AMBASSADOR PRESENTATION Prevention and Early Detection SPEAKER NOTES
March 2013
Ambassador Presentation: Prevention and Early Detection
Overview of presentation
Intended audience
The Prevention and Early Detection presentation provides lay audiences with an overview of prostate specific health issues, including explanation of what and where the prostate gland is as well as health concerns such as prostatitis, enlarged prostate problems and prostate cancer. It also introduces the notion of prostate cancer testing (in the form of the Prostate Specific Antigen [PSA] blood test and Digital Rectal Examination [DRE]) and aims to demystify these procedures. The presentation also provides some basic information pertaining to prostate cancer grade and staging. An introduction to the services of Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia (PCFA) is outlined, directing people where to go for further information in the form of resources or supportive care services. A general overview of health prevention strategies concludes the presentation, outlining dietary, exercise and alcohol intake recommendations as directed by the Australian Government.
The Prevention and Early Detection presentation represents the standard presentation. It is suitable for any lay audience, members of which may or may not know about prostate cancer, have or have not been diagnosed with prostate cancer, or who may or may not know someone who has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. It is suitable for presentation to both men and women, and people of any age.
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Aim of presentation The aim of the Prevention and Early Detection presentation is to provide an overview of prostate issues and men’s health in general, and to inform the community about PCFA. The information provided is evidencebased and sourced.
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2. Why did you decide to become an Ambassador?
You should take a few minutes before you begin the ‘official’ presentation to introduce yourself to your audience. Try to keep your introduction to 2-3 minutes. Some questions that may help you focus your introduction 1. What aspect of your prostate cancer journey (or someone you know) do you think is important for the community to know? (Identify the main challenge and the main positive in this.)
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NO SLIDE – ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COUNTRY (OPTIONAL) An Acknowledgement of Country is a way of showing awareness of and respect for the traditional Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander owners of the land on which a meeting or event is being held, and of recognising the continuing connection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to their Country.
PROSTATE CANCER FOUNDATION OF AUSTRALIA RESPECTS AND ACKNOWLEDGES THE TRADITIONAL CUSTODIANS OF THE LAND, ELDERS PAST AND PRESENT, ON WHICH THIS MEETING TAKES PLACE.
Indigenous peoples and their Country. At a meeting, speech or formal occasion the speaker can begin their proceedings by offering an Acknowledgement of Country. Incorporating welcoming and acknowledgement protocols into official meetings and events recognises Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and custodians of their land. It promotes an awareness of the past and ongoing connection to place of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Acknowledgement of Country is recommended by federal and state government departments. Source: Reconciliation Australia http://reconciliation.org.au/home/resources/factshee ts/q-a-factsheets/welcome-to-andacknowledgement-of-country
An Acknowledgment of Country can be informal or formal and involves visitors acknowledging the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander owners of the land as well as the long and continuing relationship between
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All good presentations outline what topics will be covered and in what order they will be presented. This provides some direction and focus for the audience when they are listening to you present the information.
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PROSTATE CANCER MYTHS 3
Before starting your presentation it is a good idea to assess your audience’s knowledge. One way of doing this is through a series of true/false questions. This also helps to engage the audience in the information you will be presenting. Here are 10 myths about prostate cancer that you can use. Choose 3-4. 1. Prostate Cancer is common, but few men actually die from it (true or false?) Around 9 men die each day of Prostate Cancer in Australia. The good news, however, is that if detected early, more choices are available for any treatments you may need. 2. Prostate cancer is an old man’s disease (true or false?) While it is true that prostate cancer is more common with increasing age, it can be found in men of all ages. Prostate cancer is increasingly being diagnosed in men under the age of 40. Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
3. If you don’t have any symptoms, then you don’t have prostate cancer (true or false?) Today, because of the availability of the blood test (Prostate Specific Antigen or PSA test), and physical examination (Digital Rectal Examination) many men are diagnosed with prostate issues some of which are cancer before they have had any symptoms. Urinary symptoms like hesitancy, frequency, or dribbling are important and could mean a problem with your prostate. However, not having these symptoms does not rule out prostate cancer. 4. If prostate cancer doesn’t run in my family, I won’t get it (true or false?) While a family history of prostate cancer doubles a man’s odds of being diagnosed, the fact remains that 1 out of 7 Australian men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer by age 75, and 1 in 4 by age 85. 5. The Prostate Specific Antigen blood (PSA) test is a cancer test (true or false?) The PSA tests measures levels of prostate-specific antigen in the bloodstream; it highlights many health issues related to the prostate.
PSA is increased in the bloodstream in response to a number of problems which could be present in the prostate including an inflammation or infection (prostatitis), enlargement of the prostate gland (benign prostatic hyperplasia) or, possibly, cancer.
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6. A high PSA level means that you have prostate cancer and a low PSA means you don’t (true or false?) Although prostate cancer is a common cause of elevated PSA levels, some men with prostate cancer may even have low levels of PSA. Factors such as being overweight can impact on levels. Again, elevated levels can be an indication of other medical conditions. 7. Vasectomies cause prostate cancer (true or false?) Having a vasectomy was once thought to increase a man’s risk, but recent research suggests that this is NOT the case. Vasectomy may however lead to a man getting his prostate checked more often and prostate cancer is subsequently detected more often in men who have had vasectomies. 8. Do all prostate cancers need to be aggressively treated (true or false?) In a large European study up to 42% of the cancers detected were low volume, low risk cancers suitable for surveillance.
and limit incontinence following treatment and nerve sparing surgical procedures have improved outcomes for patients as well. 10. Sexual activity increases the risk of developing prostate cancer (true or false?) High levels of sexual activity or frequent ejaculation were once rumoured to increase prostate cancer risk. In fact, some studies show that men who reported more frequent ejaculations had a lower risk of developing prostate cancer. Ejaculation itself has not been linked to prostate cancer. 11. You can pass your cancer to others (true or false?) Prostate cancer is not infectious or communicable. This means that there is no way for you to “pass it on” to someone else. Sources: Prostate Cancer Foundation http://www.pcf.org/site/c.leJRIROrEpH/b.7425707/k. 7A02/10_Myths_and_Misconceptions_About_Prost ate_Cancer.htm About.com http://prostatecancer.about.com/od/prostatecancer1 01/a/toptenmyths.htm
9. Treatment for prostate cancer causes impotence or incontinence (true or false?) While erectile dysfunction (ED) and urinary incontinence are possibilities following surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancer, it is not true that all men experience complications. These side effects can also be highly dependent on age and physical condition. Numerous therapies and aids can improve erectile function Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
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PCFA formed in 1996 and has grown into the peak National body for prostate cancer in Australia. It is a registered charity. PCFA’s aim is to reduce the impact of prostate cancer on Australian men, their partners, families, friends and the wider community. PCFA does this through: Promoting and funding research: In partnership with Movember between 2007 2012 the research program has awarded more than $30 million to over 135 research projects across Australia Implementing awareness campaigns and educational programs, like the Ambassador Program. The aim of this program is to get men talking about their health, to become aware of signs that something Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
may be wrong, and to encourage everyone to seek medical advice sooner rather than later Supporting men and their families through: information resources (such as factsheets, brochures, books and DVDs): support group networks (there are around 130 prostate cancer support groups around Australia and this number is constantly growing): and through the Prostate Cancer Specialist Nurses program (currently there are 14 hospitals involved in this program). Source: PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
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It is shaped like a doughnut and it surrounds the beginning of the urethra. Urine passes through the urethra on its way from the bladder to the penis. The nerves that control erections surround the prostate.
The prostate is one of the organs forming part of the male reproductive system. All male babies have a prostate. The prostate is not removed even if a person has a sex change operation.
The growth of the prostate relies on testosterone (male sex hormone) If the prostate grows too large, it can slow or stop the flow of urine. As the prostate is located near the back passage (the rectum) growth of the prostate can be checked by a rectal examination. Source: PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
The prostate is located immediately below the bladder and just in front of the bowel. Its main function is to produce fluid which protects and enriches sperm. It secretes a slightly acidic fluid, milky or white in appearance that usually constitutes 20–30% of the volume of the semen along with sperm and seminal vesicle fluid. A healthy human prostate is classically said to be slightly larger than a walnut. The mean weight of the "normal" prostate in adult males is about 11 grams, usually ranging between 7 and 16 grams. Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
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Prostatitis Prostatitis is a condition that involves infection in the prostate and sometimes the area around it. There are several types of prostatitis, each with a range of symptoms. Some men with the disease will experience severe pain and others will not be bothered; and the rest fall in between the two. However, the symptoms of the disease may have a significant impact on a man’s quality of life. Prostatitis can affect men at any age and it is thought that 1 in every 6 men may experience this disorder at some stage during their lives. [1]
Sources: 1. Blandy, J (1998), “Urology” 5th Edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) or Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE) Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. BPH generally begins in a man's 30s, develops slowly, and most commonly only causes symptoms after 50. Though the prostate continues to grow during most of a man's life, the enlargement doesn't usually cause problems until late in life. BPH rarely causes symptoms before age 40, but more than half of men in their sixties and as many as 90% in their 70s and 80s have some symptoms of BPH. In BPH, the prostate gland grows in size. It may compress the urethra which goes through the centre of the prostate. This can impede the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra to the outside. It can cause urine to back up in the bladder (retention) leading to the need to urinate frequently during the day and night. Other common symptoms include a slow flow of urine, the need to urinate urgently and difficulty starting the urinary stream. More serious problems include urinary tract infections and complete blockage of the urethra, which may be a medical emergency and can lead injury to the kidneys Sources: Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand http://www.usanz.org.au/benign-prostatichyperplasia-bph/
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Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are storage, voiding and post urination symptoms affecting the lower urinary tract. LUTS can significantly reduce men's quality of life, and may point to other problems associated with the urogenital tract.[1] Symptoms are often nonspecific and large studies of patients have failed to show any correlation between LUTS and a specific diagnosis.[2] LUTS are common and not necessarily a reason for suspecting prostate cancer. LUTS are particularly common in older men. It has been reported that 90% of men aged 50 to 80 years suffer from potentially troublesome LUTS.[1] Older men have a higher incidence of LUTS than older women.[4]
than in a normal prostate, forming a malignant (cancerous) tumour. Most prostate cancers grow slower than other types of cancer. Early (or localised) prostate cancer means cancer cells have grown, but they have not spread beyond the prostate. Some prostate cancers may spread to other parts of the body, such as the bones and lymph nodes. This is called advanced prostate cancer. Sources: Cancer Council NSW http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/Understanding-ProstateCancer-low-res.pdf PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
Sources: 1. Lower urinary tract symptoms, NICE Clinical Guideline (May 2010); The management of lower urinary tract symptoms in men 2. Abrams P; New words for old: lower urinary tract symptoms for "prostatism". BMJ. 1994 Apr 9;308(6934):929-30. 4. Boyle P, Robertson C, Mazzetta C, et al; The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in men and women in four centres. The UrEpik study. BJU Int. 2003 Sep;92(4):409-14. [abstract]
Prostate cancer Prostate cancer develops when the cells in the prostate gland grow and lose their normal control mechanisms
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It is important to note that these symptoms are more commonly associated with benign prostate conditions and are rarely associated with prostate cancer. They can be symptoms of other common and non-life threatening prostate disorders. Men who experience these symptoms should see their doctor immediately, to determine the cause and best treatment. Source: Cancer Council Victoria www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au Fact Sheet Prostate cancer
Men may experience some, all or none: • Waking frequently at night to urinate • Sudden or urgent need to urinate • Difficulty in starting to urinate, slow flow of urine and/or difficulty in stopping • Discomfort when urinating • Painful ejaculation • Blood in the urine or semen • Decrease in libido (sex urge) • Reduced ability to get an erection
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Ambassador Presentation: Prevention and Early Detection
SLIDE 8 PCFA Ambassador Program Prevention & Early Detection in Prostate Cancer
What is Prostate Cancer? • Occurs when prostate cells grow out of control • Prostate cancer cells can remain contained in the prostate or move out of the prostate • Metastasis is when cancer cells move out into the body • Prostate cancer can often be treated if identified early
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Prostate cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the prostate that form a lump (tumour). Most prostate cancers grow slower than other types of cancer. Early (or localised) prostate cancer means cancer cells have grown, but they have not spread beyond the prostate. Prostate cancer cells – if not detected - may break out of the prostate and invade distant parts of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes, producing secondary tumours, a process known as metastasis. This is advanced prostate cancer. Sources: Cancer Council NSW http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/Understanding-ProstateCancer-low-res.pdf PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
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For patients who have localised disease, around 93% will live beyond five years. In the decade 2001-2011 around 7.75 million men underwent a PSA test Sources: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). ACIM (Australian Cancer Incidence and Mortality) Books. AIHW: Canberra. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012. Cancer incidence projections: Australia, 2011 to 2020. Cancer Series no. 66. Cat. No. CAN 62. Canberra: AIHW.
1 in 7 men will be diagnosed by age 75. 1 in 4 men will be diagnosed by age 85. Prostate cancer is the most common solid organ cancer in males – around 57 men are diagnosed each day (that’s more than 20,000 each year). Prostate cancer is the most prevalent of any solid organ cancer type (more prevalent than breast cancer in women). Prevalence means that in the past 5 years, more men have been diagnosed with prostate cancer than any other cancer (across men and women). Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in Australian men – around 9 men die each day from the disease Around 85% of all men diagnosed will be alive 5 years after diagnosis.
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activities in general practice, page 71, 2012) A man needs to consider the benefits, risks and uncertainties of testing as well as your own risk from the disease. If you feel comfortable – you could share your own experiences here. The following questions may help. Why did or didn’t you get tested?
There are many reasons why some do not ask their doctor to do a prostate check: social pressures, embarrassment, fear. In general, men visit doctors less than women and when they do go, they tend to spend less time in consultations. Some men do not know anything about the prostate (or that they have a prostate) and not all GPs talk to men about the prostate nor suggest routine screening. The position of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) is; ‘if men ask about
What forced you to finally get tested?
What have other men told you about why/why they don’t get tested?
What advice have you given others about getting tested?
prostate screening they need to be fully informed of the potential benefits, risks and uncertainties of prostate cancer testing. When a patient chooses screening both PSA and DRE should be performed,’ (RACGP Guidelines for preventive Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
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Some men after speaking with their GP take the decision not to be tested for prostate cancer. There are many reasons for this: About 24-26% of PSA tests give a false positive result.1 The most effective way of diagnosing prostate cancer is through a biopsy where cells from the prostate are removed for pathology testing. A biopsy is an invasive surgical procedure. Some men are concerned about potential side effects
from the biopsy such as bleeding or infection. Prostate cancer testing does not identify all cancers meaning that some significant cancers may be missed. Non-aggressive cancers may be treated unnecessarily, resulting in side effects that impact on a man’s quality of life –such as sexual issues and incontinence. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) recommends against population based screening for prostate cancer. However many GPs provide the test.
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Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, et al; ERSPC Investigators. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1320-8. [PMID: 19297566] Cited by Virginia A. Moyer, MD, MPH; and on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force “Screening
for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement” _ Ann Intern Med. 22 May 2012
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It is recommended that men aged 50 and over should talk to their doctor about prostate cancer. Your GP will be able to advise you on whether or not you should be tested. If you do decide to get tested, then you should do so annually. If there is a family history of prostate cancer; men should talk to their doctor from the age of 40. A man with a first-degree relative who has been diagnosed with prostate cancer (brother or father) has at least three times the risk of developing prostate cancer.
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The risk of prostate cancer rises with age. Family history increases the chances of developing the disease. Men with a first-degree relative with prostate cancer are three times as likely to develop the disease. Men of African descent are at higher risk than men of European descent. Sources: Cancer Council Australia http://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/types-ofcancer/prostate-cancer.html
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Where the PSA is less than 10, the cancer is likely to be confined to the prostate. If the PSA is above 30, it is very likely the cancer has spread beyond the prostate and is therefore less likely to be curable. If your test reveals an elevated PSA, once or on several occasions your doctor may recommend the test be repeated to establish the rate of change, if any, before recommending a biopsy.
Prostate Specific Antigen Blood Test (PSA) This blood test is not just a test for prostate cancer. It may indicate some form of prostatic disease or enlargement (Prostatitis/ Benign Prostate Hyperplasia BPH) The PSA blood test looks for the presence (in the blood) of a protein that is produced specifically by prostate cells. The presence of an elevated PSA does not necessarily mean prostate cancer is present as there are other medical conditions that can lead to a PSA result outside the normal range. The result of a PSA test needs expert evaluation by an experienced doctor. As a general rule, the higher the PSA result the greater the chance that prostate cancer is present. Where cancer is present, the PSA can predict the volume of disease.
Source: PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
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The Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) – a Physical Examination The DRE is a physical examination that lets a doctor feel part of the surface of the prostate. Irregularities include swelling or hardening of the prostate, or lumps on the surface which may indicate development of a tumour, or other problems. The drawback to this test is that the doctor can feel only part of the prostate, so it may miss irregularities beyond reach. Recent studies conducted by PCFA found that 94% of men found the procedure to be painless (less than 6% of men who had had a DRE found the procedure painful or embarrassing). P a g e | 18
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A combination of both the PSA blood test and the physical examination is recommended. These tests should be considered as part of a general male health check annually from 50 years of age or 40 if there is a family history of prostate cancer. You might like to share part of your story here. What was your experience with these tests?
What have other men told you about their experiences?
Source: PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
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1. type 2. grade and 3. stage If cancer is detected further assessments may be made. These may include bone scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)s or Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Source: PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
If your PSA test and/or physical exam come back as abnormal, you may be referred to an urologist. Urology is a medical speciality that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and the reproductive system in males. The urologist may want to do a biopsy. A biopsy is when small samples of prostate tissue are taken and then examined under a microscope by a pathologist to see if cancer cells are present. Possible Outcomes 1. No cancer is found and patient is reassured. 2. Trivial or a non - lifethreatening cancer may be found. Surveillance may be suitable. 3. Significant cancer is found which could cause harm if not treated. If it is cancerous, a biopsy gives information about the: Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
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T1 and T2 tumours are classified as localised prostate cancers. T3 and T4 tumours mean that the cancer has spread beyond the prostate gland into the surrounding tissues. They are known as locally-advanced prostate cancer. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body this is known as metastatic, secondary, or advanced prostate cancer.
If it is cancer, there will be a number of different options available. These options depend on: the type, stage and grade of prostate cancer diagnosed.
Sources: Macmillan Cancer Support http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Can certypes/Prostate/Symptomsdiagnosis/Gradingstagi ng.aspx
Cancer grade - The grade gives an idea of how quickly the cancer may develop. There are several grading systems, but the Gleason system is the most commonly used. Low-grade cancers are usually slow-growing and less likely to spread. High-grade tumours are likely to grow more quickly and are more likely to spread. Cancer stage – Stage is a term used to describe its size and whether it has spread beyond its original area of the body. Again there are different types of staging scales, but generally they go from T1 – T4.
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Prostate Cancer Specialist Nurse is an experienced registered nurse who has received additional training to make them an expert nurse in prostate cancer care. Prostate Specialist nurses will help men and their families navigate the prostate cancer journey, providing information and coordinating care. If you have used any of PCFAs resources or services you might like to share your experiences here
PCFA has a range of information available – from factsheets, to brochures to books and DVDs. If you would like more information, please go to the website or call the Freecall number. In addition, PCFA has a number of affiliated support groups across Australia. These are held face-to-face or sometimes over the phone. The support groups are a great way to meet other people who are in a similar situation. Some groups have guest speakers on a range of different topics, some groups are social – most groups are a combination of these two things.
Source: PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
PCFA also supports Prostate Specialist Nurses - There are lots of nurses throughout Australia working in a variety of jobs helping those affected by prostate cancer. A Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
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Visit the PCFA website and click on the Support Groups tab along the upper row of options. Alternatively, call 1800 220 099 or email enquiries@pcfa.org.au
Eat a balanced diet Having a balanced, adequate and varied diet is an important step towards a happy and healthy lifestyle. Vitamins and minerals in the diet are vital to boost immunity and healthy development. A healthy diet can protect the human body against certain types of diseases, in particular non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer and skeletal conditions. Healthy diets can also contribute to an adequate body weight. The benefits of eating a wide variety of foods are also emotional, as variety and colour are important ingredients of a balance diet [1]
If you have been to a support group you could include your experience here. What is it like? What do you do there? What do you get from it?
The Australian Dietary Guidelines (2013)[2] are: Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods
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• Eat plenty of vegetables, legumes/beans • Eat fruits • Eat plenty of grains (cereals) that are wholegrain and high fibre (including breads, cereals, rice, pasta, noodles, polenta. couscous, oats, quinoa, barley), preferably wholegrain • Include lean meat and poultry, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts, seeds, and legumes/beans • Include milks, yoghurts, cheeses and/or alternatives reduced-fat varieties should be chosen, where possible • Drink plenty of water
And limit
• Limit saturated fat and moderate total fat intake • Choose foods low in salt • Limit your alcohol intake if you choose to drink • Limit foods containing sugar • Replace high fat sources with poly-unsaturated and monosaturated such as oils, spreads, nut butters/pastes and avocado. Sources: 1. World Health Organisation http://www.euro.who.int/en/what-we-do/healthtopics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthylifestyle/benefits-of-a-balanced-diet 2. National Health and Medical Research Council http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publicatio ns/n55
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The Australian guidelines [1] refer to the minimum levels of physical activity required for good health. The guidelines are based on the most current and best available scientific research and evidence. Think of movement as an opportunity, not an inconvenience. Be active every day in as many ways as you can. Put together at least 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days. If you can, also enjoy some regular, vigorous exercise for extra health and fitness. Limit alcohol consumption New national guidelines for alcohol consumption have been developed by the National Health and Medical Research Council [2] to help you reduce your risk of harm from alcohol. The guidelines are based on the most current and best available scientific research and evidence. For healthy men and women, drinking no more than two standard drinks on any day reduces your risk of harm from alcohol-related disease or injury over a lifetime. P a g e | 24
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 Drinking no more than four standard drinks on a single occasion reduces the risk of alcohol-related injury arising from that occasion. Look after your Mental and Emotional Wellbeing Mental Health is a state of wellbeing. It is the way we see ourselves, feel about ourselves and the world around us. It refers to our emotional, psychological, physical and spiritual being. Sources: 1. Department of Health and Ageing http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.n sf/content/BC3101B1FF200CA4CA256F970015495 8/$File/adults_phys.pdf 2. National Health and Medical Research Council http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/ attachments/ds10-alcohol.pdf
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best opportunity to determine the presence of cancer. PCFA policy on testing for prostate cancer is based on the unique experiences and observations provided by many thousands of Australians directly affected by prostate cancer. It is advised by foremost experts from the medical and scientific community and expert representatives of those sectors have participated in the formulation of this PCFA Policy:
Speaking with your GP about prostate cancer is the first step in your own health promotion. Summary Prostate problems are common, especially amongst older men. Many prostate problems are not cancer. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Prostate cancer is often a slow growing cancer.
PCFA Policy on Prostate Specific Antigen Blood Test and the physical examination (Digital Rectal Examination or DRE) Early detection is the key to enabling better outcomes and potential cure of prostate cancer. Accordingly, PCFA recommends that men at 50 with no family history of prostate cancer, and men at 40 with a family history, should talk to their family doctor about voluntary annual assessments in the form of a Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test together with a Digital Rectal Examination (DRE).
PCFA’s position: Caught in its early stages prostate cancer can be controlled especially when the cancer is still confined within the prostate gland. Testing through a blood test - the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) or DRE (digital rectal examination) offers the Prevention and Early Detection 03_2013
Source: PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
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PCFA is a registered charity organisation and as such relies on donations from the community and corporate sector, and from fundraising events such as the Big Aussie Barbie and funding from Movember. There are several ways you can become involved: Become a supporter Make a donation Hold your own fundraiser Source: PCFA http://www.prostate.org.au
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SLIDE 23 Questions and comments from the audience
PCFA Ambassador Program Prevention & Early Detection in Prostate Cancer
Other Resources beyondblue: the national depression initiative beyondblue.org.au 1300 22 4636 Healthshare Australia’s interactive health network healthshare.com.au Continence Foundation of Australia continence.org.au 1800 33 00 66 MindHealthConnect mindhealthconnect.org.au This Way Up, online treatment, education and research in anxiety and depression thiswayup.org.au The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating health.gov.au Andrology Australia andrologyaustralia.org Urological Society of Australia & New Zealand usanz.org.au Š PCFA 2013
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