m
farm ays
Urbanizing Abundance with Ha Noi's Circular Localvore Economy
m
farm ays Institution Professor Students
University of California, Berkeley, Renee Chow, rychow@studiourbis.com, 510.883.1967 Rebecca Sunter, rdsunter@berkeley.edu, 774.261.0646 Minjae Ahn, mj_ucb@berkeley.edu, 510.499.5346 Niknaz Aftahi, niknaz.aftahi@gmail.com Luis Jaggy, luis.jaggy@gmail.com Gabriel Kaprielian, gabriel.kaprielian@berkeley.edu Daniel Prostak, djp@berkeley.edu Max Edwards, maxedwards@berkeley.edu
Team A
Introduction
1
Project Abstract
2 3
Everyone Harvests Urbanizing the Sustainable Homestead Infill Model Phasing Groundscapes Field Analysis
4 5 6
Seasonal Adaptation
7 8 9 10
Fresh Air + Livable Density
11
Solar Optimization
12
Food Production
13 14 15
Canals + Roads Urban Fabric Section
Diversifying + Increasing Yields Urban Abundance
What could food-shaped urbanity and city-fueled agriculture look like?
Urban Abundance
Farmways Civiscape
100,000 people
1 km ²
5.3 F.A.R.
x28
m
more food
farm ays 1
Hà Nội’s Localvore Revolution builds on Tradition Born of a need to feed our growing world’s population, FARMWAYS is an urban infill paradigm that increases crop varieties and yields while forging a new connective tissue for high-density tropical living. Three-dimensional agricultural Frames are the urban generator of FARMWAY’S production and fulcrum of the urban experience. Frames connect the urban fabric in contiguous green bands, serving as vertical farm parkways, vegetated market arcades, air purifiers and sustainability research laboratories specializing in food forestry, aquaponics and clean energy cogeneration.
In one square kilometer, FARMWAYS can produce nearly thirty times the food of the original site while housing 100,000 people at a F.A.R. density of 5.3. Unsustainable rice paddy monoculture is replaced by a closed loop food model, built upon the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation’s (FAO) Integrated Farming techniques for rural Vietnamese homesteads. VAC closes the loop between Vườn (orchard and garden), Ao (fish pond) and Chuồng (livestock). FARMWAYS amplifies the FAO’s VAC model for cities. Fishpond water irrigates the aquaponic Frames of vegetable panels with nutrient-rich soluble fertilizer. Plant scraps are composted to build soil for the food forest of fruit and nut orchards. Using co-generation technology, chicken, pig and human waste is metabolized into methane, fueling 30% of the city’s energy. FARMWAYS serve as the urban biofiltration system. Plant biomass cleans airways by sequestering particulate matter. Street-lined wetlands intercept stormwater on its way to productive rice paddies. Clean resources make for clean, healthy food. FARMWAYS’ urban agriculture brings a Green Collar Economy, expanding upon Hà Nội’s long localvore tradition. Merging high production metrics with livable high-densities, FARMWAYS could be deployed within the 750sqkm of Hà Nội’s projected future urbanization, thereby growing enough food to feed, and providing a 21st century civic identity to house, its rapidly urbanizing population.
2
Farmers
Scientists
The Public
FRAME Upper Catwalks
FRAME + Laboratories
Frame Lower Catwalks + Ground
Residents Grow Balconies
Rooftop Gardens
Food Facades
E v e ry one Harvests E v e ry one Har vests
3
Ecologically Sustainable Agriculture
Existing
United Nation’s System
Closed Loop
>
>
Waste
Input
>
Unsustainable Agriculture
>
Rural Monoculture
Rural Homestead Integrated Farming
Even when grown organically without pesticides, annual row crop monoculture is unsustainable. The disconnection of inputs and waste depletes finite resources and increases landfill burdens.
The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation’s (FAO) Integrated Farming model, called VAC, closes the loop between Vườn (orchard and garden), Ao (fish pond) and Chuồng (livestock), using the waste of one system to feed another.
Closed Loop
the
Sustainable Homestead
>
Urbanizing
>
Culturally + Ecologically Sustainable Agriculture FARMWAYS Intensification
FISH POND
FOOD FOREST
POULTRY
FRAME
LIVESTOCK
RICE PADDIES In FARMWAYS’ city-scale amplification of FAO’s VAC circular system, fishpond water irrigates the aquaponic frame of vegetable panels with nutrient-rich soluble fertilizer. Plant scraps are composted to build soil for the food forest. Chicken, pig and human waste is metabolized into methane, using co-generation technology.
4
Hoa Lac
FARMWAYS
Hà Nội
GREATER HA NOI INNOVATION LINE
Vertical Cities Asia site
FARMWAYS Infill Design
25 km ²
17 km west of Hà Nội, 35 km east of Hoa Lac
2015
Starts as University Urban Agricultural Field Station
1 km ²
2020
Train, Ring Highway + Bus Rapid Transit increase regional + local access
Situated 17km west of Hà Nội, FARMWAYS starts as a University Field Station, connecting Northern Việt Nam’s innovation corridor on the planned railway between Hà Nội’s higher educational center and the planned High Tech Park and University satellite city of Hoa Lac located approximately 50km west of downtown Hà Nội.
2030
Farmway 1
Urban Ag Research Intensive
In fi l l M od e l
2040
Farmway 2
Public Edible Parkway
sta rts a s
2050 Farmway 3 : Public Edible Parkway 1 km ² Pilot Infill Established
U niv ers ity P r oj ect
5
4 Levels of Ground
Buildings
Roadways
Agriculture
Waterways
Barriers
Generators
Field Analysis
6
AVENUE BOULEVARD STREET ALLEY
Hierarchy in the Greenfield’s Canals + Levees
Floodplain
Avenue
Rice Paddy Parks Sunken
Off-set from Flood Plain Bus Rapid Transit + Regional Traffic
Stormwater
Boulevard
On Raised Levee Groundplane
FARMWAYS Local Car, Motor + Bicycle Traffic
Stormwater
Street
Stormwater
Alley
On Raised Levee Groundplane
On Raised Levee Groundplane
Marketways Motor, Bicycle + Pedestrian
Market + Civic Space Pedestrian
Canals & Roa ds
7
EXISTING
FARMWAYS
Infill development preserves floodplain between districts for flood protection. Livable density is achieved through FARMWAYS’ horiztonal connectivity + F.A.R. variability throughout the urban fabric.
Master Plan 1 km ²
Development F.A.R. Polyculture crops increase yield, health and biosecurity achieving ecological and cultural sustainability. Fruits, nuts, aquaponic vegetables, fish, chickens and pork diversify an unsustainalbe rice monoculture. Agriculture Waterway hierarchies are built from the canal system in the existing greenfield. Large avenue canals have wide floodplains while smaller city canals carry and filter stormwater. Waterways Roadway hierarchies are built from the levee system in the existing greenfield. Offset from floodplains, large avenues move Bus rapid Transit and regional traffic. Perpendicular Boulevards bisect FARMWAYS. 250m
500m
750m
1km
Roads
Feast on low-hanging fruits
FARMWAY Boulevards Markets + Civic Space Research Laboratories Food Processing
Floodplain Canal
Grow Balconies Roof Gardens Food Facades
Neighborhood Plan 10 hectares
Infill Potential
U r b an Fabric
8
9
Avenue Canals serve as Monsoon Floodplain
Winter
Dry + Cool 16 째C / 20 mm
Summer Wet + Hot 30 째C / 320 mm
Feast on low-hanging fruits
AQUACULTURE nutrients
CANAL conveyer
WETLANDS
WATER KEY vertical farm aquaculture nutrients
greywater blackwater
RICE FIELDS
COGENERATION PLANT
FISH PONDS
FRESH WATER
M o ns oon Flood P rotection
10
Architectural Porosity
Winter
SouthEasterly light breeze 44% of the Winter
7th story + up Passive Ventillation
Summer NorthEasterly light breeze 38% of the Summer SouthEasterly light breeze 34% of the Summer
Annual
South Easterly light breeze dominates
6th story + below Mechanical Ventillation
Feast on low-hanging fruits Fresh
Air
Barcelona 4.7
Paris 5.0
Existing
Unpopulated Greenfield
FARMWAYS
FARMWAYS
Parcel by Parcel
100,000 Population
Mumbai 2.0
Brooklyn 5.8
F.A.R. Density Precedents Hong Kong 5.6
1 km ²
FAR 13
3.6
0 m ²/pp 0 F.A.R.
20 m ²/pp 3-13 F.A.R.
20 m ²/pp 4MIL m ² built 5.3 F.A.R.
Liv ab le D e nsity
11
E 1 °N
W 26 °N
Summer Solstice
W 1 °N
Equinoctes E 25 °S
Sunset
Sunrise
E 26 °N
W 25 °S
Winter Solstice
Solar Noon
Hà Nội Coordinates Altitude
Located 21° north of the equator, Hà Nội’s neglible variation between summer’s shortest 11-hour day and winter’s 13-hour day along with high solar noon altitudes make Hà Nội a subtropical paradise within which a wide range of edible plant material thrive.
21.0409 N, 105.7991 E 25 m
Solar Azimuths Summer Equinox Winter
Sunrise
Sunset
E 26°N E 1°N E 25° S
W 26°N W 1°N W 25°S
Solar Noon
87° 70° 45°
Sunshine Hours Sunny
Cloudy
Night
4 hrs 6 hrs 5 hrs
7 hrs 6 hrs 8 hrs
11 hrs 12 hrs 13 hrs
Feast on low-hanging fruits
FARMWAYS optimize Hà Nội’s ample solar resources by prioritizing full sun situations for agricultural production and shadier areas for human programming,
Summer Solar Analysis
thereby providing bioclimaticly cool residential, civic and commercial spaces in Hà Nội’s humid subtropical climate. Crops are match to spaces provding their same sun requirements.
Winter Solar Analysis
Solar Optimiza tion
12
Solar Analysis
Frame Systems
Full Sun
Part Sun
Shade
Vegetation Aqaponics + F ood Forest
Water Canal Stormwater Fish Pond Irrigation
Circulation Famers + Scientists Public Park
Food Forest
Feast on low-hanging fruits
FOOD FOREST commercial
VERTICAL FARM commercial
VERTICAL GARDEN collective
BALCONY GARDEN individual
Food Research, Development, Processing + Distribution
CLIMB
HANG
EXTEND
SCREEN
SWIVEL
Aquaponic Panels
Loc alv or e Food Sy stem
13
1 m²
RICE
1.6 kg/m ²
Single Unit
1 km ²
1.6MIL kg/km ²
1 km²
Existing
Monoculture 1 km ²
1.6MIL
kg/km ²
City-Wide
750 km ²
1.2BIL
Hà Nội Infill
kg/750 km ²
Hà Nội today with planned transportation
750 km ² Planned Urbanization
750 km ² Displaced Agricultural: 1.2BIL kg of rice
FARMWAYS
Circular Polyculture
.87 km ²
44.8MIL kg/km ²
RICE
FRAME
1.6 kg/m ² 127,200 m ²
85 kg/m ² 500,000 m ²
205,000 kg/km ²
42MIL kg/km ²
FOOD FOREST 1.85 kg/m ² 127,000 m ²
320,000 kg/km ²
FISH PONDS
CHICKEN COOPS PIG STIES
21 kg/m ² 44,000 m ²
.75 kg/m ² 27,000 m ²
30 kg/m ² 44,000 m ²
21,000 kg/km ²
1.3MIL kg/km ²
925,000 kg/km ²
33.6BIL kg/750 km ²
FARMWAYS Hybrid Infill Model: 33.6BIL kg fruits, nuts, vegetables, fish, chicken + pork
x2 8 Yie ld I nf ill Model
14
Localvore Revolution
Livable Density
More Food
Process, buy + eat your food where it grows. Taste the freshest ingredients in street markets and cafés. Whether on your walk to work, a romantic evening ramble or weekend fishing with the kids, ascend into orchard canopies, pluck a mango, let the juice run down your chin and experience the wonder of Vertical Edible Parkways.
FARMWAYS’ urban infill paradigm forges a new connective tissue for high-density tropical living. Frames connect the urban fabric in contiguous green banded edible public parkways. Multistoried FARMWAYS provide an elevated urban experience while maintaing horiztonal connectivity.
Polyculture crops increase yield, health and biosecurity achieving ecological and cultural sustainability. Fruits, nuts, aquaponic vegetables, fish, chickens and pork diversify an unsustainalbe rice monoculture. Twenty-eight times more food, more flavors, more nutrition straight from your neighborhood FARMWAY.
Infill Model Urban Abundance
100,000 people 1 km ² 5.3 F.A.R. x28 increased yields
On par with international cities such as Paris + Hong Kong, FARMWAYS achieves a highly livable F.A.R. of 5.3.
Clean Energy
Green Collar Jobs
Fresh Air
Solar Optimization
Clean Water + Dry Buildings
n
blackwater polished water
methane + power
effl fflu uent
effl fflu uent
sludge
Using co-generation technology, chicken, pig and human waste is metabolized into methane, fueling 30% of the city’s energy. This circular energy source is first distributed to irrigation pumps in FARMWAY Frames, thereby recirculating the system’s own nutrients into power.
Leading agriculturist researchers and cutting-edge farmers are the urban engine of FARMWAYS’ pilot research city, adaptive to their best practice discoveries and innovations. Food processors, venders, chefs and waiters alike contribute to a thriving Green Collar Economy.
High walkability encourages clean foot traffic. Never more than 250m from a FARMWAY, commuters, shoppers and city explorers alike enjoy lush walks to and fro around the city. Architectural porosity harnesses passive ventillation in stories 7 and up. FARMWAYS are an urban biofilteration system, wherein plant biomass cleans airways + sequesters particulate matter.
FARMWAYS optimize Hà Nội’s ample solar resources by prioritizing full sun situations for agricultural production and shadier areas for human programming, providing bioclimaticly cool residential, civic and commercial spaces in Hà Nội’s humid subtropical climate. Crops are matched to spaces providing their same sun requirements.
Rice paddy terraces provide a wide floodplain along avenue canals. Terraces allow for seasonal programming adaptations throughout the year. Stroll through serene rice paddies in the dry season and fish in generous floodplains come monsoon. Street-lined wetlands intercept stormwater on its way to productive rice paddies and regional canal network.
E v e ry one Harvests U rb an P erf or mance
15
m
farm ays
m
farm ays Vertical Cities Asia 2013, Everyone Harvests, UC Berkeley, Team A