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“Atari User" welcomes program listings and articles for publication. Material should be typed or computer-printed, and preferablv double—spaced. Program listings should be accommpanied by cassette tape or disc. Please enclose stamped, self— addressed envelope, otherwise the return “Water'a' cam“ be gl’ari’meed' COMM)“ utions accepted for publication by Database Publications Ltd will be on an all—rights PC‘DasllSSi87 Database Publications Ltd No irJiaieriai may be reproduced in whoie 5, in part without writen permission. While every care is taken, the publishers cannot be held errorsin articles. {egallvrespogsibieforany istings, or a vertisements. ”Atari User” is an independent publication and Atari Corp (UK) Ltd are not responsible foranyofthe articles Iheycontain orforany of the opinions expressed. News trade distribution: Europress Sales and Distribution Limited, Unit 1, Burgess Road, lvyhouse Lane, Hastings, East Sussex TN35 4NR. Tel: 0424 430422.

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in Action

An in-depth review of

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33,573 January-June, 1986

,

35 maze. 7

Review

“Whig”

“1

e r.

32

'

.

gu1de to

27 29

Mor e amazin g ex p loits with our resident Atari adv e ntur

Advertisement Manager: Tony Nowell

20 23

super-fast verSion of

A new

Fawcett

N€WS NM“? Cowley

i

USR command.

Tween ing

Editorial Assistant'

:

software.

Move between shapes, amaze your friends, with this magic utility.

Production Editor: Peter Glover

l

selling Atari

9

Our evaluation team takes

Features Editor: Peter Davidson

ditoria Administration: Advertising: Subscriptions:

top

Reviews

Derek Meakin

E

3

Jargon

Managing Editor:

,

7

to date gmde to the month

Starting a two-part explanation of the powerful

Ad vertismg S a I es. John Snowden Nora Lawton

bit Atari.

USR functions

/

Ft 5 MAGigg/z?mezs. Vol. 3 No. 7 November 1987

Neil

8

.

.

SpeCIal FX

We conclude this

53 fascinating series with software

sprites.

_

Flle converter A useful

57

utility to convert AtariWriter files to Mini Office

H’nts and TIPS

II

format.

61

Get more enjoyment out of your games With our readers' help. ‘

'

6 at”

.

,

[zyét/ .

All major listings in this issue are accompanled b,y Cheeksums to h_e|p overcome typing mistakes. For full details of how they work, see the article on page 23 Of this issue '0 f A t an User' _

_

_

'

-

-

November 1987 Atari User 3

— —

Link

The cheapest and fastest form of communication possible " costs the same to send a message to one moroox as to 500!

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million worldwide. You can even send and receive telexes after office hours or while travelling.

Telemessages; — Type in your message before 8pm and delivery is guaranteed by first post the next day (except Sunday), anywhere in the UK and USA.

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C]

I

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.

.

All you need apart from your Atari is a modem, which plugs into your telephone wall socket, plus suitable communications software. We have provided two possible options on the left. _

—

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train and Reserve Tele-b00_kin9 details WO’ W' e' or or er mm a “St thealtJetackets,claeckfflight from flowers range of products to ?oppy discs.

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Games 00113018 ‘StarS' 011 TV

e:

\,

—

A HARD-HITTING preChristmas television advertising campaign has been launched featuring the new

backup and outlets number of leading

screen.

Atari launched the campaign at the PCW Show, where it tookthe largest exhi-

£49.95, good software

-

.

Bar

alns

I ore

a

EXHIBITORS at this year's Atari Christmas Show have begun to reveal the new products and bargain offers they have in store for 8 bit users.

Last year the ?rst Atari Christmas Show was a fesounding succeSS’ with nearly 10,000 people packing the Royal Horticultural Hall in London.

In

s

ow

new cartridge games from America for the 8 bit

machines, and will have an increased supply of bargain software on disc and cassette. A revolutionary multifunction joystick will be launched atthe Show by RH

Design.

The

company

claims that its new joystick

completely different from , all others on the market. helg'isnz?aersmsshho‘svet‘gglg tzef Pricedat under £19, the joythe ChampagneSuite at the stick includes a free two metre extension lead. 22mm; star‘rfisgretgi ln addition to supplying computer events. staged by 3:17] is

-

-

a

Street stores, we can't see how it can fail”. The brash, colourful and exciting advert with its highly devel0ped video graphics and stirring musicis designed to stand out among the mass of pre-Christmas product promotions on the small

Atari games console. It is part of Atari’s commitment to its 8 bit range and backs up the company’s prediction of massive sales of video consoles and games before the end of the year. As an Atari spokesman put it: ”With the video games system starting from as little as

in

High

a

biting area, occupying more than 1,000 square metres. Another 43 companies took

3:

gm -

A Whlrl

stands in specially-designated “pavilions” within the

Atari area with a range of hardware, software and peripherals which showed the wealth of products now available for Atari computers.

”W,

on

the wheel A FORTUNE

can be won

or

roulette wheel |°_St W'thOUt endangering the 0” a family. savmgs new at the

'

_

game fortheAtari

8

“iémbl'w

COMIC CAPERS

t ise fro? 50 CDCSas‘igsrgz?gHgZT ‘

,

ONE of the most famous Marvel Comic heroes has been transported to the Atari 8 bit. Captain America from US Gold (021-356 3388) has the superhero set against Dr Meglomann and his Doom Tube. It is the fourth of July and the whole of America is geared for the biggest celebration since the Bicentennial. At dawn, however, the President has an uninvited Dr Meglomann. The visitor baddy demands the President abdicate in favour of him or —

he willunleashadeadly virus, to Central transported

America on a rocket. Object of the game is to navigate the revolving Doom Tube which is housed within six underground decks, find the miss?e and destroy it. _

ware house specialised in

WhiCh

has

bringing traditional games to the home computer. Using the International or French style table, the game allows up to eight players to gamble at once. Players place their bets in of 15 any combination wagers allowed. The wheel spins, the number is selected and the program works out the winnings, adds chips to players’ stacks and rakes the table. Features include standard odds, play analysis which keeps track of individual performances, statistical analySis Of the fa” Of the ba“ over the previous 370 spins and

instructions including

dozen established

a

betting

systems. Price on cassette and £9.99 £14.99 on disc.

-

Atarl pg'ececgtlzlfiségzggffgxé

0:23:1352:22:22:-to

22

the Atari Christmas Show; will mirror all the y ear's with past developments emphasis on the entirely _

new a pro ach to th e 9 a mes markeIt, '

games player With_ more than 30 disc based titles $0 “10059 from at the bargain price Of 51-99 each. A full range Of bargain cartridge, cassette and disc based games are 0" offer from MCD- AbOUt 49 Wt' price titles will be available as well as massive savings 0" Atari 40° and 800 computers, cassette recorders, iOVS?CkS and paddles. A money saving advance

A" the leading suppliers of At“! add-ons and software Will be at the lilovotel, their stands piled ”9“ “Mb the" latest products and cut-price offers. Software Store has ticket order form imported a large range of 17. _

_

_

is on Page

_

sales

_

are

soarlng

Sharply improved results for the ?rst half of 798? have been revealedby the Atari Corporation. ComparedWith the same period last year income is up. more than a masswe 732 per cent, with sales showmg an improvement of nearly a third

at around $736 million. “Atari continues to enjoy a favoured market posmon throughout the world”, said a spokesman. “Record sales were again achieved in both the video game and computer product ?nes", ”Pursuing a vertical integration, the company intends to make acquistions in computer or related fields. An active search is underway to identify appropriate businesses whose activities will complement Atari's operations”. The figures show that at the end of the period under review, Atari had $ 198 million in capital, as compared with $40 last year. .

.

November 1987 Atari User 5

)I\ ATARl

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ADBROKE OMPUT|NG

The leading North West SpecialistATARI Dealer

In re a n

A

H o n

A l.

33 Ormskirk Road Preston, Lancs.

Jlk ATARI

Tel:(0772)21474 Mail 0rder:27236 or Bul/Board6pmtoQam

This Company has given years of full support to ATARI users Countrywide from their retail shop premises at Ormskirk Road, Preston. Now from their NEW Mail Order Depot they can offer the same Excellent servrce to all Marl Order Customers. All Software and Hardware is fully tested prior to selling. This ensures Customers receive working items so that returned goods,_ and all the attendant frustration are a thing of the past. All Hardware is supported by our own ‘ON SITE engineers, therefore qurck turn round on all repairs is Guaranteed. All prices quoted are fully VAT inc. and there are no hidden extras“, what you see IS what you get. Delivery included in price. Please ring for latest prices, new releases, etc.

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XI.

to the dole queue answer

Philip Gibbs has emerged from the dole queue to the brink of self-employed success with the aid of his Atari 800XL. He bought the machine three years ago — adding a Touch Tablet, Atari Artist, ENGINEER

.

1027

printer

and

1050 disc

but 12 months later drive found himself unemployed at the age of 56. After reading a review in Atari User he bought Superscriptand used itto write more than 200 job applications, but —

without success. ”When, after allthis effort,l still couldn’t get a job my

thoughts turned to self— employment”, Philip told

Atari User. to solicit He decided support to help him develop a new engineering product and was successful in obtaining grants from busmess develop-

ment agencies in his home town of Sheffield. “I added Super 3D Plotter Il and a 1029 printer which enabled me to produce convincing 3D drawings. The suppliers, Demon Software, gave me lots of help to modify the program”.

the Government

of games old and new are about to be released on the Atari 8 bit by Tynesoft. Due out soon is Winter Olympics ‘88, timed to coincide with the opening of the real thing which is taking place at Calgary in Canada.

Tynesoft (091—414 4611) says six of the most challen-

ging Olympic events have been selected to test the player's abilities to the full. Ski jumping, slalom, downhill racing, tobogganing, the gruelling biathlon and speed skating are

lgg 2

”2

device which allows game computer players to run their favourite programs without disturbing the rest of the household has just been released. Chasing those high scores without fear of complaint has been made possible through Sound Master, which costs just £14.99 from Database

Electronics (061-480 0171). The package

which

can be

all Atari 8 bit machines except the 400

used with

,

===::==

=

(“mm

E

"NS”

DECATHL0 N Firebird 180

.

Mastertronic

1

MlLK RACE Mastertronic

v

STORM

Bulldog ON CUE Mastertronlc

_

FEUD

Bu Ild 09

to go into

production”, he said. “I'm grateful to both my Atari 800XL and Atari User— they have not only helped me to survive a very difficult

V

[blvakDAYUGHTS omar .

3

time, but have also helped to create jobs for five people at my neWHSheffieId Skyhook company

séUGIYZ‘LjET SILENT SERV|CE

Microprose/US Gold

.

on way

all on the £9.95 cassette. Mirax Force, the space war game which sets a lone

1

m m

. V A

cassette and £9.95 on disc.

Space Hawk, Mousetrap and Killer Cycle, at £3.99 for a twin cassette pack or £5.99 on disc.

includes

.

m

a special

interface

too.

Every Sound Master is supplied in a colourful presentation pack with detailed instructions.

_

m m

TABLE FOOTBALL

Rhino

BOULDER DASH Il

First Star/Prism LEADERBGARD

Access/US Gold

'

DIZZY D'CE Players

.

BMX S|MULATOR Codemasters

m MAN

MOLECULE

MM“

v

in

sonal stereo or hi-fi systems

FRENESIS

Mastertronlc

V

IE

tough plastic with a graded volume control. The beautifully constructed Ross stereo headphones are fully guaranteed. They come with a special adapter which allows them to deliver crystal clear reproduction with per-

encased

'

BOULDERDASH First Star/Prism

tenforthe8bit,price£7.95on Tynesoft's first Four Great Games compilation proved so popular that the company plans to release another. The Atari 8 bit version will have Who Dares Wins II,

SUPERMAN First Star/Prism

.

fighter against the guardians of a fleet of heavily protected motherships, has been rewrit-

is G OLDEN

A CLEVER new

==‘_—

\_

I i-

i-

_______________________

SILENCE

0

(V

===

.

Philip's prototype of a selferecting steel tower for communications and security systems is already nearing completion. “I’m now receiving financial support from British Steel Enterprise, British Coal and

M ore games A SERIES

i

9 (7/17 L/ /

ii=i=ii=ii=i=~s=l=i=i=iiv=ii=i<=E

1

I iz

//

/

GUN LAW M as t e rt romc

_

| T

Mlg?ngHYTHM Compiledby Gallup/Microscope ‘

Nine

enter the chart this month

_

_

games

reviews 0f180istorm10n Cue.

Feucl

and

—

you can find

Boulder Dash

H

in

this issue of Atari User. The Top 10 is dominated by budget software With the E139 Decathlon holding the number one posmon. November 7987 Atari User 7

miCtOUDk f

ll) (issnt

i

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TELECOM GOLD]

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335“;

F armlng ba ronet on I.Ine

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These include a reverse

DOWN on the farm or in the factory, baronet and lVliCl'Ol-ihk subscriber Sir

if

communications as they attempt to reduce unemployment.

Charles Legard is equally at home thanks 10 com-

in Jobtrain Camden North London provides local youngsters with opportunities to learn the skills which specific surveys have revealed are most wanted by employers in the area. There are 120 places on courses in motor mechan-

puter communications. |hf0fmati0h technology

>‘

makes sure he’s always up to date With what’s hap0” his North pening Yorkshire estates in the Vale Of P_iCkefih9 as W3” ?5 the family busmesses in Leeds and Bradford. Sir Charles farms 1,700 acres Of arable land around Scampston Hall, Malton, in addition 10

if? ‘

tiggu

1

tunning

5 .

‘

Century,

micro and modem as

but

are now

Hall as the

'

,

e

Consultative ‘

‘

,

»

assessments on a smaller scale are being conducted injust about every diocese in the UK. Typical of these is the one being done by the Rev Richard Thomas,

,

communications of?cerfor the Diocese of Winchester. “I’m using MicroLink as part of my brief to explore the whole area of

communications”, he is

' 7

said.

“I believe electronic mail going to become very

important

and I’m sure it

lot to offer the Church _ both nationally has

principal

and

a

internationally

_

as a

communications medium”.

-

MlCROL/NK's convenient British Rail te/ebooking service has been given a complete update. It allows subscribers at any hour of the day or night to order train tickets for journeys between London and more than 20 major UK centres from Aberdeen to York.

-

MlcrOLlnk _

,

turn to

Page 4

Charles.

faétmvsar?avaawermaz

'

i

'

communication between churches all over the world. Meanwhile similar

BR BOOKING

Your c h ance to 1'oin

the

”Whetherl’m at home or in one of my offices, computer communications keep me constantly in touch with what’s going on elsewhere”, said Sir

a.

"

muchapartofthe scene

at Scampston

,

have taken", says Kieran Duignan.

other qualifications.

family portraits.

,

5

—

~

.

=

Council and the British Council of Churches. It will eventually lead to more efficient electronic

turned out to be a lucky break because it galvanised them into action they never might otherwise

carpentry and joinery,

office skills, catering, and care for the elderly and all leadyoung children ing to City and Guilds or

=

n ew

Anglican

practical assistance in getting a new job. ”Many people find that being made redundant

land in Yorkshire since the

12th

"’

ics,

companies involved in engineering and wholesaling electrical components. Legards have owned

‘

-

At the other end of the scale, the Mid-Career Development Centre in Croydon helps business and professional people who have been made redundant or want a more fulfilling job. The Centre's experienced career counsellors provide individual help to restore confidence and

MicroLink

trum are using

E”

a

_

COMPUTER communications systemslike MicroLink have become a ma' jOl’ focus of interest for Britain’s churches. A joint study of information technology is currently being undertaken by Church the House,

to allow the Americans to make direct . . calls to MicroLink and see what 5 on offer over here.

gateway

communlcatlng to cut unemployment TWO organisations at opposite ends of the spec-

g:

-

Ilne f or t h e Church

MicroLink.

-

,

-

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'

5

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J_.

{if fsiig?

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and there are plans for even closer ties with

But now MicroLink . . subscribers can again chat to enthusrasts in the USA

Ion

"—

': — '

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-=-—'— =—_— -——'—.____

cial interest group sections. All the old Mnematics features are back — plus

source.

.

__

_

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_=-'_:=

.""——

p :.—-— E -"‘—T z

_

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tap the vast array of computer-related and spe-

complete reorganisation. Mnematics' switch to a more efficient system carrier caused the temporary severance of UK links with the dynamic information electronic

-

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;

and

again available to MicroLink subscribers after a I

a"

-—_

giant American dataMnematics is once

THE base

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“"

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EASIER Subscribers can book their journeys via MicroLink after studying the electronic timetables in the comfort oftheir own home or of?ce, and charge them to their Access, Barclaycard, American Express or Travel Key account. Tickets are sent by return

i

,

;

post. ~,

,

Series

—————————

I

USR is the most powerful and versatile function in Atari Basic — but it's also the most poorly documented. You’ll come across it frequently in magazine listings, but very few Basic text books give it more than a passing mention. In this two-part series we'll examine the rules for using USR and present a few programs to show how you can make it work for you. First of all, let's define it. USR is a

function (like PEEK, LOG or STFllG) and it allows you to run a machine code subroutine from inside a Basic program. That may not sound too earth shattering, but in fact it adds enormously to the range of things your computer can do. There are many tasks which Basic can’t handle, either because it's too slow or because it doesn’t contain the relevant commands. Vertical movement of player-missile graphics, fine

horizontal and vertical scrolling, display Iistinterrupts and direct CIO calls

are among these.

Machine code, on the other hand, can do almost anything and executes at lightning speed, but it makes heavy weather of some tasks which Basic can handle easily, like complex arith-

metic, string manipulation and drawing things on screen. USR gives you the best of both worlds. You can write most of your program in Basic, and use machine code for only those bits that need it. But USR is rather finicky, and you have to be very careful to observe all its rules, othenNise your program will probably crash. So here’s how to use it, step-by-step. First of all you need a machine code routine for USR to execute; if you

can’t write machine code, you can’t use USR. But you don’t need to be an — expert machine code programmer routines and short even very simple

extremely interesting and worthwhile. Here's the simplest we .

.

can

be

can think of: #ll 71“

LDA STA

, , Th,ISIS th eequw alentofPOKE7100 so it’s not particularly exciting, but it _

_

xg'rfsefv? ?fexgrgs?fgrfgm?g

entirely in machine code, the routine would be fine in this form, but if it has

One Of the most powerfl“ Atarl commands explalned In detall by LEN GOLDING -

'

'

'

to be called by Basic and hand control back to Basic aftenNards, you need to add two linking instructions. The routine should start with a PLA (for reasons which will become clear next month), and the very last command must be RTS. The full working machine code routine is shown in Program l. You can’t type these instructions in Some form of Basic, of course.

such as Atari’s Assembler Editor cartridge. This can accept Program in its listed form (which is known as source code) and will convert it into object code — a string of numbers which the 6502 processor can understand. Since we’re planning to run this routine from inside Basic, it has to be stored in memory along with the Basic program. The easiest way of doing assembler

is needed, I

this

is

to write the numbers into your

Basic program in the form of DATA statements and get Basic to put them into an appropriate memory location Program II shows one way of doing it. But first you need to convert your source code into decimal numbers.

Any Assembler will work out the numbers for you, but it will usually display them in hexadecimal form. Converting them into their decimal equivalents is easy enough for small routines —1ust look up the correspon— ding numbers in tables, or use a hexto-decimal converter program such as Program III. But for longer routines it’s worth using a more sophisticated program which will do all the conversion and also wme the DATA Statements for .

.

-

38

STA

50

F9 70 “A” “W“ FOR

29 30 DATA

6

68

Decimal

LDA

#? 51A 715

A9

HTS

80 66 $2 6B

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169 141

ll 1932

95

decimal numbers have to be stored somewhere safe in memory, and Page6 (addresses 1536 to 1791lis a good place to use while you’re

These

learning. Try running Program

II:

If

all is

well

the screen will turn black. No big deal so far, but here's something interesting to try press Reset to restore the blue screen colour and type NEW to get rid of the Basic program. Now type X=USR(1536) and hit Return —the screen goes black again— even though there’s no visible program in memory. The reason is, of —

Turn to Page 10 b

gall"

a

?

CH“(125}3_,1,“9”

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40 S“)

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II: Basic

number

THEN

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LEN(A$)>2 THEN ? ”Only two gm 6 please":? more 30 56 N=1:GOSUB 80:ll1=x 69 N=2:GOSUB 80:N2=x " 75 '-‘ ";CHR3(28);'= ';Ni*16+ll2='-’ :

43 IF

igns,

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10 use 20 VGY

Program

Asm?iflé)=95="912345678933W

?gxsg?ugd'

1536+X,D:NEXT x

X=USR(1536)

$5 715

Program I: Machine code routine to change colour of screen

I

1M

PLA

iiiii 1“

in i-sm

loll

Hexadecimal

Source code

33

-

m L“

you — we'll give you one next month. The four-line routine at Program translates like this:

—

iii 29

Ion

u “c

9

I

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Program I/l: Hexidecima/ to Decimal converter November 1987 Atari User 9

4 From Page 9 STICK=$278

1D

course, that NEW doesn’t wipe page .

.

6,

3?VZ°U“.IJT3$2“Svi‘é?’i’?‘fl'é?“all? p '.

lfwewereto write-line_40|nlEnglish, it would go something like this: Stop processing the 33510 program, execute the machine code routine whose first instruction is at address 1536, then return to the Basic program and resume at the instruction immediately following this USR .

.

.

.

1D

contains

8 LIN

“255

DONE

9159

AND

#1

E110

BNE

BIT1

BIB

BCS

DONE

“ye left? Branch if not

0320

DEC

HPos

HPos=HPos-1

ill?

DONE

Unconditional bra

HOLD

Get

LDA CHP

E335 “Ch

bit 9 Branch If it's CheCk

Is there

VHIN

move

VPDS

005 0112 DEC vpos JllP

Tell the

to

room

will

when CDTH

Set blink

DELAY

31”

“29 stick

Get

HOLD

AND

#2

0115

0112

value

check bit Br anc h ‘1 11:5

§°f?

9165

STA

li

“la"lle or vice

CHKCT

v

em Lin 015m

Reset

rate every STA cimivz routine is called

fla

sh

0100

5193 Basic

LDA

ms VllAX

BCS

0112

'

'

15 there room move down?

Branch if Otherwise

INC VPos

Return

DELAY

to

*=*+l

Program IV: Machine code ?ashing cursor 10 Atari User November

1987

1

to

room

Stick value

I!

‘

#8 nous

AND

Check

to

not vros=vr

bit

3

LDA

HPOS

Branch if it's 1 Is there room to

cup

HHAX

move

BCS

DDNE

INC

HPOS

BNE

right?

Branch if not then HP05=HPOS+1

DONE

Return

.

to Basn

0

80 .BYTE 118 .BYTE 159 .BYTE 0 am 79

0469 VPDS 0470 llllAX 0180 1111111 0190 VIIAX 0500 vm

1

Program a

VI.’

flashing

one of the

Machine code etch-a-skerch

Jam

0

routine

routine which uses

cursor

internal System Timers

—

something that Basic can't do. It’s quite a short routine, but it does the job perfectly well. Press Reset to stop the cursor flashing, and repeat the USR command gomg again.

at line 40 to start it

-

-

It

is

much fastee. The

90mmands, on the other are difficult to prohand, gram in machine code, so we leave these jobs to Basic, which finds them saw You can play around with Program VII by changing the last SIX DATA '

'

20

um 104,169,16,111,i0,2,169,0,141,

111,2,169,lll,141,31,6,173,243,2,73 DATA 2,161,243,2,173,31,6,141,26,2,

32

m. V: Basic

Graphics modes.

. Next month

,

we

ll

[09k at how USE

can be made to transmit data, such as ' var/a bl e va I 1.163 or th e resu I ts 9 f ant'h from Basw to the met/cal .

calculations, machine code routine. _

.

.

.

3350133} 125223332?gi????ii?zf’“ 20

01111 104,173,120,2,z01,15,240,70,1l 1,87,6,41,1,208,14,173,93,6,205,89 3! DNA 6,176,24,286,89,6,76,47,6,173, 87,6)“r2,208,111173r89,6,205 40 am 92,6,170,3,238,89,6,173,87,e,i

gégigirlg?nggég6éguglgglgé I l I I I I I I ”3

I 87

6

,6,41,8,208,11,173,88,6,205,90 6,176,3,238,as,6,90,0,40,20,79 '

100 COLOR

Gen;

20 DGV 39 UTl 110

SAD

(L) (E) (3)

loader for Program IV

l EE

’

«(10251 9g X=USRI1536) 1:PLOT

-5°T° 3“

40 X=USRI1536)

Program

numbers in line 60. These control, in order, the pixel's X and Y starting pos~ ition and the maximum/minimum limits for horizontal and vertical movement. By altering these values you can tailor the routine to suit other

63 gal:

tine the

ll'l'S

b

.

'

1

b“ 2 if it's

Is there

11

1

CHP

M

323311512I BYTE 0450 HPDS am

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Unconditional bra

GRAPHICS and PLOT

JSR

value

ack

up'."

BLINK

0170

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I1

Branch "If not Otherwise vpos=vp

3112

machine code

,

“1°"

OS+1

5345

i?“

clip Hpos

take no action Store stick value

reads the joystick, checks that boundaries will not be exceeded and calculates the new X and Y coordinates. Basic could do all these thin s, but

”b h“ k" r

through this address 5155 STA CDTllA2+l v2 counts down to 0 D118 LDA #10

“3g

BEQ

VIl.

ggmpgtzrcgg?zg _ mm mm H 90 LDA HUM/256

STA

I 70

screen

the

Elia

Branch

VI is a simple Etch—a-sketch routine, loaded from Bas1c in Program

40 "$600 59 SETVEC all

BllE BIT3 LDA HHIN

-

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$285 0299 5355

Program

CDTMZ=$228

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0190 0200 0210 0220 0230 0240

"umbefWJ"

be loaded

CllP

LDA

have

V,

stick If stick centered

Read

0100 ac

“Stead we use

Program lV, which can from Basic using Program

Get

nch

-

X=USR(,1536)returned I”? X,lt1s usually of no Significance, so you can regard X as a dummy variable. And of course you need not use the letter X — any variable name will do _ but be careful you don't overwrite any variables you're currently using. We’ll finish this month by looking at a couple of programs which use USR, first to do something outside Basic’s capacity and second to do a conventional job faster than Basic.

65

017g

gf?ggzaxit?liaetgc'feevfd?'sd Na)” 5° a

STICK

0150 05-1 0160

USR is a function, like PEEK or STRIG, so it needs an argument to make it work. In Program II we could have used PRINT USR(1536) or LIST

A'tT‘QUQh

LDA

G13G 011.0

_

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In

SE

0120

.

_

L“ "OLD “229 ”2” 1“ ,., 3C

80 STA HOLD 90 BITE

statement. Th 93V" t ax?fUSR 533". b_e a b't 0°" fUS'ng — Whats the Slgnlflcance Of X, for example? Well, remember that

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Program VII: Basic loader for Program

VI

to microcomMANY newcomers puting are puzzled by the multitude of technical terms and jargon used by the so-called computer experts and sales repesentatives. It Is strange how straightforward words and Phrases take 0" a when completely different meamng used in a computing context. So we have compiled this easy-to-read for the guide to computer jargon _

now“:

Of the

JAMES. PIE “Hr-ave|§ some of

mysterles

m|cro

largon

0 ”Delivery will be at the end of the month”— Another way of stating the universa| constant, for the innu-

P

merate.

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We ve had week.

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It in

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0 “Will be available sometime next year”— We lost the blueprints. r’

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0 “Comprehensive documentation”— Roughly photocopied bundle of mis— masquerading as a '

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ATAQI OWNER

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We don't know 0 “Standard” enough about other interfaces to know why it won’t work with yours.

lg

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whatsoever '

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39 gg?rztgzlg esygiimsix38:1?2'22 whenever you find the bugs in the last one we SOId you.

. “The program can easily be modi?ed to run on other versions of Sometimes seen Atari computers”

0 “User friend/y"-— You are asked for every little option and parameter to

\\

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use

any intelligence the author might have falsely indicated to the reader.

,v

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at the end of articles: A disclaimer for

(? ?;

—

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£3 0 ”Compatible with all Atari add-ons” Will not work with your computer about unless you know more interfacing than we dO-

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far eXtiZtsilcglel(135321181753:fono ,,

Q ”Will be available later in the year” We discovered a few problems.

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in stock”— When the closing date for the advertisementwas reached three weeks ago, we were promised delivery inside a fortnight.

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We have 0 ”Universal standard” tried it out on every Atari we could get

see if it needs to be included. This will take at least 10 minutes and you will the whole lot again haveto go through If you want to change something.

—

I

Q”

l

l

our hands on.

0 “Industry standard” We copied the design from someone else, and

\

—

they say it works. Q ”Guaranteed

delivery within

27 as

universal constant, you ask the question, delivery will always be within 21 days.

days”

—

whenever

A

|

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,, Its 0 U Powerful can't understand it.

l

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Q “Uses your own Was display”— Sometimes you may actually be able to read what is on the display as well. a

to use”— The average graduate of computer science should experience no difficulty.

0 ”Easy

,

so

good, even

we

0 “Advanced”—So complex, even the programmer can’t understand it. Turn to Page 12 > November 1987 Atari User

11

4 From Page

Q ”Firmware" hardware.

11

0 “Easily expandable” There’s a lot of sockets on it, but we don’t know —

Of

3

Another

—

0 ,, Shadowram ,, —Memory

~

work

what to do with them.

in

_

ChIpS that

the dark.

0 “Second

0 ”A must for every Atari user" It’s nothing new and we couldn’t think of anything original to say about it.

for

name

The first one processqr” sold you doesnt actually enable to do anything useful, for that you, ll you need a new one.

—

—

we

Q ”Rom"— An illiterate ram.

0 "Massive

ram”

Mean looking

—

beast, approach with extreme care.

ég

Q “WYSIWYG” — What you see is what you get. We don’t supply the plug, the cassette lead, the instructlons...

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0

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0 "Buy now at special/y discounted prices” The product is about to be discontinued.

\

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Q ”WIMP” — Any computer literate person of non-Atari persuasion.

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??f’ciffctf‘z‘ggo’m Supplier: Master-Ironic, 8—70 Paul Street, London EczA 4JH. 79/5 07-377 3477

beautiful Corrine, beloved wife of Storm the Warrior, has been captured by the evil minions of Una Cum and is being held priTHE

'soner in his laboratory somewhere within his castle.

Storm has decided to make his way there and hack and slash and generally chop anything that gets in his way. To aid him, Storm has enlisted the help of his comrade and powerful wizard- Agravain the Undead. Luckily forthe two heroes, Una Cum has left his castle

Big ht

o

Program: On Cue Price: £199 Supp/fer: Mastertronic, 8—70 Pau/ Street, London ECZA 4JH, Te/:01-3778477

DON’T worry if you can't decide whether you’d prefer to play a snooker or a pool simulation on your computer, On Cue gives you both of these green baize games on a single cassette. That works out atjust under £1 a

simulation.

And the games are good. Most of the display is taken

upwith

an

overheadviewof

black (not green) table with red cushions. At the bottom of the screen is a message area used for keeping a record of the score, whose turn it is and a

various prompts. The balls are

clearly

depicted and it is not difficult to distinguish between

-,

-.

::

to search for a mystical box called The Fear. So off they "Qt to create complete havoc and destruction. The game has a two— player option (Storm and Agravain the Undead with the respectively) heroes controlled by joy-

PLQVER 2

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through the game avoiding the deadly traps while watching out for Una Cum's evil minions who lurk around the castle. The on-screen display has the score and energy level for both players at the top with the main game screen directly underneath. Here are some useful starting points: You must collect three brooches before you are able to unlock the door to Una Cum's

laboratory.

o

The armour will provide protection for you against Una’s evil minions, while food and restorative fluids will improve your energy levels.

Various scrolls and amulets will temporarily destroy the evil horde, and

the Mask magic is very powerful so use it wisely. While Cabbalas will release traps, sometimes this will land you in trouble. The inlay card describes this game as a thrilling,

highly addictive arcade adventure—itimpressed me because of the quality. if you want a challenge but don't want to break the bank, buy Storm and see how much havoc you can cause on

peaceful sunny

a

day. Elizabeth Jones Graphics-.--..........................6

SOUHd

valuef‘”money~---------------7

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the colours. For example, the black ball in snooker is 30 SPGC'Q'Wmarked 15th V0“ can pick It out against the black background. Controlling your shots (W'th a single jOVSt'Ck only) is simple and involves three stages. You are prompted by an appropriate instruction in the message area at the bottom of the screen at each step of the way. First you move across to the point at which you are aiming. Then you select the direction of the spin. Finally you dictate the strength of the shot by setting the power meter — and away flies the ball. From time to time it may be necessary to position the cue ball this, too, is accomplished with a simple joystick movement. There is also an option to edit the table. —

move

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quite

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smoothly and while some of the collision effects are a little

unpredictable

sometimes

a

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ball may stop

suddenly or continue rolling for longer than seems probable—overallthe simulation is quite decent.

The cassette has been recorded so that both games are present on both sides of the tape, with snooker being first on one side and pool first on the other. Athoughtful touch. You can opt to play

against another player

or

the

computer and the micro’s skill level can be adjusted to suit your own

taste.

On Cue is an entertaining pool and snooker simu-

Iation. At this low price, it represents an opportunity too good to be missed, Bob

Chappe"

Sound G’aPh’F§---~-~-~-------------~~~-~

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November 7987 Atari User 13

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Product: 780 Price: £2.99 Supplier: Mastertronic, 8-70 Paul Street, London ECZA 4JH. Tel: 07-377 8417

were to talk of the

"crafty sport would you visualise? The only possible answer could IF

l

cockney", which

be darts and 180 is the new darts game from Mastertronic.

You have three basic options: Practice, tournament or the two-player

game. The practice game is very useful and I recom— mend that you play it to get a feel of the joystick movements. You are playing against the clock and have to hit the

numbers

in sequence

from

20 to 1. This isn’t easy but is fun and can improve . your aim for the competition .

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individual style with favourite own doubles and fini-

shing techniques. The instructions said that it is useful to work these out but it didn't improve my game greatly. The choice of opponent is random and so you get a different game almost every time. The main game is standard matchplay darts, where two players play against one .

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THERE

two were once brothers, Learic and Lean-

oric, extremely knowledgable in the arts of magic, and they lived together in peace and quiet in the small village of Little Dullford.

Then one summer Leanoric turned his brotherintoa frog. Not a very nice thing to do to anyone, let alone your own brother. After a week, Learic was restored to human form, but already the dark clouds of a feud were beginning to build up. Then everything changed. The forest went quiet, then shouts, bangs and explosions erupted from the trees. Leanoricleft his house 74

Atari User November 1987

wote. e” 9° mbiadf)

That’s the story, so on with the game. Leanoric is now your deadly enemy, and will

do his utmost to destroy you. So, as all good feuds go, you have to destroy your brother, or be des-

troyed.

To do so, you must travel around the kingdom (mainly in the garden of the farmer Hieke) collecting herbs in order to mix and cast spells

of different results. But the villagers,

especi-

ally Hieke, don't take kindly to warring wizards fighting it out in their back yards, especially Learic (for some unknown reason), who is controlled by you. To collecta herb, you just stand in front of it and walk towards it. Learic will then

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for money. If you score the magic 180 the computer will let out a digitised yell of ”180!".

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bend down and pick up the herb. Then the page on which the herb is shown will sud—

denly flap into view

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(a nice

touch). To mix a spell, you have to stand in front of the cauldron, press fire and left or right to move to the page in the spell book with the spell that is required. Release the fire button, and bingo, the spell will be

mixed, but only if you have both ingredients (shown in red). You will then be armed with that spell.

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graphics are

The

the movement ofthe hand is very smooth and this game will give the enthusiast hours of lasting enjoyment, cheaply. Ruth James

.

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to see who can first. The winner must win on a two out of three basis called a set. You can aim at any part of the dart board but you must remember that you have to finish on a double. You aim with the joystick. dartboard When the appears push your joystick upto setthe handin motion, all movement is by using the diagonals, and the dart is released by pressing fire. The game containsa lot of humour and IS superb value

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to move to the other snde of the Village, and the

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into the tournament at the quarter final stage and have to beat three opponents to win chamthe world

pionship. Your opponents all have improbable names such as Belly Bill, Limp-Wrist Larry and the World Champion is called Jammy Jim. Each player has his

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Program: Milk Race Price: £7.99

Supplier: Mastertronic,

g Paul Street, London EC7A

4JH. Tel: 074778477

THERE have been racing games galore on the Atari and most seem to bear more than a passing resemblance to Pole Position. Now Mastertronic has released Milk Race, the target of which is to win a cycle race around Britain. You start in Newcastle, and must make your way down to London before a certain date in order to win the race. The game starts with a nice piece of music, and a

colourful splash over the page. You are also presentedwith the option to

title

turn the music on or off. You begin on the line with

-

Product: Druid Price: £9.95/cassene)f14.95 (disc)

Supplier: Firebird, First

Floor, 54.53 New Oxford Street, London wcrA 1Ps. Tel: 01-379 6755

W the kingdom of Belorn balance of power and peace has been held for many years. But this peace has now been upset by the arrival of four demon princes, who have appeared

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If you do manage to pull away without mishap, you can work your way through the bike’s 12 gears to gain

maximum speed. As you speed up your

energy level decreases, so you must collect pints of milk, found in bottles strewn along the roadside, to your replenish falling energy stock. These come few and far between, so when you do see one make sure you get to it before the other racers, or they'll take it. Cars also zoom along the roads (which in itself is strange, as cars are banned from travelling along the

same roads as the racers) so make sure they don’t hit you, or it’llcost you another

few precious moments. Crowds watch from the but some roadside,

spectators must be as fast as the racers, as they reappear every so often along the route. The racers are all exactly the same, so it’s almost impossible to tell who you are without waggling the joystick from side to side,

thereby losing precious time.

is Gaining speed extremely difficult, and when you do actually

manage to collect a milk bottle, the energy level rises by a most insignificant amount. lam more thana little dis-

appointed.

Robert Swan

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infested with hords of evil creatures including snakes,

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slimes, beetles and demons. Your only weapons are the awesome spells you have at your disposal if you find the magic chests con-

taining them. Most effective is the golem spell, which createsa

creature to protect you. You have the option of controlling the golem by joystick or having the computer control him for you. As you move around the various levels you will find

through an interdimensional gateway and arrived in the dungeon of the thoroughly evil Lich Acamantor. Terror has now spread several chests. Opening them is simple across the kingdom, and the just walk on to them. You will now be task of their destruction has able to use the spells conbeen passed into your ward. tained within. As the last of the Great Druids you must heroicly However, this acquisition —

cast aside all fears and do

is not without

mortal combat with the evil

you have removed anything from a chest the Prince of

ones.

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few other racers when the starter waves a flag, and you’re Off. Well, "Ot qute- Other do have a nasty racers tendency to cycle up behind you and knock you off.

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risk, as once

Darkness

will sense that it

has‘been opened and destroy it so that no more spells can be taken from it again.

If any ofthe creatures you encounter touch you they will drain your energy reserves — indicated by a bar in the top left of the screen. To recharge your energy, Pentagrams of Life have been scattered around. By standing on them you will be partially restored. Creatures can be destroyed with spells by pressing the fire

button. Stairs

are

scattered

around the dungeon levels and allow you to go up or down levels. I enjoyed Druid — an arcade style shoot-em-up, which involves thought if you want to finish. The

graphics

are

clear, the

sound acceptable, and the scrolling very smooth. Neil

Fawcett

Graphics..............................8 Sound-5:-----------------------------.-

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Playabrlrty.................,...,.....8 3

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will escape tunnel appear. This is the easy part of the game, and luckily the boulders scattered around the screen fall in predictable patterns. This does however leave the growing amoebas, fireflies and butterflies. You will have to kill them to turn them into jewels. And a great deal of thinking and strategy is required if you want to survive. You start with three lives and gain an extra one for every 500 points scored. Another life is also gained if you succeed in finishing a

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THIS is one of those games where I would like to take the programmer by the hand and give it a good shake. Very rarely do get addicted to a game, but this one had me playing until early in the morning. You are met by a superb title screen and from there it gets better. The game has I

everything going forit,stunning graphics, superb scrol-

ling, neat sound effects and the cutest little hero you would ever want, Rockford the rockmite. Game play is as for the original Boulderdash and .

.

Tricky Program' Escape Part '

bonus screen.

ad

text 7

and

2

Price: £3.95 each (cassette) £475 (disc) Supplier; AD400, 40 Chi/tern Gardens, New Malden, Surrey KT3 6RT.

e

mentioning is that owners of smaller Ataris have been starved of good adventures, and any decent programs that try to satisfy this hunger deserve to be treated with respect. As special agent AD400, Escape Part sets you down in a foreign prison. Not only must you set about an 1

ESCAPE is a two part text adventure designed to run on smaller-memory Atari Micros (those with at least 16k). Availability is by mail order only, Escape follows the traditional path of text

adventures for memory machines.

limited

That is,

locations, vocabulary and descriptions are necessarily restricted and input is generally of the single verb and

noun

variety. However, what

marks Escape for special attention is the fact that a lot of solid puzzles have been crammed into each of the two parts,

making them especially good value for money. Another point worth 16 Atari User November 1987

escape attempt, but you must also make adequate preparation for Part 2. The second part cannot be played until you have successfully completed Part 1 — you need a special password that only victory in Part 1 will produce. You begin in the prisoner’s quarters in which there is a stove and mirror. Your door is not locked, and you are free to roam the prison's inner confines. However, escape is not a going to be that easy —

guard patrol.

is

constantly

on

While nothing nasty will happen ifhe catchesyou out

There are 16 caves (A—P) to conquer each consisting of several scrolling screens, not including the four

intermission screens.

has five difficulty levels and you have a choice of four caves from which you can startlA,E,l or Each cave

M). You can choose a combin~ ation of level and starting cave from the main menu using the joystick. On levels four and five you must start in cave A. .

,

.

Rockford 5 animation

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superb; if you leave him standing around for too

his foot and

long he stamps blinks at you.

if you haven't been initiated into the world of Rockwell here is your chance, so don’t miss out. Neil Fawcett

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of your cell, he will confiscate any object you happen to be carrying and return it to its rightful place. And he’s not the only one who will retrieve any items you are not supposed to have. The governor, mail clerk and store clerk are ever vigilant too.

Locations guardhouse,

include

a

mess hall, kitchen, stores and offices of the mail clerk, governor and store clerk. There are other places, but most can only be accessed after you’ve found the entrances or unlocked

locked doors. Escape Part

1

is

fairly

straightforward, but by

no means a walk—over. Part 2 is a shade tougher. In this you must complete your escape

from the prison.

You start just outside the is dark but there's a full moon and a

gatehouse. It

breeze. In the stores nearbyyou’“ find a map, compass, bottle,

light

candle, wire cutters, mail-

bag, matches, coal dust and

chocolate perhaps you amassed this collection Part 1? during There are some neat puzzles in this adventure, my favourite being the one which involves making your —

face less likely to be seen in the dark. As the author told me, all you need is logic. Escape Parts

1

and 2 are

good value for money, containing as they do a good variety of puzzles and an enjoyable challenge. You

can

obtain

even

better value if you buy the two parts together (tape £6.75, disc £7.75). These are two little gems you would be well advised

to acquire. Bob Chappell

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that position as a point of your shape. To help you draw the shapes you

can add a grid of lines or dots. Press— ing G will display a grid of lines 10 pixels apart and pressing D will display a grid of dots each five pixels apart. Pressing the same key again

Type in Listing l and use the new Get it Right checksum program to ensure you have made no errors. When you run the program you are first asked to enter the maximum number of points for your shapes and here you must type in the number of corners the most irregular one will

.

-

be moved around by the cursor keys or a joystick. Pressing Fire on the joy— stick or Return on the keyboard will set

Iimitations.

-

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have. The display will then show a flashing dot on the screen which can

the power to tween several objects, using up to about 50 points, a number which is determined only by memory

.

-

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TWEENING—shortfor in betweening is the changing of one shape to another. The shapes involved are mainly wireframe and amazing effects such as the title screen in Electraglide can be achieved. The listing presented here gives you

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will toggle the grid off. To tween two shapes which have different numbers of points, the shape which has the least number will have one corner as two corners, so it will appear that the shape has one side less that it really has (see Figure I).

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MAIN VARIABLES Maximum x and y coordinates for the drawing area MINX,MINY Minimum x and y coordinates for the drawing area F Number of points to each shape X,Y Current x and y positions of the drawing

MAXX,MAXY

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cursor

-

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Colour of the pixel under the cursor Colour that the line to the current point will be AX(),AY() Location of each point for shape A BXO,BY() Location of each point for shape B Horizontal step for moving betweenAX HZ() ACTUAL

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of the delay during animation of

the tweening

indicating whether the grid is on or 0Flfafig Flag indicating whether the dots are on or off .

18 Atari

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This can be done with any number of points, so that any wireframe shape may be tweened to any other. Pressing C before setting a point on the screen will toggle the colour of the line to that point between white and black so you can draw invisible lines as

A

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point

is

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Figure

last

which allows you to animate the tweening again (R), re-run the program with new shapes (C) or quit (Q). If you don’t want to type the points each time you run the program, Listing ll adds load and save features to it. Unfortunately it also restricts the number of usable points to about 30. To merge this new routine with Listing type it in alone and list it to tape or LISTor disc using LIST”C:” ”D:filename". Then load Listing and merge the newlines using ENTER”C” or ENTER” D:filename”. When you run the new program you will be prompted at the appropriate places to load or save sets of points if you wish. menu,

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rm" to Page 20 >

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l

four-Sided object

a

So that's how to tween one shape into another. You can create fascinating displays that will keep your friends mesmerised for hours.

Pressing any other key will freeze

animation, and transfer you to the

H

Point A becomes point F Point B becomes point G Point C becomes point H Points D and E become point

D

and its new

high speed. Pressing < will slow the animation down and > will increase the speed.

/

C

‘

location displayed on the screen as a shape. This screen is stored in memory for recall later. This process is repeated 13 times, and may take quite a while as each point is recalculated. On finishing, the program proceeds to animate the tweening at

—/ G/ /

’

the drawing. Once both the objects have been drawn another sub-menu will appear giving you the option to join up the first and last points of the shapes or break them so that they are not jomed up. The menu tells you whether these points are currently joined. Once everything has been set up the computer takes control. Initially it draws your two shapes and joins each point to each corresponding point, ignoring invisible lines. This shows the path each point should take. Then it asks you to press a key, and begins calculating the tweening. This is the slow part of the program. '

i

I/

/

B

F

—

/

I

/

part of your display.

This may only be done with the first shape and when the second is being drawn, then the colour which has already been selected on the first shape will be shown at the bottom of the screen. An invisible line will not overwrite a white line that has been drawn so it is possible to tween more than one object. Each object tweened is connected by an invisible line. The current colour, point and shape number are displayed in the text window below

'

—————

W

-

LISTING | BREAKDOWN routines Sets up the machine code 5000 onwards for lines at subroutine the Uses

40 50

input of

50505061

colour

shapes

relevantpoint, Draw each shape, joining each

120-150

lines and Wait for a key to be pressed for each point Calculate the size of the step will make up the Sets up the values which each stage points to the shape at it as the first Draw the first shape and stores frame in memory

260-280

365

5110 5120-5140 5145

A simple menu Two machine code routines for page-flipping Userto give taken from the July issue ofAtari

370-440 1000-1020

pressed the line to the point to Change the colour of be set under the cursor Sets the colour of the point

2000-2090 5000-5350 5010 5020

5030 5035

shapes Uses the

subroutine at 6220 to draw a frame the drawing area for will be set Indicates which number point if the second colour line current the Show shape is being drawn be if you Show which colour the line will

5058.5059

24l

4 From Page 19

NEXT

the next point Completes the loop for the shape if Join up the first and last points of invisible not is the last line the next shape Repeats the loop for the first and last Check to see if you want

5250 5255-5257 5260 5270-5350

points joined up Draw a border to the work area which indicates Toggle the variable dots on or off is dot pattern whether the border Draws the dot pattern and the off or on Turn the variable grid Draws the grid and the border

6220-6310 6900,6910 6920 7000.7100 7020

R

END T0

gig égtgzgg0THEN 9”

P:PX(R)=AX(R):PY(R)=AY(

§§QNEQR 2:1 9p

”5

g’an"

10

REM

THEENING

20

REM

BY

30 39

REM

(c)ATARI us

REM

SET

up

MACH§ZE CODE

40

FOR

R=0

TO

81:READ

NEXT

SIMON

27g A'POKE .

1536 +R,A.-

1

F?é§$i§gkg§

P-1:COLOR 1:1; COL(T+1) pX(T),PY(T):DRAHT0 PX(T+1

NEXT

2,0,0

-

lif§>cli?3§?la

T‘IF C°L(l)=1

THEN

DRANTO

PX(

. 0 X ( AX(R+1),AY(R+1):NEXT R-ORAMTO 1),AY(1) FOR R=1 T0 P-1:PLOT BX(R)IBY(R)'DR 130 T0 BX(R+1) ’ BY(R+1):NEXT R--DRAMTO 0x1

AUTO

'

1),0¥(1)

350

FOR

T=1

DISPLAY

033; 25: PHICS 1

ORAuTO

TO

P:PLOT

AX(R) ’ AY(R)'DRA ‘

BX(R),BY(R):NEXT R 160 7 CHRS(125):? "Pr ess E 764,255 175 I; PEEK<764)=255 THEN

u

PX(

key...

a

STEP

20 Atari User November 7987

Mx

-

REM

<

'

STORE=66

R=1

FOR

T0

7°

13‘A=U5R“577 2055:NEXT

13:A=USR(1577

TORE=STORE'5:Gosua 254” GOTO 2010

365 6010 2900 369 REM OPTIONS

ZGSB

37“ 7 "R’Repeat tv eenTng,C)ContTnue H1 th new co-ordTnates,or Q) to Quit " 375 POKE 764'255 #1,A:CLOSE 01 > 6 THEN £33 $§E2$114,0/K:HGET A=A-32 400 IF 0:82 THEN 365 110 IF 0:07 THEN RUN '

Tzl

FOR

T0

ZQSUzNEXT

S'IF -

PE

-

'

CALCULA

R=1

FOR

'ST0RE)zSTORE=STORE+szGOSUB

N

N

ST

0RE).S .

R

-

EK(764)-255

THE

. T'RETURN RE" SLO” DOHN

EXT

'

CALCULA

t° °°”‘i””9---”

>

Sg??psfge

253”

R

'

STEP

£§0 VT(R)=(BY(R)-AY(R))/ VERTICAL

.POK

179 STEPS

200 Mx=12-REM . NUMBER 0 F 210 FOR R=1 T0 p 220 HZ(R)=(BX(R)-AX(R))/HX:REH HORIZONTAL

n.

, 0 I 0:6010R

R

355 A=USR(1536,STORE):ST0RE=ST0RE+5

36“ "EXT

TO

key

'

2015 TNEN

2

to slow down or spe and. -dexcept: T“ee”‘”9'”=P°KE 764,255

1)'PY(1) R=1

0001C§R?(125) Press any 1"

THEENING STEP P-‘l:COLOR l:IF couh”

T:IF COL(1)=1

TUEENING

14:55TC0L0R

.

PX(T),Py(T):DRAHTO Px(T+1

NEXT

169

2?8’234'96

P

jlpj?$§1§LOT ' 351

jg?éZ34 DATA 96'164’124'104'1‘1'63'6

l

5

’

EACH T0

i33§7§0f23§gg75g'24;'232'258'247 ' ' , 33 ’ 22 I 6 l 200 ' 192 I

0080111101201213101211?“ ' I , l ,6,2M,l92,5 '

31” PX<T>=PX(T)+HZ<T) py(T)=py(T)+VT(T) ?ig ”EXT 7 340 GRAPHICS 14‘SETC°L°R zr?r?=C°L0R RE" DRA"

DATA

73,141,65,6,1O9,110,111,66,O,16

230 A=U5Rll536fSTORE):STORE=sTORE+5 12

349

"

169 72 104,104,104,?1?,25,6 I 141'21’6’169'“8'1“r22/6/160,0,16§,0'

1000

T0

= 511 18111 R

5000 120 GRAPHICS 11:0 OLOR 1.5ETCOLOR :ST0RE=66 125 REM DRAU SHAPES IGNO 130 FOR R=1 TO P-1:PLOT

YE

T=l

2,0,0:COLOR

1)’PY(1)

R

FOR

FOR

'

* ;1Pf?$N1§L°T '

REASON

11 11," SUB

150

1

259 RE" ORA“

26”

_

second shape is being drawn drawn, no line is If the first point is being drawn to it from the Draw a line of the appropriate colour last point to the current point

5200-5230

coordinatesfor the cursor, and the colour the the colour under the cursor drawn be will line the current of the DlMensionsthe variables for the points

5052 5055-5057

to 1 the shape if the first Assigns the point set to drawn is being shape to the shape if the Assigns the point set

5190

errors Sets up the x and y

5026

~

5180

smooth animation Animation routine input the objects area Sets up the size of the drawing checking for of number points, the lNPUTs

.

pressed under the Takes the new colour of the pixel moved been has cursor if the cursor Flash the cursor Return has been Checks to see if Fire or

the program 51485149 The main tweening part of calculated are frames further where 12 5160 2000 to animate Uses the routine found at smoothly the stored frames 5170

290-360

G

D or

checks for

and

Move the cursor

5070-5100

ignoring invisible

160-170 200-240 250

the first shape is being drawn press C when and Take joystick and keyboard responses the correct with current point the also plot

2?59

PEEK(764):54

THEN

gfégséF ' 2069

REM

IF

5070

SPEED

' S=S+1'P°KE

7

up

PEEK(764)=55

ANO

s>0

THEN

5:5-

[HM 2075

IF

2080 370

IF

PEEX(764)=55 THEN POKE 764,255 PEE1((764)<>255 THEN POP :GOTO

2090

NEXT

4999

REM

,ACT0AL 5120 IF

T:RETORN ORAH

OBJECTS (A)

THO

(B)

ANO

5000 5010

GRAPHICS 0:5ETCOLOR

5020

<2

2,0,0

AREA.

ORAHING

OF

”How

?

many

P<>INT(P)

OR

5026 5029

points”;:INPUT P:IF P>50

OR

P

5020

THEN

DIMENSION ACCORDING

REM

5035

00500 6220

5039 5040

REM

LOOP

FOR

SHAPE=1

TO

2

5050 FOR R=1 TO P 5052 2 CHR$(125):? "This is point ";R; of shape ";SHAPE;” 50511 ? ”Use joystick and cursor keys t 0 move, and press fire to set a point. ThTs

?

(me

0111

be

;:1F

COL(R)

”Nh1te";:GOTO 5060 "black“:GOTO 5060 '

THEN 1

5058

IF

,

_

COL-0 THEN 1 Or 5° lo “ hT'te“

,

,

1:

to make

p

l ttT'n 9 _‘” g 5859 IF COL-1 THEN ? Or 6 to make p °‘” ' _“ 536 sT-STIC1((0).COLOR ACTOAL:PLOT x,1 5061 PKE=PEEK(764)'POKE ‘ 764 ’ 255 5065 X1=X'Y‘I=Y ' ,

,

9,”

”69

RE" "OVEHENT IF (ST=111 OR ST=1B OR ST=6 OR PKE =14) ANO 1>MIN1 THEN 1:1-1 5075 IF PKE=58 THEN 60808 6900 _ ”76 IF PKE'“ WE" 505“ 7000 IF (ST=9 OR 31:13 OR 51:5 OR PKE= 5080 5) AND 1<MAX1 THEN 1=1+1 5090 11 (51:10 OR 87:11 OR ST=9 OR PKE =6) ANO X>MINX THEN X=X-1

REM

é,

IF STRIG(0)_=0 OR PKE=12 THEN IF SHAPE=2 THEN 5150

5147

REM

TOGGLE

”E" “M‘s” 5160

ACT00L=1 IF SHAPE=1 THEN

ANO

SHAPE=1

ANO

SHAPE=1

5220

R=1

525“

NEXT

5255 5256

IF IF

THEN

5250

5260

SHAPE=1

THEN

COLOR

1:0RA11TO

AX

SHAPE=2

THEN

COLOR

1:ORAHTo

BX

(1) ,Ay(1) 5257 5260

IF

50 RHN 120 1s1 125 DES 130 xvr

14016N 150 P49 160 1141 170 LJE 200 101 210 T7V 220 230

11011

x711

240 (132

(R)

(7) (9) (9) (2) (V) (0) (V) (E) (3) (1) (2)

_

PEE1((764)-35

THEN

5340

IF

PEE1((764)<>13

(D)

250 T0X (P) 255 259

FKK E1T

260

DYO

270

1160

(D)

(1) (9) (7)

(C)

(11)

THEN

5120 5130

DES

(R)

(F) DFS (E) 5145 4PT (3) 5146 622 (1) 5147 015 (K) 5148 0614 (T)

5035 5039

E11N

(V)

5040

HM3

3114

(N)

(4)

DéF

(R)

5050 5052 5054

1111

m

(C)

2000 2001 2005

1191

(7) (1) (1)

2010 2030 2040

H5? (5) 60C (2) P5E (9)

6115

(11)

DNF

(9)

QC3

(L) (3) (F) (K) (P) (5) (7) (K) (4) (5)

2050 2059 2060 2069 2070 2075

DJP

(1))

EVD (X) 3301173 (1)

001

R09 E50 41(r TTG

380 301) 390 m 400 4113 410 063 420 9T3 440 R511 999 E1(1 1000

5811

(e) (0)

7NL (11)

(7)

320

355 360 365 369 370 375

(8) (2)

KPF

0110

_

.

,

/;

, 51

.

f/f/f

_ > q;

‘24

{42 if“,

????29?

?t;A/

“a,

j

.x‘

v

f

_

COL(1)-0.COT _

9,114

5300

'

310

350 351

‘

,,

5350

5030

“L

'

.

6290 8,115 6300

PLOT

6310

RETURN

1,45:ORAHTO

ORAHTO

1,11S:DRA1110

6909 IF DOTS=1 THEN 6920 6910 COLOR 1:OOTs=1 6920 FOR 11:0 TO 155

15

158,4S:DR1\\1TO

1,45 0:DOTS=O:GOT

COLOR

O

(r)

340 349

.

0

Do

6210 REM SET up GRAPHICS 14 6220 GRAPHICS 14:COLOR 1:POKE 708,14:P OKE 71g,0 6250 poxs 752,255 6260 PLOT 0,44:ORAHTO 159,44:0RA11TO 15

280 611R 290 07H 300 131 FFP

'

6

,,

.

(1) CP2 (3) 30 CP3 (X) 39 on (7) 40 T50 (7) 49 OT4 (5)

292??? fwh

SHAPEz? CHRs(125) to have the last 2 you Han} nd fTrstpOTnts JOTn up?(Yes,No,Ignore) . They are cur rently”; " 5280 IF COL(1)=0 THEN v NOT“' 5290 ,, ?ned u 1.' 5300 m ' 2559‘ 5310 11 PEE1<(764)=255 THEN 5310 5320 IF PEE1((764)=43 THEN COL(1)=1'GOT ' ,

j”) ‘

’///”/j// éfjf

(G) (G)

75E (F)

1005 1010 1020 1999

2080 2090 4999

70C AAH

N06 (3) OLP

(6)

911 520

(2)

(D)

511

(R) (H)

EHR

(M)

FTQ

(T) 5010 9A5 (F)

5000

UKF

5020

351

(G)

5026 5029

2011

(6) (5)

DCS

5055 5056 5057 5058

(3) (1)

P51 (O) 501)

(M)

512 (6)

5070 5075 5076

R115

(L) (X) (0) (1) (L) (X) (A) (8) (P) (P)

RNH

(G)

5080

599

5090 5100 5110

TYJ

(V) (X) (0) (7)

5059 5060 5061 5065 5069

RPD

W DHV

U8L

PM 543 VN3

ms 1148

ACO 1111

5140 5144

1100

(S)

PRH

(H)

EMG

5280 5290 5300 5310 5320 5330 5340

06x

(C)

SYF

(X)

06L 510

(R)

J9K (1)) 171(

(O)

TLC

(L)

8HY

(G)

(H) (G)

5350 6210 6220 6230 6260

(C)

6280167

((1)

6290

5149

DHP

(M)

5150 5160 5170 5180 5190 5200

PMO

(9)

V3P 302 5E6 N54

(P)

ON (G) SCN (S) O6M (V) HXO (8) HVT

”4

”NT

STEP

STEP

5:FOR 5:44

“1315”

TO

NEXT MN

0“ 11503119 6260=RETURN 7000

IF

GRID”

THEN

9=GRID=G:60T

COLOR

7020 7010 COLOR “GRID” 7020 ”R M W 15” STEP

0

“NWT 9,4“ NWT" “WNW °=F°R “4 70 W1 ST E" ”WU” 92°1°RAUT° 15919915” 4 793” CW)" “503“ 6260=RETURN -

-

-

.

.

g

(G) (N)

SY8 (1)

0A1(

(6) (P)

6300

5220 5230 5250

6310

VRO

270

(G)

6900

P60 (5)

0011

(E)

m

(S)

495

5255 5256

R11(

61111

(N)

5000

170

(D) (O)

6910 6920 7000

LST

(M)

48)

5257

VCC

(H)

6M8

(H)

5260 5270

CT8

(X) (3)

M0H

(C)

157

(11)

”Press ’L’ to Load 3 saved Me press 'N' for a new shape." 5036 IF PEEK(764)=255 THEN 5006

TCG

OTX

7010 7020 7030

(1()

376

? “R)Re9eat tueening,€)€ontinue 111 th new co-ordinates, 0) to Quit, or S) to save tween.”

IF

5005

A=83 THEN Gosua 6700:GOTO GRAPHICS 0:5ETCOLOR

LMMH

if

X

6;

4}?

NEXT

5270'.

22f

2

”CM/{W £22

R

COL(1)=0 MN

,

229?

If???” 2

AX(R)=X:A1(R)=1:A

COL(R)=D

OR

0"

f

5060

'__ f

2,2?

9

3 ,

,

299

T

-*

f

4.3

¢

X,Y:GOT0 5256

IF

-

,

332131535

.

CP1

”?? 522

T

CTUAL=1:COL(R)=COL:COLOR COL 5180 IF SHAPE=2 THEN BX(R)=X:BY(R)=Y:A CT0AL=1:COLOR COL(R):eOTO 5220 5190 11 R=1 OR COL=0 THEN 5250 5200 IF R>1 THEN PLOT AX(R-1),AV(R—1): DRAHTO

.

54

”52

GOTO

0

Get It 10 20

,

COLOURS

5150

~

n%

5160

Mg

-

fggét/

3,

APzPLOT x,1 SET A POINT

'

5070

’

AP=0

COLOR

2

5057

THEN

IF PKE=18 ANO COL=1 COL=0:6OTO 5052 5149 IF PKE=18 ANO COL=0

NUMBER

TO

"

5056

AP=1

THEN

HEN

SHAPEs.

THO

‘

ACTUAL=0

5146

5170

FOR

X,1

LOCATE

THEN

5148

X=80:1=74:ACTOAL=0:COL=1

M Poms' 5030 OIM AX(P),A1(P),BX(P),51(P),HZ(P) ,VT(P),PX(P),P1(P),COL(P)

=1

5140 5144 5145

MIN1=46:MAXX=157:MINX=2:HAX1=113: SIZE

REM

X=X+1

1<>11

OR

5130 IF ACTHAL<>0

SCREEN

ON

X<MAXX THEN

ANO

)

5110 IF X<>x1

380

AN

2

n, or

Turn to Page”, November 1987 Atari User 21

6590

‘ F'°’" ”9°21

y to

5007 IF PEEK(764)=0

THEN

GOSUB

5008 IF PEEK(764)<>35 THEN 5005 50I9 POKE 764,255 5010 HINY=46:HAXX=157:HINX=2:HAXY=113: SIZE

OF

ONAHING

AREA.

5I75 IF PKE=58 THEN 60608 6900 5076 IF PKE=61 THEN EOSUB 700I 6500 FOKE 76k,255:? CHRS(125);'Please input load file name (includingdevice) -Press return to exit." 6505 INPUT AS:IF LEN(A$)=0 THEN ? (HRS

(125136010

a

1:608U0 6260:RETURN 7000 IF 011111=1 111511 com 0:6RID=0:GOT 0 7020 7010 COLOR 1:GRID=1 7020 FOR O=0 TO 150 STEP 10:PLOT 0,66: DRAHTO O,116:NEXT O:FOR O=64 TO 114 ST 13? 10:PLOT 0,0:DRAHTO 159,0:NEXT 0 7030 (301.011 1:60500 6260:RETURN

ke

OR

6600 IF PEEK(764)=255 THEN 6600 6610 GOTO 6500 6700 POKE 764,255:? CHR$(125);'Please input save file nan (includingdevice) -Press return to exit.’ 6705 INPUT A$:IF LEN(A$)=0 THEN ’.' CHRS (125);:GOTO 370 6707 IF LEN(AS)<2 THEN 6700 67I9 IF LEN(A$)<3 AND A$(2,2)<>":' THE H 6700 6710 IF LEN(AS)<3 THEN 6720

6500:RE

TURN

REH

#1:? "Disk error-press re~try.':POKE 760,255

CLOSE

6715

IF

.

Get Lt

r'‘9?t, 0

A$(2,2)<>':' AND ASt3,3)<>’:'

6700 6720 TRAP 67911 6730 OPEN #1,8,0,AS:PUT #1,P 6750 FOR R=1 TO PzPUT #1,1\X(R):PUT #1, AY(R):PUT #1,BX(R):PUT #1,01(R):PUT #1 ,COL(R):NEXT R 6760 CLOSE #1 6770 TRAP 40m 6780 6010 3711 6790 CLOSE #1:? "01‘sk error-press a ke y to re-try.”:POKE 764,255 6800 IF PEEK1764)=ZSS THEN 6800 6810 GOTO 6700 6900 IF DOTS=1 THEN COLOR 0:00TS=0:GOT O 6920 6910 COLOR 1:DOTS=1 6920 FOR O=0 TO 155 STEP 5:FOR S=44 TO 114 STEP 5:PLOT 0,5:NEXT S:NEXT O:COL

THEN

5005

6507 IF LEH(0$)<2 THEN 6500 6509 IF LEN(AS)<3 AND 0512,2)<>":“ THE N 6500 6510 IF LENCASk} THEN 6520 6515 IF ASCZ,2)<>":“ AND Ast3,3)<>":” THEN 6500 6520 TRAP 6590 6530 OPEN #1,4,0,0$:6£1 01,1‘ 6560 DIN AxtP),AY(P),0X(?),BY(P),HZ(P)

,VT(P),PX(P),PY(P),COL(P) 6550 FOR R=1 TO P:GET #1,A:AX(R)=A:6ET #1,A:AY(R)=A:GET #1,A:BX(R)=A:G£T #1, A:BY(R)=A:GET 01,0:COL(R)=1\:NEXT R 6560 CLOSE #1 6570 TRAP 110000 6580 RETURN

PO BOX 318,

LYK (5) 105 11V (6) 5000 Avg (0) 5005 101 (R) 370

6520 6530

090

6540

LOG

015

GRE

5006 5007

SNL

6550 6560

5003

190

em (r) 6580 um

(0) PM (a)

(a) (V) R05 (0) 5076 Run (5) 6500 01x (3) 6505 XHR (S) 6507 LH1 (A) 6509 cu (n) 6510 LT2 (7)

659l 78N

651 915

5009 5010 5075

6515

068

SKY

6570

6600

TAV

6610

041

6700

1511

6705 6707 6709 6710

6730

(s) (c) (q) (9) (6) (F) (u)

6750

(C) PV6 (1)

6760

STY

6770

OLH

(x) (T)

6780 6790

1161

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Utility

'

I‘ g Andre

ht

can now after much research proudly present the great new allsinging, all-dancing Get It Right! —

I

—

Version

’

lI.

The first major difference is that GIR II is written completely in machine code for much greater speed. Also there is no need for you to constantly save and reload your programs since GlR II sits permanently in memory and is always ready for use. In addition it does not require the use of page six — or indeed any of the zero-page locations — thus making it

compatible with almost any program you might wish to type in. The first thing you will need to do is

type in Program I. This is a fairly simple Basic program which will create a boot cassette or autorun disc containing the GIR Il routine itself. We have printed —for the last time the old Get It Right! checksum table so —

you can make sure that you have typed it in correctly. Don’t worry too much if you still haven’t mastered the old system, as this program will not continue if you’ve mistyped any of the data lines.

When you’re sure you’ve typed it in

’

Willey presents

superfast checksum THE single most common topic cropping up in your letters must be that of mistakes made when typing in programs. Many of you, can't seem to get to grips with our checksum program — particularly with LISTing your program, loading and running Get It Right and then having to re-Ioad the original program before you can make any changes. One or two of you have passed adverse comments about the speed with which the checksums appear on the screen. Over the past few months your faithful technical editor has been working his way through all the letters and comments on the subject and

.

a new

utility

correctly, run the program and you will be asked if you want to make a

see the message:

sion. This will take about 45 seconds. Cassette users should now place a fresh tape in the recorder and wind it to the beginning. When you hear two beeps press the Record and Play but-

GET'IT'RIGHT'“ Loaded OK followed by the READY prompt. Obtaining a checksum from the new system couldn't be simpler, either. After you've typed in the Basic program you wish to check you should enter the command:

tape or disc version. Press C or D accordingly and the computer will prepare the machine code for that ver-

tons followed by the Return key. The computer will create a tape version of GIR II for you, again taking another 45 seconds. Disc users

there is

should make sure that

formatted

Dos disc in drive one with at least 10 free sectors available for the AUTORUN.SYS file which will be created. This disc will become your new boot disc, so you should have already written the Dos files to it (Option H on the Dos 2.5 menu). GIR II has also been designed to work with most types of Dos with a LOMEM below $3000 (such as Dos/XL or SpartaDos) so you may wish to alter the filename on line 3030 to suit your preferences. SpartaDos users, for example, could call it D:GIR.COM and access it only when required by typing GIR from the command processor. From this point on YOU won't need a

the Basic program again and you should always use your new Get It Right ll master disc or boot tape each time you power up the system. The disc version is automatic—simply turn the computer on with that disc in drive one and Dos and GIR II will both load into memory. Cassette users should place their new GIR lI tape in the recorder, rewind it to the beginning and press Play, Then turn the computer on while holding down the Start button and press Return after the beep. Get it Right II will then load into memory and initialise itself.

After loading

is

complete you will '

LIST "G'"‘ and the checksum will appear. To stop and start it simply use the Control+1 keys in the same way as you would with any other listing—or hit the Break

button to abort it completely. You can alternatively specify output to a printer by entering:

LlST“G-P" '

To show you the new type of checksum we have printed the ones for GIR II along with the old version on Page 26 after the program listings. You will notice that each line consists of three parts. The first is obviously the line number in question, which is followed by a three digit checksum value. This may consist of both numbers and letters, but don’t this time there won’t be any WOTFV eights to confuse with zeros, or indeed any other tricky digits such as one and the letter I, zero and the letter 0 or two and the letter Z. The final digit on the line (enclosed in brackets) is a special cumulative check digit. This gives the running total of the checksums given so far in the listing. Thus you can look down the listing until you find a mis-match with this last digit to help you find an —

error.

Any lines following one containing an error will also have the wrong final Turn to Page 25 > November 1987 Atari User 23

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individual lines such as a block of DATA statements you have been having trouble with. To checksum a single line (say 1000) type: LIST “G"' ' 1000 —

check digit, but ifa given line is correct the three digit part of the code should always match that published with the program in question. To make future typing easier for you, anything coming after a REM statement will be ignored by GIR II. Thus: 10 REM THE FIRST LINE

and 10 REM

would return the same checksum CP1. However, don’t feel tempted to leave the line out completely as the program might use it in a GOTO or —

GOSUB statement. You can even use GIR

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510 DATA 255,255,0,48,205,52,-1,2294 600 RE! CASSETTE HEADER 611 1111 1,11,251,47,215,52,-1,2295

, CHR$(0).AS(4000)

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protected from accidental user erasing typing NEW or pressing System

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ADD,A:ADD=ADD+1:CHK=CHK+(A*HU LT):HULT=HULT+1:IF HULT>8 THEN HULT=1 440 GOTO 420 450 READ A:IF A=CHK THEN RETURN 460 ? :? :? :? "DATA ERROR SOHEHHERE A FTER LINE ‘;REST:? :? Hm PLEASE cch K 1111 1m 1111 m~=1 :END

*muunuuntnnnnuu _

block of lines (say 100

HoWever, don’t forget that the cumulative check digit will be incorrect in such cases, as it can't know what the values from the previous lines should have been. When checking selected lines of a program, ONLY use the main three digit checksum.

_

2

a

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170 GOTO 150 200 REN DISC 211 1 CNR$(156);" LEASE HAIT'; 221 REST=500:GOSUB _

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260 6010 3020 300 RE! CASSETTE 310 ? CHRS<156);’ ,. LEASE 11111, 320 REST=600:GOSUB

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,255

465 991 RE! 1111111 men/111 1m 1000 DATA 76,61,52,27,48,75,48,81,48,8

4,48,75,48,75,48,76,76,48,0

400

230 REST-1000605118 4“ 21.1 REST=700=GOSUB 400 _

800 R50 CASSETTE FOOTER 810 DATA 165,12,133,2,165,13,133,3,160

”A“ 9,5,g,g,a,0,0,0,0,169,0,141,

16,411,161,21,18,161,2,177,36,211,51,21 8'3 1020 DATA 200,177,36,201,155,240,20,20 1,83,240,16,201,69,240,12,201,80,208,5 ,141,25,48,240,8,160

”3” W“ 139'96'169'83'1“'25"8'“°'

1,96,160,137,96,160,146,96,172,21,48,1 92,255,240,243,153,116 1040 DATA 50,201,155,240,35,238,21,48, 208,228,168,162,0,173,25,48,201,80,240 ,10,173,7,228,72,173 11511111 6,228,72,152,96,173,55,228,7 2,173,54,228,72,152,96,160,0,140,21,48 ,140,19,48,140,20 ,

.

Reset will not harm them. In fact apart from the fact that your free memory

space has been reduced by 882 bytes, you will probably never even notice it's there. Dos 2.0 and 2.5 users should note that loading the DUP.SYS command menu will overwrite the memory space used by Get It Right II. In order to retain GIR II when returning to Basic you should make sure that you have enabled the MEM.SAV facility on your boot disc (this is the default condition when using Dos 2.5 with a 13OXE ramdisc). So that’s it — our new, faster and much improved checksum program. All listings from this issue onwards will be accompanied by the new checksums—so hopefully more of you will find it even easier to Get It Right!

1060 DATA 48,140,24,48,140,22,48,140,2 3,48,240,106,160,255,200,185,116,50,20 1,155,240,4,201,32,208 1070 DATA 244,192,5,176,14,140,26,48,1 69,32,32,104,48,172,26,48,200,208,238,

160,0 140,26,48 185 1080 611111 116,50,201,32,240,13,201,155

,240,9,32,104,48,172,26,48,200,208,233 ,169,32,32,104,48,173 1090 DATA 20,48,41,124,74,74,168,185,1 7

50 32 104 48 173 ' 20 ' 48 ' 41 '

3

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19 48 41 224 74 74 74 74 74

DATA

13,26,48,168:185,17,50:208,9:185,116,5 0,201,155,240,143 1110 DATA 208,63,32,104,48,173,19,48,4 1I31I168I185I17I50I32I154I48I169I3 2 I3 2 f104l48I169,40,32 ”20 DATA 104I431173I18I43141I31I163I1 85,17,50,32,104,48,169,41,32,104,48,16‘ 48152 915532104 I I I I 1151 1111 72:169,l,168,153,116,50,200,E 208,250,104,168,96,240,184,152,72,136,6 136

136

185 116 50 201

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1,58,240,4,201,32 1171 11m 218 31 162 211 135 116 51 221 12 2008'19’22'208 ' 21:4 ' 153 ' 23 ’ 45 ' mg ' 14 ' 169 ' 1,141 ' ' 22' 1180 DATA 48,208,4,169,0,240,137,104,1 1.

511

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Turn to

Page-26P

November 1987 Atari User 25

—U?lity

4 FM" “9"

,211,160,0,152,72 DATA 105,30,52,240,0,32,104,40,10 4,160,200,200,241,104,165,12,141,50,50 ,165,13,141,51,50,173 1450 DATA 231,2,133,200,141,100,50,24, 105,114,141,71,50,173,232,2,133,209,14 1,105,50,105,3,141,00 1460 DATA 50,56,169,3,229,200,133,203, 169,40,229,209,133,204,56,169,49,229,2 03,133,12,109,50,229,204 1470 DATA 133,13,162,0,160,0,109,116,5 1,133,205,109,117,51,240,20,133,206,56 ,177,205,229,203,145,205 1400 DATA 200,177,205,229,204,145,205, 232,232,200,224,162,4,160,0,105,3,40,1 45,200,200,200,240,230,107 1490 DATA 52,230,209,202,200,230,230,2

25

1440

0,109,27,40,141,20,40,200,206,24,40,16 ,100,169,7,141,24 1210 DATA 40,200,101,77,69,02,65,04,65 ,60,79,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,65,6 7,60,69,70 1220 DATA 71,72,74,75,76,77,70,00,01,0 2,03,04,05,06,07,00,09,32,52,10,160,0, 105,26,3 1230

240,40,201,71,240,7,200,200, 200,192,33,200,240,169,0,141,231,2,133 ,14,133,120,169,0,141 1240 DATA 232,2,133,15,133,129,162,9,1 69,0,157,10,40,002,16,250,90,109,3,153 ,z7,3,169,40,153 1250 DATA 20,3,169,71,153,26,3,200,210 ,109,43,6,40,4,200,142,1,3,202,16,244, 192,1,208,0 1260 DATA 173,1,3,24,105,49,200,00,32, 61,42,125,155,155,155,155,00,02,79,71, 02,65,77,77,73 1270 DATA 70,71,32,79,00,00,73,79,70,0 DATA

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LINE

1

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26‘ Atari User November 1987

I

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3150

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230 240 250 260

710 990

1290 1320

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1340 1370 1400

12693 12753 13549

1350 1300 1410

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13255 14474

3100 3130

3160 3210

2970 1936 7010 3999 15756

(A) (3) (V) (4) (u) (7) (V) (0) (A) (3) (5) (2) (c) (A) (A) (A) (P) (6) (c) (1)

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310 340 400 430 460 600

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1170 1200 1230 1260

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201,32,45,32,76,111,97,100,1 01,100,32,79,75,155,155,0,109,60,141,2

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3130 LENHI=INT<SIZEI256):POKE 057,0000

(5?

,40,230,224,4,176,234,109,43,6,40,229, 232,142,1,3,32 1310 DATA 61,42,125,155,155,155,03,69, 76,69,67,04,73,79,70,32,77,09,70,05,32 ,70,79,02,32 1320 DATA 00,50,155,155,127,40,41,32,7 0,79,04,72,73,70,71,155,127,49,41,32,0 3,69,04,32,05 1330 DATA 70,72,65,00,00,09,32,77,79,0 0,09,155,127,50,41,32,73,70,73,04,32,6 0,02,73,06 1340 DATA 69,155,127,51,41,32,67,72,65 ,70,71,69,32,60,02,73,06,69,32,35,155, 127,52,41,32 1350 DATA 03,69,04,32,70,09,07,32,79,7 0,70,32,60,69,76,16,40,93,40,160,40,19 0,40,04,49 1360 DATA 90,49,125,49,155,49,109,49,2 03,49,7,49,60,49,227,40,2,49,25,49,47, 49,180,40,205 1370 DATA 40,216,40,230,00,16,49,20,49 ,30,49,50,49,55,49,60,09,33,49,101,49, 172,49,31,40 1300 DATA 140,40,143,40,219,40,233,40, 244,40,19,49,41,49,223,49,232,49,235,4 9,242,49,245,49,251 1390 DATA 49,34,40,00,40,100,40,137,40 ,149,40,116,49,132,49,107,49,152,40,11 1,49,137,49,144,49 1400 DATA 100,49,146,40,209,49,255,49, 6,55,64,48,76,48,158,48,175,48,183,48, 191,40,200,40,241 1410 DATA 40,254,40,200,49,214,49,229, 49,239,49,200,49,217,49,226,49,240,49, 93,50,3,40,5,40 1420 DATA 7,40,9,40,11,40,13,40,0,0,15 5,199,197,212,173,201,212,173,210,201, DATA

UFHI

3120 BUFLO=ADR(A$)-(BUFHI*256):POKE 05

usin g the program from the

£3”?

1200 DATA 70,155,0,32,105,44,32,61,42, 155,155,00,02,69,03,03,32,72,05,00,00, 09,32,60,02 1290 DATA 73,06,69,32,35,32,04,79,32,0 0,02,79,71,02,65,77,32,0,32,179,42,141

1430

A

#

3020 RE! SAVE To DTsc 3030 OPEN #1,8,B,‘D:AUTORUN.SYS' 3040 1 CHRS<156);' SAVING DATA - P LEASE AATTn 3100 POKE 050,11 3110 BUFHI=INT(ADR(A$)1256):POKE 053,0

9

[79h] LINE

CHSUH

(A) (o) (0) (1) 610 TSP (0) 700 cuv (o) 710 JOR (L) 000 cvo (A) 010 TD7 (F) 460 000 500 cuu 510 UYV 600 cux

990 1000

501 220

1010 1020 1030

ASA

1040 1050

HXX

1060 1070 1000 1090 1100

H1Y

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00D AAA

A03 961 HEK

A00 (7) 79T (U) 000 (A) A00 (T)

1110 HYR 1120 JFR 1130 uxA 1140 KGK 1150 040 1160 004

12440 13764 13117

(P) (A) 320 600 (3) 330 A09 (T) 340 7EU (o)

1440

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350

1470 3000

14231 3990

3030

5165 6974 7231 2062 036

360 A09 (T) 400 cuv (5) 410 RRP (0) 420 KS? (0) 430 001 (u) 440 00A (D)

3110

3140 3170

3220

300 310

450

cuu 005

NYH

101

(Y)

(6)

1170 00V 1100 sz

(D)

(c) (9) (T) (A) (9) (4) (0) (F) (6) (0) (A) (A) (A) (7) (A) (P) (T) (x) (X) (0)

1190 061 1200 Au1 (U) 1210 010 (c) 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270

50A (K) 100 (1) 002 (7) 6YK (x) EUH

(5)

7AA (0)

LINE

1200 1290

CHSUH

51A (0) 60T (A)

1300 DcT 1310 000 1320 7KR 1330 8LX 1340 6DA 1350 701 1360 902 1370 960 1300 LK6

(2) (x) (E) (7) (6) (s) (A) (A) (T) (A) (P)

1390 1400 1410

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1420 1430

K6U

1440 1450

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(E) (2)

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1460 1470 VTs (P) 1400 UHF (A) 1490 TDD (0) 3000 0x0 (D) 3010 3020

005 (c) D20 (0)

(V) (T) 3100 PUH (9) 3110 1x0 (T) 3120 A10 (6) 3130 un (T) 3140 PDR (T) 3150 A40 (6) 3160 FM? (3) 3030

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3170 3200 3210 3220

VL6 (U) 705 (5) D90 (6) DEU (Y)

4

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rogrammtn

———————————

-

— i

Your programmmg problems solved by ANDRE WILLEY |'VE had some fascinating letters this month _ mostly from people with problems related to disc usage, Where have all the cassette users gone to _ or don’t you have any pro-

gramming problems? Anyway, let’s kick off this time with a query from Michael Mussulis from Catford, who is running an 800XL with two US Doubler 1050 disc drives and a Panasonic printer. He writes:

‘/

/ am current I y d eve I oping a we tlvely smallprogram W?’Ch deals W’th files and disc utilisation. I need .to delete some Information from a ?le Wh’Ch was saved earl/er. Forexample: .

_

.

15

NH “(29>

A?"

22 ézl?‘?t?“ ’ 68 ENG 78 CLOSE

a

—

sector/byte reference.

To try to calculate such values from scratch would be almost impossible, but luckily for you there is an easy way around the problem. What you need to do, in effect, is to a single text string within your

replace

file with

one containing blanks. This means that each time the string is read back with the INPUT #1 statement you

will receive a null string — a string of zero length such as the one you searched for on line 40. This will happen regardless of how many blanks there are because Atari Basic ignores any spaces following an entry — or in this case, ignores a

spaces.

The solution could along these lines:

H

be a program

kl

Put simply, you finish every file by a nonsensical entry — such as four asterisks—which you can look out for when reading the entries back in. This will tell you when there's no more data in the file. Line 50 is the first clever bit. The NOTE command will return the cur-

writing

rent file pointer

M" .

Asym??itl?vAPACEHZG) .REH 2G SPACES

g:

SPACES-

so

om #l,12,0,’D:DATAf1LE.DAT' mp 500

1.0

59 60

itOTl-Z

Input

#1,SECT,BY‘{E

41,“

70 PRINT "SHALL I DELETE

8!

';A$;

using: OPEN#1,12,0,”D:DATAFILE.DAT” for both reading and writing at the same time, hOW can / erase specific information —such as the word HELLO —from the file? Also, could you tell me exactly how the NOTE and POINTcommands are used forRandom/DirectAccess to ?les and sectors? ,

same

Well, Michael, I’m not really all that surprised that you are having trouble with the NOTE and POINT disc access commands, as they are rather poorly documemed in the manuai, One would expect NOTE to return a useful value such as an offsetinto the current ?|e (as does SpartaDos), but unfor-

case 20). Then line 30 opens the file in update mode and line 40 sets a TRAP to line 500 to detect the end of the file. Incidentallyi this W0U|d be more elegant if YOU used What is known as a wild entry or rogue terminator.

NOW,

INPUT

REPLY?

.

S!

zgelgolll?llig?lc?s'gglgn 113

"I,"

5:

53255“.

$1;$PACES(1,LEH(A$)) '

EN,

,

-

is

terms of the sector

number and the byte within that

sector. Don’t worry about the exact details because the numbers will only be used by the POINT command if we decide that we want to return to the same point in the file. Lines 60 to 90 read in the entry from the disc and ask you if you want to delete it. If your reply is NO it will go back to line 50, get the new NOTE values for the next entry and do the whole thing again. lf, on the other hand, you enter YES the prompt then the program con— at line

in

Aft er typing RUN I can enter various words such as MICHAEL, HELLO or ATARI and they will be stored on the disc and the ?le closed. .

return

limitations of the file structure it can only

due to the

—

Dos 2.0/2.5

complete entry composed entirely of

Z? 095“ #1:319,'D:DATAFILE.DAT' 35 PRIRT "ENTER DNA TO SAVE”;

zlthllT

tunately

POINT

thle Enuefslto loiwllich ac tot mill e prewousy lSC ie pomter NOTEd position at the start of the unwanted 3.er Line 110 IS probably the most complicated to understand, and it is this

line which actually deletes the entry. I have said, what we need to do is replace the current entry with blanks, but to do it character by character usung the PUT command would take ages. However, we already have the entry stored in memory as A$, so therefore we know how many character need replacing. In fact, all we need to do is print out the same number of spaces as there are characters in A$, To do this, we use SPACE$(1,LEN(A$))— Of Wh'Ch means_the portion S.PACfE$ or from the beginning Of the string the same. "umber °f Charade“ as there are ”.‘ A$(”We th'?_has been done we are back I" posutlon to read the next entry,

As

Lin-gss1Bak:ng [28:22 huiwtgzss‘tltggz including one which is filled with the number

of spaces

maximum file entry length

as your (in this

Turn to Page 28 V November 1987 Atari User 27

0 ~

————————————

—Programming

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loop starts

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This method has one small disadvantage the entries are not actually deleted but rather ovenlvritten. This —

l

means that the file will still take up the same amount of space on the disc even after you have deleted most of

the entries. To avoid this you could copy it, linemissing by-Iine, into a second file all the blank entries, of course. out , . .? Simple when you know how, lsn t It'

‘ )

-

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,‘

—

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,

_

1

H'dden on dlsc _

space

133,120 bytes). Double density is slightly different in that it works with double-sized sectors, although it only uses 18 per track (giving 720 sectors again, but since each is 256 bytes

disc meaning that the suppliers won’t guarantee it beyond that point. In fact, all 5.25 inch computer discs are manufactured in exactly the same it is only in quality control way afterwards that grading occurs. The more data that canbe squeezed safely to a disc the higher its rating Will —

D.A. Richardson of Walsall in the West Midlands has worked out the quickest way to get my attention... ‘ I read with great interest your arti— cles on Dos and the operating system .

Enhanced (1050) density gives 26 similar sectors a track (1040 sectors or

misunderstanding over the way that discs work. The number of tracks per inch (tpi) specified on the label of a disc refers to the rated capacity of that

.

.

long, a total capacity of 184,320 bytes) SpartaDos obviously has no way of knowing when you select a drive type can fully whether your hardware

—

it.

ane.

I

A standard, single density, 810 or ”;l’e’°"t!°"‘Oftheofo’mjmngzndsecml1050 drive will use 48tpi discs quite t p ancjg’oncgn steZsonlsac relazazeVS/(n and horye ou can he! I t b tl D p.25 d l d alsooolgcsseiongly Dasha-032(it; LL/Ise SpartaDos 2 3b particularly for

de

economy of disc

[use

query/have is.with the amount

The

of storage space available to me on different discs I usually use 48tpi discs however I recently borrowed some 95tPi discs to determine whether there would be any advantage formatted the 48th disc and tried to transfer a large number of files to see how many it would take. After 47 ?les it gave me a “Disk Full" error roughly where I expected. 1

—

seem , disc which promptly displayed over and after 1000 available sectors transferring the same datafiles still showed over 700 available sectors.

and certainly won’t complain about using the higher quaIity 96tpi variety. However, it is only when you work in true double denSity a a US Qoubler) that (such as With its Will show disc 96tpi worth. And even then, most good quality 48tpi discs Will cope qmte happily With double denSity usage. to However,these figures only refer the theoretical capaCity of the disc ._ on it can actually place how much you when you initially format to you up ls

happily

Hewewwe

other ?les to be tran ferred Eonce agyaindisplaying a ”DisscFull” ermitan

error. b e k''" d enoug h to

Wou/dyou pease explain why the directoryshows available space which apparently cannot be used, and also what possible I

.

.

.

.

advanta ge It can be to use 96th discs when they don’t appear to store any more information than 48tpi ones?’ .

Your problem stems from 28 Atari User November 1987

a

slight

—

n"

.

you know, is capable almost any type of disc of_acces_slng drive, With many possible formats. It as

SpartaDos,

'

’

77 or 80 tracks p er disc

Unfortunately, Atari 810 and 1050 one Of are only capable .°f usmg

—

sulpport or examp e, s h ou ld you c h oose 80 tracks, double sided, using double

.

.

density (256 byte) sectors, SpartaDos will assume you have access to the correct hardware and decide you have 18 sectors on both sides of 80 tracks of or the disc. That’s 2,880 sectors which IS four times 737,820 bytes greater than the double denSity disc that the drive Will actually create. Now you see the problem — no wonder SpartaDos reckons there are more free sectors than there really are. to 40 tracks, single in future, stick Sided and Simply select Standard, Enhanced or Double Density modes. discs to use, 4.8th Sh°“|d A? to what be fine for most uses, but if you want to be doubly certain (no pun intended) use 96tpi for the higher denSities. ef - o. space again. DO’l't forget to keep those letters coming. See YOU next month. _—

—

d rives

2:55 '

would reqUire the addition of a a completely complex interface and_ .

.

.

different drive mechanism. Now prepare your brain for action here come th. e numb e r s Th e. thr_ee Atari drive denSitles available with an are all variations Within the 40 track/ sin g le sided 0 p ti on. St an d ar d d ensi 't y gives 18 sectors a tied“ each being 128 bytes long (that is 720 sectors or 92,160 bytes). —

_

.

.

.

.

_

.

.

havmg PFOblems getting $5330" ngrams to work? Write

Soft ware

to

Solutions, At a" User, EWOPG House ' 6 8 ChGSter Road I H azelGrov e, . StOCkart SK? SNY ' We _‘”'f' answer as many as we can W'thm the pages 0 f Atari. 059,but, "Mom; We cannot "fate” giVe person a i replies, -

'

——————————Adve ntu l' i ng .

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l'M back again this month in one piece after my usual array of heroic deeds, saving maidens and slaying evil monsters and so on. There's plenty to chat about, so fetch your ale and pull a chair about the fire and listen very carefully. A lot of fellow travellers still have 16k machines and feel rather left out ofthings as far as adventures are concerned. Well, old Ruoloc as usual is the bearer of glad tidings. A company called AD400 has produced some rather nice little adventures that will happily run in 16k of memory, AD400 has made full use of the features of the Atari and, by the judicious use of machine-code routines tucked away in odd corners, produced adventures which go no little way to matching the standards of those for the larger memory machines. The games will also run in the bigger memory Atari 8 bit computers. In order to squeeze them into 16k, the games have only a small number of locations (rooms) but that deficency is made up by the fact that there are puzzles and problems at almost every step of the way. The adventures are based on the exploits of Special Agent AD400. The two titles so far available are Escape _

_

f

d t .d

,

heavyweight wrestler filing clerk has always got his raddled nose stuck into the latest Mills and Boon potboiler so should be well pleased. Breathless prose and true love conquers all are his meat and drink(next to body slams and Boston crabs). The game's main character is a young lady who has set sail on the high seas in the schooner Lafond Deux. As well as losing her heart to hand-

some pirate captain Nicholas Jamison, our heroine faces less con-

trollable events such as ravenous crocodiles, barrier reefs and dangerous explosives. The author, Amy Briggs, has USGd

3.

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tale of passion and adventure. Grunt is all agog but since stories of snghmg and swooning are not my favourite bedtime reading, I shall have suspend judgement until played it. l hope to review it very soon.

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her research into romantic fiction, 17th century sailing vessels and the dress Of that time to weave a vibrant

Part and Escape Part 2. in Part 1, you are incarcerated in a foreign prison and must make good your escape. In Part 2, having successfully escaped from the inner confines of the prison, you must complete your bid for freedom using objects acquired in Part 1. Part 2 cannot be played unless you have obtained a special password given on completion of Part 1. Two further adventures, Island lncident and Egyptian Escapade,are|ikely to be ready by the time you read this. The games cost £3.75 each for tape and £4.75 for disc. Latest news from Infocom is that Plundered Hearts is its first venture

into the world of romantic fiction. Grunt, my wall-eyed, seven-foot tall,

on DC

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