 include accounting packages, 10 word processors, three spreadsheets, nine databases, five communications packages, six graphics packages, 18programminglan— guages and 11 utilities.

-?rqusseimw::*”etdtst 5.3.13; Q ’*

..5 ..

"We couldn't think of a better way to get ourseives

two coaches to take its members to the show.

titles available for the 8OOXL and the figure is still growing. Nor does he believe there is any cause for concern by anyone who has boughtan Atari 8-bit machine whether it is a 800XL or a 13OXE. "The reason for this is that Atari has always had a policy of bringing out new machines totally compatible with its existing range", he told Atari User. "This is a completely different approach than other manufacturers. _

"The company historically

We} /

“y

41/4? 5

,_f_

,A "

“g

always

proved

stand by the

its bow on the opening day.

known", said a SECS spokes— man. And it seems that the show has already gripped the imagination of Atari users all over the UK. Up in Birmingham, the Atari user group has already announced it has booked

2,000

has

—-

'W'th

mm. Pei"?

Vlable

800XL for the foreseeable future. "It seems that a lot of people were concerned that supportfor

Database Pubhcations — are already predicting the show will be a bonanza.

and

we had stopped makingit",said an Atari spokesman. "But this could not be further from the truth now. Forthe huge user base that's out there as a result of recent sales will make sure the machine is alive and well for a long time to come.

—

"YOU'" iUSt have to wait

to 9, the

A SURVEY of leading suppliers has dispelled fears about future Support for the 800XL "OW that it has ceased pr0dUCti0?revealed It has conclusively that 0n90lng baCk UP is ”OW

willing

consumer

to by

producing new machines that work with old software and vice versa. "Possibly the only way a problem COU|d be created is if there was a |0t Of new software come out to fit the 130XE's higher memory capacity. ObViously this would not run on the —

800XL. "But

not much software makes use ofthis. After all, most software houses are clever and stick to 64k capacity so they can sell to users of both machines. "In fact of all the 8 bit software out at the moment there can't be more than six titles available for the 130XE

exclusively".

”1m-..cn

i W...

D 0 N CAST E R based software house CBS is right on cue with its introduction of Steve Davis Snooker for the XL range. It offers a large variety of skills to suit all players with three table speeds, accurate control of the degree of spin and play options — all by either keyboard or joystick. Edit mode displaysahand which can pick up, move or drop balls anywhere on the

W.....

table. This enables the setting up of trick shots or problems for later solution. If a shot is "fluffed", pressing the cheat key allows the move to be erased and the table to be reset to its previous position. "Even Steve can't do that", says a CDS spokesman.

Steve Davis Snooker is and £9.95 on cassette £12.95 on disc. February 7986 ATARI USER

_—_——————-—

THE man who is offering a reward for tracking down Atari software pirates has himself been accused of selling equipthat can be used for illegal ment copying. _, John Lawson, boss of utility Specialist Computer Support, told Atar/ User last month that he Will give £100 for infor— ,

been copied and were available on the black market. But Lawson's stand has angered severaIAtari users who feel he have his cake wants to and eat it too One of them, Andrew Fisher, secretary of the Plymouth Atari ,, User Group, said. personally find it very hypocritical of Mr .

pirate other companies' soft— ware. The offending products are the disc, cassette and cartridge backup programs and the disc most notably drive modification Bad Sector which is exceedingly useful to anyone wishing to copy commercially available programs protected by ve guessed it bad gezitegisyou _

—

Rewar d offere Irates o trap

software American

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From la“ month’s Atari User Lawson to complain about the way in which his utilities are S°|d 0" the black market. "Computer Support themselves sell items which, despite the disclaimer at the bottom of their adverts, enable people to _

mation leading to the successful prosecution of those guilty of pirating his DFOdUCtSThis followed his discovery that his firm's machine code monitor Ultimon and 80 column text mode 80 Column Pack had

Liv" Law?°”'s

fang? °f

utilities comprises (“a"“y piracy aids such as Ultimon which allows users to break into programs and write them to a ?|e which is easily copied. “Also ROM Emulator which allows cartridge software to be copied, Bad Sector which enables copying of protected disc software, Super Disassembler to allow alteration of tapes to discs and vice versa, two disc copiers and various other ‘utilities'. “I would say that at least 50 per cent of his products are aimed at the pirates market, which is strange coming from a man who is so much against .

Atarl “K denles ST prlce s as Ing repor I

A REPORT from America that Atari is about to dramatically slash the price of the SZOST has as been officially dismissed

“speculative rubbish". The story which subsequently appeared on Micronet, the UK electronic mail service, claimed that the price of the machine was to be dropped to

$399. alleged that this was to be timed to coincide with the launch ofa megabyte version of the ST known as the 104OST—to be marketed “with colour monitor for $999". When informed of this, Atari UK’s sales boss Rob Harding It

described

the story of the

proposed price cut as not only inaccurate but harmful. "There are simply no plans to reduce the price of the SZOST package”, he told Atari User. "What is actually happening in the States and probably how the confusion started is —

—

8 ATARI USER

February 7986

that for that market only there will be a special package made up of just the ST keyboard. “It will be sold ata reduced price, but there will be no disc drive and no monitor, although it may come with a modulator. And it will not be sold in the UK. “We remain convinced that the present SZOST bundle is the right configuration at the right

price". As far as a possible launch of megabyte version of the ST was concerned, Rob Harding was less dogmatic. a

“We have

immediate

plans to sell any machines with

megabyte of memory, whether they be STs or not", he 1

commented.

Meanwhile, despite yet a further report the United from States that the proposed ZGOST was to be dropped, Rob Harding insists it is still on its way. ’We are still on target for spring", he says.

Needs in

'f n Is

‘

THREE special day courses dealing With the use of com— p uter technolo gy b y disabled people have been arranged during March and April Dorset Spastics Society is sponsoring Technology and

Young People with Special

anything ilke lt,s lookalike Omnimon Another reader, who asked AtariUsertoprotect his identity, wrote: ”This is a blatant case of the pot calling the kettle black.

ROM-based

Ultimon could be used to pirate

mtg“: ,‘mssnw wmxmdm

Even the

handIGaPPEd

Poole on March 7 to Mrs K. Van— LanQSide School, Langside Avenue Parkstone Poole Dorset BH1'2 SBN On March 21, New Developments in Technology and Dis— ability will be the subject of a course in London. Enquiries to Miss Hilar Came Richard

Enquiries dervelde,

’

Cloudesle ySchooi

Golden

dV EC1Y 0TJ a?“ 0nd 0” t'”C t C ounCi f a?” e d hi” 8 Ilsa Its epghsobfllhg isa He)” on evezpniezn aSth p”. urness. Fivmg E nquiries t 0 arrélowg] rs. L 0”

tine;

1.5

Holgate, Health Education Department The Rooker Bro den Street Ulverstoh” ’

Cumgbria '

a, "re

piracy”. The criticisms

cribed

absurd

des-

were

by John

Lawson. He told Atari User: "Any utility can be part of the toolkit Of a pirate. lt'S people who carry GM illegal copying “Qt equipment. ”No supplier of utilities can control the uses they are put to after purchase. We can only put our tFUSt in the honesty and goodwill of our customers. ”My programs are sold on the understanding they are used solely for personal backup and not for illegal purposes. "Thankfully the vast majority ofAtari users are not cheats and are 100 per cent behind me in the stand am taking against the pirates. ”The people most likely to be upset about my actions are those engagedin copying themselves”.

ATARI

Digital Research's GEMWrite and GEMPaint with the 5208T because the software

giant failed to deliver

on time.

—

has pulled out of a deal

to bundle

The company has “OW come with replacements in the

form of lst

Word,

word

processing package from Cam— bridge based GST, and DB Master One, a business data— base from USA's Stonemaster. "We made this decision based on Digital Research's failure to supply us with a suitable product by the agreed date", Rob Harding, Atari UK’s sales manager, told Atari User. “So we had to make other arrangements". However Rob Harding insists that the new software will in no way detract from the ST bundle offer.

“1st Word

superb GEM

Five ye t

22,»

2 £27? / a-

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DARTS

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smh2 2

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2,2

222

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222

avoiding

"menacing

menagerie of meanies".

ln Diamond Mine it is to gather precious stones from tunnels

“MM

verted

and shafts while avoiding a hoard of obstructive bugs. Cups of coffee have to be found, escape keys collected and monsters avoided in Nightmare Maze, through which the player must guide Sleepy Joe. in Screwball the player is given 60 seconds to change the colour of all the squares in the grid. This time the assailants are the Black Bugs. Last of the five games is Darts. This includes three pro— grams — 501, Round the Board and Cricket.

BUDGET software house Blue Ribbon has converted five of its established range for the 48k Atari—Castle Assault, Diamond Mine 1, Nightmare Maze, Screwball and Darts. All cost £2.50 each on cassette or £9.95 for the five on disc. The first two games have similar goals. In Castle Assault the task is to collect gold while

2222222,

22”

con

s oftwa re to fight heroin A TRIO of software houses involved in the Atari market have joined forces in the fight against heroin addic— tion. G remlin G raphics, Activision and US Gold have 2

ATARI'S

8 bit user base in the UK has now reached 400,000 thanks to High Street giant ,, .. Dixons selling almost all the stock now of the remaining .

‘

defunct 800XL. In

those XLs has helped create an enormous marketplace for software and peripherals.

Competltlve

$532?

”This will be the year of Atari", says Tony Deane of Silica Shop. ”For the sale of all

"And the 130XE

is also going incredibly well, even to the extent where we actually ran

At arl

ear Of

all,c|osetolO0,000ofthe

machines are believed to have been sold during the run up to Christmas alone, And Atari distributors and dealers couldn’t be more W'th the pr°Spe°ts f°'

the companies are to get into it, so prices become even more

including

graphic painting

package.

"We believe that these will

$2226

make the 5208T an even stronger overall total package",

‘=_

Meanwhile just what happens to the Atari versions of GEMWrite and GEMPaint when they do become available is the centre of some controversy. According to Digital Research's vice—president Paul Bailey, there is every likelihood they will still subsequently be bundled with the SZOST. "Now we appreciate the fact late in a month we were

20/01“

°_ff

Z??°:°::péaf::':i§z:1::;

from which will be used in the war on drugs. Launched by h°m°

§é

_the

lndustry at lts annual dinner, it is hoped to raise more than £100,000 through the sale of the tapes games

David Rowe’s

pic—

(above) is being used

FIeEt Street

he said.

free of charge.

1}._..\

link up with the anti heroin campaign. This will involve the sale of a limited edition of some 70 colour prints.

rn their dealers who will supply them with the new software

722“!

donated programs

Artist

All current ST owners are now being requested to contact

22,

22222322

ture

’

campaign.

the Asteroids arcade game, and

Doodle,

?/__2.,2«

___22

database with the SZOST rather than GEMPaint because after consulting a number of people it is very clear that the ST is being sold in a professional and business environment where a database will be more useful". Atari has also revealed that it is to include two further free pieces of software in the ST

bundle—Megaroids,aversion

“2

computer

competitive”.

are

a? 7‘

. 2

marginigéréf‘?mlzgfe'kéx

all

based word processor with full and drop down menu facilities", says the company sales boss.

Ma.

windowing

—

2 ’v

“And

(?? £2. 22

’

out of stock at one time recently. So everyone is doing very nicely including the customers.

ta r ’

eff; ”M”

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“22

iii-

/ .

_—

Rob Harding: “Even stronger package "OW".

ge t s h Igger MlRRORSOFT iS working

delivering for appraisal", he told Atari User. "But there is nothing that says they won't be eventually bundled with the ST". However Atari doesn't seem to agree.

"As far as we are concerned, the deal is now dead", 3 spokesman said. When informed of this, Paul Bailey commented: “If that is the case, we'll market it ourselves to Atari userS”.

on an

its Fleet Street Editor program which it claims will turn the 5208Tinto a fU||Y operational ph0t000m905ition workstation. Due for an early summer release, the ST version is still under development. is SO far the company keeping mum about the pro— gram's pr0posed features and price —except to say it is aimed at both professional and hobbyist markets.

implementation

February 7986 ATARI USER

Spellbreaker..................‘.......................49.95

BC'sQuestforTires.............(R)....................1495 OiIsWeII.......................(R)....................14.95

AlternateReality................(D)....................39.95 SpellBreaker................‘..(D).....................CALL Acrojet.........................(D)....................34.95 Gunship.......................(D)....................34.95 SilentService..................(D)....................34.95

BountyBobStrikesBack.........(R)....................33.95 Paperclip.....SpeciaIOffer.....(D)....................59.95 Homepak.......................(D).............‘......39.95

Omdumgggg

Sorcerer..............................................44,95 Starcross.............................................49.95

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A PRECURSOR of Logo was the

language Lisp, which was used for LISt Processing and had a the unusual property very statements that were used to run a program were themselves a list. Thus Lisp could manipulate itself in ways that are only dreamed of in other languages. It is for this reason that Lisp is still around today, since it is an ideal languagefor use in artificial intelligence work. List processing is still part of Logo, and a very important part of it. Let me digress and explain some of the Lisp—derived commands that are still found in Logo. First of all, variables are very difficult to handle in Logo. However lists are a necessary part of the language. Commands like SET Position expect a list of two numbers so that the turtle will know where to move. There are strange commands like BUTLAST and BUTFIRST that will take a list and give back another list that is the same except that the first item in the list is gone (BUTFIRST). Lists can be made up of other lists. Lists can be put together and taken apart. There is even a special command called NUMBER that tells how many members are in a list. One further digression, have been taking about lists and have not shown an exam Ies of one. In Lo 0, lists are -

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enclosed 'anbrackets []. It iould be a list of names, such as: [Rebecca Lauren Gabriel Daniel]. Or a list of numbers like [3 6 2 8]. Ora mixed list with the first element in the list itself, being a list, as in: [[1 3 7 2] Rebecca Gabriel Jason]. Let us call this list ABC. ABC has four members in it. If we asked LOGO to NUMBER ABC and PRINT the answer it would give us 4. lfwe asked LOGO to BUTFIRSTABC then LOGO

would give Jason]. If we

us [Rebecca Gabriel asked for FIRST ABC the" it W0U|d QiVe US [1 3 7 2]. Several other commands that can be used for manipulating lists include SE, WORD and CHAR. You are probably asking yourself how does this relate to anything that Is fun or useful. When a command is written in Logo it is written as a list. The command can be manipulated and changed and then run. Logo does not care if it is a list or a command. What we are going to do is write a program to make the turtle draw what is known as a Dragon curve. This is a 12 ATARI USER

February 7.986

SOL GU B E R lOOkS "St a_t on processmg the Ata" usmg '

L090 mathematical formula that is very recursive, and in effect bites its own tail. Every dragon curve will become more complicated until it will fill the screen, but every new dragon curve is related to the old one through a simple procedure. The dragon curve is a method of making a line that fills up a space. The classical dragon curve will not touch itself at more than two points and will never cross itself. The program is made up so that the classical dragon curve is drawn or you can start the dragon curve with your own formula. To make the turtle draw a dragon curve is very easy. The classical dragon curve, of order 1, is L. This means that the turtle walks forward so far and then makes a Left turn and

walks the same distance again. Order 2 takes the Order curve, adds an L to it and then goes backwards through the old one, reversingeveryL to a R and every R to an L. Thus the Order 2 curve is L-L-R. This means that the turtle walks forward, makesa left turn, walks forward, makes a left turn, walks forward, makes a right turn and then walks forward again. The Order3 curve is make from the Order 2 curve. It is LLR-L—L—LRR, again reversing the Ls and Rs in a backward direction. Order 4 is LLRLLRR-L-LLRRLRR,andsoforth. It isvery easyto teach theturtle to walk this path and as the paths become more complicated, the path begins to look like a Chinese dragon. 1

Back to list processing.

Let

that there is a list with the instructions for a turtle on how to walk to make a dragon curve. If it is a list, then it can be manipulated and a new list made that is the next order of complexity. Then the next order of complexity can be made. Let us see how this is done. There are procedures that are used to assume

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manipulate this list of the directions. First let me explain several of the less common SE Logo commands (SEntence), RUN and COUNT. will also explain more about the recur— siveness of Logo. —

SE is an easy

one.

It takes the

elementsin its inputs and makesa list out of them. For example SE [1 2 3] [REBECCA LAUREN GABRIEL] would give an output of [1 2 3 REBECCA LAUREN GABRIEL] This is very useful for making lists up. It is different than if we LIST them

together because then we would get [[1 2 3][Rebecca Lauren Gabriel]]. The difference is more evident if we use the NUMBER command to determine the number of elements in the list. If we NUMBER the first list made by using SE the result would be 6. If we NUMBER the second list

LIST the result is 2. The next strange command is RUN, which takes the next list and tries to make it perform an action. If all the commands in the list are defined the proper action will be done. This is the heart of any Lisp program, the making of a proper list and then RUNning it. Another useful command is BUT— FIRST and FIRST. Let us use the list [1 2 3 4]. The FIRST member is [1]. and BUTFIRST is [2 3 4]. There is a corresponding set of commands called LAST and BUTLAST which take the list and everything but the last member in a list. Finally there is the command WORD which makes up a word out of itsinputs,and CHAR which puts outa character from a number value. Two other commands are used in made by using

the program, RC (Receive Character) outputs the next character read from the keyboard, and RL (Receive Line) gets a whole line that is typed and ended with RETURN. Let me go through the program. The main command is DRAGON. It MAKES STEP 50 and then does procedure START, which asks if you want to make your own dragon. The next statement is an IF test to determine if the character typed is an N. If it is, then DRAG is made equalto [L] anda classical dragon is drawn. If the character is not N then a line is printed to tellyou to type Rs and Lsto make your own formula fora dragon. DRAG is made equal to the value from RL (Receive Line). Then there are two checks to decrease the size of

——————’ February 1986 ATAR/ USER

__—____—___—__—

STEP so that the dragon will fit on the screen. The program then returns back to DRAGON. Window is called to make the field larger, so that the

turtle will than make

go out

of bounds rather

poor dragon curve. Then DRAW is repeated 10 times. DRAW is the main procedure. It calls most of the other procedures and makes the turtles draw the Dragon curve correctly. The first thing that DRAW does is check to see if a key has been pressed (KEYP). If it has a

then the program stops. The next thing it does is make a new variable equal to DRAG. If you remember the conventions of Logo a ” before a variable signifies the name before a variable signifies its and a value. So MAKE “WORK :DRAG means make the variable WORK equal to the value of DRAG. The next step is to put an Lon the end ofWORK. This is done by making WORK equal to the SEntence of WORK and CHAR 76 (L). Next the recursive procedure REDO is called. This means that somewhere in REDO, REDO uses itself. The only way that this can work and not turn into an endless loop is if there is a check somewhere to stop the loop. The first statement doesjust this. IF 0=COUNT :DRAG then stop. If there are no more values in DRAG then stop. The next statement makes the modifications for the next order of the

dragon curve. IF R is the last member of DRAG then MAKE WORK the value of work and CHAR 76 (L) otherwise make WORK equal to WORK and CHAR 82 (R). The next line makes DRAG equal to BUTLAST DRAG and the REDO does it again. Each time DRAG goes through REDO it becomes shorter and finally it will fall out of REDO and return. Back in DRAW, DRAG is made equal to WORK. The screen is cleared (CS), and TELL turtle 0 to go to work. The next statement is the heart of the program. It is RUN :WORK. It says to take the list found in WORK and RUN it. As we

have

seen previously, up of a series of Rs and Ls. And now we are telling the program to RUN this? There are still some procedures that we have not gone through yet and two of these are Rand L. There is a procedure called R that calls WALK and gives it two values 90 and STEP.

WORK

is make

74 ATARI USER

February 1986

The procedure L calls WALK with the values —90 and STEP. WALK takes these two values and makes a RIGHT turn of the/number of degrees and then walks FD STEP times. What we have done is defined R and L so that it makes sense in this _

program. Then when we tell the program to RUN :WORK, what it will do is take the Rs and Ls and make a pattern on the screen. The rest of the program is rather straightforward. Once the turtle 0 has made the pattern, SET_UP tells all four turtles to simultaneously make the same pattern using another RUN :WORK command. All the turtles are oriented at 90 degree angles so that there will be four dragons tail-to-tail on the screen. After this is done REDUCE makes STEP smaller if it is not less than 4. Then the program falls back to DRAGON. One more set

of routines is

used in

this program, and it was not added at any specific spot. One of the lacks of Logo is that there is not a screen dump routine written specificallyfor it that will work with any sort of printer.

havewritten a set of proceduresthat will put a screen dump on a printer, but it needs to be modified to run on each individual printer. l

First let's see how the screen is set up in memory. The area called screen memory contains information on what will be put on the screen. Each byte of memory contains 8 bits, and the system uses these two ata time to make the dots on the screen. The turtle draws in what is known as Graphics 7 mode, and each byte of memory corresponds to four dots, or pixels, on the screen. The bits taken two at atime say which colouris to be used for the dot, and since two bits can only have the values of 00 01 10 11 (O, 1, 2, 3), this corresponds to which pen is used to make the dot. What the screen dump does is take the eight bits and divide them into two parts. It then looks at each four bit part which contains the informa— tion about two pixels and decides which pattern it is. Since most printers cannot make colours, all this routine does is determine if the pixel is lit or not. The four possibilities for two pixels are both dark, left dark—right lit,left lit—right dark, and both lit. Since there are 160 pixels across the screen, the two pixel will pattern correspond exactly to the

80 columns across the page, and a dump can now be done. Since every printeris different, four procedures have to be modified to correSpond to your printer. have an NEC 8023 and the program was written for that model. However it is very easy to make the changes necessary for your printer. The four procedures that need B LA N K, a re m od ific a t o n LE FTB LAN K, RIGHTBLANK and SQUARE. These procedures send certain characters to the printer. To send material to the printer the SETWRITE command SETWRITE P: must be done first. Then when BLANK is used it TYPEs the CHAR whose value is 32 into the printer. In most printers, this is the value that is the blank character. LEFTBLANK uses the CHAR 139 to put a half column of darkness on the printer. On printers like the 825 the value 24 is used. The Epson uses a 234 for this. SQUARE uses the value 135 to puta black square on the printer. The 825 uses a 162 and the Epson a 239. On the 825 a 150 value will give a RIGHTB LAN K. The Epson uses a 233. However the RIGHTBLANKfor the NEC uses a more complicated routine to put a blank right on the printer. The NEC does not have a special character for a half column with the right part partially filled and had to make up my own. The NEC has something called pin addressing which can make up for this. Every pin in my dot matrix printer can be told whether to be in or out. What want for RIG HTBLANK is a character made up of four vertical columns of nothing and then four columns of full blackness. To do thisl need to send to the printer the coding that sets of the proper coding for pin addressing (27 83) and then tell it that there will be eight numbers coming to be used (48 48 48 56) and then finally the coding for the actual printing (0 0 0 O 255 255 255 255). have thus generated my own character which has the printing thatl

screen

want. One other need is to havethe lines closer together to make the picture appear more realistic. There is a

procedure called SPACING that changes the spacing to 8/72 of an inch. This will have to be modified to your own printer also. The Epson uses

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[27 65] coding.

Thus PRINTER is called to do a screen dump. It determines the first spot in memory that is the screen

memory by checking the pointer at 14273, and sets this value to SCREEN. It starts the printer and changes the SPACING. It then calls LINE 96 times to print out all 96 lines of the screen, and finally turns off the p rinter. LINE calls PIXEL 40 times

and after each call, increments SCREEN.

PIXEL finds the value at the Iocation SCREEN and separates it

into two parts which it sends to WRITE if it is not zero. If it is zero two BLANKS are sent and the procedure returns to LINE. WRITE determines if it is a BLANK, A RIGHTBLANK, a LEFTBLANK,ora SQUARE coding is to be sent to the printer. It then

If were to add it, the step be in DRAW as follows IF

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:STEP < 5 THEN PRINTER. This program is an example of a program writing its own program —

returns to PIXEL. PRINTER is extremely slow. It will take almost five minutes to print out will control m self the full screen.

the major characteristic of Lisp. It does not care if the list contains names or numbers or instructions, it is treated just the same and stored just the same. Thus an instruction list can be modified when needed and

and make no bad puns about turtles. There are facilities to make the screen dump in machine language, but that is not the purpose of this

when checked by external observations, which make this the lan— guage of choice for artificial intelIigence work.

February 7986 ATARI USER

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6502 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE THE 6502 chip supports

avaiuecf700,then100 i08ndA stared at address 37692

(37682+70)-

Instructionsfollowedby#mean carried GU? in thattha operation the immediate mode. Whatever is followed by the?sign is treatedas anumberandnotan address. For example LDA#7 6 means load the With a value Of 76— accumulator th'e ‘3 to is

= aft/Till?

comman 1536 means

Big:

W[the ereas

load the accumulator with whatever value is stored at address 75.36'

age BJgstrucbt/anshsuch are ranc ”79 instructions. 3; branch instruction is fol/Owed by number between 0 and 727 the program jumps forward. Followed by 728 to 255 the programjumps backwards. For example, the routine CMP 75, BEG 73 means compare the accumulator ”Wt” 75 73 bytes and branch ’f equal CMP 75,350 forward Theroutme 238 agam compares the accumulatorwrth 15,butbranches ’f equal 256'238 0’ 78 steps backwards. A number followed byZmeafts that the number rs an address ”7 zero page {addresses 0 1‘0 255/Thus STA 202 means store the the accumulator at contents ”f address 204 a a

78 ATAR/ USER

February 7986

one

accumulator, A, and two registers, X and Y. X, YandA can be thought of as similar to variables in Basic, but with some important differences. They can hold any number between 0 and 255. Values can be added to or subtracted from the accumulator without any dif?culty, though multiplication and division are more complex. The X and Y registers can only be increased or decreased by one during any given operation. X and Yregisters can beused as indexes. Where an address is followed be or Y this indicates that this is an indexed operation Ff” example, STA 37682" means store the contents Of the accumulator in address 37682 plus whatever valueis heldin theY a value Of registen 77733 itholds

NOW let’s look at the assembly language version of Alien Attack, the game developed with the use of the RAW assembler from last August’s issue of Atari User. The assembler puts machine code into memory after analysing assembly language mnemonics con— tained within DATA statements. is a list of the DATA Program statements used to compile the first part of the game. The mnemonics used by RAW are fairly standard, so if you are used to using a different Atari assembler you should have no difficulty. minor There may be some differences, forexamme, the RAW assembler recognises indexed instructions such as STA 37682.Y, whereasm t 35 mbIers re lace the fu|| stop waif, 2 czmma to giveSTA 37682,Y. In case you are unfamiliar with assembly language, or only have a limited knowled e of the s stem, the adjacent panel givesa brieflintroduction to the subject and a list of the assembly language mnemonics used by Alien Attack are given elsewhere. To keep things simple have not used all the 6502 instruction set that is available to the programmer, nor have used the hex number system. Whereas Basic supports a large number of variables that can be used to store DATA, the 6502 chip can only handle two registers, X and Y, and one accumulator, A. It is therefore necessary at various points in a machine code program to store DATA in memory locations so that it can be retrieved later in the program. Addresses in which Alien Attack DATA are stored in this way refer to as stores. It is helpful to allocate areas

F0 R

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Part ll Of STEPHEN W|LL| AM SON53 .

on hOW to your own

serles

prOdllFe

machlne COde games

of memory well away from the

main

program to act as stores. In this way whenever you come them in machine code across programs you can recognise the addresses at once as being stores.

There are several locations in

zero

page, addressesOto 255,thatare not used by the operating system, and l have used some of these as stores. For example, the current horizontal position of the ship is stored at

204. There is also a block of memory free at page 6, addresses 1536 to 1792, and have also allocated some address

Machine Code

————————————

annex m 15. IEII int-l um m Lucile: m OSSEIILEV mu 1“ 17. mi m by stopm ututamn m snow. “5.3" no um on: numun n ”44.5" 54279,LM 33,5" surm.»

‘

MNEM°N|CS

1547.5“ 1540.51. no van t» mun 1549,Lu as,er 1546,LM 1110.51. 204 .z,|.n 0150.5“ 200 mm

205.1

BEQ BNE

.ur

mm» 1mm 2.7.1.5" 110. l.l0P,IIIP,l0P,IOPJOPJOPJQPJOP 220 um um amt“ 139,570 53249.u,sn tsxmmzxmuz 247.5“ 2201.5" 119.

no um

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230 mm

an.» m,sn autumn xu44.v,sta n4u.v,sn

Hummus

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53258

sunmn

270 tum um

117,350

emf?” .

(;c>mpare\;(\g‘t Y one. Deere ase

mum.»

DecreaseYbY

INX m

0m: on increase??? "we“ .

322231?speci?ed

0 ihlfglgffam" taCKpuuaccumulatggfftw‘: from '

RTS

Store X in X StoreY in memOl'V- value Transfer accumulator accu mu tom-or of Xto Transfer value

TAX TXA

I 170 no, 200 2447 230 15905

540:

190 15222 220 12m

“4:3:

22: 2:32:

2“

of these as stores. It would perhaps have been enough to just use page 6 addresses, have included zero page but addresses for demonstration purposes. Where memory is at a have premium zero page addresses byte of only being the advantage .

long. used Figure us a list of the stores by Alien Attack. The game IS burlt up from a series .

of 12 short subroutines, each handling a different aspect of the game.

only once for each the game. The initialises game rest of the subroutines are labelled according to their function. The first

2°4 smhOrizontal co ordinate. 205 Sh'pp'ayer rp 206 Alien playerVe 207 Alien119,3 Y e r glcolcoordinate. onzontalcOord.lnate. player vertical Co 208 Ar 209 Alilen 21playerdirectionflgrdmate' 9" _en p'al’er h0rizOn tal 210 Alien coordinat 6. 2 211 A?enzplaVerfertrcalcoordinate 219 ?ag Alien3s,:yerd"‘?0t5°" 220 Alien3plazzrhor'yntalcoordinate 1:21 Alien3playe:;?n'c?'900rdinate. missile firefigrgoanlag. 1533 2:51? On scre en In miss“

accumulator.

contents gemr'zgzrgesc‘i‘fied memOW-

STY

4200

contents. ntents.

LoeldYm'fzsgi?fgiggumulator.

ggg

no 14252 no 12391

pLA

Listing /

150

address. Jump to SP aimed e and save return address. Contents. Jump to sub?ga‘; with specified

LSR A NOP

232.311: 321!s hi p, m f ire. m “LJSI “2,an au,m «1.an 13016,an fire "15! com». com

(me-

gEY

JSR LDA LDX pr

‘

JMp

70m.» 1190.5" 705,le 1125.5“ 705.le 3122.5“: 70? 22:

t 6 mg to accumulator. Add specmed con 3°C” mulator. Of b't shift left one clear. Branch if carry 59‘Branch car?" lff equ Branchi contentsBranch if not with specified Compare contentSspeci?ed Compare 103th ecified contents. h _

ADC ASL A Bcc Bcs

559

352,510

A TTACK USED |N AUEN

is used

and

The RAW assembler,

most

‘

e Veftrcai -

153

missile

?ag.02°'dc')"aten s

off soreen,

1533 ?ler! ren o off screen, 1540 Alien émlss?everticalcoordingreen te' 16 flag; 1541 on Alienz T's?“ O off screen 1542 Alien 3m'?s"_e Vertical Coordinasffeen -

—

15413

1544

flag; 64

—

on sc‘ie9" O _ off screen, vertical coordinate, Storesxressj'le Stores Yregisttefduring eXplosiOn rou? explosion mung: Alien 3 mT'Ssile

11545 e 154546 Numberofliviaseifrmg SCOreHOOs). 15487 300119 (10s). 1549 SCore (Ts).

can handle up to 255 assemblers, labels and this facility makes it much easier to write and edit machine code.

Figure

provides

list of these

————————> February 1986 ATARI USER

m—

Startgddress

—_

38360 38

clr

39039

cont

632

initialisationCLEAR _

stores and 1361“ routineSClgiitsialisation formsfunhefé in which sub— Controls orexeercute d.

704 705 706 707

routlnTS Delay 00age shi Controls a|iepn1. movengtgff Controls alien 2. of mover“ent Controls movem of alien 3. ent Controls fire button and press Detects mover“of ent of ship missiiecontrols alien of monBOIWWVemem m Comf'OlS miSSI|65-_ e Ship is hit. Detects if are hit. "9 Sisazs lfa Detects .

393811 39

a|1

39 215

al2

39159 39

al3

fire

395 76

bomb

3 9682

coll kill

39884 40 134

Detects

710 24640-24679 36864

37632-39680 53248 53249 53250 53251

53252 53253 53254 53255 53256

Figure l/:Subr0uti"es

53257 53258 53259 53260 53277

labels and a brief description of what each subroutine does. Figure “I is a list of the relevant address of the Atari operating system

that the program uses. Reference e this table WI” help "1 followmg t go program. Alien Attack makes eXths'Ve use of the player missile graphic systemin the following comments on the listing, Player 0 is referred to as the ship with players 1,2 and 3 known as d 3 res ectively. “legs/I113’ 123 as an Ebbreviation for Player M'ss' e.

53278

of I’o y sti c k 0 sm i

Detects

similarto

srmeloi.

—

sAygtzitrored

2332;

ltc soun IX'oliame 0 anne 303m; chanln1el

INITIALISATION Lines

and

mmahse

Figure .

38916tel|s the RAW assembler where to start storing machine code in memory. 85 is stored at address 53260. This sets the size Of all missiles to double normal size. 144 is stored at address 54279 to tell the PM system that the PM base address is 36864. A” the data f 0 rthe PM shapes are ORG

dS 3 is Stored from 36865135?foturn on Stored m address 62 is stored at the PM syséem. ive single line a normal size add?ei'sonsspmsoog reso u '

Volume sound channel_1. sound clocking and filtering. Causes white noise explosion sound.

Affects

///.'

Operating system addresses used by Alien Attack

1548, 1549 to put the character zero in these stores. A Of 5 value in address StOI?d 1546 hoISI ds which .e number of lives left. To increase this number. a higher one can be stored at 1546. 118 is stored in address 204 COOP and is the horizontal starting dinate of the ship. Similarly 1.50 stored at 205 is the_vertica| starting coordinate of the ship. CLEAR

(2...

20 ATARI USER

score stores

February 7986

1547,

cfhrzmuasng JFSO'Q“ (Egg'fsf’yvénzn ?gmmand is executed, the number of parame t e.rs

to the machine ut onto the stack. in

assed

alien Attack, no earrfetersare actually passed, but pail va ue of zero is put onto the stll ka StaTheinstruction PLA removes the O f rom t h e s t a ck as this information is not needed by the program. This then leaves a two byte at the top address of the stack which the to return Basic address.0is putlntO the Allen and 2 stores to clear them Off the tcgderzustleneol? l

IS.

S ,

»_

creen.

The No Operation (NOP) instruc— are useful in the devel0pmenta| stage of a machine code progm

tions

stored in the

200 to 250 perform further initialisation functions and clear many of the stores before the game starts and also after each wave ofalienS has Lines

playfield.

16 is

the

ga me.

190

Colour register ofship. Colour register ofalien 1. Colourregisterofalien2. Colour register of alien 3. Colour register of screen background. Top row of screen display. PM Base address. This address is allocated by the program. Other programs the using PM system may use a different PM base address. Data for PM shapes stored here. Horizontal position of ship. Horizontal position of alien 1. Horizontal position ofalien 2. Horizontal position ofalien 3. Horizontal position of ship missile. Horizontal position of alien missile. Horizontal position ofalien 2 missile. Horizontal position of alien 3 missile. Collision detection ship missile to all aliens. Collision detection —alien missile to Collision detection—alien 2 missile to ship. ship. Collision detection —alien 3 missile to ship. ColllSlon detection—shlpto aliens. at this address SWltches on PM

53760 53763 53768

?re button has been pressed

0 stored at this address calls all collision detection addresses. Detects if START, SELECT or OPTION keys have been pressed. 7 — No key pressed, 6 — START key pressed, 5 — SELECT key pressed,3—OPTION key pressed. Pitch sound channel 0.

53279

osition

STlCKlO)?

646

del ship

Clock.

Attract mode clock. Affects size of playfield and PM resolution.

559

Func?on _

Label

20 77

The machine code routines are called V

Machine Code Initially this section of memory held other instructions, but were later not “953de as they performed no USGfU| function. Instead of re-writing the routine 8 NOP instructions are placed to erase the unwanted instructions. This wastes eight bytes of memory, but this is a negligible amount, and the time taken to cycle through the NOP instructions is infinitesimal.

— " .

a” the horizontal position registers clears most of the stores.

i -

“f?

/ 795-6.

O in and missile

\$’1

—=

’ i

'~._

12451:

_‘

_ A1

stored address 53258to set in Allen 2 to double slze. _

ls the Slze Of

_ The colours

of the players and

CONTROL

set up in the colour missiles reglsters according to the formula: are

colour

x 16

_ Address 53279

brightness

routine is useful for de—bug— ging purposes during the develop— mental stage of machine code programs, for it means that you can exit from machine code without having to press the Reset key which can often result in the program being corrupted. O is stored at address 77. WithOUt this routine the Atari WOUid the attract mode after 10 enter mlnutes Of playing Alien Attack.

This line calls up

Another loop clears all the PM data area of any garbage that may have accumulated there.

pressed.

Basic. This

‘\\\4

A loop puts and

(“a ajg"

been

has

START, SELECT or OPTION has been pressed then the Atari exits from machine code and control returns to

— —

_ player

function key

looked at to see ifa

allthe subroutinesin game requires

we t at the ote Niel thatfthe ire routine twice. This

called

that the ship missile travels at approximately twice the speed of the alien missiles. means

0 Nextmonth we'll work through the remainder of the assembly language program.

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BOUNCE is

f—T zgz'zsmzzzziz41:23?“ frustrating

game

exciting,

which is

But be warned, you’ll need plenty of practice and skill to reach the top level. A ball rolls round

the screen,

:;:;:;"s.,::;:::uzrfz':$2.3

joystick, or any key, 8 block will

difficult,

? bJJJZLf.'Z,Zs$§;y?ffi'l.it$§'i¥ / is

the end of the game. Handy hint: Build traps for the ball, wait for it to bounce in, then place a block behind it so it can't get out.

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going

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11?!

to watch

bexfzrdozegczgzsztm

ball. lt dovesn't but wait till yousound too try it.

4,—l \

-* ‘

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—

Display

—————————

Brlghten up your graphrcs displays PARKES

from RICHARD

wrth thls routine

Basic

the SETCOLOR

by using

command to change a colour register between two different hues and Iuminances, but this is often awkward. It would be much easierjust to tell the computer which colour register to flash, between WhICh two colours, and this is what and at what speed .

—

my program does. The machine code routine uses a vertical blank interrupt (VBI) so once the flash for a particular colour register has been set there is no need to worry aboutit untilthe flash is to be

turned

the assembly listing of the routine, and for non—machine code programmers I’ve given a Basic demonstration program Listing II. The machme code data IS POKEd into page 6 in line 10, the data being -l198 from Ilnes 20to 70“ The USR call read |n Me 10 SGtS up the VBl and the variables FLASHON and FLASHOFF to make calllng routlnes are ‘lnltlallsed easuer. Thelr values should not be changed during the program. To get the COlOL" reg|ster to flash I

it“

L595. §

USE:

A=USR(FLASHON,REG, COL1'COL2'SPEED) -

any

var|able.b num er. whereGAcanhbe ls t e register

number 0 to 4 stands for the respective colour registers. A 5 will this can be access location 755 changed to produce different effects m C h aracter grap h'|cs mo d les a number greater than 5 Will be ignored) COLl and COL2 are the two —

(

15: Half the speed of 4 to 7. 16 to 31: Half the speed of 8 to 15. 32 to 63: Half the speed of 16 to 31. 64 to 127: Half the speed of 32 to 8 to

hue*16+luminance, so varying from 255. When register 5 is used the following effects in text modes can be produced using one of the parameters as shown (apply to Graphics 0 only, 0 to

except where stated): 0 Inverse text to normal text. 1 Inverse text to blanks. 2 Normal setting. 3 Inverse text to inverse blanks 4Vert|cal reflect (all text modes) and inverse text to normal text. 5 Vertical reflect (all text modes). 7 Vertical reflect (all text modes) and inverse text to inverse blanks. SPEED alters the frequency of the flash as follows: 0 and 1: Fast flickery effect. '

and 3:

of the

Flashes

same speed.

4 to 7: Flashes of the same speed, half the speed of 2 and 3. -

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Different values Within the ranges are used so that the flashes can occur at the same rate but out of synchronisation from one another, as shown in the example program. This USR call is used to stop a register from flashing: A=USR ( F LASHOFF'REG'COL) where A

any variable.

register number (0 to 5 number greater than 5 will be ignored as before) and COL is the value that the register is to retain. Note that using SETCOLOR or a GRAPHICS command to reset a colour register will not work while the register is being flashed as the flash routine will overwrite the command. REG is the

—

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SOME computers have a Basic command allowing colours to be flashed, but despite the Atari's range of Basic graphics commands it lacks this facility. The effect could be implemented in

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/_/--\

Take advantage Of our finger—saving offer on Page 60.

*_—

THIS Micropainter transfer pro— gram enables you to manipulate Micropainter or other standard 62 sector graphics files. Program will allow you to transfer Micropainter files between DOS files,

PROGRAMMAP G t command-

100450 300332

33-530 600-630 700—710

FermatadlscGit directorvor Load DOS format

685522112212:

cassette files, and disc sectors.

Save DOSforrnator 0?st Load blockof disc seitors‘ 59 Save blockOf disc Full screen ’°”t'"e' d'lSP la Y list. Change to full screen is Watt untt13 key pressed.switch back to 5PM ssed key and

Many commercial discs contain Micropainter—style files in non-DOS format, but saved as continuous

800-810 900.940 900 920 930 40

sectors. This program WI|| enable you to load and view these pictures. When you first run Program I the screen will go black for about 30 seconds. It will then display a blank screen with instruction lines below. .

Cams:(zgilaylistget loopSB‘Zkato

1230 1000-1030

132321140

codeRead in machine Sector in load/Sa‘fe rouzneéata Read . e Sector load/save _

You

now load a picture by or 3 and Return. If you press you will be asked for a filename. lf you want to load a DOS file enter szilename or enter C: for a

machlf‘llz‘ri“;

1200 12104 220

Readinfileload/safngocodeaata‘ File

2000—2020

Sub—routine

lines. toma?qt'command Dr

av goai‘lii‘l:

cassette file. If you press 3 you asked for will be the start sector. This Will tell the which disc sector to start

52:333:222:32:5‘ 2403 250 lists. initialise display

Find 3000-3332 Startwl?j graphics mziiggggplav?stDL$ fors

3010

3020 3030 3040-3100

Use a string of DL$address of start

program loading from. The last option IS the one to use to load from a commercial disc. To do this when you are asked for the sector number initially enter If no recognisablepart of a picture is seen next time enter 100, then 200

“(?ies igylist run on {he Qr'g'ngs “23 program to do not supp"rt gfaph'cs

foéiéggsxhich I

3110 120 3130

memorxl (same gggigasrtngfzfr‘ezn

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load/_SaVe

2200 2300

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than the disc. If a picture is found you usually only have part of it, so keep changing the sector number until you find the correct sector to load the

picture fully. Many commercial

discs

contain

——-——> February 7986 ATARI USER

__—______ protection and part of the disc may be unreadable. If this is the case the program will restart and you can enter a different sector. When you have a picture loaded you can press Return to toggle between a partial picture and the full .

just as easy. Pressing 2 will save the picture as a file. Again you will be asked for a Saving

picture

filename. To save to disc enter szilename, to save to cassette enter C: If you want to save a picture directly to disc as a non—DOS file press 4 and enter the start sector as requested. However beware, this option can write over any other information on a disc and erase it, so use it carefully. There are two other disc commands. D which will produce a disc directory. To pause the rather rapid display of this press Ctrl—1 and press it again to resume printing. The final command is F which after confirming the request willformatthe disc. Note that this will also erase the

_UT'L'T'ES_ 24.95 24-95 32-95 32'95

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Rubberstamp Types?“er GraphicsAnDeptA'Fadecm‘s'se‘ PuntShop -----------------

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BUF

LOWbytzlgftzcgeendrsplaylist, High byte ofthis.

Sectortostartfrém

Address ofscreen rnemo ' NUMberofsectorstoloacgy.

drive! The program is not designed to handle the colours of the picture properly and will display only the default colours. This is because pictures saved as sectors or on tape have often lost their colour data and it is primarily these that the program is designed to deal with. Also the program is only intended to work in single density format and disc in your

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Seastalker

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37.95

Koronishif't"Z..................... Mercenary........................ 8.50 Rescueon Fractalus........... Hacker Gt.Amer.Road Race..........

BallBlazer........................

Ghostbuster

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Decathalon....................... Pitfallll MusicC.Set

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Boulderdash

12.95 7.75

”ecmmde Encounter

6.50

OiisWell Mr Robot Spyll FighterPilot

Sendchequeorpostalorderto:

DATASCAPE

graphics mode from Basic. Again, the program when run will ask for a filename. These can be szilename ordisc or C:for cassette. It will then load and display the picture. —

Disk

Cass. Cass.

3795 1495 19.95 1435 21.95 19.95 14.95 26.95 1995 19.95 19.95 24.95

8'95

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20.0 .....::::::::::::::::::::::::::

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ZoneX Kingofthe Hing----~---~-----~ JumpJet Bruce Lee

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THIS program allows you to bid and play contract-bridge against the computer. The standard of play is quite sophisticated so it

storage-saving techniques permit the program to run in

uses

16k.

Select the card you wish to play with the joystick. Bidding is done by typing the particular bid you wish to make when it is your turn. The game is in two parts—bidding and card—play. The computer ran— domly deals four hands. You play South and the computer bids and plays the other hands.

Biddin g

Card-play _

game

For example, 1H for one heart, 3NT for three no—trumps, P for pass, and D for double. The computer will not accept bids in the wrong format and will prompt you again with ‘BlD ?'.

When bidding is finished, the computer asks you to type the identity of “declarer”, which is for North, 2 for East, 3 for South or 4 for 1

West. You are then asked to type the contract say, 2NT or 3H and so on. This allows you to play a hand that 32 ATARI USER

would otherwise be played by the computer, or permits you to set a more challenging contract. You will find this useful. P|U9 the JOYS'?Ck into

follows the Nottingham club bidding convention which is described later. Bids are displayed at the top of the screen. Enter them by typing the bid, followed by Return. When it is your turn you are prompted with ‘BID ?'. The bid format is a number, followed by the letter to indicate the suit. The

By JOH N HOOPE

February

7986

port 1- The contract is displayed at the top left of the screen. The first card is played by the hand to the left of the declarer. "Dummy's" hand is then displayed. When you are required to play a card, you will be prompted with a ‘?' and the cursor will be displayed. Using the joystick, place the cursor over the card you wish to play and press the Fire button. The card will be played, and deleted from your hand. At the end of the trick the screen displays the winner and the trick total for each hand. To begin the next trick, press the Fire button. Pressing the Fire button after trick 13 instigatesa redeal and the bidding for the next game begins. Pressing the Esc key at any point in the card play also instigates a redeal as soon as the next card is played. O

The display follows the normal

format to be found in bOOkS, except that 'T' represents Ten. 0 Each hand is separate,and should be bid to the highest contract feasible for that hand. 0 There is no ‘vulnerability'. 0 Each deal is random and yields interesting distributions. _

Playing hmts The computer plays either to achieve the contract, if it is declarer, or to defeat the contract if it is defence. It is not so concernedto getthe maximum number of tricks.

capable of developing various it can duck strategies tricks, cross-trump, finesse, develop It is

long—term

—

long suits and so on. If you (South) are in defence, for example, the computer as your partner (North) will join with you in a sensible strategy, just as a human partner may do. But the computer will not recog— nise the convention "lead the fourth highest of longest suit" in “no—trump" contracts. Also, if you hold KO or OJ etc and you are in defence, lead the higherofthe pair, orthe computerwill

variations. Another example. Suppose the opening bid was 1NT. You have a poor hand'but 3. five-card .SUit' So respond With 2 in that sun say, 1NT'23' Your partner not bid wril probably this is assumed to be further, because

assume that the opposition holds the higher card.

are many

Bidding convention Points are counted as ACE (4), KING (3),QUEEN(2)andJACK(1).Thisisa simple convention to use without many of the more complex and to my mind obtuse ingredients which impoverish the less than brilliant player's game.lhave set limits forthe computer which make it competitive and seemingjy able to take risks. Opening bids. The following are permissible:

—

“m't'”9'b'd'

if you have a very SUOhQ hand, then jump to the level you think best describes that—but if you bid too high you may “Ct leave room for ”slam" bidding.

16-20 points. Partner is required to respond. 12~15 points; with a five-card suit in the

1C(oneclub) 1

1H,1S

NT 2C

points, but with no five—card suit. with clubs as the five—card 12-15 points,

and so on. For example, if you had asked

for the 4NT above), (as kings by bidding computer will bid 5H if it holds 2

five-card surt _

With

2_0+ pomts, bid surt.

the

kings.

2NT

20+ points without a five-card suit. Partnershould respond. 3C, 3D, 3H, 38 Pre—empt. Between 8-1 points, with at Ieastseven cards in the bid suit.

Armed with knowledge of top then make your final

cards, you can bid.

Note that any other opening bid will not be understood by the not like to predict _

zzmggzhs/e'woqld above. ___________________

1,5

—————————————————-

than 7 points— Respond 10. Between 7-1 points 1NT, or 'something' in a good suit. 0 Between 12—1 5 points Jump response t02 'something'. Ifyou have a five-card suit, the ’something' should be that suit, otherwise NT. 0 More than 15 points Jump to 3 ‘something’. 0 After 10, 1H, 18, 1NT, 2C Responses are natural here, that is, more or less what you would expect. The responding bid lets partner know your points and distribution. So if you have a poor hand, but with some support for partner's suit, then rebid his suit at the next level, for example, 0-2 D. If you have a good hand, perhaps an opening bid in your own right, then jump respond,showingyourpointsas well as your strong suit. (For example 1D—ZS, -jumping past 18). You have to use your sense here, because there 0 0

Less

—

____._..__.-.

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The problem comes when the computer bids 4C. Does this mean it

‘bwiiiréféw

partner has bid this, he has a very hand. The chances are that YOU strong Will have a weak hand, but of course If

Responses. The following describes the normal responding bids to the After

bid suit.

surt.

2D,2H,ZS

0 Next available bid,—0 kings 0 Next available bid+1,—1 king 0 Next available bid+2,—2 kings,

12-1 5

(pardon the pun). If you wish to bid to 6 this slam.(6_or 'something’), signal by bidding ’4C'. The computer will asking for ggzzazh/davsvsiiimees vaudere p 4D-O aces 4H-1 ace 4S-2 aces 4NT'3 aces 5C'4 aces You should next ask for kings. Do this by bidding the next available bid. For example, if the computer has responded 48, you return 4NT. The computer will tell you how many kings 't has by b'dd'ng “(9 th'S:

you must respond. If you have a poor hand, merely support your partner by bidding the next bid up, say, ZD-2H. If you hold 6 points or more, bid your best suit at a higher level, such as 2D—3H. Other variations are possible. we.

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The computer has quite a complex 'function to respond to your pre—empt, but how do you respond to it? In general, a pre-empt means “not many points, but one strong suit". Therefore you are wise not to change suits unless your hand is exceptionally strong in another suit. Another consideration is that if you hold points or less the opposition will probably hold the majority of the 1

points. You are probably best to bid "P" (pass)

higher

in that case. Otherwise, bid in your partners suit, say,

3D—4D.

Bidding to slam. This

can be

tricky

1.4. ‘

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for aces? You have to infer this from the pattern of the previous bidding. Bidding after opening—bid and response. The object is to bid the best possible suit, or NT if a good fit cannot be found, at the highest level that you think the cards can be is asking you

played. Generally, after opening—bid and response, you should have a good idea of point counts and distribution, and you should bid naturally for best

effect. Interference and competitive bidding. The same rules apply as before, except that you may not be in a position to give a clear, unambiguous description of your hand. Doubling. The computer thinks of ’double’ as an indication of strength. It will not double for penalty points. February 7986 ATARI USER

________________

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Subroutines for screen dis l the Symbols for the suits, Also poiyf’; e”?fe "St through, CON=O, therefore only somhm."s hand is displayed After CON has been set to 1, other hands car; be d' I Subroutine to E ac h card is read i kangths (SUland

2000-2310

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0r2,with being assi 9 ned to North and South, and 2 to East-West. ThlS allows the total str e'th‘.” partnership to be estimatgggth (if maximum values to be given to limit at? blddlng—MAX(Z)_This effective” determinees ‘

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control. The value previous, is now seen to be of usey glven of your partner's last ugh—?g? ”19Strength is of the strength .the Opp-chemist I .eSpondlng

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34 ATARI USER

February

7986

the bidding to save ?if'sazleeitlilsed the play, Whose turn ?t ifs?on'l‘tors deciding at cards are permissible, which suit is tru'mw 98, who has won the and so on trick, Crude Sdbr to select either the highest or loci/“mes

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routi??cgard' suit is inen be. th105 gets the card. The 9 value of O, which is dependent on thy; Cursor row posmon. Display routinesf Play routines T?rca'd‘p'fwShould be played {size decide Which card Strategy should be adopted, At each t .WE'C" looks at how many tricks argcneézzgrogran'] or defeat the Contract, If {0 “hit-Eve the is a strategy, it will use it If not thee srmple depend on Whether c'” not strategylw'.” a) Contract IS in "no—trumps; or how mane are outstanding, or how many trick“mps S are “3“ to play,and so on. _

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x-u mill pmwmtcmm-mm—xn 202. IE!“ ler can“ men coultzcoulv “hum“ 2010 P=P(K1MNK2MHK3HNK4) zzso s=xczron 1:13.70 ll STEP -x1

2200 2270 2200 2290

IF sucsn>zsu11) s:s—x1:coro

THE! 2100

3100 BD(I)=K16:BL(Z):K2:GOT0 L? 3190 cazxozron 0:11 to x13:xr 101101n, x1/x13):c(u,u)/x13 rnzu 00:01411 3194 NEXT x 3196 001u)=0010¢x1ocn:0L(l)=x3:coro L7 3200 M(l)=lIIMK1:BI.(Z)=K4:Gom L7 3210 cx=x0:ron x=l1 to 11311r IIT(C(H,

2200

IEHT r“ su1101=s:1r

sucsu1x0)))x4 rue: su

=su1x01=soro 2310 2300 50:15 2310 REIHRI 2500 posmon 1mm

“I",“E"."S"."If':

nzxu110001101lx4fx1)=1r n<>x3 THE! 300 0

2530 than 2530:POSITIOI (10,110:? "010

";:IIPH1 nszposlrxou x1s,x10:? "zxr mu 011 mm man 2535

2532 IF 010111):xz tutu n0x1x11=0=soro 2535 2533 HAHtKl):P:H=lleOSHI 2000

253‘ MHHHMMan-K?mu 2535 IF 05111,x11:"p" THE! 0010):xso:c 010 L3 2540 IF 05111,x1)="0" ruin 001n)=x40:s 010 L3 2550 ID(I):(U?L(l$(l1,K1))-K1)IK5 2500 IF 051xz.xz)="0" THE! snxuxznntl)

0“ 2570 IF

lStxz,x2):"n"

THEN

BDtI)=ID(l)

051xz,xz):"n"

THEN

BD(I):BD(I)

“3 25,0 1; ,s(lz.,2,:usu TnEl ,,(.,=,,(', ,“ 2000 IF BS(K2.K2)="I“ THE! not-1:00:11 “5 2601 IF I(K5 THE. so.” L3 2002 IF nL(x1)()k0 ruin 0L(x1):0L(x1)+ K1

2003 IF ID(I)=lli tutu IL(ll)=K2 2504 IF 3040-12):x154x1400 tutu IL(K1)

:x4 2006 IF anti-xzle1soxz4ca+cx rue- IL( (13:15 251. 5.70 L3 3000 v=xoxron s:x1 10 l4zvzvonxo(sx:l£ ut s=xr v=x10 AID lID(H)=l10 ruin 0000 3010 IF v:xs tutu nun 3020 cosuo 2000 3030 IF n:x3 min 2030 3040 IF v(x0 THE! 4000 3050 Z=K2*IIT(H/!2)*K2-H:IF notu-xzn(x 40 THE! Pn:K5*Ilt((l0(l-K2)-ll)/KS) 3055 pnzx55101110010—x1)/151 3000 IF v=x10 THE! 0000 3070 IF v:x12 on v=x14 on v:x20 TIE! 0

1.0 3000 IF v=x10 nun uzxs on u=xs THE! 01 00 3000 IF 7:310 YHEI 0070 L4 3100 IF v=xzo¢xz on v=x30 an» sntu-xib (>x40 IHEI 0100 3110 IF v=xzofxz on v=x30 tutu 0300 3120 IF v=x1znxz an» uzxs nun 0010—14) =xso THE! 0100 3130 on 0L(Z)+x1 corn 3140.3100.3100,3

200.3210.3220.4040 3140 IF n510>nnutzx THE! 0010 L4 3150 IF 5742):xo THE! 50500 0000 3100 IF mxmmm tun 3100 3170 0010):pn+sv(z):coto L7

cxzmu

1:0(n,x)/x13 tutu

cazcoox1 3225 mu 1: 3230 run xzx1 30 «13:1! c(u.x)/x1zzxnr (c(u,x)/x1z) ruin 0x:cxox1 3235 IEHT u

0.110:? "DEanlfn

?...1(l).2(E),3(S),0 ";“6";"6";"+";:1|pu7 DEC

0 41am

5010 905111011 10,1112” "sonnet 15 40$=1r 005112.x2) 35":";"4";"0"::100u7

° 5.12 5‘1‘ 5.15 5.2.

“5" “W“! If ‘“9(l2.l2)="9" THEI VRHIP=KZ If °'5“2412’=""" T?fl 'R“HP=K3 If °'5"2»“2’="5" THE“ TRIFP=K4

"=°°l“'5‘il.‘1’)=°?N=DE°’KI=IF

"WNW-Kl 5'3° 7 °"‘5‘125’=‘°5"' ~“=? “" 1110114

THEN

"'='°51‘I°l

32‘. PR=K7“5'KS*(K“C.)‘K5“IIT((Kl-CK ill!) 3250 BO(I):SY(Z)¥Pl-K5:BL(Z)=K6:GOTO L

5"' °°=*'=“1‘"=K0=F0R H=Kl To K4=H?xt ID=KNIEIIT "1“:DEC‘PK129L‘YIK1:Et‘.=.5 ="‘IF ")“‘ '"E' "=‘1 5050 °2=‘°=‘°5“' °3°°=IF T?=Kl4 ‘HEI R

5.52 IF PEE“7°"=2' T?il “WI 5'55 If T'=‘1 “'° PL°V=KZ T"f' 0" N ‘0 S"' ’5"""""’7' 5.6. lzlzlllf?l/Kz) +l2~||=IF ll=l3 AND D ““()‘3 °“ ‘"=‘1 "° “=°“"° T"E' 505"'

4000 IF P)K20 IHEI 4100

"1' "2' 4.3. "“ 4045

4,2 2500 IF

umuncmmvm

3214 next x 3210 00101=00104x1+cx:nL(z):xs=coro L7 3220 run x:x1 to x13:xr IIT(C(H,l)/K13

4920 7 0005110);:nsrunu 4030 7 cuns:1z:1;:nzruuu 5000 1009 50'0:c0l:l1:TR:K1:POSIYIOIl

‘1" u“

If ')K3*‘5 T"f' ‘130 IF P)‘11 rue" ‘2'0 If pus “in 43“

‘°"’=‘5‘='5="'°55"‘°'° L3 00(I)=x40:05:"001":corn L3 If 5“‘5"‘K"’)K4 '"f' 412.

8000=G°7° 5080

”(magnum

u 4120 on 501101 0010 4130.4140.4150,410 . ‘13' ""’=‘1“°'° ll u“ ”(gunman L1 415. ”(I)=KO:GOTO L]. 415. 5’("’=¥1'““l=‘°f° L1 42“ IF SIHSIKIOH)!‘ n.“ ‘22. 4210 001n:=xs:coto L1 4220 on sutxo) 0010 4230.4240.4250,4zs . 4230 ID(I):KO:GOT0 L1 424. .p(l):nggoyo L1 425. ”(I)=K3=G.7° LI. 4200 001!):x4=coro L1 4300 IF 501501401)(x7 rue- coro L4 4310 on SH(KO) 0030 4320,4330,4340,435 0

4320 4330 4340 4350 4500 4510

um:x11=soro L1 DD(I)=I12:GOTG L1 notu):x13:coro L1 0010)=x14:coro L1 oszstns(1011100t0)-l1)/l3)+11) on

I.(I)-KS*IIT((BD(I)-Kl)/KS)

to 4520.4530,4s40,4sso,4500 452. BS(LE.('S) ’K1)="c”:‘0f° L; 4530 nstLEu10514u1)="0":coro L3 4540 IS(LEI(D$)4K1):"H“:GOIO L3 4550 B$(LEI(BS)0K1)=“S“:GOIO L3 4560 B$(LEI(DS)0K1)=“II':GGTO L3 4000 IF 051:1,x1)="p" YHEI BID(H)=I2=G 010 4020 4610 BID(H)=KIO 4020 00511100 (n-x1xux1oouz.L:? 00:1r 00(|)((40 THEI unru=00101 4030 nznox1:1r uzxs Inf! N=K1=L=LOK1 4040 uzu0x1 4650 0010 3000 4000 0 cunStusnm?un 4910 7 cu05190);=ncrunn

5"' ‘°5“' '5°' 5.80 605“! 83.030! xuruuumn-uuu 3)*K1 GOSHB 4900.4910,4920.4930 5002 IF anv:x1 THEN SHPL:IIT((C(H,H1)

"1”'13”1 5065 BID(PLAT)=C(II,H1)=IF Chi. an 06 1K. M CGIJDNIISII THEN HIGH=C(H,R1)

:nnx=z:umu:n 5.9. ‘.' CS(C(II,II1),C(I|,H1))lC$(C(H,I?.), ctn.x1)):n u:1r uzx; gap n()pun Tug] g “SH“ "° 5095 IF n()ouu THE! 5100 5095 OI Dun Gosul 950.900.900,070 51” PLQY=PL070K1:H:HOK1:IF Plkvzll "I E. Pl?vzll?'?z?lflll?’su. “00:11:10!” "PL(Kl)=K0=7°Pl(K2)=KO=HIGH=KO=66=KI 511. If "=*5 THE! H=ll 513° ‘010 505° 59" ?=113 5,“ “NH-”HF 65mm" " "if! 5930 5,20 IF °)K13*5"’l‘113 “ID ¢<=Klli??PL T?il x1=x:n£3uau 5’3' “=“‘KI=IF x:x0 THE! RETURN 5"' ‘070 5’10 5950 “=“1 5000

°=°("-"’=If

°5(°-°’=“

THE! 5900

5’7' If C)K13*SWL'K13 ?” C(=K13§5m 7“5‘ “1="=“ET“*' 5"' "=“*‘1=‘°'° 5’5° 5"' IF P<K13 ‘nf' ‘°'° L4 5'1' If p>1s T"" 4.45 5.2. if "'I’)'5 In:- ‘°T' 1‘ 5'3' 3°"’=5'=‘°T° l? 51" If ""‘l2’=*5' TlE' l‘“(l’=PlG°T ° 5... 5110 If 0°(I'Kll=ll THEN 530° 512' IF 3'1"K2)(K7 THE! “400 5130 IF 5°(H'KZ)(K11 THE! 65.0 5200

"??(l’=l°(l‘12)‘P/K2fll'(5"(5“(l?

’

February 1986 ATARI USER

D!!!) L7 6210 nm:»m-xzuxs=¢oto 5300 IF P(K7 THE! MH(2)=K10:IF "(15 THE! SOTO L4 5305 IF P(!7 THE! OO(!)=K2=SOTO L1 5110 IF P(K12 THE! MH(Z)=K20:OO(!)=I5 :SOTO L7 5320 IF P(K15 THE! MHTZ)=KlO-(Z‘!1)*K 5:OO(!)=K5+SH:SOTO L7 5330 0O(!)=K10*SII:SOTO L7 5400 O! PIK5+K1 SOTO 5410,0420,5440.54

50,645. 5410 HH(Z)=!10=IF SlKKS OIO BOTH-K2): H5 THE! 00(!)=SIHK5:SOTOL7 6015 5070 L0 5420 I“! (Z)=P*SI.I($II(O))IK2:OO(!)=PR+SII :SOTO L7

640. NH(Z):25-(Z-K1)*K5:OO(!)=K545HP mcoro L7 5450 BOT!):K10*SHH’R:SOTO L7 5500 NH(Z):K130P*I!T(SII(SII(KOHll2):I F MH(Z))35 THE! MH(Z)=35 5510 IF P(!5 THE! OO(!)=OO(!-K2)*l1:SO W L? 6520 ON!)=K5*SII=SOTO L7 5000 OHO!SE:K2:IFSII=OO!!-!2)-Pl! THE!

SY(Z)=SH:!ETIII!! 5010 S?(I)=SII:P(SO(KO))=OEST:SH(SH(KO) )=LE!STH:IF H(!3 THE! H=H*K2:OHA!SE=-K ZzSOTO 5040 5030 HZH-KZ 5040 SOS“! 2000 5050 H:H§OHO!SE:IFSY (Z)=!5 O!O SOCKS

7500 IEHT T:S|I(KO)=§:IF S:!1 TIE! 7030 761. Fall 13-11 To K1 STEP -K1:IF Slts H(KO))=SO(T) OIO PTSII(!O))(P(T) THE! S

0180 CZ=K1:IF TIIIWOKO OIO C)K13*Tl!l!l

Ill!0)=T 7520 IEHT T 7510 MH(Z)=SII(KO):OETII!! 7700 IF MHKHHKO THE! SOSHO 7000:IF H 0!(H)=!0 THE! 0000 7710 OPL=MH(H):SOSIIO 0700:IF H=KO THE ! 0000 7720 IF TOPSEPLJIHKO OI TOPSlOPLJ2 ”K0 THE! SIIPL=OPL:SOTO 0755 7730 O:K2:IF H)!2 THE! O=-!2 7740 HszbchLZTOml’mOSOO O700:H=H-O: CPL=MH(H):IF H2“. THE. O...

0140 0150 0150 0170

7750 SIIPL=OPL1SOTO L2 7000 OOIIHTZKOtOZKZTIF H)K2 TIE! Oz-KZ

7,1. “:H*.=“S||' =K0

7020 IF SI!(S)=COII!TTHE! 7050 7030 S=S-K1:IF 51le THE! 7070 7040 SOTO 7020 7050 IF SOTIOTO THE! MH(H):S:OO|I!T:K

NEW“ 70“ 50W 7“. 7070 COOIT=OMT0!1:IF COUTzll THE! C OI]!T=!O:I!ETIIO! 7000 S=l4xSOTO 7020 0000 POKE 752.KOIPOSITIO! MOT? "'Hf SOPL=K03IF PLOYOK1 THE! OPL‘JSIIPUEOSU O 9700le HOIO THE! FSIIPL:K1

THE! SYTZ)=SII:HETHR! 5050 IF SY(Z)=K5 THE! HE"!!! 5070 IF S?=K5 THE! RE"!!! 5000 IF P(Sl|))0EST OI! SHtSII(KO)))LE!ST II THE! svxzxzsumoro 5892 son um“ 6892 sosus zonaxr

SIITSNZH“! all in

(SI!(!O)))K5 THE! SY(Z)=S|I 0094 IF SH(SY(Z))(K3 THE! SV(I)=!5:~H (l):MH(Z)-K5 5005 HE“!!! 7000 IF OO(!))MH(Z) “9 “(1)=K0 7!“ SOTO

7.1. If 09") (3519 “0 MH(Z”:.°“)’ K5 THE. “(!)=OO(!)4K5 7020 IF OO(I))HIO THE! SOTO L1 7030 SOTO L4 7500 IF TIT)! O!O TOP)!O THE! 0100 7510 IF TRIHQOKO THE! 7700 7520 IF MH(Z)=!O THE! SOSIIO 7550 7530 OPL=MH(Z):SOSIIO 0700:IF !=!O OIO TOP)K0 THE! SOS“ 0400:SOTO 7050 7535 IF 11le THE! 0000 7540 IF TOPS(OPL,!1))!0 OI TWS(OPL,K2

”KO THE! SIIPL:OPL:SOTO 0755 7545 SIIPL:OPL:SOTO L2 7550 IF TOPS(S.K1)fTOPS(S.K2))KI OHO T OPS(S,K2))!O THE! SIIPL=S:SOTO L2 7552 IF TOPS(S.!1)0TOPS(S,!2))!1 TIE! SOPL=S:SOTO 0755 7555 SOTO 0000 7550 OOIIIT=KO:SOSHO 2000:O=K2llF H)!2 THE! O='K2 7570 H=HOIHSOSIIO 2000:cOO!T=!OlH=H-O:S =K4=FOR T=KI TO K1 STEP “K1 7500 IF SIITS))=SII(T) THE! 7500 7500 S:S-K1:SOTO 7500

36 ATARI USER

February 7986

2000:H=H-O:S=I4:COIIIT

Tll'ed Of

typing? Take advantage °f

Q: /-‘/\

our \

finger-saving

offer

0“

Page 60-

0010 POKE 77,KO:ST=STIOI(!O)IFOI O=K1

15:!EHT O 0020 IF ST=K14 THE! 7 "f"! 0030 IF ST=K7 THE! ? ""'; 0040 IF ST=!13 THE! ? "0"; 0050 IF ST=!11 THE! 7 “f"; 0050 IF STIIS?O) OKO TIE! 0010 0070 OI=PEE!(04):IF OIZKT 0! 01:9 O! O 1=K20 THE! O2=K40zOI=52 0000 IF 01:K4 O! 01=KIO O! 01:21 THE! TO

O2=27:OI=39 0090 IF 01=K5 OI! O1=I11 N 01:22 THE! O2=l14TOS=25 0100 IF 01=!5 OI O1=K12 O! 01:23 THE! O2:K1:O3=!13 0105 SET “5.0000 0105 IF OMO=15O O! SOOO=120 O! OORO=1 44 O! CORO=224 OR OMB-1251 OI! 00002205 O! OMO:211 THE! ? OHRSTZSSHSOTO 0“ O

0110 FOR H=K1 TO [13:IF O$(C(H.H),C(H. H))=OHI!5(OOIO'120) OIO OI)=0(H.H) OHO C(H.H))=02 THE! 10:11 0115 IF FSIIPL=!1 MO I!T((Ol-!1l/K13)* KIOSIIPL THE! ? OHR$(253):SOTO 0000 0120 IEHT H:POKE 752,K1|C=O(H,!1):IF P LOV=K1 O! (O)!11*SIIPL-K13 OIO O(:!13!S NFL) THE! RETIR!

p—xu no

Minimum»

man cszngcoto

015. IETIIII! S05“! QSOOIIF OIZKI THE! 0170 IF O(OIO(O!-!1) THE! IETIIR! HH=Z:|(I!=H:!ETH!! 03OO 0:25‘K2‘iH-K4I'IHT((KO-H)/!4) 20-1501 K2lH-!4*IIT(HIK4):POSITIOI LOUIE“!!! 0500 POSITIO! K5.K0:? "!I!!ER IS "5 :O! “In 505"; 0550.0570,0500.0500:IF “II: K1 on HI!=K3 THE! 3520 351. EltEl?KUSOTO 3539 0520 !S=!S*K1 053. POSITION K..K1l? “HIS",IST? "El"

;E! ST!IS(K0) 0“. "15. 3535 05‘. F” "zll To H‘TWS". Quay.) man u 355. lETIIR! 355. ? “!ORTH":RETIIR! “EOST "gpztnnl 357. 3535 If

"SOUTH“:RETIIIIH "TEST "zOETul! puwzu men “Gun as" cosus nuuxr O:MH=KO:SOTO 0750 0010 OPL=SIIPL:SOSIIO 0700:IF HOKO THE! 0500 8590

052. 0000 0514 summon 0520 IF SHPLOTIIHO' MO TRHHOKO THE! SOSIIO

0500:IF 030K1 THE! SOTO

0030 IF TOPL(K1)=!1 O! TOPL(!2)=!1 THE ! SOTO L2 0540 IF PLOY=K2 THE! 0720 0550 SOSIIO 5950:IF O(H,H1) (HIGH 0! (PL O!O H=!1 OIO O(H.H1)=OIO(PLOY-K2 )ll1) THE! SOTO L2 “so IF navzu a» mum mu xzxm com ”50 357. IF puwzu HIE! com L2 0500 GOSH! 5’00:H3=H1 0590 IF O(H,H1))HISH THE! C1:O(H,H1):H OV=KI

2:H1:SOTO 0000 0700 H3=H3—K1:H=H3:IF H=KO THE! 5050 0705 SOSHO 5910:IF H=K0 THE! 5950 0710 SOTO 05,0 0720 IF TOP5(5IIPL,!2))KO OI! TOP‘HSIIPL. (1):!O THE! SOTO L2 0725 IF TRIIl':K0 OIO TIN“ OIO PLOVOK 3 THE! SOSIIO 9350:IF TOP(!EEO THE! SOT O

0730 IF TOPS(SIIPL.K1))!OTHE! SOSIIO 59 50:IF OlH,H1))OIO(PLOV-K1) THE! TOPL(Z

):!1:RETIIR! 0740 SOTO L2 0750 IF TOP:KO THE! 7500 0755 SOSIIO 9350:IF TOP):!EEOTHE! 9100 0757 SOTO 7500 0750 SOSIIO 0400:SIIPL:S:IF TRIHQZKO OHO MTHZ) OKO OIO SOMIHZ) THE! SOSIIO 0 050 0755 IF (TOPS(SIIPL,K1) (:TOPS(SIIPL,IZ) O!O

TOPS(SIIPL,!1))KO) OI! TOPSTSIIPLJZ)

THE! TOPL(Z):!1:SOTO 5050 0770 OPL:SIIPL:SOSIIO O700:IF HOKO THE! SOTO L2 0000 IF TOP)K1 THE! SOSIIO 9400:SHPL=S 0010 IF SIIPLOTRIH' THE! 0020 0015 SHPL:I!T(IT!O(O)H40K1):IF SIIPL:T0 Ill? THE! SOPL=I!T(R!O(O)*!4+K1) =KO

IIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIlIiiiiiiiiii 0020 071:0001=50500

9700zxr

0:00 1050

0015 0030 01:01051000 0050 0001z9=001:50sn0

9700:15

0:00 105

0700 9115 00001:00115 :5010 9130 9120 0:01:0:000

9700:0:0-0:Ir 0()00

I 051000

9130 50500

0000 15 1005100012),01)01000(000(Z).02 1)00 1050 5001:000121:051000 0900 0:01:0z040:15 0:05 1050 0:01:0z-0

PL=TRHHP:G010

09.5 cPleIlPl:GOSIlI 97.0:IF Ktl. TIE. n:0-0:01:02:051000 091. GOSIII S?izlf 01)0(0.01) "IE! IIZII -0:01:02:051000 0920 0:0-0z5010 070. 0950 0900 0970 0900 9000 10

50000 5910

IF ctn.xl)>IIGH THEN RETHII lzx-l1=IF R=l0 IRE! GOTO L2 5010 0950 T0P=K0=F0l D=Kl 10 K4=F0i N??l=l1

K2:10PS(D,MRK)=KO:IEHTMHz-SIT

D=0=53=D=K2=N0RK=K1=IF H>KZ TIE! '=“KZ 9010 0:0-K1=IF C<=l0 THEN RET??l 9020 IF HQRK=K2 THE! HQRK=KI=H=I'° 9030 15 0510.0)=" “ THE! 9010

0:04 1050 0:—x3:n:000

1050 90

9170

00001:02 1050 0 9140 00001:00001001:15 0001:00:5010 0700 9150 15 0:01 1050 0:03:0:000:5010 9130

9100 5010 12 9350 IF 0:000 00 0:050 1050 0550:0000: 5010 9370 9300 0550:00—u 9370 15 0:01 00 0:03 1050 0550=0550—0s :5010 9390 9300 0550:0550-50

9030 50900 9500:15 03:01 1050 9920 9040 15 c3<>01av 1050 9940 9050 0:013 9000 0:0(n,01:15 0510.0):? " 1050 9000 9070 If c)x13010000—013 000 0(:013*100 00 1050 9900 9000 0:0—01:11 0:00 1050 9940 ,89. 6010 9.6. 9900 15 01010100-019)0 1050 9000 9910 01:0:000:0:05:01:001000 9920 IF 10011z1:01 00 (0101:04 000 000 =Z) 1050 9940 9930 05:0001:0001:10007:50500 5900:sup

339.

IIETIIRI

lI!Il3Ii?in?Illlml?nilnllmll?ill?BMEl

|l051nalan0n000511050505000035505000

1050 100:100001x1005(

9000 15 010.0):0

101110-01)1013)101,00001:100501011(0-0 1)/013)401.0000)10115010 9010

321;

100 220 400

3240 5730 3249

11 13003 10 17501

"’ 135°. ’50 1°33‘ 1010 1189‘ 1.3. "1‘ 1000

2'2'

1490 925° 4091

2200 2290 ’7'7 2500 12490 2533 4757

25‘0

2575

259.

7"2 55.1 5.17

2003 4025 2010 1479 302° 192° 3050 12310 3070 5427 3100 0475 3130 7953 3150 4507 3190 12294 3200 571° 3210 0437 3230 10773

325.

56.1

4020 4045

3020 4455

‘12.

586‘

4150

2951

4300 4330 4500

2927 5522 3251 5140

421. 42l0

2,3,

91 g 0342 14 10190 17 13400

120 300 420

5720 3254 3520 1°55

’1‘ ’79 1'3’° 1375 1'2' 104° ‘3’7 2000 15570

203'

‘2'°

2902 23°' 1125 2530 17591 2534 4741 2270

255. 255. 25.1

‘703 55.7

3793 2004 0350 3000 13207 303° 2’09 3055 4429 3.0. 5321 3110 5457 3140 5‘4' 317° ‘327 3194 1375 311° 123’7 3220 10457 3235 1375

‘...

3.23

4030

2907 “544

‘10' 413. 4100

422. 425. 431. 4340 4510

2,23

3712 5070 2331 5°72 3255 10170

3 5021 10 10000 15 13092 20 14010 200 3251 320 5740 500 1375

I 4530 4240 | 4500 4720 4020 10420 4050 1052 4920 3074 5010 15000 5010 5003

1°35‘ 55’7 1°25 5°'1 1050 "5‘

5°" 1733' 5.55 ’2" 5'°' 11"7 5"' 1372.

2010 19007 225‘ 5211 2200 1307

5"'

’5' *°'°

231.

2532 2035

25°. 25,5 25'2

2000 3010 3°40 3000

3"' 312. 315. 31“

3190 3214 3225

32‘9 4.1.

1"'

5400 5100 3001 3103

5010 0100

2920 7004

0300 0391 532° 1'°21 0410 11150 0440 7913

5’5°

7200 3207

3004

6800

3572 1920

‘84‘

"°‘ 5092 112" 7521 7"'

512'

“"

7‘25

0790 7717

3'°7

55°' 1122’

373, 03‘1 4’ 7

5"° 5°"

0415 1375 1375

7030 1432 752° 5090 7540 11493 7552 ’51“ 7570 1165. 7600 016'

4350 4520

2935 3240 3201 4245

423. 425. 432‘

5930

1007

4535

4200

4040

‘11' 41‘.

2,43

3004

5940

0210 531° 0400 0420

3523 4930 3241 2947 4549

5°" ‘557° 5'°2 "31 5095 37°° 5120

”7

0000 0030

555’

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FeMumy7986 ArAR/USER 37

ONCE again printing deadlines

have defeated my good intentions. I promised last month to review Worm in Paradise and although the game is probably, as you read this, the best selling adventure out for the Atari, I have unfortunately yet to receive a copy to review. Never mind, as a special treat for Level 9 fans intend to do a feature on the full trilogy. So next month prepare to enter the silicon dream world of

Level 9.

have, however, been able to keep the other half of my promise and review Asylum from Screenplay, not a company have come across before. This is a translation of the original from the TRS 80 (the what?) and Apple. First of all, let me explain that the Asylum in question is designedforthe likes of you and (and not before time for some of us) where adventurers are sent to recuperate and at the same time try to escape to the real world. You are not alone in this enterprise as behind the multitude of doors in this complicated maze structure lurk your fellow inmates, all eager to assist or obstruct orjust plain irritate. l

‘

useful additions to the normal adventure game. You can list out the vocabulary to see if you are barking up the wrong tree, and the availability ofan abbreviation single keystroke for commands such as lock and unlock save many a nasty case of typist's

simple but effective grey walls of the maze to the cartoon—like features of the other loonies entrapped. Movement is in two forms, either via the cursor keys to manoeuvre

finger. Finally, there

is a slide show feature which allows you to witness screens from the game, although this will not be of too much assistance in solving the game. Overall this is the most playable have yet come graphic adventure across and at £9.95 represents very good value. Also in the very good value stakes

around

the extremely complicated maze, or by the more traditional text parser for opening doors and collec— ting objects. has

game

good authentic

feel as you plunge around the corridors. You can barter with or ignore your fellow prisoners. It also has some interesting and 4,

ll ‘ ‘H" ll I

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AA“ £,,‘39'5;T~/’4‘951"/l’ ‘?llur ,/ ”Hf/1,1”, / in" f);¢,// “f/ffI ; ,;;,!-;/ « ,,,,. it t,

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February

”11“,v/gAé/i/ //,’./{{/’/"

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38 ATAR/ USER

’

7/2/70 \ ' I az; / g/ '—,(——-—_9:=

$2; a} Jj‘ \ ,

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The game is a graphic adventure, and the graphics vary between the

The

Opera House, from Bignose Software, a spooky tale ofan aspiring Pavarotti whofinds that the theatre of

’.

‘

his dreams lies derelict under the curse of The Phantom. In order to avoid the ignominious return to the chorus line the hero has

to banish

theatre,

the Phantom

tough task

as he

from the turns out

to be an elusive chap with a tendency towards clobbering you overthe head if you let your guard drop for a moment. The style of the game is verb/noun with a screen layout in the image of the early Scott Adams adventures, Progress around the locations at first is easy with plenty to explore and lots of objects tojuggle with. Leaving the Opera House is problematic however, as you then have to locate the Phantom’s lair, and there is only one way back in. abounds in the game, Hu‘mou'r act role, espjeCiilly t e ifyoultrtho an usua p ay Ignoseouttlhe on obwous verb/noun commands IS there. '

m sure

they only included a Window for one purpose. It gives the impression that the game has been written by adventurers for adventur_I

ers

as an

rather than exercise programming skill and technique, and is all the more playable for that. At £5.95 for the cassette and £9.95 the disc the game is excellent

va'ueScott Liddle, among others, has

—————————_—Adventuring been having a bit of trouble with the screening door in Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy from Infocom. In view of last month's furore, shall not reveal the full answer. Suffice it to say that when you have demonstrated enough grey matter then the door will allow you to progress. It knows what the score is. If you are having trouble amassing points in HHGTG try being kind to animals, or being a bit of a boozer.

. .

ON to

ridding yourself of unwanted

month

are maps of

use; up

thought of User Tshirt for free

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try reflect's

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to progress. You may also find lUSt a needle rin:re a gha" aysta 0 k When YOU Shed. Thanks for V328" the I'm sure yon wil'; ht'PS, ave Elmo". e'Ped some one 30 mewhere With those. '

solution:

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complet d games

_B"'mmgham, a previo’ Winnef' has sent mzs glitch comp'ehensive annel 8 5 Golden map of C71 Baton So YOU are ca-se having the Gorgon, préblenl'n W'th

Please send those glitche g_ apart from "fr It is9993 the anything9,63 ‘e' adventure w me" 0" their toes_ F1" instance, did anyo the 3,33 "Otice that Level 9length,e gave ty ?ffmee mput analyser in th: "f for R ed Moon w CON“ occasiOnally up strange Message? 1dual-“Md the? useful sub

com—

hints

simo? Ashford

thela!“ol‘mvcurrentstock N” the -Is

pany. If that rings any bells then it should also help you throw some light on the subject. That 5 all for this month. Remem— ber need lots of glitches especially and next month is a an Infocom one .

weightier

Where have all the matt slit 7:3es 9°"e? Last

Every little helps. For those of you stuck in the vast expanses of Zork I, a little light— fingered assistance might help you to go to work on that egg. Also that black book may be a mass of help in

’

ess

—

sci—fi

with

special

Level

Happy

adventuring.

COMPETITORSWERENOT WAI TING-FOR... THEPRODUCTOUR A

The True Multr Standard

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Street, Exeter. Devon EX4 7AP Tel:(0392]

213355

“F" F'm?"

conditions'|:’t:§e|r|struchons

Made in Britain February

7986 A'TARI USER

rlght

target

sf «(eyes

you've

ever

fancied

your

chances as a jet pilot, then Fighter Digital lntegration’s Pilot should appeal to you. This aircraft simulation puts you in the pilot's seat of an USAF F15 Eagle jet fighter, with options to allow straight— forward flying or air to air combat with enemy ?ghters. From a menu of optionsyou may choose to start yourflight from take off position or landing approach. My disastrous attempts at landing soon convinced me that it was much easierto optfortake off. Taking either of the combat options starts you off in mid—flight around 20,000feet. You may select combat prac— tice, where you are positioned two miles behind the enemy plane at approximately the same height. If you can keep tail on the enemy it will appear in your gunsights at a distance of one mile, at which point with a little bit of luck you can blast it out of the sky. In practice mode the enemy doesn't fight back, but with some experience you may like to attempt true air—to—air combat. With this option you will track the enemy with the help of your on-board computers before shooting it down. Be warned though, the enemy returns your fire, and it becomes a real dogfight. If you really want to live dangerously you can lob in crosswinds and air turbulence, not to mention a blind landing in foggy conditions. The screen display is excel— lent. The top section is the pilot's cockpit view, in which

you

see

learns the importance of 40 ATARI USER

February 1986

74 ‘2

mg” f‘

‘

» ‘g—

$125

3; 3

%%i

,? 3

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fi?‘

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information to help you gain some flying experience. The program also incor— porates one of the latest innovations aimed at thwart— ing software pirates — Lens— lok. For the uninitiated, this is a plastic lens that is folded and placed against the screen in order to read a security code. It is quite easy to use and

uncertain. The protected program will only run if you enter the code correctly, and a different code is generated each time the program is loaded.

there's

and

mode to

an optional tutorial helpyouifyou'reatall

HODGfUHY

developments

like this Wi" help to reduce

software piracy.

certainly

hope so because the program

authors deserve their just rewards. It's a fine program I

enjoyed it immensely.

David Andrews

0 a

MR MEN books, ugh! Besides

of Mr Men programs but

love them? I can appreciate

simplicity is how boring having to read

Well

them time and time again to

produced

Mirrorsoft

has Atari version of

«a

5‘

‘

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‘

“L.

,—

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, .

“$115:

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the highly—successful set of programs "First Steps with

always congratulated myself on my choice of Atari because such programs were not for it.

that their attractive, but

goo

my three-year-old. l was aware that certain lesser computers had versions

their obvious sexist bias, the story content never appealed to me. Why do young children

the horizon, the

runways on approach to lan— ding, and of course the enemy if you are in combat mode. The lower half is taken up by the instrument panels. There is quite a lot of detail to digest here and one soon

43?f'

may”

is}; as"

’

keeping an eye on the most important instruments. Quite often I found myself carefully holding a correct course while paying no attention to the fact that altitude was rapidly approaching zero. The cockpit view can be changed to display a map of the area on which can be seen the four runways and various navigation beacons, and so on. Any enemy aircraft in the area are also identi?ed if you are in combat mode. I must confess to being a flight simulator addict, and was particularly pleased with this program. The instructions are adequate, all the available options are described together with the instruments and controls, and there’s a little technical

—

‘g

the Mr Men". With fear I loaded them, dreading the possibility that the magic moments spend with my children learning Logo might be invaded by little fat men that had recently ruined the bedtime reading session. There are four games in the set. They feature Mr Greedy, Mr Silly and Mr Forgetful. The Great Ice Cream Hunt involves the child directing Mr Greedy around the screen to find a specially enormous ice cream. It gets harder both for the child and Mr Greedy as he collects ice creams. Decisions have to be made about which way to send Mr Greedy. This is similar to early Logo like activities and helps the child to grasp the concepts of direction while they control the computer. The game is fun and much I

to my surprise the little Mr Man is quite charming and seems well suited to the computer environment. Mr Silly's hat game is a simple matching activity. Mr Silly chooses a hat and the child has to find it on the shelves. Again it is fun, and the child who showed me how to operate it was quite content

playing the game for

considerable period. The colour and graphics are

what you would expect from an Atari game and the program loaded and ran without any difficulty. Mr Forgetfulhastoplaythe next two games. They are similartothe card gamewhere you turn cards over and have to remember where pairs are. The child has to match up pairs of socks, shoes, roller skates and the like. There are two rows of cupboards, six in each row, and the child directs Mr

St an d b y WI "th the msectmde I

IN Axis Assassin from Ariolasoft your task is to fight off

an army of insects which

quickly multiply and attack you in droves.

lt’s an interesting version of the well known arcade oldie Tempest. Each screen holds a 3D grid and your object is to move your “man" around the perimeter and in and out of the grid in order to fight off the approaching enemy.

Battle

begins after the

Master Arachnid sends out a Spinner to weave strands across the grid. With an unlimited amount of ammo you must try and see off the meanies sent after you by firing at them down the corridors.

They take the form of Drones, Spores and Xterminators and each has an individual mode of attack and its own points system. You have to try to destroy enough of the enemy to make the Master Arachnid re—appear. When he does you can zap him with a pulse bomb. Alternatively you can race on to a faster more ferocious Hunters,

screen. lf you choose to zap the Master and succeed you enter another mode which is rather like an Asteroid game. This time you have to rescue a fellow Assassin who has been captured and lies imprisoned in a central box

Forgetful to look into a cupboard. One ofthe pairwillbeinthe cupboard, and the child has to find

the other

the computer both at home and in school, providing the child with simple matching and pre—reading activities. They do this in a fun way. It is good to see that thoughtful educational principles have been adhered to and that at last the little fat men have a useful task to perform.

half while

accumulating

knowledge

about what's

in the other cupboards. This matching activity is extended to letters in the next game. The Mr Men set of programs from Mirrorsoft are really good for young children. They providearelevantuse for

They might leave story bOOkS alone,

it-

althoughldoubt Alan Coode

causes

along with the Master. Shoot away enough of the box to allow you to get in and you can attempt, within a set time limit, to rescue your comrade without touching the walls of the box or the Master himself. To add to your troubles the

‘,"

.'-‘

‘

at;

‘

5°51,

’

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otherinsectsfloattowardsyou like asteroids. Contact with anything means annihilation. If you can rescue your colleague you are awarded an extra man. Fail and you lose one. Either way you move on to the next grid to start the battle over again. There are three levels of play and 20 different grids, each increasing in difficulty. Handily you can start at any you want, which removes the

necessity

ploughing

through earlier screens once you find them too easy. However you would be well advised to start on the earlier screens on the higher levels. The game kept me interes— ted for a while but lacked the variety to make it really addictive. The graphics are acceptable but not up to the Atari's capabilities all the characters and scenery are based on wire frame shapes. —

It’s

one

of Ariolasoft's

Mid—Price series so the disc will only set you back £9.95, with the cassette costing £2 less.

David Andrews

p r Ice of IT seems that every second

computer

wargame

that

arrives from the States now is besotted with the German Wehrmacht, and this new release from Strategic Simu— lations is no exception. How— ever

this minor

criticism

w ar

ofthis crack German force

as it attempts to stem the Russian advance on the Eastern front. You are given the option to either enter a saved game or start a new one choosing from one of five scenarios. Each is set on the Eastern

Should in no way deter any one

front

from buying Grenadier.

German offensive of1941/42 has ground to a halt, and the Russian Steamroller has begun to gain momentum. The first scenario, Bridges over the Lutchessa, is an ideal introduction for the novice player. You can select a level of play from one to three which

Panzer

The Panzer Grenadiers of the Second World War were an elite mobile infantry force, trained to move with and

support armoured

the powerful divisions of the

German army. In this program, Roger Damon sets out accurately to simulate the desperateactions

after

the

massive

February 7986 ATARI USER

—_Software caters adequately for begin— ners and experienced players alike. SSI has moved away from the normal wargame screen format and given us a very good smooth scrolling terrain map with all features such as woods, ridges, roads and rivers very well depicted. .

Troop types

are

repre—

sented by easily—recognisable icons, and all orders and moves are given via the joystick, which helps play-

ability. Play is broken down into phases which cover movement and firing for both sides, with a victory phase at

the end which gives an assessment of your overall

BEING the first Atari ST adventures had encountered, was full of glee when asked to review The Lost Kingdom of Zkul and West. They are both text adven— tures and are produced by Talent Software, better known for their contributions to the Sinclair 0L range. The first thing that struck their

size. Zkul weightsin at 73k but West isa smaller 49k. Talent tell me that West is purely an intro— dUC?O” IO adventuring. Be that as it may, it is really very small compared to what it could have been on the ST. Both games have loading screens. To say they are spectacular is an understate— ment. They have to been seen to be believed, leaving 8 bit screens way behind. They are both colourful and detailed, staying on the screen until you press a key, at which point the main game loads. Let's look at West first. The vocabulary is reasonably large but mostly found it limited to two word entry. The plot involves tracking down bank robbers and duly killing them, before taking the money they stole back to the bank. During this time,you will find yourself being promoted to sheriff. The game plays fairly well as far as it goes—it really isfor I

42 ATARI USER

February 7986

5.51

I‘; E

rate Panzer Grenadier quite highly. The game is well packaged, and has a well—written, easy to follow instruction manual. The program is strong both in graphics and playability. However find it hard to come to terms with a £35 price tag. Also there is no provision for the creation of your own

E E:

Siam '

1131; g $1

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scenarios,amajordrawbackln

“at

Ill...“

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game of this type.

John Minchin

Q wt,

was

1“ I

As is usual in SSI games, opportunity is given at the end of each turn to save the game.

Jey?”

play.

eight

—-—————

adventurers

Law”; ,4,f

‘

“7’vaa;

find

as much treasure as possible and return with it to a 7 hut in the great forest where "13. ix“ in :,5 your friend Eldomir waits for you. The scenario goes t h US: x9“ 5 151m! —k“fp?simrggw _-_Iwrx&£=1~"tgLong 390 there was a battle between humans and dwar— ////////// 1' ’;: ves. The latter won but took a?f?/ 43,2, «if: /" heavy losses and so lately there have been very few of /,’ f 4“ the little chaps around. The battle has lapsed into but it is said that in the 5.53, P legend q, domed city there is lots of loot. ,,f,,'f,f" f" ’ So you have been sent by your friend to find both city and loot. beginners. The biggest prob— lem is that it is in real time. When you do see dwarves Nice idea, but if you cannot they don't wait around long. type quickly then you can find They can be useful, but it's up to you to find out how. yourself dead as the robbers shoot quite fast and don’t wait So far have mapped about for you. half of the game and believe Anyone who has played me, it's a very big adventure to adventures before might get play. bored with West. The idea ofa If you get stuck just wait a western adventure is quite a bit and sometimes the com— good one but the plot didn't puter will offer you a clue. quite gel for me asthere didn't However it takes points off seem to be an objective. your score in payment. However if you have never There is the standard help and a health command which, played a Talent adventure before then it's a good idea to when entered, tells you the condition of your character play West just to get used to their system. very neat. Zkul, on the other hand is Zkul is quite complex but not so much that it is quite different. The idea is to ,

’

/////'

T5, ,

4’

—

impossible to continue without solving a problem. Be wary of trap rooms, but quick thinking can usually produce a way out of them. If you get stuck in a room with shrinking walls a bit of mathematic progression on a certain word might help you out of it. _

strange

man

appears

occasionally and takes all your treasure. To get it back you have to find his lair. A strange thing about this adventure is that it does not give you directions in certain places, which makes mazes a real headache. This does add a touch of reality, for you lose your sense of direction in real mazes too. T h e r e a r e p e n t y of locations to wander about and problems to be solved, which combine to make a pleasant adventure that takes a fair while to crack. Zkul is notforthe novice but West is. The combination makes a good starter pack for novice adventurers. It's quite a fair package forthe average ST owner and is worth buyingjust for Zkul. With West included, at 1324.9 5 it makes an attractive buy to anyone. I

Jed Glover

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LEN GOLDING shows how to keep your precious data safe , from Basic s ruthless

65535

-——-

BaSiC ROM

management

40960

Addresses which do not have RAM chips installed (32k and

lei'iTi‘f‘Lnfif’l'yln

RAMTOP (106) With <48k installed

—

SAVMSC (88'89)

in Size

advanced most THE Atari's features all involve storing lists of numbers in an area of memory be accidentally which cannot

aflcording to graphICS m°de)

erasgger'rnzvsti’lle—“QTatpiri‘c-s

—

_—_

—

— _

—

Unused RAM'

—

any —

—

“T

"‘

‘

DUST

(560561)

HIMEM (741,742)

MEMTOP‘l144,145) < APPMHl

—

_——

Hunt'me StaCk

(14,15)

—

ftfnf/irriyffa__

Statement table (Basic program typed in by the user) —

—

——-

—

—-_——

—STMTAB (136,137)

Variable value table _

‘

“

“f“ var'ablf naTe tabli

general airpo—se 1792

buffer Page 6 RAM

1536

——————————-—r

Display list

re '

defined character sets require data tables. Custom graphics modes, DLIs and scrolling techniques need special display lists. Page flipping needs space for the extra screens. Vertical blank interrupt and other machine code routines requrre a safe envnronment to work in. Basic does its own memory management, which means that it will cheerfully wipe out anything beyond its ken. This article explains several techniques for making sure your safe areas stay that way. First, a quick review of how memory is organised when you IS 3 Simplified swrtch on. Figure memory map which shows how the address Space of a 48k machine looks

‘

_‘

‘—

—__

and

RAMTOP (106) With 48k installed

RAM holding current screen data (varies

Moveable boundary

49152

memory

Fixed boundary

03 ROM inc'uding that used by ANTIC POKEY, PIA and GTlA

by the system operating

RAM used

0000

Figure I: Simpli?ed memory map February 1986 ATARI USER

at power-up with a Basic program in place and no peripherals attached. The high end of memory from 40960 onwards is occupied by ROM, while the first five pages of low memory - O to 1535 — are reserved for use by the operating system. A 256 byte data buffer starts at 1792, then Basic begins to build

various tables which change size as programs are typed in. Your program itself is contained in a block called the statement table. It starts immediately after the variable value table and grows upwards in a single continuous block, moving up or down in memory as the tables below it expand or contract. Data for all the strings and arrays are placed at the end of the statement table, followed by a small buffer used as a stack to serve FOR . NEXTand .

GOSUB commands.

The high end ofuser RAM contains current screen data and the display list. This area grows downwards as graphics modes with hi her RAM requirements are selectgiedduring program execution. Needless to say, any foreign data in Basic’s path gets wiped out. With everything moving around like this, it would be very risky to put your precious data just anywhere. Fortunately there's plenty you can do to keep things secure. A “page” of computer memory is 256 bytes long, so the sixth page of your computer’s memory stretches from 1536 to 1791.This is supposed to be an automatically safe area, since it is not used by the operating system and is below the address where Basic programs start. Unfortunately the first 128 bytes are used to hold the data overflow Whenever an INPUT statement collects more than 128 characters. This does not happen very often, but you need to watch out for the possibility and, if necessary, provide software protection. The second half of page 6 is totally secure, but of course is only 128 bytes long. Several regions are set aside

automatically by the operating

system for use when information is being transferred from one place to another. If

no such

transfers

can

during program execution

occur it is as safe

to use these buffers storage areas. The two mostvaluable possible

46 ATAR/ USER

February 7986

the cassette buffer (1021-1 151) the printer buffer (960-999). They are particularly useful for data or routines which are used only once at the very start of a program, then discarded. For example, machine code routines to initialise pointers or set up data tables, or custom display lists for title pages. They can be used for longer term storage so long asyoursoftware seals off all access to the relevant devices for as long as the data need to be remembered. Basic keeps track ofall its tables by using a system of pointers. These are fixed memory locations which do not themselves contain raw data, but instead hold an address where moveable data can currently be found. There is one to show where screen data start, another pointing to the display list, others to show where are and

how many pages of memory are available. lf you subtract from the number stored in RAMTOP, then POKE it back in and execute a graphics command, the screen data and display list will move downwards by 256 bytes, leaving this amount of “spare" RAM above it which Basic 1

cannot see. You can save any multiple of 256 bytes in this way, so long as the display list is not forced to descend below the address pointed to by

APPMHI (14,15)This method is quick, simple and reliable, and is commonly used in magazine listings, but a quirk in the operating system reduces its appeal. Whenever you execute a graphics or a clear screen command, the first 64 bytes above RAMTOP are wiped out. Even worse, scrolling a text window may erase up to 800 bytesin the supposedly safe area, so watch out.

Changing HlMEM (741,742)

6 Basrc -

keeps track of all its tables by using a syStem Of pomters’ '

your Basic program and its various tables begin and end,and many more. Most pointers consist of two consecutive bytes. The first contains the low byte of the address it points to, the second the high byte. So to find the actual address you PEEK at both halves of the pointer, multiply the second half by 256 and add it to the first. For example, locations 88 and 89 point to the start of your screen display data:

SAVMSC + 256 ,

___

PEEK(88)

P EEK(89)

you POKE any number from 0 to 255 into this address it will be printed as an Atascii character at top left of the screen. if you select a different If

graphics mode, the address con— tained in SAVMSC will change to point to the new start of screen data. All the pointers work in this same general way. So although the various blocks of data set up by the OS must not be broken up in any way, it is possible to shunt them around in memory by altering their respective pointers. The easiest pointer to change is RAMTOP (106) which tells the OS

Will

let you reserve space just in front of the display list, and ensures that Basic will give an error message if your program grows long enough to

interfere.

You must leave enough space to accommodate all the graphics modes your program uses, othenNise screen data will descend during program execution and over—write your re— served area. Simply enter the mode which will take up most RAM and find the address contained in HlMEM. This is the last safe address you can use. Then work out how much memory you want to reserve, calculate where you want the safe area to start and POKE this new address into HlMEM. One pornt to remember when

changing either RAMTOP or HlMEM that net all computers are 48k machines. YOU cannot DUI a reserved

area Where no RAM is installed. For this reason, it's usual To make your program PEEK the pointer's initial value, then subtract a fixed amount and POKE the new value back. This means, Of course, that the reserved area Wiii OCCUDY different locations in different machines, so you can't specify absolute addresses within the safe area for Basic to PEEK and POKE- Nor can you use this method to store non—relocatable machine code routines.

But if

the easiest way of

-—————-—

Programming

ensuring that your reserved area a 1k or 2k boundary, so you can use it to protect PM data, display lists, character sets and the like. The bottom end of memory looks the same whatever your computer’s memory size, so if you reserve space by shunting MEMLO upwards you

sets, display lists and player—missile data, which need to start on 1k or 2k boundaries, since strings move around in memory and you can never predict where they will

gagapvrve?igzpremsely .

This opens up possibilities for absolute addressing,and allows large amounts of non—relocatable machine code to be stored. Several peripheral devices which need spcecial softwarfe; rives,starto todrivethem,saydisc by booting a short machine code t° ”as“ the“ bad program MEMLO' their driver software into the reserved .

Unfortunately you can't Simply W” “teaBasic p ro g ram to POKEanew address into MEMLO, Since this that would in effect tell the computer your Basic program itself had suddenly disappeared. If you want to alter MEMLO you really need to do it before your BaSlc ro ram is loaded‘and this means a pmaghinecode subroutine. Another problem is that SYSTEM .

Will set all RESET automatically pomters back to their default values. This isn’ta problem for those pointers which are reset within your Basic

‘

Basm automatically ensures that strings do "ct overlap eaCh

Other,

program, since they'll change back to the values you want every time the program is RUN. But for MEMLO the only solution is to trap the SYSTEM RESET routine, which again needs machine code. This is a bit beyond the scope of the present article, buta suitable program is given in De Re Atari. The Atari can handle strings of any length up to its memory size. There is plenty of scope for storing data tables and machine code routines so long as they are the kind that can sit anywhere in memory. Basic automatically ensures that strings do not overlap each other or any of the various tables, and you can always find any string by using the ADR function. They can't be used to hold things

finally settle. There are two common ways of getting data into a string entering it in literal form or keyboard ZSirt‘zjihhe 9 it from READ and DATA statements. The first is the easiest. Simply translate your numerica data into Atascii symbols, then type a program line with the symbols between double quotes: —

where the safe

space.

character

starts on

_i. 10 NM A$(5)-A$— (2<Pd _

This will store the numbers 40, 50, 60 80 and 100 in A3 There are two drawbacks to this technique. Firstl y th e ength O f a “term string is limited to what you can get on a about 106 single program line bytes: Secondly some characters are hard to store in literal form' the numbers 34 (double quotes) and 155 (end—of-line) need speClal attention, .

those

a1“?an e 0 screen nlénzbers along! e araclng C ANNCh '

$25

The

length problem

can

t ena t'n g v era l 5? ?verclome ltera stringsy.cortl1ca mt e usua I| way. b

10 DIM A$l10l,B$(5l 20 A$=“ABCDE":B$=”FGHIJ" 30 A$(LEN(A$)+1)=B$ 40 PRINT A$ By this method A$ can be made as as you like; it will still tuck itself safely away in memory with its first byte at ADR(A$).

long

Awkward characters area bit more tedious to deal with. Number 34 can be forced into a literal string after it has been typed: .

A$1((2’ ' 5g:§gggf}£NYT As ,

Control of acters such as 125 (clear screen), 28 (cursor up) and 253 (bell) can be forced into the string in the same way, but you won't be able to print them out unless you first disable the control functions by POKEing a non—zero number into address 766. CHR$(125) will then appear as the familiar "bent arrow, for example, instead of clearing the screen. Use this to check that the string is correct, then POKE 766,0 or

—

press Break to restore the control functions. The only number that can never be printed as a screen character is 155 (end of line). If you must have this number in a string, the only way to check it is by retrieving the string data in numeric form:

10 FOR X=1 TO LEN(A$):PRINT ASC(A$(X'X”:NEXT X The beauty of literal strings is that they put data straight into memory without wasting time and space on 6 loading routine. However typing long lines of a pp arentl y meanin 9 less

Large data tables

Ie a V e th e user hanging around fOl’ half a mlnute, can

symbols is not

job well suited for

is very and if, as likely, you make an error, it can be very difficult to find. . You can get round this problem by sin a loader r tine to b iId the Ewingfrom scraijcuhevery tilrjne the

human operators

program is run: 10 NM A$(6) 20 FOR X— ‘1 T 0 6 30 READ D:A$(X,X)=CHR$(D) 4° NEXT x 50 DATA 35,36,37,38,39,40 You can store any number without in this way, since you don‘t need to PRINT the characters on screen. The main drawback is the time it takes to build the string. Long machine code routines, or large data tables can leave your user

difficulty

hanging around for half a minute or more every time the program is run. You can sometimes get the best of both worlds by using a short utility program YO Wild 3 string from READ DATA Statmemsi then print in and it literal form so that you can enter it as a program line. Try adding to the program above: 60 PRINT “10° A$= "-CHR$(34)'A$-CHR$(34) ' ’ '

then RUN it. The new line 100 is all you need to insert permanently in your program. You can put numbers directly into arrays and matrices without the . February 7986 ATARI USER

P rogramming

—

bother of converting to and from Atascii symbols, and the entries can be changed easily without restoring to string manipulation teChhiClues, so it looks like an attractive option. The snag is that every number Will be stored as a floating 90th decimal, and use six bytes instead Of the one required for an Atascii character. Try to avoid this method unless it has special advantages in your particular

———————

32.The problem now

‘once -

be inserted as Atascii symbols immediately after the REM state— merit. For example: 10 REM a! @5% will store the numbers 97, 33, 32, 64, 53 and 37. Note that any space other than the one immediately following REM is interpreted as the number

FILM

cm!

settled into

place ,

same

length, statement length and the token for REM). So your data start at PEEK(136) + 256*PEEK(137) + 5. You cannot store more than about 112 bytes in this way, and the technique is relatively cumbersome. A REM statement will not occupy the same position in RAM for every program —that will depend on the size of the variable name and variable

VIDEO

safe.

You can use this technique during program development, espemally if your machine has lots of spare memory, but it's better to choose one

of the safer methods for the finished version.

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situation. Basic ignores everything after a REM statement, but will not over— write it. So if you store anything there it Will normally be quite safe. Data can

value tables. But once settled into a finished program it will stay in the same place no matter what the host computer's memory size, which could be an advantage sometimes. Finally we ought to consider the easiest option of all leaving data in the unprotected area marked “Free RAM" in Figure I. This puts the onus on you the programmertoensurethat things don't overlap, rather than leaving it all to the operating system. You have to work out the lowest address to which your screen data will descend during the program execution and the highest address of your finished Basic program. Any— thing in between should be relatively

is ?nding where

Basic will store it in memory. This can be done only if the REM is at the very start of your program. STMTAB shows where the first line starts, but there are five bytes to skip over before you get to the data (these hold the line number, line

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welcome. FR“ '" "K

and more of you out in Computer—User-Land have been buying Atari ST com uters, the kind 60 la at Am? Use, have to more

there

“2de

area

specral of_the magazine for your questions a n d p r 0 bl e m s w h e t h e r software or hardware related. Following my article on C and the ST in last month’s issue, have been putin charge

devote

of this new idea and been told to get on with it. I hope to answer your queries and generally ease your problems, to the best of my ability. I'll also include a hint section, so if you have any that you'd like to pass on, please write to me at: Atari User, 68 Chester Road, Hazel Grove, Stockport SK7 SNY'

ANDREW is

—

especially for and

therefore make it

able

With

problem connec— ting two. monitors, however, is far to overcome. more. difficult Normally the first a is thing program does to look for which type of monitor is and then take connected the appropriate action, such as allowmg more .

colours. The WI|| look for software only one kind and Will stop of monitor looking it finds one. it Will .

when Therefore the other even ignore monitor though it is connected.This problem will even occur the it a veryWith desktop: Sincfe e o a iséjéi's/t arge examp program. The overall problem therefore lies not with the hardware, which can handle two but With the monitor’s, software, which can t. You could 90 h alfvvay and connect both monitors by a special cable, then turn one off and the other when you WIShed to Oh .

TWO mon’tO’S? The first problem this month comes from L. Groves of Swindon. He bought a SZOST with black and white monitor and has recen?y added a colour monitor to his hardware

change resolution, but the ST would almost 0" lock-up, certam'y crash, when you did this and you would have to reboot the system.

°°”e.°“°"' His

Printer problems

question, which Will be repeated by every new owner of an ST— and was by myself— is whether it

is possible

to make

cable to connect

both monitors at once. In theory this would mean that all three resolutions would be available on the Set Preferencesmenu and that a certain resolution would be displayed on the appropriate monitor. Let me try to settle this issue once

and

for

all.

you have ever looked at the monitor socket on the ST you will see that it has an incredible 19 holes for If

the monitor cable's 19 pins. Some of these pins are for a colour monitor and some for a black and white one. Making a cable that somehow connects both monitors to their respective pins would be difficult‘ but not impossible. Unfortunately the ST ‘looks' at a certain pin of the 19 called B&W Detect to see whether a black and white monitor is connected. If it is, it will ignore the colour monitor. You could overcome this problem With some simple electronics to make the ST think that the black and white monitor isn't connected when in —

One problem that will crop up again with the ST is that of printer compatibility With h°th the ST and its software_

of Gwynedd and Reg Kidsgrove have hOth written to say that they are having problems With the free word— processor STWriter. This is a stop— gap meant to WOW“ users With something until Atari releases the full GEM word processor in the near A-

Poole

future_ In the meantime, however, many of you have had problems using nOn—Epson or Atari printers with STWriter. Two which seem to occur most often are printing certain characters such as E and using the printer's special capabilities such as con— ~

-—

densed text.

Although use an Epson printer with my ST, believe the solution to the first of these problems is to include in your text a Control—O followed by the PRINTER code for the required character. You may also need to send a Control-O sequence to change I

regldar

character sets beforehand. The be solved second problem can a Ite n n 9 th e fi e ca ed by ’XYZZX.TXT" on your STWriter disc. of the file on to another Make a copy disc and then load it into first STWriter. The explanationsfollowing I

the *s are simply comment lines and tell you what immediately follows. The codes that must be necessary the printer to turn on the sent-to requrred mode then follow a code for each line followed by a Return. If you change the required codes and then save the file as you would normally, you should be able to use all —

Hlnt section _

opening and hgyfectieen 502,219 ones to find a particularprogram ’, you ma y Iik e t 0 k now that you don t have to close the director wind OW every “me you change hiscs First open a directory Window as normal. Next change the disc“ the drive and then press Esc oncen The new directory will now be read in and will replace the old one on

the screen.

and again

Williamson

of the Atari

users

monitors. to use both The biggest

Problems

beglns

column fact it

BENNETT

features Of printer. |f your of-the Y‘OUT printer hts a certain feature that the Epson printers don t have, then you ca" °”e °f the EDS“ °°de _

reP'ace

sets W'th one Of For example,

your own.'f your can printer colour doesn t have the change bu.t P'Ca character Slze' then can Y?” the codes for Enter Pm] and replace EX” P'Ce to the codes for Enter Red

and Ex“ Red. YOU WOUId then use the Control codes for Pica in your files, ”OW they Will Change the

bet

print—out CO|0UF-

That's it for this month. Don’t forget, if you've aquestion you'd like answered or you have a hint that you've discovered after many hours at the keyboard, then write to me atAtari User. I also want to hear about the kind of ST articles you’d like to see in the future and what languages and other software and hardware you own.

0 Keep the questions rolling and /'/l see you next month. February 7986 ATAR/ USER

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protected against the system key but pressing this key

LAY

reset

results in the loss of

THIS program provides an inter— rupt driven 12 hour clock which will appear in graphics Mode 0 at the top right hand corner of the

display. In

modes

other

it will

displayed at the top right hand

ofthe text window if one is present. The clock is constantly dis— played but will be momentarily destroyed—for1/50th ofasecond

corner

—

by any

scrolling. It

screen

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VARIABLES

T Ex“

CHECKSUM

so.

It is possible to turn the clock a zero to location 1789 and it can be turned back on by POKEing any other value. Once the clock has been set it can be reset by running this program again and the user may continue normally. The only point to watch is that page G is not used as the clock routine is stored here.

HOURS gode.

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February 7986 ATARI USER

Come

“5 3‘ d see

“Ow anomvuwa 0

do“ THE AT'““ “0 tel L0“ Novowl “i Ma rch i“ e Sih ‘0 7‘“ 32

stand

PAGE 6 is

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Magazine that

P?wwww

Independent Users

£16.00)

Mailbag in Mike Rowe's for his Comdocumentation puter Countdown program in the December 1985 issue of Atari User, he reports that he found a bug while using his version A Basic cartridge which he attributes “to the

fault. The culprit is in fact the GET command. Bill Wilkinson, of Optimized Systems Software, identifies the problem in ”The Atari Basic Source Book"from Compute! Publications. The GET statement does not reinitialise its buffer pointer, resulting in corruption if used after a statment which has changed the system buffer

pointer. In Mike's subroutine

program

the

at line 300

con—

tains a GET (at line 370) . followed by a VAL (at line 340). The first time through there 's no problem, the buffer

pointer has not been prior to the GET, it .

changed changes

when the VAL isfirstexecuted. However on subsequent calls to the routine GET will not reinitialise the buffer pointer and the result is that VAL apparently corrupts the input. Mr Wilkinson suggests a simple solution of using a statement such as DUM— MY$=STR$l0I or PRINTing

Limited I WOULD like to see something more educational for my children in Atari User, also ideas on putting and getting characters on graphics screens.

In the December

1985

issue, you talked about the infamous math lock-up. Well

being

sufferer

of this

prob/em forabout 71 monthsl was concerned about the guarantee running out on my 800XL so I telephoned the Atari dealerin SE England who sold it to me.

’

—

‘

VAL Is not

VAL“

“mew” WW” apparent/y does not operate correct/y after using it once". I would like to clarify the actual cause of this problem. The VAL function is not at

I NOTE that

ullt

— any number before executing the GET. Either of these statements correctly resets the buffer pointer. Another solution is to use the statement X=USR

not if YOU end up With a number of complaints about the product.

IftheRevarob/em,andits solutions,

is not clearly iden-

tified then the Hotline and to get plenty

(ADRl”hLOZ"))lZis/NVERSE} Shops are going of questions. which effectivelyJSRs to the

buffer initialising routine in the floating point ROM package

which GET omits. Incidental/y, LOCATE has similar problems, as this state— ment cal/s GET. The bug was present in Atari Basic RevA (the original cartridge} but was corrected in the later B and C revisions. The version of Basic can be

determined .

by PEEKing .

location 43234. ReVA gives 162, Rengives 96 andRevC gives 234. One last comment on Atari Basic. I presume all these 800XLs which are currently . . . being offered in bargain packages contain the RevB Basic with its built—in bugs (the infamous 16 byte addition to each SAVE. . J. I hope Atari or someone is notifying purchasers of these XLs that the bugs exist and ways around them. It’s all weI/andgoodtograb alargersliceofthe market, but

I wonder how many people in Boots, Laskys and Dixons can explain the situation? Final/y congratulations on the Baht/?lled publication Of Atari User. / [00k forward to new series replacing the coneluding graphics and display list articles. Would it bepossible to print a feyU/af, Gomprhen-S‘iVe user group listing? . Mentions of one or two groups have been made in the Mailbag, but I’m sure it would be beneficial for aIlA tarians to see a detailed IiSt.

I 'm certain there are many . who are looking for local groups and would welcome such a page. Allan J—

Palmer, Basingstoke.

0 Thanks for the information on the GET command. We hope to publish a comprehensive list of user groups in the future. Your fears about the Basic included in the ”bargain"

on-scroon [was told that this problem occurred if one did too much on-screen editing. lread the article from your magazine, but no offer was made-to change anything. l was told it was a design fault and that it was dif?cult to cure. I would have to live with it. As I try to write a lot of programs and invariably get them wrong, I do a lot of on—screen editing. I therefore felt this was not a very satisfactory answer.

800XLs may or may not be well founded, we can't say at the moment.

editing I decided to telephone the Atari Help line. They confirmed that there was a problem, but again no offer was made to change anything. What they did offer was that if I senta disc or cassette to them they would put on it for me Basic Revision C software, which WOU/d he/p solve the problem. They did also mention an alternative answer ~ the pur— chase ofBasicXL which would also solve the problem. R.J. -—

Hodgkins, Gillingham.

some

Certainly

recently

acquired 800XLs in our office all arrived with Rev C Basic, SO let’s hope the bargain machines are similar.

The Bells lGlVE upllthought lknew my 8OOXL keyboard but try as /

may/can’tproducethe special character on line 9702 of your Esmeralda game in the Jan”ary issue. Just what is that ?rst item of data? it's certainly given me the hump! Gre 9 B arton, _

Crawley Sussex . The offending. character

should be a 4 and once again W 9 pl ea d innocence Th e original artwork was ?erfect (of course) and the g |' itch occurred in the prin tin 9 p r ocess

we"; mixin

the sand 3 n d ?h e t er s prm. t t h' a, Exercoal ogies t's o v?r}, a rus mt'mitz ra e bell-a'po ringers. .

cement

Loadlng technique _

m... 800XL with

a recorder

and quite a number of tapes and software. From the ’ had _be!7”7h’h9 trouble loading m?3t_°f my _

programs, and

th’”k’”9 my

recorder was at fault/ “70" {t back to the shop and had ”

replaced. I 5h” hhd that/ cannot load any cassette, ”0 matter how I

closely. follow “0/75 91W?" 1"

the

.instrucmanual

theAtari

9'Ve'7 W’th any those cassette.

_0’

”id/V’dU?’

can t understand

th’s' 3”

__—___’ February 7986 ATARI USER

—__—_—_

now have a new

recorderand I don't think my computer is at fault as l have carried out all

Reason for

the error

the audio and visual tests and

everything appears to be in perfect working order. Every cassette/load gets as far as the “ready"stagebut as 300" as I press play on my recorder and Return on my I get “BOOT computer ERROR” and “MEMORY TEST" on the screen. This happens With every One Of my numerous cassettes and I am just about ready to smash the lot against the wall. I hope

you can help me.

TYPED in the program Canvas on my Atari 800XL, from your October magazine. When / tried to run the program it went to the graphic screen and printed "Error 8 at line 2070". Please can you tell me what is wrong with the program?— Robert Harvey, Cowplain, Hants. 0 Guess what you've made a typing error somewhere, probably between lines 2070 and 2120. /

—

Patrick McDonald, Lisburn,

Co Antrim. 0 it sounds as though you are trying to load commercial tapes, many of which require 36510 to be |0Ck9d out

-_ Although the loading mSthCtlonS

for beg'nners

may tell you to hold down START when you . SWitch on the machine, With an BOOXL you often need to .

WOULD like to know if

Ocean are thinking Of bringing out Street Hawk and D.T. Supertest, also could you recommend a good book for the beginner? Could you please tell me if my 800XL is OK?Afterl have

down and S_TA_RT this With a Try OPTlON_. few tapes—it may save YOU havmg to re—paper the wall! .

Gett'ng

saved a program a high pitched tone keeps going until / reset or press END. — M. Fryer, Wednesfield.

t one h

on GONG/TA TUMTIQNS your

magazrne, particularly the beginners section.

Irecentlyboughtan800XL

and disc drive andl appreciate the monthly disc. My ?rst attempt at typing in a long program, Maze Munch took nearly srx weeks to debug (all my own typing errors). [would be veryinterestedif you could publish addresses of user groups, as although / sent off my guarantee registration cards I have heard nothing from Atari, which / gather is not unusual, I would real/ylike to contact a group, and particularly other users in the North Gwentarea. With regard to Dean Rossit— ter’s letter in November, and your comments on writing an article on plugging the Atari into the outside world. Yes, Ian Mc— yes, yes please! -

—

Nicholas, Ebbw Vale. 0 We don't know of a user group in the North Gwent area perhaps one of our readers knows of one.

—

54 ATARI USER

February 1986

My local Atari

Ordem, has this title for £74.95, that's the same price

again, and is excellent value

CBM64 and some £25 cheaper than Mr (or is it Ms) Sunman talked about. I bought a copy myself and am very pleased with this excellent strategy game Apple version one side of disc, Atari version the other. — Mrs as the

for money. There have been a number of requests for good books for starting to program on Atari computers, possibly because of the poor manuals sent out with the XL range. There are dozens of books available, but you could do a lot worse than looking out the

—-

the latest Silica Shop list as a US Gold release at £14.95 for cassette or disc.

The XL Handbook (Century Publications) £6.95: A good book to take you from first

steps

up to some advanced topics.

835“:

quite

exper'ence

book to the above, Similar but covering less ground when it comes to the more advanced

Your

Atari

/ WAS sorry to hear that some of your more experienced ders ob'ected to space I . if? eing used for beginners. Well, I’d just like to say,

Computer

(Osborne/ M CG raw H ' ” £1635: A superb book for someone who has. perhaps mastered the very first steps, wants an tu— and excellent book With lots tonal/reference of all aspects of information on Atari programmingAmust for the serious programmer.

COULD you give me the title of how to use Atari Basic from the start, or where to get tuition on the subject. I was notable to get to grips with the Atari manual and subsequently / have not been able to use my micro to best effect. Could you tell me if Zoomsoft supply the software with Touch Tablet as it does not say anything about it in the advert in Atari User. Alan McGiIl, —

Maidstone. 0 There is

no problem if a machine carries on the high pitched tone after saving. Just hit Reset or type END or use a SOUND statement and it will go away. The Touch Tablet comes as standard with the Atari-Artist cartridge, allowing you to use it to the full. If you bought the package with the 1020 printer you also get a program which will allow you to get a paper print out of —

—

we’re not all budding geniuses

and being an ignorant housewife / find it very bene?cial.

Also my children, who are four and five years old can learn to type in with these Basic small programs.

In fact they

Watsons

Notes °" the An"

£121th?

sitiZShsfrssixfiegri

tin g from first

star—

steps and

up to

uahiy e grap movu/tg‘ eyen p ics,

”?r

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

T'?s' tetc.f' s 0 Fith Zterznswegsgjs p '

E XD l

Prestidge, Reading.

0 The game also appears in

following titles:

reasonably priced books

a book on

dealer

This package has only recently become available

sections_

hold

regarding Tigers in the Snow.

colours.

Easy Programming for the Atari Micros(Shiva) £6.951A

Books

your masterpieces in four

bring 2.13"; Making BaSIC work. Creative ra p hics Ad 5 vance‘ programming.

are very

good

now with all the keys of the keyboard and are enjoying

”7-838 dorgg O grve ashzrt hits} t t or t h e guy future generations Of 00"?— PUtef users. Euphemia Hain, UViHQStOH—

to intend continue catering for a as.Wide range Of users as POSS'bie-

Don't worry,

Hard 0"

Journey

However igtgonbe'mory. ' ave seen, a book Wh'Ch purchased, thmk other readers you "."°“!d ?nd useful, why not write m let everyone know about and 't' or

The

same applies,

you found. that a ‘f, b°°k d'd“ t W'th What help you you thought u WOUId' course,

Huntlng

ti 9 ers I WRITE in response to the letter published in the Decemher issue from C.R.J. Sunman

gerb'ls IN the August 7985 issue Of Atari User there was an article concerning the Ocean game Frankie Goes to Hollywood, which told us how great the game was going to be when it was released in “late summer". Well summerhas come and gone— / think—and the game hasn’t made an appearance in

Atari format anywhere, Although it's been OH! in other formats for ages. Where is it?! want to buy it. I've played the Commodore

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Mast-EQQ’Q': > gm?Qahg. tn"etc xtgm,~m§= gaq 0° kcm‘u‘l’ m'tmum'~q,5\a \0)|_ 3 E Q\Daq, £3“

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hgéaggg?qw?ggéggg £5 ow. m

§Nk<¢§>am?g\ m5“: messu sag-g";

Ms 0) 52mm: b>m>134< b“!_~°~>‘ 3-00 u b~'\0\-Q t 3 m~bmo ”EN-tunes?“ Mo» = “c: “Q w ‘°‘° EE~~754>3°’: EEQEQU‘“ 'LQ‘“Qk"\°®m®m"’kfo° — NN-h _ met mkmé" \\>§?°3>m u 50: EmOEc

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_——_——____

Atari User, compliments of my

ihpllt/Output command WhiCh

English relatives. / must say first and fore-

?WAQU N\°"b°9 @§@@ o

7.28.

impressed with the layout. Your articles make excellent reading, also your type-in

with em, gmup At present UL” membership

is around

150 and growing of library consists approximately 50 discs all our

have been able to list and

the ?les, but giving 000 sectors used and 000 unused. FM, programs Billiards, Cribbage etc made forthe400

Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, '

Canada, "95 “4" _

Tamlng the p I'illt?l’

Manager.

But / cannot access the character widths, set, charac— ter, etc as described in the manual. Please what am I doing wrong? My age is 65 (old codger). I do know a younger man (30ish) who sells TVs and micros and he is having the same problem. A second problem. We are encouraged to makea working disc Of DOS, but when i tried to make a working copy ofmy

Filing Manager I

get ”Format patib/e” using DOS /

incom— 2 or 3.

However using Atari Writerl 56 ATARI USER

February

7986

Of 'ts use, For an example see the Microscope program 50 Of our November 221123216 '

DlrECtory reader

ing to avoid the potential problem of piracy. unless badly treaHowever ted, a dISC ShF’UId last an

awfully, long time, shouldnt really "99d

so you 10 CODY

It.

"1'th _

YOU

?nd that the .

problem is one between modes. the 1020 manual, the best WHY to extra modes is

shifting

you check You Win ?nd access the to go into Graphics Mode (ESC ESC GUI-G), then change the $329, etc by f0||0WihQ the manual, a a and try sample by sending “he SUCh 351 P

(Text goes here

)

The P tells the Graphics Mode that some text to print follows, not more Graphic commands. Afterwards, you can quit Graphics Mode by using command 'A‘, and send normal text again. By the way, don't forget that your commands must be the first thing on a line, they cannot come after some text. Most commercial discs are protected against home copy—

ATAFll USER, along with other magazines, often reminds us, when and .quite rightly, that writing to advertisers for information about their products we should enclose an if reply.

S ea erdls? WdC'Jnggo e a bTUItty e 0 SA/Ewonwedwantfa er i you cou Id your zoull' remind advertisers that if replace it very quickly. they GOOd luck With are sent an SAE then areply IS FONVGFUHQ of expected, yourfamilyto Atari! the rest It nice to find we such a /f they don’t rep/y they can s have Wlde ra nge in ou r be sure that they have lost a a_ge two readership. sale, as there are only '

reasons/for are no anger nottre?llylng— ra mg or iZey ey

lingham.

MY 7020 printer will print standard upper and lower case from a command from Atari Writer and Home Filing

cannot.

experimenting. am now convert/n m daughter to Atari and sghe AZ putting her Sinclair Spectrum (cannot get on with it} up for sale. ~ E.C. Jones, Gil-

' ?re?ght-gs

Atari User Europa House 68 Chester Road Hazel Grove Stockport SK7 SNY

and.800 models, when loadmg mto XI models they stop domain and 700 MACE public the first discs. . afta/lloadlgng at appens is tpart} e irst part loads then the TV screen nenM/vadoizng/ssgn/gztggifrgi flashes and crashes. To for the 5208T public domain. then overcome this as soon as the Anyone or group can write TV flashes Reset then to us care of myself at the press the program to load address below. Harold continues this by 2630 Red dock normal/y. [discovered Warne,

Home

who

3105/1155;?ags/gangs1:23; p g

Mailbag Editor

Enthusiasts) group, / am also the disc librarian and program coordinator for my local Atari group ERACE (Essex Regional Atari Com uter Enthusiasts). I wouldplike to correspond with any Atari user group in

individual

no 1.'“..,....5,. ls The 18 IS Wh.‘Ch athfenpart needed ._ fir. thoggratiog 't t anfion replface alszngSE opera

—

(Michigan Atari Computer

about your WE welcome letters from readers experiences using the Atari micros, about tips you and about what would like to pass on to other users. you would like to see in future issues. The address to write to is:

programs are "17/0119, WhiCh brings me to the reason for writing this / 3/77 a mem letteg. 9’ 0 f MACE

the UK

can be used to fill an area of the screen between plotted

MVStery

their

command IBOUGHT

Atari 800XL

not interested in selling products, which is strange if they are paying for adverts in magazines. On a more are

yearagolastDecemberandon looking at some “?owed pamphlets, pretending to be instructions, was disappointed at the feeble effort whichAtari had put into exp/a/ning their machine. / hoped that the computer would not be so useless, and luckily it was not. I have now figuredout how most of the main commands work, but there are still some lesser known ones which / have never seen before. A fellow A tari user mentioned the X/O command. He said it was used to fill shapes in, but neither he norl knowhowit works, how to use it or even if there is such a command. I hope you can C. Macdonald, Paishelp. —

Iey. 0 Yes, there is an XIO 00mmand. It's a general

constructive

the DOS directory reader, December Mal/bay. be can performed much q ”’Cke’ by typing in direct

note,

mode: m mumm- u,s.o.-vm.u-=m T. 55!” “1.577 “515.1 |

l=1

This can

be done at any affecting the program in the machine. The directory list will end with an Error 136 (end of ?le} which can be ignored. If you have already usedA$ in your program you will get Error 9, so leave out the DIM or do a CLR first. a P. Boulter,

time without

Twickenham.

Auto-hoot tapes I STARTED to load in Get

—————————_—Moilbog Knotted from the October 7985 Atari User but had to stop for lunch. So I decided to put what/ had printedso far on to a blank tape a Boots C7 5 computer cassette, But after loading it, an Error 739 message came up on the monitor. I would like to know what an Error 139 means and what I am doing wrong as / followed the instructions out of the Atari 7070 program recorder

had faith in Atari when in the doldrums that it was not J.B. Giscott, misplaced. —

Bideford.

—

owner's

Gareth guide. Lowe, Cowbridge. ~

0 Error 139 is Device NAK, which doesn't mean quite what it sounds like! Rather, it means that the device with which the micro is trying to communicate Iedging.

isn't

acknow—

Make sure the power is getting to the recorder (is the light lit up?) and that the cable from the micro to the recorder is firmly pushed home at both ends. With your program in memory, press Record and Play together, type CSAVE and press Return twice. This should save the program, which can later be loaded back in using CLOAD.

Cheaper RAM paCk? lAM the unfortunate owner of an Atari 600XL. I say unfortunate because I only bought the damn thing just over two years ago, before the 800XL was released, in the full anticipation that the promised expansion RAM pack would be available early in 7984. I have not only seen the price of A tari drop to £165 for Atari 800XL with disc drive l've seen the 600XL disappear without a trace. So I am now fully resigned to leaving the Atari name and changing, dare I say it, to Commodore. But beforel take this painful one last chance, can step somebody tell me how / get my hands on an Atari 600XL expansion RAM pack? _

Or better still,

come

Jack, let's have a RAM pack

software for

offer with

free

£50 or less

to show those who

lltl "I'Itles CONGRA TULA T/ONS! For the first time that I can remember you have reviewed a utility, in Stephen Donoghue’s excellent little article on Basic XL (December 7985). Of course, as with other A

tari software, the sting

comes in the tail With the usual exorbitant price, "6 75 or so", but that isAtari's fault, or the software house's, not Mr Donoghue's. We normally get reviews of four games inAtari User, butin the 7985 December issue we had no less than 74 games reviewed, if you count Brillig’s Adventuringarticle. Utilities, business and edu— cational software gets scant attention by comparison. May I make a suggestion that you make a New Year resolution to put this imbalance right, andin future issues divide your software reviews equally be— tween games and the non— games software? Beginners like me haven’ta

clue which non—games software is worth looking at. Most of them are just names

IHA Vl_-' a problem with Smash Hits volume I. It has suddenly decided that it is not the original version and When it boats it cannot get past the stage where it searches for its bad sector. / have a feeling that it is my disc drive’s speed even though / can still access my old files from When / first bought my Atari about three years ago. I am a Christian and have designed my alternate {very alternate} version of Pacman. It involves you running around the church collecting up the hymn books after the service. The pews make up the maze an d de vil-sh ape d

to us, and we would like a lot more information on what they do so that we can decide whether or not to buy. Take a look through the lists of your advertisers to see just how little information is provided- and of course, they are biased. We do need

impartial reviews

non—

games software, please. Perhaps Jack Tramiel & Co should be looking at getting software prices reduced, as well as the hardware? Even if you can afford it, A tari software is a real pain to find— unlike other popular makes of computer. Mayl con?rm whatsome of your other readers have said about the failure of Silica Shop to provide an information mailing service, as advertised.

/ bought my 800XL and

peripherals in March 1985, and / am still waiting for my first information sheet. When you phone them they tell you that there have been delays, or words to that effect. This is simply not good

enough

—

they should stop

advertising this service if they cannot provide it.

With production of the 800XL now coming to an end, / hope that Atari User will still cater for the 800XL owner for time to come, and not

some

get carried

away

with

enthusiasm for the new mach— ines atleast until owners of the

smas

encourage

owners

Otherwise I

can

the final version the

How about

dustcover for

the 800XL like the one for the 13OXE? Best wishes keep up the good work. Atari User is improving all the time. C.H. -—

—

Tedman, Westgate—on— Sea.

0 To

software

large extent we rely on being sent by the

manufacturers

for review.

Since most of the software released is games, the review pages reflect this. We produceadustcoverfor the 800XL — see Page 61.

York group We are a group of Atari enthusiasts in and around York setting up a user group. / would be grateful if all people interested in joining would, in the first instance contact me on York 708397 or at the address below. J.P. —

Nelson, 10 Dringfield

Close, Dringhouses, York Y02 2TQ.

l s

computer started its save and

the

becoming saturated, with no movement of the new machines.

lng

—

see

market

—

of older

machines to update.

characters chase you around the screen. Of course there were Bib/es scattered around the maze so you could chase the devil away with scripture. The ”fo time / tYPBd my prOgram into my Atari 800 it locked up just asl typed in the SAVE command it locked mid sentence, not after / had pressed Return. The second and third times I typed it in the. same thing The fourth time happened. however— 7 0 very sore fingers later / saved the program every 70 minutes. However when it came to save

older machines have up—dated their hardware. Hopefully as the new mach— ines become more plentiful, retailers will start to offer worthwhile trade-in deals to

then stopped after about two seconds leaving me with all the pretty colours my computer usually saves for when I can’t get a display list to work properly. I came to the conclusion that someone didn’t want me to finish this program. —

Matthew Sims, Epsom. 0 You could have a drive in which case speed problem have the drive tested by an engineer. It should be 288.5 rpm, or thereabouts. Also the disc could be faulty, which you can check by trying it out on a friend's machine or at a friendly local shop. —

February 7986 ATARI USER

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thrs could be your brg chance to enter the

exerting world 58 ATARI USER

February 7986

of computer journalrsm!

OIL‘SWELL MINER 2049"

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1020

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February

1986 ATARI USER

-—————

AWAE‘RU ”a

insists Mlin

(“thin

May 1985 issue: Profile of JackTramiel, preview of the new machines, Attack Squash, Adventuring, Alphabet Train, Hexer utility, Software reviews, Sounds, the 6502, Microscope, Atari Insights—Bit Wise, Beginners and Graphics. June issue: Analysis of the 130XE, Submarine, Adventuring, Random numbers, Software reviews, Frog Jump, Bit Microscope, Sounds, Atari Insights Wise, Beginners and Graphics, special 12 page feature on Communications. July issue: Disassembler, Bomb Run, DOS 2.5, 17 Commandments, Adventuring, Display List Tutorial, Software reviews, PowerFunctions, Treasure Hunt, Keyboard Sounds, Microscope, Insights— Bit Wise, Beginners and Graphics. August issue: Analysis of SZOST, —

program protection routines, Fruiti Gambler, Assembler, Touch Tablet programs, first look at Logo, Raider 1997, Dos 2.5 upgrade offer, Display List Tutorial, Microscope, Software reviews, Bit Wise, Beginners and Insights Graphics. September issue: 8-page special on the 5205T, Mode 8 screen dump routine, Maze Munch, Data Maker, Display List Tutorial, 68000 addressing modes, list «

Keying

These back

issues

are

processing with Logo, Software reviews, Bit Wise, Beginners and Graphics. October issue: Computer Canvas graphics program, Updates for RAW 6502 assembler, 130XE Ram-disc utility,

Insights

MA 11 01mm! or Iabl

1111

27.11

’/

’%Xy//

’

,/..

g”

review, GemWrite and GemDraw, Countdown game, Disco, Display List

$5gm?éfy

'“

”w

‘

is;

if“

1111111

1. '

( M rm

em {gm ?mybljétl »-

';-,,

,;_'--::..ils1?-

..-‘111

was

1.3111;

'”

f“

wgg?) SN

‘

?gs, fe%

tutorial, Software reviews, Left-handed joystick, Adventuring, Beginners and Graphics. January 1986 issue: Machine code games, Pt. [, Atari in education, Sony ST monitor review, Hunchy game, Checksum update, Listing utility, Dotsquare game, 1020 screen dump routine, programming in C on the ST, Adventuring, Software reviews,

1x11

§-,s 1s

”551”.

“5:3;

”a

1"i

if???”

1 "

"' ‘S

“4

‘.

“

1?»

1'“

35;er a"

H,’

A if

72"

{Jill

3,st

too

much of a chore? for / £3. 95 l 0” 9 '

The" glue yo‘fr ?ngers

reSt by $1631de our monthly dlsc or cassette contammg the each issue programs from ofAtan' User. See Cl

opposite.

easy. Protection: Protect your programs from prying eyes. Display List: Demonstration programs. Raider 1997: Futuristic text adventure. Touch Tablet: programs,

sameness

Maze Munch: Help Horace the Blob h the maze monsters’ in orse Is Da ta Maker 3 gunc onve rt mac h' de to DATA routines meFO statements.year List. Demonstration programs. isplay SEW Dumps. Dump yourModeSscreens toa 1029

8nd“:

1111m11111m1

‘

11 4 Min-g“; “VT“ j 1" j?jk‘;a~§;u kiwigx ssh?” wafsrh?7;_ifj i 'V::"."’”,” .. vi“: ass§§ l W fhxs‘ N ,.

;

, .1

321

iug?y

pnnter.

1111

W?a? P

Demonstration

. ,1

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' '

Bit environment, Wrapu'ap, Insights Wise, Beginners and Graphics. November issue: Converse program, at, v Bitwise operator utility, ST graphics ‘1 examples, ST software list, Guy Fawkes game; Display List tutorial, Adventuring, 23 Microscope, Software reviews, lnsights— 2125's ;,_ Bit Wise, Beginners and Graphics. E2 December issue: Check-sum program, Special keyboard characters, Basic XL

order

“Wh.

V‘

Hex/Asciimemorydumputility,Pontoon, Software reviews, 68000 operating

”z

i?v

. 1

. l:119

, ~

1«

—

of colour, sound and animation makes this early Ieaming game a winner with the children. Sounds interesting: Drive your neighbours potty with these ready-made sounds. Hexer: Enter, display and run machine code programs with this hexadecimal loader. Attack Squash: A keep you on your flailSt'aC?OSn imer. eegrime ow tfo ast your reactions reataxes. ReBaction y are. inary: Convert denary numbers to binary notation. JUNE:Frog Jump: Guide the frogacross the road and '" th‘s ”mm“ °f the arcade Class‘Cower: Use the extra 64k Of memoryto good effect, or use the drawing routines to produce some pretty displays. Submarine: Scuttle the submarines. Etcha-Sketch: Draw pretty pictures with only a joystick. Random Numbers: Get random numbers from machine code. Filthy Fifteen: Can you keep the Filthy Fifteen happy in their cells? JULY: Bomb Run: Flatten the deserted city and land safely. Disassembler. Find out what's going on deep inside your Atari. Treasure Hunt: Use logical thinking to find the treasure. Password Generator. Keep generating passwords till you find one you like. Keyboard: Convert your micro into an organ. Quasimodo: Can you sort out the mess of ropes in the belfry? AUGUST: Assembler: Make machine code programming easier. Fruiti Gambler: Save money with this fruit machine simulation. Mandala: Complex patterns made

str I I avar

long programs

MAY: Alphabet Train: The combination

T‘é?gm":

MAM M T, uses

or is1ng.

Solve the BHCks problem.

OCTOBER: Pontoon: Twist? Bust! Memory Dump: Examine memory in hex and ASCII- Display list: Demonstration programs. Wrap Tn!” Action game for one or M0 players. Computer Canvas: Make your ownmicro masterpiece. AssemblerUpdate: Improve» ments for the RAW assembler. Ram Disc: Make the most of the BOXES extra memory. NOVEMBER: Guy Fawkes: Help Guy escape from the guards. Converse: Teach your Atari to be a psychotherapist. Display List: Demonstration pro— grams. Bitwise Operators: Utility to provide logical functions. Circle: Draw and fill a drcle. Plus: Freebie of.

/_A

£5. 95

’

the month

Creepshow machine code pinball game.

—

2130QOCoargtdnwai firmingszrzfx: chrzgku-Ssum £2322“ Disco- 59°“ ét lumiére on your Atari, List Utility: Makes listing easier. Display List: Plus.-F ree b'le?fth emon th— Demonstration programs. JanesProgiammachmecode entertainment. '

1986: Bells: Help Mr Humpy rescue It Rightl: Atari User's °Wh checksum program. Alien Attack: The game to accompany the machine code series. Lister: Make listing programs easy. Dots: Play the micro °" another player at this strategy game. Dump: 1020 printer/ plotter routine. Plus: Freebie Of the month ‘ Scramble Fighter

JANUARY

Esmerelda. Get

machine code game.

FEBRUARY: Horse Play: KDiShfS tour program. Micropainter: Programs to manipulate Micropainter screens. Clock: Interrupt driven clock utility. Flasher. Flashing colour utility. Bounce]: Simple to play, hard to master. Bridge:'l'hethinkingperson'scardgame.Plus: Freebie of the month: Demon's Lair an adventure —

game you may never escape from.

Can you escape from the Demon ’s Lair, this month ’s freebiePIt’s an adventure game with enough red hem'ngs to start a ?sh

factory.

And remember, you only available

60 ATARI USER

February 1986

won ’t ?nd it listed in the magazine if you buy the monthly cassette or disc. See order form opposite.

—

it’s

??éhl?? v

‘

.l MAIL 0 [m] 401443“ w

?nggigg

f AWMRU

ORDER F R

Q?gg?

All prices include postage. pack'ng and VAT.

lOversem orders

A“ t.‘ o?t Y

t‘“9

ptotec “22 69

fol-

:80 tbe “i

Protect your 130XE or SOOXL f “llth our luxury dust cover made of soft, pliable, clear and water-resistant vinyl, bound with strong cotton and decorated With the magazme’s logo. ,

sabsmp?on

'/‘ _—,,—

,—,.

f.___ ~

_ »-

,‘

£54155?!

£5 (disc) Add £3.50 (tape) to your or

[- "._**_~,,...,_—"——) ..

1“.

& Eire

July

3132 EM urope £2.25 Overseas Air mail

A so)?

Oct Nov Dec

‘.

C a 55 ette

£6.95 Europe/Overseas

I in chocolate ' an d b eanng t h e

‘

May Jun

7017 7018

All?!

7823

T Shirt '

£4.25

/y H7

—

£3. 95

———-——-

Binder

7029

£75.79

. .

capacnty

d notc h to cut out a correct ly . posmone Will enable you to use BOTH Sides of the disc and HALVE your costs. Extremely well made to a compact design, it has a unique position guide to assure pin-point accuracy!

Allows you wh1ch

send you Order now and we 1! else 215 an Atari disc contamngOS absolutely free of charge!

Overseas orders m

tape £7.95 disc £11.95

7057 7058

3551555105195

7059

add £1 p&p per order

TOTAL

l_A_.I._l_J

L_L_4__I c d'

L_L_J_.J

44—1 d

4:53:19-

-———-—-—————————

Signed

Bamlaycard/vlsa

I D?hszlzzfplzislzlz‘l; I 11:29 I —_______————

I | 0:5" I

Send to: Atari User. FREEPOST, Europa House. 68 Chester Road, Hazel Grove. Stoclrport sx7 SNY. (No stamp needed if posted in UK)

Simulated Computer tape £7.95 disc £11.95

l_—_l

| ®®B&EB I

‘

—

7055 7056

ress —__—___—————

[:|

Payment: please indicate method ( J) Access/Masterwd/Eumard

—

£9 95

‘

7063

Learningis fun

(1150

I l I

7051:

£9.95 (UK &Overseas)

TellyTurtle

Double your

_—

UK only

OverseasAirmail£695

I Disk Doubler free DOS 2.5 I 1020 Printer/Plotter

l 0

7031 7060

800XL

£4.95 Europe and Overseas

£3.95 UK £5.95 Europe:

/——//

£395 UK

——

Only

___—_—Dust Cover

,.4-

Disc

Small 7047 Medium 7048 Large 7049

£553?322535 Airmail

’

Tape

Jan 1986 7125/7025 Feb 7126/7026

Bound b rown

pvc Atari User logo, this handsome binder will hold a year’s supply of the magazines firmly secured in place with meta rods.

® 0 ' T

7013

mp‘d—e

610 CO“e

‘\

7011 7012

7021 Sept Oct 7122/7022 Nov 7123/7023 Dec 7124/7024

£5.95 UK

\;\'\

$382 7007 7003 7009 7010

Jan 1986

I Monthly Cassette/Disc

I I I

Back issues

Disc

p 90

7061

7062

er. ere-ielve covere Eleztraghdebsc sgbslcnptloria: by su nptlon or215C ny aval

£3.95 UK £4.95 Europe/Overseas

‘11

)

uses:

Jul

7001 7003 7004

Tape‘

only

28' 1986

Feb

Commence with tissue

___

UK & EIRE £12 (sterling only) Europe £15 Overseas (Air mail) £30

a...“

A nnual

NO‘0

Valld to

despatched by'Air mail. Please enter number required in box.

Please allow 28 days [or delivery

Orders by phone; 061-480 0171 by Preslel: Key '89 Mailbox No. 614568383 by Telecom Gold: Mailbox No. 72:MAGOOI

—

Don't forget to

"Tiff, 9:2: "

is" £472“, _ _

AT,

February 1986 ATARI USER

ADVERTISERS

$2,

16 s 17 6 62 22 &31

Atari

Qvgo"

ATARI 600/800XL/1 3GXE

Centretime

DUAL OPERATING SYSTEM

Compumart

Chips

y p ugs insr"d e your

= L E

K.E.C.M.

44 64 44

50 62

Kuma Ladbroke Computing

PAUL

Francis Ward Close, Hilltop, West Bromwich, West Midlands B71 2PY.

Haystack Peripherals Homeview Video J & J Softsales

Price £29.95 MarlOrdartn.

62 2

Dlglcom Digital Integration Film City Video

°°mp“‘e’-

G-

Datascape

small crrcurt board whrc h sump

It consrsts of a

Metacomco Microworld

= x

Mikes Computer Store Miles Better Software

Databyte

You could have a dual operating system with the flick of a switch. This will allow you to run all known software written for the 400 and 800 computers or your XL/XE.

INDEX

Modern House

P.F. Software

Page 6 Psygnosrs 5- Pal” Rock Hard Soft Silica Shop Software Express Stocksoft Strategic Plus Sunaro Software

52 31 62 62 63 10 58 50 58 21 62 50 62

TDI Modula Teletex

Wootton Computers Zimmer Computers

AFFORDABLE SOFTWARE

AVAILABLE ON

DlSC AND CARTRIDGE

CASSETTE,

Just look at this small selection from

West Yorkshlre s ATARI Spocmllsts " '

Offers

Special

Retail Blank

1050 Disk Driva? Software f 1027 Letter Duality Printer '

rauXE

Cassette

52OST

(Full

Pack

Package)

Mail Order Division

Please

Dwnars' Club

peripherals, and books. West Yorkshire Atari

send

£1.50 for

full

catalogue,

form from

472046

Red

Baker,

inc.

515 7.50 7.75 7,75 7.75 9.50 5,55

Egg (c)

Encounterlc)

£9.95lTEN-PACK!) £129 (RRP £249) —£1 49 £169 £749 software. hardware offers,

Dropzonelcl

Spyhunter(c) Colossus

Chess

lo)

Colossus

Chess

(d)

Cousins

(c)

Kissing

BountyBob

Club

of address

below

(WYACO).

free

helpline. or phone 0274

Full

details

Please

newsletter,

Meetings,

T“

& application

875299 anytime.(0924

7.75 5.55 7.50 10.95

(6)

stamped

01d“ any “I cheque

0’

range.

Goonias

7.50 9.25 7.75

MONTHS Mercenary (c)

SPECIAL: 7.50

postage addressed

and packing.

the

above

P0515"

I“

_e“"°'.°|’e titles |ust

Order

”me

send

Irst.

to:

payable

Eve).

TELETEX (YORKSHIRE) LTD

J + J SDFTSALESIMarl

ST so FTWARE We have a selection of high quality arcade-style games for the monochrome ATARI 5203T at sensible prices.

INVADERS FROM SPACE

27-50

High speed machine-code action—all thefeatures.

£7,50

POOL A superb simulation of this classic game

(Dept. AU)

I7 Vernon

MUNCHERS

£7.50

Eatthe pills before theghosts get you. Several mazes. Or, any two 0” °."e mike,“ for °"'_Y £1009 A” programs supplied 0" quality 3? diskettes W'th IU" instructions.

or“)

Road, Ucltfiold, East Sussex TN22 5DX.

MIDI svrvrnasrsm

AT LAST"..

INTERFACE

for the Atari 400/8001600XL1800XLI130XE Control MIDI equipped electronic instruments from your Atari. Hardware comprises MIDI IN, THRU and DUT ports. Complete examp'e pmg'ams SUpp"ed' D'SK dr've requrred. g‘ssgtrgg'i'ggligcg

RS232 PRINTER INTERFACE Connect your Atari to R8232 printers. Works with BASIC, ATARIWRITER etc. Disk drive required. £39.95 inclusive.

MULTI TAPE TO DISK UTILITY " Transfer single AND multi-stage tapes to disk and then run them from a fast, autoload menu. The only one that can handle five stages. £14.95 inclusive.

CASSETTE BACK-UP UTILITY ‘

(Mail order) ROCK-HARD SOFT Rock House, Great Elm, Frome, Somerset BA11 SNY.

Re-recordscassette software atany ofthirteen differentspeeds. Can

even handle non-standard format tapes. £6.95 inclusive.

Cheque/P0. to; premium Bradwell Common Boulevard, Milton Keynes. Tel: oooa 663708 '

These products

should not

used

Bucks MK13 Ree. material.

Warp speed with True Double Density

ATAR'

THE HAPPY 1050 E N H A N C EM E NT

SPECIALISTS

Allows ou to backup an disk

WE BUY, SELL, PART EXCHANGE

ONLY£165.00|nc5&1:

(NOT

TO BE

USED ON COPYRIGHT

MATERIAL)

ALLTYPES OF COMPUTE

No Notch Disk ”elector Write to the reverse side of disk without notches, protects from accidental erasure. Simple plug in no cutting, drilling or soldering. ONLY £15.00 Inc P&P.

f’

CWO allow28 days despatch .

Zimmer Computers Chrltern Avenue, Shepshed, Lercestershire. Tel: 0509 505335 for details. .

62 ATAR/ USER

750

(c)

THIS

pricesmclude a

Big

Ghostchaserlc) Up’n' Down (a) Miner 2049erlr)

7-75 5-75

Ghostbusters id)

send

7.50

(c)

Adv. (cl Dungeon Red Moon lo)

28 Brooklyn Court, Bradford Road, Clockheaton, West Yorkshire BD19 411 Tel: 0274 875299

Decathlon

Snowballlc) Emerald Islelc)

All

Owners

software hire, exhibition trips,

discounts,

Chuckie

Division.0iscountedbardwara&Software

Disks

February 7986

EQUIPMENT

THE LOWEST PRICES POSSIBLE XL, XE, ST RANGE ALL IN STOCK RING US LAST FOR THE BEST QUOTE

CHIPS COMPUTER CENTRE

53 RUGBY ROAD, WORTHING,SUSSEX BN11 5NB. NEW BULLETIN BOARD SERVIC E 300 Baud Ring Back. Tel: (0903) 503711 20.00hrs—08.00hrs. -

TE |.: (0903) 40509 (24 hours)

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55 -.=5555555555555555555555===========555555555555-’-'—-J=========5555555555555==============555555555555 |'r l.... Ill-Ill...n-nlllll. Ill lull-r lllllll llllll "55555555WITH FREE SOF | WA 5!1555555555555!!!“=========5=====5" ~

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‘====llllllllllll' ===i -‘lllll======.....----' all-Illlllllll=== - 46 AT £12 R 12 MONTHS 55555555----------"5555 ..........555555555--------555i .. “ 5-

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4 Now ONLY ”1555 5555 . "

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WITHOUT THE PRICE

j“ l====““""“'-~ .---------l-l-nil-lI======='lnullnalnninc E!!!!!!!!!!llnll|.--------.=!!!!!!!!!!!!Iln.

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E!!!!!!!!lllIl-l===-Iu--I II... ........===..__

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WORTH ~~—--------------

‘IHEEEIHEEIHEEIEEEI

$055" ll' 4

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$5:

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-----.-----I

"-“Ei????222225225525!!! ..!-=i £34-

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SAVE

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‘

NEWS FOR ATARI 8-BIT COMPUTER OWNERS

"—

‘ i============lllllll===========li=== ii n. n‘ ========= "unn..======!!!!!!!!!!!g-----===========!!hsessages.i--=i======== FREE SOFTWARE BUY NOW PAY LATER -

VAT

Silica Shop. the UK's leading Atari specialists. by the 410 or 1010 data recorders. Many pro» based in Sidcup Kent have announcedamass— fessional/business programs are only available ive drop in the price of the Atari 1050 Disk on disk and not cassette. Until now. only a Drive. The 1050 is compatible for use with the small proportion of Atari Computer owners Atari 400/800 and XL/XE computers and allows have been able to benefit from the power and access to a range of over 450 disk~based soft— speed of the 1050. Now Silica are pleased to ware titles. The 1050 comes with DOS 2.5. be able to offer the 1050 ata new low price of and can also be used with other Atari Disk only £129 including VAT and FREE delivery. Operating Systems. making it compatible with We also offer credit facilities allowing Atari the complete range ol Atari Corp and Third owners to purchase it over 12 months for Party software for Atari 8-bit computers. The only £12.46 per month. The total purchase addition of a disk drive IS a great enhan- price over 12 months. with interest at a flat cement to any computer system. increasing rate of only 16%, is only 12XE12.46=£149.52 storage facrlities and cutting information access (APR 32.396). There has never been a better time to seconds instead of the minutes taken time for Atari owners to buy a Disk Drive!

The new price for the 1050 disk Drive is not To help you to take advantage of the new low the only good news for Atari Owners. The price of the 1050 Disk Drive. we have now Disk Drive now comes With three FREE soft— negotiated favourable credit terms with HFC ware titles. in addition to the DOS 2.5 Disk Trust. You do not need a bank account to and Manual. The first of these is The Payoff take out credit with HFC, and no deposit is on disk. 3 new adventure game in which you required, Repayments can be made by post. play the leading role. On the reverse side of standing order, or personally at your local this disk is a demonstration program showing HFC office. If you wish to use these facilities. Atari's amazing sound and graphics. Also in- simply complete and return the coupon below. cluded is Home Filing» Manager which will We will then send you further details and an help you organise your files, It allows you to application form by return ol post. catalogue and file details of books. birthdays. your stamp collection or anything else which OUR SPECIALIST SERVICE would normally require you to use filing cards. We are now firmly established as the UKs The software which comes free with the Disk NUMBER ONE Atari s pecialists, so when you Drive carries a normal retail price of £34.98 buy an Atari computer product at Silica you and 's as follows: will be fully supported. Our mailings keep HOME HUNG MANAGER 5:24-99 The 7050 is a dual density disk drive. This refers to the amount o/information that can be stored on a you up to date with news of software releases £9.99 and srngle side ola disk Three things determine the density ofa particular disk format" The number of THE PAY OFF ADVENTURE developments. Our technical support team FREE bytes in each sector. the number of sectors per track and the number of tracks per disk. Sing/e DOS 2.5 DISK & MANUAL and sales staff are at the end of the telephone FREE DenSity formats give eighteen 720 byte sectors on each o/their 40 tracks. thusgiving a totalcapacrty SOUND & GRAPHICS DEMO line to deal with our roblems and su pl of 78-- 7251-40 or 92. 760 bytes. Double Density formats give sectors that are twice as large as the single Normal cost of FREE software £34.98 _ 0 u to e ry need We a"? t o ‘ k a ll availgblz 0C. densrty sectors and are capable of holding 256 bytes on each sector. This yields a capacity of 784 A Ia” kilobytes per disk. There is also a third format, Dual DenSity which is the one used byAtari's new 7050 hardware. 5° f tware. peripherals and a FREE & Disk Drive mm oosaanaooszs lthasz?ofthe 720byte sectors on each ofits 40tracks. givinga accessories- We also stock Wide range of total capacity of 733 kilobytes. which alter formatting comes down to 727K. The 7050 is capable of Mail Orders to the UK and BFPO are sent A13" ded'cated bOOkS and» magazines. Here running disks formatted in eithersingle ordual density and can run either 0052. 0052.5, orDOS3, from Silica with post and packing FREE. We are some Of the many faCIIItIeS we can offer: this makes the machine complete/y compatible with all of the previous old style software. The 7050 is rowde a 24 hour service and aim to des atch compatible with the 400/800and the new XL/XE series of Atari computers. However if you run a 400 2mm on the same day that we receive fhem. zzzgg or 000 you would need to already haveat least 32K RAM of memory in your computer. The 7050 has a * INFORMATION MAILING SERVICE built—in 6507more processor and an onboard ROM operating system for automatic standby capability. 12 *TECHNICAL SUPPORT TEAM /t has automatic swrtching from single to enhanced densrty modes. It has 3 Disk Busy' indicator and year ‘H‘?GHl-Y COMPETITIVE PRICES up to 4 disk drives can be controlled at once Included wrth the Disk Drivers the Owner‘sManual the The 1050 D'S_k D'We comes mm a fU“ DOS 25 Master Diskette. ReferenceManual l/O Data cable and Mains Adaptor The 7050 disk drive guarantee. Silica Will replace any faulty 1050 tAFTER SALES SUPPORT SERVICE Disk Drive With a new unit within this period. i-REPAIR SERVICE ON ATARI PRODUCTS comes With everything you need to plug it in and use it immediately. -

SUPERB TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

POST

PACKING

m¥r?gfgggug¢cgzuo??gtv

MONTH GUARANTEE 1

Silica Shop Limited. 1-4 The Mews. HatherleyRoad. Sidcup. Kent. DA14 4DX Telephone:01 309 .

—

i . ou cant wait to get your hands on a brand new 050 Disk Drive for your Atari 8—bit computer and you have a credit card or charge card phone our hotline now! We accept Access, Express. Barclaycard. Diners Club, as erc arge and Visa. hA?metricarn Telephone our hotline “th Your_card number and your address details 3nd we Will dispatch a disk drive to you TODAY! Y ou can also call the hotline to request a credit application form if you wish to take out credit faCilities With HFC Trust. If y

1111

,____-_---.---nun-n.-III-Iiiiiiiiiiiiiii'-----il-Illuiiiiiiiiiiiii==-I'-II-nun-nullliiiiiiiiiiiiiii-------lI-l_ ............................555555555555555555555555555555'5'555======== _ llllllll _ _ _ _ _ — —

105 0 ORDER F

I I Please send me lhi'ti'a/S' I Mr/Mrs/Ms: Address; I | I I D enclose a f°' £ Cheque: I D Please debit my credit card: CARD NUMBER: I Simeon '

l D L

—

wish t _

—

The Mews. Hatherley Road, Sidcup, Kent, DA14 4DX

I I 1050 Dlsk Drive(s) at £129 each I Surname.I I I I POS’COda I (made payable to S'l'ica Sh o p t d) -

£ Diners Club. Mastercharge, -

monthly credit instalments) and an application form ieim?lmian—detans

Visa

_(12

—

1-4

accept: Access. Am erican Express, Barclaycard, .

“ed“: oPrIzayseby

—

I I

a“?

5’5

—

f”

E‘W

\ was:

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4531:

42m

if!

SE“?"“X‘3

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mar/c-

An easy-to-use Spreadsheet enjoying the benefits of the friendly *GEM system with it’s mouse-driven icon selection and multi-window presentation. user

S P rea dSheet

ThlS Professronal package combines full use Of the ST’s large RAM capac1ty w1th its fast processmg speed and _

facilitates easy data

?g}?

gfa‘?»

/’

?g?féfgw‘lXe

”ages?

/ ' *

ff,

—\/

‘

safe”

fér’?e’i?

word-Processmgf PaCkages'

?gi?rsg??zw

“X35?“

£4

ég/v

communica?ons

“?‘?

\§

fr"

si?‘éf?‘

t Assembler

" ,

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g ,

??‘s??? “1

”?re‘

‘

" ,

(Sixty-eightKAssembler)—The fast andeasy-to-use assembly system for the generation and analysis of 68000 code programs, combining full use of the ST'slarge RAM capacity with an impressive list of useful features.

RAM DISC Enables one or more RAM discs to be set up as high speed ”?oppy discs”. The spectacular improvementsin the speed of file handlingare immediate! ?les are accessed and written to between 40 and ?fty times faster. —

X};

g“

‘

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_ Km“ c°"'P“‘°" “d" “n“ 12' "°"°"‘°° P""' H°"°'h°° Rud' P‘“9b°“"'°' mm“ R68 ”w-

1 I I |

Please send further details of the Kuma ST range. 4

Name '

Get down to business with Kuma ?rst off the mark for the ST .

{59,1\

X\\

(fee?

?aws"

the KUMA "

‘

’

AVaIIable from your ST-Dealer

Address

l L

Phonel v

Trade Enquiries Phone 07357-4335 -

-“‘