Shared, plural and cultural values: a handbook for decision-makers by Mark Reed

UK National Ecosystem Assessment Follow-on Ah

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Shared, plural and cultural values of ecosystems:

A handbook for decision-makers

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6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

Why do shared, plural and cultural values matter?

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B DPOTJEFSBUJPO PG UIF WBMVFT PG QPUFOUJBM NBSJOF QSPUFDUFE BSFBT .1"T 6, /&"'0 SFTFBSDI GPVOE UIBU TIBSFE WBMVFT XFSF NPSF DPOTJEFSFE BOE DPOGJEFOU BOE CFUUFS SFGMFDUFE EFFQFS IFME FUIJDBM BOE FNPUJPOBM WBMVFT UIBU QFPQMF GFMU JO SFMBUJPO UP QPUFOUJBM .1" MPDBUJPOT #PY 6UJMJTJOH NFUIPET UIBU FMJDJU UIFTF TIBSFE WBMVFT BT BO JOUFHSBM QBSU PG QPMJDZ EFWFMPQNFOU XJMM QSPWJEF B HSFBUFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF QPUFOUJBM QVCMJD SFTQPOTF BOE DBO IFMQ BOUJDJQBUF XIFO QSPQPTBMT BSF DPOUFTUFE

Local government PGUFO SFRVJSFT SFDPHOJUJPO UIBU DPNNVOJUJFT IPME B QMVSBMJUZ PG WBMVFT 'PDVTJOH KVTU PO JOEJWJEVBM BOE FDPOPNJD WBMVFT DBO MJNJU UIF WBMJEJUZ PG DPOTVMUBUJPO FTQFDJBMMZ JG UIFTF WJFXT BSF EPNJOBUFE CZ UIF NPTU BSUJDVMBUF BGGMVFOU PS QPMJUJDBMMZ QPXFSGVM WPJDFT 6OEFSTUBOEJOH TIBSFE TPDJBM WBMVFT UISPVHI DSPTT DPNNVOJUZ EFMJCFSBUJPO DBO CSJOH UP UIF TVSGBDF B SJDIOFTT PG WJFXT UIBU DBO UIFO JOGPSN NPSF CFOFGJDJBl XFMM BDDFQUFE EFDJTJPOT 6OEFSTUBOEJOH TIBSFE WBMVFT JT BO JNQPSUBOU BTQFDU PG FOIBODJOH UIJT SJDIOFTT BOE GPS BWFSUJOH DPTUMZ PCKFDUJPOT UP OPO JODMVTJWF EFDJTJPOT *O QBSUJDVMBS VOEFSTUBOEJOH TIBSFE WBMVFT FBSMZ PO JO UIF EFDJTJPO NBLJOH QSPDFTT DBO IFMQ UP BMMPDBUF SFTPVSDFT National government Understanding that and its agencies XBOU UP SFTPMWF QPJOUT PG MJLFMZ UP VOEFSTUBOE UIF TPDJBM shared values can often DPOGMJcU 'PS FYBNQMF 6, /&"'0 SFTFBSDI PO TUSBUFHJD JNQBDUT PG GVUVSF QPMJDJFT differ from aggregated TVTUBJOBCMF EFWFMPQNFOU JO BOE IPX UIFZ BSF MJLFMZ UP CF QFSDFJWFE CZ UIF QVCMJD individual values is crucial )BTUJOHT XJUI B XJEF HSPVQ " SBOHF PG NBSLFU CBTFE PG TUBLFIPMEFST TIPXFE UIBU in considering their BOE OPO NBSLFU FDPOPNJD B XFMM EFTJHOFE QSPDFTT DBO NFUIPET NBZ CF VTFE UP IFMQ UP CVJME UIF USVTU full impact QSPWJEF BO FWJEFODF CBTF PS OFFEFE UP EFWFMPQ QPMJDZ UP VOEFSTUBOE UIFTF JTTVFT PQUJPOT UIBU DBO GJOE CVU UIFTF NFUIPET SBSFMZ DBQUVSF UIF TIBSFE WBMVFT TZOFSHJFT CFUXFFO FOWJSPONFOUBM BOE TPDJBM BOE NFBOJOHT IFME CZ HSPVQT PG QFPQMF 1PMJDJFT QSJPSJUJFT CSJEHJOH EJGGFSFOU JOUFSFTUT #PY JNQBDU VQPO DPNNVOJUJFT BT XFMM BT JOEJWJEVBMT TP VOEFSTUBOEJOH UIBU TIBSFE WBMVFT DBO PGUFO EJGGFS Policy analysts and consultancies IBWF GSPN BHHSFHBUFE JOEJWJEVBM WBMVFT JT DSVDJBM JO JODSFBTJOHMZ NBTUFSFE NFUIPET UP JODMVEF UIF FOWJSPONFOU JO EFDJTJPO TVQQPSU UPPMT TVDI BT DPTU DPOTJEFSJOH UIFJS GVMM JNQBDU 'PS FYBNQMF JO

IUUQ XXX QSOFXTPOMJOF DPN UPQJDT DPSQPSBUF SFTQPOTJCJMJUZ DTS BXBSET TPDJBM HPPE

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

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6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

Box 2: Understanding the value of potential marine protected areas 5IF 8FTUNJOTUFS BOE 6, %FWPMWFE "ENJOJTUSBUJPOT DPNNJUUFE UP QSPUFDU NBSJOF CJPEJWFSTJUZ BOE FDPTZTUFN TFSWJDFT CZ FTUBCMJTIJOH B OFUXPSL PG NBSJOF QSPUFDUFE BSFBT .1"T )PXFWFS MJUUMF JT LOPXO BCPVU IPX VTFS HSPVQT TVDI BT EJWFST BOE TFB BOHMFST WBMVF UIF MPDBUJPOT QSPQPTFE BT .1"T 5IF 6, /&"'0 JOWFTUJHBUFE UIF TIBSFE BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT PG UIFTF HSPVQT VTJOH B DPNCJOBUJPO PG EFMJCFSBUJWF NPOFUBSZ WBMVBUJPO %.7 NVMUJ DSJUFSJB BOBMZTJT .$" OPO NPOFUBSZ XFMM CFJOH JOEJDBUPST BOE TUPSZUFMMJOH 5IF SFTFBSDI QSPWJEFE B SJDI VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG XIy diffFSFOU QMBDFT XFSF JNQPSUBOU JO QBSUJDVMBS XBZT TVDI BT JO UIF FYDJUFNFOU UIBU QFPQMF GFFM XIFO UIFZ TFF B DSFBUVSF UIFZ WF OFWFS TFFO CFGPSF UIF CPOE UIBU QFPQMF EFWFMPQ XIFO UIFZ HP PVU UPHFUIFS PS UIF QFBDFGVMOFTT UIBU UIFZ GFFM XIFO UIFZ BSF BMPOF XJUI UIF JNNFOTJUZ PG UIF TFB *O DPNQBSJOH JOEJWJEVBM WBMVFT FMJDJUFE UISPVHI BO POMJOF TVSWFZ XJUI TIBSFE WBMVFT FMJDJUFE UISPVHI HSPVQ CBTFE EFMJCFSBUJPO TIBSFE WBMVFT CFUUFS SFGMFDUFE UIFTF FNPUJPOBM DPOOFDUJPOT BOE BQQFBSFE NPSF DPOGJEFOU BOE DPOTJEFSFE 5IJT DBTF TUVEZ JT EJTDVTTFE JO NPSF EFUBJM JO 4FDUJPO

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

Box 3: Deliberating on the future of Hastings 8IFO QFPQMF DPNF UPHFUIFS UP EFUFSNJOF XIBU JT JNQPSUBOU UP UIFN UIFZ DBO CF FNQPXFSFE JOTQJSFE BOE FNCPMEFOFE UP UBLF TUSBUFHJD BDUJPO *O UIF 6, /&"'0 )BTUJOHT DBTF TUVEZ B XJEF Sange of diffFSFOU TUBLFIPMEFST DBNF UPHFUIFS JO UISFF JO EFQUI XPSLTIPQT UP EJTDVTT XIBU )BTUJOHT NJHIU MPPL MJLF JO BOE UIF SFMBUJWF JNQPSUBODF PG FDPTZTUFN TFSWJDFT WJT Ã&#x2039; WJT PUIFS TPDJFUBM QSJPSJUJFT 5ISPVHI B AWBMVFT DPNQBTT BOE TUPSZUFMMJOH UIF QSPDFTT fiSTU FYQMPSFE EFFQFS IFME PWFSBSDIJOH QSJODJQMFT BOE MJGF HPBMT UIBU QFPQMF IFME BT JOEJWJEVBMT BOE TIBSFE BT B DPNNVOJUZ BOE IPX QBSUJDJQBOUT SFMBUFE UP UIF MPDBM OBUVSBM FOWJSPONFOU 5IJT XBT GPMMPXFE CZ BO BOBMZTJT PG UIF TUSFOHUIT XFBLOFTTFT UISFBUT BOE PQQPSUVOJUJFT UP )BTUJOHT JO FOWJSPONFOUBM DVMUVSBM TPDJBM BOE FDPOPNJD UFSNT UISPVHI XIJDI DPNNVOBM HPBMT XFSF FTUBCMJTIFE 5IJT XBT GPMMPXFE CZ B CFBDI XBML WJTJPOJOH BOE B NVMUJ DSJUFSJB FWBMVBtion of diffFSFOU WJTJPOT 5IF QSPDFTT XBT DPNQMFUFE XJUI B %.7 FYFSDJTF XIFSF TPDJBM XJMMJOHOFTT UP QBZ XBT FTUBCMJTIFE Gor diffFSFOU TUSBUFHJD SFTQPOTF PQUJPOT UP BDIJFWF TVTUBJOBCMF EFWFMPQNFOU 5IF QSPDFTT MFE UP TVCTUBOUJBM MFBSOJOH BOE CVJMEJOH CSJEHFT CFUXeen diffFSFOU JOUFSFTUT BOE JMMVTUSBUFE IPX FDPTZTUFN TFSWJDFT DPVME CF JOUFHSBUFE JOUP EJTDVTTJPO PG CSPBEFS TPDJFUBM DPODFSOT 5IJT DBTF TUVEZ JT EJTDVTTFE JO NPSF EFUBJM JO 4FDUJPO

6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

What are shared, plural and cultural values?

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Transcendental values BSF UIF QSJODJQMFT BOE PWFSBSDIJOH HPBMT UIBU HVJEF VT HPJOH CFZPOE PS USBOTDFOEJOH TQFDJGJD TJUVBUJPOT 5SBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT BSF B EFFQFS IFME UZQF PG WBMVF UIFZ BSF PGUFO TIBSFE XJUIJO DPNNVOJUJFT PS XJUIJO TPDJFUZ BOE UIVT UFSNFE BT TIBSFE WBMVFT 5IFZ BSF DBO CF AQPTJUJWF PS AOFHBUJWF BOE JODMVEF CPUI FUIJDBM BOE OPO FUIJDBM WBMVFT FYBNQMFT JODMVEF XFBMUI TPDJBM TUBUVT IPOFTUZ GBJSOFTT FOKPZJOH MJGF IBSNPOZ XJUI OBUVSF EJTDJQMJOF QFBDF QPMJUFOFTT BOE TFDVSJUZ Cultural or societal values BSF DVMUVSBMMZ TIBSFE QSJODJQMFT BOE WJSUVFT BT XFMM BT B TIBSFE TFOTF PG XIBU JT XPSUIXIJMF BOE NFBOJOHGVM 4PDJFUBM WBMVFT BSF UIF DVMUVSBM WBMVFT PG B TPDJFUZ PG DPVSTF TPDJFUJFT BSF EJWFSTF TP UIFSF NBZ CF NBOZ TFUT PG DVMUVSBM WBMVFT JO POF TPDJFUZ UIBU PWFSMBQ UP B HSFBUFS PS MFTTFS EFHSFF XJUI FBDI PUIFS Communal values BSF WBMVFT IFME JO DPNNPO CZ NFNCFST PG B DPNNVOJUZ F H HFPHSBQIJD GBJUI PS CFMJFG CBTFE PS BDUJWJUZ CBTFE DPNNVOJUJFT Group values BSF UIF WBMVFT FYQSFTTFE CZ BO BE IPD HSPVQ PG QFPQMF F H JO B WBMVBUJPO XPSLTIPQ UISPVHI DPOTFOTVT PS NBKPSJUZ WPUF PS NPSF JOGPSNBMMZ Deliberated values BSF UIF WBMVFT UIBU JOEJWJEVBMT PS HSPVQT FYQSFTT BT B SFTVMU PG EFMJCFSBUJOH XJUI POF BOPUIFS UZQJDBMMZ JOWPMWJOH EJTDVTTJPO BOE MFBSOJOH

Other-regarding values FYQSFTT UIF TFOTF PG JNQPSUBODF BUUBDIFE UP UIF XFMM CFJOH PS NPSBM TUBOEJOH PG PUIFST XIFUIFS UIFZ BSF IVNBO PS OPO IVNBO Value to society JT UIF CFOFGJU XPSUI PS JNQPSUBODF PG TPNFUIJOH UP TPDJFUZ BT B XIPMF

5BLFO UPHFUIFS, these diffFSFOU UZQFT PG TIBSFE WBMVFT TPNFUJNFT BMTP SFGFSSFE UP BT ATPDJBM PS ATIBSFE TPDJBM WBMVFT SFQSFTFOUT UIF WBMVFT UIBU XF DPNF UP IPME BOE BTTJHO UISPVHI PVS JOUFSBDUJPOT XJUI PUIFST JO POF XBZ PS BOPUIFS *U JT UIFTF WBMVFT UIBU JOGPSN BOE TIBQF OBSSBUJWFT PG PVS ADPNNPO HPPE 8JUIJO UIJT WBMVFT GSBNFXPSL UIFSF BSF TPNF GVSUIFS WBMVF UZQFT UIBU BSF OPU OFDFTTBSJMZ B UZQF PG TIBSFE WBMVF CVU UIBU BSF JNQPSUBOU UP EFGJOF 8F DPOUSBTU USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT XJUI DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT XIJDI BSF DPOUFYU EFQFOEFOU 'PS FYBNQMF POF NJHIU WBMVF QFBDFGVMOFTT USBOTDFOEFOUBM BOE BMTP WBMVF UIF 4DPUUJTI )JHIMBOET DPOUFYUVBM QFSIBQT CFDBVTF POF NJHIU FYQFSJFODF UIFN BT B QFBDFGVM QMBDF #FZPOE USBOTDFOEFOUBM BOE DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT UIFSF BSF WBMVF JOEJDBUPST JODMVEJOH NPOFUBSZ WBMVFT $VMUVSBM TPDJFUBM DPNNVOBM BOE HSPVQ WBMVFT DBO BMM CF DPOUSBTUFE XJUI JOEJWJEVBM WBMVFT EFMJCFSBUFE XJUI OPO EFMJCFSBUFE WBMVFT BOE WBMVF UP TPDJFUZ XJUI WBMVF UP UIF JOEJWJEVBM 5IVT BT XF IBWF TFFO UIFSF BSF NBOZ UZQFT PG WBMVFT 5IF UFSN QMVSBM WBMVFT SFMBUFT UP UIF OPUJPO UIBU UIFTF DBOOPU BMM CF NFBTVSFE VTJOH B TJOHMF ZBSETUJDL TVDI BT NPOFZ TP NPSF UIBO POF NFUIPE UZQJDBMMZ OFFET UP CF VTFE UP CF BCMF UP BTTFTT WBMVFT GVMMZ

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Individuals Ad-hoc groups

Transcendental

Contextual Communities Valueconcept

Provider

Indicators Society & culture

Values Intention Process

Nondeliberated

Selfregarding

Scale Otherregarding Deliberated Individual

Societal

Figure 2 The five dimensions and seven main types of shared values. %JNFOTJPOT BSF EFQJDUFE BT EJBNPOET 0O UIF CBTJT PG UIFTF GJWF EJNFOTJPOT XF DBO diffFSFOUJBUF CFUXFFO TFWFO NBJO OPO NVUVBMMZ FYDMVTJWF UZQFT PG WBMVFT UIBU NJHIU CF UFSNFE TIBSFE TPDJBM PS TIBSFE TPDJBM WBMVFT DJSDMFT XJUI CPME UFYU BOE PUIFS UZQFT PG WBMVFT PUIFS DJSDMFT 'PS FYBNQMF QSPWJEFS JT B EJNFOTJPO UIBU JOEJDBUFT XIP NBZ QSPWJEF WBMVFT JO B WBMVBUJPO TFUUJOH TPDJFUJFT DVMUVSFT DPNNVOJUJFT BOE BE IPD HSPVQT QSPWJEF TPDJFUBM DVMUVSBM DPNNVOBM BOE HSPVQ WBMVFT XIJDI BSF BMM EJTUJODU UZQFT PG TIBSFE WBMVFT

6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

Overview of methods for assessing shared values

5IF UBCMF PO UIF OFYU QBHFT QSPWJEFT BO PWFSWJFX PG B TFMFDUJPO PG LFZ NFUIPET GPS BTTFTTJOH TIBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT XJUI UIFJS TVJUBCJMJUZ GPS BTTFTTJOH EJGGFSFOU UZQFT PG WBMVFT BU EJGGFSFOU TQBUJBM TDBMFT UIFJS SFMBUJWF SFRVJSFNFOUT JO UFSNT PG SFTPVSDFT BOE UJNF TDBMFT BOE MJOLT UP SFMFWBOU 6, /&"'0 XPSL QBDLBHFT PS PUIFS TPVSDFT PG GVSUIFS JOGPSNBUJPO

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

1 5FDIOJRVF 6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

%FMJCFSBUJWF

%FTDSJQUJPO

3FTPVSDFT 5ZQFT PG TIBSFE WBMVFT 4QBUJBM TDBMF SFRVJSFE UIBU NBZ CF FMJDJUFE

5JNFTDBMF

&YBNQMF PS GVSUIFS JOGP

*O EFQUI EJTDVTTJPO HSPVQT

(SPVQ VTVBMMZ o QFPQMF EJTDVTTJPOT PGUFO SFQFBUFE EVSJOH XIJDI QBSUJDJQBOUT TIBQF UIF UFSNT PG EJTDVTTJPO EFWFMPQ UIFNFT JO XBZT SFMFWBOU UP UIFJS PXO OFFET BOE QSJPSJUJFT

Process: $VMUVSBM TPDJFUBM DPNNVOBM USBOTDFOEFOUBM HSPVQ EFMJCFSBUFE PUIFS SFHBSEJOH WBMVFT JO SFMBUJPO UP TPDJFUZ

"OZ NPTUMZ VTFE -PX MPDBM TDBMF UP MPDBMMZ SFHJPOBMMZ IJHI OBUJPOBM TDBMF o *O DPOUSBTU UP TPNF PUIFS EFMJCFSBUJWF NFUIPET UIFSF JT OP TFU TUSVDUVSF UIVT QSPDFTT Outcome: %FMJCFSBUFE HSPVQ PS BOE PVUDPNFT BSF JOEJWJEVBM USBOTDFOEFOUBM BOE VODFSUBJO BOE IJHIMZ PS DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT EFQFOEFOU PO UIF RVBMJUZ PG GBDJMJUBUJPO

4IPSU UP NFEJVN )JHIMZ GMFYJCMF UIPVHI EFQFOEFOU PO OVNCFS PG HSPVQT BOE JUFSBUJPOT

$MBSL + #VSHFTT + )BSSJTPO $ . * TUSVHHMFE XJUI UIJT NPOFZ CVTJOFTT SFTQPOEFOUT QFSTQFDUJWFT PO DPOUJOHFOU WBMVBUJPO &DPMPHJDBM &DPOPNJDT o

$JUJ[FOT KVSJFT

" TNBMM DSPTT TFDUJPO PG UIF HFOFSBM QVCMJD XIP DPNF UP B DPOTJEFSFE KVEHFNFOU BCPVU B TUBUFE QPMJDZ JTTVF QSPCMFN UISPVHI EFUBJMFE FYQPTVSF UP BOE TDSVUJOZ PG UIF SFMFWBOU FWJEFODF CBTF 5IF HSPVQ SFTQPOET CZ QSPWJEJOH B SFDPNNFOEBUJPO PS AWFSEJDU 1SPDFFEJOHT BSF HFOFSBMMZ OPU QVCMJDBMMZ BDDFTTJCMF 8IFSF UIFZ BSF UIFZ BSF DPNNPOMZ UFSNFE DPOTFOTVT DPOGFSFODFT

Process: $VMUVSBM TPDJFUBM DPNNVOBM USBOTDFOEFOUBM PUIFS SFHBSEJOH WBMVFT JO SFMBUJPO UP TPDJFUZ

.FEJVN %FQFOEJOH PO DPNQMFYJUZ PG JTTVF BO JUFSBUJWF BQQSPBDI NBZ CF SFRVJSFE

$BSTPO - $POTVMU :PVS $PNNVOJUZ B )BOECPPL XXX BDUJWFEFNPDSBDZ OFU BSUJDMFT DK@IBOECPPL QEG

Outcome: %FMJCFSBUFE HSPVQ DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT WFSEJDU

"OZ

-PX UP NFEJVN 2VBMJUZ EFQFOET PO BWBJMBCJMJUZ PG FWJEFODF BOE XJUOFTTFT XIJDI NBZ ESJWF VQ DPTU

5FDIOJRVF

%FTDSJQUJPO

3FTPVSDFT 5ZQFT PG TIBSFE WBMVFT 4QBUJBM TDBMF SFRVJSFE UIBU NBZ CF FMJDJUFE

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

%FMJCFSBUJWF

%FMJCFSBUJWF 5FDIOJRVF EFTJHOFE UP Process: $VMUVSBM TPDJFUBM PQJOJPO QPMM PCTFSWF UIF FWPMVUJPO DPNNVOBM USBOTDFOEFOUBM PG UIF WJFXT PG B MBSHF HSPVQ EFMJCFSBUFE PUIFS DJUJ[FO UFTU HSPVQ BT SFHBSEJOH WBMVFT JO SFMBUJPO UP UIFZ MFBSO BCPVU B TPDJFUZ UPQJD 5ZQJDBMMZ UIF HSPVQ WPUFT PO UIF Outcome: %FMJCFSBUFE JTTVFT CFGPSF BOE BGUFS JOEJWJEVBM JOEJDBUPST WPUF BO FYUFOEFE EFCBUF DPVOUT

"OBMZUJDBM EFMJCFSBUJWF

1BSUJDJQBUPSZ 5IF JOWPMWFNFOU PG NPEFMMJOH TUBLFIPMEFST JO UIF EFTJHO BOE DPOUFOU PG BOBMZUJDBM NPEFMT UIBU SFQSFTFOU &4 BOE UIFJS CFOFGJUT VOEFS EJGGFSFOU TQBUJBM BOE UFNQPSBM DPOEJUJPOT

Process: $VMUVSBM TPDJFUBM BOE DPNNVOBM DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT 0UIFS SFHBSEJOH BOE USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT POMZ MJLFMZ UP CF NBEF FYQMJDJU JG QSPNQUFE UISPVHI SFGMFcUJPO EFMJCFSBUJPO QSPDFTT Outcome: %FMJCFSBUFE HSPVQ DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT BOE JOEJDBUPST SFMBUJWF JNQPSUBODF of diffFSFOU QBSBNFUFST BOE UIFJS SFMBUJPOTIJQT

5JNFTDBMF

"OZ

.FEJVN UP IJHI .PCJMJTJOH MBSHF TBNQMF NBZ SFRVJSF DPOTJEFSable effPSU -BSHF TDBMF BQQMJDBUJPO DBO CF GBDJMJUBUFE UISPVHI EJHJUBM SFTPVSDFT

.FEJVN UP MPOH .PCJMJTJOH MBSHF TBNQMF NBZ SFRVJSF DPOTJEFSable effPSU UJNF

"OZ TZTUFN CPVOET DBO CF FTUBCMJTIFE FJUIFS TQBUJBMMZ PS DPOUFYUVBMMZ

-PX UP IJHI EFQFOEJOH 4IPSU UP MPOH PO DPNQMFYJUZ PG EFQFOEJOH PO NPEFM XIFUIFS DPNQMFYJUZ NPEFMT BSF DPODFQUVBM PS BMTP RVBOUJUBUJWF BOE DPNQVUFS CBTFE $PNQMFY QSPDFTTFT SFRVJSF FMBCPSBUF GBDJMJUBUJPO

&YBNQMF PS GVSUIFS JOGP 'JTILJO + 8IFO UIF 1FPQMF 4QFBL %FMJCFSBUJWF %FNPDSBDZ BOE 1VCMJD $POTVMUBUJPO 0YGPSE 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT

/&"'0 81 'PSUI BOE )BTUJOHT DBTF TUVEJFT

1 5FDIOJRVF 6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

"OBMZUJDBM EFMJCFSBUJWF

%FTDSJQUJPO %FMJCFSBUJWF 5FDIOJRVFT UIBU VTF NPOFUBSZ GPSNBM NFUIPET PG WBMVBUJPO HSPVQ EFMJCFSBUJPO UP DPNF UP B EFDJTJPO PO NPOFUBSZ WBMVFT GPS FOWJSPONFOUBM DIBOHF .BZ CF BMMJFE UP TVSWFZ CBTFE UFDIOJRVFT $7 PS $&T PS VTF B OPO FDPOPNFUSJD BQQSPBDI UP FTUBCMJTI WBMVFT F H JODPSQPSBUJOH DJUJ[FO T KVSJFT

%FMJCFSBUJWF 5FDIOJRVFT UIBU NVMUJ DSJUFSJB JOWPMWF HSPVQT PG BOBMZTJT TUBLFIPMEFST EFTJHOJOH GPSNBM DSJUFSJB BHBJOTU XIJDI UP KVEHF UIF OPO NPOFUBSZ BOE TPNFUJNFT NPOFUBSZ DPTUT BOE CFOFGJUT PG diffFSFOU NBOBHFNFOU PQUJPOT BT UIF CBTJT GPS NBLJOH B EFDJTJPO

3FTPVSDFT 5ZQFT PG TIBSFE WBMVFT 4QBUJBM TDBMF SFRVJSFE UIBU NBZ CF FMJDJUFE Process: $VMUVSBM TPDJFUBM BOE DPNNVOBM DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT 0UIFS SFHBSEJOH BOE USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT POMZ MJLFMZ UP CF NBEF FYQMJDJU JG QSPNQUFE UISPVHI SFGMF UJPO EFMJCFSBUJPO QSPDFTT

"OZ

&DPOPNFUSJD %.7 SFRVJSFT UIF BEWBODFE RVBOUJUBUJWF BOE TVSWFZ EFTJHO TLJMMT OFFEFE GPS BQQMZJOH $7 PS $&T QMVT GBDJMJUBUJPO TLJMMT 5IFZ BMTP SFRVJSF B TVCTUBOUJBM TBNQMF TJ[F -BSHF TDBMF %.7 DBO CF DPTUMZ UIPVHI JT QPUFOUJBMMZ NPSF FGGJDJFOU GPS WBMVBUJPO PG DPNQMFY HPPET UIBO B DPOWFOUJPOBM JOEJWJEVBM JOUFSWJFX BQQSPBDI /PO FDPOPNFUSJD BQQSPBDIFT EP OPU SFRVJSF TUBUJTUJDBM FYQFSUJTF PS MBSHF TBNQMFT CVU EP SFRVJSF TVCTUBOUJBM GBDJMJUBUJPO BOE QSPDFTT EFTJHO TLJMMT

"OZ

-PX UP NFEJVN 4IPSU UP NFEJVN .$" QSPDFTTFT DBO EFQFOEFOU PO SBOHF GSPN TJNQMF UP DPNQMFYJUZ DPNQMFY BOE UIVT GBDJMJUBUJPO EFTJHO BOE TUBUJTUJDBM FYQFSUJTF SFRVJSFE WBSJFT 4BNQMF TJ[F SFRVJSFNFOUT MPXFS MFTT UIBO UIPTF PG FDPOPNFUSJD %.7

Outcome: %FMJCFSBUFE BOE PS HSPVQ JOEJDBUPST %FMJCFSBUFE JOEJWJEVBM PS HSPVQ 851 EFMJCFSBUFE JOEJWJEVBM PS HSPVQ GBJS QSJDF %FMJCFSBUFE JOEJWJEVBM PS HSPVQ TPDJBM 851

Process: $VMUVSBM TPDJFUBM BOE DPNNVOBM DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT 0UIFS SFHBSEJOH BOE USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT POMZ MJLFMZ UP CF NBEF FYQMJDJU JG QSPNQUFE UISPVHI SFGMFcUJPO EFMJCFSBUJPO QSPDFTT Outcome: %FMJCFSBUFE DPOUFYUVBM JOEJWJEVBM PS HSPVQ WBMVFT BOE JOEJDBUPST SBUJOHT SBOLJOHT TDPSFT

5JNFTDBMF

&YBNQMF PS GVSUIFS JOGP

DPOPNFUSJD BQQSPBDIFT /&"'0 81 'PSUI BOE NFEJVN UP MPOH .1"T DBTF TUVEJFT

EFQFOEFOU PO TBNQMF TJ[F /&"'0 81 /&"5 USFF /PO FDPOPNFUSJD DMJDL GPS MJOL

TIPSU UP NFEJVN EFQFOEFOU PO DPNQMFYJUZ

/&"'0 81 .1"T BOE )BTUJOHT DBTF TUVEJFT

/&"'0 81 /&"5 USFF DMJDL GPS MJOL

5FDIOJRVF *OUFSQSFUJWF QPUFOUJBMMZ EFMJCFSBUJWF

%FTDSJQUJPO

3FTPVSDFT 5ZQFT PG TIBSFE WBMVFT 4QBUJBM TDBMF SFRVJSFE UIBU NBZ CF FMJDJUFE

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

1BSUJDJQBUPSZ " HSPVQ PG NBQQJOH (*4 TUBLFIPMEFST DPOTJEFS PS DSFBUF B QIZTJDBM PS EJHJUBM NBQ UP JOEJDBUF MBOETDBQF GFBUVSFT UIBU BSF WBMVBCMF BOE PS QSPCMFNBUJD 1BSUJDJQBOUT NBZ BMTP SBUF PS SBOL UIFTF GFBUVSFT GPS JNQPSUBODF .BQ MBZFST DBO BMTP JODPSQPSBUF QIPUP WJEFP BSUXPSL QPFUSZ FUD

Process: $PNNVOBM DPOUFYUVBM "OZ TP GBS VTFE NPTUMZ MPDBMMZ WBMVFT JG GFBUVSFT BSF JNQPSUBOU BTTFTTFE PO B MBSHFS SFHJPOBMMZ TDBMF DPOUFYUVBM DVMUVSBM TPDJFUBM WBMVFT

4UPSZUFMMJOH

Process: $PNNVOBM DPOUFYUVBM "OZ WBMVFT JG GFBUVSFT BSF JNQPSUBOU BTTFTTFE PO B MBSHFS TDBMF DPOUFYUVBM DVMUVSBM TPDJFUBM WBMVFT 0UIFS SFHBSEJOH BOE USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT POMZ MJLFMZ UP CF NBEF FYQMJDJU JG QSPNQUFE UISPVHI SFGMFcUJPO EFMJCFSBUJPO QSPDFTT

1BSUJDJQBOUT BSF BTLFE UP UFMM TUPSJFT BCPVU UIFJS FYQFSJFODFT PG PS JO SFMBUJPO UP QMBDFT 5IFTF NBZ CF SFGMFcUFE VQPO JO B HSPVQ TFUUJOH UP EJTDVTT WBMVFT SFMBUFE UP UIFTF FYQFSJFODFT

Outcome: "T BCPWF *G GFBUVSFT BSF EFMJCFSBUFE BOE EFDJEFE VQPO PS SBUFE SBOLFE CZ HSPVQT UIFTF UBLF UIF GPSN PG EFMJCFSBUFE HSPVQ DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT BOE JOEJDBUPST

Outcome: "T QSPDFTT *G TUPSJFT BSF EFMJCFSBUFE JO B HSPVQ TFUUJOH UIFTF NBZ UBLF UIF GPSN PG EFMJCFSBUFE HSPVQ WBMVFT /VNCFS PG UJNFT QBSUJDVMBS UIFNFT PS WBMVFT BSF FYQSFTTFE DBO QSPWJEF JOEJDBUPST

5JNFTDBMF

-PX UP NFEJVN o 4IPSU UP NFEJVN o EFQFOEJOH PO UIF JODSFBTFT XJUI TDBMF DPNQMFYJUZ PG OVNCFS BOE DPNQMFYJUZ PG XPSLTIPQT OFFEFE BOE UIF (*4 3FTPVSDFT OFFEFE JODSFBTF XJUI TDBMF

-PX UP NFEJVN o EFQFOEJOH PO USBOTDSJQUJPO SFRVJSFNFOUT BOE DPNQMFYJUZ PG DPEJOH

&YBNQMF PS GVSUIFS JOGP /&"'0 81 /PSUI %FWPO BOE 'PSUI DBTF TUVEJFT

/&"'0 81 /&"5 USFF DMJDL GPS MJOL

4IPSU UP NFEJVN o /&"'0 81 'PSUI EFQFOEJOH PO OVNCFS .1"T BOE )BTUJOHT PG JOEJWJEVBMT HSPVQT DBTF TUVEJFT

5FDIOJRVF

%FTDSJQUJPO

6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

3FTPVSDFT 5ZQFT PG TIBSFE WBMVFT 4QBUJBM TDBMF SFRVJSFE UIBU NBZ CF FMJDJUFE

*OUFSQSFUJWF QPUFOUJBMMZ EFMJCFSBUJWF

*OUFSWJFXT

1BSUJDJQBOUT BSF Process and outcome: BT JOUFSWJFXFE BCPVU TUPSZUFMMJOH UIFJS WBMVFT CFMJFGT BOE QSFGFSFODFT (SPVQ JOUFSWJFXT BMMPX GPS EFMJCFSBUJPO BOE BSF TJNJMBS UP JO EFQUI EJTDVTTJPO HSPVQT )PXFWFS JO HSPVQ JOUFSWJFXT UFSNT BSF TFU CZ UIF JOUFSWJFXFS SBUIFS UIBO UIF HSPVQ

*OUFSQSFUJWF

.FEJB BOBMZTJT

6TF PG B SBOHF PG UFYUVBM BOBMZTJT UPPMT QBSUJDVMBSMZ DPOUFOU GSBNF BOE EJTDPVSTF BOBMZTJT PO NBTT NFEJB PVUQVUT BOE TPDJBM NFEJB DPOUFOU PWFS B TFMFDUFE QFSJPE PG UJNF

Process: O B Outcome: USBOTDFOEFOUBM DPNNVOBM TPDJFUBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT PUIFS SFHBSEJOH WBMVFT

"OZ

-PX UP NFEJVN o EFQFOEJOH PO USBOTDSJQUJPO SFRVJSFNFOUT BOE DPNQMFYJUZ PG DPEJOH

"OZ

-PX UP NFEJVN .FEJB BOBMZTJT DBO CF B DPTU effFDUJWF BOE SFMBUJWFMZ SBQJE BQQSPBDI GPS MBSHF TDBMF BTTFTTNFOUT GPS BTTFTTNFOU PG TPDJFUBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT

5JNFTDBMF

&YBNQMF PS GVSUIFS JOGP

4IPSU UP NFEJVN o #SZNBO " EFQFOEJOH PO OVNCFS 4PDJBM 3FTFBSDI PG JOEJWJEVBMT HSPVQT .FUIPET 0YGPSE 0YGPSE 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT

/&"'0 81 $PBTU JO UIF NFEJB DBTF TUVEZ

*OUFSQSFUJWF

3FTPVSDFT SFRVJSFE

&YBNQMF PS GVSUIFS JOGP

5ZQFT PG TIBSFE WBMVFT UIBU NBZ CF FMJDJUFE

4QBUJBM TDBMF

%FTL CBTFE 5IJT BQQSPBDI DBO CF used effFDUJWFMZ BT B DVMUVSBM IJTUPSZ TUVEZ GJSTU PQUJPO UP RVJDLMZ TDBO FYJTUJOH MJUFSBUVSF PWFS B TQFDJGJFE QFrJPE PG UJNF UP JEFOUJGZ WBMVFT DPOOFDUFE XJUI UIF EFDJTJPO CFJOH DPOTJEFSFE 5IF TUVEZ DBO DPWFS BDBEFNJD BOE HSFZ MJUFSBUVSF BT XFMM BT DSFBUJWF XSJUJOH QSPTF BOE QPFUSZ )JTUPSJDBM BOBMZTJT DBO EFMJWFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG QBTU WBMVF BOE CFMJFG DPOGMJcUT UIBU DBO IFMQ UP CFUUFS NBOBHF QSFTFOU JTTVFT BOE NJUJHBUF SJTLT

Process: O B

"OZ

-PX UP NFEJVN 4IPSU UP NFEJVN 3PCFSUTPO * EFQFOEJOH PO EFQUI PG EFQFOEJOH PO EFQUI PG 3JDIBSET 1 JOWFTUJHBUJPO JOWFTUJHBUJPO 4UVEZJOH $VMUVSBM -BOETDBQFT "SOPME -POEPO

0UIFS JOUFSQSFUJWF NFUIPET

1SPDFTT O B

7BSJBCMF

5FDIOJRVF

%FTDSJQUJPO

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

" XJEF SBOHF PG RVBMJUBUJWF UFDIOJRVFT JODMVEJOH FUIOPHSBQIZ BOE QBSUJDJQBOU PCTFSWBUJPO HFOFBMPHZ MJGF IJTUPSZ NFUIPET ESBNBUVSHJDBM BOBMZTJT SFWJFXJOH MBOETDBQF DIBSBDUFS EFTDSJQUJPOT PUIFS UFYUVBM BOBMZTJT PG WBSJPVT TPSUT JODMVEJOH EJTDPVSTF DPOUFOU BOE GSBNF BOBMZTJT DPOUFOU BOE GSBNF BOBMZTJT

Outcome: USBOTDFOEFOUBM DPNNVOBM TPDJFUBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT PUIFS SFHBSEJOH WBMVFT

Outcome: 7BSJBCMF DBO CF QBSUJDVMBSMZ TVJUFE UP USBOTDFOEFOUBM DPNNVOBM TPDJFUBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT NBZ UBLF UIF GPSN PG EFMJCFSBUFE HSPVQ WBMVFT /VNCFS PG UJNFT QBSUJDVMBS UIFNFT PS WBMVFT BSF FYQSFTTFE DBO QSPWJEF JOEJDBUPST

5JNFTDBMF

4IPSU UP NFEJVN UFYUVBM BOBMZTJT MJGF IJTUPSZ NFUIPET MPOH FUIOPHSBQIZ WBSJBCMF PUIFST

/&"'0 3FQPSU PO BSUT BOE IVNBOJUJFT QFSTQFDUJWFT PO DVMUVSBM FDPTZTUFN TFSWJDFT

2 5FDIOJRVF 6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

1TZDIPNFUSJD EFMJCFSBUJWF

1TZDIPNFUSJD

7BMVFT DPNQBTT

4VCKFDUJWF XFMM CFJOH JOEJDBUPST

&YBNQMF PS GVSUIFS JOGP

%FTDSJQUJPO

5ZQFT PG TIBSFE BOE TPDJBM WBMVFT UIBU NBZ CF FMJDJUFE

4QBUJBM TDBMF

3FTPVSDFT SFRVJSFE

5JNFTDBMF

5IJT NFUIPE BTLT QBSUJDJQBOUT UP DPOTJEFS XIJDI PG UIFJS JOEJWJEVBM USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT BSF NPTU JNQPSUBOU CZ SBOLJOH PS SBUJOH UIFN BOE UIFO BTLT UP EJTDVTT UIF EFHSFF UP XIJDI UIFTF WBMVFT BSF JNQPSUBOU GPS POF T DPNNVOJUZ DVMUVSF PS TPDJFUZ 7BMVFT DBO BMTP CF SBOLFE PS SBUFE PO B HSPVQ CBTJT

Process: USBOTDFOEFOUBM JOEJWJEVBM DPNNVOBM DVMUVSBM BOE PS TPDJFUBM WBMVFT

O B

-PX

4IPSU

"OZ IJHIMZ TVJUBCMF GPS MBSHF TDBMF BTTFTTNFOUT UIPVHI UIFSF JT B OFFE GPS TUBOEBSEJTFE TDBMFT

.FEJVN TUBUJTUJDBM FYQFSUJTF BOE TBNQMF TJ[F SFRVJSFNFOUT &TUBCMJTINFOU PG OFX JOTUSVNFOUT JT DPNQMFY BOE UJNF DPOTVNJOH 6TJOH QSPWFO JOTUSVNFOUT DBO CF SFMBUJWFMZ JOFYQFOTJWF BOE SBQJE

4IPSU UP NFEJVN /&"'0 81 .1"T DBTF EFQFOEFOU PO TUVEZ

DPNQMFYJUZ BOE TBNQMF TJ[F

/&"'0 81 .1"T BOE )BTUJOHT DBTF TUVEJFT

Outcome: "T QSPDFTT QMVT HSPVQ BOE EFMJCFSBUFE WBMVFT SBOLFE PS SBUFE PO B HSPVQ CBTJT

5IFTF DBO CF VTFE UP Process: O B BTTFTT IPX BOE UIF EFHSFF UP XIJDI QMBDFT Outcome: DPNNVOBM TPDJFUBM DPOUSJCVUF UP POF T BOE DVMUVSBM DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT XFMM CFJOH BOE BSF UIVT IJHIMZ TVJUBCMF GPS BTTFTTJOH UIF WBMVF PG DVMUVSBM FDPTZTUFN TFSWJDFT VTJOH B RVBOUJUBUJWF OPO NPOFUBSZ NFUSJD

5FDIOJRVF 1TZDIPNFUSJD

%FTDSJQUJPO 0UIFS 1TZDIPNFUSJD QTZDIPNFUSJD UFTUJOH SFGFST UP UIF NFBTVSFNFOU PG QTZDIPMPHJDBM QIFOPNFOB BOE QSPDFTTFT F H LOPXMFEHF FYQFSJFODF BUUJUVEFT WBMVFT XPSMEWJFXT 1TZDIPNFUSJD NPEFMT F H 7BMVFT #FMJFGT /PSNT 5IFPSZ PG 1MBOOFE #FIBWJPVS DBO CF VTFE UP CFUUFS VOEFSTUBOE UIF JNQBDU PG EFMJCFSBUJWF QSPDFTTFT PO WBMVFT

5ZQFT PG TIBSFE BOE TPDJBM WBMVFT UIBU NBZ CF FMJDJUFE

4QBUJBM TDBMF

Outcome: TUBOEBSE TDBMFT FYJTU "OZ GPS USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT BOE DBO CF EFWFMPQFE PO B DBTF CZ DBTF CBTJT GPS DPOUFYUVBM DPNNVOBM DVMUVSBM BOE TPDJBM WBMVFT 4UBUJTUJDBM NPEFMT DBO CF VTFE UP SFMBUF QTZDIPNFUSJD WBSJBCMFT F H USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT UP DPOUFYUVBM WBMVFT BOE JOEJDBUPST TVDI BT 851

3FTPVSDFT SFRVJSFE

5JNFTDBMF

*EFN

&YBNQMF PS GVSUIFS JOGP /&"'0 81 'PSUI BOE .1"T DBTF TUVEJFT

Process: O BUP &NCFE BO &DPTZTUFNT "QQSPBDI JOUP %FDJTJPO .BLJOH %&'3" -POEPO

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

%FTDSJQUJPOT NBSLFE XFSF BEBQUFE GSPN 'JTI 3 FU BM 1BSUJDJQBUPSZ BOE %FMJCFSBUJWF 5FDIOJRVFT UP &NCFE BO &DPTZTUFNT "QQSPBDI JOUP %FDJTJPO .BLJOH %&'3" -POEPO

Deliberation

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willingness to pay 851 UP BDIJFWF B DFSUBJO PVUDPNF PS GPS QVUUJOH B QPMJDZ PS B GPSN PG NBOBHFNFOU JOUP QMBDF F H FTUBCMJTIJOH B QSPUFDUFE BSFB DBO CF EFMJCFSBUFE BU UIF JOEJWJEVBM TDBMF XIBU BO JOEJWJEVBM JT 851 PS BT B Afair price XIBU JT B GBJS QSJDF UP QBZ GPS B NFNCFS PG UIF QVCMJD PS B DFSUBJO HSPVQ PS DPNNVOJUZ PS BT TPDJBM 851 IPX NVDI TIPVME TPDJFUZ HPWFSONFOU QBZ 5IF BEWBOUBHF PG VTJOH NPOFZ BNPVOUT JT UIBU UIF SFMBUJWF JNQPSUBODF PG EJGGFSFOU UIJOHT DBO CF FBTJMZ BOE QSBHNBUJDBMMZ DPNQBSFE

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multi-criteria (decision) analysis DPNCJOFT SBUJOHT BDSoss diffFSFOU EJNFOTJPOT PG WBMVF UIF DSJUFSJB *U BMMPXT FDPOPNJD TPDJBM BOE FOWJSPONFOUBM DSJUFSJB JODMVEJOH DPNQFUJOH QSJPSJUJFT UP CF TZTUFNBUJDBMMZ FWBMVBUFE CZ HSPVQT PG QFPQMF

.BOZ PG UIFTF UFDIOJRVFT XJMM CF EFTDSJCFE JO TPNF NPSF EFUBJM JO UIF FYBNQMFT BOE DBTF TUVEJFT JO UIF GPMMPXJOH TFDUJPOT 8PSLJOH XJUI B QSPGFTTJPOBM GBDJMJUBUPS JT QBSUJDVMBSMZ JNQPSUBOU JO DPNQMFY BOE PS DPOUFTUFE EFDJTJPOT )PXFWFS JO BOZ EFDJTJPO NBLJOH QSPDFTT HPPE GBDJMJUBUJPO DBO JODSFBTF UIF FGGJDJFODZ PG UIF QSPDFTT FOTVSF FWFSZPOF IBT B GBJS TBZ CBMBODF QPXFS EZOBNJDT JODSFBTF MFBSOJOH BOE FOKPZNFOU BOE HFOFSBMMZ IFMQ HFU UIF NPTU PVU PG JU GPS FWFSZPOF JOWPMWFE " NPSF EFUBJMFE EJTDVTTJPO PG EFMJCFSBUJPO BOE TPDJBM MFBSOJOH DBO CF GPVOE JO 6, /&"'0 81 4FDUJPOT BOE

Establishing a verdict is a qualitative way of appraising or choosing a preferred option

6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

How to consider shared, plural and cultural values in decisions

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4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

Table 1. Methods and stages of the policy cycle.

4UBHF PG QPMJDZ DZDMF

1PUFOUJBM UPPMT NFUIPET

*EFBT

7JTJPOJOH 4UPSZUFMMJOH

4VSWFZ

%FMJCFSBUJWF NPOFUBSZ WBMVBUJPO 1BSUJDJQBUPSZ NBQQJOH (*4 1TZDIPNFUSJD TVCKFDUJWF XFMMCFJOH JOEJDBUPST 1TZDIPMPHJDBM WBMVFT BOE CFMJFGT TVSWFZT 7BMVFT DPNQBTT 4PDJBM NFEJB BOBMZTJT %FTL CBTFE DVMUVSBM IJTUPSZ TUVEZ 4UPSZUFMMJOH *OUFSWJFXT *O EFQUI EJTDVTTJPO HSPVQT %FMJCFSBUJWF PQJOJPO QPMMT 3FWJFX MBOETDBQF DIBSBDUFS EFTDSJQUJPOT &YJTUJOH RVBOUJUBUJWF EBUBTFUT

"TTFTT

%FMJCFSBUJWF NPOFUBSZ WBMVBUJPO %FMJCFSBUJWF NVMUJ DSJUFSJB BOBMZTJT $JUJ[FOT KVSJFT 1BSUJDJQBUPSZ TZTUFNT NPEFMMJOH 4805 BOBMZTJT

1MBO

*OUFSWJFXT *O EFQUI EJTDVTTJPO HSPVQT %FMJCFSBUJWF PQJOJPO QPMMT 3FWJFX MBOETDBQF DIBSBDUFS EFTDSJQUJPOT &YJTUJOH RVBOUJUBUJWF EBUBTFUT

%FMJWFS NBOBHF

*O EFQUI EJTDVTTJPO HSPVQT 1BSUJDJQBUPSZ NBQQJOH (*4 1BSUJDJQBUPSZ CVEHFUJOH 4805 BOBMZTJT 3FWJFX MBOETDBQF DIBSBDUFS EFTDSJQUJPOT

&WBMVBUF

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6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

6.1 Using existing datasets to identify shared values *OUSPEVDUJPO #FGPSF DPOTJEFSJOH DPMMFDUJOH OFX EBUB BCPVU UIF TIBSFE WBMVFT QFPQMF NBZ IPME Gor diffFSFOU FDPTZTUFN TFSWJDFT BOE TQFDJGJD QMBcFT JU JT JNQPSUBOU UP DPOTJEFS XIFUIFS UIFSF JT FYJTUJOH EBUB BWBJMBCMF UIBU DBO QSPWJEF JOTJHIUT 5IJT UZQF PG BQQSPBDI DBO CF VTFGVM GPS NBOZ JTTVFT TVDI BT VOEFSTUBOEJOH VOEFSMZJOH USFOET BCPVU UIF JNQPSUBODF PG OBUVSF UP UIF QVCMJD GPDVTJOH PO B TQFDJGJD QMBcF PS B QSPHSBNNF DPOOFDUFE UP B QMBDF PS HBJOJOH BO VOEFSTUBOEJOH BU B OBUJPOBM TDBMF PG IPX TPDJFUZ WBMVFT OBUVSF UISPVHI UIF XBZ JO XIJDI JU JT DPOTFSWFE WJB EFTJHOBUJPOT 8IBU UZQFT PG EBUB DPVME XF ESBX PO 8F EJTUJOHVJTI CFUXFFO UISFF UZQFT PG FYJTUJOH EBUB UIBU DPVME CF FYQMPSFE

%BUB PO QFPQMF o GPS FYBNQMF EBUB PO UIF VTF PG OBUVSF GPS SFDSFBUJPO BOE UIF XFMM CFJOH CFOFGJUT HBJOFE GSPN DPOOFDUJOH UP OBUVSF EBUB PO BUUJUVEFT UP UIF FOWJSPONFOU BOE CJPEJWFSTJUZ 5IJT UZQF PG EBUB XJMM QSJNBSJMZ JEFOUJGZ DVMUVSBM TFSWJDFT CFOFGJUT BT wFMM BT TPNF QSPWJTJPOJOH BOE TVQQPSUJOH TFSWJDFT WBMVFT F H WBMVF PG XJMEMJGF CJPEJWFSTJUZ

%BUB PO MBOE DIBSBDUFSJTBUJPO BOE EFTJHOBUJPOT o F H /BUJPOBM MBOETDBQF $IBSBDUFS BSFBT /BUJPOBM 1BSLT 444* T 4QFDJBM "SFBT PG $POTFSWBUJPO 5IJT UZQF of EBUB DBO QSPWJEF JOGPSNBUJPO QSJNBSJMZ PO TVQQPSUJOH BOE SFHVMBUJOH TFSWJDFT 5IF EFTJHOBUJPO PG OBUVSBM BSFBT DBO JMMVTUSBUF B NBOJGFTUBUJPO PG TIBSFE WBMVFT BT UIFZ PGUFO JOWPMWF B SBOHF PG DPOTVMUBUJPOT BOE EJTDVTTJPOT CFGPSF EFTJHOBUJPO

%BUB PO JOUFSWFOUJPOT PS QSPHSBNNFT UIBU FODPVSBHF QFPQMF UP FOKPZ OBUVSF WPMVOUFFSJOH QSPKFDUT IFBMUI XBMLT -BOETDBQF 1BSUOFSTIJQ 4DIFNFT /BUVSF *NQSPWFNFOU "SFBT 5IJT UZQF PG EBUB DPVME QSPWJEF JOGPSNBUJPO BDSPTT UIF SBOHF PG FDPTZTUFN TFSWJDFT BOE IJHIMJHIU B QMVSBMJUZ PG DVMUVSBM BOE TIBSFE WBMVFT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI QBSUJDVMBS QMBDFT

5IF UBCMF PO UIF OFYU QBHF QSPWJEFT TPNF FYBNQMFT PG FYJTUJOH TPVSDFT PG EBUB GSPN XIJDI JOTJHIUT PO TIBSFE WBMVFT DPVME CF ESBXO .VDI PG UIJT JOGPSNBUJPO JT BWailable in diffFSFOU GPSNBUT PO UIF XFCTJUFT PG PSHBOJTBUJPOT TVDI BT /BUVSBM &OHMBOE 4DPUUJTI /BUVSBM )FSJUBHF 'PSFTUSZ $PNNJTTJPO .PTU JT BWBJMBCMF JO SFQPSU GPSN BMUIPVHI JO TPNF JOTUBODFT TVDI BT .&/& EBUB UBCMFT BSF BWBJMBCMF BMMPXJOH UIF PQUJPO UP DSPTT UBCVMBUF EJffFSFOU WBSJBCMFT XJUIJO UIF EBUB TFU 6TJOH UIF NFUIPE PG B EFTL CBTFE TUVEZ XPVME CF UIF CFTU BQQSPBDI UP JEFOUJGZ BOE DPOTJEFS UIF VTF PG FYJTUJOH EBUBTFUT

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

Table 2. &YJTUJOH TPVSDFT PG JOGPSNBUJPO GSPN XIJDI JOTJHIU PO TIBSFE WBMVFT DPVME CF ESBXO %BUBTFU

1PUFOUJBM UPPMT NFUIPET

6TF BDDFTT UZQF BUUJUVEFT DPVOUSZ

.POJUPS PG FOHBHFNFOU XJUI UIF OBUVSBM FOWJSPONFOU .&/& &OHMBOE

5ZQF PG EFTUJOBUJPO J F QBSL XPPE GSFRVFODZ PG VTF EVSBUJPO PG WJTJU NBJO BDUJWJUJFT NPUJWBUJPOT UP WJTJU CFOFGJUT PG WJTJU <.&/& JT EJTDVTTFE JO EFUBJM JO /&"'0 81 >

4DPUUJTI PVUEPPS SFDSFBUJPO TVSWFZ 4DPUMBOE

5ZQF PG EFTUJOBUJPO J F QBSL XPPE GSFRVFODZ PG VTF EVSBUJPO PG WJTJU NBJO BDUJWJUJFT CFOFGJUT PG WJTJt

8FMTI PVUEPPS SFDSFBUJPO TVSWFZ 8BMFT

5ZQF PG EFTUJOBUJPO J F QBSL XPPE GSFRVFODZ PG VTF EVSBUJPO PG WJTJU NBJO BDUJWJUJFT CFOFGJUT PG WJTJt

(SFFOTQBDF 4DPUMBOE TVSWFZ

2VBMJUZ PG MPDBM HSFFO TQBDF JNQPSUBODF PG HSFFO TQBDF UP MPDBM DPNNVOJUZ

1VCMJD PQJOJPO PG GPSFTUSZ 6,

6TF PG XPPEMBOE GSFRVFODZ PG WJTJUT CFOFGJUT PG WJTJUT UP UIF JOEJWJEVBM UIF CFOFGJUT PG XPPEMBOET UP UIF QVCMJD

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6.2 Risk management for a potentially contested environmental policy on the drawing board â&#x20AC;¢ â&#x20AC;¢ â&#x20AC;¢

Desk based cultural historical study Media analysis In-depth discussion groups

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5IJT BQQSoach is useful and effFDUJWF XIFO

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4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

6.3 Social desirability of a policy programme environmental impacts â&#x20AC;¢ â&#x20AC;¢

Social media analysis Citizenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s jury

*OUSPEVDUJPO

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6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

XIP NBZ CF BTLFE UP FYQSFTT UIFJS WBMVFT BOE CFMJFGT F H MBOEIPMEFST SFTJEFOUT BOE BDUJWJTUT XIP FYQMBJO UIFJS DPODFSOT 3FTFBSDIFST BDU BT GBDJMJUBUPST UP IFMQ NBOBHF BOE TUSVDUVSF TFTTJPOT CVU UBLF DBSF UP OPU JOGMVFODF UIF PVUDPNFT +VSZ NFNCFST PGUFO SFDFJWF TPNF USBJOJOH PO QSPDFTT BOE QSPDFEVSFT CFGPSF UIF TFTTJPOT DPNNFODF

JO DSPQQJOH F H QMBOUJOH FOFSHZ DSPQT SFTUPSJOH EBNBHFE IBCJUBUT CBDL UP HPPE DPOEJUJPO PS SFJOUSPEVDJOH OBUJWF TQFDJFT BOE GPSFTU

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6.5 Comparing the wellbeing that people derive from different potential protected areas â&#x20AC;¢ â&#x20AC;¢

Storytelling Psychometric subjective wellbeing indicators

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6.6 Project Appraisal â&#x20AC;¢ â&#x20AC;¢ â&#x20AC;¢

Deliberative Monetary Valuation (DMV) to feed into Cost-Benefit Analysis DMV as an alternative to Cost-Benefit Analysis Participatory Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA)

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6.7 Payments for Ecosystem Services schemes

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Methods case studies

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

6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

BOE EJWFST SFGFSSFE JO UIFJS TUPSJFT UP CPOEJOH XJUI UIFJS EJWF NBUFT BOE CVJMEJOH USVTU BT B SFTVMU PG UIFJS EJWFT 4UPSJFT XFSF PGUFO SFMBUFE UP UIF FYQMPSBUPSZ BEWFOUVSPVT BTQFDU PG EJWJOH BOE UIF GFFMJOH PG GSFFEPN GFMU BT B SFTVMU PG UBLJOH QBSU JO UIJT BDUJWJUZ %JWFST UFOEFE UP FNQIBTJTF UIJT FYQMPSBUJPO BEWFOUVSF BTQFDU BT B QPTJUJWF GPS EJWJOH JO 6, XBUFST XIJDI XFSF EFTDSJCFE BT NPSF DIBMMFOHJOH CVU NVDI NPSF JOUFSFTUJOH UISPVHI UIFJS IJHI EJWFSTJUZ UIBO DPNNPOMZ EJWFE TJUFT BCSPBE 5IF TUPSJFT UPME CZ BOHMFST UFOEFE UP QSFTFOU UIJT BDUJWJUZ BT B NPSF TPMJUBSZ SFGMFDUJWF BOE UIFSBQFVUJD BDUJWJUZ UIBO EJWJOH XIFSF B TUSPOHFS DPOOFDUJPO XJUI QMBDF XBT GPTUFSFE "MUIPVHI DPOOFDUJPO XJUI OBUVSF SFNBJOFE B TJHOJGJDBOU UIFNF BOHMFST SFGFSSFE UP UIFNTFMWFT BT PCTFSWFST SBUIFS UIBO UIF QBSUJDJQBOUT UIBU UIF EJWFST TBX UIFNTFMWFT UP CF "OHMFST BMTP UFOEFE UP TIBSF TUPSJFT BCPVU JOUSPEVDJOH BOHMJOH UP PUIFST BOE UIF JOGMVFOcF UIBU UIJT IBT IBE GPS TPNFPOF FMTF *O QBSUJDVMBS UIFTF TUPSJFT XFSF BCPVU QBTTJOH PO LOPXMFEHF PS FYQFSJFODF UP B ZPVOHFS QFSTPO *O UIF .$" XPSLTIPQT GPDVTJOH UIF EFMJCFSBUJPO BOE TDPSJOH PO TJUF CBTFE WBMVFT IFMQFE UJF WBMVFT UP TQFDJGJD MBOETDBQFT BOE XBT VTFGVM GPS VOEFSTUBOEJOH RVBMJUBUJWF XFMM CFJOH CFOFGJUT TVDI BT TFOTF PG QMBDF JEFOUJUZ BOE NFNPSBCMF FYQFSJFODFT 5IF SBOLJOH SFTVMUT JOEJDBUFE UIBU QBSUJDJQBOUT FYQSessed diffFSFOU WBMVFT BT B HSPVQ UP UIPTF FYQSFTTFE BT JOEJWJEVBMT XJUI UIF HSPVQ SBOLJOHT NPSF TUSPOHMZ PSJFOUBUFE UPXBSET FEVDBUJPO BOE MFTT TUSPOHMZ QSPUFDUJOH SFDSFBUJPOBM PQQPSUVOJUJFT 4PNF HSPVQT DBSSJFE PVU UIF HSPVQ DPOTFOTVT FYFSDJTF GSPN UIF QFSTQFDUJWF PG UIFJS QFSTPOBM OFFET CVU UIF NBKPSJUZ BQQSPBDIFE UIF FYFSDJTF GSPN B XJEFS TPDJFUBM QFSTQFDUJWF XIFSF JU XBT GFMU UIBU QSJPSJUJTJOH FOWJSPONFOUBM QSPUFDUJPO XPVME CFOFGJU CPUI UIFNTFMWFT BOE XJEFS TPDJFUZ

"T JO UIF %.7 XPSLTIPQT BOE UIF 'PSUI DBTF TUVEZ EFMJCFSBUFE JOEJWJEVBM WBMVFT GFMM CFUXFFO OPO EFMJCFSBUFE JOEJWJEVBM WBMVFT BOE EFMJCFSBUFE HSPVQ WBMVFT 3BOLJOH BOE TDPSJOH SFTVMUT BQQFBSFE UP SFGMFDU USBEF offT CFUXFFO PUIFS SFHBSEJOH USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT BOE OPSNT QBSUJDVMBSMZ FOWJSPONFOUBM QSPUFDUJPO BOE TFMG SFHBSEJOH VUJMJUBSJBO WBMVFT GPDVTTFE PO SFDSFBUJPOBM PQQPSUVOJUJFT 'BJSOFTT BOE QSPQPSUJPOBMJUZ BSPVOE NFBTVSFT XBT B DPOTJTUFOU UIFNF QBSUJDVMBSMZ GPS BOHMFST BT QBSUJDJQBOUT DPNNFOUFE UIBU SFTUSJDUJPOT PO SFDSFBUJPOBM BDDFTT TIPVME CF QSPQPSUJPOBUF UP UIPTF BQQMJFE UP DPNNFSDJBM GJTIJOH XIJDI XBT UIPVHIU UP IBWF GBS HSFBUFS JNQBDUT UIBO SFDSFBUJPOBM VTF "MNPTU IBMG PG UIF QBSUJDJQBOUT GFMU TVCTUBOUJBMMZ NPSF DPOGJEFOU BCPVU UIFJS BOTXFST JO %.7 BOE .$" XPSLTIPQT UIBO JO UIF POMJOF TVSWFZ GFX SFTQPOEFOUT GFMU NPSF DPOGJEFOU JO UIF TVSWFZ "TLJOH QFPQMF GPS UIFJS PQJOJPO PO XIJDI BQQSPBDI TIPVME CF VTFE UP BTTFTT UIFJS WBMVFT BSPVOE NBSJOF TJUFT UIF NBKPSJUZ PG QBSUJDJQBOUT JOEJDBUFE UIFZ QSFGFSSFE UIF XPSLTIPQ GPSNBU BOE NPTU PG UIPTF QSFGFSSFE HSPVQ UP JOEJWJEVBM DIPJDFT

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

7.3 Hastings: Valuing the sea in a broader societal context 5IJT JO EFQUI MPDBM DBTF TUVEZ GPDVTFT PO WBMVJOH &4 BSPVOE JOTIPSF GJTIFriFT BOE NBSJOF DPOTFSWBUJPO JO )BTUJOHT 4VTTFY 8PSLJOH XJUI UIF )BTUJOHT 'JTIFSJFT -PDBM "DUJPO (SPVQ '-"( UIJT DBTF TUVEZ GPDVTFE PO TIBSFE WBMVFT GPS UIF DVMUVSBM CFOFGJUT PG UIF NBrJOF FOWJSPONFOU BOE BDUJWJUJFT XJUIJO JU QBSUJDVMBSMZ JOTIPSF GJTIFr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

6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

QBSUJDJQBUPSZ DPODFQUVBM TZTUFNT NPEFMMJOH WJTJPOJOH BOE JOGPSNBM EFMJCFSBUJPO EVSJOH HSPVQ CFBDI XBMLT 5IF .$" BOE EFMJCFSBUJWF FYFSDJTFT GJOBMMZ MFE tP BO JOOPWBUJWF JNQMFNFOUBUJPO PG %.7 UISPVHI QPMJDZ QBDLBHF EFWFMPQNFOU BOE OFHPUJBUJPO BOE QBSUJDJQBUPSZ CVEHFUJOH

#BDLHSPVOE

)BTUJOHT JT B UPXO PG BSPVOE JOIBCJUBOUT PO UIF TPVUI FBTU DPBTU PG &OHMBOE BOE POF PG #SJUBJO T PMEFTU GJTIJOH QPrUT #PBUT IBWF XPSLFE GSPN UIF CFBDI JO GSPOU PG UIF BODJFOU UPXO GPS PWFS B UIPVTBOE ZFBST TVQQMZJOH )BTUJOHT XJUI JUT DPSF JOEVTUSZ BOE NBJO UPVSJTU BUUSBDUJPO 5IF BSUJTBO GMFFU PG BrPVOE VOEFS NFUFS WFTTFMT JT TFFO UP SFQSFTFOU BO FOWJSPONFOUBMMZ CFOJHO BQQSPBDI UP GJTIJOH BOE IBT CFFO TUrPOHMZ WPDBM JO UFSNT PG TVQQPSUJOH NBSJOF DPOTFSWBtion effPSUT )PXFWFS BSUJTBO GJTIFrJFT JO UIF 6, IBWF PWFS SFDFOU ZFBST GBMMFO PVUTJEF PG UIF &VSPQFBO $PNNPO 'JTIFSJFT 1PMJDZ RVPUB TZTUFN XIJDI NFBOU UIBU UIF GMFFU XBT OPU BMMPXFE UP DBUDI TJHOJGJDBnU BNPVOUT

PG LFZ TQFDJFT 5IJT FODPVSBHFE FDPOPNJD EJWFSTJGJDaUJPO PG UIF GJTIJOH cPNNVOJUZ BOE CVJMEJOH TUSPOHFS BMMJBODFT XJUI PUIFST F H MPDBM DVMUVSF BOE BSUT PSHBOJTBUJPOT "OPUIFS JTTVF GBDFE CZ UIF GMFFU JT LFFQJOH BOE aUUSBDUJOH ZPVOH QFPQMF JOUP UIF JOEVTUSZ BOE USBOTGFSSJOH USBEJUJPOBM LOPXMFEHF UP GVUVSF HFOFSBUJPOT 'JOBMMZ DMJNBUF DIBOHF QPTFT MPOHFS UFSN UISFBUT UP UIF CFBDI

DIBOHJOH BDDSFUJPO QBUUFSOT XIJDI MFBE UP UIF CFBDI CFDPNJOH TUFFQFS NBLJOH JU EJGGJDVMU tP MBOE CPBUT JO CBE XFBUIFS 8IJMF UIF A0ME 5PXO PG )BTUJOHT GBDFT UIFTF JTTVFT TVSSPVOEJOH UIF NBSJOF FOWJSPONFOU )BTUJOHT A/FX 5PXO GBDFT CSPBEFS TPDJBM EFQSJWBUJPO JTTVFT BT POF PG UIF NPTU EFQSJWFE UPXOT JO UIF TPVUI FBTU PG &OHMBOE

)PXFWFS TIPSUMZ BGUFS UIF TFSJFT PG XPSLTIPQT UPPL QMBDF JO .BZ )BTUJOHT GJTIFSNFO GJOBMMZ TFDVSFE OFX RVPUB SJHIUT JO

DPVSU

4IBSFE QMVSBM BOE DVMUVSBM WBMVFT IBOECPPL

.FUIPET BOE SFTVMUT 5IF JOJUJBM QBSU PG XPSLTIPQ POF GPDVTFE PO EJTDVTTJPO PG USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT BOE XFMM CFJOH 'PMMPXJOH B SPVOE PG TUPSZUFMMJOH PO XIZ UIF NBSJOF FOWJSPONFOU XBT JNQPSUBOU UP FBDI QBSUJDJQBOU TNBMM HSPVQT VTFE B USBOTDFOEFOUBM WBMVFT ADPNQBTT UP SFGMFDU PO UIF EFFQFS WBMVFT UIF QFSTPOBM TUPSJFT IBE FMJDJUFE " OVNCFS PG WBMVFT FNFSHFE BT CFJOH EPNJOBOU JODMVEJOH ATFOTF PG CFMPOHJOH AFOKPZJOH MJGF BOE AQSPUFDUJOH UIF FOWJSPONFOU 7BMVFT PG TFMG EJSFDUJPO JODMVEJOH DSFBUJWJUZ BOE GSFFEPN BOE TPDJBM KVTUJDF BMTP GFBUVSFE QSPNJOFOUMZ 8IFO UIFTF SFTVMUT XFSF QSFTFOUFE CBDL JO XPSLTIPQ UXP QBSUJDJQBOUT FYQSFTTFE UIBU UIFZ XFSF TUSVDL CZ UIF XBZ UIBU UIFTF WBMVFT BDDVSBUFMZ DBQUVSFE UIFJS WJFX PG UIF DPSF WBMVFT BOE JEFOUJUZ PG UIF UPXO "GUFS UIFTF EJTDVTTJPOT PO EFFQFS IFME WBMVFT B NPSF QSBHNBUJD 4805 BOBMZTJT VMUJNBUFMZ MFE UP LFZ HPBMT UIBU SFGMFDUFE FOWJSPONFOUBM TPDJBM FDPOPNJD BOE DVMUVSBM BTQJSBUJPOT (Table 4) #BTFE PO XPSLTIPQ POF SFTVMUT UIF SFTFBSDIFST EFWFMPQFE GPVS AWJTJPOT GPS )BTUJOHT JO City of Culture, Green Hastings, Greater City and Business as Usual UIBU XFSF UIFO QVU JOUP B QIZTJDBM DPOUFYU UISPVHI JOGPSNBM EJTDVTTJPO EVSJOH B CFBDI BOE TFBGSPOU XBML XIJDI MFE UP QBSUJDJQBOUT MJOLJOH UIF NBSJOF FOWJSPONFOU XJUI UIF OFFE GPS JNQSPWJOH FEVDBUJPO BOE MPDBMMZ DVMUVSBMMZ BQQSPQSJBUF FDPOPNJD SFHFOFSBUJPO

1BSUJDJQBOUT DPOUJOVFE NBLJOH FYUFOTJWF DPOOFDUJPOT CFUXFFO B XJEF SBOHF PG JTTVFT JO B DPODFQUVBM TZTUFNT NPEFMMJOH FYFSDJTF TJNJMBS UP UIBU JO UIF 'PSUI DBTF TUVEZ 3FTVMUT TIPXFE BO BQQSFDJBUJPO PG UIF IJHIMZ JOUFS MJOLFE BOE DPNQMFY OBUVSF PG UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO WBSJBCMFT BT QBSUJDJQBOUT NBEF FYUFOTJWF MJOLBHFT CFUXFFO FDPMPHJDBM TPDJBM FDPOPNJD BOE DVMUVSBM WBSJBCMFT 8FMM CFJOH XBT SFMBUFE OPU POMZ UP FDPOPNJD GBDUPST CVU BMTP QSJEF PG QMBDF TPDJBM DPIFTJPO TPDJBM KVTUJDF CJPEJWFSTJUZ BOE JO UIF MPOH UFSN SFTJMJFODF UP DMJNBUF DIBOHF 8IJMF QBSUJDJQBOUT SFQPSUFE UIBU UIFZ IBE GFMU UIJT UP CF B DIBMMFOHJOH FYFSDJTF GFFECBDL SFQPSUT BMTP TIPXFE UIJT UP CF POF PG UIF NPTU SFXBSEJOH JO UFSNT PG TIBSFE MFBSOJOH "O .$" XBT UIFO DPOEVDUFE UP FWBMVBUF UIF WJTJPOT 'JSTU UIF UFO LFZ HPBMT JEFOUJGJFE FBrMJFS XFSF SBOLFE JO UFSNT PG JNQPSUBODF GJSTU CZ JOEJWJEVBMT BOE UIFO EFMJCFSBUJWFMZ CZ UIF HSPVQ BT B XIPMF " LFZ DIBOHF GSPN JOEJWJEVBM UP HSPVQ SFHBSEFE SFTJMJFODF UP DMJNBUF DIBOHF XIJDI JODSFBTFE JO JNQPSUBODF GSPN B NFBO PG UP B DPOTFOTVT TDPSF PG 5IF TFDPOE TUBHF JOWPMWFE TDPSJOH WJTJPOT JO UFSNT PG UIFJS BCJMJUZ UP EFMJWFS HPBMT 8FJHIUFE TDPSFT TIPX UIF (SFFO )BTUJOHT WJTJPO XBT QFSDFJWFE CZ UIF HSPVQ UP CF CFTU BCMF UP BDIJFWF HPBMT GPMMPXFE CZ $JUZ PG $VMUVSF

Table 4. Group key goals for Hastings used in MCA and DMV exercises.

3FEVDFE VOFNQMPZNFOU *ODSFBTFE TPDJBM KVTUJDF *ODSFBTFE DPNNVOJUZ DPIFTJPO &DPOPNJD HSPXUI 3FTJMJFODF UP DMJNBUF DIBOHF $POTFSWBUJPO PG CJPEJWFSTJUZ 3FEVDFE QPMMVUJPO 4USPOH DVMUVSBM JEFOUJUZ &OHBHFNFOU XJUI OBUVSF 8FMM FEVDBUFE QPQVMBUJPO

6, /BUJPOBM &DPTZTUFN "TTFTTNFOU 'PMMPX PO

CZ UIF TIBSFE MFBSOJOH BOE DPNNPO LOPXMFEHF PG UIF DPNQMFY JOUFS MJOLBHF PG DPNNVOJUZ WBSJBCMFT FDPOPNJD DVMUVSBM TPDJBM BOE FOWJSPONFOUBM EFWFMPQFE JO UIF TZTUFNT NPEFMMJOH FYFSDJTF JO UIF QSFWJPVT XPSLTIPQ &YBNQMFT PG UIJT JODMVEFE JNQSPWFNFOU PG UIF IBSCPVS BSN CPUI BT B TFB EFGFODF UP BEBQU UP DMJNBUF DIBOHF BOE BT B TVQQPSU GPS UIF CFBDI MBVODIFE GMFFU DFOUSBM UP UIF DVMUVSBM JEFOUJUZ BOE UPVSJTUJD BUUSBDUJWFOFTT PG UIF UPXO BOE EFWFMPQNFOU PG BO affPSEBCMF FDP IPVTJOH QSPKFDU XIJDI BHBJO BEESFTTFE FOWJSPONFOUBM TPDJBM KVTUJDF BOE FDPOPNJD HPBMT

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