1899-1900 State Normal School Messenger issues1-9

HISTORICAL SK ETCH OF THE STATE NORMAL SCH OOL ALUMNI.

11 Mode rn History ,"-F ro m 1894 to 1898 u_ ,. Hliz nh et h 1! Rrntt. '.9 5.

IF the Anci_c nt a nd lli st o ri : lll :-; ha ,-e ht ;: Jcgc cl d fo un t1 • 11 11 pn•gna hi e cn ;: tl cs .·· : tll ow you1· i\ lo dc nl H is lo r ia n to s Late that she too h :t !' donc hc1· :-; h an.• of s torming, l ntl it \\' i ll no t clo to menti on th e nu mber of \\' C:t1·y d ay:-; nnd hour :-; ;: pent in \\':It c hi ng fo1· I·cp ort :-; t lw t ha ve ncnT an·iyecJ

On e thoug ht , ho wc,·t·J·, so nl ewh at of a eom fo 1·t, a nd th:tt is that Anci e nt and Medieval Hi stor ian s a1-c supposed , from the VI.TY of their wo d -:, to he in dus tr iou s, di \'eJ ·s afte1· 1·nre bits of antiqu i ty , cl ipp in g into " sc qu es tt•n·d p oo ls of obso lete li tt' I- : Jlun:-," loo k i•1 g in to mnu ld <.-ri ng co ver s, tun1 ing p ages of o lcl rct: or cl s in !wing in g for go tt en clcccl s to ligh t. but aho \·c all the I't•co i·d mu st he st ri ctly fa ctnc, t so with the Mork-1'11 Hi st orian Wi th her it is a ll owable to rec01·rl any thin g th at may be of inter es t, nne! to ot hen: belon gs thc wo rk ofs cp11 I' Htin g the wheat from thc ch aff'.

In m ak in g thi s 1·cpo rl ns hi;:to ri:t n for () llr :Vl odcrn s CV (' I1 \\' hen· 110 di r ec t 1·e po rt h:ts b cc n l't'Ct i\'t·d. an cl a sp l.'c i al g rud ge mi).! ht h t· held O th e ll o:-: I·c•qut·s t h:1s h <.'l' ll fn l !o \\' ecl:-

·'I pr;ty you. in your ktt tr, \\'h en you sh:t ll these d eeds

S pl' ak of me ::ts I am ; no th ing cx t en ua tt-, .!'<o r set d o\\' n aught in m ali ce

CL.\ S:o; OF '94-

N<.·tt ie A. Aksnm it is do in g hc1· wo 1-k in n gr ad ed sc hool this year. as teach er of 1 he in tc rm c cli nte clcp a rtm en t at Cl ark so n, Neb rask 11 , a nd she r cq u es ls th at he 1- su cce ss as a be o mi tted fo,- the present. S in ce ' 94 mo st of her ti me ha s bee n spent in Do ane Co ll ege , gntdu at in g last yea !". Dur ing se ,·cn m on ths of he1· se nio 1· \'t':lr she tnught a cl i st 1·iet sc h oo l near C n·te , Nebm slw.

Ed ith L. Bic k fo rd see ms to ha ve l' ent no ,,·o re!, direc tly 01· indirect ly, to h er t'l n ss111 at cs fo1· s ome tim e. Ten le tters to members of her cla ss hav e fa iled to lo ca te her.

A nn a B. Bo rs t. 8 24 , N. 22 S t., South Oma ha, Ne ht·ask a, says; "M y work s in ce ·94 h as bee n th at of a school ma'am, t h1-c e ye ars in Aubu rn , : tnd this ,-en,· in So uth Omah n."

I[ ._. ,. wo 1·k du1 in g· the \\' ho le ti me has bee n th at of a fir st p1·im :u ·y teacher . a nd she sa"" " It is the be st of a 11 the g md eshigh s l'honl in clurll' d ."

\'in a M. Ca nc m ( .\1 r s. Th os . F. I IIJIJ I,... .

Pe ru. htr hi :<to n· with hc t· h u s ha i1 cl ·s.

Crn ec IJ. Cu lbe rt so n lw :-. sL·nt 11 :-. no n·po rt t hi s ye;u·, but we lnt\'t• ht·a rd :-: IH· s pen d in g th e y ea r aL her home in l'cn 1.

Sh e tau g ht for tw o \' C:trs in th e· ln st it lltt· for th e l>c rt r and ))II ;nit "t Om :t h ; t, II l'f' wot·k there wa s co nfin ed wh o ll\' to th e aural ancl o rn l de par tmen t. wi 1ere th e• children :t rc taught to spc nk a nd n·:•cllip s.

Durin g a \'is it :t t the In st itu te, :\e\\' Ye ars ''1 8 1 1 · c · • • • 1cr c a ss s•gtH:d " :-.l c:t n·r :\ I,. Gn d t () Th t·t.' ' a nd tht· Lo n!' :--: l' ra \'l r. \\ _-c wcrc told tha t t ht· wo rl < thL-rc \\' : ts i11 tet·th'· ell t-ltl - 1 -h · 1 <->• ten >ng t, :t l' ll ve :t nc ellcrg et ic a nd to kn ow th c·m w as to IO \' l' th em an d lw it1 t• · -1 1 · 1 · <: sts thtm <:< 111 \\' 1:1 tl '\'t· r llr ter-

_Lulu Entns h:ts not b ee n lo"rtl cd ll\ - the ht sto rian \' <: l S 1 . I . · . · · omc o l 1e d:t ss g. \' c hc t· :-.ddrcs!': as p· tl N 1 k _ • c rr 1• c 1ras ' H; <1thers s: l\' ;.: he ts te-ac h ing at Chadron. A numb er oi· lette r s. I>O t ·tls cit·. I I · • · • cu ar·s. Cl c., 1n \'l' l> t<..·n s en t anrf wh t·n l' ll o-1Oll _, 1 :\ 1'1'1\'e Wl' hope tlrt'\' \\'ill n sc up in an r) dem a nd an :t ns \\:l'f' ut· l h c- i r ft·ccclom

'W ill a U p· 1 _ .. · •s 1tt, 1 : timan-c. :'\chn ts ka. wnt c!':· ''M 1 t-1. - · Y wor < ha s h c-tn th at of :t pu htc se rvant t h' . -' cac •ng etg hth to tc nth gt·acle ;.: 111 the Burr I I sc 100 s one \' C :11·, and past thrt·c \'C :trs in ·1 , ']', , ' . · . t l<: ,tlm .t gc puhh c se hoo l;; wt th filth s ixth . I . · · · cl nr s eventh g ra rk wo .-lc r lr kt' 111 \' sc h oo l . -)-. - "Ot' here, o ft en r cv ts tt th e .\ n rma l durin g _ _ m_v vacati on s. and a lwctys t·ece t,·c new id ea s :Inc) t·a g<.:mt·nt lo t· my wo .-1\.

:\m el ia G ill ilan' s :tdd r "-.;s1 . L' tl \ • · ;.: ,..,0 11 1 I II· h nrn .\ eh nt;.: k a. a nd ht r f: l· r. <: n< s ma" fed sun· t hat ll'tt crs s crol her tl1c _ . 11 1 · ll' "'' JC rcCCI I' crl, ln tt the hi sto rian r eg re ts sht ca nn ot ft·om cxpt ri encc thnt thcy will be ans wcrc r/. •

l.\1iss G ill il rtn h as th l· c·ight h gt·arl c \\'fll'k in th e \ullltrn

Judah fl owr•rd r efu ses to l et us kno \\' he•· wh e•·c;tlJ qu ts or n nyt h ing -:c m ce rni ng het· \\' o .-1.:. .\ f any •n emh l' rs of t hi s s te• n

to ' "' ""' an d pr:t l.' tin: thl' p nl\'l·t·h. ".\ wi '<

111 an :-.p:t n·t lt It i ,.. "'', n b .J \11 hu rn, cl cnltl'd

the l \\'() yc :l "' " r ll n\\' i ng g rndu a ti on h)

tt :"·cl and " Jl lTi: tl S he tn ug ht

pt·im:try :tt t h<.: sdt un l

\'l'l ll' of '! )( ) .' ! J/, : tn d for tw n t lt l' :-. :Ifil l' gr:tck in l lt l· ,\ nt io H: h :;cholul ;,l

Shl· · I l': lll no t hl•lp hut

h•: tlw nk f ul th :1t I h: l\'l' :<p<:nt the :<C tim.'\.' ,·ea t·s t eac hin g-nt· •·:o th l.·r lt·a rn in )! wit h th e l ittl o.: om·s. f'n t· it h :1 s hr o: tckncd nnd cl ee p<:nc rl my Iii (: :1s n oth i ng d scco ul d hn\'<' cl nn t· I : ttt ri iHtt l' 111 ,. lo tht· th orn ugh u ·:t ining \\'l' h: td : tt the .\o nn a l. " \I ()J i , .o.: .I n ll t':< u :< the fo li o in ter c:<L ing ktlo.:r fr om

• Th e fir st yen•· :JI't l·t· fini :< hi ng tn y at sc ho o l. I in n :-:ch oo l in \' ot·k Co un ty .· \•ly sch oo l w a:-: :-: m all an cl 111 ,. \\'ot-1\ li glll. and I f: lll l' ied

Leach i;, g' t Jl lTSO il i fic a ti on o f'

The rude n w:tk<: nin g c :t11t e ho \\T\'lT. i\<1 v ,,·ot·k Lh c: t·c m os tl y with p rimary an-d in Len11ediato.: ch il dr c:n, and l decid ed th:Jt h cn c efo nh I \\'o ul d tC:t <:h only in prim: trv gt-: td u•. pt o, id!ng p ri 111 ary work he fintJHI. Luckily th l· sn id work :l p)>l' rll-cd thl· next su mtner wh en I was d cc t<:d to th l· po s itiOJ1 nf prim ·t ry t<.::t eht•r nt Ra\' e nn a. Nc b•·:tsk:t. Thi s pl n<.:l' I h nn· held ev<:r s in e <..' M ,. work has been hart! and so me tc\\' disc ou nJgcnt cnts npp ca rc d. lmt o\ cr·loo kin g the m l ha, ·c tri ed to do my hc sL l ha,-c em ·olle cl bct wct·n ei gh ty a nclnin ely each yea r wi t lt fir st, R 'l.'on d an d t hir-d g ra tl c wot·k Lo acco mplish. I think I m ay jud ge my se lf a l lea st pn rti nl h· su cce ss ful. \Ne ha,·e in nu t· ;c h oo ls to raise the :-.t: t ndanl of nttc n dtllh't' nnd punc tua li ty . l mn st say we hn, •e Sil l' · ce edcd b eyo nd my \\'ildc st dre ams. i\1 .: aver age pe t· ec: nt o f' nttc nd ancc b as nut _go ne below tl -1· a ny yen•· i\'ly tardy mnr ks arc rc ma.-l u1 bl c on ly for their lhc fi1·st 'c ar th i r·tccn. ;.:cco nd yt•n r three and t hi s la st yc- : 11· not qu ilt' so we ll. fc>tll·, h11 l \\'l' hope fo r het tn

in tht· fu t ur t· ()Ji n: J in the wo rk.

1-.:atharim· \ '. L angt·t· wh il...· editor of t ht· Xo rmnl Com·it·r 11 0 rlouht g:t \'t' all tht· hits of info nn:lli on s in: tn fm· two \\'l' h:I\T n 't 111 t'\' t'll heggin,!! a fi.·"· li nt·s fnlllt Itt'!' pen Fr om a dn:::s mau.: \\' t• k:tnt th:t t i:< pr in t·ip al at J) o cl ,:..: c.

Annn :\ I cCoy no n·pon Tht· k·ttcn• to \\' : tlt oo. :\ clt r :t:<k:t. h:t\' t· not been r ctu nt ecl.

Bell e :\lillet·. Sem:c: t. in her rtport th at fo ur _n ·a t·s gr:td u :nin g h a,·c· h t•t· n spe nt in the :<t·IHll)l-nH>tlt. She· is now teac hing th e print<tt·y dqwnmtnt of tht• Se n eca sc ho ols. :\ Iill a say s, "In K ansas the :\onn:tl gracln:llt':< arc s oug ht a ft et·. "

Sus an \V . :\ot·ton, \\':tn-eu ::: buq.:- , :\ l isso uri, e nt er ed \' : tss at· College the of '!H. g raclun ting there last ::-:p rin g. S he is empl oye d t hi s _n·ar· as assis t aut pr·inc ip:tl o fthc publi c schoo ls : tt Wan-cnshurg. Mi ssour i.

Lucy J. 1\• uu y. As hl and, :-\chntska, se nt no rcp ot·t to ' '!<\\'l.'ll this st·a n ty r·ill of tho ug ht.·'

(J errrudc Rnh l'l'ts (Mrs. Hanttllin g. Adington. :\('hntsk:t) is nnother· of the s il c· nt o m·s- not l.'\'<.'11 giv in g us h et· new 11:lllll' . \\' e rcmc mh<:r · she h:td :t position in the sc hoo ls at Blair· bcfo t·c gntcluntin g. hut cannot tell how long it was bcfon.· Cupid fired the dart which p ierce d h er and she too k a sc h ool •Jf one.

Adelia M. Slack married \'ct·y soo n :tftcr g radu a tiu g, to some one in Ca lifo t·ma. Fiftee n letters to cl[lssm a tes ha ,-c fa il ed in findin g n more sat isfactory name a nd adclt-css th an M t·s. , New Cast le. Ca lifo rni a.

1\:an:<a::.: City :1:-:"' i:<ting ht.T nt tim es wi th hi:< wot·k C. ( i\lrs. l'ni nn. :\d H·as lw l has no t to tlur tn any r CCJilt.' sts for a few line:-: . She the tirst ye: 11· n t·nt· :\lu!T:ty. :\chntsk: t. Tht• nl'XL ,·<·at· Pt' two at l'nion. rt nd tlwn m:tni t·d sotm·otH..' Ji,·i ngat that pl :tee.

IHil likt· of our nov el hou:-:tkeCJll' t·:-: of thi:-: d: ts:<. :-:he :-:t'l'lll:< tn he so hll:<\' -

--naking. >' t t·wing-. :n 1cl hr<·w in g. in :.: fry and hoi ling. dusting :Jnd clca niu _:.:. \\" a:-\ hing-. and it·un ing. Ripping. tuming a nd llll'llding. C11tti ng. h:Jsti ng ant! ,.;t itdlill,l!. ''

th:tt thl'rc ha:<n't bee n time tn !'Cnd anY

W<l t 'd

Edit h \ 'a n:\Iirl cl li.:swort h h: ts n ot H·nt any claw fot• this ann it Ul:l_\' not ht• exact ly co rr t'l'l.

Th <: yeat· fo ll ow ing g radtiation she did so me po:-:t -grndnatc work n t th e No rm al nnd :t!<!<istl'd h1.•r uncle. Pre!:'. in the o ffict·. and also in the LilH·ary The year '85 -n she nssist l'd :\I iss Hc rr·ig- in t he pm ctice :-: elwol. She ta ught at Howe ll.t 11·ing the yca t· and s ine<: September '97 · h ns h ee n tta c hin g rt t P ende r. l\chraslw.

Ge rt nllle \Varrcn, Xchntska Cit\·. l\chr aslw h :ts taught in the Cit_v s inee 'H 4-.

Wi lli am L. DnY c npor t, aftct· a " ·ot·k in t he sc h ools of Ne m ah a, ckc id ecl the busi ne ss wo dd offer ed bettt•r r et urn s fot· labqt· expended. anrl the last we he a rd of ML oa,·cnpor t. he \\':I S (.'111plo yc d as ho o k-keeper hy som<: co mp a ny in St. Jo s <:p h. hi s ht'ing 398 Anto i ne a ycnuc.

Wm. N. Delzell, se nd s no rep ot·t. Syracuse, Nl'b r ask a. ''Si lent men, like s till watc t·s are dee p and Thoma s F. Do bbs, Peru. Nch t·askn, \\'rite s: "Sin ce g rnclunti on 1 ha ye ta ught constnnt ly in h igh !'e h oo ls ,thc fi r st

Lilli an S mith 926 1-Ian-i so n St .. Ka n sas City , Mis so uri , taught the year aft er gntduat ion at Plattsm outh, Nc bt·aska. Th e following- yca t· she cn te t·cd o ut· U ni\'C'rs i ty. The _vcm · she h:, l< spe nt in • .. ..

TilE ST.\T E SLIIO()J.

a ss is tant prin c ipal in \\" ah oo, a nd n :mainin g fo ur yea rs as prin cip al :u Spe nt th e s umm er of ' !J D in th e sc hool of th e St ate mo!-t of my lim e to cht·m ist r y. Ila ,·e ac h ie ,·ed nei ther w ea lth nor fame-as a teac her , 1Jt tl am s till ready for du t\' and t ru e to mv i\ 1m:t M:tt cr. - -

"I tt of '!);; :vliss \'ina C: : notl ga \'C.: up ht•r fu t ure gr c: ttn css, as a te :t chcr. to as si st me in my wo rk , whic h Lim e all he t· cn et-g ics ha n: h ec n •Tin·n to the :t rl. . . ,.., 1111 n1 st e. mg of home du ti es :t nd cn m fo rt s. and cat·ing fo t· a li t tle ho,· who h ns b c!: n s en t to ch ee r o ut· h1> m c. o ut · friend s w ill :J.lw avs find a w dco mc ·•

In J un e, U!l \ir Do hh s fr om to Pe ru , where he is now enga gc rl 111 lhc hard wn n.: bu s in ess.

C. F. Ldll', Os eco la, 1'\c br aslw, write s th at he h as b ee n pr in cip al of thc Osccoln pub li c sc hools !:- in ce ' 94. S[t vs he lws two :=:o ns anda<l·t•tg·lt t· I -. • • er \\' 10 nre to co me to th e S talt· onna l.

Gco r crc C M . ·1 C o ·• Ct n , a n-ol, N ehra sk: t, h:ts been co nnected w ith th e Cano ll SUttc

Da nk s ince '9 4- I I I · · , a t 1oug t not as ac ting cas hu.' r a ll th t · t• • c tm c. a ftct· gradua tm o- he ma n-ied C . L' 0 ' · a rn e mgclbach. Ht· a nd ht s wtfc t-It 1 l • •g1 at Hel ena du t·in<• th e !'ch oo l ycat· of 'U G- 7. Th e fa ll of .;7 he c om.mcnced the sc ho ol wo rk at C: trro l. Dunner t hi !' \'Ca 1 ·. r, h , ,.., -r 11 s •at c rm o yecJ t oS ou th Dak ota and at t h" 0 1 . eeem 1e r ntea tHlll he w<ts com pe ll c <l to 1 1 11 s p os t tton 1n t 1e sc h oo ls, a ll hi s ti me )) 1 • 11 rr d I t tl ha nk , n ee cc a · 1<:

Ri eh: ml Auht · '' 1 · ttn, wntcs: " Th ere is li t tl e for me to sa y of mvsclf. I grn clu<t te d fr om the No t·m al in ·94. a ft er \\'hi ch I co mpl ete d th e Ia w c..·ourse of th e

St ate l' niv c t·.; ity , g mdu a ti ng thc 1·efr·o m in ' I) (' \\' • • 1. :ts lll Ht'l't t• d th e sa me y ea r. a nd locakcl :tt .\u hurn whe re I h:t\'C b ee n li c in g li> r the l<t st two \T: tr s."

Clint on S. No t·ton en tC' n:d th e l' niv et·sit ,. of th e f: tll of '04·, g t·aclunting· i;1

'!1 7 \\'ith ltc >t ll>r,.. II\· c ..' llTtio n tn of l 'lti l kt:t i(:tpp:t. Si lll'e that ti llt l· he h:t!" t:t u gln La tin : tn cl tory in tl tt· .\ sh l:t nd h ig h the lh n·t· yt·:t t·s :tt th t· hc a ntt· tn hcr nf'the l·o llq ..: t· glt-c duh and chnir lc:td(T of the Fir ,.. t Chur ch. Si n ce c..·o t ti in g .\ !" hl : rnrl hl· h l·ctt dwi r lcacler of th L· E nt :t tt n:tl li:I)H ist C hur ch : 111 ·1:mp cn· i,..o r of' 11 1U,..il' in , \ft cr th e..· : ti Hl\T \\': ts \\' r illc n we n•cci\'L·d th t• O.: :t d I ll'\ \'" n f' t lt t· rk :tth of' .\ J 1'.

\\'h ich OLT tt tt·d in .\ pt ·il of th is yea r. ()'Co ntw ll is of.cn SLTll : tt l' eru. hu l h e..· lw s not :r th L· lct t ct·sseltt to ));t \\'SIIIl, :\t• llt '; t,.. k: t.

LTh (· r e: t st• n \I 1·. O' Cil nt ll' ll did t Hil rep ly to Llw ll'lt lTS of the hi stot ·i:ll t is th at ht• w :t s \\'itlt : tnd \\':t s n ne of tlw fir st lc:t in the niT l' hili pp in es.

- Eill'l' cll c]

\ Iil to n ,1 . i{i c h:trrl snn Nc bra slw . Aftt'l' burdening the Il l

Sc :tnd i:t, K:tns:ts \\' ith c ircu l ar:-: p osln ls : 111 rl let le rs \\'C k:r rn f't·otn :r da s sm :ne th:tt Mr. Ri c.: h:tnl !' on is in t his st at <.·. \\' t• hav e n :cc iv cd no n·pn rt ft·om hi:-n.

Mari'l ll C. She ll enb : 11·g LT, Clen·lanrl. \'acl:t \\Til es: "I am n o\\' l oeatcd in t it,• eo un ty an d sl :t l t: of my bit·th, t each ing at Cl c\'e l: tnd , \\' hil c ! 'in c co un ty Ne\·ada. :t nd mccting with the.: b es t of su ccess. Th is is 111 \' seco nd l c.: nn :t t t his place :t l a mo nt h :y !' a lnt ·y of $ G5 \Vhil e n ot tcadJin g ra nt at honw 0 11 a t•an clt n ea t· Ely. l'·kv:trla. Mu ch 11H t ,. be done in th e pron toLion uf i t.:\'n cl :.t a;1d to rcpcat l Jt,. wo rd s of o f.re:: of m v cl it·cd ot·s, ·I wi sh th en• wl·t·c mot-e Ne lJt ·as i, a Stn lL' No n1wl hen·," imp t-ess cs me that Nc bt ·aslw No rm nl lc nc htrs arc

Ott nw:t J. S tandley lws alw ay s l:t h• u .!.!:n at inl ct·es t in o ur r\ l umni work. hu t li1r !'fl lll C r·e: t:-:o tt h as !'t: nt no r cpn n.

hi s a cldt·ess is n nl S u·:t lto n.

\lr . ll t·nt ·,· :V I ot't m 01 n l ws n ot answ cn·d out lc ll l·r·s sent to \V:rh :ts h. NL· ,·arl :t. :tlld c l:ts sm al t•s l':t ll not g·i, -c acl cl r co.:s.

,

SOME HELPFUL TH1NGS IN GEOGRAPHY.

TillS i,.. an i nf:dlilt lt· nrk in to ge o;.: r:tphy : if pupil-: ur tt·:tc lt l" r di:-<likc the subject of ).!l"OJ..:T:tphy. th<Tl" i,.. .;o mcthinf.i \\T Oll).! in tht· tc:tch in .!.! :-\o JIO rlll:t ] pc r·s1111 disJik t•,_ ch :tll _!.!:l" of !"'t'l"lll"l" _\". trn ,·clin g on land :tncl w:t t<: r. with str:t nge :11111 curi' '"" p co plv. oh:<lT\"ing cn·c.: upati o ns th at h :t \"<' to dn w ith the wclf: II T of tht· p t·u pk. lt·anti ll.!.! uf t he s upp l ies on the..· e :t nh ':-< :-<t ll·f:ttT :t 11 d in i ts cntsl whi<: lt Sll!'l:tin : tncl :-< u pport tn : trl. de. :\nd this o utlottl ; upon thl· wo dd .!!l'ognr plt y gi ve s .• Oh :-'lT\"ati cllt : tlld ir ll:t;_!ina ti on en n IK· gnided uuti l th ere i:-< :1 pk·:t:-<urc t·csulti ng from : 111 irn agi nat ·y jountt·y ak in to the rT:tl l"X pcr icntT.

In the :t\"Cr"il ).!l" hcllllt' StliTOIIIHiing :-: ca n be found the wndcl in 111i n in lllt·e . ErntTson h as sa id th:tl th e nr : 111 who t lt oro u.t.!ltly krrow s his own h ack ynnl kncl \\"S tht• u ni\" cr sa l- ot· wonls to thn t l.."ffel"l The c hi ld who ohscr·\·es t It t· brook fron1 its SO \lt"eC , pttsl tiny f:dJs. by the lllany ing brooklet s, thrcJugh whir·ls :1nd edrli c:: 1• \'CJ-JTcf!-' :tn cl h :1 r·s :111d finn lly to thc..· <ktc rminati\·e dl'lt:t. ktt<l\\"S a r·inT "·' sl t" !ll. .\ hill with it s sl opes. steep · or· gT: td 11:d. t ree-CU\Trcd ty pi fi es in tnir!:ttlln: the mo untain l:t tl" tT h:tngc of lo\\"n and t·o untry pt·odu et illusLt·atcs w hik kn ow k <lgl· of the town go\"< "t·n rn t·nt ... impl ifics the urtrl<Tstn nd ing of the n:t t inn:d plan Evc r·y tt nc her h as heard Llii:-< l ine of agr ·ccs th <l t the t/icrHy is perfect. :-\ow if with t his d o!'C obs, .,.,· :• Lio n of h om<: SLI IT Ounclin gs, ca rt he sanrlwil'licd re: d j our ney s, thl· conditio ns wi ll l >L' funtj h td for the im:tgin n tion to lr ·;rp s.

I IJdil·\"l· th:tl t hL· ideal w: ty tn !<l 'l d\· " \'....... og t-ap hy wunld he thnlll gh tt·: t \TI. IIIJ : tginc such a Utopinn pict u re ;ts :t L>nt i! _,. ·or c hi ldren we ll end o wed n1cnt n lly <trtcl pl! ysie:r lly being !-'<: rtt nnl rtnd th e wo drl -,y:th :t

Fnlt·hd or : 111 .\ g:t -< :<i 7. :1:< thl·i r tuto r. Do not qu l·-<tion furth t-r in t<' t he co urlitiom:. n-r. a :: of l"O ur:::..: <k·fc..:ts c an IJ,· di:-:l"P \"l"tTd in t hl· ::c hem c. when ,·it·wed fr om oth er than :t geo_!..:mphical "t : 111dpoint. Them·xt lll':<t thing tl> lt:an:ling thnmgh :1 t"Pllt llry i:< >'l'l" tng it:< picture :\ nd t hi s i :< :111 :t_:..;l· nf In ··:\kthorl:< and .\ icb in tlt l' pt·ngtT:<:< tt t: t ck in the :11 ·t of illu ··tnttin!.!· i ,- dearly ',-]w wn T he intp on an cc of :tppl·:tling to the l'.n' i :< :t p ptTc ia tc d by hn:< iu t•ss men : ts \\Tll :1:< psydw]og i :-:t:< :-\o hu:-:iness t' ntpln.n•d pinuns to a g rent c- t· aclnl nt:t gl· th nn thl· milro: td comp:wic:<, and what i::: ntor<'. th ey :< ee. n to be s: tt is lied with none hnt tht• ht·:-:t; and the ordinary rail r·oad fll l ckr is pn>fll,.;,·ly illH,.;tratcd with cnpic,of phot o gmph:-:. s 11 ch :1 s may gra,·c :1 parlor lithk. The co 11r tc:< y of these compnni,·:< in iiiH s tr:l t cd :t dYet·tising lll:tlter· p ln<·e:-: ,·iew :-: of the wodd within l":tsy :t cc e ss of a ny sc h oo l.

l'i ctu ;·t·,.; gi \"C cotTCct impre s sions in th t• quic kest :t nd 111ost pleasing way . C hildt Tn inth11cd with an in tcn::st in g:1t hc 1·ing pi t·t ures fot· the ir gTog mphy wo rk can :-:non g et ,·;tlunhlc:: colk..:t ion s. Tlw l'lTry c: tt:tlog hns :1 l'Oll\Tn icnlly classi lit·cllist of ,t!l'll_!.!:nt phi ca I pil'ltli"L'S. ,\ spcc imt•n cabi net c:111 flouri :-< h in t he hurnhl ·s t To htg in with. ch il drt•n :tiT rw lurn l gt·olog is ts and h ota ni!< ts. Th t·y tt t·ed a k:tch ct· to di r ect <tnt! appreciate thcit · rt·s eat "l' h. In addition to t hei r l:th ors 111 th e \·ic inity, sp ec i mt't ls fr om othe r· regi o ns may he "ccured by t•orrcsp o nrk n cl" with ot iHT schools fm· t 'x:t mpk a ;:e lton] in Sak-n 1, :\!:tssa c hu sd t:-<, wou ld glnclly "end :-<orn e :-<pccilltens ;; h ow in g the sl: rgc s in the m nnufnct urc of cotton cloth in cxc lt n ngc for s p<T im cns of corn :\ Los;; fro nt Floridn cn n he exdwngcd fo r· norl lttTn wild ll o\\T r s, e tc Thi ;; corresponde n ce

hctwccn lhc

land s. l' rof l>avi t·'of 1-l at·vanL su ggc!-'ls a non·! pl:tn frw teach in g li me: in it s dwn gc s from to we ste rn or mo unt a in ti me, t'tt·. do ne by all owing p upi ls LO :1 w at ch. kccping r> t rfcct time, to :1 part of th c ( n it cd St:t lt'!-', wh ere the l·h ild n·n shn ll th c watch ;r nd n·LUrn lo the sen d ers bv cx pcrimcnl a dc:fin i tc :.t nd impn·ssion of the <: ha ng<: in t itn c thc u·an·lk-t· goes wit h or away from the s un .

The teac hct· of gcog r ap hy m·ed s the power lo givc cl eat·, cc>tTccL and s impl e ck-

The nnturnl lca c hc r l' :tll do t hi s, b<.'cause she· is giftc d w ith thc powcr Lo imp :u·t her knowledgc. All teachers hould c ulti vate th e fa c ul ty of g ivin g g•·a phic descript i ons

View geog ra phy in th e li ght of a pn:•p<trution fot· tn t ve l, and there is an in cc nti\·c to st ud y. Ame ric a ns arc a na ti on of tr·avclcr s. 1\: o. pui nt on the l·a rth is too far dista nt or inaccessib le to "V ouug America" in th is day a nd age. Co n tt· mplate and plan t ri ps whe thet· vo u tak e them or not. Co mp are and s tud y ad va ntages o ffc:t·c:d by t·outes w hi ch lead to yo lll · dest inati on . Fot· pr actice let the pupi ls take an im agi na ry joumcy Oma ha lo San Fr ancis<.'o selectin g t he No rthtrn.

(' ui nn. 11 1· S11ut h lT II l' al·ifi c the ir n >u tt:. te llin g iu wh :1t th l· ro ut e d lll:-t·n pn·fl.·•·:•hk tiH: ir m nn tin ;_!' a hout c ltilcl n·n of oth er lnnd :lla \·c you nnti1 T cl h ow l· hild -life appeals to l· hilclrcn? Sm·h J, on k" ScYcn L ittle Si-... li.' I' S, Chi ldr 1.·n of th l· Co ld. <· lc pr on: thi:l'n>h:r hl y l'\'l'l'_\' wo ul d suy Cor wlwt I wo uld s: r_y fo1· geogr a. phy: ,.;7.., th :1t nowhe1·e the ma x im m nn.• ap p n>p t·i:ru· t lwn in gcog .-:tph y. th at "th• p ower to tc:tc h :t li tt k d cpl·nd s up on th e p owe t· to kn ow a _!.!:l'C:lt cknl. " I bclit'\" th: rt :1 tc:1c hc•· of p•·i t nnn· ge o g- rnphy can teach he•· lit tlc <liltS more s kilfully if $h ' hn s studil·d gco l og y or k !H>ws of the nc hul :r•· h ypothes is.

Th<: follow in g a pa rli:d li st of hel pfu l to th e gcog- rn phy l cnc lt er in llw gt·a cl l·s:

Rc,·ell Littlc :-> istc rs, by .J ane Andrew s. J<o iJin so ll Cntsoe, Lidn :\ I c "- l uny and llu s te d.

Hn10 ks a 11d Brook Ba s in ,., Frye.

Ft·yc's Pt-i lll ::ti"Y Gcog •·ap h y.

F1·yc's Comp lete G eogT ap h y.

Sp ec ial :\ lc th ods in GeogTaph y, 01·. :\lc:\ lur ry Gcog 1·aphi ca l Rea ders, King.

Gcognt phi ca l l <eaclc J·s. jo hnn at.

CcogTap hi ca l Rc: nclc r s, ca,·pcntcL Stories of Ind ustry.

Outlinc frw Eig ht Or. :\lc:\ lmry.

' 'And yet when a ll is th oug ht a nd sa id. Th e heat·t st ill o\·er r ul es the h ea d: St ill whnt we hope we mu st bel ieve . \nd what is gi,·en us rccei vc; :\ I ust st ill fot· sti ll wc hop e.: That in a world of lm·gcr s cop e \ \'h at here is fai thfull y begu n \\'ill he co mplet e d. not un do n e.''

SOME SUGGEST IO NS ON TEACHING ARITHMETIC.

NQ dotJI>t \\' l' \\' L'I'L' all lC> if I Wk t· cight n:n t:< fnllll thir·tn•n <.:t:tll>' I sha ll h a\'(: li\'L' kft. But han· wt: on I y fi \'<.: <.· t.·n t,; If \\'<.: ,;;a ,. \\'l' takc a b oo k fn>m the tahk. nton t'\' fr om t he pu r se nr· frui t fro 111 tht· ,1 : tr·. do \\'c not find LhL· r the ,.:cennd .,IJ_ j cct l eft To he ,; ur·c \\' <.: oftt• n !' ay we :1 hr·a rtch fr o111 th e tr ·ce or· th <t t the k[t\'t·,.: ha \'l' f:tlll' n fnHn the lt'l:L' but on ly \\' h <.: n tht• r·crn : ti ndt-r i:< tltt• 111 :t in pa r·t of the o hj t.'l:t do \\'t: u ,.:c the ,.:tatcrnent.

A tea cher· of m:t the 111at ic.:,.; on l:c ,.:n id ln m e. ·•Well, if \\'e kn o\\' \\'hnt t ht• t.· hil d m ea ns whc ri h <.· say,.: 'c.: igh t et•n t,.: L;t ken from t hir-tee n ce n ts lc.:;rn·s fi, ·c ce nt,.:. ' wh at. diffe ren ce d oe,.: it nt: t kc ju,.:t h o\\' he :;ays it ?' ' We usua ll y under sta nu wh at a pup il mean s when he !'>nys'' Tlwt' sn ll the fart her·· I got ," but do we ap p nH' e of the lan guage used?

If we lutv e thit ·tccn ce nt s a nd take away eight ce nts we hn vc fi ve c.:cn ts r·cmaining.

The t•ight ce nt ,; ;t r t· >'t p: t r<tt t·d from th e h\'l' n·nt>' :t n rl \\'l' h an· the two groups w hi ch \\'i l l. \\'ht·n pl:tt'l'cl t oget her. pr o duce the rn inu t:t HI. ,;ulnr:t...:tinn is the pr oce,;s of !<t·p:t r ati ng a rr u mlwr in to t \\' O numbt·r s. <>t t t' of which is gi ,·cn fo r· th e pu rp o!<e of finding t he oth er.

\! li n\' Ill'\\' tc.:ac hl't '!< lind cl i \· i!< iOil of fnH.'tion:< difficu lt. c:; pccin ll y \\' h en the di\'i s m· i,- a fr :tet ion . The fn ll o\\'ing pln n may he !t el pfnl:

( ;i\' t' tl,

In 1 th t:n.• ;], t hen o t· If the re nn: tw o- third s in in 1. in 8 there arc tw o-t hird s or 12 t\\' O-t hinl s ·.

Fo rm. 1

\\'h ere the diYidcnd an d diYi so rare both fra ction s th e me thod is the me

Fonu , 1 + ,:•,= :: + /', = ':,'· A+

.\ s ll'nder plil n t ,.:

llep r i,·ccl of ,.:un li g hl in the ir ne ed ful hnnr. \\'i ther· and di e. ere !!I'OW ll to perfect flow er.

So i111pul s cs of in y nuLhfu l, un t:t ughl hear ts

D en i ed th at \\'a nnth which sy mp at hy imp art!;, C hi ll at t hcit· h it·th, ancl in th ei r p la ce up sp ri n gs

A 1·npicl growth of c\·il. n oxio us thin gs

- :\In:. Id a D. :\lonrnt·.

T HE RELAT IO NSHIP OF ENGLIS H GRAMM AR TO OTHER PHASES OF

ENGLISH .

wll \'

thc:re sho uld see m to ht· "(} m uch unec:: rt a in ty :1mong- to :tny wc::ll-tlt•fincd kn o\\'lc::cl;.:-c of En gl ish grammar is a questi on lh<tt ne e ds careful attention fr om th e tc::nc.:hcr s of this subjc.:t·t. :VI nst students thi nk th ey o ugh t u. study gra mmar to the excl usion of <dmnst <.:\'cry other phase uf En glis h, wht·n, n lt·cad \'. t hey h:t\'l' spent mudt more tim<.: 0 11 tl;i s subject than on con s tr u ct il'<.: Eng li sh n•· litcr at ut·e.

1 s uspect thi s fi:c: l in g uf un c.:cr ta int v h as for i ts chief t·ause with l:lnguagc as a whole. In p:1st yt·ars gr nmmnr has hccn tt''" tt• ·rl 't"· · · 1 · l ,. • " .t su )Jet· :1pn rt rom o rcranie hn ·'I 1 ...., • guage u nu st lt( t·n ts lt a\'<.:comc to feel th· t 't ·. · · 1 " 1 ts en Tumserth ed )),·a cc rt:ti n h av i ng th e wor cl ''Grnmm ; lt·" pr in ted on. tt . They fail to fc:clthat :tn\· n·lntinnsh tp c:xists hct,·•ccn this su bjcc.t and the sc n tl·nccs in tl )' 1 · 1e :·c ac tng Jook or th ose 111 :ql<.: ot"t II · · < ) ot up on paper . The rl'l't·n t 1 · popu ant\' to \\'h id1 the ,.;tutl\' of Fn•fl' -h. II.- h - • ·' ts 111 a tt s p a:-;es has t·ist•n H·cms to he tht: I' t' f . . ll ,l IZd 1011 0 l'XISttllg C'Olldtt JC IIIS \\' I . . . · · .t tc ll',l!'tnnt ng to fct:l th at a kn owlc d c•c f tl . " 0 1c use of lan•rua gc t·tk <.::-; prcceden<.:t: r • "" < • 0 "!'Lucly of th e sc ic:ntific side. In a wor d W<.: 1 . . · lt:g mntn " to treat language with as 1 ·I ,..., · 1 commo n st·n st· as w<.: li St· for oth<.:r s h' ·t · · u .JCc.: s. A men.: hnndltnv 11nd tn tl'ti on < r. · . ,.., • > oljl)J:tl':tllls IS 11Ct:CSS <l r\' lor a studt•nt l Jl'"inni lif lll. ·t I f h·- ' ,.., l S IIC V 0 C <.:tllIS l l'\' . •

Tlt.l· lm·k of Ill it rkc::l inll c:ct ions in English rcqmrcs th:ltnt: t n\· oi' til• ··l·t· • 1.: 1 C, I1 0 11ships l't·lt th ·: n in l: ln guages the <·1Hiings of \\'CJ r ds te ll dcfini t dy tlwi1- 1 clation lo <>thl' r· wo rds in th c s; n tt n ct•. Fn 1• this rc::t:-; rJII with tht.: language.: is of vi ta l in t))or Utn ce in th t· st ud\' of En•r-,... li sh gr:tmmnr. TakL', hy w;1,. of il lu stt·a-

tion. thl' "t' llll' ll l'l ', "Titc :'l:l\'t' <Ire\\' thl· c:tn Tin: rl·l:1l ion c:1l'lt \\' tll'd hea r :' to thl· otlwr" tllll "t hl· li.·lt l•efort· t he st uclt nt 111ust h:t \'l' a n: :tl :1ppt'l't'i:ttinn of wh:tt subject.' of wh:tl ·oiJj,'l't ' i s. ),l'f; )l'l' the n :tming qf (•:tdl itt tht: 111 e: 111 S : tn ythi ng to hi nt. l 'ut nllw thi:- :-;a nl t' i nto L atin. ":-:c.: i'\' tt s u·:txit c: 1tTttllt." : 1n d. if a stnde nt h :td not :t ck:1t· ick:t of s uhjt:ct Hncl ohjl·t·t, ht· cou ld , l\ltnwi ng l'IIOttgh L atin . r c: ulil y po int ottt su hjc.:t:t : tnd ohjt' l'l, t:\'l' ll th ough any nnkT of the L <tlin t<.:nc<.: might l·c dt ost: n. :\o t th :tt in lan .!.;' tt :lgt: the r cl: 1tion sh ip of su hj cd :tnd

CJbjt:d tH t: cl n ot h t: IL·It for this i :-; :thsnltnt·1\' c:-;senti: tl to :t fu ll tT: tli zation of :1 sente n ce'. hut whct ·e t:ncl ing s of won):-; :tt'l' delinit<: the student ca n get on in a nttehanic : tl w:tv . The Ill'\\' L: 1tin tll et l wrls at·e su n:ly :1 p :·oof that a cq u:1in t: n1 <:C wiLlt l:t ngu ag-l' is or i111p0t'l:llll't' hcfo t'l' grantlll:tl' as :-; u dt is :-;tucl icd. ThctT ha :' 1J l'C II e nt itTiy too ntuch 'L:nini:-;m 111 the st ud y of E ngl ish gra 11111 1:tr Tak e th e.: m:t Llt:r of c:tsc \\' iLit 1101111 S. Tht'l'l' :t rc ])II t t\\'O l':t:-;c f'onn,.;-tltl· common f'on n : tncl the p ussc!' si,·c fo nn \VIwt use to takt: th e ti me to k:t t' tt the :-;o often itt ot tt ' En glish gr am ttt at·,.:, ·• A 11011 11 u se d :ts the oh.it' L'L of :1 ,·ct·b ot· ;t is sa id to he in t he u hj ccti\ l· case.'' In the !'Ctttc nc <.· tts ed <t llO\'C is not ' c;l t·t' nominnti\'ct·n:-;e :ts wl·l l ns [ c:tn usc 110 othe t· f'nrnt if I wish tn li St' '<.:1ut' :1:-; s ul>j cc.: l 'The c; lt'l c.: t·c:tkerl undl'l' th e ltc av \·lor td ." If th e w oi'C I 'c.:ast•' h n..:· a11_v 111 c:t ning :tl all it t·cf(: r:< to th t· fonu 11t' a wo rd Let no nn e s<.·ek to :t\'u id qu ,.;t inn hy snying th: tt. itt tht abO\'l' rn k 'ca f: t: ' llle<lii S (.'O II St ntdi cll t 01' USC. f j' it do cs, \\'In· not s:.y s o? 110 L nti n

Till ·: :'\01{\1.-\L :-;ciiOOL

woulrl :111>-\Y<.-r. t>hj<.Tt of'trnx i l' ·· in to " \\"hat is tltc of 't.: :t tTtlnt :" ' .. ll ow nt u dt t lt .- w oil· Ill :1 t is si 111 plifi..:d in if :-:tH: It ruh: :-: n:-: the nn t· gin·n aho n: arc otll ittt.: d cn ti r <.· ly :t n t! only sudt sta tCIIl ent:-: :1:-: : tp ly to rk ·alin g wi LI 1 ll tllllt:-: In tw<:lve p o:-:s ilok t·cl:t tio to:-: lt ip :-: pf Lil t' l'O II Imon fon 11 he ,,·it lt such ,. th : tt tac h one nt :ty lo<.· t'<'l' ll.:..: tti zc d wlt t·n :O:l'l'tl. A ft·w pt·t h: tp :-: <lit E11 g:i:-: h pt·ono un s may 111:1 k t· c k:11·<.T wh :tl I h:t n· aln:ady to :-:ny l 11 the · Th ..: ha ll !:t ru ck t ne, " 'li te· i :-: o hj<.:..-t i , • l1ec : nt s..: the pr o no tnt, f.,,. tht· pnn lltoli kc the noun, h:ts three dis ti nct t·:tst·-forll ts and t he fo rm ' 111 c' i:-: us cl in th cs <.· o hjt'l't i ve re l at io n s. Bu t 111 c· h as h oth l'lllt:-:trunion a nd cas e, wh<.T<.': t :-: 'ca r t.' fr ntn poi nt of \' icw h :t cl co n :-: tt ·uc ti on nnh·. At ka:-: t cons tructi on i :-: the ll litlt<.T nf 1111p o n: tn l'l'

ThtTt.: is goo d rt·as.m for the r ul e, rhc suhj<.'l't of :111 iu h ni l i\' <.' i:- in th e objt•ctin· ens<.·." when th e subject of au in fi ni ti \'l' fnr111 tu go is :t pronoun h:l\·i ng an If iu t he se n t<.' n ce "I directed him the const nll:tio n of h im is as: cd f\ 1r . th is mu :-t lw l>n<l\\' 11 to ac<.'Pll ll t fo r the objt ctiH· c as(' . Thi s su hjt•cti\'l· r el:t ti nn 111 ay he ft·lt by expandi ng ·hi lll to .:..:o · into the dnus " th at he sho ul d ,!.,!" 0.

::\ly then. i:-: : Ld u ;: our gr:t1111nar:-: :1:-: much as poss ib le and li:ccp in mind that r cl a tion;: lti p of wor ds mu st b (' felt k ee nly if out· :-: tu dutt s arc to be s ut·c of t ht ir <! ' ·o und Th is feel in g- ca n b1.· acq uir <' d

Pttly thro ugh :1 combi n ed st udy of g n1n tnl a t·, li t erature. nnd co m po sition. the sturku t h c:i ug fa mi lia1· with t he the: two latte r. in :1 11 ele m ent ar y \\'::1_\' l wfo t·c he l'ntcn:• upo n ti ll' :-tuch· of gt·nmt11 :t r.

The Flower of Libe rty.

\\'h :t l lln\\'e r is t hi s th :tt gre ets 111 ont, lt s hu o;s fn ll ll llc:t\'C II ,; c)fn ·,;hl y hn rn?

\\'it h h unti ng s tat· and ll :nn ing· hr:w d

[t kin dle s a(( the S lll! Sd la n d.

Oh. tell tt >' \\' h: tt its ttnn tl' 111 ay he ! ] ,.: thi s thl' Fl o\\-et· of Lih l' r ty?

I l is th e· Ran ne t· nf th l' Free. The ,.: lnrry Plo\\' cr of Lib ert y!

ll eho ld its st t·o;an;ing r:ty s unite.

One 111in gli ng Aoorl of br aid ed li !-! hr.

Th e n:d t hat firo.:;; the S o>ut hc rn 1'0>'(', \\' ith sp otle ss \\' hit e f1·ocn :\'or th e rn

A nd ;; panglo.:d o'e r its azure, sec·, T he s i:-:tl' r s ta r ;; of Lih cr ty !

Then lw il th e Ban ner of t he Frl'l\ Th o.: sli t rry Fln\\T r of Li haty!

Thy s aen·d lea \TS, fai r Fr o.:edo n t's ArJ\n: r, Sha ll t: \' et· tlo at 0 11 don 1e and t ow er; To nil the ir hc•a,·etlly cnl nrs tr u e, In blackening fn> st or cr int :-:n n d o.:w ; And t;o d ion: us a >: we lon: th 1·e, Th rice ho ly Flo\\'l'f uf Lihc1·ty!

Th t•lJ h ai l the Banner of t he F ree. The Flnw e 1· of Li ber ty ! -Ol i Yn \\ ' enck ll ! Jo l nt es.

SUPPLEMENTARY

A RT EDUCATION.

Il'\ these clay s 1/f awal<cning along <.:cluc:ttio nal lin es of d ra wing toget 'n ti v <.· co-oper at ion a ll !-;Ocia l forces a great d ea l of lull< co-opc r atHJJI _or th e h ome a nd th e sc ho Jl. \\" c "'·c hcglllni ng to rccogni %c th at the puh li <.· schriO ) m ay become the socia l (i n lhc: la •·gc:r· sense) ce nt er of o u•· n atio n al life. ' ew York Ci ty, Llli"Oug h it s honrd or educat ion, is s uppi emc.: nting public ed u ca Lion by fr ee lcc ltll·cs and classes nllc ndccl hy over h aifa milli on pc.:oplc a yca 1·. In t hi s wo rk art, inc lu ding music, h:ts a place .

We hen•· a great d ea l of •·suppleme nt ary reading," nnd the id ea l of lea c hing in the sc h oo ls has und <:rgonc a gn: :t t change. Pu pi ls Ht·c.: no t taug ht s imply to pnmo un cc words a nd re ad sente n ces, sl opp in g to count one :1t a co mm :1, two at a se mi co lon , a nd th •·ec at a JH:r iod 0 1· i nte•·r ogat ion po int. The ohj en nf teachi ng r eading is to in euk:ntc a love of atttn·. that they mn y gain the · n:ading h ab i t•• and hl· nwakencclto idea ls of living which an• to he fou nd in ou ,· h c:st liter arv

Slu books an: •·ead, not sho n. rlisc onnccted bits, a. · fo r mc d y, <1 nd the ch iltlt ·en nre enco ur aged to do a certa in amount of reading by thcmsch es, y et u nd er the supervi sion of the teac h<...- . wh o untlc,·tak cs to fi nd out what irk·a!< lhey gai n from thei r n::n.d in g. Pa ,·c.: n ts to eo-npc•·atc in t hi s wo ,-k of the wi th the r esu lt that books go into man \' ho 1 n l·s th nt h ave been s t,·nngcr:; to goo-d lite 1 ·att u ·e

I

Si mi la ,·t·oope•·ati'o n b etwee n music t eac he •· or mu sic Ioven, anc] the sc ho ol is able and desirab le . Amer ica mav we ll he p1·oud of the fact th at the g rea-test in the impnl veme nt of methods of pi :t no te<1ching have b ee n fon11ulntcd by nne of hc 1· l>wn teachers vVil li am :\1ason h ::t>' do n e: for piano teac hing what oth<:r men

. l. l'lllrrht in t hl• . '' r. )I' :-- uh.Jl.·t: :- . ... l' l t) 11 .1\'1: iJ lTil rlo 111 .- • II Ol l'Oill . \\' "'I\ l.

Jlllhli<.· l . " :I:' . r 1 •J11:Jil( l ll1.-. qunhh-

tltl· (l ll llll II ( l . . • lll:L'C:'SFII_\ · 1 11'-' ll. :I :- .I 'lllcl \ \"l'

profic i <: IH:y 11 1 11 · 1 tL·nc hcr. · t'rll1 of :1 p11h l it: :-:choo Lo he

<.:.I 1 II t " :I l i " . . ( hl· I Il l: ,1 1-< IC Ill h ·t n: not c" 1 . , ,, 1111. ' of tc:lc 111 ,,·o rk i:; grow- in the way the I bu L public schoo in g.

Th r o11gh I ,yh !'chnnl f () Il l: ." .- ll1 l' crTort:-: _ n_ rl · has hl'l'll :t " ·o ' .. J •t Cl.'l tnincll) I ofll' ll cnou,_ l. Le:lcht.T , iII ' :1lCf · rr thl' if J'C jJl ' · r; II SIII ., •l one \Vh ic lt, r ··tol· 111 I . ' , -cr·fu I cl t>nlC ucm<. I I I -1 JJO\\ t. u1 \vou c )e • ·. en!' l: ' • • 0 11 n tn· Sl • .... ,lc l :trcl of ·t in tin:< c . ,, 1cJ : 11 I lo\\• 1 ·. 'I n a llll II< l' ., 1on <r Io' t\ of · I· ·k :l nr v: ' whH: h \\ <: ,tl: . t hl :-' \\ ' 1. ., tOCOill r 1 rJ ll L 111 It o .. lt a J f·icn d "' · · " to till' ·ked :t I , nd sn•,., li tcra tun.: LIS 1 -nin g ' 1 1 she hn cl H .: !11<> f III C.: I to sc hool 111 o " ,rrrestc d by th e 1'00 Sllr.o I pupds 1 11 • • U tti on '' 1 1 •td t rcntcr 'J' he tll VI ·f·icn c h ch arge. 1 c•· ' 1 ... 1 . ·hich 1 .• ,.r o• , the way 111 "' -he s.ll I· . lti ch .. hn• 0 ' · • so me song!' w Th <.·,· , ,·e ll • '" Br oo k. HIH I stu d \' cl ass. ]· _- K in gsk) IIJJerl · . B·oo ,, .cJ '" 0 Tcn n \"SO il s I She lt.t n I .. trl'll l l'd -, . B ·ook. , .. , :-:c t Sc hub er t:,; t her )Jcc.J' ·IJo nrhn g ttl to•Yct ·r ,. th •·cc songs "' f l 11 c t of fcc Il l ).! 1 nscs o I J IIH"n o fcliffe1 ·ent P l< f d cvc oJ . Tcnnv ,;on <'C'-' () ·t . I d iffc•·cnt stH ,.., · - 1 fi•·:-: f 1 tut Y nm r ,e . . <> • a nd thoug ht . 1-c t:S 1 ' c • 1 cc.:o n tp:tn · • 1 c:xp , ocm' hc'l lllifu] ]1 0C II ' <r the p ofthc hllT· < • or ]tv111 ,•. dc d one . .· ·J oy , tbCJ OJ t r t' ITltll ]I C" II'd :J,; It II Jl· · · tha bt: • ic d bv m t1s 1c .. ol' to ·ks. In t ht - l" btO th t: r oc.: I a] so ng of . rn <> "g . , ·tddcd to l it· _,.] e'-' ,, I t:rc IS • I P k !'; an cl gt.u·g n'_,. t 1 touc.:h, t ll' k so J1l:ll1 Sc h u broo . H h u I t: brook f tO tl pit:turc o. • h '. stot·y h. 'ICC0 111p :1111 · I tcl lll1 o- ts . . t l: , vo u t'l o o-ethc t. " :t clcqll'r ·h .. t ra ve l on t:o"" L[tllllll,.._ t C) o- con 1 l . tlt l' ll l cnt to t hi s son ,. I c thoug 1 -co n1 1. to t1 I' >k \\lth tc con·csponr tng ·IC)' 's ,,·ot no Jr ,., a-, f tl f h P oem Then '" ,... · ·tur c.: o ll' o t e d il.s P'c

Lh .: ch a. n gc of moo • hcin rr lo!<l in I ,.... brook's rurity nncl C CH I •

the :t nd d: tt ·k •.• ... :tn d :-till deep<: r human touch it : tht· to the: mother a nd ch ild to :1 \·n id tht· :-in nf lifi.:. thci n, it ntinn to "h: tthc tht• dt':l L spa rk lin g, flow ing \\':t tn be ing- th 1.· hol of the of l ili..· whit:h u:< pur<:.

Atte n tion c:tllccl tn tht· lllll,.:ic:d ti n gs of the pot·nJ,.:, to t Itt: that music add,.: :tn int. c n,.:it.y t•> lht• a \'i \' id n c!' s lo tl t t· pi c lli i'L' T hi,.: w:t,.: :1 g- ood introduc ti on to :1 ,.:t u dy 11111,.:i e : 1,.: an an. as so meth i ng w hi ch w a!' mo1·e t itan n lc rt·ly en te rta in ing

The se ,.:o n gs \\' t:n: hy a "L'L of s pr in g so ng s t.1·ca t ed in tin: li l t:

The lcac hc1· had nn ot it e1· f1·iend wh o ca me to the s <.: h oo l fo 1· SL'V<.: ral i;1 success ion c: tch ti n1 t: :1 twenty-mi nute ta lk ,i ll ust l·:t le d wit h ilt :<lnl nl cnta lmus ic. Sh <.· ht:gan wit h rll (' h t:g-i nni ng of 01 11' mo dc n1 mus ic hct· t:1 lk offon11 nnd co n te nt wi th the " impl c : lll cl \·ari n ti ons of t wo hunri1 Td and mo 1·e y<.·ar,ngo, gnul ua ll y coming dow n t lu ·o ugh the cu l minat.ion of th e cl nss ic fon 11s, th n> ugh the begi nn in gs of the rom ant ic sc h oo l. to the prcs<.· nl d ay; endi ng with n ta lk about s ome of the 'vVng 11<:t· mu sie w hi ch wn ,.: shor tl y to he gin·n : tt the music ft:sliva l.

That th ese mu sic \\' CI'e h l.' lpful a nd mjoyab lc \\'<Is ab un cl<tnt ly ev id ent fro m the sp ontan<.·o ns L' Xp l·cssion nft he pupi ls.

These fi 1·st dfo 1· ts w <:I'L' fo ll owed : tn o ther y(.'n 1· by on al-c h1 tect un·. wit h t he stc 1·coptico n an d give n by nne c< l-

p:th k· , ,fcln i ng la t er talk,- fro m n 11 0 11 pninti11g .

I k hro ughr hi:' own picture" to the :<chnol rnom pointing o ut the demen t :< of ht•:tut:y. wh nt people we re to look for in pil·turt'" ctt' Soml'time. he lonn ed pit-

t un·s tn the "d10ol week!' :l t :1 ti me .

Tht• t<•:tl.'ltL'r in h 1.T li t er:ttu 1·e wm·k was :wei could m ore C:l ·ily po int out to tlt L' :<e ym1ng pc.:oplt: the unity th nt u nde rnil of the b eaut i ful. fo r "ingc.:r·. player arc hitc.:ct. an d pni n tcr· m ade it t thn t a ll :l rt ex i"ts fo 1· the sa me e nd n nd r L' ,.:t s on :l com m on bns is. Ot hc1·s h :t\·c come into thi" to ta lk of pal·ti c ul:u· ph ases of mu s ic::t l nl't. nnd it wo ul d seem th :H :"uc h work wns an in eli \·id unl additi•>n to sc hool education. Tt is wo 1·k thn t cou ld he dollL' in c\·c ry schoo l. for i!' no t<l \\' n \\ i th<> ut some wcll -int(>l ' lii L'd nm :tt<.:ul· who wou ld he glnd to r·c,< pond to an in \' i tat io ll ft·om n tl':tc h er; ann do u htk ss ,•n·ry co mmuni ty ho l ds mcm be1·s of the pt·otcss ion who wo ul d r espo nd ns 1·cndi ly. lt \\·:t s tn1e in t ht s cas e. fo t· nlthough pn:tess i ona ls bu sy peop le. 1f th ey nrc tntl y nrt ists they Jon· th ei r ar·t so we ll th at th e_v are glnd to tn kc an o pp ort uni ty to t·ightl_v !'et it fo r th n nd CnJTeht tc it with tlw ot hc1· :u ·ts.

,\n ot h cr goo d of thi !' wod: \ \' rtS that pa re nts, and me mh c1·s of -t he sc hoo l boa rd ca me to h ear th ese t;:tl k s. so st 1·cll"'thc nin 2' t he bo nd b etween sc h oo l . ,..., .. :\ll cl h ome .-Sc h ool and Ho me Erluc:ttio n.

A tnrt tctnpe t· n c,·c r n ll ll o\\'!' wi tlt :t,!.!'l', anrl a sharp tongue is the o nly loo l th at gt·o "'" kcl' >>c·t· \\'it It constant u :;e. - \\ 'a s it i n gton

THE STATE NO RM A. L SCI-fOOL

., ., .,

A dc• ol cd 10 lhc i nlcrcslti of 1hc S1n1c Normal School of :'lcbr o5ku •!)) "?, '(,;•''-')

/'u blis lu:,J l1y the ; ::tculty '' n thL· li lcccnL h of t he month.

] • A. BEATTIE, Edi tor.

J. D. Bishop, Business Managzr

But t: rt.. rl n L the: Lrdlh•t: :t t / -'ern. -; /: If, "·"' SC C f) flrf· Cftl."tS III II jJ IIIII l Lc.! r.

Te rms, 75 cc nls n year

If a per so n h as age and cxp .r ;c u c.: c h <: ca n not fail to sec th at <:vc r \" pe r io d in th e wo rl d's histo ry h:t s i ts ow n li fi: Ll"ll rlc n c.: y and p ecu liar itit·s. If h e: js wa nt ing in ,YL"H rs and <:X JKT i<: nc <: , hu t h as a kno w led ge of th e wo rl d lhn 1ug !J lh l: info rma li l) n w hi ch from h oo ks ami CU JT l: lll lit l: rat ure , he is a cqu a in t ed w ith th e sa me fa ct.

This fact. th at eac h :t gc:: o1· pc1·iod h:1s i ts o wn ten de n cy a nd m[tn ifcs ts it s lif(: :11HI nee ds in it s ow n wav ,i s as l n1 c in fid d of educat ional ncti\·it \" as a n\" nt he l". \lte ntion is to t his gc nc;al fn ct for the pu rpo se of plac in gc mph ::j,.'> is on that wh ich is begi n ning lo make ilself kno wn an d fell in the ed u catio nal WC> d d. b ot h :1 n <.·c rl and nn oppn •·tun i ty . It is t hi s: lh ..: c: 11l there fo1· you ng mc: n. for we ll prcpan·d ynu ng men in th e ehnr aclc •· Lhl"\" ou cr hL to hnvc, in the sc holars hip lh ey o"'ught ,.., to pos !-'c ss a nd in th e :-ki ll wilh which lh cv ought lo do the \\ "O•·k ass ign <: d th em in th-e :-c h ou l w ork in :-.ie hn1sk a. \\ "hat evt r m ay be sa id qf ce r ta in spec ial of me n O\"C l" wome n, or of wo men O\ '<: r men it r<:ma in s tt·u<.·, as all h istory eas i ly attl:sl s, that th l: n :s ul ts of a ll educat io na l effo rts nnd a gencies ha,·c bcl:n b<: st \\"hich h :1 ,.e IJecn the jo int pr oduct 11f the JifC, d l"tl l"l. and C:l r lll' Stncss

or IH nh men : 1nd ,, onJ L· n. :1nd that ton l111th thinking n ncl :1cting u po n the s ana.· n wtcri:cl :1t thv tinu·. \\"hi lc a hoy may go to 1 h <.· h:11l w hile u nde r tlw \"l"l"\" inlltl c ll t"l" of :1 ho n1c where b ot h f:1LIIl"l" :111d Jllo , ht J· :1n: in h armo ny fn 1· tiJt· 11f t he hoy. thl· c hnn n.., <J rl· Jnon: til:1 11 Jtl ul tipl i<.·d hy t\\"o Lilt: n·ry d: •y t•itht· r Ol ll" is t: d;L' Il :J\\"11_\' \\"hv is \\' h nl t il<.· l"L·:tl n .: a:-o n for t hi ; :l ftt·r al l? \\ "h :1 t is t il t lntt· p hi losophy of the c.:n..,<.·? Tht· ,·c: d rc :1so n is th at th <.· su m of t h <.· i nil \IL"Il t"l:S \\" h ic h work u po n a _\"ll ll llg JifL· is :t l" Olll J>k llll' ll l of infit iL" Ill'L'S - :1 n :s ul t:t nl r,f in li UL" Il ct·s :111d n ol s illl ply a sum in th o.: scn st· of :111 :1.:..!".!.!t"cg:1lio n of in flufo n nin g stJ nJu ch q uant i ty, but a •.,._ s ul ta nt of \\"hi ch wo l"i; inltl end1 othc r :1nd up on o..::tc h ot h t'l" in suc h \\" :tys tlwt Lhl: not in fact l ike t he

s u111 :\s :ill is tr ut· in t ht· 111 the Church, i 11 th e S 11n cl:t y Seh ou l. in th eg<·ner:d co m nn t ni ty life, il is Lru c: li so in th l: li ft: of an education :tl in the of n t:a t·ly all .t:T:tclt•s. It wo u ld be a c.;: tl a llli ty to : 1ny com Jn uu ily if all l ht.• s pl end id \\" omen in t he sehoo ls \\"l' rt· lo hL· wiLhclra \\"n : tncl men put in lhcit· p la c e.-: a nd so, on t he h and. it is :1 ll l:ltlt' l" f"n 1· congr:t tul :t t i11n th:1l SO pJat"L"S : u"C lT :ili zi ng n cc d f"o t· 111 <.: 11 tn l hL• sc h oo ls as \\"l:ll as w om en. Thi s is :t gond sign so f"a 1· th o.: ptTsc nt is con(·enJt• d, a nd on the o th c1· h: 1nd it is :t n ope n d oo r of <>pportuui ty for young tll <.: ll As t here is :11 ce r ta in pc1·i o cl s in :1 lll<tt·kccl cl cg J·e<· and at n il li me s in c on s ta nt in flue n ce n need woma nl y g1·acc an cl sym pathy \\" OII Wt dy tact and insig ht , so in ma rk c.: d d eg ree au d in cons ta nt in flu e nc e is th e r<: in c\" <:1"\· st· ho ol the n ee d f( ll· ma nl y pt"l:S L'Il Cl: and IJca t·in g, lll :t nly st n·n gt h a nd le a cl ers lt ip. The extre me \\' :ts fo un rl y cm·s ago wht·n in a ll tht· gn 1cks, C\Tn lo the lo\\" c sl in tl w prim ary. the Leac hin g f"o t"Cl: 11f me n; and Lbc op p os ilc l"Xl l cmc h as Hpp roache rl in the 1·ecent pa sl \\"h L' ll n enrly a ll pos it ions \\" ere occupil" d hy \\"D i ll en

Th l· ca ll ll 1Cll :t healthy ,: ig-n :111cl i:< an op po nu ni ty for t he yo ung- 111L'n of cha rac lcJ' \\'h o th:si rc to be of u:<c.: in thL·ir da Y rtnd g-c.: n l· 1·;1ti on and lo imp n .: :<:< u po n the ir a,:..:-c.: . Th ecor n :t L' t \\'i th :-: uperint c.:n d c.: nts :1nd sc h oc d hn:tn b duri n g- th e.: summer n ow cnck·d h a,: n ot ,:h o wn a nY la ck of :tpp 1·c.:c.: i :a tinn of th c.: sp kn d icl \\' 0 111 L' n \\'hO arc fou nd in th .: ranks of t hl· :\l hr n skn tcil c.: hl•r ,: . and of the \\' n rk th ey an: doin g both in u .-clny nncl fm · tcnn o1·: o\\' . hut it h ns sh o \\'n a clisli uct c all to ad d to their dTo ns iu hc half of \\'ha t cnn h l• d on e 1)\· the h l·s t cl as s uf :\d>•·:tskrt \ \'l)n tcn the be:<t th at th l· r c.: i :< in the L' du c: t tcd you u g- 111L'n "f the sU tt c.: . Th e.: co t·r·es pn rHlcn ce of th t· S1 11 ll· mer: of ·n 7 :tnd ht·ought c.: om para tiY cly fe \\' c.: alb fot· yo uu g- meu wh o h ad pn .:p arc cl lh <.: m :<c ln.:s in th L· :\ o nn nl School tor the wo1·k in the p ub li c nf the cnmmo n\\' ca lth. :\ ot so of the S lllll tlH'r uf '9 9.

C all nfl<.: r· c: t\ 1 h as c om e.: the month of Au gu st ;tnd the lit ·:_.; t cl a ys of Sq)tc m bc r fot· yo un g men nf a bili ty nn d c har ac tc t· who had been trained in th c:

Sc h oo l \\' hid1 c ould uot he an s\\'L'l'ed bY sc n cl iu g the.: n :t llll' an d of sOn le O l;t: \\' ho eo uld m ee t th e t'l'qui 1·c mcn t s. \VhY n ot g in: in n:ply th e name and add r ess?

n cca usc the de m:t nd wa s fa 1· in excess of the s up pJy. Th e fu t un· a lm ost c.:e 1·tain tn be in thi s rega n! l ik e the p 1't:Sl' n t. Docs t hi s me an that t ht·t·c at·c not to ]je p os iti on s fo1· the yo un g \\' Omen beca u se t heir br ot hers nt·c to hcca ll cd to the pl :tces? :'-Jo, not hy any It says, s impl y, to c\·<.' 1'." yo un g nwn \\'h o is \\'ill ing to deny h im se lf on thl· o ne hand and to prc pnre hi m se i fo n t he othc1·, th at a d oo r of usef ulne ss a nd o pp o i· l unit _v sta nd s op <.·n. It sn ys th at \\'hi c.: h a ll histo t·y tcnches, th at th e tn 1estci Yi li zat ion an rl the f ullest of goo d co m es to Lit H l p eo ple \\'hi ch s ubj ec ts it s c hilcl n•n a nd yo uth rl urin g !-' ch c)() l days to the I'C sttl ta nt of i nfl uen ces wh ich is fo n n(' rl fn>m the t1·ucst 11 ntl no bl est of w ome n \\'n t· ki ng- to th csn mc e nd w ith th l' hcst [ tn rl nob le st of mcn.

What the Boy Thou g ht About It.

There co ul dn 't lu n-e bee n mu ch to learn ; Th ere w as'nt mu ch to know. 'Tw as ni ce lo be a li tt le boy Ten thous and years ag o!

f-'nr hi;. to ry had n ot begun. Th e wo rld w us very ne w. And in th e sc h oo ls, I do nt sec whnt The ch ildren hn d to do

:\ ow. alwny s there is more to lear n! low hi:; wry d ocs gro w!.\ nd eyc1·y dny they find new th in )!S Tlwy th ink we ought to kno w.

.\ nd if it mn sL go on l ik e this I'm )!lad I liY e tod a y, f-' or boys te n thou sand years fro m now wi ll n ot ha \'C ti me to pl ay ! -!:;t Nichol as .

A Simple Test of Drinkin g Water.

:\n in q uir y has b ee n made as to a s im ple tc:<t for th L· presL nce of se wa ge in 'v a teL .-\11 rb·inkin g water sh o ulrl he te sted in to wn or eonnt1·y fl'e qu ent ly, a!' the t·e arc nth (·t· impur ities bes id es se w age whi ch arc qu i te cs cl c:td ly, nnd eve ry ci s te rn of wat e1· i!; li n hie to ben so urce of b loo d po iso ni ng - mic e. 1·at!' nnd ot her p est s m us t ha, ·c wa te 1· and many a cas e of t yp hoid is s et up hy such as th ese fal l ing in to the ci!' tcm anc\t"C ma inin g there fo 1· mo n th s in a d eco mp o sed st a te . To detect t hi s im put·e con d it ion is \' Ct·y sim pk and unfa. l ing . Or nw a tumb le r of wa ter fnl lll the tap at ni g ht, pu t a pi ece of wh it e lum p sugar int o it anu plnCl' it 0 11 the kitchen mant C'ish clf or a ny where th at the te mp e ratnr c wi ll not he und er 60 ckgr e<.>s Fah l'. In the mor nin g th e wntet· if pu t·c wi ll be p erfc e rl y c le ar; if cont amin ated by sewn gc or nthc1· im pu sities. the w at e1· will be mi lk Y. This is n si mple and sa fe tt·st, \\'ell l<nown m chemi str y.-Th c Pen ny %111L'.

The Money Burned Up in Tobacco.

Trul y, th e pe o pl e of the U ni t ed S ta les h ave mon ey to bu m. Th e of th is is the amount of mo n ey exp e nd ed annua ll y by t h<:m for loba ee <>, ln !- ;t y no tltin g of t he o th er m c·an s lh c:y hH \'(: rl<:n:: lop e cl for burning the c oin of th e t·cn lm Th ey spe nd every year fot· alon e a tot; tl of o\·er $3 8 4.000. 000. Th is ee t· ta in ly is an a!<to nis hing s um.

T wo-t hird s of thi s cno nnou s am ou nt of mon ey goes ou l eve t·y year from tht· pockets of the pe ople for th e consum ptio n of ciga rs alon e. S mo kin ga nd ch ewi ng t oh ncco co ns um es the lat·ge t· pnt·t of the n: ma in ci<.T , w hil e cigan:ts burn up the sma lle st sum ;)f a ll. The fi g ures ::u-e furni shed by the g ove rnm ent in the latest offie ia lt ·epo rt on the cond itions of the t obacco t rade . and t hey are vet·y su rp ri s in g.

In the fin;t place, the re we re man ufaclu t·ed for home co ns umpti on in th e lni tc d Sta t es yea r a tota l of 4 :-29 87'> 'J (l4- ,o '- ,( _,,) ctga r s. At that thi s gt·cat d oc s not rep r ese nt th e co ns umption ThPt·c were manufact ured the yen 1- hefon: o\·e r 120 000.000 cigat·s in exces s of th e n at ur al demand. Thi s was clo ne to eva de t he anti cipated wn r tax on the manufa e turcL I ncludi ng th ese mil lions of cigars the co ns umption for the _ve:ar s ho ws : 111 increase over the preY ious t wei H' mon Lh s of o\·c1· 100 .000.000 . Thi s mc :1n s th at the eigat· of the Unit ed Stales during th t· last ,·ear i nc r easc cl n cn t·h· t h pe t· n·nl.

But w hi le : tn

i ncn.: :t sc the re is :1 co ndi tion s entcrl in \\ 'hik Lh crc w l' rt' lour b il lion o dd ci.t.::trt·ttcs s nt oh·d in thl' co untt ·y d tt t·ittg the yc:t r 1 X!l7. the. ' cons umptio n fe ll oil' O\Tr len per t' l'llt !ll e :t ll ill g" <k t TL' :tSL' Of 0\'(.' t' -1-0Q ,Q(l(}0 00 l 'n k ss the nnli- eig an'llt' cr u sn dc is ah : tn dqn t' d or the l:t x 0 11 llw mo di l_y 111 :tttT ia ll v lcssc::nc d ther e.: i$ l ik ely to he : tn o th er sl untp in t hi s yc.•ar·$ ou tput.

Th ere is li ll ie if ;tn y dcct -c:tsc in :11ltotl lll of c ut s nHl ki ng tnbncco so ld. Des pite then .: is n hi g fnl l in g of-T in lh c pt·ocl tt c li on -of c ut to ba cc o s. Th is th at lht· che win g habit is nw d ec reas in g. An in ves ti gat ion pt ·o\-es th at t hi :; t$ trlic.

Th e ch ew in g of js co n fi n ed \'lT\' larg el y to dist t·icts . i.\ li ss o ut·i is the gt·cm ch ew in g s t:'t tc, wit h Kent uck y ran k in g seco nd , a nd Ne w Jersey ::tn cl New York t hi n] :1 nd fout ·th. EY ct·y one of th c:<l' states sh own big dc c rca sc in t he pas tyca t·. Misso uri ha s fallen o\·et· ti 000, 00 () pou nrls, Ne w Je rsc .v OYC J' 5, 000 000 , tu cky 4 GOO 0 00 nncl New York 1 .0 00 000 pound s. T hi s mean s th at the ch ewing of to bac co has fal lc:: n off n ca dy 15 per cent. in one y caL Such dc rtT:t scs wo ul d wipe it ont in pr actic n ll y no t ime.

A ll tog ctlH.T the cons umpt inn uf to b acco is fa t· hevo nd wh at il was in th e prc Yi ott:yca r :.u;cl t hi s ycn r m:t \' he ex peel ed l() Itt· bi n· ht-c; t ktT .-S t. L<n1i s l{ t•- .pul1 li c.

Why th e Sky Is Blue.

The n :aso n for the h h1 L' of the asgi n:nhy ,\.I I. tht· obse n·er iu to !'>p:t cc lilll: intl.'r·ccpted hy H nlll lti tuclc of p:tni<.:k!'> of noa t in g in the :til". Th e particles app c: t1· to he blue i:- th at thL·y 1'l'lh.·n to the eye lit e blu e lhcy form an h: tn-i tT. \\'hilt: tht· n·d or cn: tr !'> t'l' \\':1 ,·ed 1·:t ,·:- on. That thc 1·dk..:t:- IJ : tck on ly t he him• rays is clu e to thei r m ic 1'• J:' ('O)lie ThL• finer t he du st. the pt11'L'1' i:- tilt• hl ne \\'ltil'lt is n: fl<.:eu.: rl or s e: t ll t'1·ed. T ht• hi n est t )H:rl'f on·, :1 n: St't'n in WhLTC the dtt:-l p: trli cl l 'S arc sm :dkst: the hluv of li t" sky. as vic\\'C d ft·o m Lop !'> of clcl.'pcr and put·e1· tha n !'>l'l'11 fn> m :t l o\\' alli tud c. Th is is du e to the fad th:t l the : tit· i:; \'CJ'\' at gt eat hl:iglll:<, :1 11rl ca u on ly la in the hnu· p:•1 ·ticks of du st, whi le the l'Oar scr pa rti cles a h ound in the 1<>\\' LT k·\'cl s.

T he inte ns iL\' of the bl ue s);y for wh ic h Italy is no te cl is not O\\' in g to the e xis te nce of ti nc t· du st than in no rthe rn eo unl1·ics, hu t to the fa ct t hnt in northcn1 Jat itucJ l s, in CO n Sl'l(Ul'n Ce Of the gr eate1· coo ln ess of the ai1·. t he Y:tpo t· mo re re adi ly con den s es up on the du st particle s. Th ese pa rtic le s thu s bt comc l:u ·gl'l' ; nd 1<- ss e Ff ec tiv e in Lu1·nin g hack the blu e ray s alo ne. It fo ll,l\vs that o th er ray:-; n('cte d, a nd a g ra yis h effect is pt·ocl u c<.: d. When th e sky fo nn s a bac kg nnmd to 1· w hit e c umuln s <.:l o uds. it ap p ca1·s to he b lu er h _v co n tnlst tl u tn it o th envi sc wo uld . n nd af te r a wh (' n th e lo \\' er 11 111 is was hed of it:-; coa rse du st particles, Lh(.' r es ul t is a d ccp et· and put·cr blt·.c. Th e r c;t so n the 1·ccl s at-e promin ent at sun set is that the du st pa1·ticlesm·c b et\\' el..'n th e su n :md the an d t he h'11 es n1 T td H\\'ay f nm t hi 111 \\' hi lc till' tTds P'' "s unohstr u ctr d to h is ey e.- (;l o hl' -Dcmot•r:l t.

Tons of Postal Card s.

!<t l'L' ntl y a shipment of p os ta I cru·ds wa s at , t. Lo ui s po st office, <tntounting LO th r-cl.' ca t- l oa ds; \\'eig h t, ptll ut ds It co ns isted of 1 170 1:.! 000.000 c:trrls. and wa s Ya lu ed at S>l :.!0 00 0. The Post OAi ce Depart m ent h: ts th r ee dcposito 1·it•s ot· age n cies fo t- it s ):e\\' York. C in ci un :lt i,

Ohi o. :tnd St Lo ui s, :\ l issour i. Th e terriLo ry sup plied by t he Lo u is age n cy ind ucks all of the p os t oHi ccs in Illin ois, :111 ,1 in n il nf the states of the i\ fi ss i:-;. R i\-er. except Th e autounl of cm·cb in at Lhi s :tg.: n ey iu ,·:t i m· fr om $3 00 OOOto$500.000. The pr csc nl stock is 29 .875. 659 cat·ci;:;, \'a lu c. H23

It may be n c\\':.' to the a·\'era gc ci tizc n t lw t s ix l.i nd::: of posta l ca r ds ca n be h ad :n the main ollie<.:, or at of th esta ti ous -t he co mt uu n 1-ce nt p osta l card, the sa me wit h n t·cply ca rd attac h ed for u sc in t hi s coun t ry. a fo1-c ign 2-(.'l'll l ca t·d, and a fc)J'eign ca rd \\' ith r eply attac he d, 4 ce n ts, a nd a sm :t ll c;u·d ge ne t·ally us ed by the Ja dit·s Pot· the cOn\'enie n ce of bus in es s 111 c 11 and tho se who u se in lar ge qu antities p os tnl c nrd so n w hi ch th l· m essage is p1·in tcrl. th e co mm on bu s in ess ca rd is al ;:; o so ld in sh ee ts, forty ca t·ds on one sh eet. the purpo se bei ng to r ed uce the cos t of pt·int in g t lt crc hy.-St . Lo ui s republic .

Tf \\'e wo rk u po n ma rble it w ill p eris h; if we wo rk up on b rass. time w ill dfacc it : if we t-ear tc mp' es, th e\' \\' ill cru mbl e it;to du :::t; bu t if we wod; npon imnHwta l mind s, if we imbu e the m with prim:iples, with the ju st fear of Go d lo \' e of o u1· 1e ll ow- mcn we engra\·e on th ose ta ble ts some thin g whi ch w ill bt·igh tc n to a ll eterll i t\·.-Dn u id \-Ve h stcr.

C lifTcml Catlin , nl Co rdr l\·:1.

•;1-

O. j. Sta ndl e y. '" p ri m ·i p:d at lk nl< e 1man.

Ola B. Hugg. '9 •1·, is :tl O hi o wa for ano th er ve ar .

Dick Ne al. '94 is re pu b li can c <t ndidnt c for judge. l'\c· n1a ha c·o un t y.

ll c"s ie Maj ors. '\)1 i" le aching :tl l' c nrkt· l hi s y t· ar \\'ith \li "" \'an \·Ii ddks \\'rll·th. '()-!

\Vm Dobso n of the F ir st enr o ll ed in th e Hi gh School G rad uate

.;J.

I> on'L <l ela,· \\' <l:dd he un comfo rtab le stand in g (:Xl'I'C ISl' !<.

.;J.

Th e hugs and h l'l'S mu st he li vt:l y n hou t the No rmal; d se \\'11\' al.l pract icin g 111 ridin g bicycl e by She lcl on.

C. E. I<cy no lrl s. 'f)!), IS al E lk br:t sl\:1

Th <: cn JTidoJ ·s l ook mo re c heer ful an rl ,·itin g in t htil· Ill' \\' co at of kals o mint·

:VI i ss en li ne ther e. . Ilills, '9 7. ha s •·et um ed to

:\s :t ss is t:tnt in t he hi g-h s r..+

:\'I ts s I n:t :\•1. Ot-cull of the Ki nd rt'g' :l ' Cl:t ss of ' !)!) , ha:-: a good po s iti on as pt ·ima•·y tt·ad1e1· in the \\' :dJOo s chon ls

\\'. T I I o lm <:s ' !)() , lw s nc L-e pl ecl th t.• r cip : tlship nf the Hay schoo ls in pht l'C m ncl l' ntc: tnt hy t he ,·esign : ni ot' P. :.VI. Whitehead. ' 96 .

!vi i ss :V1 rn ·gnn , so l on g ol .• s cho ol, hc1· summ e t· in AnHI , \ ·o,·k. at be t· ht>mc . S he i:::: at• 1wting n not.lH'I' wint l'l' in Wn s hin g lo t C. so cnjo y; hlc did !; he fi nd la st wi then·.

Th e 11 <' \\' fun1ishin gs, e ttr t .:J. clnqwrie s, et L· .. f n1· t he reception nnd t •'

Th e :\ o rnwl Sch oo l h r: l icv t•s in cxp:1ns ion i '·nnms of th e Dn n11it o ry , gi v.e tn t t it s e nr o ll ment of 440 as ide frl)m r or nll s a mo sl in ,·i t in g, hom e hh• ap rom Lhc Pn tctiet· Sc hool , in the fir st tw o rt J1L•e, tha t did much we not i t' \\' ceks. a nd th t· number 1 s ill c t·e as iug opening cl ays of th e y cn r to w nr d da il v. ho 1 nt·sit l' fe elin g.

1\J r. C. C. lJ anfor·t h. ·a ,. is pr in cipa l nr Tec um ·ch nno ther· yc :u·

A ma nd olin club h as il<: L'II fo rmed wi th 1\ li ss S aund ers as :cach: r.

Hr oa d cr·oss- va lk ::: of sto n <: h a,·.: b.:en

lai d fr om both th e nor·th nncl w est e ntr-ance!; to the c ampu s.

Th e:: Chr ·ist ian C hurch h as a SL't tkcl pastor· in the R c.· ,·. Ch ns. L. Coo n >: , n g r·ac]uatc of D r-a ke U ni,·cr·sit y.

Mr La i\ Jon t. C hasL', c la ss of '96 wa s 111 to wn on b11 s in css thi s fall. i\li ss Minni e Ch ase, "95 , teach es in Non h P latte.

P r·of. \Vhit en ac k r·cnc \\·s hi s c xp ct·icncc of \\'hat it is for· man to ]i,·c al o tH.'. Mrs. White nack and Jam es ar·c Yi sit in g at her fo rm er· home in Michi ga n. ,_..;.

So me it ems of int er es t to rc ade r·s of Th e Messen ge r· m ay go unn ot ic ed. Make a note of them a nd ha nd in at the offi ce b efore th e fiftee nth of th e month.

P ro f. Be nedi ct. elect ed to fill the pl ac e of Pro f. Dunc an so n wh o is ab se nt for s tudy at Le ip sil·. Ge r·many r·csig nccl in Augu st to accep t an othe 1· p os iti on. P r·of. Sheldo n from the state' un ivcn:it y was ch ose n to fill the ,·aca ncy and entered up on hi ::: duti es at th e o pening of th e yc [ll'.

La te in A ug u st c ar·ds wc r·e r ec eiYcd , anno uncin g th e ma tTi agc of Mi ss R osa Gr oc lin g, a member· of the Seco nd Ye:1 r· a nd A. R. \V a tc r s. Th ey ar·c at home ct t Ca non Cit y, Co lo t·acl o. Ko mane! t hat Mi ss Gr qc Jin g showed no gt·eat to rem a in fot· the S umm er· Sch oo l,

Profe:::so r Po rt er 's r oo m h as b ee n recently r efit ted wi th a new s upply of cha irs.

\\'nr. Pa ni o tt, '9 6, is aga in candid ate for· co un ty su pe rin te nd ent on the fu sion ti t' h 't.

.\I r. C ole nwn. of the First Year cla ss hns bee n c:1 li ed home as witn ess in a c as e ill t'O UJ' t.

:\lr. Lo \\'n, la te of the Thir d Ne braska, ga ,.e nn in te r es tin g ta lk in th e P hil o. on Han lll ct H :1 r bo r.

E li wbet h Bratt, ' 95, h as accepted a posrtton as librari an in the U ni,·ers it y of Dak otn .

hli :-:s Je nni e William s, '88, spent hc t· su mmer in Minn e ap o li s visit in g he t· siste r, She wi ll con tinue to teach in Ne bnts ka Citv

E nr o llm en ts in the \V c llin gto ni an in clude a number· wh o were for m er me mbers of the so ci e ty , but wh o h ave b ee n o ut of s ch oo l fo t· se , ·ct·al y ea n :.

And now it is th e seco nd y ea r· class th al s ee ks tv fo rm a tnrs t. Th ey would c ontml th e co llect ion a nd dis tri bu t io n of a ll hu gs, but \e rfli es, et c .. for th is who le regio n.

Th e Ba pti st Church wa s cr o wd ed the eve ning of the t hi rtee nth in st ant at th e uni on r ece ption and SOC' ial gi \'(: 11 by the youn g peop le' s soc iet ies of th e c hurch es in 'f-. town. A fe a tur·c of the prog ram w as th e ap pe: u·n nce in t urn of we ll kn o \\' n char acLcrs in Lo ngfe ll ow'!:: poe ms as app r·opiat.: selec ti o ns w ere r·cacl and th eir· appea rance toget her· inn ta bl en u at the close.

The Pe ru lws as lc ac hcr :- , F nt uk Major s, ' !) 6, Je nn ie ). ! ard is, '90, a nd E fTic A bb ott, 'H 7.

Pro f. Gc o. 'vV. Ell is h as a p os ition in Lhc l'\ o n11 al S ch ool at as in st ru clor in tic ,;.

Mt·.J. S.:Vloorc, s late scc n:la rv of th t· Y. M. C. A. , visi t.e rl the ,\ ssu ci:t tion !t en· at the begi nning of the te rm

Jam <: s \V. Crnbt s·ee , ' 95, in .., p c<.: t() l' of hi gh sch oo ls. has taken to hi m se lf a wifL·, :\lliss Do nna Wi l so n nf Ne bra ska Ci lv.

M <: ssrs. C. \V Alclen and E ugene \1:1xcy h ave been atte nd ing eo nfe1·ence at Lin co ln, as has R ev . Co hh of the M. E. Ch urch. ;J.

Th e cl a ss in ph ys ic s so er ow d th <: kc lut·c I oo m of Profes so r Br o wn e ll thu t ev <: n hi s de sk h as been 1·em oved to make 1·oo m fo1 · chair s.

.f as. O' Co nn el , of th<: cla ss of '9 4, member of the F it·st :"! eb t·aska, f"n>m Lhc Philippin es and the ha 1·d sct·vice t.ht: 1·c h ale and he arty .

IJ IJ .\ l ik :--. and wi ll: ( .\I iss :'\utic Co nkle) an: in LIH:i1· ho111c nt. Hl: uH.: lwrn . I ow a wh e1·c .\ ! .-..\ I h:t s t:lll:.!ht h is grndtl:l lion.

Th e kc l11n: l' ll llllll iltLT h ns t' h :t\'l' Sl.:\'l' ll lll ll llhl' I'S in the CO lll'Sl' ag.ti n th is y c<t l". Tlt <.·1·l· is :t .!.!L'tles·:d dc :' in: th .\t CJf thcs <.· J, :1 lll lt :-< ic: tl nunlh 1.. 1'.

B ihk h:t n: been or ga ui 7.c d in both Lhe \'.\ f. C ..\. :tn cl Lit e \'. \\' C. A. {l wo :J SS CJ <.: i :tt iun :--. s t: 11·t t he y ea t··s w ur k u ull<:l· hi g hly f":t

H:.uT _v S hum ;111 , h1·nt h cr of \\' 111 Shu ll H\ 11 of Lhc Se n io1 · l·la ss ho me from t h\' :t ..\ lnu se 1· ln tll cl in fot· Lhe ha lf doz en ot· more leL·Lh los t a F il ip ino rincm Hn on th e firing li ne .

1\tl <: ss•·s. S pc l h1·i ng & J I osic, fo nm:r pul).. li she •·s of The lVlc ssc ng·ct·, h :t ve so ld tl w ir p rin t in g plunl nn cl Lh e loc: tl paper. tht' Pe nt Po int. e 1· , tn Bish op & Seeley, forn wr stu Llc n ts in the 01 o nn :t I.

Co mm itte es fn nn LIH: Assoc ia tions rl ili goo d se rvi ce in me etin g the n ew s tud ent $ t at nll tn ti ns. assi st ing Lh em in

He rbert C. La ne, ' 88, ts fir st li eu te n ant b oa rdi ng pl a ces and in giving ge m•ral inin the 51st I owa regim en t at Man ila . He formation com .:e rnin g the sch oo l. has di st in guished hi mself as a so ldie 1· lt as r ece.i ve d se ve ral prom o ti ons and ha cl the c_xp ericn ce of h av ing his horse shot ft·om und er h im on the b at tle fic lcl.

St ud e nt s in 1·et ur ni ng aft er v:tcnt ion note many ch an ges in to wn here and bv wav of im p 1·nvcmen t. In the $ a fi ne doub le ht·ick b,uildi ng ti n Th e Nor ma l Sch oo l B oa t·d n ow has a s t<, 1·c and o ffi ce pu1·p os cs is be in g rr <:ttt'll lo cal membe r. M r. Ro ge r s, whose fam il y 0 11 the co n1e t· opp osi tc the h ank by re moved here from L in co ln l ast sp1in g, ha-s B or st and l\1Ia1·cl i s, while ne xt the bn nJ, 1111 b ee n ap po in t ed to s uc ceed J. T. Spe n ce r, the north the hui l cl ing belo ng in g to th \Y h os e term had e xp ired. had Maso nic fr a tc rn i ty h·1s been rc bui l t w it h se rv ed as me mb ct· of Lhe co nt i :lu - nn iron front a nd an add it ion of t\\' l'nt\ ously fo r tw<: nt y- o ne yca t·s.

feet in the r ea r.

Waller Clt: ,·cngt·t· : tncl .\ lis:-: Car!K'nte r. of Y'-':t L were m :ll·ricd in Augus t. la ,.;t "t hct· h o111e n ca r \Y: ttso n. .\Ii s sou t·i. ....:.

.\Jiss Flon: nn: .\ f. \\'right s pent the in th e foo l hill ,.: of the :-\e Y:td a in nort hern C: tl i fo n ti :t . h :t,.: no \\' n.:tur ll(:d t. o fot· :tn ot hcr n :: tr

Ke nt Ht:t Ltie h:ts n ·,.;ign ccl hi s IH> >' t ll on in the high s ch oo l :t t Cheye nne . \\'yo min g. to a cce p t. a p os ition in t it ,· :\ gt·icullll n:d Co ll ege at Pu lllll : lll . n" i nstr uc lo t· in hot:ut , ..

Se \' cn:tl m: \\' h: t\T b ee n bu il t on the st r eet le ad in g :-: ot t th ft·om the i\'l.. E. Churc h. He re lht new h ome of j. P. G illilan and wife i\ lat ·y James) is ab ou t rea dy lot· occ up nn cy

T. F. Do bb s n nrl wife (M i ss V ina Ca non) a rc now t·cs icl cnt ,.; of Pe nt , iV[L Dobbs haYin g r es ig ned as p t·ill ci pa l of t he Aub unt schoo ls af te r put-c h as in g the ha nl \\' a t·e s tot·c of the la te H. M.

Pt·of.<; . B:1gg Beatlie, I3r ow nell , F ik c :1 n cl Whitenac k, \\' ith thcit· fa mili es , s pe nt the Au p;ust v aca tion in Peru. i\lf em bers r, fthc f ac ult y otherwise m ad e go od usc of the it· lime in vi siting th ei t· pa t·en ts, at home o t· w it h fri ends clscw hct·e. Mi ss Stone t· wa g at Hot Spt·in gs , So ut h D ak o tn, f or a ti me, and Miss Mea t·s du r in g Au gust wa s in the region of M inn es ot a. She m ade pre par ati on f ot· p nh:t ical n·co rr t·aiJhv wo d< b 0 as we ll as e nj ovccl herself in vis it s to lu mhe r indus tt ·ics: ma mm ot h fl o ut·ing m ill s. Turlian mo un d !" , st l'lt c ha t ch ct·ics , etc\

El i7. a \d son '9 , Emma 1\I o rn: l. 'H9. :\ la ud Glass . '99 1'- at ic hcphet·d. '99. and It·cnc Co \\' en at·e ut H olch egc Th e sch oo l bo :1 rd nt Holdr cgt.'. the n. is r c· in p: tn fo t· the ve ry gra Lifyin g co nditi on th at h as prc \' ailcd du1·ing the late \\'h en th ere \\·ere man \' more en I I,.; fo t· St :t lc :-\ ot·m::tl ch oo l tes , fitted fot· hi gh se hool \\' Od{, th{tn Dr. Hea tt i t.· t'o td d :-:t tp ply

The n :eqnion and !"I.> Cial gi,·en by theY. .\J. C .:\. a nd Y. \\" C. A. on the fi r st S attu day C\·e ni n g- of th e tc nn br ou ght t ogc th · cP tn p: tny t ha t fi ll td the chape l. So nta nY \Y<TC the nc.:\\' faces to be lcnt·n cd <tnd ::;o m: t ny t he greetings to gi ven t hn t the t im e for soc ial in te rcour se \\' :ls a ll t oo shor t. The occ asion ga ve oppot·t uni ty for all to heat· a nd to m eet the Il l' \\' teac hers Miss Sn u nde t·s and Mi ss Da il v. ..\h. Max cy ga ve two r ec i tatio ns in di: tl cct ns he can so we ll d o, and Pr ofe s:::o rs Fi ke and Bro wn e ll wet·con the pron1.

..\iliss Em ma S. \V nitt·. Su pe r in t en d ent of Pnt ctiec, at the b egin ning of th e ycat· to acce pt a p os it ion in Salt Lake C ity . All co nn ect ed with th csc h oo l r egret th at she is n ot to re t ur n a nd fee l th at the scl tool loo ses n ,:ct·y su cce ssful teac her. lVli ss A nn e M. Gosh en has been cle ct crl to fi ll the v aca n cv Miss Gosh en wa s late Supct·intc nd cnt of Pr ac t ic e in the \Vest Ch este r. Pc nn sy I va n ia. No rm a I Sc ho o l, is her· s elf n gTa cl u atc of a no nua l sc h oo l and of the Un i\' ers ity or Mic higa n, nnrl h ns spe nt t li e pa st ye;11· in p os t gra du at e work in the Lel an d Stanfo rd Uni ve t·s ity.

] D. Bishop

9/o rmal School Vire cto r.!/ .

socie tv Dl rectorv.

C:\"EI!E"I"r. l" l lll.cniAT IIIA :-;

Pn: siden t

t\ellie Col e Vice Pre>: idc nt

Cora Wi lson . ............... ... ... Rc..: ordi ng Sccrcta 1·y

Ma tt A1urphy ....... . .... Corre spondin g S c..:rctary

Jos eph i ne Tynon :....Trcas un:r

Ne lli e Craig C1·i tic

E. E. L 0c kc:L Prcs id cn t Et ta Fi sheL \"i cc !' res ident Fra nk .\funday .. . .. ..... . .. . .... R c<. o rdi ng Secret ary

Verne Vance Se rgeant-a t-A rms :\ c lli c To wn c Cm·rcspond i ng Sec ret a ry I Jo hn \V at t. Trt•ns urer .Ada G ibso n Li brnri an

Blanche Tucke r Libn\rian Fl o 1·cncc G ih so n Cri tie Y. c.: • •\.

T. 0. Rinkcr Pn:sid c nt

.Marie DeY o ung..... . ......... ........ .... Vice P1 csid e nt

W. \V. Buckl ey .... . ......... . .... Rcc o rd ing Sec retary

Cla ra Wallac e S c.:crct::u·y

Ka tie Bo yd Treas urer

A. C1;nk ........................... . ..... Scr gc ant-at -Arn1 s

Emma Greely Critic

C!CERO:-;!A:-;.

Clarence J. Be rk ey

Pn: sidcnt

F. A. Leepe r. ..... ... .... ..... ............... Vi ce Prcs id cn t

J. B. Wescot t ........... ... .. . ..................... .Sccrctary

Frank J. A1unday Trcasurcr

J. \\" ..H ill cL .... .................. . .. .... .. .. .. .. ... l 'rcsidcnt 1·1. L. Ban- ick \" icc Pre sident

T. S. Rub otto m Sccrc rnry Prcd C1·owlcy Trcnsurcr W. D. 1'!/cCunc Con ·cs pond i ng Secre tary

Y. \\".C \.

Sarah A. Do wen Pn:s iclent

Addi e D. Dean ... . ......................... . Vice President Ctm·a A. De nn ..................... Reco 1·d i ng Secretary Con\ 1 lil l.. Co n-cspon din g Secretory Edna :.\1itton Trcas urer

normal School ;:acuuv

.

J. A. BEATTE!, LL.D., Prc sir/cnt, Et bics, Educatio n a nd Pedago gy

LILLIAN U. S·ro:--:ER, ..

.............. Pl·cccptrcss .J L. Natu1·al History

HERBERT DROWNELl, , u. s. , Physic al Scienct: E. A. \VH !TENACK, A. u., Gc r ma n F. Hosrc, ................

I-Iistory a nd Geography

Engl ish Language and Li t erature i\1 A'l"f!E Co oK ELL IS, .....

]. M. HOWI E, A. n., iVI athcmatics

Es THER A. CLARK, A. Latin Language and Li tentture Gos trEK, .....

...... Superintcndcn t of T1·ai n ing Depa 1·bncrc t

L. W. PIKE, A. Psycho l ogy and Pedagogy

MARA L. FEnGu s oN, ................ . ..................... . ..... Ari t hmet ic and Algebra

GEORGE N. PonTER, A. u., Engli sh Lan guage and Lite1 ature

PEARLS. KELLEY, P ri mary and Critic Teachet· LO UISE W. MEA Rs, In tc n ncdiate and Ct; tic Teacher

Lo u E. I-loS:IlER, and Critic Teach er OcEAN DAILY, Rcading and Elocntion

HENRY H. BAGG, A. n., ..... . .. . ............

............... ..Dt-a "l.v i ng and Paint ing

ULA M. SA UN DER S, Vocal Mu s ic :\-I. DAV IS, ....

.......................... . ... . Iu s tnlmcnta l Mu sic

ELVA E. RllLOK, L ib r al;un

ENGLISH TRAT N ING FOR TEACHERS

. n_, . ./ F. Jfo ...::ic .

(Kc:ul tlu: t ) l· tobt.'l" 11H'Cl 111 J.! 01 tla• :-;up cr iu ll•nth•nts :ual As.:-onciatinn, h t.•ld in L inco l n.]

Tll

E

lopic ll :l lll l' d f:o 1· Lhi s pa!Jc r

gcst. s a \" l' l".\" \\" Id e pracl ica ll y no of lhc :-:ulljc.:cl of Eng li s h, I s upp ose , t. h al may n ot induele d. I t. \\"i ll he po,;sihlc :t n cl desi r ab le for me lo to uch up on o nl y t. henl t>St i mp(ll·tnnt. pha se s, and up o 11 the se only in ou tlin e. I s hall ns s um L· th at En g li sh in<:lud c.:s t he Eng li sh a nd Eng-lish litcratu1 ·e, o1· t he t.c.:c hni c.:::tl, c.:o ns tnH:til·e, and in tc qH·<.:t:1t.i ve pha ::;es of Engli :-< h. The I hnn:: in minc1 is the :1\·cr ag-c teac her in th e public sc h ool!-;, cit hc.:1· in th e g rade;;, 0 1· in t. hc hi g- h sc h oo ls that cn nn ol l' mpl oy spec iali sts. L mean to includ e a ll s uch t cac hc,·::;. h owevc1·, wh ct h c1· thc v haY C classc::; in En g- li sh o1· n ot, fo r th ey :-t rc : til hou nd to t eac h Engli sh of so me sort, and do so cn•t·y d ay of th ei r Ji,·cs. in cla ss nnd nul of it.. Thi s teachin g out s ide nf ci:l ss t hi s uncon s ci ous tuition, ht• it s aid is b,· I • 1111 mea ns of sma ll impo 1·tnncc in dc.: tc nnining t he with th cc hil dl·cn. Vet eve ry teac h er h Hs imperati,·c nee d of the hcst tt·ainin g in Engli s h, n ot o nly because ()f he1· influ ence 011 hc1· pu pi ls. b ul :d so fo1· the snkc of h et· ow n su cel·ss. s tam ps a pc.:1·so:: ns unkttet-c.:d :t nd uncdt tl'Hll'd 1110\T qui ck ly 01· more su1·c.:ly than ::t b ungling a nd i mp e rfec t u sc of hi s .n ot hc1· lo ngue ancl i.!..!·not·nn cc of the litl·t·Rry

\\"orks of hi s 0 \\"11 co un tr yme n. Eng li sh nwr co l·cr ,gi Yc oue n eeded b1 ·ett dt h :t nd ot1tloo k, a nd s en-c to prese nt the i ntio ns of the ntrio us su bject s of the t·o urs c.:. On the whole. it is n ot 'too mu ch to""-'" no 111atter ""h :1t the ab ili ty in ot hc1· directi ons. to be wea k in Eng li sh is ,gc ncl·a ll y s peaking. to be on ly ha lf a teacher.

As fo1· th ose \\"hn ha,·c to t eac h English in ns 111 0st public sc h oo l tcnchc rs do, there is need , n ot o nl y th at th ey be we ll in s truc.:tccl in the s ubj ect- m atte r, but also t lw t. t lu.: y h nYe clear idea s as to h ow to pt-e se nt the \':t ri o us pl:ases of the su bjcct :ts \\"el l. Thi s is t ru e, of co urse, of all s ubj ec ts in a ll sc h oo ls, but it is n o..,v hcrc a mo re i mp ort ant principl e than in the teachi ng ,)f En gl ish. Fo r Engl ish is not ma inl y a f< ct s ubjt·ct, and it is not prim m·il y a cliscip liwtry su bj ect, though it h as g n·nt po ss ibili ties of inte ll ect ual di sc ipli;1e , g1·nmmnr for exnmplc. Tnke n a ll toget her there is pcdt a ps less of s cience th an of at·t in it in wh ich in st r uctio n mu st he give n. And w hil e the individual m ust he co nsi d(T Cd in cverv pa rt of se h oo l \\"O I "k. the re is I th ink , no othc t· place \\" h ere natuntl tcnllcncy, cxperi(·ncc.:. ln,·i,·onmcnt, tc m pcnun en t, a nrl tast·e count fo 1· so mu ch <IS ll CI"C Th e pn)hlc.:m hc f01-c the tcn<" hcr of Eng li sh pt ·e-

e minentl y is . not ho\\' to ad a pt the \\' ot ·k to a class , hut ho\\' to fiL it LO each pupi l in th::tt cla ss E,·ery one will sec th at this is so in co mp os iti on, and pe t·hap s \\'e sha ll a ll adm it it in liter n lure as well , if we co ns id er that th e pr i m: u·y end in view, in s on e n:s plTL s \\' i th t he rest of st.: h oCJ I \\'ork, is qui a: clii'l i: n: nt in o th et·s. \'cry many of ou r sc hool s tud ies a nd tasks aim ehieOy at the c ultiv : ttion of t he in tellect or the body; litlT:t t un: is : 1(1drcssscd ma inl y to t he scn s ibilitic s. li ene e in teac hing it there is need of unu stwl delicacy, tac t, nnd sl,ill. One mu st l<no \ \' wh at not to do and \\' hl·n noL to do it quite as well ns wh at to do and \\' hen to do it The s pit·i t ual nat u re of n c hild is no t to be su mmaril ydiseipl inccl intoslwpc. Wi se-hand ed s ki ll is necessary, an d t"C: tl sy mp athy and dclit.:rtl'Y of fe el i ng .

These t hin g wi ll n ot come by much theorizing as to ways a nd mC [Jll !' , hut rnthcr hy actua l ex p er ien ce, expe ri en ce in t he fir st place in the st u dy of ·lite t·atut·e with one who is at least somc\\'hat wi se and sk illful. In othe r words m et h od s mu st come hy way <•f good pe dagogy . go od ins tru ction in t he su bject it se lf, and s uch su ggestion as will co me hy precept an d exa mple ft·om one who ha s in hi s cha •·gc th ose wh o a rc to teach hi s su bj ect. In the e nd eac h one mu st a nd will w or k ou t meth o ds fot· hi m se l f.

In this paper, then. I sha ll sa y noth ing further of methods disti nt:tl y a nd scpa ra tcly co n !'i cl et·cd. In the di s cu !'s ion of su bj ec t m atte r, h oweve r, one mu st 1m ply mu ch as to m et hotls of pre s enting i t. Tht· tw o a 1·c so •·elat ed in pract ice th at it see ms unwise to separate them in th eo ry

TEC /ll\I C.\ El\GL!Sil.

It goc!' wit hout saying th at a tcaehe t·must kn ow very mu ch more abo ut he r s ubj ec t th an she expects to te ac h. Ce rt a i11l y th is is true in the teaching of technical English. Nn m :t tt er wh et her th e work is in the lo\\'ct· th e gt·amm ar gr ade s, or the:

hi gh \\'It o do cs good \\'CII'k h as tlHJ t' ot •.:..:-lt p n· pa t·at ion fot· it Tru e th l· in the lo\\' l' t' grade:: is wh o ll y in f'o nn:d . llu t wh e th er it he info nn :d or f'" nn:d o1· in l·ide nt:tl , as so m uc h of it th t· kn o \\' wh at ri g ht (; no\\' w lt y <.T rt: ti n and he lt: t hi tu:tll y i tt ri ,!.!ltt In one w :t y ot· :tn o th cr t tT ltni l· :t l English i::; t·n tl.· t·in :..: int o :-<c lt uo l wo rk :1 11d e\Try ·It er n tt ;.! lll to h <.· a tolet·ahk of i L.

To tii :J :-< l l.'t·y. one ought to s tudy f'ot· one thin g. tit._· hi stnt·y a 11 d ckvclopntctt t of til t· la n guage. t\fn st of Olt r pt-e!' c nt and us:tg'-' ::c :tn he r ea ll y olt ly i11 th e li gh t uf their l lttt 111 : 11 t,Y :1 pt·ess ion not only c kat· hul :1 m atte•· of ct tt ·iot ts illlcrest when its hi story is T:tk t· the p nsscss in· si 11 gular and plttt·:tl of for :t tl l'X:ttnple. .\ nd ma y I ::tdd in that s tt dt :ts l am wo ulcl clc:tt· a grcnt dc nl of Olll o f' I II II' that \\'Ollld nc \·cr h: t n: h c:t· n thc tT if out · grnn tm:ll'i an :;: h ad kn own lll ll l' h aboul E ng·l ish as llt t• y dicl :dJo ll t Lnt in. 1 am twl u1·ging lit e st udy of com p arn li,·e philol ogy o 1· so me o th er blc t hi ng, I nm plead ing fo t· eonscil'IILiou ,; study of the Eng li sh l::tngu ngc:, such st udy as mo st pu pils ca n mal•c wit h the gt·cHlcst pt·ofit in thclatlct·)-cars ofthe hi gh school. n ncl in co ll ege. \V01·k of lh is k ind is now be in g cl one in ma ny It is ht·in g tHgccl V(' t·y n otab ly 1n the t.:i t'l' ll· l ars se nt out to the pt·cpnralory by the: un i vcn,ily of Kansas. I hclic\·c it 1s h ou nd to come, not o nl y n prepnra. ti on fo•· te ac hin g. but fot · its ow n snke m ea ns of <lcvdopmcnt :tnd :1 prep nt·ation fo t· a c1 v a ne ed s 1• u dy. TIt nl t hct·c is no t e:-- t \\'e ll s ui ted to th e is a hi" dr ancc Th at or l't·o r. IS , fat· as I kno\\' , thl' b l·sl; hu t this is hl' lt t'' fo t· n·fcn:ncc tlt:tn t'ot- n hand - bo ok In J,,, \Vlt :tt is need t' tl. :1 :: tl

to mt·, a hook containin:::- a clea t· a nd rea so nabl y comph: tc :u.:count of the histo ry a nrl d evc ln ptii L" n L of t he 1:-tnguagc . comh in c.: d with a l11 ·ief h11t :- ehol:u ·h· a nd c:cic nl if ic t•·e: tllii L" tl t of En gli:<h gr a mnt:ll·. 'o lo ng as :-o m a 11 y of o ut· g•·:tck tL':tc hc.•r,; conw direct ly from tla: hi gh th e.· kin cl of W< >rk I ha \ "l" in dic:ttc.•d llllt"t he done th er e, :tnd a l:t hk lex l-hook will he fonh co m i n g. Ji.,her" fo t· tlw t. \\' c m: ty ll l t!'l th e puh · Bu t in any L'\T nl th t• hi storit·n l s id e of :-tm ly ,;h o ulcln ot ht n cg ll'c t ccl. I who eon :-o di l igc.:ntly lhl.' ):'lllg'll:l,t!'L• of tltt• (\'otn:t!l!', wiJ ) !'lll'L'h· pro fit by the ,.;tn dv nf thei t· ow t; . .\s I ha\·t· :tl l'l' :tcly intimated. pn·pnl·ation for tc:r c hin g tc.·c.·hnic:tl shou ld includ e a dvan ce d gr :t ntnt:ll·. a ly SC ie ntifi c of the snhjccl. II ere the hn:-i ,.; nf sonnrl in:-tn1ction in t"lemc nta1 ·y l angu:1gc.·. Tl1<.: lt'ac he1· who h ns had such n c<ll ll·,.;c k the :<c ie ncc.· upon whic h is founded the :r•·t in whi ch !i hc is trying to gi,·c instn1cti o ti. co nfidence will in:<pin: c on fidence

J-lc..T0\\' 11 and h c.·tlt r wodc Sun·ly he•· own inlc1·est in the !it ucly oflnng u :1ge wi ll eontrihutc to th e.·

I'C:< ult. the ln·cadth or ,·icw to w hi ch she h ;1s :ttU1ined will gi,·c new c ha mctc t· a nd cli:<ti n ctio n to hc t· wod.:. One of ou r most serious clt·:twhacks in all o ur wo rk to-day is Ia< k of exnc.:t know ledge, of 1-c: tl depth :tnd th o1·oughn css. Thi s should he ITmcrl icrl, and it l.'n ll he, \'ery laxgc ly, hy g i, ing due nttcnt iou to sc ientific Eng l ish gmmm:1 1· at th e .-igh t s tngc of the woulcl - be

That s tage is ce t·tain ly nut the eig h th g rad e. Seicntific gn tm mar is r·ca lly app li ed logic and applied logic is n ot n s ubject s ui ted for study by ch il dr-en of fo urt ee n. They m ay memoriz e stntc mcnt« of principl es ; they nw y he led to think o ut a goocl mnny things fo r· th em <:c ]vc s; hut th ey ca nn ot m astc.T ,!:!,T::t l nm ar·. Tlt l.' \' would far-e b ette •·.· in rkccl in so me rc!'peels , with or Latin.

l'<lll )cJ lll l' lll OI'i Zt: illfl c diOIIS, :111cJ

w0 ttld be mem o ri z in g to so me purpose. .\Iu ch of whnt l h:wc sn id of g ramm ar app li es to th ose utatt e rs o ffo ntt whi ch nccump:t uy wo.-1' 111 compositi o n. The te:td t c.· r· ::;ho ul c.J kil o \\ - ea pi tn li z ing, pum: tun ti ou. the u sc of the hy phen, wordbn:aking . iu cle n tntio n fo r· n ne! ma rkin g the ;;ouncls of le tters. She oug ht to be :llltho t·i ty on ll'tt er and bu s in ess fo rm s and cor r ec tl y prepa r ed m an u script. Sh e sho ul d hen hie to pro noun ce ord in a ry wor ds and be able to show h er pu pi ls how to do s o. She oug ht to be profic ient in these tech nie nl things. True they are only n tntlc r::: of fonn, to be tn ng ht incide n tally in t he 111:tin: hut if they n1·c sm a ll m at ters in th cmsc.·h -cs. they mean s to an en d, nnd they h an• an educati ona l ntl ue of their o wn 13 e:::idc;;, the tc acl tct· who is ma stc 1· hct'l' is ju st the o ne wh o will sec to th e:oc t hi1 ;gs in t he prope •- w ay nnci at t he pt·o pcr tilllc.', with o ut mnkin g mc t·e textbook w or k of it and thus was t in g m: ,ny a pneious ho ur. To in sist on t hot·ough prc pnr·nti on in these th in gs is re a ll y to gain time n nd enhan ce Teachers who n re p .-ofic ic.:n t in tcehnical English \Vill c:a r-c for sneh mn ltcn; in all the \yot·k of th e ir pupils, nmlunlcss t hey n•·c cared for in cidenta ll y :-t nd in eve ry clas s. th ey migh t alm o:ot we ll not he enr cci for at n ll.

CO :"STRU C TI\'E El\:GLISJJ.

Tlt ev th:l t

p 1-cp n ration for teaching tech ni ca l Engli sh is in po r t:tnt bu t co mpo si tio n makes n mor·e irnperatiY c dem a nd. He re is a pr occ s tntl y co ns trn c ti,·c. hi ghly ,·al ua ble in educatio n indi s pcn sn blc in p1·ac tit·al life, n nd n possible so ut·cc of ple as ure a nd profit alway s. By t his m ea ns the vario us lines of me n tal act ivity m ;1y be unifi ed, th e indi,·iduality of eac h pup il111 ay be d.-awn out a nd nil the 111 cn tn l actiYitics sy ste m nt i zc cl, ,•ivifi ccl , a nd d efine d. And mo1·c: thi s wo1·k may t• ain t he aest heti c se n se, the po wer of obs ervat io n. and the hen r·t i ts t·lf To lead n boy to e-x p1·css himanrl yet sponta1tc ous-

ly a nd natura ll y, is no smal l ac hicvm e nl. Fot· s uch wo rk adequ ate tra ini ng is extr emely n eed ful a nd enn hardly co!'t too much.

Xow what sho uld thi s tra in i ng be? Tlt c ans wer is fo uncl in the na t ure of the s ubj ect i ts<:lf. Engl ish comp os iti on is chi efly an arl. the lar ge r clc m<.:nl s in lh<.: training mu st hc those filled to dc v<:l op tnsll· an d sk ill. Th .: fir st will co m <.: ma inl v fmm th e s tudy of lh <: m as ters th<: s ec o nd fr om judiciou s practice in writing a nd speaking, prac tice unde•· s uitable cond i tions, direc ted to defin i te e nd :, and subjected to wise a nd sy m pathctic c•·i Licism. Thcrc n rc geniuses, no dou bt, who have bec o me gn .:al writc •·s and s peaker s w ith out a teacher, but s uch rare s p<:c iml'n s n ot a sa fe b as is for genera li zati on. reachers often s tul t ify a nd inh i bit, I rlnr c say. hut is it n ot b eca u se th ey a rem o •·c eage r to pull up the weed s than. to watc•· and cul tiv a te the gr owi ng plan ts? Cr iticis m r nm s.urc , docs not increa se in valu e in pt:oportlo n to the c t. t f d . , JUan 1 Yo •·e 111k employed. fhcr cis •Titi····s f th . · m o c con !'t ru ctJ \·c as wc 11 as of th<: d es truc ti ve so rt, a nd it is rr r ow tn .,. l tr ust i 1 r d e-, n• · , • •avor an u se fulne ss. 1_h•s kmd of help the t eache r of compo sitiOn ought to be prepa red to give.

Kn ow ledge of co th • ur se, ere must be, cxaC't k.now lcclgc of the principles wh ich dctcrmli1C good writ i ng Thet·e arc sta nda rds to be se t up, ways of procedure to be learned. te sts to be a pplied. Wh at I am co n tending is that these tl1 1n o-s ·t . .,. mu s not be s tu cit ed ap a•·t fr om const c·uc li ve wo rk an d fo r Htcit- own sa k <:: s. In ot her word s rh eto ric mu st be s ub s idian• to co mpo si tion , a nd, the text-book of ;het o ri ca l thco•·y, a b oo k of •·cfet·ence in stea d of a ha nd-b oo !< for re ci tat ion as an ac co mpaniment to fo rm;tll ec tu •·cs on ho vv to wr i Lc. If conning the pa ges of Waddy oc· Ge nung would produce authors, \-\'e should by thi s time h ave on abundant cr op in Ne bra sk a. Rut the p•·incip lcs of goo d wri t ing wi ll be very much mo re li kely to :drcc t the act ual

JK-rfnrm:tn t·l· of tltt· !--l ttcknt if he lead to find thl·m fo 1· This h '-· m:c\· in gr eat do L l· l hi111 ba,.:c thco•·ics of com tion tt pon t·x:t 111 pi es of s ucce s sfu l wr i ting as he find ,.: thl•Jtt in good pr o se- at 1111\.T :tlion :t nd his guid e.

But wl· n!lt sl not nn: rlnuk th e t':tc L lh lll cll•mp oo... i till n is JJt >t only a fo rcn of l')(prcssion hut :tb •> :1 Lhou .!.! lt t A gcwd m :c nne1 · of \·in.!! thi11g s is nt :tn il\.',.:lly of lilllo.: va l ue il.-one h: ts n ot hin g to s: ty Ouc· young pco pk who an: to he tc:tclten; llltt:<t lc: tc·n tn thi11k Ottl , lo clc\·clop and oq.{:t ni zl· ick:t ,.: . (;oCJ d ._·lo.::c r. lo>gi l·:tlthinkin g n1u st pt'l'l'clk c.x pn·,.:,.:ion :tnd r ca lh· co 11cli tiun i l. A h:td thinker <:an itan l l\· he a gond \\Till'J. o•·

Do we : dl inst an ces co nstantly or bungling expres ,.:ion in o u•· ._-!ass-roo m s. wh ich arc.: c vid cntly lhc Otttcome of hn zy ickas , o1· 1 fenc· , of no idcn,.: : til.

:-.!ow tcn e hcr s mtt sl he clc:c r th ink ers if they wo uld tcnc h ot hcn; to th in k. Th ey ca n ha.-clly get ch il d•·c n to clo well what th ey c.:an n ot do th e111,.:c.:h·cs They mu sl he able lo t hinl<. to w•·itc, ancl to And thl·y mu st know, to o, how to g uid e: ot h ers in becom i ng good composc •·s. To thought, a •·ou se intc t·l'st. nn cl lead to definite r es ult s- th ese ac·c th e fir st things.

In the se co nd p la ce, as a!J·cady incli c::tlcd, teach ers must be tt·aincz cl as critics Th ose wh o arc with public sc h oo l work kn ow full wc ll tlwtat lwc scnt composit ion i!' n ot hel pfull y c ri ticis ed. Wh en one sto ps to t hin k of i t, the quantity of v. rill t' tt wo rk that is done, w ith no clcf1n i tc pu rp ose and ha nrl cd back with o nl y a fcwcorrc c li ons in spe lling o •· pnn c tuati o n, if it is lwnd cd hac!.: at al !, is real ly appaJiing.

I l cc·e is cnet·gy e nou gh going 1 o w as te tn n :<rc.:nc ratc the world a lm ost. For Jll•lh"' in g cou lcl be fal se th an to :<l tppo:<t' that 111n ch writing JH> matt e•· of wltnt so t·t, you w•·itc. will rnakegood wrill'r:<

On th eco n u·ary it will fix the mo :-: t gl a rin g faults so tha t tl n:y cn n h anlh· be re mo, ·cd. TI H: cx c.T :-< i\T and lno :-:c u ::; c of adj ec ti,·es a nrl th e ntis-u :-: c of con ncct in::-: a reco mm on cx: ttn p le,.; . It i,.; qua lity as we ll a. qu antity tha t coun t,; in t·ompn siti on stu dy. \ \' c must ol hnth. t he wo 1·k of cri tiei,.; ing productions is nlways :1 l nng :t nd l :tho ri o u,.; tas k. For thi ,.; 1·caso n. ,.; incc it mu st he do m·, o ur teachcn; ,.; hon ld kn o \\' how to co m;cr n: thci 1· eiH:t·gi c,.; . Let them r ctnc tnhc r that a li tt le good \\'O t·k i,.; be tte •· thnn much p oo t·ly do ne. CotTcla ti on histo ry , scien ce , : 111 d li tc t·atu t·c w il l go fa t· tn so lv e th e di fTi culty. In the h ig h se houl the wo rk sho uld n ot he le ft cnti t·eh· to th ose wh o have in English. .A ll sh oul d hdp . Fo r ex am ple, lwfnt·e th l· hi st ot·ical na niti,·c· is fin a ll y s ubm itt ed, each pupil s ho ul d bcd i rcc· tcd to go e'tt·cfu lh· oy er it in cri ti cism of the Engli ,.; h. And \\'h en th e wo rk has been go ne ove1· by th e tcnchet· of his tory as to subj cct -ma ttc t·, the manner of arra uge rn ent a nti pt·escn ta ti on and t ec h ni ca l ma tter s sh ou ld he l oo ked t o. Perh aps a more p ate nt illus tra ti on m ay be f 01 111 d in the wo rk of transl nt in rr a forcian la tt rro 0 0 uage. La tin tca<.: hcrs. fo r exa mp le, sho uld in the c nrl acce pt no thin g b ut th e best En glis h a p upil ca n gi ve. It is ju st b eca use boys and gi rl s ha \' C b ee n a ll owed to fe el that English is fot· th e E ngli sh cl ass a nd nowhere el s e, that so lit tle pt ,)g ress h as bee n made. In the wa y I h aYe outlin ed :1nd in o th ct· s imil ar w ay ,; this id ea c an b en·movcd , w hil e at th e s ame ti me th e hu t·dcn is dis tributed and th e n ·a l r esu lts c nh;mcc c.l an d mu l ti pli ed. S oml' sc h oo ls use th <:Sl' plan s a ncl w ith the gt·ctt test s ucce ss and .s nt isfac t ion. Co mpo si tio n wo t·k ca n he do ne an d we ll. done too, if we o nl v belie ve in it and plan fo r it. T hi s I su re we are a ll co min g to do.

l N'I'EH PR ETATl VE E NGLIS H.

In this di scu ss ion in tc r pre t ati vc English is pl nc l' d las t h ccn u se to me it h np pens to

be th e m o,.; t in teresting :wd im por ta nt of the su bje c t. As I th ink of it, th e s wd y of liu:ra t ure has a g- r catc t·edueatio n:. 1 Yal ue. eo, ·ers a wi der fi eld. a nd is more i nt im a tdy relatt•d to life th an c ith cr of th e ot he r fo rm s of English wo rk-1 a lmn ::; t >: : tid Tha n any ot hct· fo rm of ,.;c h oo l w01·k. There nn.' here , ·er _v gr eat p ossibilirie>: of tlw t rue st cul tur e, cu l ture of the min d :tn rl of t he he art Th ro ugh th i,.; st udy we ma y do mu ch to pr epa re o ur boys nn rl g-i rls fo t· theit· pl:t ces in hum nn :-: oeict \' Through it. a lso. we nuty q uicken and bro ad en the in te ll igence . we m ay dcYcl op ob sc n ·ation and im ngin a ti o n: we may c ul tivn tc the ne sth etic tast e. the fee lin g for :w dj u cl ge me nt of the be :-t ut iful , in fo rm in thought and in sp iri t; the will , t oo . tnny he st rengt hene r! by putting id eals n nd n wt i \'cs be hi nd it that wi ll co m pel it s cxc t-c ise: n nd nb o ,·c a ll we may appea l to the lin er n at ure. th e s·piri tunl pa rt of m an its el f. Wh at bo ys and to- day n nd me n and women to -mo rr ow w ill •·cad, it is large ly o urs to say. And to ca use that th ey sha ll rend. n nd that they :- ha l r ead right t hin gs, a nd th at th ey sha ll r ea d th em in the rig ht w ay. is to deten nin e very largely the ir ch aracter and u se fu ln ess. At the same time it is to pl ace in the ha nd s of th e peo pl e eYe r yw here :t m ea ns of the hi ghest and s weetest pleasure. Thi s is cer tainly no li ght thin g. One who un de rtak es it oug ht to h nYe hiah "' i dea ls, s trong faith in th e possib ilit ie s of the wo rk a nd a neYcr halt in g cnt hu sinsm, balan ced by a good sen se ot h um or a nd homely com mo n sens e. Such excell ent qua li ties m ay be none too co mm ou, but s uit ab le prep ara ti on wi ll induce them wo n de rfull y.. a nd such prepara ti on should by a ll mean s he had.

Th e fir st r eq uis ites to the successful te ac hin g of li terature are t as te n nd po wer. One mu st r ea ll y u nders ta nd a nd enj oy or th ere wi ll be li tt le in spir ation in th e t eac hing and fee ble gr owt h in the p owe r of appr ec ia tio n on the p nrt nf the chi l dren. It

is well ni gh usele ss lo urge that o ur t·cadin g cla s!;CS be gi,·cn n othing that is not worth reading for its own s ak e so Ion /.{ mo st of ou r teach ers nt·c nolgoo d s tud e nt s of liter a tu r e. Pup il s ca nn ot be led to appreciate pnctt·_v wh il e the ir in st ructon; an: u ot them sel ves sus el'JH:tbl c to thecm o tio nal appeal of the ma s terpi ece s, nnd, with untrained im ag in ati on, nrc n ot ahlc to :tppreciate the l mlh anrl be auty co nln im:d in them. Li tera ture i,.; not for info rm ntion, it is not th e la nguage of fact; it [lpp c al ,.; to t he imagina Lion rather than to the 1·cason No matte1· wha t n tcache t· may ha vc h ad . if she ha s not enjoye d th e s pecial cu lt i,·:ttion t ha t co mes from the st ud y of li teratun: it st:lf, she is not r eady to teach it b ecause she has not experienced i t. Site ca n not lead the way bec ause s he h as not hecn th at way her self. lu he 1· hands t he wo t·k will not he the r ea l plea s ure that it mwht ,.., to be; and if it is n ot th at it is almost n ot hin g at :t il.

There is, mo t·covc1·, ano ther very imp ot·ta nt reason why ta ste, at on ce k ee n, wi s e, and ca tho li c, is in dis pen s ab le. Se lection mu st be ma de of th at which will be a pp 1·opri ate to a give n d ass an d to the conditions surrou ndi ng it. Thi s selection mu st be made in most in st ances by the teac her in ch ar ge. 1.:r ue we· h ave cou r se s 0f but th ey cannot s afely be wholly unifo rm or inflexible in choice of sel ection s for s tudy. cc t·tain limi ts teachers mu st al way s be left ft·ce to ch oo s e.

But what do es thi s often ,·cpealccl ca ll for detailed sugges tion s as.to the re ad in g m ea11 ? Docs it n ot indi cate that our teac hers kn ow too li tt le about selecting and adapt in g pieces for s tudy? Th ere is ab und ant mate rial and plen1y of bo ys a nd gi rls who need i t; but th ere is t oo little definite kn owledge of j ust what t ha t need is and what wi ll be st s uppl y i t. \Vtdo h ave some 'exce llent new r eade rs; IJu t they mu st al ways be ada pte d, no mattc1· h ow well th ey arc g raded nn cl an-a n gc cl . \Ve ha ve , too, sev en\ ! cxcc: ll e nt e diti on !" nf

E ng li sh fo r h igh and g- r nmn ta i' sch oo l: lll tt n nt the :"\ cw Engl nud

Con fc i·l·tH:e h: as a n ot ion a!' to h ow the se :ti T to he d is u·ihu tc cl lht·ough lh c ,-.1t·iou s ,T:t 1·s. Thi s di st a·ihu lion will made d :1y . : and yet no can t·,·cr Il l· 111 : 11k th :•t will fi L : til in :til sc h ool s. :-\ o1· d o> 11 11 1· S• >-ca ll crl cri uc.:lln rs :a !w: 1y s tn kn ow what i,; hcnlthf111 for c hil dn·n. .\ l oi :d to ne as well .l$ !-> kill in mu st he c:• n.fu llyc o n$ idet Tc l. Th e lc :t<: lt c1· mu st finally d cc irlc. nnd it wo uld hl· welllhnt s h1..· he :thlc to do Stl IJ ou ht lc ss II Hll'l· y<HIII.!.! wo uld pn'parc alon g this l ine if the c 111ph asis in our cou 1·scs of sl tHiy : tnt! in ou1· cxn 111 in nt iun >' fo r· ccn ific:tll' s were nol pl :1<.: ed so un dul y upon ot he 1· t hin gs s halT of the blame. L l·t 11s n il IJl'nr our Let us. to o, he to stu dy th ese p•·ohl<:ri iS and seck thci t· s olu tio n.

Uut it is n ol so ha rl nft c•· :Ill. I< em nr kahlc ndv:tncc h: 1s hccn marie in the lnst few , ·e[u·s. One need n ot he un du ly opt imi sti t• to proplu:s _v grT: tt thing!-; f(Jr t he Chan ge s ha ve been comi ng t·apidly. Thi$ is, I t hink , becau se cct·tain idt'as about lit crah u·e h nvc become more clcnrly de fined and mo •·c widely knowu. Let 11\t" tt·y to indi cate so me of the m.

Fot· one thing. '"'c lutv c co me t0 rcn li :tt' th at not t tl! that is wt·ittcn cnn be c-n ll cd Iiterat ut·c and that the reader s in co mm on u se h ave not been, in the main, made up of r callitcnltul·c. In ou1· pa ss ion fo t· we had cut antl fit a nd m ade to o rd ct· uu. ti l we had wonls with the t·ig ht numlJL•r ,,f sy ll abl es nnd se n tenc es with t lu: numbc1· of wo.-cls, arrnngcd with just lh t· right d l·gt·ce of co mpl cxi ty; but so mdt o \\ a ll the li fe a nd ch nnn had ,·a ni shed · :\ nt ur ally so ,fo l·li tcnl tnrc isn t made to onkr It gn)\vs . So we lwYc p1·ct ty gencrn ll y 1'\ sol ve d to slop feerli11g t he child ren t' ll hu sks n nd instead gi ve lh cm cor n.

This t·csolul io n de m :a nd s, ho we, cr th,lt we mnkt· selec tio n f1·om the gn·u't body ,,,

\\Titt cn p1·o du c lion s: tnrl so we 11111 !' l kmn'

wh at li tc r atun.: \\'c m:ty iL by i t!'

If th e authtn· of a ll to g in: us aest h etic hy of truth a ud h cn u ty \\'e c:1ll hi s prod u ct ion l iuTatu r-c :t nd an art ist. Li tc t·a tut·c. thl' ll, o ne of the fine a rt s :wei we ktH>w what it goo d tnr an d how it mu st appt·o:tc hl·d. :u·ti!' t h as a mc ss:tgc a nd :1 sk ilfu l! a nd beautifu l way of g i\'in g it to u s. Thi s and the beauty in it s we !'ha ll s uccccd in appt·opt·i:lt ing by tllt.: [ tn s of the inwgination. fn t· all of t he t.:rl·a tion !' of art : tre id ea l a ncl in t' Oncn.?te forms T hin k Y<.: nf wo uld by no llll'a ns ignot-c the thoug ht clement wh ich is al \\'ny s pres ent and o ften prom i nent as in the essay. But in the end we s ha ll find o tu ·sch"Cs in not of ab st r act pr in ci ples but of type s, of trut h a ncl be auty, ideals of ch;lt·actc t· and co nduct.

Th t• n, to o, in mak in g our se lection we s ha ll fi nd th at ki nd s, CHCh with i ts o wn ehat·actct·istics a nd put·pos:.:s. In one so t·t the autho t· has d es it·ed most of a ll to te ll a sto ry; in an ot het·, to express hi s pen;o nal fe e ling ot· that of hi s co untryme n; and in a thi rd he chie fly des ired to p or tra y human ch antet et·. These k ind s with thc it· cliffct·cnt pu rp oses we m ay !w ow , and we mny b es t s tudy each ft·om it s ow n point o fvi e w.

Whatever our Eng li sh co usins mny th i nk ab o ut i t. we Am et iean s haYc pt·et ty ge nera ll y come to be liev e. I th i nk , that litcra tut·c ca n and sho uld be st udied ; n ot ot hct· th in gs an:, pc t·h aps , hut in it s ow n app r op riat e wa y. By s tudy we do n ot mea n mere r ea din g as that \\'Ot'd is o ft en us ed. In tct·pr t·ti ng l ite r ature is not a pa ss ive pt·ocess but a· trul y co n st ruct i,·c o ne , \'(' ry mu ch l ike that of the <tuthor him se lf.

To fo ll ow the se nten ce the dictio nary me aning of the wm·d s and tlwir relat ions, i mp o t· tn nt th ough it may b e, is hy no me ans the wh ole of i t. T hi s pt·occss i.:; not sn mu ch int ct·p•·et;• tion the l'nsis

for it. \ \' c h ;t ll lind the m ea ning in t he pi ece as n wh ole, in the pnr ts as they are r elate d lo c: tdt ot her and the whole, nnd in the min or as theY find the ir signi ficanc e in o ur experience. S uch wo rk cnlls for tim e nnd care and patience. \Ve must be to po nd er n nd \\'cigh and t·o n:.:idcr and wait for li g ht to come lot th:-tl we mu st dl'lld ge and grin d. Fa r fro m th at. \\'e mu st ha,·e li,·ed up to the pi ece in ha nd or near enough, at leas t, th at it can b eco me the express ion of o ur feeling a nd our as pirati o n. Many a hoy h as pars ed and nnn ly7.ed Tha n atop sis, fo•· cx nm plc: hut I do ubt whet her many h:t\'C C\'<'r rend i t. It cannot become his p oe m b ce nu sc :;uch feelin gs an d r eflection s hn,·e tlC \Tr come to hi m, nor h as he r cnc hc d the age wh en they can r eadily . he l·:dlcd o ut.

Of eo urse boy s and gi rls may be ta ught to r end nlourl Yc•·y diA1cu lt things But rc nrling 11 lo ud is n ot so mu ch re a din g as "'i \'i na ex pt·css ion to w hnt we h avea lrea dv "" J n:ad. A_ s an expre ss ion of ou r fee ling, a m ea ns of sho wi ng o ur id eas, it is m os t vn l nab lc and in di spensa bl e. But when boy s a nd git: ls perform it acc o rdin g to d in·ction nnd exnmp le as a mecha n ien l dri ll , it s infin i te ly le ss ; ce rtni nl y t oo little to occ upy so lm·ge a porti on of the sc h oo l-hoy 's t im e as it h as cl one a ll th ese yea rs.

- It follows fr om a ll thi s, d ocs it n ot, th at one who is to teac h r ea din g mu st be trai neel to n·n d, a nd th at th is tra i nin g can co me o nly by mu<' h st udy oft·ea l li terat nre, such s tucly as wil l find the he a rt ofit . Certain·ly this kind of st udy w ill not bt· c hiefl y hi sto t·ical or lin g ui s tic or bio gra phica l 01phi lo so phical but cr-it ical, is to say , litc..a t·y. And this stu dy mu st be varied as w el l as i nten s<' , broad as we ll as dee p. W hi le on the one hand th ere mtt st he i nt<:'rpretation of minot· cl eme nt s. t he smallc 1• unit s of ex press ion , th ere mu st also be 11 11 • ul ys is of wh oles, of lar ge r element !> , a nd a st udy nf types o1· kinils S in e by s id e wi th

the intensive st u dy of th e more coudcusc cl and s uggest i ve· pieces sho uld go di se ur s i,·e re a din g ofcas ic1· thin gs th at there m ay he lar ge r expe ri ence a ncl a mo re firml y eslabhabi t. No r mu st IJiogTnp hy aud hi sto ry a ncll a ngu agc· Ill: wh o lly ignored . In o th er wo r ds the danger of gTi nd :1nd 11 1t rn th o1·oughncss is to be csc:l]>t·rl on the one ha nd whil e s hallown ess an d sc nl im cntn li ty a rc p nssecl hy on th e ot her. It m ny he added th at fr om such d nss w<nk a method of teaching wi ll unuouhtt:dly he more or less clc·arly fo rmula ted, but let 11 s sec to it that th t: studc u t-t<.:; Jch er d ocs n ot become unduly ri <: Yo tc·d tn an y me tho d. After all. the met hod is th<.: man. Let th <: stu dent he de ,·otc cl to the st udy of li te ratun· fir st and En:ntunlly , as a tenchcr, he w ill wo rk ou t a m et h od of hi s 0\\'n.

This, in a gc ncr td way. is the so rt of training in li terat ure ou 1· tl:achc rs should have. H ow muc h of it sh ou ld he dem a ndeel , h ow many m onths it s hould co ntinu e, what s electi ons a nd h ow ma ny sho uld he s tudied, I s hall h ere n ot a tt<.:mpt to say I ha ,·c o nl y tried to state t hL· p1 inciplc s th at mu st actuate a nd guide the train ing, with such illu stra tions, far too few in number , as my space w ou ld pe rmit Ci rc umst ances mu st decide in eac h c ase how n ea rly the id eal may he atta in ed_ It is dea r, certa inly , th at the re mu st be a g oo d de al of intelligent s tudy of literatu r e, a nd th at the fundam en ta l p ri nci ples o fli temr y c 1·iticism

an d a IIIL"thod of applying them sh o uld he we ll in h:tnc l. r\ dcl to thc:c some catholicity of t :t s le. rca on nble kn ow ledge of tlw l·hilcl' ,.: n:lliJJ"C, a nd n degr<:e of ski ll :tn cl wisdom in app lyin g-lllL'I\ns lo

If the,.:<: n: qui r l' JII L" ll ts ,.:ec n1 hi gh let liS r eme mh t: r· how n111c h is al :-:t:tke Th eyo u ng person who asst JnH:S J'l'!-' JHl ns ib ility of forming th e ta ste and nwuldin g the characte J- of c hi ld re n. mny we ll be r·cq uircd to prepare fo 1· il. \\ 'nu lcl th al the of ou 1· sc ho ol s might : tlwny s n .:: ali7.e th e i mpo rt ance of such pn:pn1·ation aud wh at it

IJut 1 do n ot bel ieve th ese stan dar ds arc to o hi g h. Th e a nd su ccess ful dTo 1·Ls ma ny arc putti ng fo rt h in these d i1·ections th cco ntra ry. Th e o ut loo l< was nc ve1· mo 1·e fa , ·oJ·able than now. Wh at is mo st n ee d ed is ca r l'ful cons icl e.-a tion of a ll th ese que stion Let· 11 s h ave wi sd vm as we ll as enth usi as m, commo n se n se as we ll as new i dea s. Vve mu st co mp ass the whole su bject of Engli sh in a ll i ts bear in gs th nt the 1-e m ay be consc 1· v in g of e ffor t, pr oper conclat ion of act ivities, and no nclv an cc ste ps th at mu st he n .:: tr accd. There is dnu'"'Cr th at otH recen tl y in crea se d in teres t iu b the teac hing of Engli sh m ay suffer fr om the 7.ca l of it s fri e nd s. We mu st sec to it that this sh all nc.t he so. In a ll th ese mntters it is yo u1· p1·iv ilc gc and mine to len d a haml.

Tru th is tough. It w ill not IHca k lik e a bnhhle, at a to uc h; nay you may kick it ab o ut al l day, like a foo t-b a ll, and it will be round and full at eve nin g. -Olivcr Wendell Ho lm es.

AN AFTERN OJN AT THE ..CRAIGIE HOUSE."

t :tll i a.:..:i n c. tlh· th :i ,:.: 't t <lf t!w Su tior· C b -. :\ C \\ 11 i 11 \'it:t -

lllll ,.: \H I'· , ft·o nl .\ l r. :tnd :.\ Ir·,, l<ieha nl ll:lll a uf C:ulll ll ; t:t :tl't t T· niJrm Lt• a. \l r·..... ]l ,tn ;t 1:- the -. ,•t·nn d rh ug ht t· r· of Tht· ]l:tn:t m.tnirm 'lllcl :.!T O Uil tl" : ttlj it t tl!:tt nt' Lon:..: li: llnw' s holt!'l'. \\ l' It \\ ,, :t l 11 i;.: lt t .! •1: ,. t!.t y wh •n lto :tn lc d Lltt· t·lt:ll 'l lt,d \\ hi,·h t ool ll' to t h<· l:t q.:,t· ,.; qu :tn· in ft•nnt r th e.· ltnu:-e :111cl \'lllliu t:t nditt.:.: :t lin· \ it' \\ of tht· h t.: •t ut iful Ch <tt·lt:-: lO:i\'l 'l' , :tnd l: ro•>klint· 10 tht•

\\'l· \ \' l rc t •l t h l' l'l'l' <p io n room: \lr. a nd \I r:-:. Il:tn .l ::t l(l .\Jj,;,- Lo ngli: llo\\' rl.'c.'r iYt.:d ll :- n_tt •" l co nli: II \'. .\ ft c. ,. :1 1\:w llJi l Jnl'lllS • L'flll \' ll' '- :l l ir ll I \\'L \ \' c. tll l.:d Oll r way to lhc hiJtllL' of tltl' 1 Jt> t' l. J: nT\' one l, ao.; n.: : l!l of tht• old ll o ll,;t•. on lir:tttl<.: Stn.:ct, wh i ch i ,- llt:\\' :thout 11.) .\'l·:t•·,; old .\ . w e.· l 'lllL'l'L'<I tht· st:tll'h· lt:tll tad1 with :- ubdtH d Y<li t·t.:. .\ t uur· right \\':t:- :t \'LT\' !nt··.-t·. t·lc.·":tlll of--.. \lr L" n.!..!'kl'Ci\\' ,_j Lt i tt !.!' in :1 cha ir· hi,; chughtc1· Ed i th. no\\' I> : 111:1 ,;>attdin" by hi s ide. It i ,- :1 vtTy IJ L' :tutiru'l pnintin; anrl one tlt.:\'e t· l ooking [t t th:tt jllln.: <tn cl gc.·tttk f: n'l'. On tltc othet· -.ide of tht· h: tll i·: :t J, , H,k t·a:-:e :tn rl \\' L' tlltl'l forgL't lhe "o ld clock on tht.: !-ot:t in-:." which is o..till thltT.

The ,.:tudy at tht• ri,!.dtL i,; n l:tt·gt• squ:t tT ro<>nt, tltt.: \\'ails w:ti n sL' IlL L'l l in \\'hitc, :t nd p·tper ol n cl:t;·k t:ttl. The1·..: ;1n: se\·t·ntl large ft·anH·d \\'ith drnpery · of d;rrk rt·d. In the eL'Illt· r ot' tlt l· J'OOtll a rnun ltah'e :-t: tnd ,; with ho Cik,; ,.;c:ttlt' t'l'd n l, ' ll t l, tht.: ink ;: l: lltd th rt l 11,.:t:d IJy Lcmgti·ll•J\1'. \l Pil L' (lr tl"· roun t su, c, 1 !t is 1 csk :tnd tlt c "old :rnn dtair ' wlti l h \\ : t,.; 111:1!1<- f'r ont t. lt t: fun!< >I! ,; ehc,.:t nu t lr<t.: . lt i,.: u ph,J -: tc.·!·c.·rl in k·ttlt e r: in t he hack :m rf :tl Cil! t,T i·: :t k·:llltiftll

,., n r ql lT,. t.: nt ing hon:e chestnut and lk,.:irle the ch:tit· wa,.: a

\\ .t>' t c•-p ]ll r h. t,.kt.•t \\'h il!h had on ce belnn g..:d tn Th1 ma,.: .\loon·. On the <ksk w:t,.: a ... mall ,.:tat Ill' This nHHtt "'·'" n ,. ul \\'n,.:hingtnn for :1 rc,·, ptiPn

\\',• tlt,·n intn the lihrn ry. a l:trge n \ c·nrn ,t· rnnm Tltt.Tl' \\'t'l't' port rni ts ,, fSut ,,n,· r. II: t wthontl'. Emct ,.:on. n l :u·ge

lll':l\ttiful pn i nting of Fnlls. Th,·n· i ... a l>'<l :1 pm·tr:til of Li,zt \\'ith clnd;. hackgro nnd. lit• wn,; dre,;scd in a t·nlw. holding a lighted candle far aho n· hi:: he td. .\ gmnd pi:ttto stood in l? ll t' ,.,, rttl'l". Two :-id,·,; of the room \\'O.:tT e• •\'< n·d with lmoh·:t,.:cs. In tht· d ining nH 111 \\ ' lrt' ntrc· old piece,.: ofdtinn. Then \\'l' ,·n lliL' to :1 \·-t·y in Ll.:rc,.:t i ng room . tl tl' om: whidt wn,.: Lndy \ \':t,.:hingtnu',.: dr a wing roo111 dut·ing lcr ,.:tay with tho: (icneral in 1.-':ttnhridg·..:. The papc t· i,.: nhont :<l\'lnly-fi \· ,· yt•ar,.: old. Tht· fnrnitun• is uphol;:tcrcd in cr eam bt·oc: tdcd ,.:atin. Th t•t t' i:: ll lim· p:ti n ting of the three :.:ir l::, \l it·t·, Edith a nd \llegra. On the ,.:idt.: w: tll :t l.11·gc gorg, ous pain cing "Th t• Gr :t nddti ld n:n ofSir \\'m. l' o.: ppe rill." .\ ,;mall IH•;·tmi t of :\f rs. Craigit·. \\'ho.:n : 1 yong l:tdy callc.:d fonh a lillie.: r·o nwnct' t'!l llll t'Clt'cl wit h h lT . wh it• h \I n<. Dn nn ITl: ttt•cl in a Yl' ry ch:tnning mnnnc t·. \\'h t.:n :t gid . ;\l i'" Sh aw li\·cd at :'\:t n tu<·kd.. did n ot m:tke 1it ueh with htT 'l'k and l,;l!in. whidt 111:1ny gitl:-did not slucly tht•t t. lf <r fnthc.·1 ,.:ent to Har-· \'ilr Cl for :1 profi:s,;or to l'O IIt l' Jo\\'n du ring· lh t· ,.:umtnt-r tn ont h,.: to ao..;s ist her. This plan dirlnot n•,;ult as her· fn the r h ad c.•xpct·tetl. They t<:ll in lo\·;.: lwt her parntt-: \\'l't'l' ' 'lT_\' ang r y. ,;o :: t·rtt the :'- oung pntfi: ,.:,;or a wny to repc:n t. I 11 a few wi n t t' 1·,; t h \.' y c. lilt I g Indy \"a s st nl L, 1 Boston t ; cnll'r ,;ot•iet \' . She wn,; \'ll'\·

ha nd some and the belle of the s ea so n. :\L r. Cr aigie fell in love wit h her and she ma rTied him for his mo ney, nec ording to th e wish of her parents. Aftt·r hi s d ea th :\ Ir s. Craigie r ema ine d in the o ld hou s e, afl e l·wa rd own ed hy Lo ngfe ll ow. "nd r en tcd rooms to student!< .

On co min g to Camb rid ge. L ongfe ll ow \\T nt to the Cra ig ie ho use a nd applied fo1· ronms li e lo oke d \'erv \'o un g so t hi nkin g he w as on ly a stude;,; shc rcfu !<c d, hut wh en he to ld h er th at he a profc s s•Jt· ntHarv aJ·d .s hegn\' e him the room th : 1L hnd hc:en us ed hv \Vashincrt on lt was . ,., afterward s the nurs er·y of' th e p oe t's c hil<.lrcn.

Th ere we re ma ny ,.a ,·e a ncl int er es ting n:l ics t oo n ume rous to 111 e ntion in th is sho rt n rti<:le . \\" t· wa nden·d i nt o the old g arden !' till bl oo min g wi th fl o \HT :< . nncl do wn tlu.• hro:Jd nn: nue sh nd ed hy sl nt dy o ld t.:lm :::. ,\ ftel· :- t riJilin ;..! t h1 ·nugh t in: \\'l' wen: :-lT\'erl \\' ith dvli cious refr es h111 ent !' . It s oo n tilll<: to s ay "fnrew<: ll " lo thl• grand old h ouse :111 d the cha nnin g d:wghtcrs of o ur po et . It \\': Is :1 r ed-let ter dny fm· us: it s cemcd tha l \\'l' w<:n.: Ji ,·ing in the 1wst: it :1\\': d\c nc d n g1-calcr und crstnndin g lo\'c of the hcnutilul life of till' pod a nrl hi s so ngs.

"DRIPPING SPRINGS."

H1 · Oc:cn n lJnih ·.

TH E

gr·ca t book of Na ture is truly H fascinating a nd won<lcJ·ful st ud y. As man adva n ces in contemplation of the higher. s ublim er work s of c rea tion he finds him self up on a bi'Oadc r plane where hoi v Natu re seems to te ll of an everlasti ng a ll - powerfu l God, that pr esi d es over the d est intcs of the un iver se.

.Docs man e\·er so fully rea li zl· the glo ry of God and h 1 's 0 · 1 . 1. wn mal i 1ty to <.lo aug ht wo r thy fav or in the sigh t of his Creator, as when g a· · zmg , en r aptu red, u po n so me wonder ful s pe · f , . cune n o th e Maker s handiwork? TnLveling in the R ockv :vr ou ntai ns one sees •Tr •md eu th 1 · • ,., c r at Jeggars desc nptiOn, but eye seld - om see s a sp ot m ore go rg eou sly beautifu l tha "0 , ,. n n pp mg Spnn gs 111 Indtan Territor)' '1'1. I· · liSp dCC IS about ten miles fr om S il o '"' am '=lpn ngs , Arkan sas, the n ea r est t own a nd excurs ion partie s frequently dr i ve to it feelin g amp ly rep a id for a ti 1·eso me ,-id e ove r, perhaps, ns rough roads as can be found in th e United St at es , when th ey beh o ld for a 1110 • me nt this goa l toward whi ch they ha ve j nurn <• yed.

One pc1·fed d ay la te in s um me r n pmty of friends a nd myse lf dnJYC from SiJon m to 01·ippin g S p1·in gs. Lc:lVing o ur ca JTi a ge s ne a1· the s pot we followed a n nrno w, difficult p at h down a st eep the da n ge rous desce nt occ up ied all our atten ti on nnti l the bottom was r eached, then t he sp lendo 1· of the s ce ne hurst full up on us

A more brilliant, mnrc splendid panorama than that sp r ead i ng befo re us it seems imp ossible for hum an mind to ton cc ive Towering a huncl1·ed feet seem in g a lm ost to touc h the st r at ulll or hill owv clouds susp c: nrl c cl in the the ma ssiv e r oc k w hi ch appcn red to ha vc bee n ho ll owe d o ut by some prl'hi sto ,·ic vo lca ni c en1 pti on. fo rmin g a of cnve ab o ut thirty by fifty feet, with II he ig ht of pos s ibl y seve nt y feet . The roof appca nxl to be one solid rm·k hu t co nt a in ed myriads of t in y t hr ough wh ich dripped water as cl cm· ns crysta l. The si des and b ottom of 1: he cave were lin ed wi th vc h·cty mos:>cs. of h crt \l l\' :1nd \' Ori -

tty, nnd nf \

A littl e rcm o\-c.:d f n1111 fair·y n>om a sma ll st re am of w:r t tT k:r from rock to ruck, fnllin g in the: m·ighh o l"lu>O d of fet-t a nd fo rming :r rtt ini:nnn: r·in: rn c.:nr the l'nt r ancc to the en \' t·. :\nd :::trca m. shado wed by giant th at h m·der it upon one s ick, gk :t ms townn l th e t\"e nin g- sky o ve r wlti c lt de parting So l nnw casts hi s fi rst f:rint lints of co lo rin g. adding, as if hy ma gic. :. r hu e thnt qu ite co mpletes the of the sce ne.

As I gn%c c ntt ·:rn n ·d up on g randeu r· and li sten tn the rlr·ip . (lt-ip of the wate r, th e fa in t of th e hr·:.ur ch cs nnd th t· c hatterin g- hinb pl ayi n g- in and ab o ut the ro c kv ca \·c, the s un si nk s l owe r in the w es t nn ;l gr·ow t he sh ad es of violet du sk: the "woo d t hnr sh ch ants one mellow dcsc: rnt mon :" ni gh t, " half n<.• hulous," cl oses on: r· al l. : tnd the c hill y e ve remind s me t hat rm·lan cho ll y autum n is at ha nd,-th at soo n the fr ost will bl ac ken th e la nd sc ape, t he le a \"C S bec ome sca r· and bro wn, the fl o wer-s with er· a nd the co l rl. harsh wind s s we ep th,·o ugh the ha re hm nc hes .

Pe rhap s n il thi s is e mblemati c of lifc;t hc glor ies of youth b eco me sc r·c fall a nd

arc rlrin: n :t way by the rushing wiud s of rli;:co nt ent: the fl owers of h ope dr oo p nnd wi tite r. blackcued by the· fr os ts of disa ppoiutme ut: plca::: ures onct• so lurin g. like Dend Sen fr ui t, fn ll to nshe if we aga in atte m pt to euj oy the m: sce nes, once loYe ly h cco me br o wtt n ttd di sm al. aw:t iti ng on ly r it e sno ws of ngc to hid e th em for en:r fro m o ur perhaps , he re and th ere. so me r di c of th at happy past uncoYe r cd. whi ch lik en lifeless , lea fl ess flowe r !' ta l k. picrc iu g t hrough it s icy mantle. remind!' us all the mor·c of wh at li es buri ed un dc rn cnt h: the wind chan ts t he rcqu it·m of dcpu r·ted h opes a ttd the le aden s ky hn ugs like a pall OYer th e to mb of d cpn rtcd 111 ur ct".

But th ough e ac h pa ss ing seaso n le nd s i ts d wmctc ri stic co lors to the p ic t ures qu e D rippin g S pritt gs unlik e man those gra nd old hill :-.

"R ock-ribbed a nti ancient as the s un,' '

s ta nd on for age s, a nd t he \\' ate rs drip a nd fl ow, r·cga rdl es of the pass i ng y ears, for

"i\ len ma y co me and men m ay go, Bu t they go on foreve r ."

Th l:! C hri st i an faith is like a g rand cat h .., dml with divinely pictured wind ows. wi tho u t, yo u see no glor y.' n or can p oss rbl y_ rmagin e an y; sta nding w ithm , every ray Qf hght n !veals a har mony of uns peaka bl e splenclnr.Ha,ythomc.

THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

v

\ II> of the State \or.nul of

Pullfi>.lu:rl 1•.1· th e: l:a ,·u{L_, fJII Lli<· fit;,.,.JJL!J rJ/ lfu.: nrr.r.th.

J. A. BEATTIE, Ed1tor.

J. D. Bishopt

Lnf c.: r .:t / 11L tlr :1l f•t.•ru, ;, cc.·r#rHI·L·I·l'"' ., Ill<. illll 'tlt.c:r ,; l cents n year .

.\n: some thin gs i11 tt•a ching ancl 111 gaining knc•\\'lcrlgc wh id t in thL· lnn:st nH:asurc cn n l1e e allul funcla ;oh tt. al while other thing-s may he spokl·n nf :t s in no !;pceial fundanHnt:tl tilh<:r in dwracor rc.:];,tion: If t he n·pl y to this qucsl!on i:-: yes, then it nwy ht: :, s kecl: \\'hat an• some r,fthc fun ' am<:nt:tl th in ••" \\"hiL·It cntt•r into th<: t<:aehin ::: thnt the history of the· Unitt:<l St:1l' sis the suhje<:t lu he Ulu)!ht. what funcl omcntnl quc·s tions can the t<:achc-r as k hit11st:lf as he tuclies the da <:s ltc is to guide and the ksso n he is to teach?

In the liorht of th•· ·I· 1 I · 1 1 ,... c fl Je cc , Lo he in"! rue ted Lo 1 • 1 • • ><.: 1l. to he ennehed, to he t raint:d, to h.: quicken ed in mental lif(: to ht· aw·d···n·' t · ' ' U 0 lll O J";d rd·ltHJilS and tc1 1- l 1 . , • or pro.::-;L"n anc tu tu IT r('spon,.ihiliti..:s tho.: tl';tchu· nw \'a sk him-.;df the following f]UL·stions: ·

1. \\'hat sh all I l<.ach to- el m· in this ic:-:son i 11 thl' his ton· of the l" i t"d t - · .., a <.s wh i('h 1 as si gned Ycsterda v ·-

.,. Why ;,m I- to te;tcl; thing-.: upcJil whtdl I h:1 \T rl('L<:rmin erl in tl ti :-; k"s"n? II')\\" J tc:tch th·tl h:ts been sck·nerl so :ts l<J ju s t il:\' it s and to the il(!j>l'lt\"[11 or ''whv' I haYl' iu mind.

\\'It It d. :II 'l" ; II any. :-;h:dl

e·•,nnn·t \\ ith t ',j-. J,' ., \\"iltl tl-. il :•n : ... !l:dl

li. IJ.,.,,. :.t·· tl1•· v t•· t,.. he appli•·d :11ul w i1:1 t r :.. I. :1 • t ht· k:tchL r. ck'lle l!J f:11d "I" J,:, Ill• ' 11,.., .,f t!H•

I '.\':1· t r. tt-. :tii.J \\"i l 't! r, !&ti,n:-: oi

f:tt•l· 11 l i-. k 1111 :l'"l' l• • Ll' ·"· \\' 1.' h:t \, .! :1'- 1 h,· sdct·tul th,.., ,··:et... : 11: ::11· ,. r· tltt.r than ,, Itt.· ... :\\"!J;It 1-. t!Jl' n·J:ttioll I \\TL'll tht• It I • ' • l ; 1o' 1 he· ,._., :11 Ill '. t 111 :1111 lll

t<·:• c I c 'j',, ;1i1: ill Ill:• kit a , r :111:-:\\'t.:l" tn o::or:ft ,,f tllt:-l' lllllL' :1 pri1wiple 111:1 \' l.l. k cl: Thl· htJII" 111 ld ; ti l ··:t'"l 'S .c)lJ'L'Ild:O: IIJlOil tht• \\"Jiil·h j,, ::11 o·!l.'IIH l)t ill e :lt'!J Ulll' of the tllr.c· f:1l"ln1·-: i:J nluc:.tion-1! proh!un n·h:r l r,f' tltt.· teaeh.:1·, lht• ;l'flfl l ni"th o· )'ttpil :tncltltc 11·/J;tL ofthcsuhje ·t·lll;tLtT, ; 11111 :d :-;o til e \\'h \' 111 :111 th n·e.

T lt;:-o ;.:en r al 111·in t.· ipk \\'hich l'O\' lT:< ail uhH:il ti onn I prnl JIL·t ns is f'unchmt:ntal all(] not only ,.. o ilul it i:l\" (1 1\·c:-; S"< Hlll' olhu· l' 'lll : t! !y ftt tH!: ulH"II t:d and i mp ort. :111l. .\111o11 g" thv l"ollo\\·i ng: 1. Tht.· tc:. t·hLr \"L' :1 cldi n ile put·\\ Tll-clcfln l.' cl ctHl-wlie•11 he gi \'l' s out t il t: to-cl:1y :t ncl cluJ-ill!-!' the l"l'l'itali,> n to llii>!Til\\". \\'lw l do I llri:< pupi l to kno\\" \\"hich he dncs lllJt know uo\\" tn do \\"h i ch he lt:ts not ttlre:1<h· ;! tlC]L(J IJ e Lit : 1liJL' i:-; II Ol ii O\\'; <!ltd in wh:lt \ \" :I)" do I, his tt' :111d ,t.:"ll itk, l' XJlL'l''thi s ko;•;ott in l'ni Lccl hislPI',\' which I !t im ycstcnl:1y, he is tww :1n d \Yill ITl·itc in :1 Iilli,• \\"bile Ln sccut"C the ends sn n g·IJ t? ., :\re th e mt ·atl-< cnqdnyl·cl an d th.: l'lltl ck •. i .· d '' " tT Lt te·d ;.h:tl c ncl c. tn ht.: ,·cl 1hn uglt i.llt" 1ll •.' .1J1 .; ::. I r t he l't.l' i Liil ion nf :Ill a:-;:-ign e clll ss lll is in "Ill." lnte :-;t.·n;.t.• " test, tlll."n fo t· wh H :trc we the tc s•. ?-wh:1t do we lk to rc: t.:h 1, ,.

L<:t us stop hLTl.' for th L· pr·aetic:d pan or n:ason fo t· th i,.: :-:tu<h·. If :t tl \' Olll' \\' ho rt·ads The .\Jc:..; ,.. L·ngL·r i!< tL':tchi.ng- and i,.: w ill i ng to try t he l'X pl't'i tu ent k ·t thi,- he don<': .' it. d cl\rn to Lh l· k,.:,.:n n you ha n: a,.:..;i.ened to a g i,·L·n l:l: t ,.::-: in rL' cl i ng in :t t·ithmtt ic, in geog ra ph y. in gr :tm nt:t t·. or language and in hi sto ry. ( ;o O\'l't' L' : tch cnn:fu lly and th l· n tll : tk t: :111 :tlt ullp t \\'ith pape r, pen an d ink t.n n·p ly l(l <::te h of Ll tL' fo regoi ng qu est ion :< in Lh t: r·cl ation e at: h qutst ion su st.: ti n;; to each !< uhjL'l'l Here a rt nine qu e sti ons :t g <: ttlT:d pr im:iplc. and one st a te me nt : tn d t\\ 'O qu e :-:ti< l ll s t'l' bt i ng to the g<: tH: ral pr·inc ip lc as thL'_\' ar c a ll co nctrne cl 111 this IL-s:-:n n rn n·adi ng. · a ri thme ti c geogT:tp hy, lnng un ge nn cl his to r y. lf any om• wi ll u·y t hi s he \\' ill be !> u rp risl·d at mo r-e poi nts th :tn o ne . Tic will bc rea dy Lo s:ty to hitll ,.:c lf w hi le getting pen, ink and papet·, it is !< O L' :t Sy to do, n nd l und et·stand so thon Htg ltl y all that is in vo l v<.: d, t ha t ther·e \\' ill be 11 0 profit to me as a 1c <t chcr :a nd no ad ,·n ntagc to t ht: m em b t: rs of t hi s

T ry il wi th {' \.CI' .)' lc ,.: so n or a given c la ss fo r ten d ay s and s et: \\'lt ct hct· or· nol yo ur \'i l' ws wi ll not change in b ot h r·espect s. If ! try it wh at p t·o fi t \\'ill co me to me? Pinel th e by ma kin g the exper im ent. Wha t a cl va ntn gc can I hop <' thi s e ffo rt wi ll be to the me mb ct·s of t hi s class? L et t-he r es ul ts of the len cl ay s' cAo r·t be the r·eply.

T he fo ll ow in g-M il <:: ;; to n es to Su cccssgi Ye n a pl ace on thi ;; p age. E ac h one ha s a va l uab le le ss on in i t. -[ E DIT OIL]

Ed u cat io n, the ca pi ta l of mind , s uc cess wi thout it w ill be hard to find 'Ti s we ll to let thi s th ought tlt c mind impress , th.a t Entc r·p t·ise lc 11 cl s :II wnys t oward s uc cess.

When w ith E nt hu siasm we begi n life's busy n lcc , we n cvc t· fa il to win Economy- It is a m ng ic d oo r·, th at lead s to we: tlth's a cc u mul ated

To wi11 the: g oo d a11d the ill , rc.:-quin·::; g< •Od puqlo se, re in for ced by \Vii i.

'Ti ,.: ,-n d. b ut no ne the less it is a fa ct. th at fa ilures come from wnnt of fnct .

I k who hy Fai th is led, no dang t·r· he dr c:t ds 11 ot un kno \\' n ill s no rtn t,.: ee n fol' ::'

' Ti s pu ,.:h th at put,: on e's bu sin c.:- ss i11 the k ad . a nd 111 :1 kl' ::' suc cess :1 11 easy pr ey, ntd l·C< I.

' .\l os t any o ne the \\'H r ri ors ga rb may don. bnl in th e: fig ht 'tis Gt·it th at lea ds one 0 11.

Than l'ut ·ity there is no bri ghter gem set in ma 11 's h en ,·ertly dinde m.

'Tis Pcr sc \·et·;t ii Cl' \\'in :-: th e Yict ot·'s cro \\'n ca rri e:-: one to honor and t·e11 0 \\' ll.

Let Pa tit·n cc be thy g uid e al ong life' s busy \\' :ty. nnd l' \·cr be t hy helper, night an d da y.

Let Prud ence sh npe thy <::very \\' Ord a11d deed. a nd to her ad mo ni tions aye gi \·e h eed.

Pt·omp tness is a lw ays mu ch to be des ired . Th e pro mpt man hon 01 ed is, and mu ch a dmired.

·P urp ose, th <.· ch art, the arc hi tec tu ral pl an. sen ·es we 1 to sh ape and mould the life o fnwn .

The man \\'h o Cou r·tesy a l\\' ay s <'xtend s, is nc vc r lac kin g of respect ful fr-ie nd s.

'T is Ch ee rfuln es s th at li gh ts the wo rl d's cl ar k ways a nd d t·i,·es away t he sha dows wi th its r nys.

Co n te ntme nt is a j ew el of the mind whi ch b ri ngs a ll g oo d t hin gs un to thos e.: who fi nd

By Co n c<.: n t. r at i on of the th o ug h ts and power s, th e objec ts th at we st•c k mny lJL' mndc o ur s.

'Tis Courage, m ore than streng th , that win s the cl ay, len ds the hosts to victory in the fra y.

A rar·e po s session, purcha se d not w ith wealth, pri celess bey ond c om par e, is pe rfec t hl·a lth

:,\ tlducational

BEAUTIES OF THE WOODLAND.

Bv L. W. P ik e.

ONE

requires no special edu cat ion to enjoy the m ore st rik in g ch [l rm s of th e Am et·ican wood la nd s. ThcdulJ cst rustic r eve ls in th ose rlec p r eces ses where. vei led in fo li age, some wi ld , shy ri, ul et steals with timid mu sic throucr h breat he, less ca,les of ve rdure, in gulfs where fe a thered crags ri se l ike cast le wa lJ s, where the n oo nd ay s un pi erces with luen t·ay at hw a rt the tOtTen t, a nd the m ossy a rm s of fall en pi nes cast wavering s had ows on the illumined foa m. With wh at awe do we l oo k up on the p at ri arch trees th at h ave b een hurled h ea dl ong by the sto rm to dam th e ragin g s tream with fo rl o rn a nd sa Yage r uin, and d eeply is the so ul pre sse d in th e s tern d ept hs of the tm cld css fo re st, dim and s il ent as a cave 1 n, co lumneel wi th innumerable tree trunk s, eac h like an At las, u pholdin g it s \yo rJd of l eaves and sweat in g a nd groa nin g under i ts l oa d of venlurc

H ow de li cious it is to fl oa t up on th e bosom of so me sluggish ri vc 1• or pellucid lake among will owy r ee ds a nd cro 1·- "' geo us wat er lili es s tartlin g perhap s, and a non, the wi ld du ck fro m it s ha unt s nnd no t in g th e flashin g e ddie s mad e by the darting fi sh. -And with wh at lo ft y, a lm os t un spe akable thou gh ts we sta nd a mid th e cypre ss or the g-lo""lms ''

of li ve oa k, wh l'l"C (H: rh aps t he' m odc .t dai sy u t· the cr im so nin g <.Teepers fill s t he wo od s wit h surl dc n fl ;tsh cs of co lot·. " ln th e woo ds is pc rp ctu: d ynut h." Here lea rn o ut· gn:a ln e ssa n cl the voit·t· of fl attc t·y :mel of cc ns ttrc nrc a lik e hu sh ed , an cl man rcnl i%es here t t"LJC plane in t hc un ivcr sc.

It is in so me r espce ts s lll·pds in g, but none the l ess t ru e, th at while man is here in t hi s cou ntry su n- ounclcd by a gr catc t· of fluw <; rs than arc to be fo un d in any ot h er part of the gl obe, he is nc ,·eJ·thelc!?s , in m os t in sta n ces , lik e the go ds of tht• hea the n w hi ch h ave eyes yet sec no t. Nnture seems to ha ve pla nted fo r o ur deli ght my ri ads of w il d beauti es comp ar ed wi th wh ose love lin e ss the cui ti va ted flowe rs of our ga rd ens a nd ho th ou ses pale a nd s in!-: gTa dunlly out of mind. Natu re as ks turn for a ll hc1· to il n oth ing bu t that \\"t· sho uld open ou r eye s to bet· be auty nnd her l ove li ness. The dome of her co nscn·ntorv is the bo undle ss azu re and t he s un• i ts elf su pp 'i :.:s het· with wannt h and li g ht. A centur y is not too long for het· tn de vote to the dcvc lo pcment of a s pec im en. yet she w ill bend her '"' ho le energies to thl· p er fec ti on of a bl osso m fo t· a hu n dr l'Cl years which in an ho ur afte r mntmit·v. holt n·-r h: tr·. no nr·t:ifici:1l im pcd -

Su rei y so generous a gi \"C' r mall 's a ppreci ation of llct·

imcnt out the or m ea n est among men ft·om th e e nj oyme nt of her flora l cr ca ti ons. is e nti tled to bou n ty!

Dut the infltt e11l'L' of the w oodla nd and th e pla in mak e th cmsc h ·cs fe lt in the m ost h eedless so ul. it is o nl y the lover ofp lnnt lif e who is able to enjoy n nt urc to the· full. As the l on:r· of mu sic c hnrmcd by harm o ni cs w hi ch escape the cnr co nt ent wit h a s im ple a ir·. so he wh o kn ow the wild nnd mo dest fl owe rs of hill s id e n nd and dale. nol n CeL·ssm·ily as a b ota nis t, hut as a friend , fi n ds n n ewe r a nd grn ncl c t· ha rm ony amo ng the w oo d s, and sees in meadow and and san dy w aste bea uti es, m at·vcl ous be:1utic s, which t•sca pc thr ign orn nt nn cl thL· in dillcn?n t.

Th e gr een a nd g li ste nin g m osses hidin g the rOtt!!h l!t·ounrl, mnnt lin !! the I'<I"<Y(•d bb r oc l<s , an d cu n cca lin g un dct· thei r kindl y sh r ou d th e d ead and rl y in g tr ee t runk s. the s udd en st umblin g up on s ome bed of lillies of the valley th at up li ft the it· gt·accful hell s. the sig ht of a ne st of violc·ts like so me bit of fallen sk _v, or t he h ost of t t·i llium s which we ma y cn cou n te 1· in so me quiet rlcll ,a ll these lend a cha rm to every ramble. Let us as tcac het·s "walk nnd ta lk"

m ore wi th o ur c hildren and co ntribute more to a bette r a ppeciation of the wo ndr o u!' wealth of wilrl and n at i,·e bl oo m fou ud so plentifully in eve ry nook a nd co mer of o ur dear old fa thc rland-Am et·ie a.

We n1·c too prone to pn ss over the common things wit h sca rcely the trib ute of a gl: tncc s imply bec au se they are co mm on. S upp ose the s tnrs on ly came o ut one night in a ce ntury . Wo ul d th ey n ot ha\' e an inin tcre!'t whic h we n ow de ny them? S uppose not a flower on a ll the eart h w ere to unfold except one day in a hundred yt•f>rs. With what de li gh t, what awe. w ou ld man rega rd each fl o wer in meadow, m oo r or glade. as for the fir st and o nly ti me it stood befo re him to charm with its fr esh b ea u ty hi s so ul weary with the dull lacklu ste r things of life. Hi s id ea of Creator wo uld expa nd wi th eac h unfolding bud , hi s h opes be hrigh te n cd with the deli cate odors for the first t im e float ing upon the tre mul ous bn eze. But the stars keep th eir Hppo in tcd Yigi ls evct·y ni g ht , and hy day the flowers unfo ld for us their bl()ssoms in the !' unn y wilds. Let us n ot any m ore ca ll such or any g ift s of na t ure commo n. In creat ion c \' erythi ng is a mar vel and m ost un co mm on.

THE LIVING IN THE DEAD LANGUAGES.

By E. A. C.

are acc u sto med to spea k of the Gree k and Latin as dead langu ages, nnd in one sense th e adj t ct i ve is we ll app li rd. The to n gue wh ich no lon ger chan ges an d dev cl opes , drop pin g o ld wo rd s a nd producing n ew ones , as the lea Yes of the forest lmd a nd fa ll -t o fol low Horace' s well know n hgu t·e-i ss u rc ly c'l ead. Growt h is the ev i de n ce of life in speec h as ·well as in ma tter. There is one sense, however , in wh ich the se old lan g. u ges , so fixed and un-

ch nnging in their class ic purity , are not and n eve r can he dea d; an d the s tudent who regards them as someth in g apart, so mething a li en to the thought an d feelin g of the pres ent clo ses hi s eyes to ha lf the ir be a uty . lt is tt·ite to say th at the hum an h ea rt is the same in a ll nges, o ut we arc inclined to forget it in o tll· att it ud e toward thec ]a.,sics unt il we nrc aro u se d by t he co mm on, human sy mpathy of Homer' s h eroes, or arc

s urpt·ised to li nd ph as E·s of tho 11gh t which Wl' hu rl s 11 pp osc d pe cu li arly m odc n1 s<:l fo rth in ou r favo ri te La t in au thor s. Sa llust s' Catal in c is a t ru e po rt ra it of a mode rn ani tn: hi s t; Cice r o's wa rn i ng to f< omc. ·'Th e enemy is wit hin . It is with luxut·y ma dn css an dc rim c th at wc t nu sL co n le nd" is a wa rn in g sui te d to the gn:a l n il Lions of a ll a nd Vcr gi l sh o,v s hi msel f both a k ee n an d lov in g- ohs <.T vet· of nat ure when he descr iiJes th e fur y c1f the s to rm or th e qui et bea ut y of the d ew y ni ght wi th men a nd bea sts at re st . or te lls ho'' the cl;wkne ssstc als th e c0 lors from the lan dsc np c.

"But ,'' o bj ec ts th e st udent who has just beg un w it h the co mplex iti <:s of 1: hc L atin se nt en ce ' 't he s tu dy of La ti n is not ent ire ly a ma tte r of li tc mry enj oyment. Sy n ta x and etym ology arc also to be eons id<' r cd ." This is tt·m·. The s tu dy of cvet·y la ngu age h as t hree ph a ses , one wi th the histo ri cal and li tera rv va lue of the authot·; one w ith th e sion of thought thr ough se n te ntial st ru ct ure; an ti one wi th the wo rd s thcm se h·es in their der iva ti o n, com po si tio n and co mpa ri so n with kin cl t·ed fo rm s. An d eac h of th e three ph as es h as a li v in g i ntere st for the studen t. The a pp are nt pet·ve n;i ty of Lat in a rrangeme nt seems at fi t·st a ba ni ct· to l ogica l, co n secu ti ,·e th ought, b ut when once the min d gr as ps the finel y a dju s te d cl epend e i, ce of clauses by w hi ch cv ct·y shade of mea nin g is ex pres sed with ju st d-i sc1·imina ti on, th e stu dy of the La tin senten ce beco m es o ne of the m os t effec ti ve

of in of cknr. :tp-

pt·oJ>t·i:• lL· :111d fo t·n ·ful I ·: tlg li -: h.

E\·en t ltL· " \\·t,nb wn rd :-: ," of w hi ch '- '' it np :•LiL· nt ly ex cl ai m:-:. w hen 1·ig l tt ly of th L· fll' tg in :d Jr ll\\T I' of nut· e\'l: J'Y day

t t>o o fL L' ll dul kd hy ll >' l: :\ IHJ1!\' par t of nut· , ., l·:dn d:lt ·y i>' ft·om the L nt in , and m :• ny llT JII >' g row c.:lc::t l'l: t· :1ncl ful kr in nH:: tnin g wh L· tt u ·; tvl·d h; tck to thL·in ;o u rcc : or in to tlt L·ir· t' Ol llJ HJilc nl pnrt:-: Tlu· :t rlrl , s 11 htrnct IIJ U!ciplic:uu l, and d il·irlell rf IJf ou t· :•t·iLilllt ctic:s h l'a t· d cfi ni tL' r\"o nls of pt·oe( ss es of th o ug h t. The nnm t: s of our Th e Forun 1. Th e A.-eu n. arc full of h is to ri c:d su g ge stion. En:n our mo cle t·n ln ndc: 111 wlwn wi th it :> orig in al an ol rl La tin :1cl\'(: rb , cau. es a a smik al th e of th e con ce it. Fix in m in d th e fot-c L· of the La ti n pe r, th r vugh , :t nd su c.: h worc l>' as J> cn·;l cfc, pc r :; ist, perma JJ c ll l, nn cl pt ·rsc cu tc, IJcco mc .: tlm ost sclf- cx p lninin g. such a lin e ns :\J ilto n 's to li ght, ' 'D right dHu cn cc of b ri ght c ss <: ne e in ..: t·e:tl c ," t hin king rn d1 wot·d in its full m e: tn ing fro m b ot h cl er i,·ation a nd co mp os ilitln, a nd th e lin ccxpun ds w ith th e gt·aiHlc ut· of th e po et 's co nception of the n at un.: and so un.: c o fli gh t.

S tudied with ge nuin e a pprec iat ion ns we st ud y wo rk s of mo cl e n1 intct·cst, the Gr l'ek and L atin arc not d ea d bu t a li ve an d glow in g in th eit· lrt nguagc as we ll as in their li t et·aturc, wh os e artis ti c be au ty nnd uni vcn;;d sy mp a th y ha ve ma de t l11:u1 cla ss ics.

The sweetest birds bu il d n ea r the gro un d, Th e l oveliest fl ower s prin gs lo w; And we must stoo p fo r ha ppin ess If we i ts wo1·th wo uld kn ow.

-S \\' a in .

STUDENT WORK IN ENGUSH IN THE NORMAL.

Uy (;. .\" ! 'on c:r.

B ELO\Y an: gin:n so ntt· of work done hy stucknts of thc :'\onn:d. in the \·:u·i ous clnssl·s whL·t·t· the heg-inni n• r::; ofco ns lntctin· Engli sh arl· is hcli cn: d th at d rill in fund:tntental principles is ncce ss:\J·y a nd mu st be hnd before one is nb lc to tu nt o ut the fini sh cd pt·odu:tion. Th e pr os p ect i ve hou sc- huil ckr mu st first h: nrn h ow l'> saw n h onrn-must k now how to usc tools befon:- he c:a 11 l:t v cln im to the n ame ufc:tt·pentct·.

The fit·st cxa mpks nrc t: tk cn ft·om thc wot·k clone by me mb ct·s of the Pi n;t Elementa ry cla ss. Th e t ns k set was what is ge nerally tc nn c cl clcsniplion, hu t was ca ll ed "vis ua li;wti on, "-a tcn n adopted from Pt·of. A nsl cy's wo dc Th e wol'l;, for the m ost part. is un chan gc rl n nd is p rin ted as written ou t. It was do ne 111 the open in g clays of the term in wh ic h wo rk wa s begun.

The Fin.;t Elemcnta t·y cou t·se is, practica ll y, eighth a nd n in th gnHlc wo rk hut the st udents fo t· t he most pat·t ha vc not h:td the a dvant ages of a wc ll-gra cled sch oo l.

A woman sa t on a ve r an da sewin!t. Nca r the steps stood a lit tle boy wi th a. piece of hrC'a? a nd buttet· in hi s h and. A cl og stoo d lookmg up at him , w hile ft·o m a po st near hy n par ro t sc t·eamcd lo udl y.

At one e nd of a ta bl e sn t a midd le aged n't:ln l ip ped back in hi s cha ir wit h hi s feet pe t·chc:rl nn l op of th e stove He wa s read in g aloud to h il' w ife who wa s at the other end of the ta l> lt', wit h hct· s lcc\·cs rolled u p, kneadin g brea d.

ln the cou n tt·y along the r oad-s ide stoo d a large white hou se a nd at the dno1· stood a lady. Near her was a s mall bov and in one ha nd he ca 1-ri ed a lun ch b as ke t anri in the ot hct· hi s slate and first reade r.

The lady stoop ed ove t· a nd kissed hint a nd he ran off down the road wi th so me othe r c hild ren.

A s mall cottage was facing a br oad ave nu e. \ n·rnncla r:tn anlll nd the h ouse with \·ines

climhin).! up The hummi n;:r birds \\'l' rc flying- aro und and the bees were !{::tt hcrin).! honey and flyi ng to and fr o from thcir

The yard wn-: \·ery lc\·el and coYered wit h :.::reen !!rns:;. Th e n eg ro m an wa s out m ow in ;:r the ).!r:t:::s wh il e thl· lit tle chi ldren were pl ay ing hor ;;:e. The little hoy wn s the h orse an-:1 hi s li ulc siste r wa s the dri\·er. They we re rak in g hay wh il e he 1nnwcd it

On the stO\'C \\':1::: a pan of rice bo iling o\·er, and :t nlllg :::mc ll came from a Ia r,ge k et tie. A crock of mi lk wa s ::: i tting on the table to w hich 11 en t was l ibe rally h c.:lping het·self: The. cr cen door was open an d the fli es were m :-t kin g ..t ntid on t he cupboard. the d oors of which wcrC' w id e open.

Thr mist r ess stoo d in dismay: then !:!'Oiug to donr she di sco\·crcd .\ l ary lea ning over t he knee tal kin g cn m es tly to her neighbor.

A li tt le boy, hare-foot ed, with a st raw h at on h is head, snt at th e co rner of a large Ita\' field In one h and he held a lu nch ba sket in the ot het· a ti n pa il. Now and then he wou ld ri se and scan the fi C'Icl, and the n frow n and s it clown Hga in wi th a sig h.

Ol·scrip tinn fo 1· it s o wn sa kc is of li ttle import an ce. If it sha ll co n tribute so m eth ing to the ap 1H·eci atio n of a s itua tion or t he char ac ter of human beings it will se n ·c :t go od purpo se for th e wri ter.

Bel ow are gi \·en so me exa m pies from the s ame class as th ose g i,·en above zat ion w as in te nded to se rv e a s pecific put·pol<e.

A fat ma n wcad ng a silk lwt and bmadcloth clo th es ente r .:cl the ch urch a nd took a front scat. The 111an who takes co ll ec tion s ca me aro un d and held o ut the hn s ket. But the fat man was look ing nt1.t of the wi ndo w.

One day as we were trave l in g we sto pped tn the sha de of so me trC'cs wh ich st ood near a smn ll st r ea m.

Soon nfte t· we had s topped, our atte ntio n wn s attt·ac ted hy the qu ac k ing of so me gee!'c. They were wn lkin,g in si ng!':' li lt: O\"T

the l ro nt porc h. :-\ ca r the ho use an d tn the left wa s an o ld stah lc which l rml;ecl a!. if aboul fo ur logs had rott ed int o th c;_!rou nd. Betwee n th e stable and the r oa d was an ol d wo rm fence which e ncl osed a lea n pi;.! and an o ld

An old w ago n wi th on <.: w heel niT leaned ag:t inst thr house and an old cow was hcing fed in th e remains of a h ox.

Tw o you ng men w ere walking d ow n the st ree t. One was tall and the ot her ahn ut medium heig ht . E ac h ca rri ed a ciga r b ttwec n his fi n ge r s. Whe n th ey sto pp ed in fro nt of a sl •>re to t·e li ght the m, the ta ll one sai d, "Th at w as a fine t ri ck we played on old Brow n ." "Served him ri g ht ," an swe red the othet·. "he is so s tin gy. " "I wo ul d lik e to ha,·e see n hi m this mo rni ng wh en he s aw h ow few wen: left in the p atc h, " s::Lid th e ta ller, a nd the\· bot h laugh ed and passed on d ow n th e s tn:ct..

A sma ll w ea th er- beate n hou se stood nca r th e roa d. ln front of th e house with his cha ir tip?cd b ack a g-a in st a tree , s at a man dr ess ed m an old d en im coat, wi th hi s ha t on th e

hack of hi!. n·ading a n cw:<pnper. :-\c:u· the d oo t· wa-. a littl e hoy wi th n small toy wagotl. filkd wi th ,.t iek:< w hi ch hnd a dolt hiteh cd t11 i t. T:ddn .t.:" ho ld of thc dog' :< collar he began pull it thl·ll :< toppcd and patted it. then p ulle d :t ,J.:": ti t t.

T IH:n: i!. pct·ha p -. li ttk 111 th c :t l lll n: th at w ill :<nggt ·:< t : tny thing app r o: 1ching t ht• fin i :< hcd pr o clt Jc lion hul nnd t·:t :<c of cx pt·t :<:<io n :u -c :< un:ly uwni t'csl. Th e n .::< u lt so ug ht w :1 :< to ln:lp lhc st udent

nc qu i n: the fl O \\TI' Lo do JII Orc tha n ''t ake his Jl l' ll in han cl.' ' If th e fHl\\' cJ· to do th ese

:< m: tllc t· t hi li .L!' S c:t n ht· obtni u cd, iu JJ H\t un :r y car s wh t· n :t m t·s:<:Jg<.: :Js:<c l'l s ils cl f, th en.• wi ll bc no c! ifli c ulty in Lt·llin g it n rt is til·al-

h ·.

T hi :< wo 1·k i:< to hc co ntin ued in lh t•

Seco nd E lc menl :t J'Y cot Jr :<<.: wi th th c snmc

c la ss Bul or COli r :<l', as f:t st n:< the S l\1cl<: nl s be com e n::t dy for it th ey w ill be set nt moJ'C di fTicult ta :< ks

TUCK THE CHILDREN IN

Hy Edith .\ /. Tlwma s.

0 mo ther , tuck th e c hi ld r cn in, Aud draw the rou nd thc i1·

And m ot hc1·, when the storms beg in , Le t stor ms fo rbear th ose cr ad le be ds .

A nd, if the sle epe rs wake too so on, Sa y, "C hild re n, 'tis t oo ear ly ye t," And hu sh th em wi th a sl ee py tun e, An d cl oser draw t he coYe det.

0 :'\T otlu.: r Earth, be goo d to all

• The li tt le sleepe rs in thy c are;

A nd , wh en 'li s tim e to wake th c111 , c all

L\ h catu c1 f sw 1, a bre at h of aid

o/ormal cJchoo l V irectory.

E\ 'EilETT. \'. c \.

B. Stone /'rcsirklll

A. G. L ucschc n \'icc /'rc:-:idcnt

Edit h

Ed i th :\ I oscs Sect·etnry

Art hur Ja n1 cs ... .. ................................. Trea:-:ut·cr J. \\' ..\/ iller ...... .. ................................. ! 'resident

S. :\1 Ui xhy ." \\'. R. B uch a nan Prcsidc nt F. >;, \/at·t.in

Libt·nrian \\'111. E. S hn m:u 1 \'i ce President i\ lin n cy l(cy .......... .. .... .. ..... Rcco r ding Secretary Fra nk Stoc kt on .......... Co rre spo nding Secreta ry \\". T. Stcn:n so n Pr es id e nt. Bess ie Pis hc r. Trea s urer

Alice \'ork \'i cc Pt·csidcnt E. \\'. Towne L ibra rian Ju lia Pittnm Scc t·ctnt·y Ft·ank Mundny ..C ri tic

Edna :\!J. i tton Co rrcspo ndin g Scc t·ctat·y CICE RO:-< IA<'.

Pearl S te,·cnso n Tt·casut·ct· \\'nt. E. S hnm an Pres i dcnt J. \\'. i\lillct· Sc r gca n t-at-A rm s

Jessie A. ll c nnig Cr it.ic :\ .G Lu eschcn Vice Pr es ident F rank Stockto n Sec r eta 1·y Y. \\ '. c ..\. E. 11!. Fit hi an Trca s urer

Est h ct· A. Cla t·k Prcsidc nl .\ 'I'll E:-< IA :-<.

Addie U. Dean \' icc l'rcsid<·n t.

Clara A. Oca n R cco•·ding Sec r eta ry

Cora Hill Co n cspo nd ing Sec r cta1·y

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I I. L. 13a rri ck.. \'i cc Pr esicl en t C.:\. Bl:lkcl y Scc t·c rary :\ .G. Lu c,;ch<'n Trcasun:r 0. J J. \\' addcli CotT cspo nding- Secreta ry , Cora \\"il so n Critic

j ess ie Stcb bin :; l'rcsiucnt. .Rut h 1-Iarris \'ice Pr es ident Nelli e I-I a n ·is · Secreta ry Ala NcYil!c Cri tic

normal SchOo l ;:acuity.

j. A. BEATT I E, l'r cs i de u t, ... Et h ics, Educat ion : tnd P edagogy

.LI LLIAN U. ST O:-<E H, Prece ptr css 1. L. SnEL DOl", Natura l Hi story

J'I EH BERT BI{O\\' :'\ELL, 11. s., Ph ys ical Science

E. A. \\' HIT E:-\ACK, A. n., .................................. .. ......... .... .. , .......... Gc nna n F. Hos 1c, Englis h Lang-uage and Litera t ure

\1ATTIE coo K E r.L IS, Hi s tot·y a nd Geogr aphy

j. M. Howm, A. 11 ., :\·l athe m atics

.ESTI-U: n A. CLARK, A. Latin Language and Li tem.tu r..:

A:-\:-<E )'f . Go sHE:-<,. : Supc rinte nd c nt of Tr aini n g- Departmen t

L. w. P IK E, A. :-I., .' Psycholog-y and Pedagogy

iVIARA L. FEH GUSOK, : Ar ith metic an d Alge bra

GEORGE N. PORTER, A. n ., ....... .. ........... Englisb Language and Li te r ature

PEARLS KELLEY, Prim ary anrl Critic T each ct·

Lou rsE \V. Tn te rm ediatc and Critic T eacher

L ou E. ER, K in rlergarten and Crit ic T eac h c•·

OcEA:-: lhi LY , ............... . .................... ......... .. ......... R cad ing an d Elocution

H E:-<1{\' H. R.H:n, A. JL , Drawin g and Pain ting

L.' LA :\·1. Voca l l\!Ius ic

:\I. D A\' IS, Ins t n111 tcntaI ;\ I usic

E: \·, E. f{l 'l.""·

Pres ton Can· teaches n ea t· S hu be t·l.

Edward Jam es, '99, teac h es at Nc wpot· t.

Flay Hutc hin so n, '92, 1s prin c ipal H t Da vicl C it y.

Pr of. Porter h as charge of the wo rk of a Shak espeare club .

] as. H. H ays is at Ann At·bo1· com pl et in g hi s m ed ica l COU I"S C.

'( Mi ss _D a il y h as a cl ass of abo ut eig ht y for Indt an club exe rci ses.

\( Th e ha nd - ba ll seas on, lik e th at of ba seba ll , h as b ee n we ll ob sere d.

Th e Senio r class h as orga ni zed. M 1·. H. L. Ba ni ck is class pre s id e nt .

Dr. Beattie lec tured at Tecum s eh, October 5, a nd at Jo hn s on, October 20.

Ch as. W. Vest, '96, is su pe t·intcndcn t at Pla in vi ew. Mi ss Edit h Burge ss, ' 96, is one of hi s ass istan ts.

Miss Ho smer a ddresse d the Woma n' f' C lub of Aub urn , t he 5th in sta nt , on the Pl!l·posc of the K inr1 crgn r tc n.

:\1iss Eun:t T owle is al

Ve t·:l n:tn len. '!lk. t.enc h es : If Cc: dat· R np id s.

'}-- A la di es' rk: b at in g soc ie ty is o ne of tht· new fen t un:s of sc ho ol I t hi yenr

Mr. H.atcliO"t· , a s tudcnt of two ago, is a m em ber of the seco nd yea r cl a s:;

Tdb ct·t Richat·dson 1s home with hi$ pa re nt s t hi s yca 1· on t hcit· fa rm in O kl n. hom a.

Mi ss Nova I-Iannnh, a fo rm er s tude n t, i$ ca nJid atc f or S upt. of the sc h oo ls of Hit ch coc k co unt y.

Th e No 1·mal Ba nd h as 1·c- orgn ni zerl w ith Profcsso t· H os ie as k adc r. arc fifte en mem het·s.

Prof. A. W. No rton. fo nn ct· princip nl nf th e State No rm al, is pres ident of the Bnptist Co ll ege at S iou x Fa ll s, So uth Dnkota.

Pr of. Ho sie r ead a paper befot·c the lat t• m eetin g of S up e rin te nd ents a nd at Linco ln . It w il1 be found in nnot ht:> 1' p art of thi s Dr. B eat tie wns in nl tc n:1:t n::c

TilE ST .\ TE SC'HOOL

Edith '9G , nt Ognlln ln .

\V \\' \\'atcn;;, 'Q ;-j , ancl hiR wife nn• teac hin g at Pct c n;huq.;

A glee c lub la .: cn ot·gn ni ?. cd un der direct ion of l\ 1i ss Sa nd en;,

::VIi ss Be ll e '9 8, t cn ch l'S in thl• sc h oo Jc.; of So u.t h Om a lw .

Miss Goshen at Tiv cd Sept. 26 n nd c ntet·cd at on ce up on hct· duti es.

Dr. \V. T. and "'ifc (tvli ss Ln nra Bradfo r d, '8 7) r ej oice in a so n l ate ly added to their fa mily.

Miss Cora vVil so n h as so ld se \ ·entv lecture tick ets among t he st ud en ts nnd t eac hers nt the Dorm i to t-.r.

Th e fir st lecture in the chnpel th is yca t· was by Dr. Beatt i e, on the eve nin g of Octobe r 11. Hi s subj ec t wa s Tht· I mpo t·trtn cc of Good L itet·atu rc . .;l-

B. M. Sto ne of th e Se ni or cl ass h as h ad an un cle vis iti ng him. Dr. ]. ]. Stone. of Ni otaze , Kan sa s, who was a st ud ent here in the ea rl y days of the sc h oo l.

A let ter fnnn Pr of. Duncanson sny s th e ir steam er the Fuerst Bi Rma rk r each ed Ha mburg eight days out fr om New Yo rk . making stops at Ch e rburgand South ha mpt on. Two we eks were 'spe nt in Berlin , of wh ose st reets a nd pub lic b uildin gs he spea ks e nt hu sia sti cly. Both Pro f. a nd Mr s. Dunca n son are giving tno st of their tim e a nd st ren gt h to th e ir s tudi es

Fl ot·en cc White teac h es nt Ed iso n.

Li ll ie J ewe ll is tcnc hin g so u th of Pent.

:\ate that the le cture course of t hi s year hn5 eight number '.

,l o hn H ammond, a st u dent of lnst y cnr, teneht' f; n enr Cook.

Euge ne Mnxcy, ' 00 , iR pns tor of the M. E. C hurch at How e.

Miss Maud Nea l h as left sc h oo l b eca use of s ic kn ess in her ho me

A new walk of brick, fi\' e feet wide , is be in g· be la id fr om th e west ent ran ce of '/,.. the ca mp its to the 1orma l b uildin g. Mr. Blanke ns hip h as direc ti on of the work.

Mi ss Ann a B. H errig, fo rm er Supt. of Pr nctice here h as a lik e positi on in the State To rm al Sc ho ol at Madison, S. Dakota . Miss Susie Norton, '94, teac h es in the sa me sc h oo l.

Mr. Jo hn T. Brady of the 'First Neb r as ka is a s tuden t in sc hool. He has on ex hibition in one of the cases in th e l ower ha ll a m os t interest in g colltction of curios from the P hi lippin es of hi s ow n collectio n,bn ll cts cartt'idgcs, she ll s, coin s, sta mps , photos, etc.

Th e large dining hall of th e new do rmitory is a very pleasant a nd w ith al a busy place whe n the eigh ty fi ve studen ts a nd teachers gather nbout its tables. Former st uden ts wh ose hom es we re once w ithin the old Dormitory sho ul d m ake a pilg rima ge to th e n ew Mt. Vernon Hall .

Miss Winnie Ha rtl ey, ' 95 , h as a p os i t.i on in the Ma di so n sc h oo l s.

Mi ss Elsi e Bixby , ' 95, h as prim ary wo rk in the Va lcn t in e sc h oo ls.

M. J. Ri cha t·d son, '94, is the n ew pal at Oa kd ;ll c t hi s yea r.

I El<

I );, ily had a ft'Olll rn ot. hcr. :\ lr·s. IJ:ri ly gn , ·c :1 11 a ddrc in th :\L E. C hur-c h in the in ter ·ests of the l'Onsc n ·ator·y of of the \ Ve . lcy nn t:m . ,·c rsi t.y.

\\'h ctt : 111 :rg<: fo r· c lu h .. -h nnd-b.<tll, pr i nci- bas e-b:-11 1, Chatauqua: glee club. art cl u b, dub. lndi r1 n c lub s. L et u,

h a,·e a :\1 csst· n ger· cluh of two hun d red s uh sc r·ih l· r·'-' in sc h o(JJ.

Mi ss Lid a Ma ik a, '95 , a lit tll· more than a y ea r ago b ecame Mr s. Jo hn Munl«.:n; of of Ch ad ro n. Her hu sba nd is one of Lhe lead in g bu s in ess men of that ci ty.

Wh en the Se ni or· fi led int o Cha pel with their new class co lor s, it led und e1·-c-lass memb ers t.o exc la im "H o,v be a utiful ! Suc h a pre tty comb in at ion- the co lors of co urse. •·

Th e Y. M. C. A. of the State :--rll r ma l was r epresented at the late Oma ha co nve ntion by Prof. Ho sie a nd Mcs!<r s: Wadde ll , Crawford, Mart in , Lu esc h cn, Blak ely, Buchan an a nd Stone.

A class fo r· the st ud y of Art h ns for m ed to me c:t one<: in two weeks in t he- f Librar·y bui ld in g. l ts m c: mh cn; hip in cl ud , lad ies b ot h of the Fn e ul ty and from town. ::Vli ss E lli s h as char·ge of il :s w ork .

A lar ge n umb er· too k Hrl vn ntnge of sp{ c ial1·ates to \' isit Om aha la tely. \\'h e 11 the rai lr·oarl company shn ll h a\'C the l'n r ly mo rnin g tr·nin no r· th lean: Peru reg ul nr ly nt six o'c l oc k, in c r·ensc in trave l wil l pn ,. the co mpany wt·ll ·

Th e l ect ure cour se of t hi s sch oo l y en r comp ri ses the fo ll ow in g: Dr. Fra n ces B. Wood (Oct 1 8); D eW i tt M ill er (Oct. 31 ):

Dr·. z. T. Swee n ey (No,·ernb er 2 7) ; the Gus brot her of eng ineer Hol tz, Wes te rn Stan;; Delm er· E. Cro ft; the whom ma ny fo rmer s tudents wi ll remern- Oxford Music al C lu b; Dr·. Fra nk Bri stol· ber as a pupil i_n the practice schoo l, is on Dr. A. A. Wi ll ets. o,·er· three hundr·ed nnd hi s wa y to as memb er of one of fifty seaso n t1 c kets h ad b ee n so ld b efore th e volunteer r egimen ts r aised hy the U. S. the ope nin g Icctu 1·e of the course government for se rvice in the Phi lippin es.

Th e you ng l ad i es of th eY W. C. A. enMi ss Dr \V oCJ d!-; , form edy of Ne h msl<a joyed re cently a visit f1·om Mrs Kin g, th eir Ci ty , opened th e r eg ular l ec tu re cour·se of state sec reta r y, and Mi ss Conde, in te rn n/ thi s year with a desc ription of Man i la, '(tiona ! sec ret 1'1.1'Y• a young woman of st rong as she saw it wh il e the re ns a pc r so nalit ya nd plcas in gadd r es s. S he gn\'t' Red Cross nurse. Dr Wo o ds ta lk s in an some unu sua ll y he lpfu l ta lk s a nd wi ll bc;a very in terest ing way on t hi s m ost in te r·- wa rml y when she comes aga in. es ting s uhj e.ct. Her sh or t ta lk in chapel on Mr s. King h as been he re often befot·c. H l\d religio n a nd educat ion in the Ph il ippi n es h er vi sits a lw ays l oo l<ed fonvnrd to was ve ry e nj oyabl e. wit h plcu s urc.

.:'\lHC\ lA L SCHOOL

Mi ss .\lin tu llall , 'D ' .i s pr im a ry tt·nc hcr in Ru sll\·i ll c.

\\" or cl frnm T. 0. Rink er ;. ny s he h ns full Juni or wo rk ;at t he lni,·c rsity

:Mi ss Bc ncli xon hns :1 fi ne p os ni on in the ci ty sc h oo ls of Dc ndw oo d, So uth Dak ot n.

•: 1-

Ch as. S. Jonc ;. , '!) 3, is su pcr·in tcnd c nt at H umb o ld t. Ada R. G ib son, '!)9 , te ac h es at the sa me pl ac e.

A Chatauqua soci ety h<1 s been fo n11 cd 111 to wn with Prof. as pres ident . Am erica n hi s to 1·y will be the s ubj ect of st u dy.

Eclwarrl L. U ptcg r·ov c, '9 7, a nd wife (M iss La ur a K im e, ' 97) spe nt n few dnvs in Pe ru at co mm en cement la st Jum· on tl1eir we dding t rip.

Mi ss Bert ha Jo hn so n. '92, was mn cl e an A.M. by the Smte University in Jun e l as t and is now ten c hing mode rn langu nges in the Cr ntr-a l Ci ty hi gh sc hool.

The fo ll ow ino- vo unz l ad ies were del e,.,gates to t he Y. vV. C. A .. co nv ent i on nt Lincoln: Clara Dean, Pea rl Stephenson . Lu cy Lea min g. Mitton, Mabel L. Bridges a nd A li <'e Sanders.

Th e No rm al sc h oo l is represented hy t he fo ll ow in g persons - and perhaps ot hers -a t the State University t hi s year: Nona M. Jo hn sto n, '96; Amos T. Hutchinso n, '97; Gny J oy, '97; J ess ie M. Metcalf, ,92; Nea l Wyn e, '96; J. ]. King, '9 5; Mrs. J.]. King, ' 92; Anna C. Church, '8 7; T. 0. Rinl<e r·, '99 ; and Mabel B. Beattie. ' 99.

Ge nrudc \\ ar rcn, '94 , is teac hin g th is yt•a r ;1 gnin in the Nebrnska Ci ty s ch oo ls.

Phil o math enns enj oy ed mu ch the talk of Pr of. S held on on " Raising Kane ."

0. E. Martin. '95. is pr in cipal of a large wa rd sc hool in , anta R osa, Ca lifornia at $1 200 11 ycnr .

:VIr . Leigh. a former student, was in town re<rntly. He is a m ember of the senior In w department of the Statr U niversit \'

i\1i«s Gr nrc Hn mm ond , ' 913. has a go od in the Norfo lk sc h oo l!> this year. She h as clone very fine work at Ced ar R apfor three ycn'rs past.

As k any stnd ent who w as t oo la te to get n sent in the library a nd is trying ha rd to forget hi s discomfort RS he st an ds lea nin gagai n st an yt hin g at hand lo o kin g up the r eference matt er th at h as been assigned him a nd at int ervals how good a breath of out-of-door a ir wou ld seem , what is one thing the state of Nebrasl< a o\ves its Normal School , a nd th e st udent s in attendance there.

During the m onth of OctoLer th e lib r·n•·y h as been en rich ed hy th e ad diti on of: · 100 vo lum es of bound m agazi n es.

30 vo l umes in the lite rature secti on 5 volumes of myth s and legen ds.

12 yolumes on ar·t.

13 volumes of a pedagogicaJ ·na tu re. 11 volumes in political sci ence. volumes on history a nd biography. Jo hn so n' s Cy cl ope di a an d th e Standard Dictionary have been added to the sect io n of reference books.

R. E. Giffin, '9 7, h ns bee n pri nci pn l at Ain swo rth sin ce hi s gra du ation. He ha s the sc h oo ls th ere in fin e co ndition <t nd is giv ing g en eral s ati sfac ti on.

E. 0. Ga rrett, '95, is ge n era l ngc nt for Th t: Weste rn Pub li s hin g Hou se of C hi cago, Ill., fM the states of Nc br as k n, Co l orado, W yo min g. a nd N. Dak ota. Hi s a ddress is Fremo nt thi s state .

Mi ss Mea rs again s uffers hcren ,·emcnt 'v\·ithin her fa mi ly circle in the d ea th of h er gra ndmoth e r, i\11r s. Gae d e. It is ju st a yea r ago tha t Mr·. H. M. Mca r·s di ed. whom so many of the old s tu de nt s wi ll r ea dil y reca ll

On August 24, at the r es id en ce of the brid e's paren ts in C hmlron, Miss Ma mie Ag new a nd Prof. Robe rt C. Ord of the Wesleyan Uni ve rsit y, at Lincol n. beca me one. Bot h are '95's a nd arc now at home to a ll their f ri end s at Un i ve rsi ty Pl:1cc.

P. :\ J. Wh i tc lu: :H I. who h os bt'<.' n pr i nc i pn l nt Elgin gr·nclt wt ion,jo in ed his fo r tune s wit h an rt cco mplished yo u ng lady of that place: r <:cL·n tly. He h as erecteel o br ick h11s i rH.:ss bl oc k. put in :1 sto t·k of gc n en tl mer·c lr rtn di se, an d ln11n chcd in to bu sin es s with a ll ofsm·cc·s.

'Cn l<: ss th e: cnlc trl nl ions of :tst ronomcrs sha ll fni l. a wo ncl<:l'ftr l d is pla y of meteors may be looked fo r· th is year , -a n event in the lifet im e of man y of u s. Eve ry th irt yt hr ·ce yc ar·s. i11 the month of No ve mb er, there h as b ee n :.1 not:rhlc mete o ri c shower, a ncl it is clu e on th t: m or nin g of No,·ember 15, n ext when all mcm bc r·s of the sc h oo l m ay we ll b eco me of th e h enve11 s. The w il l r·adinte fr om the "sic kle '' in Le o, n nd obse rv nt ior.l n ee d not b egi n t ill aftc t· midnig h t. It wi ll he • we ll to be on the l oo lw ut too, on the mo r-n in gs nf the 14 th and lGth, th at by no m ea ns shn ll thct·c be fa ihu·e to sec the bri lli a nt spec ta cl e ex p ec te d.

W ill give yo u th e news of the tow.n a nd sc hool each wee k.

oscnp l ions carol'ul ly a nd accura l o(JI t co m poundod. S chool Supp l iu<>

DRY -GOODS NOTIONS, . '

WESSEL'S

DRV GOODS EMPORIUM , NEBR ASKA, CITY.

Thi s s to re mak es a speci al effo rt· to show that this is beyond ques t io n a go od h ouse to tr ade w ith . Our stocks are l arge r than ev er before and th e goods have b ee n ga th ere d from the bes t markets " fo r cash ," in large qu an ti ti es, a nd at the most fav orabl e tim es We want to imp r ess upon yo u th at Is pr eem in entl y the best opportuni ty to procu re of _us good goods at

L ad i es · J ac k ets , C apes and Fur Coll are t tes in th e n ewest and best st yles-perf ect workma ns hi p, elegant mate ri al s, b eauti fu l trimm in gs. We ar e ove rs toc k ed, and to qu ic kl y red uce same w ill off er

To pur ch asers. In D ress Goods and Bl ack and Fan cy S il ks we offer great va lu es

Dry G oods, Grom

H ats a nd Caps,$

I1ANol s E. PERU, NE BRAS K A. t t FREE DELIV ER Y. : i D:anandrv SJ Wo rks.! t • t P ric es Re aso n able. f t i • La un rl t·v ca ll ed fot· I :tnll cl di, ·c n:d I·t·i.-d ny ..... ii J. C. MA RDIS, Agent. •

THE METHOD OF THE RECITATION.

By Drs Cha rl es an d Jl rnnk is dev o ted to th e cli s c,-os sio n of th e th at mu st gov ern the r ec i ta tion a nd t'bc meth od of appl y in g UH.: se p l'i n dp lcs to the di t: fercnt s tu dies in th ee lem cn ta ry s c.:ho ol s. One-half of it iH devo ted di n·ctly tn o fteaeb ing the di ffe rent branch es Th e volu me is not a hoot< o fllt.:\'i ce ><, IJ'I ot is n se ri ous an d ab le di s cu ss ion of th e end and m ethod of the o·eci t ntio n. A sin g-le p os l-pai il for one do ll a r. A lib e •·al redu ct i on wi ll be marl <' to te acher ><' cla s" cs

THE STORY OF LINCO LN

rs t bc l ate st add ition to our li st of n1a t<.: dal fot· tcn c hin g- li l C' t-at un.: , nn cl in the grad es . It is to ld hy_ a so t1thc n_1 \vo·n1a n. F1·nn ccs Ct·n\"C !lS •. "·ho has 1Jro·'!1! ht hc o·sc lf into fn ll symp at hy \\' 1ll1 her s tt h Jcct and h as se h: ct cd th e ll lclflc nts of Ill S li te to he co ns id er ed wi t l1 remar ka ble ins ig ht into the s tag es of deve l opm ent lh cy rev ea l. F,or in tCr 111Cdi atc grad es B fi cents in cl ot h;

PERU, NEBRASKA, NOVEMBER, !899.

A PIONEER IN CHILD CULTURE.

/:, · . lnnic Tnrm/m/1 Slus,-ur. in Su rHiny Sc/J()o / Tirnc ,- .

i!' quill' t hirt y ye: ll '!' I :-:a\\' the m:1n. \\ 'e \\'''''l' t' :tking· nf o u1·l o ng l azy d1 in:s thnHip;h 'l ot·tht•l·n :-\c\\' England . \\' e lwrl left Fc'cll\·illc t he h cfore nnd dri\·cn d o\Y ll t he y; dl ey :dcll1 g a qui l·t stream catc hin g· f·ine g·limp !'eS or o ld As('llt n ey fn)ln t im e to time, th nntgh li tt le

Amsch: n, a tiny Yilla gc lyin g in a so rt of go q re. then cl0\\'11 Bla ck Ri Yc t·, and act·oss to spt·ingl-ie ld : 1nd Chnd es tnwn. Tu -dny we wen· go ing· tn wanls Ac\\'t>l't h and Le mp stct·, ovl' T' a rortcl which is ju st a su ccess ion of long. steep hill s w ith s up edJ Yi e ws ft·om the to-p of each. It was jun e, a nd the fa irest , br ig htc st weathc1·.

At len gt h we c ame to a pl ncc whe1·c the 1·oa d bt·anehccl, one pa rt turning sha rpl y to the 1·igh t, the othet· tren din g leftwa rd. As we ca me to t hi s fork in th e r oad, we lll:sitatc d. There wn s 110 si gnboanl, and we wcTc n ot S 111 ·c of o u1· wa y. The ri g hth nn cl 1·oa d s eemed th e mo st tt·a ve leel on e, w ith mnny ru1. s and whe cl- tracl, s. I3ut 1':11· up the l<:ft ro nd I co uld sec smo ke t·i sing [IS ft ·o m a c himn ey. So I dcc icl e cl to t ake thn1. way, and ns k ful'th <.T cl ireetion s at t he th c t·c. As wc we nt on, th e ro ad to( ,{, a s udd en tu rn. [ tnd we came up on a little g 1·o up of c hildt e tl. Bnn:ofoot, s unhunH , tow -h ca cl cd, rngg·cd, t l11 ·cc b uvs an d o ne g irl, t·:tn g in g in ng . 1'1 0111

:-;ix to thirt n·n ye a r:-; . ..\ ::; we ap!J r oached them, I sa w th at th ey were gatheri ng hunche s of whit e; Ra t-topped clu sters or" eldct· bloss oms fr om a ta ll hu sh bY th e way s id e. 1 cn ll cd a ha lt , m ea nin g to inq uire \\'h ithe1· the r oad led. But fi1·s t I

"\\'hat kind of hu sh is th at , c hildr e n?"

Th e g irl, a rn gge d, sh oc k-h eaded child , stan·d at m e. and sa id :

··Whnt? thi s'ere hu sh?'' -pointing to the s hrub fr om \\'hi,•h th ey were gat het·ing th e bl osso m s.

"Y es; what do you ca ll it ?"

Vi'ith one yoi ce, b ut in Yat icd tone s, ft ·om s queaky to ho arse, the g irl a nd b oys ca lled o ut:

"Sam bacus."

Pictiu·e my nmazem e nt. For "sambacl.ls' ' is· the botan ica l and sci entifi c 11 ame of the s hrnh How h ad the se rough littl<.: yo mt g on es lcam cd it. 1 wou ld try again , "H as it any other n ame?" r ns k crl.

"Y es' m ," b eg nn a frcck lecl-fa cc LI li tt le c hn p. An d th e others s truck in :lt Cll1 cc, ''H is ni c kn ame's 'the c ld et·'"

·•Niekntlmc!" T c t; ccl, " Wh at in llt c wcwl il do yo u m cnn?"

"Why. i t' s th i:-; wn y. '' said the girl who hn d fir st spo ken. '' Il c's lVI r. 11aeus, Sam Ba cu s, and he's so rt o' whitc- he atkrl :111 d

s tilf-l oo kin' , so fo lk s ca ll him S nm th e elder ."

1 w as de lig hted. Here wcr·c c hildren after my o wn h en r t, kn o wing th e re al sc ientific nam es of thin gs, and yet s urro undin g th em wi th a fr ie ndl y hum an int eres t. Wh o had b ee n th e ir· t eac her? I mtr sl l oo lc into the ma tter. But fir st I wo uld ask more qu estio ns co nce rnin g th e t hi n gs about u s. I sa w a lit tle plant fro m wh ic h the fl ow<: rs had al na dy fa ll e n, lea vi ng li ttl e gr ee n oblong bun ch es of

"H ave you a ny name fot· th at ?" I as l<e d, po intin g at it with my pa r·aso l.

" Wh y, o' co urse ; w e've go t na mes for· evet·ythin g ,'' answered o ne of the boy s.

•· And that 's Ann Em on y, ole Mi s' Em ony's li t tl e g irl. "

Anemon e! So it w as. And th ese blesse d Jo nn g on es kn ew it ev en in fruit, wh en th e deli cate white bl os so ms had va ni shed. I saw th at the g irl w as h<,Jdin g some bri ght o bj ect on the pa lm of her little brown ha nd . I s tep p ed cl ose r· to see what it w as, -for by th is time we had a ll l eft the cariage, an d were st a nding nc ar th e li tt le gro up . In the ch il d 's ha nd l ay a lar ge yell o w-a nd -black butte rfly, w ith l ong sle nder tails to hi s deli cate wi ngs.

''What is th is ?'' I as k ed.

'' Th at 's Cap'n Turn u s, sa id th e girl. ' 'H e's h ea d o' th e hull co mp'n y o' swa ll c rtai ls. He wears ye ll er a nd bl ack, ye sec , 'ca u se he's cap'n; a nd the re 's tw o oth er fe ll ers o' that co mp 'ny ro und here. Th ey wc:!a r bla ck trimm ed up wi th b lu e an' gr ee ni sh a n' so o n. There 's more o' the eomp'n y s om e wh er;es, but not ju st h ere."

I am devoted to na tu ral hi st ory, a nd I co uld h ave hugg ed t hi s r agged co ll ect or of Pa pilio turnus See in g my int e rest in th e in sec t, one of th e boys drew near and said:

'' Th ere's r ea l qu e er thin gs co me fl y in ' 'ro und at ni g ht. One of 'em is as big as a ba t, bt·own , w ith big so rt o' gla ss winde rs on her win gs. Sh e's Po ll y Ph c mu s, Wi d de r Phe mu s' s d aug ht er. Her fo lk s 's in th e si lk bus in ess . Did ye ev er sec he r·?"

l nch: t:d , I kn l:w w <.: ll. tllll' c; rri !' il kw o nn t nu s.

'' \\' ho to ld you : dl Lh <.:!'c th in gs?'' I c ri ed . f ull of won ck·r an cl dc li gh t. :\nd in one \'O iC<: they :\11 S WC I' l:d , " J> : r. "

I must sc·c thi s nr :r n. : llld . th e cl ri\'c r· to co me slow ly on. th e r <:s t of us w: dkcd with c hild r·cn to th e ir ho me .

l w is h I co uld g i\' c yo u :r ny : td c qn o. h: id ea of thc m an I 111 ct th L·r·e. I m:rde n few not cs ' tl wt L' \'c ning : rft c r· Lem pst er jo ttin g do wn : til I and my co mpnnion sco trld r·cc: dl o t' h im : 111d his stor·y. But th ey sc cm sn p oo r· : rncl In perso n he wa s :r t: rll, g :r 1111 l, nl w- h 'J ned m nn of about fift y, hi s cbrk hair stre ak ed with gn•y. hi s b:rck n wnd cd and bowed alm ost to defo rmity , and he .wa s s li g htl y lame. He w as bo rn he told us. in i\1 a!' !'ac hu se tt s. had ntt e n<lcd thc d cstr·icL s ch oo l in his nnti vc irTegulal'ly fot· se ven1 l yr:nrs and had ::u.: quit'Cd t hen:: o r· pc dr np s h nd inher·i tcd, a ta s te fnr · bo oks a nd rending: a nd he had <tlw ay s l o\'ed nature. "[d idn 't li ke th e way other· fo lk s' chi lclren was hnJUght up." he said . "They wa s a ll lear nt the sa me th ings, -a -h nb e-b eb, and a ll th at, with nothin' interes tin or practic : tl ab o ut it. Th ey neve r· o pened th eir eye s to the thin gs ab o ut 'em no more th an three d ay s old puppies or kitt (' ns. I di J 't wa nt my ch il dren to be that so rt, and I kcp ' fi g urin ' how I co u ld help i t, and mal<c ' em s omethin ' d iffere nt. I hi t on it a littl e at a ti m e, a nd ca rri ed it out the same wa y. I got so me bo oks, n.nd the fir st thing I stud i <:' d 'em out my se lf. y._, ca n't l earn anyb o dy an y thing ti ll you kn ow it yo urse lf. I got a li ttle b oo k abo ut pla nt s, with the ,h ard nam es a nd the ea sy o nes t oo ,-th e 'b ooky nam es ' a nd 'ta lk y nam es ,' my yo un g o ne s cn ll ' em

And I got a no t her book ab o ut bn gs nnd hut.terflil' S and s ech.

' 'I li ke the cnsy nam es for thin gs m yself, but. th inl.:s I, ns long as t hct·c' s th r.: ot he t· s or t, n nd a goo d fo lk s usc

' e- m, the childn:n 'd kn ow :-:ome of \:m. :\ ow you c nn 't make yo un g learn a hanl wo n! wi thout pu tt in' sense int o it fm· Sol hit on that wa\· o' ma kin g IJelic n: th e plant:; and creaturs wa s fo lk s and had fo lk :;y naml.' s. I'm fr ee to co nfess that w: ty hl.'ip l.'d me to rcc"lcct them jnwht·l.'akin' wo n!:' bette •· mY se lf 1 know it t oo k 1111.' a lon •Y spe ll to the "' b boo k name for· b ut ter fli es' feelers, or !t ors, -antc nn nc it is,- till all of a s udd en I r cc' lcctc d my g•·cn t- uncl c, o ldJ n•·cd Tenn ey Hi s wifl.' wa s named Ma t·y Ann , and we ca ll ed he•· Aunt l\ll ary A n11. Bu t, I say s to m yse lf, we mi g ht jes t' s lik e ly ca ll her Aunt Te nney. I ne,·er· fot ·got the n ame for feelen;' a ft e•· th at, a nd [le a rnt it th at way to the c hildren ·When yo u want to rec' lcct the hooky n ame for a butterfl y"s feelers,' I s ays to 'em, 'think o' yo ur pa 's A unt Tenny. wh o w as a fc e lin' woman if there ever w as on1..'. ' :\nd th ey done it. and thct·c they wns. I didn 't le arn 'e m t oo many of the hat d, lon g, b oo ky n ames,jest enough they cou ld get al ong with fo lk s that u sed that kind

"l lea rut them the talky , fo lk sy nam es, too . I rec'l ec t I had quit e a s torv about a li tt le g irl na med P::u·ill a,-how s iwrp and pcart and quic k- spca kin' she was, sayi n' real s picy so rt o' thin gs to fo lk s, till sh <: b eg un to go by the na me of Sarsy Pa riJla. They t oo k it ri g ht in, a nd lea rnt the pl ant real quick , with it s r ou nd balls o' greeni sh fl owet·s. And , a fter they'd once ta ste d the ro ot, and sec h ow sha rp an9 s picy a nd tasty 't w as , they t hou ght S;trsy Parilln w as a real goo d name fo •· it. a nd they never fot·got it

"Then I go t a book about fo lk s, -po ets a nd writers and that so rt,-and I r ead it a nd re ad i t. I w an ted my boys a nd gids to kn o"'" a li t tle abo ut them thin gs, -i t's what they ca ll li tt·y ture ,-a nd I wa nted to to kn ow a littl e my se lf. I did th nl a mi te diffe n:nt. When I' rl tell ' em nb out John Milton, and h ow he wt·it Pat·aclise Lo st, I 'd b egi n nbout n li tt le b oy

jest as big as one of thcm,- ' Li sha, me bbc, - and how hi s name w as Jo hnni e. and he wa s o ld Mis' Mi lt on's boy . And I 'd tell 'em how he u serl to lih the sto ry o' Ad am a ud En· a nd the Garden o' Eden, and then how he g•·ow ed up a nd writ ,·erses abo ut ' em ,splcndid Ycrs es. thn t e very body r ead a nd ta lk ed abo ut. And then I'd le t ' Li s ha play for two or t hree day s toget her th at he \vas Jo hnny Milt o n, and Gid and Seth a nd Sara h ' Li zn wo ul d ca ll him that, a nd ta lk to him about Adam a nd E ve a nd the appl e, and ask him if he dirln't think he could ma ke so me ,·erses abo ut it ; a nd he sa id he meant to 'v hen he gr owed up , a nd ca ll 'em Paradi se Lost, and so on. End o' th at time eve ry o ne of them c hildren kn ew so's they cou ldn "t ever for ge t it wh o Mi lt on was and what he writ. They all took turns bein ' g reat writer s, and t;tlkin' nbo ut their boo J,s.

"1 rec'led Sara 'Liza w as Mis ' Heman s for a wh o le w ee k,-w o uldn 't stop a nd turn back int o h er o wn self, 'cause she w as so fo nd o' say in' th at abont the boy's sta ndin' on the burnin' deck, a nd t'other about the brea kin' waYes d as hed hi gh. I'd have a sor t o' r ev itw once in a whil e. and go through a lot o' qu esti on s: ·Who writ Vl av' ley nov els?, 'W as there anythin' the matter with John Mil to n 's eyesig ht ?' ' Wh o writ t he Pilgrim 's Progress?' and so o n. And they'd answer up as p at as co ul d be One tim e I had a r eal siege lea rnin' 'em who wt;t My Country, 'Tis o' Th ee. ' Tw as such a co mm on nam e,- Smith.th at 'twas hard er to rec'lect than the qu ee r on es. So one ni g ht , as I w as st ud yin ' what to do abou t it, I th ought of a \vay Next clay I made 'e m s ing that pi ece to 'Meriky, on ly say in' Smi t h' in stead of ' my' at· 'L '

S mith' s coun tr y, ' tis o' th ee, Sm i th 's la nd o' lib er ty, Of the e Sm ith s ings. L an d where Sm ith' s fathers died , an d so on and so on . M y! you co nldn't

I

TlfE ST ATE .'\O IO.L\J. SLI I<Hll. \JJ.:-. :-. 1. :\t ,l . l\

whip 'em int o forgett in ' th at So th is o ri gina l- hi s nam e was (;id eo n

Re yn old s- ta l ked on to us deli gh ted li!-tc: ncrs. You rc:memh t· r t ha t this \\':1:hcfon: the day!'; of l<i nd cr g-:1r ten in .\ mer·ica. Fm c:b cl was li \' in g th en, hut hi s icl e:1s had not rea c hed th is eounu·y, :111 d thl· oldfa s hi oned sysu·m of trainin g c hildren s till pren:til cd. I hmJ clre artl e rl ofte n of somethin g differen t, rt nd it wns refr es hing :r nd de li gh tful to ta lk wit h th is pi on eer, who had tho ught out a the o ry fo r· h im se lf :tn d put it i nt o pr:tcliee . Fi ndi ng th:ll our hors es co uld be taken c ar·e of for· :1 n roon r est, a nd a s imp le lun ch eo n gin·n u s. \\T d ec id ed to spend the d:t y w ith our

nt·w

d1ildn·n. .\ lr:od lll'\ ' t.•r· :-1.'1.'11 :-m:lt w:oll.l'd with them nr on tlu: wlti !t.· tln·y around I :tl tlrt. ir · kn wkdge nf nil

:rlHout th 1.· rn Tl, ,. l; nt.·\\· tlrl' tlnwer..:. th •

tl'l'l.' "' tlrt.· ;.:r·;, ...... .. tlrt.· loin ! -. thl' not :olw:l\·:- n••t nt'tl' ll, th1.• n :tmt.·:- gi.h·n J,y :- t· it. n ti:-t:-:. l lltt h,· :-:onll nt>-

pt·ll:rti " ll wh it·h :-1 11>\':<. rl tht.· <>hjl'l' t w:t$1:,. nrill i:or t11 th1.· rn .\ nrl fl l'l' :t :-inn:tlly wo uld l' <tllll' f'no111 ii p:- \\' ith :-t: tnlin g elli.'<:t.

so mt· l. :rtin 11 r ( ;r ·<.: c: l; n :t rn t· up hy thei r· f':rtl n.T fr .. nr nn t· .,f hi:-: ho oks. and t:rught th l·nr lo ·: sn nt l' or·ig in : rl : tnd mid :-\':-tl'111 11 f 1111H ' 1111111 i l'..: n f' h i:-: ll \\'rl.

INHABIT ANTS OF A FLO\VER.

llB LI SS P {; L in sect! wh at c:anlJc

In h app in ess co nrpa r·ed to th ee?

:Fed with no ut·is hm c: nt di,·ine,

And d ewey mornin_g' s s we etes t will (', :'\ature waits up on th ee st ill , And thy frag rant c up doth fill. All the field s that thou dn st sec, All the plant!; be lonrr to t he e·

All that s umm er

Fe rtile made with rip e ni ng jui ce :\Ian for t hee doth sow a nd plow; Renter he, and landl ord t hou

Thee th e hin ds with gla dness h c:a r. P ro ph et of the rip e ned yea r·!

To thee alon e, of all the eart h, Life is no l onger tha n thy m it·th. Hap py creat ure:! happy th ou D ost ne ith er age: nor w in ter kn ow, But wh en thou 'st d anced a nd drank and s un g Thy fill, the flowe ry leaves am ong, Sated wi th thy glo ri ous feast, T hou li cst d own to en dl ess t·csl."

We pl a nted but few cliffl'rent fl owc t· see ds in o ur· ga rden la st sp rin g. We cultiYatc d a t rcllt s of sweet peas 111any ,·m·iou s co l ors wh ich in blo om ckli..- htt rl tt s n il the ,.., s ul11tn l' r·long. Th cv see med to in v ite us to ta kl· ft·om th em,. for th e o ftl'n cr th ey

" ''-·r·c tlr t..· rnnr·t· tln·y scenll'd to \' ic ld . Th l· n we h:t cl :1 11101111<1 of ,·erheni a$ hut th t..·i r· ltl oo m only c: t mc pn >ph ct ico fth c •·mel nncholy d:tys ." In nnother· p lace wc pl:tnt l·cl thl' seeds, ;rnd nltt·rHicd \\'i lh grent cn r·c: :r c:lus '.c t· of c: rr·rHoLi ons. They wt•rc st i ll th r·ift\ · :t nd lo c:: tu tif11l \\'h t·n \\'illll:r cn m c: so with c:t r·c: \\'<.: tntnsplant cd t henr in out· d i 11 i ng r·oom. Th e fntgt' <l lll'C \\'h idt they so gcnl·r·ottsly g: t \ 'l' ofl' led me to enjoy tlrl·m frc q11 e nll y : tncl n ca r·. One dny w hil e I \\ as enj oy in g the fn tg r·ance of on e of the se I he:u·cl an l'X tt emcly so ft hu t ag r et'ahle murmuring so und. It was e1rsy t<) gu c:;s tha t so 111 c li tt le :11 ritn al ft)rlll \\' tiS pl<rying lhc p:11·t of :1 mu sici an, and th at the s oft :t n<l pc t: uli : rr · c:tcl cn cc ..:am c fr um the o rgans of a lo n el y s ui tc.:rl tC• pr·odu ce il. \V is lr i ng to s t 11 d y t Ir e I it tie in sect in it s 11atur·:d cnv it ·onmcnts, I aclju sted a mieruseo pc for clo se oh se n·n Lio n. Dis tend ing the l owe r· pru ·t of Lir e Oowcr· n nrl pl acing it in a full li ght r co uld di :-:l'0 \ '(' 1' tr oops uf mi nut e in :-: <:c ls. fr·isl; in g ancl about in wild j(lllity am ong the· tlti iTO\\

\\'hich the k:tYt::-'. In th i!. \\':ty I ga :111 oppnnunity nf !'t uclying tht:Jll. : 1nd this fn1· many day::- tng cth<.·r. \\'itlt .,ut. di:-:ttJJ'hin,!.!' t ht:m 111 tht: least, n1· hn·:tking in up nn nn rm :tl mutiiH' nf lifi..·

L' ncl cr gla:-::-:. the n1· of the i nt o a vast plain; the st<.:1n:-: of Iva \'L':< bt:c : llllL' t runk s of so nt:tny pint·s: the skndt·r thn:a d:-: in Ll tt: <.Tnt 1·.: of the pink !i ec: me cl col umn:-: of m assiv.: :-: u·ut·tun• :-:uppol'l in g sho\\'y OJ' II :ti ii L' n l:-: :tL th.: Lop: the na rro \\' spaces het \\'L'<.:n \\'e i·<.: int o :t\·tnucs, part<.: I'I'L':<. and t L' J'J'at·cs. On polished fl on1·. IH ·igh tc 1· t h :1 11 l'a ri an mn rhlc, \\'al k ed in p: 1i1·s, alon e·. 01· in t'0111pnnie s. the glos:-:y. \\' in gcd i nh :th i ta n t:-:. Th t:se l () the: u naidcd t:yc. little dusky creatu r e:-:. \\'ere ,·aisecl. undc1 · thc mi cr oscope, to glorious glittc1·ing :t n ima l s, st: tin cd \\' i th li,·in g JHII·plc <t n cl \\'ilh a glns:-:y, ,·ch ·cty go ld that wou ld ha \'L' m adt: a ll lab ors of th t: loom co n tem pt: t hie in com pa 1·ison.

As they thu; promt:nadcd t l11 ·ough the Oor:t! an nues, onc coul d n ot fail toadm i1·e thei r elcga n t lin t hs t heir ve l v<.•ty adonland th ci1· w in gs : th <.·i1· bac ks ,·yi ng with the cmp)T en n in it s hue; and thei 1· eyes, a th ousnnd in one , ou t-glitterin g thc li ttle pl<tn cs of the diamond. Wh at jolly lTOwd s; \\'hat fli rt in g. \\' h at waltz ing tn the mu sic of their s il ke n and bu zz ing w in gs. Hen: ancl the r-e in quiet de ll >' the lo,·e1· sa ng hi s Some co ul d be :-:een lta rJing fa\" OI'ilcs fl '0 111 wn Jk to \\': tJ k, amo ng the p ed'um"d gn>YC:<, and st o pp ing bet i mes to taste a cln >p of purest necta r just iss uing fr·om some Ye in wi thi n the

li, in g- trunk. Here we re the pe rfumed gro\·cs. the mo re than Tl1)T tle s hade s of p od ·., fancy fu ll y ren lizc d. He re the hapPY lcl\·en; the day in da lli ance. - in th e t riumph of their litt le hearts, skiping :I ft er o ne a n ot her fl·om s tem to s tem anHl llt! the perfumed fore sts of pninted t rcc:-: .

In the of o bse n ation of t hi s Aowe r-\\·orld I sa \\' sc ,·c r·al s ucceed ing gene ration s of the cr eat u re s wit h \Yhich the Ao\\'er wa s pe op led. l'nclcr the eye of the obse t·,·ct· th ey pa . sed thro ug h se Ycl·al su eccss iY c s tates of the egg and the t·cptilc-like form in n fc\\' ho urs . After t hey burst fo rth at an in sta nt int o fu ll gro wt h a nd perfect ion in wi nged, almo st angelic fo rm. In th is th t·y cnjoy<.·d thei 1· spa n of life as muc h as we rio ou r th ree sco re years and tc n .-thcy fea ste d, s ported, re,·elcd in deli ghts. fed on life-gi,·ing fragran ce that po u1·ed itself out at a thousa nd o peni ngs; enj oy ed thc i1· loves, pt·oyi dcd fo r su cceeding progeny and aftc1· a h appy life thus fill ed up sa nk into an easy dissol uti on an d an "end less rest." From s uch a st ud\' we m ay co nc lu de th at na tu1·e h as prop o rtioned the period of ex is te n ce of eve ry livin g thing to the mea ns of su pport. Du mtio n pc1·haps is as muc h of a comparatiyeq u antity as is magnitude; a nd these, to us, ato ms of be i ngs. arc so constituted in the ir o1·ga ni sm that minute s to th eir percep tion !t:ngt hen to years. In a Aower destined to r·cm ain n few clays, le ngt h of lifc, according to ou t· id eas, cot1 ld not be gi,·en to it s i nh abita n ts, h ut it co ul d• according to thei1 ·s.

A lorn jaclc ct is soo n lll c nd cd; bu t hard \\'onl:-: hn1ise the h eart of a c hild .- Longfellow.

THE CA LIFORNIA "CHI NE£ ."

Uy A n ne ll r ;,,..,fn·n

p eo ple e::.s l of th e Sier ras h an: a very clear und cn;ta nclin g of lh t: cxact s tatu s and th e tru c chnm c le r of thc C hin ese in C aliforni a. Tht• id ea s of th t: majo ri ty co n ce rn in g o ur nl mo nd c \' cd cous in arc dcr i \' c cl la1·gc ly fr om rendi ng newspaper d es er i pti ons of the Chi n esc qua Iter of Sa n Pr:.tnc is co , from li!i lc nin g to the repo1·ts of re tur ned mi !is ioun ries or f1·om a pee p at Jo hn him s elf thr mw h t he d oo n\':1 ,. of a la un d•·y sh op . T he l ot: tl of pr ess ions ga in ed fn1m lh c se soun:e s is g enera ll y 1: 0 chi s effec t: the Ch in aman is :1 sort of ha rml e ss h cat h c: n, who d1·ess cs out landis hl y, wh o prepat·cs a rodent diet and wiH1 spe nd s hi s d ays th e \\'ash -l ub a nd ironin g- ta bl e a nd hi s ni gh ts in an opium de n or a ga mbl in g r oo m. Th is is only pa rti a lly t ru e of the ee lcsti: tl . He d ocs mu ch more and mu ch le ss , is mu ch b ette r and much worse.

Th e majori tv of Chin es e r eta in lh c it· n at i,·c dress bu t not a few a dopt the Am e rica n cost ume and ncc as iona ll y one is s een who h as ost r ac ize d hi.m sc lffro m his k in hy !-'ac rifi cing hi s prec ious qu eu e. As to diet, in a land where foo d is as a bund a nt as in Ca lifo rni a then: is no need of Jo hn '·s t·obbin g pu ss of her la wfu l prey. Th e C hi n es e the re s ub sist lar gely on fr uit , fi sh a nd v ege ta bl es and se ld om indul ge in a s tr on ge •· dt;nk th an th e ir na ti onal he vcrage-tt:a

Th e m os t Chi namen is the ir a ddi c ti on to the op ium h <1biL. The o pium dens in S an Francisc·o arc no tori ous, b ut th e pm ct icc is not con fined 1.0 th at ci ty, fo1· nearly cv et-y Chin ese village or co mm un ity in the st ate has its hun kroom. This room is a sma ll cl os e apar tment pro viclc.:d \\'i th t·ough w oo den cnuc he s. Here the me n reclin e and smo ],e their l on g CUI'\' Ccl p ipes con tn ini ng o pium , unt il ovet·come hy t he h t: a\' )' po is ono us ,·n· pot·s, th ey lap se into an a lh11·in g dt ·owsi-

Il l''-'- :ll'l'O IIIJI:tlli< d Joy llll' llt:d

tl ll•IJ i Ill" ; I rlt ; l l II I i ); l' l II )' () I'

L·x:alt:tt io n, T Ill' t•nl.'C l ::' of tltio.. pt·ntiviolll" inrllllj.!l' l lt'l' :1 n·

t'\'idt ·nt in tltl' 11111rld\· co ntpl txio u,

h t•:t\,Y l'_\'l'" an d tl t•_jl't' l t• d l''>t ln lL n: IIICCOf tlJ i.'

h :1hit u :d opinnt

H ut th t· C lt in :1 n t:1 n lt :l!'- ,,. ro ,HkT f ul ,·it:ility :1 ncl t·x t l:lf•nlin:ll·y ptT !-- i,.:t<.:n. y. and in nf'ttll h ,Y.t.:it·nit·li ,·ing. in of t'\·il

h:th it!'- It t· li \'(· " . .,, ]; , : 1n rl :1:-: :t ru le. n tnllt'."· t ht· ;.:-u:d ,j' hi :-: : tt n hit ion. of :t li\'t·li hood an: m: l ll _\' :t nd \': 1ri" 11 s .\ l uc h of th t: wo rk O il t' :t JH:Ill.' :-: : 1nd :1L th c lt tin t: :-: is do tt t· by l hc

Chine se tht·i1· 1·ci:J tion to the C: tl ifo rn i:1 hu s ll t llldn t :l ll :1ncl hn sin t· ,.:,.: t11 : 111 :1gc·t· be i ng so nH: \\' lt :tt :-:i nil:ll ' l" tlt : 1t nf the to t he :-: oot Jth tT n ph n ti.T : 1ncl I t: dian to th e i.':IS ll'l' ll t·:Ji] nl;tC] l'O II tl·:ll'tU I' or lllill l'

Ju,s:-: . Th ey pl ro\\' cli g. lt : 1u l, pul l: pu sh : 11 td s t: t'\'C :t s h c: t :-:ls of hu nkn . wlt crc\'i.' r

ltulll:tl l on<.::-: :t t't· II L'I.'f kcl . Bn t th e su pc ri ot· i nt c lli gt·ltC l' of the C hin:tm:tn, to g cthc r w ith hi s m:tttt t: tl ck xt et·it y. fit h int for a mut·h li gh le 1·, t:: o:-: iu· \\' ot·k, nn d it is ve ry co mn to n l11 set: hi111 in t ht: nd c of I nckcd hi s dcwility, hi :-: n:ti ct: n cc , hi s di spatch, m: t kt: him :1 f': tt· mo t·c cks ir:th lc se n ·n nt Lhan tl 1c gt-c <:n, :t s:-: <.Tti\' e I.- ish gir l. .\ s to th e.: Lt·ick of wie ld ing a bt ·oom, hnndl ing a mop n nrl us in g a dish- clot h, th al il' so on le: tl'll ed hy cle ver Jn hn. The C hin n111 [111 n .: ac h es tht· e lim :1x of dome st ic !< lli ll. h o\\' t· vct-, as :t t· nolc I lc s oon len n1 s to Ctl ll C'OC t C\ 'l' t·y cli:-:h pk nsi ng to the of c i,·ilize d 111 [111, lt·o m Am e ri c [l n pi c ton f' n: nch s :111U:. IIi :-: :-:e n·it·<·,.: in thi s cnp a c-

i t_v nrc in demnnd a nd n go od Ch in c!'c t• oo k

t:n s i( _y COl111111 HI1d s f't'O I11 :-: i xt_y tO <I hlln cJn•d

d 0 Jl 11 I':' ; I 111 0 II t h . l\ lnny o f' t he C hin t. :-: <· h<l\\ 'C \·cr. fr om

choice o•- ne c s:-: il y. h:1vc thci1· O\\'n :-: p ec inl

inrlu st t·ics :1 nrl nr t: the ir own

T he I:J uncll- y ln t. :in t.! s, of co :! I se , !l ou rishcs

in C\' LT\" tow 11 :11H I lw rnl et. hut thi,.; fur·wor·k fo r· Inn :r limi ted num be r. :.\ I any o fthL· C hin c:' l" hu y YC,!!I.' tabk,.; whi ch th ey in th 1..· to wn,; Th c ,- c vt>gct:rh le \"l" lld t·r·,- :11 ·1.· quit •.: pi et un:,.;q u t· one L' :t n·y n po ll" :rho ut ft Tt fn 1111 which is Sli SJl l" rHk·d :1 holcl i ng abo ut a Tht :-:e n·gl'tabk ,- :rre :-: old hy \vt·ig ht pr L':< UIIr : rl, ly an >ir·dup oi:< e. hut the "h <::r then C hi rll: e' h n,.: long :-: im:e ll' : tntcd fro m hi :< ci, ili zc cl Cntr<:: t:< i nn hr·ot he r the t!l lw dt Tin: cl fr ·o m :-:e ll ing tw elve or fo un<..T n o ttni.T:< fen · :1 po und . :\l ong th e :r ,- ·r·y eo n11n on purs uit among th e: C hin e :< e. A ll :< o n:-: of fro nt the l!l r cl lv ,.: :tim on to th e: si hTr ·y h <..· n-i ng :1n··en ugh t. :r re t <J a nd or· ar·c to pr·iv: rt c: f:r milie:-: Bu t hy far· th e m os t in tc r c::-: tin g and uniqu e fon n of th <..· fi s hin g indu s tr ·y is wh :t l is kn o \\'n ;r ,.; fi:<hi ng. Tht: s quid i:< in .-c::tli t_y n ot a nt a ll, but n 111u llu s:, c.: l o,.:t:ly : tlli c.: d to the c utt le- fis h. It \ ':.tr it·s in si ze fnnn a few in c hL• s in k·ngt h to feet . Th t• kind pcr·fc rrcd by th e Chin e:<<: : tJ "l.' ab out six long : rnd an· \Tr·y ab und a nt in rh ...· Hay of Mon tt: r·ey. Kca r· t he to wn of l\•lo nt cr t>y is a C hin e se Yill agc: , t he inlwb it an ts of \\'hi ch [ ll 'C a ll cngage cl in th e s quid indu str y. The: fi s hin g is e:. 11..-i c.: d on by ni g ht o nl y. Th e men go out in l: 11 ·g·c r ow-b oa t s, Sl'\T t'a I kc<:p: ng t ogc.:t hc t· n ncl co ns titu ting a grou p. To t he of the diffcr·t" nt in th e: g .-c >t tp is at tac hed a hu ge net. One ho:t L c all ed th e fire-b on t, h ns p mjcet in g fr ·o rn one si cl e nn it ·on b as ket in which faggots :ue bu.-n ed. Thi s b ont is st atio ned in th t: mi dd le of the g..- ou p. Th<' sq uids. att t·a ct cd h _v the li ght, throng nro und a nrl un de r· the fin :- b oat. a nd in so do in g pa ss OVL'r· th e s pr ·end net; t hu s they nrc ca ught. Af te r· be ing hr·ough t to shore, th e s quid s at·c.: so r te d; th t: l:tn!'cr, fi nt•t· on es arc and th en put nn h uar·ds tt• d r·y in t he s un \V ht·n in p n>pc rct•nditit .r l they :r re p:re kc cl in sa :t a nrl sh ipp .d to

omc arc bought and u se d for foo u by the C hin ese ther e; most of th em, hO\\'e \·cr. arc sent to C hina wh cr·c they a rc es tee med n gr eat dai nt y. Tt ha pp ens that the re is a hca yy du ty in Chin a on im ported sa i l. buL nonc on sn it fi sh. Th e wi ly Ch inanw n i:-: not slow to ta ke a dY an ta ge of th i:-: and tn a nn g cs to s mu gg le n g n:·at dea l of snit i nto Chin a by . a nrlwi c hin g it in with sq uids Th e sma ll er. in fe ri or n ot fit for foo d arc s prea d on the grou nd. \\"h en rlry , they arc nt k ed ton nd so ld as a fc ni li ze r. rc a rc acres n nd ncrcs of these s quid gro und s or sq ui d fie ld s n en r· l\ lo nt ct·cy , and it is nccdkss Lo st ate th at th e odo t· ft·om t he m ts n ot rtkin to th:1t of :1 '' south wind o' er a bed of vio k- t :-: ."

It is in the sma ll er to wn s a nd co mmun iLi es that th e C hin ; man appe ars to b es t n d,·a n tage. Tli crc partia lly iso lat ed f1·om hi s kin a nd t> n gaged in rura l or dom est ic purs ui ts . he be co mes to a ce r ta in ex te nt Amc •·ica ni zed. It is in lar ge citi es , pn rti c ul:t.-l_v in Ch in a to wn , San th at he is nt hi s wo t·st for· there he is at home, a nrl the r ei nfor-ce me nt of num be rs g i, cs co unt enance to hi s r ace p cc uli nrities. He is no Iun ge r a de mi -ciY ili ze d ap pend age of w es te rn soc iety , no longer the pun·cyo t·, th e: lac ke y, th e drud ge of the "Mc li ea n ma n. ·• bu t a tnt c desc end ent of Co nfu c iu s a nd n l oya l s ubject of the e mp eror. Hi s oc cpp at ions arc va ri c cl a nd i nterestin g. As mc1-c h 'l. nt he di splays and se ll s o dd t•·in ke ts, b ea utiful fa brics a nd co stlv W[ll·es of w oo d, m eta l a nd i vo ry ; as l·cstn urnn t k eepe r· he sc r·ves r·ea ll y pain t ab le food nnd m ost de li ciou s tea ; asa p ot h cc ray he fin ds am ong th e affii ctcd rea dy pu •·ehas ers fm· nn u sc a t in g co m p ou n ds for whi ch the "t hree we ird siste r·s" mi g ht have fumi s hed th e fo rmnl a; n nd as he n nt only sh aves ehius and hc :nrl s, hu t c!ea ns en r·s a ncl c_ve- ba li s of pat ient paHi s c hi ef pl ace s of n•so1·t arc th e Joss-house o r· te mp le. where h t: pays hom;tge to ha rl nr ic d eit ies; th e thc ntr·c , '· hcr·c

I he s its an a pprec ia ti ve li stc nn to a pl ay s ix ho ur s long var ied on ly by e xc ru ciati ng music fr om "t he u :-c h es tr·a;" the ;.:-amblin g places wh ere he stoica ll y ri sks hi s all; an cl the bunk-ro om. Ch ina tow n p rese nt s otl ter orl di ti cs equ a ll y pmn o um:c d a nd su g1

gests •m qu•t•es even m ore h onihlc, fullv jus ti fy in g Br ct Harte' s op in ion,

" Th at for way s t hat an.: dal'l t

An d tricks th at ;u·c \'ai n. Th e hea th en Ch i nee is pec ul iar."

Th e race an t ip athy ex is ts in the Sout h betw ee n the Whit e Man and the Ncgm is sca rcely mo1·c hitt er th an the fee li ng of the aventgc Ca li forni an a gn in st the Mongoli an. Jo hn offe nd s in many \\'ay s. He und er sell s the Whi te Ma n, he wo l'l<s for l ower wages he spe nd s but l ittle: of hi s ea rnin gs in t hi s co untry, an;l w ith hi s d i!-;.! ll"'t i ng h :tl• i t : 111 d "" t I:111 d i:-- h \.' ll " lOill>" he i!- ;, <.'O il !- l: tn l hlot foil \.'i,·i li zation. On d1<.' otht·•· h:tnrl. th \.· China m an he lp :- to th t·l:tiH JI ' p• .,J,It·nt ffo l· Californi :!. S oll l \.' fill \.' h:t -. \\'l.· ll -..:t id t hat JH:n pk :tiT I Ho r·ll to 1·i•k. ot h l' l.,.. Ln lu: ri drlt:r l. In \.'\ ' \.T _\' fn> m th t: l; n·pl'l' to the c:•pit:di"t lfJ ririe. :111 d h \.· fi nd:-; in th e Chi11:un:•n :111 l'f l il-il·llt Jl:ll'k -l wr,;c. L ooked :1t fnllll :- t: 111dp n i11t . 11 0t the imp o1·t;1nt f:ll·to •· .,f t he qu e:-t i(JJt i-. not wh:1L C: difnn1 i:1 do wi th th t: C hin <J m:111. hu t wh:1t co tdd do without hiri1. A of inlllt igrat ion is hu t to close th e l (l lTill ;t ll L' IItl y to the Cc l t:st ial \\·ou ld pn•h : thly 111 11 0 ;.,:- t·c:tt goo d fo1 · C: di fn 1·n ia : tnd wo uld a :'· s ure dly pn n·c :1 ch eck to in tl'l'll:t lion:d

TYRANNY AND TRAGEDY.

C. H. Thur ber in Sc h oo l Nn ·iL'I I".

THEhi gh_sc h oo l is ou r o ne Amc•·ican e du catiOn al s pecialty. Duc so lclv to ·the mar ve lous ch: ve lop mcnt of thi s u nique ., in st itution the U nit ed Sta t es is ab le to report as many stude nt s in s ec o nd a ry sc h oo ls asGcr m any . F•·anccand Eng land com bi ned . , The s upport g •·anted to the hi gh sc hoo l i s, n il in a ll . generous and ad eq uate. The interests in tntste d to it are of v it al im pqt·tan ce to national s trength a nd pr os pe ri ty Th e tea c hin g fo r ce is goo d a nd r ap idly b eco min g b ette r. To pai nt a gl ow in g impre ss io ni st picture of the hi gh sc h oo l sit uat ion is an easy a nd g•·ateful ta sk, to wh ich end many pens h ave b ee n dipped in l iqu irl go ld and ma ny s il ve ry to ngu es b ee n l oosened.

B ut du rin g the pa st summe •· tt·agecl ies ha vc been enacted on thi s stage; tr aged ies of in te nse loca l in te t·e:-t, a nd t 1·a ge cl ics that hav e nat io nal signi fican ce. ln at lea sl

tht ·c-.· of the

Clll CS hi gh sc h oo l of lo ng cx pt'l'i <.· ll cc and hi gh st an d ing in the h:I\'C b ee n compe l le d to r es ign o•· hn Ye J' lltldcssl _v b ee n "cln>pp e d" f'ot· IH.: ithc•· pe•·so nal no1· The undcr th e i•· cha •·ge we •·e a ll in :1cl mirnh !e con dit ion. th l· me n thems el ves \\'eJ·e <tm o ng th e t·ecug ni r.cd k acle t·s in the prof ess ion. No ne were ap pr oac hi ng th l· tim e when nge might st·t ho un ds to thc i•· ac hicvm c nt s. In one ca se so scc J-ct ly w< ts th e.: ma ttc •· man aged th at no hin t of a prop osc d e hnn ge I'C: Ic hccl the.: p;·in ci pa l or hi s r, ien d '-' un t il the time eamt' in the b oa •·cl m eet ing to elect the p rin c ip n l. when :1n0ther man vY::t.S no minat ed nnd electe d. l1. nl the ncti on was n pa rt of the s mnllc st cal ih e 1· polit ics.

Th ese the ir f[ ttenn· know n f1·om one e nd of the c: cHtn t I'." to th e oth er.

Th ey hi gh today in the of th• :ir fellow they eYe r s tood. Th e in Lhe ir· o wn liY el' h n,·ccnll c cl for·t h Lhe TheY will no do ub t. he a hie to take up so me ot h er lin e of or . in Lim e, th ey may sccu r·e tio ns in ot h er schoo l sysk m s, len \·in!! ho rn e a nd fi·ien rb nnd o-o i na out " 1:> b int o n lll'W wo rld , n ot of the ir o wn indin ntion. hut b<.: c:wsc th ey mu st if th ey wi sh to co nt inu e th <.: ,,·o r·k to \\ hi eh th ey h ad dedicat ed the ir · liY es. Jn no ot he r· pr ofess io n. fr om bootb l ack to j udge, is such tyrannY p nssib lc.

Hundreds of hi gh-mind ed teac hcr·s hn, ·<.: paused in th ei r en r·ccr· of pt·ofcssional progn :ss to them se l ves the qu estion wh et her· it is n ot b c· tt er· for th em to ch ange to so me ot h er li nc of wor k b efo re th ey a rc too o ld to ca r ve o ut a ca r·ecr in an ot her field is the usc of thei r st r·i v in g for emiut•n cc in hi gh sc h oo l wo rk if they nrc to be r·cwardcd wit h dec a pit a tio n as soo n as th e ir h ea ds appcn t· ab ove the cro wd ?

So me thous ands of ten chcr·s are vitally affec ted by this m at te r, but t heir inter ests arc as n ot hin g co mp are d to hundred s of thousa nd s of c hild n:n a nd m ill ions of ci ti%C n s. Th ere is no quest i on a mong c i, ili ze,J n ations a ny lon ge r· that a n at ion to be stro ng mu st be e duca ted. Pru ss in di scO \'crcd t hi s f act at the beginning of the ccnt lll·y; Fra n ce, a fter Se dan, decided th at it was the Pruss ian sch oo lm aste r that co nqu er ed: Eng land is ju st nO\'\' aro us in g to the sig nifi cance in n at i ona l d evel opment of

op p ortunities for the secondary education of the ma o:!'cs; but no country h as done so mu ch in pro Yidin g a high gm de of educatio n fontll ns h as the Uni ted States. St ill , beautiful sc h oo lh ou ses, labo rato ries, s pl end id lib ntries, laYis h expen di tu re of a ll kind s are m ere gorgeo us s how , unless the high est gr ade of teac hin g ca p acity co ntrols and utili zes t hi s equipment

The prizes th at the teachi ng professi on o ffers arc at best in considerab le from a wor ldly pai nt of Yi cw by the s id e of the a ttr act ions oflc red in Ia \\', m ed icin e, and ot het·lea med ca llings. But to perm it po li ti cal influ en ce so to shape the situ atio n that a man who h as ob ta in ed the pt;ze, th ereby demons tr a tin g hi s ca pacity fo r· leaders hip, sha ll at any moment h ave the p ri%e s umm ari ly wres ted from hi s grasp, be agai n d eg ra ded to the ran k s, or fo rced to escape to an ot her city or st ate , or, worse yet, driYcn a fter yean; of de arly bought experi ence out of the wo rk tow hich he wo uld gladly d evote hi s life- such a policy as t hi s is ca la mit ou s. O nl y fo ll ow it long enough a nd we sha ll s urely ha ve o ur scho ols mann ed by the un am bi tiou s, the ill -tra ined , the lo w-i dea led ,-t he na rrow-gauged. Shall we in scribe over the d oo rs o'f our hi gh schoo ls, " Onl y the best are goo d enough to g uid e o ur yout h, " or th at ot h er s pl endid mo tto, "An yo ne is goo d en o ugh to look afte r child re n ?" If the people once un dersta nd t his questio n, there ca nn ot po ss ibly he a nv doubt as to th e ir answer.

Truth forever on the scaflolcl, Wrong foreve r on the t hronc,Yet th at sca ffo ld sways the fu t ure, a nd , behind t he <lim unknown, S tand et h God within the shadow, keeping watch above his own. -Lowell

ASTRONOMY BY THE LABORATORY METHOD IN HIGH

/:1 · ff t: rlll: rL /: ru wn clf

IFby t he laboratory m et hod is me ;m t such obser vat ion a nd in ve st ig at ion of s el ec ted llhcn'Jtn cn :• pc t·tai ni ng lo : my su hj cet as sha 11 yie ld to th e st ud en L an a hn ndan ce of essential fac ts; if il me an lh al fr om the many su t: h rei a ted fn <.:l s •·eascma hk· expl an at ions of th ese phcnomcnn 111 :1 v IJ c expec ted fr om·th e who a nd logica ll y; if it be a ma nn er of so pt·cs en-t in ga su bjcet through i t. !' ph enomena to th e mind of the stu de nt th at he m:1y n·a t: h o ut to wa rd s co nclu sions of a gc n en tl n at ure, to the pt·in ciplcs a nd law s w hi ch pet·ta in to th at subjec t. , ns a di rec l to hi s ow n observati ons and thoug ht pn>ce sscs ,-if t li ese h C' th e a im s of labornto•·v m et h od s of tea c hin g, then a st ronom;· may be t hu s ta ug ht , and it dema nd s such ma nn er of p'r esen ta tion to th e s tud en ts of o ur seco nd ary schoofs.

It is fa t' o ur ptu·p osc to pose as an i ns tru ctot· in pe da go gy , o1·to en te r upon a ny p sy ch olo gica l di scu ss ion wh atsoeve r. Yet it we re pa r do n able s urel y; to 1·e-st ate as a card in al p rin ciple of e du cat ional wo t·k t ha t ment al gro wth •·cs ult s only ft ·om mind act ivi ty t·ightly direc ted. As t he hi gh es t a nd b es t of the ph ysica l bein g dema nd s th at l'\"C ry mu s cl e ha ve i ts cxe tTisc and dcvc lo pm cn t. so th e mind in i ts cve t·y c npa c ity to be ex er ci sed.

One s ta ge in d eve lo pm ent of the s cience of cd uca ti on wa s co nt e nt to hn ve the st ud ent memo ri r.e th e wo rd s of the te xt. n :gard k·ss of an y full co mp rc hc nsion of the thought ex pre sse d there in . It was a gt-ca t step in ad va n ce wh en mas tct·y of th e th o 't of the a uth or wa s mad e of pt·infc imp o rtance, an rl the exp re ss ion of th at in the wo n-Is of st ud ent him se lf was cncou ra ged ot· t·ccpti t·c-d. The re n·mai ned a single ste p furth er anrl w ith many n teac her it has ycl to be tak en in th t: fu ll ro un d of th e scien ce: wo t·k , th e t-e qu it·t•tncnt

t)f ll t·i;_:-in :ll thtlll _!.!" il t i"J"IJ il! t !J (.'!< tll dO.:J il:t!' Wt'J :1., ot·ig- in: rl t •x pn·:--. io ll nf th oug h t. To n'qui n: o!" :- tll dt.: ll t..., in I Jill !< tTOIIC lat·y !;C hooJ::: in th e :-t ud y of :1 11." n ot hin g furl h l'r th: 111 of ti lt· tiH >IIg" hL of nn nuth or

a :- o.:x pl ·t·:..:st:d in til t· t (.·xt-l,.,nk i:-: nci tho.:r

Jll O!' t eomp lt- te ni JJ · thv lli O:<L pt·oli t nblc mc:n L: 1l :1cti \·ity A !!ow in g th :t t \\"(· h:1\ 't' in h on k !'; \"O.: tit nhk nf tlw t·i(.· he :-: of :lgt: :< of hum nn

c.·x pc.T icn eo.: - th:t t : 11 "1.: pt·ofound. lan gu age.· th: 1t i:..: :..:: r: 1nd thoug ht c- x pn·ssion to whost· depth :-: : 111<l t11 wh o !' t' heig-ht$ wt· tn:1y :-: :: lt Te l _v hn pt: tn :1 tL: 1in. t'XJl i"C:::Sion s that m:1y tn x to th e ut tc nu os t ou r o.:nd e a\·nt·s of 11 lill: -t ime to IT-t hin k tla: m. ht1111 hk Lt ·:1vc.: lt-rs :1s \ \·o.: nt T o\·et·wc llm arkcd m c.: nt :d hi g hway s :111d in g a ll thi s. it c ontcnckd Lh<tt th e gr e:tt ..-r n.a nf put i nl o th e hand s of o ur s tucl<:nt s n re not or l his c: hn rn cl <: r, and lhn t th t• \\T it c.: n ;o fm o clenl tc.: xt-h oo ks for ti Ceu ndnry sc hoo ls : 11 ·..: few who s c.:ck to do o th er th nn to pu t h c.:fon: th e st ud e nt in the.: s im plest . mo st e lem c: ntnt·y tnann cr p oss ibl e the fa ct s of the s uhjc c.·t tt·ca tc.·d. It is the: fa cts t ht•ntscl vc:s and t l1c mannc:t- in whi ch th ey pt·csc nt ed th:tt n fpt im c imp o t· t nn c ·. Au y t:IJttt·se in sc ien ce that s hor t of t·cqui ring ot·iginal thinking hy the sl ud cnt t hinkin g thn ti s ba se d up on facts t hn t :tn· lt:a ve ned th nH tgh and throu gh with Lhc reti td ts of pcn ;o nal ob sc 1· va ti on a nd inY c :> tignt io n, m ust ne ed s bec ompa1·atively h:ltTcn r)f menla l g nl\vth u nci vigo r.

Th e l o,g ic :1l of !' uch views is to n 'gru·d the t ex l- book in scien ce as a 1·cfc rt' lll't' h oo k in ve1·y sim ple co mp ac t f 01·m, furnis hing w hat sha ll he n ee ded to s up p lem ent tl w n :- su lt s of th e.: s tud e nt 's ow n efforls in obs c...- vat ion : nHl thoug ht -n rcfct"l' ll l.'t' hoo k diffct·ing n ot a w hi t in frn m the othct· t·di:t·t·nt: c hn, ,ks fo un d in any wdl np p nin tc ci lah o ra to t·v :,; :1\. c.· in it ,.;

usc :t n cl th:ll i£ 1:-: the :<Ludt.•nc's <J \\ '11. ll :tp pil y th l·cl:ty pas t wh <..' n tlu:

sc ic iH:c st uck- nt nf o ut · !"l'l'Ullcla n· sc h oo ls was l ook c.: cl u po n :ts a cliscon: n: r. as ouc who by h i:< t tw ti cl c.: cl l'frons w as to n:·l ' Sta hli sh the l :t w :< , an clthco ri c:; of the :< uh_jc.:<.:t h e.: JIUI '!< UC.:d :tlld a ll thi:< :IS :1 l'l'• s ui t of hi :< nw n i nn·stigation :< The :;tory of Agassiz. h is st ud c.: ut :t nd th e.· fis h. ma d e: to t l': ll' h Jl i'L' JlO:<tc.: r ous lessons. lu m ost of th e sc ic.:m·cs th e: limi ts of ot-iQ'i nal in n:stiga tion : li T wl'l l deli n ed . the n eed nnd u sc of text : tnd n·li.T l' ll l:C.: we ll esta bli shed in laho ra to t·y wo r k.

In ast rouo nt y h n,, -e,·l•t·. o ld c:<t of th t· sc il: llCl's, sc ic.: n cc of the nw tc t·ial uni\·cr Sl', the st u de nt is too o ftc.· n <:xpectcd to ku o\\· Srl \' l' wh at hi s author tdl s him , to c.: ulti va t<: no mc n t: tl p owe rs in i t:; st u dy san: th e tax in go f an :tlt·e:t cl y OYc t·-bu rdc ncd mcmo t·y; or. t hi s powct·s arc taxc.: d in ma kin g- out \\'hat the autho t· m ea ns in his tex t n nd tlll'ough, exercise of the i mag in at io n, in pie tu t·i ng wh at the a uthor d esc rib es as ex istin g.

In any attL'tnpt to apply th e lnbom tm·y m eth od to the teac hing ofns tt·on omy t11<·t·c is th e sa me n cc.: e ssi ty as in the o th er sc ie nce s th at no ti me he w aste d u po n compa r atin·ly un i m pot·tnn t plwn ome n a; thn to bse n·at ion sha ll he so ca t·cfu ll y c'l ircc ted as to read il y ac qq it ·c the d cs it·cd facts; and that these r es ul ts sha ll he so rela tc cl as to mak e ge nera li zat ion poss ibl e. Th at thet·c a rc di ffie ul ties in th e \Y ay is tr ue , bu t t iHy may );.u ·gcly be in e lud c rl un dc t· th ese h eads: (1)

A fa il ut·e on the p <Ht of mn ny · t cac hct·s to ap pt·ccinte th e fact that although many of the ph <nomen a of ast t·onom ica l sc ien ce r cq uit·c a pp a t·a tu s too ex pcnsi ve a nd t oo co mp li cate d to he an til ab lc, and mnny of th e co nc lu sions nn: t·cnc hcd tht·ough r easo ning too abstract to he w ithi n the co mpt·chcnsion of the st ud en ts to be i nstn tct c.: d, there st111 is w id e t·angc fot· ob ser vation ancl infen: n cc fu ll y within the eomt-J t·ch ens ion of pupil s of Hi gh Sc h oo l gracl c. (2 ) Th e t exthoo l(s in ast t·onomy \\' ilh but an exce ption

m· two. n ot on ly te ll all th e fac ts, thos<: th at the st ud ent en n easi ly ncq uirefot· himself un der di rect ion well ns those beyond hi s nh ili ty a nd op po t-bllli ty, b ut, wi tha l. their pages nrc ct·owdcrl wit h n:ady -m ade in fe r ences from th ese facts . m ak in g it wh olly un m·cess:u ·y fo r the pu pi l to do any t hin ki ng him self beyo nd th at involve d in lan gu age intlTp r ctat ion. He ma y st ud y ast ronomy and co m plete his cou r se wi th :-;can:c ly more of of h is \\' Ork to the phenom ena about hi m tha n ex ists betw ee n the boo k- kccp in goft h eH igh Schoo l a nd the act ual bu s in csscon di tio nsit is supposed to ex hi bi t. ciencc teach in g in any g rad e of sc h oo l shou ld s ur ely n ot make memory and im a ginnt i on a first consicle mtion -o h sc n- nt ion : and th inki ng a seco n dca ry ma tt c l'.

Wh en teac h ers of ns tronornys ha ll be co nte nt no lon ge r to in str uct in t hi s sc ience up on a basis so,, ra di ca ll y cliAe rent ft·om th at of th e ge net·all y r ecogn ize d labo ratory sc iences, and sha ll dema nd tcx ts fo r labo J·ato r )Tcfc n.·nce books that are fi ll ed with fnc ts clea rl y and logica ll y a rran ged and ha"'' te r se sta t eme nt s of the theo ri es ad Yan ce d ther efrom, t oget her wi th such ptio ns and ex pl anat ions as are b eyo nd the ab il ity of the av erage s tud e nt for who m th ey are w ri tte n, but are at th e sa me t im e frce of a ll such m attc t·as may properl y be r equ i red of s tu de n ts as the r esu lt of their ow n obsc n ·ati on and think in g; \\'he n tcac h en: s ha ll de mand th at g ui des a nd ma n ua ls for the st u dy of ast ronomy !': ha ll be fu rnishe d even ns in ph ysi cs and in chcmistt·y, to th e end that lik e p l'in c ipl es of i ns tr uct i on and of lahom to t·y pr oce d ut·e may be app l ied to to a ll a lik e, then a nd n ot un til then w ill pu bl ishers co me to the relief of such teachers as a lt-cncly see k to secure in the teachin g of ast t·ono my in secondary schoo ls the fulln ess of i ts p ossi bili ties for me n ta l d evelop me n t. c\·en as wit h othc t· sciences. in addi tion to i ts va lu t' other w ise so fu lly t·ccogni zt' d.-Popu /n r A st r onomyJo t· Novembel'.

THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

y y y

A Magaxloe devoted lo Ibe lnleresl!l of the Slate No rm al Sc:h ool ol Nebras ka.

Pu blished by the Facu l ty 0 11 the fift ee nth of th e mo nth

] • A. BEATTIE, Editor. ]. D. Bishop, Business Manage r.

En t ere d at t il e p os to flie e nt Pe ru, .VeiHn s lcn. li S mn il matt er.

Terms, 50 cent s a ye ar

Wh at are the qua liti es of th e boo ks w hi ch ought to be put int o the h an ds of c hil dre n and yo un g p eo pl e?

Am ong o th er qu a liti es arc the fo ll o win g: Bo oks of r ea l li te rar y me rit , of tru e p rin c ipl es , of sou nd t eac hi ng. of p ur e fai th, of hon es t courage, of ea rn est devo ti o n, of g enuine enthu sias m, ofl oya J wo rd s, of p atri o ti c se nt im e nt a nd s turd y v irtu e.

Wh y as k t hi s qu es ti on a nd w hy make thi s an swer? For t he fo 11 ow in g reaso n s:

1. We liv e in a d ay whe n a ll p er so ns, at n ll tim es, in a ll pl ac es, and un der alm ost nll condition s, r ead.

2. Bec au se a b oo k is a s il e nt constant force wo rkin g it s v it al char ac t er in to the life of the per so n who is und er its influ en ce.

3. Beca u se a book is o ne pa rt of the m ate ri als of kn o wl ed ge up on whi ch t he mind a ct s and fr om w hi ch it ex tr ac ts kn o wl ed ge and in corpo r ates it in to i tst: lf.

With ou t giv ing any ot he r r eas on Jet us as k whe th er or n ot the ans wer is s uHi cie nt to m eet the req uireme nt s fo un d in th ese three r easo n s.

Wh at is a b ook w hi ch poss e sses rea l literary me ri t and wh at are the ad vantages to c hil dren and yo uth wh o h ave in th ci t· h and s a b oo k of thi s cla ss?

:-\cgat i,·cl y. tilL· l :t ngn :tg L wh idt hn. l itl" r :try ml·rit : tiel " in l"'"l" t·y wny t hrough th:t t which it n nl cl o. Li ternry JnlTit n ot uftl·n fo und in co mp nny with ,· iJ e wnrcl s. with of dou btfu l propr il" ty :tn cl of unp k: t s:t nt

l'ositi , -e ly. li tc r: tt·y me ri t hel ps to the pt wi fic: tt io n of sp eec h. to g i,·e grnce nnd cu ltu re to c: tttsc n ·litt l·mc ll l in an d mo r ab.

Th e tru l: :t n· c qu : tlly a nrl hel pful in thc it · t-c l:t tion to pt ·cscnt li te : tn cl du ty :tnd to futun: stre n gt h of c haracte r ::t nd us l·fuln css. Th e s nm c is true of the tt:ac h in g of n h oo I; lVI an v l im cs t hi s n oti on ot· th al, thi s f; tl sc id cn or· th at, thi s w ea k pl ace or tha t c an h t:ncco un tc cl for by t he kin d of teach in g in so me h oo k r end ye a rs and yt::: ll·s

Pu re faith and ho ne st courage are no less fntitful in goo(l re sul ts ns th ey wo rk them se lv es in to tht: ch ante te r of the hoys n nd g irl s a nd then wo rk the msel ves out d urin g ma nh on d and , ,·oma nh oo d as th ey go about d ai ly du ty nn d as th ey tak e up th e r cspo nsih liti cs of co mmuni ty a nd s tnte. Ea rn est de vot ion and gc nui11 e en th usinsm :1 re eq ua ll y vn lu a hl e in ma kin g a la s tin g i mpress i on upon the n ge in w hi ch O lll' liv es.

L oya l w ord s a nd pa tt·i ot ic sc ntim ent nre qu a liti es ·w ith out \\·hi ch an y ma n, any co mmuni ty, any st a te is -..vcak -11ay w ithout w hi ch neither ma n nor communi ty. n eit her sta te nor n at ion ca n hope to Jiv e.

Sturd y v irtue is that qu a lit y w hi ch is Ctldu r in g in man and n ation s a nrl th at w hi ch cau ses a co mm unitv and a st ntc to p rosp er.

If the hoo ks pu t in to th e han ds of c hilrl ren an d yo uth at h ome a 11d at sc h oo l poss ess ed th es e el eve n q ua litie s, o ne of the mi g ht y const ru c ti ve f orces in mode rn ci v ili zat ion wo ul d he so rel ate d to th at \>v hi ch oug ht to be th at no gt·eat t im e wo ulrf p ass unt il the wo rld wo uld he wh nt it oug ht to h e.

TALKS TO Y OUNG MEN.

By H enry Sab in, Educ a tional Exchange.

llE:-; ,\ ltt i :-;E:', IU \\' .\, I'HIC :·: / f) CE:-\ 'l' S.

li tlk h oo k of !l:! p:tgc>: cont ain s the whidt \\' ere lll :tck to th e g raduat in g cl:tSSl'S of the hi gh sc h oo l of C lint on, lo \\'a, u po n the Jll'l'Sl' nt a li on of the dip lom as by the !I on. ll c nt ·y Snb in. during the Lim e he h :trlehn r ge of th e sc h oo ls :1s su perintend en t. Th l· lit·st nn Kn o wkd gc, Sc ien ce :1 11cl Re li g ion w:ts g-in·n in 1, 7-t- a nd the on Stt·in· fo t· th e Best. in 18, Th e a lumni as>:oc ia ti ott of the sn 111 c hi gh sc h ool in \' ite rl him to aclc!J·css i ts me mb ers du t·ing co mm en ce men t. 1 89 1. Thi s addt·css h as fot· it s titl e, The Wo rk of Life. Th ese six tee n shot·t addresses :uc well wo t· th th e 75 ccn ts the hook costs and arc wo rthy of the occa sions up on whi ch they were given. They n il bn:a th e th e ri g ht kind of s pi t·i t : tnd a t·c full of such t cnc hing a nd inspit·at ion as a ll p erso ns ne ed. Ma ny of the se n te n ces , bits of wi sdo m, apt qu ot ations a nd l ines of p oe try a re we ll worth com mi tt in g to mcmot·y. Besides all t hi s th ere m·e the ear n es t word s. the in sigh t, the cl earne>:s of , -is ion and the m ora l p ut·p ose so n eccssa •·y if there is a dcs it·c to make a l ast in g impt·css ion

As an exa mpl e of the qu a li ti es men ti onc rl take the cl os in g wo •·d s to the cla ss of 'S G.

"Yo u gointothcmidstof a bu sy , j os tl ing. cr ow ding wo d d. Hope a nd fea r, joy a nd so n·ow. l oYc a nd ha te , ri gh teousness nnd wi cke dne ss at·c stt·angely mixccl,-b ut God is ovc t· a ll."

Jl ow long we Ii ,·e, n ot yea rs but actions te ll ; That man li ves t wi ce who liY<·s hi s first life we ll ; !\ l ake then, wh il e yet you 111 ay, yo ur God yo ur friend , \ Vho m Christ ians y et not cn mp t·ehen cl.

Th e nu st that 's giYen, g- un nl , an d to yo ur se lf be

Fo r li\·e we h ow \\'l' m ay, yel die we mu st.''

CYR'S FIFTH READER.

By Ellen M. Cyr.

G l:-\ 11: & C0:\ 11' .\ :-\ Y. CH ICA GO. PH ICE 70 CTS.

One of the t hin gs whi ch ma rk s t hi s pct·iod of Ameri ca n hi sto ry is the art in boo k ma kin g. To t hi s the text-book is no exception unless, ind eed, it be in the hi gh degr ee of excell en ce to whi ch the art is cart·icd. Th e series of whi ch the b oo k nam ed ab O\·c is one number is o ne of th e best on the ma rk et. Thi s is true of th e sty le, mate ri als ch ose n, the m ec ha nica l execution and the i llu st r at ion s.

Befo re the t itl e page is a , -cry fin e pr ese ntio ti of St ra tfot·d on A von, en graved by Ro bert Va rl ey fr om a phot ograph. M any of the illu s trat ions in the body of the book are very goo d. One of the best is a fu 11 page prese n ta ti on of the Batt le of Ma nil a Bay

Th is yo lu mccontnin s 96 se lec tions whi ch occ up y 4 1-± pa ge s. A Guide to Pronunciation CO \'ers one page a nd twel ve a ddi tio nal pages are occ upied with an alph abetica l li st of the m ost difficu lt \.YO rd s found in the b oo k.

The se lect ions arc made from suc h we ll known and sta nd a rd w1;ters as Lo rd Lytto n, Ja me s Lane Alle n, Wordswort h, Th or eau, G oe th e, Edgar A ll en Poe, Colerid ge, Juli a Ward H owe, Em erso n, Channin g, Go ldsm it h, Maca ul y. Br ya n t, Te nny so n, a nd ot hers of eq ual mcri t.

Wh at a c hild uc cds i s, n ot so much he lp to kn ow what is ri gh t, as h elp to do it, especia ll y wh en c ir c um sta n ces te; np t to. t he o ppo s itc.-Ca lcl c rwo od.

Educati on and fre edom arc the o nlv so urces of tru t:: great n ess and true h appine ss amo ng the p co pl e. -J o hn B ri gh t.

Cducational

QUESTIO NS IN PEDAGOGY.

e. C. ll c:wc:t L. in Sc: h () u/ n nt! ll f! rne f :'rl uc n£iu u.

I tal<e f,·om th e S und ay St: ho ol T im e !' the n::Hl 1Tl \' tit It- l: k!l r . \ I'L<T th e.fo ll owin g story of discip li ne in ;1n o ld time Su nd ay sc hoo l. T eac hin g nn d rl! ;:c iplin e a rc, or o ugh t to be. gove.rned h \' the same pri nci p le s in S un d ny sc hcwb an d. in se eu la1· sch oo ls:

Se,·en \'<.: years a go the1·e was :-t l<u·gL· Su nday school con n ec ted wi th one uf the Wa s hin gto n city churc hes. Al l east, thc s cho ol w as l m·ge for tht: Lime. The l ead er. 0 1' su pe ri nten de nt, w as c all t: d presi cl cn t or the sch oo l In the th c1·c wa s on<· ve ry naug ht _v b oy , whi), th <: tc ache 1· cl cei clecl, was 'unma'J1agab lc, and , after ma ny

t.he ag reed with the p1·es idc nt of the seh fto l th at the h oy mu st be c xlJ'e ll cd , and tliH t it Oll <>' ht to be . ' ,.., d on e in the mo st imp ,·essivc mann el· pn,.;s ih) _c : · fhc pt·csicl cnt 1Ht d no c all -hdl, hut kno cked on the ta ble when he wa nted :ttt ent ion. Acc ording ly, ut the sound of his k 1i ock the te-a che rs a nd pup ils looJ,c cl towm·ds h im , anrl he requ es ted the teac hc1·s of the noisy boy to lead hi m out hefo1·e the scho oT , and have hi m s ta nd hy the

Then the pre si d en t asked all to si11g 'Alas! a nd di d my Savi ou t· ble ed ?" was no S und Ry school m u;:i c at that tim <.:. 1

The bo_v join <.:d he ar ti ly in th e si n ging, fo1· he had s o. nne a voi ce thnt he was really a lca cl e1· mn on,e; the ch il dren

The president then ga ,re a ,-c,·y so lem n t al k and wa m in g_to a ll misc hie vo us pu pils, a nd ga •e out an oth •: 1· hy mn" \N hu1. I c an

di n:el <.: (l t iH· te:lchLT or th l: IH I\' to lead hi m nu l of t he hou :-: e n nd o11t , .r th t· lh· tJwt ti 111 L' the chi Jd i'l: ll :1 1H I 111:1 11 \' of th e.tt·acht·,·s we l'l' \\' <.:<.: p in g. The C) ld hn rl chu n: hy :1rd s a 11cl 1:-tq.:- e ThL· t <: :-tc hc1· Jt. d the ll ll _\' O tl t of' so le mnly put him nu l of lll l' ,L!::t lt:. cl os in g: it e a1T f'ull y.

Th e ;1g: 1i11 s, •ok c to th cc h il dre1t of the g1-c at wn ll1 g t il t: hoy h ad done hi mse lf, nn d th at they mu st nol he in fl ue11 e t' tl by him if they mel h im du1 ·ing the week.

On n t·x l Su nd :l y he l': l ll1L' to the• sc h oo l \\'i Lh a smi lin g face , and \\'h il e th etc aeh <.: rs t1·ic cl to be gla d, th ey h a. tll y knnY -.: h at to sa y

The sma II h oy w :d ked up to th e p1·cs i cl c nl ' !> t; tb lc b efore the op ening of thL' sc hoo l, amF sa id: " [ came bnc k to si ng an _v ho \\' . r don 't mean to he h:t cl, l1ul it' ,.:: :1\v f ul lnn g: t im e to he so :·;ti ll. Don't vou k 11 ow li tt kh o\'S don 't l ike sue h- such so ie m11-is tlwl the 1·ig·h t \Von ]? It s t fo r gi rl s, I hu t I \vish we co uld m.> vc nnm d l itt le or do som et h in g. I \\'i ll he a goncT though, ;f yo u le t me sl a y. '" Af'te r sci H'lo E the p1·csid cnt asked th e teach ers to s l: :1;• fo r n Sm ith. \Vhat p1·inci pie s of p edag og_\' were ed in t hi s case of rri sc iplinl·? 'vVh :tt les so n& i nc h il d -st ncl y ma y he dn t Wll f nHn th< s to ry ?' \Vhnt co ur se co uld h; l\·c b ee n tnkcn

t he hoy t h. ·tl "" ou ld h a'<t.: heen :.1: J:c :.d' rl is L'ip-

lin e, and _n.: t h:t n .: correct pcdngo1-.>i c.:a ll y?

qt.tl'!<L io n;.: : tn·asked ;.:t·t·ion;.:ly: a nd , if SO ill C or IIIII' rea der ,.: \\"i] ] :tn"\\'Ct' tltl.'111, it 111<1_'" he of ill tc·rc·:-:t : 111d ]lH1I iL. b oth to

and to ot her r eade r s. \ \'c should be glad if thi,.: dcp:1r·tment co ul d be a field fo r excha n ge of and expe 1·ienees t hi s yc:tr , mo re t han in pa" t yean: e \·cn. Le t us h ear from yo u.

S TU D EN T WORK IN ENGLISH IN THE NORMAL.

The ex ample nf c ompu"ition \\' or k g iY en in t hi :-: i:-: ;.: nc a1 ·1.· r,·n1 11 t he T 1·:t ining c l:t sse,.:. A ll one :l l 'l' from the Fi1·,:t 'l ea r C T1·ai n ing cl:t;.::-: . :\n :t tlc n tpl been m ade to b ri ng :tlwnt :t n .: f'unn at i on in the \\':1)' in \\' hich thin g;.: a rc to he ;.:: ti d. In ·tc:1d of a ll owi ng the \\T i Li ng· to go on in a s lc l·eoly pc d. !<t il ted nw nn L· 1· , th C' end "ought \\':l S an ea sy , n a tn r: tl ex tha L :-: ho ul d sh o\\' :tn in cJ i,·idn ality ba l' k or it. At the sa me ti me \\"h al \\'a s :-: ai el \\':t f' to he pu t in such a \\":\)' t h:t t the mi nd of the r eader cou ld l ay ho ld 01 it \\' ith the le a st po ss ible di fficul t Y. '

·I sa \\" fi n.: men o 11 the t1·n in Four of the111 had sm all \'a li scs and \\" Crc sitt in g by the s to\' c play in g canis. The othc1· fn ll o\\' sat ju st acr oss the ais l<.: J'Cad i ng a bi ble.

:\lady ca me in and too k a scat in the h ack end of th e c :t r, a \\' ay fro nt the sto \·e. She h ad a b aby in he 1· anns, and it w as ct·ying. She got up a nd as ked th e· bib le nt an to get h er a dr in k fut· the b aby He loo k ed up and scn \\'lccl.

One of the li.: ll ows pl[ty in g cards, jumped up and got the dr ink t'ot· her a nd t um i ng to hi s co mpa ni on s said, "B o ys nHJ\'C back and let this l ady lut, ·e ou t· s:.: at, w il l you'" They all :tn S\\'c t·d in one vo ice "C c,·tainly." Aftc 1· ma kin g het· cn mfoJ·ta blc, he;: we nt back and the y wcnl on with t hc i1 · ga nt c.

The nutho 1· h as n1·guecl a que s tion hc 1·e of'no lit tl e mo men t. True, a rea d L· t·might i11fc'J' mon.: t han the auth or int e nd ed, but p eo ple of te n j) I 'O\'c more thnn th eY in tend. or s om et h ing not in t( n rlecl nt all, \\'it h lo gic.

In a t um ble clown hou se fi,·cd a g irl and her "t·aJHifnt hcJ·. Th e gi d wh ose name w as I sah t:ll e was a ta ll, slim g irl abo ut f1ft cc ny earso lcl, th ou orh one wo ul d lakc her to be much o ld e r. Th e m an spent mo st of hi s l im e si ttin g in fr ont of the h ouse \Vi th his cha i1· ti pped back aga in st a tr ee, t ry ing to sec by means of a s mall fi eld g la ss , wh at his neigh bo r w as doing and ca llin gc \' ery no w and then to Isa belle th at the co\\'S \\'ere in the co rn. lfy ou sho uld n tcct him anndtl're he would b egi n to te ll you a ll bis sa yin g "I never sa w such neighbors as t h ev ha vc h ere th ey nc \'c l· co me to see me at al l. - Th at ma n o Yer ca st to ld me nc\·cr to co me on hi!' place and I knO\\' 1 ne \'er laid a s tm\\' in his wav. 1 ant n ot able to work a nd I h ave to ta ke of my g randdaughter who docs not do en o ug h wo rk to ea rn her h oa rd \\'it h out ta kiug h er cl ot h es in to accou n t."

A boy went whi st ling down the st r eet s wi nging a lu nch basket with o ne h and and in the ot h er c;nryin g so me b oo ks.

:\ lr. H ill wa s doin g- so m cca rp ent cr wo rk n e0- r the sc h ool hou se. The boy st opp ed and watc hed hi m a while, th en ca t·efull y to ss ed ab o ut so me s ha vin gs th at were on "the grou nd

Finally hi s eye caught sight of so me th in g b1·ight sh inin g, He gla nc ed at :\ I r. II ill then picked up so m et h in g and pu t it into hi s pocket. Il c wa lked q uickl y a way and fot·got to whi stle. But pr ese nt ly he sto pp ed and see med to be t hinkin g. He too k it o ut of hi s p oc k et . It was a q uar tet· He h ad nc ,·cr befm·c had so mu ch money at one time. li e sa id, "T hi s ntoJt..'\' is n ot mine' it is :\ l r. Hi ll 's , but then he h as pienty more quraters He does n't know it was the re ." l.l c \\·aI ke d on a few st eps, then stopped agai n ami see med to he study ing- the .. F inalh· he sai d nlou ct, '' But it woul d lJc :ow d. wo ul d m nt h ct· sny? "

ll c wa lke ri b nc k to :\ lr. Hill ' nnd sa id " ll crc

is nq ua ti:cr 1 fo un.d underthos es h a'" i ngs. \'nu mu st h ave Lost i t, s ir ?"

"Y ou did eh "? sa id r. Hill, "l c..licl lo se on e yeste rd ay

The be ll was now rin g in g and h<:forc Jl ill co uld say a nything more he w alked q uickly towa rd th e sc h oo l-hou se, t irn e w hi st ling a liv ely a ir

Some d ista n ce cl own a s mall \":t l k:.r e nclo se d Illy mo unt a in s, we saw a sma ll v ifla gc with one cz hureh steep le t owe ri ng above the r oofs of the ot het·. b uildin ,gs, wh ich wen: covered with th -:= tigh t, ne wly- fa ll en sn ow .

The mo n1ing was pl casarttr an cl the IJt·o.cin g a ir made o ld j oe to ss hi s bl ack n wnc and ga ll op at fu ll speed d own the r oad ir tlo th e na rrow, qni ct v ill age.

Th ere were but few pc1·so .fl"S t o. be see n. LLen: and th ere gro up s of schoo Lc hil dt·c11. stour l w ritrng the ir names in the sn ow

As we turn ed the ccwn.ct· we noticed ve t·\: s ma ll boy g azin g in•to thc w ind o"· [1.t the hak c.r a.s he tossed h is do ughnut sfr om the pam;. to lhr: ta bl e. Prescnt l_v the b oy stretc hed o ut his bare band in a way to ask for 011.c. The mau inside wear in g n Lo ng whit e ap ro n a nd white cap. sh oo k hi s head . Soo n the bright e ye s tumcd downw a rd a nd the little hoy tu.rn.c d <LJHL wa lked slow ly away.

By: the wide sanely 1·oacT· th at Tee} u-p from the· ri ver to the little t own of Hiram st oo d a- sma ll hou se w hich loo k ecl to. be u ew ly painte dr yct it s sty le told i t.s yea rs

A taLl wo m an with a sad .ca re- wo rn face snt hy an open w ind O\Il wit h her h ead. in her ha nd s .. She did not h ear th e. co rwersat ioncarried on, on the old depot platform by men who secm.ed to. t hi nk th ey m ust witi ncS& t he co m.ing of cvc r·y tra in

''No I ten yc, _f ack, that•·s not rig:ht ;.t h at's uo c t!ae way 1: h ce rd it. He w a.s n ot in hi s offic e. at \\'h eelin g, a.t a U, wh en the telegram He had ji st le ft eve r _l£t h.il'l g take keer of it se lf we nt o ff to one of those swe ll pati: ies. I te U ye \\.-hen a fellow iS. goi ng tO> be an: o.pc r ato J·-,.,

Their comrc1-sat io11' was. ln-o u gll't to an' en d a;s th e tra in ro ll e du p.to• the statio n. A ha nd so me yo ung man wrt h: l:u-ge, brown eyes and dm·kr wavy h a-it·, a lrig hted fr cnn the train , cn)s sed the and opened t he Vitti.c frn-nt gate wit h H c li ck, arou si ng hi s mothc t·, the sa cf. cmt - wo nT womo n by tl're opc n w ind ow . H ow h appy s he was fo 1· one mnmc 11.t. hut t.h c. cln u.rl sctt lccl oNer· h c.L- fac c aga iu

The chief pur l"' !- '' of the :d HI\T is d1a r:t l 'llTi%:1 t ion . Then: :t n: m: 111 y wny:::. h_v whi ch eh:tr:tcl! 'l't·:tn l n.: lllll'll':l.)'Cd . might go to wo 1·!; :t nd <.·:t t:tlu g uc ccr l nitt "f t:h:tl·:tt'tl·l· hut th e ,·cader would s oon tl1 1·n awa\· hn.: :t usc he find :>: uot h in;..: in S ll l" h :1 pn ·sull<t tion that rl'mind s him of :r n·:d. li ,·iug he in g. \\" c fo rm o ur opinion s of Jll" <>Jllc fn1111 \\" h :tt wc them do. :rn d wh :rl \\T them sny If ).Jl"OI'Io.: in I HH• ks :1r1.· to IK· : 1n y thin g- to us. th ere mu st he th:t t w hi t.: h sha ll rc minrl of l iti..·. Th e r-e la t in g- by nn :tuth or ol in l'id o.: nl s <.:O il l"l" nt i ng hi s men : tnd wo men. th i ng s : tll ows 11 s to ht·:t r th cm sa y. nil pk :'t s<: u-s h ec:u, se \\"l' e :tn fon1t11l ntc nnd gt'11<.:n tli %<.: just as \Ve do in O il II' eve ry cxpc riciH.: e with being s. A wr i ter can a nd ought bouse :t s cl c ,· iccs for te llin g us : tho ut p co-ph: we em-pl oy ir lt ev t:ry d ay li ft: . I r 0\V dn \\"(.'lind O ll t tJcoplc? In th is we hnve an enum e ra ti on of th <t d eY i ccs by v.: hi ch tht: au th ew chal·actcJ·i·%CS.

But why s pca.l< t hu-s n fc- hn-n11..:1:er i aa ti on'?'

Th e principle und e 1·l:t ying su c.ccc::.!' fHl wo rk in t hi s phase of w1;t ing, fon ns the fo-r eve 1·y ot he1· :-;o rt oF w ritt en di sco nrsl'"

The tn an who nrg> u es. a p,-o po s iti o·n not pr ove it hy rec it in g mere fac ts ami fi gt1r es , bu·t t: h csc, wh en Figb tl·y i'nt€'rp c rt ec+ and mcrcl t• to appc:d t o. th e: 1uind the tnrth o-•- fal sity 0f the pr opos iti on _ Tenn yso n •·s "Prin eess' · is an poe m .. but •vh at for·m do cs t he arg um ent ta kc ? The words a LHl c.lc cds of the p eo plearc emp l oye d.

It is tn uch easier fiw thofic· be g._iu ing to• wTitc to wit h people Th t>v l•n ow abn u•t people and lh erefo r twl·ite int c ll cgc·nt ly. vVt;tt:en· cli seo nrse in: aH it s ph ases is no i11si g nifi e an t s tud y. lf a l-ife-time is eve n t<-> :-tpp ron t'l ll pe rfection,. on e year is c(' rtainl y too sh or t :ou t im e t 6). cl € al- w ith n ll ph ases of thi-s gr en t :11-t

\>V hen st ud ents w h n n :: t !'> te::rcfr

lJl1.t.a sb.ot:t ti m.e iJ1 st udy., tb.c w:isc. tb.Ul1!,

seem s lo hv to fix :1 pr inciplc :111d tr ust to se lf-c xer·lion for· brg·cr· de,·clopo ment If on ly the two pr-in ciplt:s - visu n li zat ion nnd c har·ac ter izat ion -arc empl oyed 111 o ur g r·adcs , we sha ll :r cc omp li sh Ycr·y much mor·c than we do when c hil dren nrc made to write t hin gs t ha lrnca nno thin gto them.

O ne t hin g at lea st wi ll be s cc ured-nnt u ra l ex presio n. W c sha ll not be c0m pe ll cd then to spe nd at least a ha lf-year· in u nd oi ng t hin gs lcamcd bc c:11r sc of a lack of direction.

It is to be h ope d th at the time wi ll co me

wh en we ca n req uire m ore exte ns ive preparati on for teac hin g. We are to some extent g etti ng away from the id ea th at a nyb ody can t eac h c hil dren. Gm de teac h ers do not n eed to be spec ialists unless the y co uld be s pecialists in every s ubj ec t, bu t the y do n ee d to kn ow a good dea l abo ut ve ry many s ubj ects.

Engli sh is not an easy subject to present, but the difficu l ties are in cr ease d ten-fold when the te ach er him self is n ot fam ili ar with fo un dati on principl es.

A PATHWAY.

TJy ]. A. Edgerton.

Life's go lden drea m of regions brig ht Beyond the niaht- beyond the nightHas to uched ti'te earth with holy light:

Has fi ll ed the soul with murmurings, As if it were of unseen wings And vo ices o fimm o rt al springs;

Has pietn r ed on the spirit sig ht A p at hway, like a ribbo n white, Th at g limmers d own the Infinite-

The path imm o rto l-like a gl eam

Of gl ory, l ike a hidden beam

Ofl ig ht from God-life's golden dream.

9/ormct!

B. S tone Pn:s id e ut

A. c; . .... ...... . .... ... ........ .. \ 'ic c Pn·,; i tl cnt

Edith C:1 rpen tt:r .... ... .. . ... .. Sccrcwry

Edi th :\ln,;n; ...

7Jirectory

\Y Uill cr Prcs ident II . L. 13ardck ....... .

id

A. Bbke

cc n :t ary

Art hur _l an1c,.: Treas urer

Com \\'il ,-o n CI·it ic

S. :\ 1 1\ixhy Sc·rgcan t-::t-Ann,.; \ Y. R. Buc h:tJHl ll Pres id ent

F .:\ Hnn in !.ib rat;au \\'m E. S hum an \'i ce Pres id ent :\ Iinn ey K cy ..... . ... . ... . ......... Rcc.ord in g Secre tary Fn1nk Stoc k lo n Co rresponding Sec re tary

\\" . T. S\c\'c n ,.:n n

."..... Pl·<·s id c nt Bc,;sic Fisbec ... ............ ...... . ........... . .... Treasurer

A li ct· \'ol"l; \'i cc Pn:s i clcnt E. \Y T ow ne L ib ra1·ian

Ju l ia Pitt ant Rccol'(!ing F ra1 1k .Vundny ..... ........................ . ......... ..C ri tic

Ed na ::\lillon Co H c,;pn n ding Secretary CICERO:" IA:".

P en d Stc,·cnson TI·cas nrcr

J. \\". :\ 1 ill cr· • lt-ss ic A. ll e nni g C1·itie

\\'n1 E. S hunwu Pr cs ident r\. t-:: Ln cschc n \'i ce Pres id e nt

F1·:1nk S toe k ton .......... ··.···.................. Sec r etary y. \\". l' \. E. H. Fi thian ... . ................. . .. . .. . .......... Treasu rer

E st hn· :\ . C la1·k ........ .... .. . .............. .. ... . Pn:s irl cnt .\T II E:"I A:".

Addie D. Dean .. . ............ . ...... . ...... \"icc Pres icl c nt

Cl ar a.-\. Dcan Rcc ol·ding SecJ·cta1·y

C1!1·a I liii. : CmTcs pon d ing: Scc l·cra ry E dn a :\li tton

Stebb in s .., President Ruth Ha rri s ................. . .. ... .......... \'ice Pres id ent

Nelli e Ha rri s Secreta,ry Ala Nc,·il! c CI·itic

no rma l School ;:acuuv.

1. ,\. IIE .\TTI E, I.L . H., Frc.-; irh:nt, ... Etbi cs, Eciucat ion and Pedagog-y

·I,I LLIAK U. STo:s EJ{, Prcceptress

1. L. S 11 E LD O:--<, 11 s Natural Hi s to 1·y ·l·TEH nEW!' Bno\\":"ELL, 11. s., P hy sica l Science

E. A. \Vr!ITE :"ACK , A. 11 ., ...•...... .••..

Ger man

1A '-':; F. I-I osH.:," Eng li sh Lan .;,ruage and Litera turc \1 CoOK Hi sto t")' and Geog-raphy .J. :\!. A. n., iVIa th em at i cs

EsTII EH A. CLAI{K, A. M., .......• • Latin Lan guag-e a nd Lit e1·aturc

AI'KE :.r. GosHE:", ..... ... ........ . ..... .Su pcrin tenclcnt o fT1·aini ng Dcpar·tment

L. W. FrKE, A. •.. .. .. ........................ ... .......... Ps yc hology and Pedagogy :\ I AR ,\ L. FEHGVSO:o-< , ..... . ........ . .. ........................ . .. Adt h mctic a nd Algeb 1·a GEO I{ GE N. PonTER, A. n. , En gl ish Language a nd Li terat tll"C I'EAH L s. KELLEY, Primary a nd Cri tic T eac her Lol"I "E \V :\1[EA HS, ln te nncdiat c an d Cri tic T eac h er Lo u E. Kindcl·gai·tcn and C ri tic Teachc1· OcEAl'l DAILY, Reading an ci Eloc uti on HENI{Y H. BAGG, A. n., D1·awin p: and Pai n ting t"LA ;\•!. SA t ":" DEn s, Voca l :Vl usic ::\1. DA\"I S In !;t rumcnta l ;\ lu sie EL\".\ E. l.ihm1·:an

News Notes

and Locals.

Miss !'lcllic Cole h as retu rn ed to ::;ch oo l.

W iJi a,·d Davis is t eac hin g n ca r Ea rl , .:-.l"cbraska.

Miss Kate Sm ith '95, 1s t<: ac hin g n car Jo hn so n, Nebraska.

Th e memb ers hip of the Athenian d ebatin g soc iety is stead il y increas ing .

Mi ss Grace Di ll on left recently to begin t eaching at her home at Ge ne va. Nebrask a.

Miss Daisy Ca rp ent er is in Lin co ln purs uing her s tudy of mu sic wit h Miss Florence Wo rl ey .

Severa l new pupils ha ve been en roll ed in the primary a nd int ermed ia te gr ades durin g the past few week s.

The Medal Cont es t und er th e supervision of the W. C. T. U. was well attended. Pau l Blank ens hip was awa rd ed the meda l.

Miss Mears en ter ta in ed th e t eac hers of th e Inte rmedi ate Depa rtm ent , at a hom erece pti on, Thur s day e\ren in g, No ve mh er 1 6. She was ass isted by Miss Gos h er:.

:VIi ss Ber ni ce \\'on. '!)!J, h as en te red the Slat e l'ni n:n: il Y to t: d 'L' spc ci:d wor k.

Miss je ss ie B1·idgc. '!>7. a nd Miss Margu,·ite McCu n e, 'Q7 <t iT t eac hin g al St. Pmtl, t hi s stntc.

Miss Ger lt·uclc.: Ca re y h as the sy mpathy of a ll in the g•·cat a ffii cl ion ·w hi ch h ns come to h c1· in the d eat h of her b 1·o th er at O maha .

lVli ss Ma ry Scan lo n, of Ceresco, Nebraska , a nd Mi ss Lea Ma rk of Omah a, are l ate addition!; to the band of yo un g l adies at the D01·mitoi-y.

The se cond yea r cla ss h ad a socia l at the h ome of Mi ss Pa tty Matth ews , November 14·. A prog t·am was pt·epared and r ef,·eshment s se1·vcd.

Mi ss Olive G riffith, '85, made a vis it to h er A lm a Mater, Nov·ember 15 a nd 1 6. She represe nt s the mi ss iona ry depa rtm ent of t he Chris tian C hurc h.

Ne lJl·aska City was we ll favo red with [,·o m Peru on Sat t.trday,November 11 Six of the Facu l ty a nd seve ral of the students were a mong the n umber th ere on that da y_

::\lr. T on tH.T h:t:-: kft

:\It·. An ht tt · Cri nk i:-: ll':tdting lll':u Elk City.

\ li s:-: :\ l :t iH: Ik l k:tttil·n·turn l·cl ho ml·from Lin co ln f(>r Thanksgi,·ing

H owe, '99, in Ncmnha Cit v. Amos Guy Joy and :\ en l \r vne came dow n from Lincoln for elcdiou.

Rcssie Abrnms h ns •·etu rncd from Omnhn where sh l' went to nttend her brother's

The \I i:-:scs Rcws hn n' h:l(] \I i,-s Jcnnil· wedding. C·ttJaan of 0111:1 :t:-: a ,·i:-:itnt·

l\ li ss ) ! :tude [ 1 at·klT :-:pe nt her· Th nn ks1-,ri,·ing va c atio n at bet· h ome in Columb u :-:.

A brothn a nd :-:i!;tc r ,·isi tcd with \lis:; Gcr r tude Ca t·ey dtu·ing Th an k sg i ,· in g vncntion.

\I iss St:11·k. a mem be t· of the Se ni o•· who left :-:c h oo l on :teeou nt of illhea lt h, has rctut·necl

Th e gr:t m m:tr department of the pntcticc sc h oo l now hol ds its ow tt c hn pC'I cxcrcist·s twice during ead1 week.

Th e class oo ms of Miss Kel ley nnd Miss M ca •·s n •·e es· 11cc ia II v in vi tinrr t hi s te nn b with thcit· artist ic dccot·n tio n. L oo ], itt.

ll ercn ftt-t· whe n the sc ni on; at-e to h an· for ts, they wi ll new the stm·s in detachm en ts so t hnt some may sta nd gun r d. many a s lip .''

In a debate of the S. Af.-i cn n ques tion 111 Wc ll ingtonian Novembet· 10 , the Boers found an ab le advoc?te in Miss Pittam, '00, who!-'c clea r prese n t·• t ion of thci t· right s so utterly dis r eg ·••·rlcd in the intct·ests of Ens.: li sh am bi tiun, was co tl\·in L·i ng.

:\lr:-:. \\" C. Hnll (Pt·Ml E. Rockw oo d, ' 95) been ,·isitit!gi n Peru with he t· li ttle son Guy.

:'kh t·nslw City is to h a,·e a public l...::indcrg-:u·tcn, a nd :0.1i ssCorn l \\"hi te, '99 (I..:inclct·ga rtc n) h as been elected its teacher.

He:;tet· L:111 c. An na K ru se Ne llie Ho m, Edith Da hl stro m, Aln Nevil le a nd Mabel Sm i th spent th eir· Thank sgiving yacation at hom e. .:/-

Ot·. Denttie aftc 1· hi s retu m on the th irteenth gl addened the heal't s of mnny of the students by br in ging them n ews from home nnd Joyed o nes with wh om he had n:cc n tly C< >11 \"Cl" Sed.

l\ Ii ss St on er wus gt·eatly in d emand in the Donn i t<:>ry hn ll s on the eYe nin g of th e fifteenth. Representatives of classes h ad to ta lk with he t· abou t the time of lca\·in g for and re tun1ing- ft·om class parties, wh il e less for·tunate in div iduals must each make arrnngem e nts for hers elf alone. Some wished to get as mu ch sleep as possible yet be awa kened with out f<1i l should the looked-fot· ph en omenon occut·, while othen; wished to take a rlntn tage of the tempontry suspe n sio n of ru les to put in two hout·s extra st udy on delinquent lessons.

Th eY M. C. A. lw !' a hr:tncl n ew qu ar·td .

Dr·. Bcallic wa !; rrt t ;n•c:kv tlw 1-t h in t fo r· an acldn:ss.

\lis!' Xon Colnon who lw ... h ct· JI .... it·k for seve ral weeks is no w ; rh le to he ()Il l ,:J.

Th elcel ur·c hurc:a u \l o ncl :r y Dccc mhc:r 4-lh as th e dale fCJ r lht· \\' e t-- r·n Sta r s.

.:\ I r. Edw a rd j :1 mc s. '!)!) , w ho is Le: tehi 11 g at Kewp o rl is in Peru un t il afltT th e.: IH Iidays on aecouJH of i ll hc: : tlth ..

Art icl es app <: :tr t hi s mo nt h, on e i11 tht· J ourna l c.fG c og r·:rphy l;y .\li ss .\lc.: ; rn; :rnrl an other by l'n >f. Pi ke in C hild Stud\' Month!\· ·

•;J.

Scvcn tl of the hand ha vc: orde red new un ifo rm !;. A co nccn pn>gram is in c.:o u 1·st· of prepa r at i on. Two or lhrc.: c new rne mbers arc soo n lo l 1c: ta k en 111.

;J.

i\lln;. \Vnltcr· l'r ug h (En r Bales 7! l) rlicd at her· hom e in Benson , ::-.Jchntsk; r. O ..: t. 29 last of ecmsum p ti on anrl was bur·ied in Sp ,·in gfic lcl cemetery. She will he 1-cn rc mbc,·ed by stutknt!; of the ot those days ns p os s es s ed CJ f an exceplio n: rll y fi m: voi ..:<:.

Se\·cr·al oft he :'\o n nrJI s turl<:nls pn id a vi s it to lhc I nst itute for the Bl i nd at X,· hraska City rc.-c nt 1v wh er-e th t•v r-cccin:cl a en rdi r1 1 wc!co m c·. --'\. mong- the \'isi tcd tlwy mention t ht· li hr·:rr·y, the dining- r·oom the ;rncl J'OOlll S <IS Of 111·

Tlwr T i-. :trH•tiH r· ,·fill• rtt -.,· hcH •I. th t• J. R. :'\'.._ .\ ... k tlu :--,,.";.,, .... tlu•11t it

.\Ji \\ 1r" lt: r lllt·n :rl lrt·r· ho 111c in .\ llnll·:r !•11· .. ,.\ ,,.; ,1 \\ ,., J, ... '"' nf ivk11c i .., :r.t.::rin in ,.,, ," ,J

T lt: rllk -.;..! i' ill;..!t x.- n·i._v ... \\T IT in t H:rp ti t Clntr·d1 1-: t·\· C<H> Jb of the Cl11i ti:11t Ch11r·,·lt pn·: rt ltc d

T he l >:tllrl n·lltkn·d 1 inn :< in C lr : rpcl t ht· J,vf, ·•·c Tlt : trrk sgi\·ing\ :rc:rt ion : tll d ;..!'' \'t• t·\·id t· Ji l' L' of t lr c.: ir· goo d tlr·i ll :t lld pr·llfi t·i,·n ,·y

Tit <: L :r di t·s Cl:rss i11 \l i -.:s Ellis' t' tll> lll l' \' lT_\' \lcn rd ; ry 1'. i\1. li Th l·CI:r s is s t11 lnr·y of tlr t· :\po Cl11rrch All yo ung 1:rrlics uf the.: :'\o rr11:rl : tr -c con li : rlly ir l\·itcd

l!l :rttl JI :!

Th t: <:nt e r·ur inmc ll t gin:n th <: l'\T llill g or tlw co 11 sisting of nnrsicnl n nrl

c1oc llti nn: tr ·y ntr nd ,c.: r·s \\':ts , '·" ' inllcl\·:rtion in th : rl : rll p: rn s \\ 'lTt·pn·'- cllt t ·d l1y the Sl' \ '· cr·:tl u·:rc :\ I i l> :r i1y, I ht \'is :r nrl

Th e cha p <: ! fi ll ed :ts ll "' ll : rl ;r t these g·r fi11· the fir st time a nd hc :r u ty :t nd p:rtho s uf the lr n\'

S tudcn(s :rnd t <: :t<: ltc n-: \\T IT al ike gr·:rtifierl to hi i\T :t ;rnd :t kt: lurT fr om Dr. Jlvsscy Act i ng· Ch:tr1l't·ll or of t he SL:rtc llniv c r·sity On th e of :'\on•mhcr lG he n cl dn:sscd :r 1: 11·ge :rtrdi ertt' l' in thl' ch : tpd on Nn tt ;n: t:rlk n:r _y pnrclil·:rl :rnd \"t·ry A ll li.·lt pn16t c cl l>y h is pl n in won1s :t•Hl in spired J1_v his <:III'IH: slllt'SS. I l is nl w:rys so w lrl'll : 1 mnn know s hi s :tnd lo n :,- it.

Till : :\OI·L\ lAL :\ I ESS E i\G EI<.

T il l· >II of .. a nd

J>t·iJH:ip ab :t t tiH·it · lll <.' et ing ap po i nted "c ommi ttlT t <> dr: tft :1 ,>f in En g li «h fn 1· the high The l.'Ontn t itt <.T t >f' a nd .\ hhott :t nd

\f't l'l' : 11 1 of o nl y font· \l: ty L. :\tw:tl l 'l' '!>,) nt het· home in :\tw:tllT :tft<.Tcompk·ting th l.' high · in Cr ete came to :\o nn : tl to f'ot· Lh t.: \\'or l\. :\ ftl'l' _!!Ta du at ing f1·nm th t· :'>io n n: tl l' II l\.' n: cJ the sen·ice of the h nn 1e She had tau gh t in th l· fin ..:t gnt de up to t he ti111e of h l.' l' dc:tth. :V li ss wns il \\'O il H \11 or n:n I \\' OI'th and p os,.:c ssc rl the co nfid l. ne e or the peop le :I Ill O ll g' \\' hOm she li ,·ed cllld in e 111p loy :- he \\' as She krt :t of fr·icnds \\'h o deeply th ci1· gn: :.t t

T he yo un g men of the \' M. C. .\. enjoyed a m ns t p le asant ev ening the 21st ins ta nl with Pt·o fi:ss o •·s H os i l' and Sh el do n in th e biol og ical h t1Jo 1·ato1·y. Th ere go od thin gs to en t and good t hin gs to li st l.·n to. P n> f'. Sheldon nct C' rl t oas t masl<:r and n:spon scs wct·c n wcl e as fo ll ow s:

Tla: \' :\ 1. C. A. :\ Ian in Snc ict\· J. \ \'. :\ Iill er

Th e \'. :'>1. C. A. :\ Jan in the A nn y .J T. B mdy and Will . D obson

Th e \' . :\ 1. C. A. :\ Jan in Rel a ti on to the \' . W. C. A. 0. :\ 1. W'a d de ll

Th e.: \'. :\ 1. C. A. :\ Jan :1 P I'C:a chc 1· C. N. Alde n

T he\' :\ 1. C. A. :\ lnsic Pmr Hagg

Th e \'. :\ 1. C. A. :\ lan in Cla ,;s ll. L. Darrick

Th eY. :\ 1. C. A. :\ l <I n Among th e Boys

\ \' 111 Ste, ·ens nn

The \' :\1. C. A. :\ Ian in At hlet ics :\I L 1-fump ht'C.)'

A pro po sal to n n·nnge fo1· h;tth ,-oo ms undet· the car C' of th e Y. M. C. A. met with hc: 11 ty t'l'S I)(>t l:-:c Th in y-fi ,·c cl olln t·s was suiJsLTih ed fo t· the p ut ·pose.

Th e se t: o nd l cct ut·c in th e t'l'gular co ur se th is year \\' rt S gi ,·cn by De \\ itt M ill eL

lli :-: a y er y timely on e. \\' as ' 'Th e .\mct·ic an R ep ub lic S uffi cie nt un to It sel f. '' [ t \\'a a , ·cry a blc p res e nt at ion of r\ me t·icn n id t:a ls nncl :\ n rcri can poss ib ili ties in the l ig ht of O il!' hi :::lo •·y. :\ !r 1\Ji ll er· d oc:- n ot b t:l iL' \'e in a ny foreign a ll ian ccsn nd h cs cc rn._.d to a ud ience \\' ith h im Th e k ctt ii 'C hnd mu ch ofge nuin e \\'i t ::t nd humot· in i t. rwo m an y good les so ns lo t· his h ea t·r\ p t·o gt·am of m ore than orcl in at·y int eres t to for mc t· members of the Non nn l wa s gi,·c n F ri da y e\·cn in g. NoYcm her 17 , by fu rm c t· membc 1·s of th e P hi l o. so ci ety \\' h ose mcm ben;h ip ci a te d as fm- b ac k as the o t·ga ni zat ion of the societ y. So la.l'ge \\' aS thca ttc nd an ec th at adjo ur nme nt w as taken r,·om the so ciety ha ll to the chapel a nd the fo ll o \\' in g pr og ram \\' as ca n·icd out in a ma nn e r· pleas in g to a ll fr·iends and mcmhLTS of the Ph il o.:

1. :\ lusic .-Ha il Us \' e Free :\ I es st·s. Ell is Go od, '8 7, Goo d, '9 ), .J . F. H os ie, ' 91 , and W ill Ga ed e; i\ Lt·s. T. P. D ob bs ( \"i na Ca n on, '9.,1,), i\ liss S te ll a Gra h am , ' 95 , .:\ Irs. Kc ttie i\ Iut z iVI ajo rs, a nd i\lrs . .:\ l att ie Barn es i\l at·t in

2. Ad dres s hy the Chnim mn , Hon. T . .J :\I ajot·s ::: An Origi nal P oe m i\ Ii ss Jennie Bo r st , '88 +. To a st,- The Co mi ng Ce nt ut·y .. .. ... ...... ........ .

Proposed by Miss r\gn es J ac k, '9 4, R es ponded tH by Th os F. Dob bs , '9 4

i'i. So lo,- Th e Anowa nd th e So ng \ \'i ll Gaede

G. Di s cu ss ion ,-T he Bonnie Br iat· Bu sh Eul ogy by :\ Irs. C. D. Sc he ll ( Ed ith Clar k, 'Sf> ) I1w ecti\ ·e b:· Jos ep h G ill ilan ,

7. A Tal k-H an·ard a llC'l Chic ag o Un ive rsities

Lo ui se :\J e ars, ' 95

R. i\ t,·s. :\·!at tic Sa mes :\ ]a,·tin i\ lrs. An na :Vloorh ead .J oy, '7 0

9. \ 'ocal Du e t, - Where is n ow th e i\ le tTy Parb:\ li sses L ou ise :\Tears, '9.3, Gn1c c C ul be rt so n, •g4,

10. Ree itatiou: :Vliss E stelle Gt·aha 111 , ' 9i'i

11 . :\ [ us ic , -A uld Laug S yn c.

e\·ery class in sc h oo l ha s o•·ga n i%ed nnd adop lrd co lor s.

Oyste rs nrc \'cry cx p ensi\·e t hi s year , es peci a lly wh en tnken coo ked

.;J.

Mi ss Cora J ac k. '9 , h as lwr po s iti on in the Au bu 1·n sc h oo ls for anothc 1· in t he Deaf and Dumb in s ti tution in Omah a.

Mr . J. W. T ay lor , 'B7, wh o is teac hin g n ca 1· Wat so n, Mo., rowed ac r os s th e •·i,·e r in a s kiff a nd wa s in Pe ru a s hm·t tim e on the 18 th.

Jl.

TheY M. C. A. andY. W. C. A. ob senc d the wee k of pra ye r for the st ud en ts a nd college associn li on s, meetin gs bei ng- held eVC: l)' day.

Jl.

Th eY. M. C. A. is co llect in g n b ox of books to be sent to Manilla for the libra ry th e1·c. It w ill be s hipped nhout Th a nk sgiv in g. Th e Phi lo so ciety h as contributed i ts collec tion of 75 vo lume s to the Mani ll a l ibrary.

For a boo k review of the hi gh es t merit. we a ll wi ll do we ll to reca ll the anal ys is of Th '! Bo n nie B ri er Bush by Mrs. C. D. Sc he ll Ed ith Clad <, '89) at the pmgn1m gtven by for me r me mbers of P hil o in the Chapel Novc mhc•· 17

.;J.

Mrs. R. P. May (M i ss Sad ie A. Bock, '!)1) who se husband is a dverti s in g ma na ge •· of The Kan sas C it y Tim es, d ied of pc •·itoni tis Nove m be r 11 , in the h os pit al in that city. She wo ul d have gr ad ua ted n ext yea r f1·om a three yca •·s· co urse in the Co ll ege of H omeopathic Med icin e a nd SUJ·ge•·y lea v es fo ur childr en. He 1· fo 1 me•· home was at Fa innon t, Nc hn1ska. ..._

IJr·. 1\ c :t tli,· :-.; , !l at :\o\·. 1 () :1t C ntnt· r l'ni,·: :-.; , 11 :It t:ln:;and mu1 ·ning : tnd the 1 :.!th in ( llll : tha

r. \\'ill llll ' td l' J' ' h ile n 11 tht· pinygr ou nd :1t H·!J , ,.,j nt·:••· :\dn :1 s ka C it\"

JT cc n tly in w: y kll : 1nd s._ ,·ious ly injll n:d knn:. l1 1 he h: IS bt:L' II co n fine d to hi s 1' 0() 111 fu1· :dH> II L l\\'11 w ed\S but 11 0\\" it llJ> I "O\'i 1l g.

() n c 11 f t h t· 11111 s t p IL-: ' • 11 t . w c II 111 ;1 n :l gc d

soc ial :dl '; tir s :1 t till' :\n nn :d fo1· a lnng tim e, l'O ntpk·te in nil it !' and d :1 int y w ith :d, w: 1s Lhc n Tl' p tion g iv l· n by the WL·Ilin gtoni: II IS in l.illl·: ll ·y llnll . :--1o,-.

17 to their· ntc111h <.: J'S : 11HI the F:1c ultv .

Lt ·L : dl who w il!H: :--s l·d :1 · won rkrfu l di splay" of t he :\ ovc •nhc1· n tc t cn r!' s lnnd a nd n ·l at.c expe•· ic..· n ce!'. Be c :tJTfu l tn di s tingui sh b et w ee n the ce lest ial : 11HI those ot her vi sions of th e ni g ht : tt.tcn cl nn t. up on too g•·ea t indul ge nc e 1n o li v es. nu ts, etc.

At mid1tight of the L> th. \ ·anous co ng •-c ga ted Lo <1 w:1i t th <..· tnl·tcor·i c s il o we •· -t he Fi1·st Ycnr·nt the No rmal bui ldin g, the seco nd yea 1·s at. the h omc of i\11iss Mat thl'w s, the Sc ni on; <tt the n nd othc t· gro up s at difft J-cnt In so me enscs re f1·csh men ts we n· scn-c rl :1 n d :1 gcncntl goo d t im e e nj oye d

A nC\\' fc..·a lun· of 1 he p•·ac ti cc work is the sp ec ial me thod s in CHch of the three clcpa •·tmc nt. s nf public schoo l wo rk gi ,-c n hy t hL· sc ve ntl cr·itic t cac hc....- s. Ke ll ey m eets a ll the pnt ct ice tcac hc 1·s for spec ial m et hods in pt im a•·y wo•·k: Mi ss M ears in i ntc t·mcc1 i ate me th od s. nn rl Miss Goshen in g •·amma•· !'chool m et hods .

THE EXCI-USIVE

Men's

fine Fur ni sh ers a nd Merch ant Ta ilo rs .

GRA HAM BROS . & CO ., Au bur n, Ne br aska.

EDUCAT IO NAL EXCHAN GE

\VanlR lo wilh tho Mc

g'OO tl

T EAC II EI<S, LEC T LI<E I<S, and 1:\S'ITI TTE \o\'C)I<I<ERS, an d 1\' i lh SC II O(JL 1\ 0AIW S, COLXT\' Rui'ER I XTEX IJEXTS, Anrl nlhcrs intercs lc<.l in lhcsc ma ltc i'S. Arl rlt•.:•s

1-IEi\ f<Y SAB I.\, 212 :\1anhatt:tn 311<. li ES :\ 101:-.ES. l ll\\'A

Registe re d P harmacbt.

I'HOI' HI Wfl) l( OF T ll H OLO RELIABLE l'ER U OJWG STOll E.

9ro scr/pt/o ns ca ro/idly a nd accuralo ly compoundod. Scltool our Spoc/alt,y.

P h oto Gallery in co n n.cclio n wi th th e st <; ,.c. N.:ga tl\·cs c1·cry S:o. t unl ay. (( 'jff ""J I'C \ 'fJ /1 LIJL' 1/L'II 'S ()( Lhc LtJ I I' ll : nul sc h()u / L';tch 1\ 'C.'L' k.

BISHOP & SEELEY,

Publi s her s.

Subscriptio n. $1.00 per year.

11 THE BONNIE BRIER BUSH,

Ry J1frs. C D. Schell. Cl ass of '89.

[T hc fo ll o win g" paper· """ " ].!"h ·cn hy i\ lr·s. Schell dur-in g tlte

Pro g-ram me of the Ph ilomn th cn n Sucicly, ;-<.,,-.,rnb c r· H. j

these day s of mrtny ho o ks. \\' hen e\·en the ncw s papcn; gi\'c a co lu111n n week to no tice s of nt·w bo ok", it s ome little s iftin g to di sco , ·cr what is r ea ll y vn lua hlc. Not hin g so tt·ies a thi ng as t im e. Ofte n an infcrio•· b oo k, th t·ough s ome accide nt 0 1· wide arlvc •·ti s ing , w ill lwvc a big run, cau se mu ch c omme nt and ma ke the \n it ct· t·ich. But it s suc ce ss is tr nn s· ic nt It is soo n laid as id e, fo•· in the l ite•·ary wodd, as clse\\'hc t·c, the law of the !' un·i,·al of the fitte st h old s firm. O nl y th e good l ives . And· so we ha, ·c dec id ed to l alk l.o you a little whi le to-n ight of a b oo k yo u a ll kn ow etnd o ne that ha s bet•n o ut lon g enou gh to pt·o yc it s mct·i ts arc rca I.

Five y ca t·s ot· so ago , the name of I an !\tl;tc Lan:n wa s unfnm ili nt· to most of us exce pt as we may hn ve sc t'Tl ca sual menti on of il in the n cwspapct·s I3ut s in ce the ll o nni l· 13rie t· Bu sh has come in to ou t· ho me s a nd in to o ut· hca •·ts. he h as b ec ome our den t· friend

We lo,·ccl Sc o tl a nd bcfot·e, for th e s ak e of William Wallace. and Hobct·t Bruce a nrl jo hn Knox , and poor Quee n Mary; n ncl on ac count of R ob<:rt B urn s a nd S ir Walt er S t:ott. B ut no ne of the se to ok us

" in to the close " or so " far bi n" as Dt·. Watson. Hi mself a Scott -hi s m ot her w as a Hi g hland er-and a thoroughly n in etee n th ce ntury man, withal. hi s Drumtocltty fo lk arc inv a lu ab le s tud ies of the Scotc h pea sa ntry of to-d a y. Th at he l oves them is ev id en t. He loves them t oo well to mi s 1·ept·csent them by hidin g th ei r faul ts or n !' t: r; bing to th em Yi rtu es they do not po ss ess. Thn t he lon :s hi s co untry is sh own by the exquisite bit s of desc rip tio n h egi Ycs us. Listcn ,-"T he gle n fr om end to e nd and fr om s id e to s ide was cl ot h ed in a g li tte ring r aime n t, w hi te as no tull cr on ea t·th co uld w hi te i t, that flun g it s sk irts o,·cr clump s of hec s a nd scat t en ' <l farm hou s es a ud wn s diYided on ly whe re the Tochtyran w ith bl ack swollen s tl-c am Th e gr eat m oo r ru se a nd fl'll in swellin g bc·llows of s now that them seh ·c s O\' er the burn s r unning de e JJ in the m(J SS ;V gl'O uncl and hid the peat !Jogs wi th a thin treacherou s cru s t. Beyo nd , the hi ll s, running n ot·th wa rd s and wes tward s, s to od hi gh in >vhile maj es ty . save wh en: the bla ck crags of Glen Urtoc h bro ke the !i nc , and tth ovc out· lowe r Gramp inn s. we caught. g lim pses of the di s tan t peak:-:, lifting th eir he ad s in ho !incss unto G od ."

Thi s s umm er pi c lun: is from :\l ar gc l' -< letter to Fl oi·a Cam pbe ll. ·The gl en is bright a nd bonny , n oo, for lh c purplt..: heather is tm th e h il ls, and doon below th e gowde n co rn, wi blu e bell and pop py fl o wers be tween ."

And t hi s whal Dt·. Nlac Lure s :ty s of th e Drumlochly air: ' Th ere' s nae lc:e, in for a doct or wi' th tt l lrumto c hty air; it has na n ma rnt in Sc o tl and. It frne llt e Moray Pirlh , ;'lnd sweeps do on B: tde tHJc h. and co m es owe r th e moo t· o' Ranno ch a nd ae ross the Gramp ians. T he r e's the sa lt o' the s ea, an d the ca ll er ai r o't he hill s, a nd lhc breath o' the h cal hct· and the blol)nt o' mon:y a fl ower in 't. lf th e re's nac disea ,.,e i' th e orga ns o' th e bu d y, a puff CJ' Urumtochty ai t· wu d brin g a man hack ft·tte th e· gates o' deit h ."

The Drum loch ty folk were poor wo rkingpcoplc, hut they were not ignor ant. We read that farme rs co uld s late the " esoter ic doctrine of sp iri tual independe nce'' hetwee n the sti l ts of the p lough and tal ked fam ili ady of "co-ordin ate jUJ·isdicli on w ith mutua l s ub or dinat ion." J amie Sout ar read Carlis le an d Marget H owe knew " In ::\Iemot;am" by heart. The hi rr hcst am hi. ,..., bon in eac h humbl e home was th at o ne or i ts members sho uld go to co ll ege a nd parents , brothers and sis ters wo uld en dure any pr i va ti on to t hi s e nd

In cottage hom es the choicest treas ures of Greece and Rome we t·e c heri shed along wi th co llege prizes a nd medals. The g len was prou d of i ts sc ho lars a nd dcli rr htecl in 0 e\·ery degree won by a Drumtochtv la cl. Domsie spoke f or th e wh ole glen whe n he said,' 'Am t hinkin ' with au ld J oh n K1rox that ilka scholm· is som et hin g ad ded t.o t.he riches of the commo n wea lth." Thi s was whe n he r ailed at Drnmshcugh .for 1·efu s ing to pay Geo rdi e H owe's colkgc fees. Doms ic was an lVI. A. but when '' roo s cd " he "bade goodbye to hi s English as one flings away the scabbard of a

One ve ry s twng po int of the book is the rl clincatio n of Scotc h piety Dr W atso n

t:\· idcntJy ft:ar" the infl m:n ce of mo dern of wor ;. hip a :- d: tn ge t·ou!' lo lhe !< pirilual wdl - l>ci ng or the c hu r ch , :tnd he IJrunt toc h ly fo lk plead fo t· the faith om·c cl cJ i,·e t·ed to th t..: !':tint:; r:tlhcr th an fur le c tu r e:- :tnd mcd i t:t li on !' and Bihlic:t l c riti cism :- TI H·y lo clt u r ch for the sati:-fact i tJI1 or hu n ger aud t.ht..: eonfinn a li on of f:tit lt :t ud not fnr ent er l: lin nte n t. llt.: a t· h ow Elspeth :\l acf:tdyen s ums up :t " pt ·ohntionct·:" " II is hi L sL·nn t,n \\ 'CS ptK·ms- fi\'c a hed he:tnl :t fo n.:- rotit' :tnl•cd ole s- three ahoot him !<c l' and ; tin ahoot a lord-twa hurnie s. ae Atto'r · _:.!:tin lt..: n, nnd n stor m, wi' th e 1exL t hirt een ti tllL'!' and 'heloved' l wn l; th :tl ,,·us a·."

ll \\' :t !' :\ Ir s. ::\ l: tcfaclyL·n who n lw ays fo un d o ul th e mini !'tc r \\'hO read lti ::: se rmon fr om tht..: one \\' llll ::: lip pe d hi s p age s :t side \\'i lh t.ltc !<lce\'t..: or hi s gow n to the c lc\' crt:r one \\'Ito !-'cat t ercd thr ou gh the hilJle <t ncl tu rn ed to !. hem in sea rch of !ti s text. Pe rh aps mot·c than one of us wou ld ec ho het· o pini on t. lw t a nt an wi th out humor sho uld n ot l >e a ll o\\'c d to c nt et· the pulpit.

Ma r get H owe w:t!' of a li ttlc li nct· fibe t· th an her kn ow lhnt a ::soo n as ,, ·c mect hct·- 'a tall si lent wom ;t n with facl·.··and thou gh h er hu :-;ba nd \\'O t·sh iped hct·, we ca n't f..: el cxac ll y sat ifiecl wit h him. There !'eems :::o m ct hin g in co ng ru ou s, even befo re s he ' loo ks :1 way fr om hct· in lothc pa st wi th ::1 tc n de t· light in het· ey es " a ncl s :1y s of Drumsh cug lt , '' Ir e had t he b est h e:tn in the pari:;h a in cc.··

And wh en te ll s Domsic, "It is no n: so na bl c th pl he c dn cat i\Iargcl 1-l o \\' c's bair n ," we do n ot n ee d hi s after confidence lo DL M nc Lu rc to luto w th at lVlat·ae t shou ld ha \"C been hi s wife ::tncl n ot "' Whinnit : 's . Th at is ::t no lh e t· chn nn or Ot·. Watso n 's sty le , hi s suggestions. He tells us thal Doms ie to ok a hi gh' pl ace in the Un i \'ersity a nd had n car cc t· bcfo t·e him but "somethi ng happ ened in hi,; li fe a nd he buni ed ·him sd r amo ng th t.: with

the b ai r ns of Dn un l<H.:Iny. ·· Thi,- i;: ><O plai n th :tl the pt·mul ltc:tutifu l facx· in the locket t iH: \' fo und on hi,- ht'L':t><t \\'hen he died is on! \' :1 eonfinn:tl i on of \\'hat \\'t: knew hc.:fot·c

Bu r nhrac w: 1:< the ;..:-ndlic><l nw n in the glt:n, an d lht· hl·-.:t lon·d.-><:1\'l' on 'y :\ l acLure. " llc h ad a ye: :t g ucl ,: \\':trd ftH' ac hocly.' ' \\' ht·n hi >< tt·i:: I e:um:. he ><tnncl firm for h i,.; <'O ll \'ict i nn ,.; thnugh it llll':tllt the luss of hi,.; ho 111 c an d k·ft him J'l'llllikc::: a to h ig h : 111ti l <>w. tho h L· \\':ts onh· a JH,o r fn nn cr.

Jam ie "i,.; c thin gs:tit ho ugh it ca nn ot he d cnil'cl lt l· i,.; th :tl h l' is ho th fl·arcd :111d ad mi n·d ll lTl' i..: tlll':i · to u >. ; "\ \' oc is t iH' tlt;tl fol k' ll t:t kc a mans I J<.:s l \\' ;t t·k a· \\'ithoo t a 1\ l >r cl anrl !tin t h otH> I. ti l h ·

This \\':t!'i :n Or. fun eral \\' here the sh epherds fro m th e high glen came through snow t \\'0 feet d ee p on n k \'e l to saynot hi ug-ofcl ri ftsrt nd fo rded the Toc h ty \\':tisl uecp.

Then· is no ti me to sp cn k of :\l ac L ure's fort\' \'C:t r :; ' se r \'icc nor of how lhe \' lo\' ed . . him. n or of L ach lan Ca mp be ll s lesso n. nor of th <.· ch ar i ty of th e..• •rlen to p oo r Fl ora 011 her r etur n fro m n "fn 1· co ttn tr y. " '

The fr<.·i nch:hip of 01· 0:1\· id so n of the csl a hl is hecl c hurch fo 1· yo un g C :t rmic a cl of th l· free kirk . :t bea ut ifu l o ne, mu st be p asst•d O\'L'r \\'it h J am ie's )rrCcting to the pro diga l ,.;o n : tncl .-\rc hic 1\Jonctu·'s tc mpcm Hcc lcc ttH·c:::. For my t im e is too short to n ot e h alf the h ·nu tics th at go to make thi s li ttle ,·ol um l' one of the of the ce ntur y.

Cn:t i ts :\ ,, tlte mi nd i,.: 111 ad c itl lc llig t: n t, th e capacity <•f th e: so ul for pttt 'e cnjoym.: n t is pt·op ort iona ll y incn:!1s:ccl. \\'el l. j j' it he sa n·cl! If h o\\'C \'Ct', 1h nt it c\ '<! t' !ta d t:u lti ,·n ri nn! I ts cn pa city

I<•:· cn 'o\'l ncnt in tlu: om· i:< t he m t:as urc of its to >} tlifl' r in th t: "th:r

t·,·pt:nt :l ltCe nHt sl lJc so·nt:t ltin g n torL' thnn mere t'l' lll ii i'S l' f11 r s in ; it C<ll ll j)l't: lt c: ncJ,; :1 cl t;tn gc nf

na l ut·c: hc li l t iu g he a \'L' n .-(;t:n Lc\\' \\'a ll nee.

A FROM LIFE.

By fl Clyde Filley. '.'J!J

IFthere is any one branch of s lud y lo '' hich sp ec ial at len li on sh ou ld he givc n by the teachers in o ur state, it is liter ature; and if there is a ny one bra nch in which the teachers in o ur co mm on sc h oo ls arc mot·e woefu ll y igno rant than an ot her it is lit.cratut·c.

Whil e not wishin g to c ast any rcOcctio n upon o ur state lcgi sl atut·cs of pa st )' Car s, it mu st be sa id th at the ln.w t·ega rdin g the g ranting certificates is exceptionally wcak. Litera ture is n ot n ·quit·cd on CYC n a fir st grade certificate, so w ha t is to bc cxpcNc cl when mo re than n inc-tenth s of o ut· teachers h ave only second and third gr ade cert ificates.

A few years ago, m ath ema tic s occupied a much high er place , relatively, than toda y. This _is why geometry is r eq uir td on a fir st gra de certificate, while li te r atu re wh ich comes much l ower in the wc ll -graclccl a nd t·hetoric, general hi s t<>rv an d Latm, fully as l ow, are n ot me nti o n;cl

This ' defec t in the law is rc s ultin "' in great harm in so me places. For I h ave in mind 1 1 1 ' a sc 1 00 w 1e re tC )t o- ra des are taught th t 1 0 • a comp etcs sohd o-co m ct rv does not devote a da y of it; time or any o the t· bra nch of English astde from gram d · mar an the elcm c n-

The whol e energy o f' the pnnctpal ts devoted to cramm · . 1 . • < mg 111 to 11 5 pupll s fact s to ena ble them to pass the cxa mtnatJ C> n for a fir st grade cc t· tificat.e. That is t he height of hi s a mbi tio n: not a da y, n ot an holll·, fot· teaching lh c pu pil s an yt hin g which will help them lo r ea d und er sta ndingly, or which will cu ltiYatc their taste for the aes thetic.

Bu t it is n e<: dlc ss to dw e ll upon this s ubj ect, it is · a lrea dy well known And to thos e No t·mal ·tudents who clo n ot know th e true sit u ntion, I need s impl_v sa y; yo u will find oulmot·c than you wish to kn ow

in a few weeks, in the ;t n: ntgc ,·ill age sc h oo l. Y ou will find pupil:; wh o study h: :trn easi ly. and n: lll clllhcr C\'try thin•< thal i" l. olrl thc.·nt. vet m:t l\e theab s unl IJittn r h:r :- in t·ccilatiott. Th e cn usc is very casily t·xpl:tin c.·d. Thl·y do no l r catl en oug h asi de fr ont th e ir s choo l wo rk , to re ad n les son ttnclet ·sl;t nding ly.

\\'hen a Gl' t·nw n wish es lo lcan1 lo read En glis h, he docs n ot look ttp the m cn nin g of e,·ery word ll e :-: im ply t·ea ds anrl und ers ta nd s what he can. One by one , he ariel -; to th e won !:-: he knows, n ot hy lcn rning the 111 c: tnin g of Lit em from n didi o n:try hu l becau se: of thl'ir to other wonl s in the sentence.:. Jus t s o, lite An tct·ican h oy ot· g id wh o t-c :tds h abilttn ll y good lit e ralut-c and plcuty of it , ll tlC Ott sc ic.u sly nc qu i rc s a gt·c[tl ,·oc:t hu la t·y , which pl nccs hi 111 fa r n hi s corn pn 111 un who is n ot a t·ca dct·.

L ast s um met · I r c:n d in a fann pnpc r one of th e be st cxa mpl eg or hyp e t·bolc, t ltnt l h ave evc1· scc n. A gentl e man , d csc t'ibin g coc kl c burn; wh ich gt·ew in hi s s cction of th e countt·y, wt·otc, "Of all thc coc klcburrs that gt·0w, thost" found ru·c, I bclic:,•c, the hat·tlc sl to kill. Th e p ods, which nrc fa s tt·ned to the s tnlk nt evc t·y av ail [thll· p oi nt co n ta in each two see d s. One of th ese the fi 1·st year, the othe r tlt c seco nd ycnr; the t hir cl year t lt e_v both grow, a nd Lhc fourlhycar the pod gr ow s. "

Th e. a rt icle answere d in the ncx l i ss ue of the p npcr, hy a fa nner who co utc nd cd th at il wa s uttelt·v absunl to inl:tginc a seed g ro'<ving the tim e, ot· lite com ing from n pod. He hnd failed lo gt·asp th e fig11r<tti vc me a nin g oF the first writ e r.

Now t he s tudv of li te t·nlut·c not o nly g u<tnl s aga in st s-uch li t tle CJ-rors, bul help s to make cle at· what would otherwi se: hl' unintcll igi hl c. Fot· this, it dem n uds nn im-

porlanl plac e, nol o nl y in ou t· hi gh :::c h oo l!' h c·n ll o \\' ed amon gt he numbe r. If he re ad s a nd C•> lk·g-c !" hut o ur co mm on :::c h no ls :.::: \\'('11.

The :1 im of li lcr·:t lu n .: in lh e g"ramm <l t' gra des, !" hould be :< imply lo :<Li mnl:l tl' the pu pi l to r·eacl ns id c t't·om hi ::: :<c h oo l \\' Ot'k. T he n Sl'C to it, lhnl he h:t s su ilnb ler c.:acli n rr matte r, by cs tnb lishing n n:nd'ng table. Pla ce u po n il :t fe w of th e h es l m ngn zin cs n nrl yo un g peo pl e's pap l'I'S. :\l a ke n fc \\' a rldi tions lo the sc h oo l; n ot elcgn ntl y ho un d volume :< of i\ lil lon and Shakcsp en re hut !iome lhin g thal he will l ik e. r\ fe \\' n clYent ure stories of [I mi ld t ype might e \'1:" 11

th ese u nde r st and in gly. he \\'ill s oon natu ra ll y \\'i sh so m et hin g with more body . Lel the tenehers of o ur s ta te wh o \Yi sh to ra ise th e s tn nd n rd s of sch oo ls a nd teac her:; (a nd in ci den ta ll y. rais et heir wages as \\' ell ) b egin n ot o nl y to t hink on t hi s m attt• r but to do; so that w'l tcn o ur st ate legi slatt u·e m eets aga in , th e law m aybe remo del ed. and th e be co m pe ll ed either to 'p os t up' along these m os t im po rt ant lin es, .or lea ve th e fi eld to ot her mor·e wort hy than th ey.

Why Don't You Laugh?

\•Vhy don't you laugh, yo un g man, wh en troubles come,

In stea d of s it t in g 'ro un d so so ur an d g lum ?

\' ou cn nn ot h a,ve a ll play, A nd s un s hin e eve ry d ay;

\Vh cn tro ubl es co m e, [ say , wh y don't Y9 ll lau gh?

\Vhy don't yo u laugh, a nd mnkc us n il laugh, ton,

And k eep us m orta ls a ll from gett in g b lue?

A laugh w ill nlway w in ; rf yo u ca n't laugh, just grinCome on,-let's a ll jo in in! Wh y don't you l aug h?

-ln clepen cl en t.

SOME PHASES OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY.

13,. e . .1. l l'hiLL·nnck.

STRUGGLE WITH ' riiF. c:onmi'.\IEI'T:

Greater freed om is· what th e Socitd Dem oc rats of Ge rm a ny arc fighting foL It is a peaceful lig h tc<!rr ied on by the press and on the Ooor of t he Rcichstag (t h ei r hou ;:c of Rep resen tatives.) Th ey have a large numb er of .J:eprescntativcs and the number is incre as ing. Th at occas ions the Go\·crnmcnt a larm. The empe ro r' s favoJ-itc bills are often defeate d. W hat the Soc ial Democrats oppose for one t hin g is appropl·iating so much money fo1·thcarmy and naYr. They arc also bitterly op p osed to a ny measure that c ur tails in di \·id a! f1·cc dom. Accord in g ly they rc fu !<cd to pa ss the an tist rik e bill. Thi s bill wi ll very li kely nc\·cr be passed. The Social Democrat s an: \"Cl'Y careful in thi s s tru ggle against the Go \' crnmcnt to v iol ate no la w. They arc b itt er oppone nt s of a ll so rt s of vio lat ions. Even t heir strikes arc most o rd e rly. They know too well the mighty p ower a rrayed again st them.-the army. Th eir weapon s arc t he an d ba ll ot-box. And yet th ey [u·c after a ll n ot the wea ker party in thi s st ruggle. In the almost eve n balance between these two parties li es t he secret of Ge rman y's stea dy st ron g Government.

STRUGGLE WITH THE CDURCH: Here the st ru ggle is n ot so even. Th e resu lt of the fierce a nti-Christian agitation was at fir st di sastrou s to the Church. The people turned a cold sh ou lder. The mini stc t·s were soo n preaching to empty benche s. Ho st ilities to the Church became one of the watch-words of Social Democracy. They made wa r <tga in st ritua l and against Dogma. But, eager to win the people b ac k, the church ha s st ripp ed off mu ch of these.

Th e Socia l IJL·nlfH.T: Ils h:\\·e 1·c turned to tlu: chu1·ch in In fnct the lib cr:d win;..r of the pnrty ha vc h cc: unl' netin: Chri st ians "Chr ist the CcmllTlunist" is no\\' one of the \\':t tc h- \\'ords. Thi!' h ns c nusc d a sp li t in th ei r ranks. hut the old anti-Ch1·is ti:tn :u·c beco min g fe\\' c r. Th e n .:co nci li nt. inn is b ecom in g mo r cco mpletc,and it isJH·ohnhle lhcCh l·istia n religion \\'ill l 1e<.: omc a mighty fo1-cc for Soc ial Oemoct·ncy,

I I\FLUE:-;c E o:-; I' U III.I C OI• J:-;toN: The ocial Oc m ocnt ts wo rk ft·om \\'ithin o utward Moral fo rce:: is \\'hat they a1·c t1·_ving to ncquirc. So they ra\'0 1. the !<ehools, the chun: h, the pre ss. They hnve n po\\·e,·ful nncl able p1·css. Th c yhavcin their nu mber man y ab le pu blic-minded jo un1 a li s ts The common people, th e wo d-:m cn in fa.etot·ies an d on ntih·oads. labore 1·s of all kind s arc raJ: y in g to the banne1· of Soc ial Dcmoc rn cy. As s tated bcfot·e th ey detest viole nce. Th ey reason, l ay ma t ters before the people in a ca lm ca 1·nest co nvin c in g way. Th e ri se of pub li c opi non in Monarch icn l Germany is one of the marvels Socia l Democ r acy h as worked. Thc1·c will be a peop le p1·etty soo n, wo rth y of the name. Public opi ni on is n ot as st t·ong yet it will be . The cmpe1·on:an sti ll impri so n for "Wounded But the Soc in! Democ r ats arc th e so ul of pat ien ce. They de plore a ny ab u se of freed om of s peech, that puts one ofth eir numb er in jail. They oppose to the fc yeri sh anx i ety of the Govcmment fo rce a sturdy f1·ont of m odc1 a tion, energy. r esolution. They h ave fait h in the ir misso n. Th ey a rc strong in their to become fr ee.

No fountain is so sma ll but that may be iu tagcd in i ts h oso m.-Hawthom e.

SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS.

Co n ducte d hy J. 11 fl o 11 ·ic. P rn lcs ·o r u{ lfat hcma t'ft: , .Vebraskn State No rm al.

C0.\1:\£ £ :'\ C L-..:C wit h thc ucw ye ar there w ill be :-;t; u·tl- d iu Tla: n de partment knowu :ts the ··Solu tion of

Th e Ii fe of Lh is rl e p; u·tm cn t mny bt· of lon g- d ut at.i on ot· it m ay he of !- h01·t du t·at.ion. de pe n ding en tire ly u po n the :-; hown hy th e rcn det·:-; of The \ll·ssc n g<: r The co ndu ct<H. wishes it to be undcr :-; t ou d th ;t l t hi :-; is not co tt sicl er·cd as an o pp o l"t uni t.y for t ea chct·s t. o co ll ec t all pr ob lems th ey !t :t \ "L" b ee n ut tab lc to so h·c, a nd s hip them in fo t· sn lu t 10 n. Th e pr oblems will be eo nfiu e cl to clcmen tnxy m;;the.na ti c..: s, t·iz.: ru·it hm et ic, algeb t·a, geomet ry. :tlld trigo nom e t.t·y \'\' hen pt·ublems arc n:;:cc i ved, if co ns irl ct·cd me t·i to t·ious, they w ill he pt ·o pos c..: d for so lu ti(Jtl. tugc rlter with the nam e.: of the pt ·o pm;ct·. If ti ons at·e t·ecei,·ed. they wi ll be toge the r w ith nam es of tho st: solv in g the nt un less the nn me s he leg ion.

Th t" fnet th nt the nam e of th e pr op oser is gi ve n w ith the pt oh lem d oe s not indica te eithet· hi s a bi lity o t· inabi li ty to solv e. Th e p r<)jJo ser as well <I S ot her s ma y send

lf co nt t·ihu to t·:-;. eith er of pr o bl ems ot· soht lio n -; , wi ll th e fo ll ow in g, th c it· con tt-ib utions w ill o ften bc S<tvc d f1 ·om th e basket: ( 1) Let eae h p ro bl em ot· so lu ti on he on a f: epa t·n tc sh eet of paper ; (2) wri te o nl y on on e s id e of th e paper; (3 ) sign name a nd addres s to ea ch co nt rihut ill n.

It is to he hoped t ha t a li,·cly wi ll he Utk en in t hi s dep 'l t·tme n t, by te ach-

ers, stu de nts. a nd other r ea ders of The 1\1 e sse n geL

To start the ba ll ro llin g, the fo ll ow in g problem s nrc propo sed, th e so lution of which sho ul d be sent to the conductor no t Inter t han Jn n_u ary 25. so th at they may be in the F eb ru ary numb er. lf so l uare sent ea rl y. th ey m ay p oss ibly app e:u in the Ja nu ary numb er.

ARI TH :U ETI C.

1. \\"h at is the cost of 5 ya rd s of cl oth at cents pe r y ard?

2. A man who fe el s hi s d ea th ap proac h bequeat hs to hi s wi fe one-t hird of his fo rtune a nd the rema ining t wo-t hi rds to hi s s on, if such sho uld be bom; but one- half of it to the w id ow and the other ha lf to hi s d aug h te r, sho uld such be bo nt. Afte r hi s dea th tw in s are b orn, a so n a nd a dau gh te J". H ow sho uld the fort un e be cli Y.i dcri to s at is(r the wi ll ?

ALGED RA

1. Gi ve n, x 2 -y z= 1; y'-xz=2; z 2 -xy=3. F in d x, y, a nrl z.

GEO :\I ETRY.

1. Propo sed by A. L. To nn er, Ni ob rara, Nebraska. •

Des cr ibe a circle to pass th ro ugh a given po in t and touch t\v o given s traight li nes w hich are not pa ru ll el to each ot het·. ( Bo wser's Geometr y, page 1 79 .)

Sol utions of these p ro bl ems sho uld be se nt to J .M. H ow ie not latc t· than Ja nunry 25

Per ,; on s whn can o nh· Ill' "raccful and onwnn· ntal-who can •:r i,·e thl' not hin g hu t ,.., t1owet·:;-sho ul d die yo ung- .-l l.nvt ho rn c.

A PICTURE STUDY.

Ry Lo uise IV i\1/(:ars.

PICTURE pla ced before the class. L Name of the picture, Th e Angelus.

2. Numc of the painter, Mi ll et.

3. Wh at an: these tw o pe o ple do in g? Ans Pr aying

4. Where arc the y? An s. In the fie ld.

5. Ab o ut wh at time of day do yo u think it i s? Ans. Evenin g.

6. Wh at thin gs in the pictur e make you think it is e vening_? Ans . The li g ht see ms dim. Then· is a fa in t r osy st n :a k in the hot·izoo as if the s un wa s se tt in g. The peo pl e hav e hlled o ne sac k of po tat oes a nd half of an other . The wo rkers do n ot l oo l< fre sh as they wou ld in th e morning . A fl o ck of bird s are fl) in g to the ir nest s.

7. Wh at h ave the se pe o ple been doin g? Ans. Digging pot atoes,

8. H ow do you kno w? Ans. Pitchfad<, pot atoes on the ground, s ack full of potatoes.

No tic e the woman. What is th e poSitiOn of her h ea d? Wh ere are her ha nd s? N . - ottce th e curve of t he bnd y from head to foot.

10. What is the expres sion of h er fncc ? Ans. Very eamest.

11. Are her featt1rc s quiet or m oving? Ans. Quiet.

1 2. Is she thiuking of h erself at a ll? No she h as comp letely fo rgotten her se lf.

1 3. Ass um e her po siti on your self as exact iy as you facial expressi on a nd a ll. Pupi ls arose a nd took the pos ition very easil y. Some were fit s ubject s for an at·tist in the truly d evo ut positi on and exp!·ession. I w as s urpri sed at· the vvilli no-"' ness with w hich even th e least sp iritu ell e fo llow ed mv direction.

1 4. Notice th e m Hn. Wha t is the po s ition of hi s h ead, hi s h ands? Wh ere is hi s h at?

1 5. Wh at effect is gi v en by his h at being in hi s han ds? An s. When the bell

he hi s hnt, whi ch hi s great

1 6. Compare hi s posit ion wi th her s. An s. H is h ead is not bo wed su mu ch as her s. He do cs n ot l ook quite so wh o lly for getful of s elf as she d ocs

17. \\"hat do you sec in the di s tan ce? Ans. A c hun:h.

18. \1\'h _y did the ar·tist plnc c this in the pi c tur e? An s. Ange lu s is t·ing in g thct·c.

1 9. What is the effect in the picture of ha vin g the church so fat· : tw:t y? rln s. Th ey mu st he cl c vou t dc o plc wh o h eed lh1.· angel us so far away. l\llo rc ma t·l<cd co untry life.: .

20 Whut is the cffe<:t of the pi tc hfod, sta nding in the gro und . o ne sac k full of potat oes , th e other ha l f-full, a nd the bask et ha lf filled. Ans. Wot·k was s odd enly dropped.

21. Why is the wheclbatTow in the picttu ·e? An s. Th e people: w ill prob a bl y usc it for takin g po tatoe s hom e. It s hows that th e pco.ple a re u se d to very hard labor or that they a rc too poot· to ow n n b east of burden .

22. ·Not ice the n umbct· of home mad e art icl es in the picture. Alm ost eve ry a rticle h as probab ly b ee n marl e by the people them se l vcs; the ho mespun cl ot h es , wood en sh oes, e tc.

23. Are there a ny ot her things in the d' l and s cape which we h ave not me nt10n e Hayfield in di sta nc e.

24-. Would the pic.tur e be impt·ove d if a fine hor se or cow stood near? No .

25. \'Vh y? Ans. It ·would ta ke o ut· a ttention from the p eo pl e.

26. What do you think Mil let int ende d sho uld be the m ost i mportant fea ture of the picture? Ans. The people in pt·ayeL

27. What kind of people do yoU' think th ey at·c? Ans. P easa nt s. Honest people Co n tenterl p eo ple.

2R \\"h :ll rio you think thl ir nninitt!! has bten ? Ans. Th ey han: been taught from e hild h oo d to nh :-:L· r·ve the angdu:<.

Th e :tllS\ er·:-: of tht: pup il:-: arc g;,·cn ,·erhat im Th e e hildn·n \\"LTL' e:tgc r· to o wn n t•op y of thL· \ ngL lu :-:. :1 ncl a':-: ke el me to ot·cl er s mall one s-the l'L rry pi et nn:s One b oy ordcrnl fi \"t: t n pr ·c:-:ent • n hi :-: fr·it•nd:-:

Thi s les:;o n ca n be profitably foll o wed wit h Perry pict ures of the Gleaners, Reapers. Wom an hearing Sheep , etc . L et the pu pil!•·dete rmin e and ge neralize as to ch arac te r· of hlillc t's s ubj ects. Th ey can be led to sec th at hi s pict ures a re drawn from peasa nt life. a rc very si mp le, and always :-: cl·m to so me lesso n.

THE POET'S DOWER

Uy .fohn Tn•ll ln n rl.

v er se will •n ove the wol"lrl for weal :vi u :-:t ne eds ha vc so me t hin g more t han t\ncl his own h eart the thC'nte must feel \\'ho ot h er hearts wou ld see k to th ri ll.

wh en sornc harp , ou t of play. \\'ill w:tke to ,·oicc wh en o nce it hen'·"· In dbntnt co rd s. but struc k to-day, On<· cherished nnt e of ti>rmcr years,

Sn h earts th at may have sccmed for lon g I n se nsa tc to the touch of l o\-c \\' ill ec ho back the po et's so ng Fr·o m depth s where hirld en pulses 1110\'C.

In silences-t on deep for art\\' hac yet no fonn of wo rd s ha th wro ught , He so und s th e kev-no te of hi s h eart, A nrl wa k cs t he lrannonics of tho ugh t. -Jnu rn al of Education

THE STAT E NO RMAL SCHOOL MESSENGER·&

A Mngnz inc devoted to th e interests or Jloc Sl nlc No rm al Sc hool or Ne bras ka.

Published hy lhc F ncul ly on lilc fili c en t il ul the mont h.

J. A BEATTIE, Editor.

J. D. Bishop, Business Manage r.

En t ered elL the po s lofflcl: tiL l 1 c:rtr, \'chrn.o., /cn s cco nrl- cl ll ss nutilrnnttcr.

Te rms, 50 ce nts 11 ycn r.

Th e e dit ot· of the Messen ge r h as •·ccc i vc d a le tt er in w hi ch there arc s ome t hin gs that s ugges t a stu dy for the n:aden-; of th e m agazin e for t hi s mo nth. After ns kin g h ow many of the teac h ers of Ne braska h ave the ad vantage. of a. tra inin g f<lt" the ir work in the No rmal Sc h oo ls, h ow ma ny o fth e te ac hers in t he rural sch oo ls are s uppli ed by t he Nor mal S choo l, how many of the teachers in the gntd es r nd h ow many in th e hi gh se h oo b of the s tate are s upplied, the qu est ion of peda gog ica l trainin g in th e hi gh sc h oo l co urse is ra ise d. Wh e th er it is inte nd ed o•· not by th e writer of the le tter the fo rm of hi s qu estion impl ies th at he t hink s the hi gh s ch oo l cou rse oug ht to co n tain the s ubj ect m atte r and the hi gh sc h oo l ou g ht to su pply thi s tr a in ing .

Th at th ere is a \"ery gr eat n eed for a mu ch lar ge rn u mbe t· of tra in ed teac hers fo•· a ll of wo rk in Ne bras ka and in every ot her co mm o nwea l th is no t qu es tio ned for a m ome nt by many- ce r ta inl y n ot by any one who s top s to co ns id er th e s upp ly and deman d. L oo k at t he fig u•·es fo r a mom ent wh ich present th e pr oblem. Th ere a rc in r ou nd numbct·s 9600 diffe rent teac hers employed in the publi c of the s tate. Of t hi s n um ber, speak in g hc t·e

ag :tin in r·cHtnd t ll tlllhL"r s. :Hi\H l :tn: employe el i11 t he t ow n. ,-ill :tg L" :111 d ci ty of tht:· stat L" if co un t a ll sc hools of t\\" t) 11 r tl!U IT : ts sc hools. Th i::' liOIHl Lc:tl" ht"J" s r",. lhL" n11·:.ol sc h ool:: . Th e pn,llk l ll is Ill<ll "t· d<.: lin i tc ly se en if we :tsk: ll o \\" ma ny of t h<.: li()llll tt:·achet·. an> by the :\"o n n: d Sc h oo l? H ow 111 :111 y of t h l' :Hi !)( l who : 11 ·c i 11 the gr ackd s dtool s :ti"l.' Sllp pli ed hy the :\"o nn : tl Sc h ool ?

T he an s\\"e r in p:t rt is hy ill g the a ncl ()()()() \\" it lt in g out t:: 1eh ye:11 · fr om the· :\"onn: tl .'c h ool in Ju ne to l"ntt"J" the sc h oo l t·oom s. nnd in p :trt hy tho se who h an: gone fr o 111 lhl· :--l o rlll al Sc h oo l in p:t st :1nd nrc Yl'l in the 1 :tnks of t c:t dl ci·s of the stnte T:tkin g the p:t st ye: 11 · :ts an cx :tmpl l' l"l n ci co unt ing : til \\" ho \\"C IIl o ut w ith the dipl nnw an cl nil \\" h o \\Tilt o u L \\" it h the s l'com l g rade sla te ce i·ti lica t e. \\"l.' ha ve 14-0 Thi $ gins one s upplied by th e Norm nl Sc h oo l for L"\"tT.Y GH ne ed ed. Thi s, of cou r se, is lcss enc d so m cw h at in cliO"ercn ce by th ose in th e iHtb lic sc h oo l t eac hin g fot"Cl' \\"ho hav e g one out in ot he •· yea rs and yet teac hi ng , a nd hy te :tchcTs wh o hn\'C had 111 ()1"<: ot· le ss tra i nin g in no rma l sc h oo ls a nd co ll eges in o ut· ow n a nd ot her s tntc s. S uppose thi s th e ti 8 to whi ch is o nl y an es tim at e, we h aye st ill o \" Cry g•·ea t d bet we.: en the clc ma ncl . whirh we s upp os e l ube a bout: and th e s uppl y, o ne.

In the lig ht of this gt·ent dem a nd n ntl s ma ll s uppl y of who ha vc hHd :111 y pe da gog ical tntining the c< tl l com es fr om severa l cla sses of perso ns for the hi gh sc h oo l to do thi s work. Amon g the rcn son s giv en fot· as ki ng the hi gh s chool to ped agogi ca l tmining is thi s one: Thirt y, f orty or fi ft y pet· cc n t. of th ose ,,·ho at·c gt·acluated fr om th e hi gh sc h oo ls in any yea r b eg in to teach th e fo ll o,vin g Sc.:ptem b cr.

In th e light of the g•·en t ne ed for traim.• rl teac hers. of t hat whi ch many f1·om hi gh scho ob do :tnd fo t· other rNts on s

it is n·ganlcd in \.'l·t·t:tin that high :oc hoo l <: OIII'!'l' ::O: o11gh L to incluch: a s uhjl' l'L :11 od that hig h s ch oo l oug ht to ::-: upp ly the u·ai ning \\'hich i:< ::-: o much ncccll-d To thi:< dl"orl lo i111 po::-:c lljlon till: hi gh :-;cho ol thi::-: llltnkn the t'\.' ply o ught to hl' no l'\"et ·y ti nt <: \\'hal :Il-l' thl·t·e fo 1· ::-:aying no to p<:dngog ica I L r :t in i ng in the hi gh

CO\I I'S C?

The folio \\'i ng an· gi \'ell i11 t t·o nnecti o n: l. Ecl uc :t tion i::-: a ::-:ciem·c \\'h ich dl·: ds wi th fonn: tl in ::o: tt·uct ion and \\'ilh th e ho me and <H hc t· fot· the ad\'ancc m cnt of the indi \' idu al and of the race. The c· h:u·actl'l" oft hi s sc ien ce a n cl the nature an d nt odc of tio n of the tu ti o nal 111 c i\'iliz :ttio n p11t it as a scicn t·e hey o nd t. he hi gh to st udy it intclligcnt l _v a nd to 11 sc it t·ight ly as thl' !'(:sting place fot· pedagogica l trainin g

2. Educatio n is not on ly n scie n ce, but is also a phil oso ph y, a nd in ::-:o as i t- is a tru e phi l oso ph y th nt vny when taken in co nn ect ion wi th what the hi•:r h 0 s choo l is and co n ti nue to be, makes it im possible fot· th e high sc h oo l to unfold it inte lli ge ntly a nd to ap pl y it undcn-:tandin gly to the of educat ion \V hi ch it <:xp lain s and to the nt·t of education wh ich it promote::-:.

3. E du cat ion is n ot o nl y :tsc ic nc e a nd a ph il osop h y. bu t it an ru ·t. Th is fact, we t·em cm bet· what the hi gh se h ov l is in its pttt·posc, in it s t each in g for ce a mi in it s fac iliti es puts pcdagogieu l tr ajn in g IH:yond it s power· to relate· it as an art to th e sc ic·n cc of ed u catio n on w hi ch the tt rt r,s ls a nd to th e of ed uc fttion h_v w hi ch the science an d the a rt are link ed to,gct h et· a nd by which both are explaine d.

4·. E du cat ion i!'l a pn>fcssio n a nd in so fnr ns it is a pt·ofcssion it is on th e sa me bas is as law nnd med ici n e, an·l it ha s n0 tnon: ,- :g ht t<, ns k fo t· a place in the hi gh sc hoo l co urse th an they As a pr ofess ion it sta nds as hi gh a nd r cq uit·cs as t h01·ough s dwlan; hip and ns gr ea t tec hnical s kill as

cithl'r 1:-t\\· or medicine and ts as ho l_v a nd s acred the ministry of the church; and ft·om t hi s po in t of ,-i ew aga in it is unreaso na ble. not to sny abs urd, to ask the high sch o ol to supp ly in it s co u rse of s tudy pedago gica l tra iu ing

3. The hi <Th sc h oo l co urse is o\·er-crowdl' d now \\' e do not kn ow of any s ubj ect whi ch is ge n era lly fo und whic h ca n be ta ken out a nd n ot injure the co urse in rela tion to the fund amen ta l work it ought to do for the yo ung people wh o en te r upon it s im:t ntct ion. Bes id es the add iti on of such a s ubj ect as pedagogira l tra inin g whi ch requi res so much time a nd cfro r t-so much in sight and judgment would r at her weaken t han stren gt hen the cou r se as a wh ole for tho se wh o h a\'C' n ri ght to r cce i\' c i ts guidance, to be enriched by i ts m atc t·ialso f kn ow ledge , to bea\\'nkcned by it s i11flu c nce a nd to be inspired by its id eals and motives.

6. The pup il s of the average high schoo l are too yo un g in years . t oo imm at ure in judgme nt, t oo d efi cient in kn ow led ge , and too in exper ienc-ed in life to ta ke up suc h a s uqj ect with a ny wc ll -g r. ) unded h ope of spec ial pt·ofit to them se h ·es or to those the y m ay try to t eac h the September fo llow·i ng theit· gra du a ti on in Jun e·.

7. Wit h a ll the ot her wo rk the t eac hers in the high sc h oo l arc ca lled up on to do a nd wi ll be co mpell ed to do in the future. the teac hers a re n ot ab le either in time or stre n gt h, s kill or r eso urces, to ca n_y a lin e of p erlagogica l training. Thet·c arc no mo t·e earnest, devoted a nd ene r get ic teac hers ta ken as a bod y, th an in the h ig h sc h oo ls. No wh et·e can be fo und bette r t eac hin g in the true m ea ning of the te t·mun1 ess it m ay be in so me of th e best pt·imary r oo m s-t han in so me of t he best hi gh sc h oo ls in eb r as ka. Because of this vc t·y fa ct th e n ns wet· -ought to be no to a cou r se of pedagog ica l t nLinin g in the a ve r agc. or eve n in the , ·et-y best hi gh schoo l. Why ? Been usc the high scho ol h:n('her can n ot rio th e kind of wo rk req n ired h y the l<ind of pupil s in the hi gh sc h oo l a nd th l· kind of s ulo-

jectmatterthese pupil s need a nd at the s nmc ti me car ry on a va luab le co ur se in peda gogica l training. Th e an swe r, therefore, fr om the fund a mental characte1· of the wo 1·k need ed in the hi gh sc h oo l, fr om the lim e of the t eac he r, from the re so urces in the way of a ppara tu s a nd libraries, fr om the amo unt of work re quired of the teac her as the course now i s, fr om the vn1·iety of thc su bjects wh ic h n ow dema nd the. tcac htr' s tim e and a tten tio n, fro m the s kill , in sight, a nd experience required to dea l su ccessfu ll y wi th the princip als of e ducat io n, the met hods of in struction and a rt in teaching is n o, the se a1·e taken s ingly, a nd emph a tic a ll y no, when co ns id e red toget be L Es peci a ll y is t hi s sho wn to he the case when seen in the li g ht of th at which the hi gh sc h oo l can rea so na bl y ask of it s teac hers in the line of aca de mi c wo rk.

8. Ped agogica l training oug ht n ot to made a part of any regular fo ur yca 1·s h1 gh sc h ool course becau se of a t<·nden c.:v fo und in e very co mmunity and among ai l d asses. of peop le. At the a ge anu s tage of matunty reached by the p up il s in the ave rage high school both pupil s a nd people confoun d that w hich is. do nc in their high sc hool with a ll there is .for them to do a nd a ll that can be done a ny where a nd by any perso n s. On the pa rt of the pupi l tt JS s md he had tra inin g in the sc ien ce a nd th e a rt of teaching and therefo re is prepared t oteach. On the p Hr to f the pa rent s and many in thc co mmunit y he is s·aid to h ave tak en the cour se in peda gogic al training a nd oug ht to h ave a place in o ur sc h oo ls. In this way bo th a nd comm uni ty expec.:t to get a r et urn -t he o ne for providing the. cou r se in ped agog ica l trainin g in the hi gh sc h oo l, and th t:: ot h er for taking it up and doing th e b est he could wi th it. B_v this bot h are deceived and the schoo ls s uffer. Both pupi ls a nd people arc led to thi nk profess io na l train ing h as b ee n sec ure d, when this is not the case and when even the li tt le he has obta in td is at the expense of som eth i ng else.: of gn:a t v al-

ue to thc young and grow in J; mind . In the com muni ty, ;t s a co n seq uen ce . a system th e.: fr om it s own c.:o un;e witho ut [t ny :td cli tiona l s tudy ur exper ien ce is begun a nd is sure to be co ntinu ed unti l s t:tgnatio n in :t la q :;-e men .u re is the r es ult.

!J. Th e intro du ctio n of pcd agogicn l trainin g in to the hig h sc h oo l co ur se is s ure to br in g a re a ct ion :tg: tin sl lhc hi gh sc h oo l it se lf and thu s J·cac.:L in a p osi tive injury lo the leg itimate wo 1·k th<: hig h sc h oo l is doin g and oug ht to c onti nu e to <l o. It is the le g itim a te bu s in ess of the hi gh sc h oo l to su pp ly the m;t tc 1·ials of know ledge, to s urt·ound the pupi ls wit h fa von.tb le conditions, to awaken thL· g1·owing mind lo the l ife of thc wodd and to th e beaut ies of n ature, to in s pire the b oy and g irl to be worthy ci lizc ns of a t and noble commonwea l th and to mak e each pup il kn ow the d ay of dut y, the 1· ight m eas ure of respons ibility and th e line of de s tin y. From th ese th i ng s w hi ch th e.: high sc h oo l can do and ought to do it oug ht not to turn aside and make an nttempt to do th at which in the ,·et·y na t un· of the case it ca nnot do. Na y, mo re: an attempt whic h mu st in the e nd p1·ovc a fai l ure a nd at the sa me time bring a r eac ti on against the high sc h ool an cl its rightful work and cout·sc to such an ex te nt that i ts l eg itimate work is l argel y imp a ired a nd it s h ea lthful develo pment materially r eta rded.

Howeve r great the need and urge nt the dem a nd in Neb r as ka for an in c t·eas e in th e numb er of tra ined t eac hers. the rea so ns he re gi ve n. tp say n ot hing of o th ers wh ieh co uld be a dd ed. sa _v th at pcda gogiea l training has no pl ace in t he hi gh sc ho ol c.:oursc.

Th e man w ith an i dea ha s ever changed the fa ce of the wo rl d.

Fi nd a wa y or make o ne E ve t·ything is ei t hc t· pusher or pus lw d .-S u cces s.

THE HIGHEST ART.

/1 1· E. A. C.

.\nt tn all ha s it bee n

To attune the tll e:t:;ure cl liu e Tin t in g h l·ll r t-t hroh !' iu to mu sic I 11 the JHll't·s st ra in di ,·inc:

:-;ot· to catc h the fle et ing gl ory Oft he p ur·ple shad ows' pla y, \\"h ere the s un se t' s ct;mso n ban ners Fl oat ahoYc the dying dny:

:-;ot· to fr ee t he p ri s nncd \\"aiting in th e h ea d, Sn titing stone to liYing b ea uty \\"ith n god' s crcatin· nn.

1\ut a ,;wectct· swell et h

Than t he p oet's heart e' er s tirred , ltt the }o, in g t one n nrl accent, In the kinrlly s poken wo rd ,

:\nd the h eart sees gladder s un s hi ne In a smi le hy Jo,·e made b right Tit an the g-o ld en aft e r- s plendor, La vishcd from the s tores of lig-h t.

And the C hri st, tru e manho od's m ode l, G iYes to life a gr ace more ra re Than the b eauty wh ich th e sculpto r Ca ll s from ou t th e ma rbl e fai r.

Po te nt pen a nd brus h a nd ch isel, Wan11, as piring hum an h ea r t, Kuow: to Ji ve a li fe of bea uty Is, of all, the hi gh est ar t.

9/orn2al School . YJirector.!/•

E\' EHETT

It .\ I. S ton e

\'. C. A.

J. \\'. Jli ller

Pn:s idcnt

r\ C. Lu c sc hcn \'ice Pres id e nt

Edi th C arp c ntcr· Secre tary

Edith .\ I o scs Co r-rc spnndin g ec r ct ary

r\ nh u r .J a m cs Trc ::t su re r

Co ra \\' il >: cltt ...... .. .. .. ............ . ... .... . .. . .. . ... .. ..Cr itic

Pres id cnt

H. L. Barri ck \'icc Pres ident C. A. Blnk c ly Secrerary :\. G. Lu esch en Treas u rcr 0 .1/. \\'adclcll. Co rr es pond in g Secretary

S. .\ I Hi x 11y . ... .... .. .......... ... .... .Se r·,t<can t -a t-.·\nn s \\'. R. Buch a nnn ...................... .. .......... Pre s id e nt

P. Hnnin l.ib rnr·ian \\' m. E. S hu man \' icc Pt·es ident .\ Iinney Kcy Rec.ord ing Sec reta ry

Frank Sto ckton Corres po nding Secr et a ry

\\' T. Pr·cs id cnt Rcssie Fisher .. Treas urer

Alice \'nl'l; \' icc Pn:s id cnt E. \\' To \\'nc Libra rian ju lia Pi t ta nt .... .. ................. J< eco rdin g Sccrc t: u ·y Ft·artk U und ay C ritic

Edna .\I it ton ........ ... ... CotTc sponcl i n g- Secreta t')'

Pen rl . .. ... . ... . ...... .... .. .. ......... Trea s urer j. \\' .\1 ill ct· Sc rgt ·nnt-ut-Am ts A. ll e nni .t! ........................ . ............... Cri tic

C! CERO:'\ f A:'\.

\\'nt. E. S hum an . ................................ . President A. G. Lu cschcn .. ..... ...................... \'ice Pre s id ent Frank Stoc k to n Secr eta t·y \'. \\' .c ..\. E. 1U. Fithian Tr ea s urer

Est h er A. C l: t rk Pr·csidc nt

ATHE:'\ 1:\:'\.

Addil· D. l lc an \' ice Pres ide nt jess ie Steb bin s Cl am A. Dcan Sec reta ry Rut h Harri s Vice Pre sideri'f Cm·a llili. .. .......... .. ..... Co rrcs pondi ng S ec r et ary· Edna .\ li tto n Tt·cas urer

Ne ll ie Ha rri s Secretar\7 A Ia KcYil!e C t; ti.c

normal School ;:acuity.

J. A. BEATTIE, LL. o., Prcs idcnt, Etb ics , Educat ion a nd Pedagogy

1. 11- LI A:-\ U. •.k Preceptre ss

1. L. S 11 ELD O:'\, 11 s Natural' Histo ry

.I 1En BE WI' Bno\\' i'> EL L, n. s.,Lr.:- · Physica l Scienc e

E. A. \VIIITE;.;A C K. A. 11., b- Ge rman

F. ................................. .. En glish Lan g uage and Litera ture

:'-I ATT IE CooK ELLis, .L.... Hi s tory a nd Geog raphy

J. .\1. ll o\\' IE, A. n., .. . .. C...... : Math c matics

·EsT rt EH A: A.t) ..V.... .... .......:_. .. a:u

A:-::-: E .\ I. (, OS ! 1 c;:--; , S upetu th:n dc nt of 1t armn , Dcpa r tmc tc t

L. \\'. Ft KE, A. Psyc lt olo gy and Ped agogy

.\ I AHA L. FEnG USO:'\ , Arit hm e tic .and Alg cbnt

GEn il\.t,; N. PonTEn, A. n ................ En g li sh

I'E.\n L S. KE L LEY, V. Prnn ary and Cnttc Tca ch ct·

LO I'r SE \V. :V!EAHS, In tcr mediate a nd Ct itic Teacher

Lnt· E. V... ............ .. ...... Kinrl erg arten an d Cl'it ic Teache 1·

OA ti- Y, Readi ng a nrl Eloc ution

11. BAG\.. A. B., Drawing and Pai nting

t t.A .\I. Vocal Mu sic

:\ 1. Jh ns ln s tr um cnt al Mu sic

EI .\'.\ E. 1\t '!.C J:", v.:-:-:-..

Li hntt·inn

H ow Imitatio n Grow s into O riginality and F reedo m.

By W. T. Harris, LL .D.

Th e c hil d outg r ows hi s fee ble state of mi nd wh erein he ta k es the dea d t·esult of th e t ru e r ea li ty, and gra du a ll y acqu ires , the ab ili ty to th i nk the forces and powe r s, the cas ual energies wh ic h bt·ing thi ngs into ex iste n ce a nd tran slo t·m th em into ot her s.

Im itatio n h as the sa me cou r se of dc\'l·lo pm ent as the sy m bo li c s ta te of th ou o- ht h • h 0 I w 1c , as we ha, ·e sh ow n passes 0 · t , \'e r 1n o t hinkin g by de finiti ons At fit·st 1·m·t t' · 1 a ton cop ies th e m eres t exte mal appea ran ces bu t. it gradua ll y ge ts p osse ssion of mohves a nd p ur poses of act io 11 a d fi 1 , n naly the tmttato r m ay a rri ve at th r d . . e t un amen ta l p nnc1 ple wh ich o ri o-in at tl o es 1e nctt on. Th en the imit ato t· fin ds 1 no on O'e 1 · hi s g uirl e an d rul e in an ex t er ha] m ode l. He fi nd s the r ul e fot· hi s action · h' . ln ts ow n mmd a nd beco m es o ri g in a l.

The c hild imi ta t es an e xter 1 b' . na o It m ay be an ot her per so n, or it ma b . l h' y e an a mm a or a t mg, A bo)' ca n · lm pe t·sonate a stea m en gme, or a bear 0 1 · • 1 1tS el de r bro th er, a so ld te r or a la bo rer n· . . ' IS tm1 tat 10n ts, as we h a_.e sai d, an act f .. . . ' o ass nn,\a- tiOn; an act of m alon g for h t' If m sc th at whic h he sees m ade by an ot her a ] 1 c • c nc t 1e t·eby. pt·o ,·ing causat i ve p owe r. By thts act of t mtt at10 n he therefo 1·e gro.,ys to\\'arrl the feel in g of r espo nsib ili ty. T he act as per formed hy an ot her is n one of hi s.

Th e:: :tel as imi tate d hy h imse lf is hi s 0\\' 11 , ancl he is responsi ble fot· it. Imi tat ion is. therefor e. an acl or the w ill , just ns sy mbol ism o t· thinl<ing by d efi ni tions is an net of Lhc i nte ll ec t. I3 ut the fi r st beg in nin gso f im itat ion with the me t·est cx lcmalitics. ot· the act ion imi tate d. It is the diak ·ctie of imi tatio n to lc:: av<: th ese cxtc rn nls a nd s tri , •c towa rd a 111 ot·c nnd mo re in te rnal t·el at ion of th at \v hi ch it imi tates. Th e l · · f ·tcyJ the elc mcu ts of c ul cl scthcs, step a tc r s • tl m ot i \'c·s and p ur- ca u sa t iO n It su?he s 1c · . . 1 . t ees th e lo!rica l p oses of th e act wn. ' s C: oses 1nd mo ttvcs. n ecess it y of th ese pnt·p · · < d mo re ..,,· tth 1ts It co nn ec ts them more an · · ]e of nc ti on. At ow n fund amen ta l p nn c tp · . th e imi ta ted n et ns la st wh en it perfo rm s · d • 11 p ur p oses an co nan e xp r ess ion o f1t s ow . . 1 1 become ongmnvic ti on, imit at ion 1as ity. . r fu rni sh us h111 ts •Or Th ese cons td c 1·at 1ons , . . 'd' ,a imtt a t1 0 11 as c \11 tnterpr et mg a nd gut 11 eo 1 lVIere pan to mune nne edu ca tiv e m ea n s. . , 1 . t' ons de. d r ibe extet n,t dC 1 so n gs wh1ch esc b 1., stao-e of c uih ym o H: - o light the c hi ld in 15 5 t of t his 'd ) ar O'I:VS O tl ' ture, but he Y 0 e f or the exerc ise of stage an d req t.n res scop 1 e var i·thi s ft·eedom. He wish es to _ m ao{ 't aGt o<d h act H) 11 11111 ' · tions of hi s o wn fr om t e ' I I less mec 1a nt cfl He cont inu a ll y b eco m es · 1 · Th e t eac 1cr a nd mo re spont an eo u s. 1 . . 1 Ids bac k a pu pt m akes a m1 stakc 1f she 10 upo n the fi eld of me t·e m;'-t nti on when he h as beg un to tn te r est 1tmsel fin the m ot iv es an d p urp oses of the action. Such rest ra in t ho ld s bac k gr owi ng

frt'Cdllm unci ind i,·i du:dity. a nd u·ie:-< to Ac il. :tel of st ifling- is n:ry prevalent in primar·y and kinderga rten s under· the co ntt·ol of to:ncher:-< ur kindergartttet·s who hn n: nol led to a ppreciate t.hc imp o nnttl'C: of nt·ig-in :t l acti o n.

En:n what called invc:nti on in the kinderga rt e n. n:tml·ly the co n str uc tion of form s of bc::t11ty or con:-<tt· uc tin g with hl"cks nrc: hi u:etu t·:tl fo nn !', is o fu: n a kind of r!.·s tt·:l illt u po n who :tn.• o ut of the sym bo li c st , tg'l' of min d. fo t· they des ire to mnkc c: d o bjects nnd n ot mak e feeb le of them . The c hild wh o wi sh es a •·c::d cu lling is ancstcd in hi s rlc,·elopc mcnt if In: i:-< mndc to play at mow in g with o nly a< rookc:d st ic k.

Th e child s hould not be undul y in hi s out. nf symbo lism . As long as he h ns a nd a ··c:.d delight in the symb ol he be.: inclulgccl in it s e mployment. So, too, with ·cg:ll·d to imit ati on. Th e judic ious tcachc t· will n ot sec k to deep en the c hi l d' s insig ht into motives Hnd put ·poscs, an d arou se a too ea l'l y feeling of t·csponsibility in hi s mi nd. The pressure oft hc soc i('ty in whic11 the ch ild live s, a so ciety m ost ly of gr own pct·sons possesse d of a d ee p feeling of r espo ns ibilit y, will h asten t he c hild 's dc\'cl opmc nt into .a view <·f m m·a l p urp oses quite soo n enough. But of co urse the re m ay be cxcc pli ons in this casc.-A b st ra ct of Arldrc!'s in J our nal of Educalion.

.tJ.

My Prayer.

lf be sn111c wca kct· ouc, (;i\'(! lll C Strength to hel p him o n;

If a blinder sou l thet·c be,

L et me g ui de hint n eare r Th ee. ;\ lal<c my mo 1·tnl dt·en llls come true

With the work I fa in wou ld do;

Cl ot he with li fe the wea k in tent,

L et me he thing I m ea nt ;

Ld me fi ncl tn thy em ploy.

Peace thnt dea r er is than JOy;

O ut of self to love be Je d,

A nd to h eaven acclimated ,

U ntil a ll t hin gs sweet and good

Scent my n at u 1·c's hn hi tnde -John r.. \,'hitti c r.

A LOOK BACKWARD.

The. First Thanksgiving.

Bo y::: and girls yo u whn arc lookin g forwa rd so eage rly to a glad and joyous Tlw n ksgi ,·ing. s urrouudcd with a ll the comforts an r.l refinem e nt s which mo dern pt·o !!Tcs h ns placed wi thin o ur reach, co me wi th me and ta ke a glan ce ba ckw:t rd. -a long long way b ac k, to t hat fir :; t ThanksgiYin g celebrated by the fo unders of o ur nati on, tw o hundred a nd year s ago.

1t \\':l S on the twe nty-first of 1 ovembe r, in the year 1 620. you r eme mber, that the good s hip •· i\l nyAo w er" bea rin g the li ttle bnnd of p il g rim s, o nl y one hundred a nd tw o in number. ca me to anchor at Ca pe Co d, a ft er a pe ri lous voyage ofnin e weeks.

GlEtCIIy would the weary travelers have left the s hip and pitched their tent s on ln nd once mo re, but even the trackless ocea n seem ed more friend ly in their eyesfor it was a link between them a nd na tive land and loved o nc s, -than the drea ry, inho s pitable sho re, wh ich looked so grim and fot·biding und er the cheerless gray of the wintry s ky.

Not wi s hing. how eve r, to expose the women and children tq the hardships a nd perils of so uninviting a r egio n, th ey did n ot Yenture to la nd; but, after a consu l ta· tion of th e eld er s, it was agreed that a reconnoitering party sho uld be se nt o ut in sea rch of a more h os pit ab le coast

L ed by the re nown ed Miles Standish, a. ch o!';cn band of the littl e compa ny brav ed the terrors of th e unknow n ''vildcrness; and afte r perilin g th eir lives aga in a nd agai n by exposure to the rigors of the unusually seve re \Veathcr, frequ e nt ly sleep in g in the ope n a ir in garmen ts which, after being dt·enched in water, were "frozen on the ir bodies, in constant danger of a tt a ck f mm th e savage na tive Indi ans, they penctm tecl th e trac kless fo t·ests. sailed along the in bo ats, and fin a lly on the

twenlv-firsl of December, one month :tfler they had left their co mpani on s al Cod, renche<l P:ymoulh, nnd, sll:pptng fr om th ei r hoals, planll·d lhl'ir feel upon the SJVlt which wns d e!'t in e rl lobe very f:.tmous in the hi s tory of the Amet·ienn peopl e:

Ret urnin g to th e " :\tlayfl owt·r," lhcit· j oy in th ei r su ccess al havin g :t l lengt h found a landing plrt ce w hi ch !-.ecmed mc,rc sui ted to th e ir nee d s, was cl a 111 pcnl:d hy the so rrow ful new s lhat, during thl:i r a lJsen cc·, the wife of onl: of their numb<:r, Willi am Bl-adford, h<td fa ll en on: rb oard :t nd was d1·owned . But th er·e no ti me lo indul ge in m ou rnin g; and so . fi\'c days later·, the trusty s hip having car ri ed her precious hum an freight lo Plymouth, lh e hcroic pionl·er!', a mid a blinding sto rm o,f snow, co mmenc ed the wori< of erecting dwell ings . The men, a nd lhose of t he boys who wc r<: o lrl enough to as ist th em, wor·ked a way brave ly and chce ril y. fdling timb e r, c uttin g it II J1 i nt o l ogs, and ca nyin g it to the si te w hi ch lh cy had chosl: n for sett le ment

But bc:fore the ntd e a nd h ast i ly co nst r ucted abodes of blo ck s and so ds of earth were ready fo r· habitati on, ano th e 1 • ove r whe lmin g misfortune came to t ry the forti tude a nd cou t·age of the sto ut Pilgrims. Wa nt of food tlnrl ex p os u re to the weather h ad so lo ld up on thci1- already weakened ft·ames, thH t they we t·c at tacked hy a pecu li a1· wasting sick n ess.

It is ha rdly possi hle fot· you boys and girls, in you r C07.y, well heated we ll furni sh ed hom es, to co ncl·ive of the ha1·ds hip s so h ero ically endured l)y you r· bn1 ve fo 1·efathers durin g th at n cvn-to- he-fot·gottcn winter. Devoid of many even of the c 0 111 _ mon neces sa ri es of iife. the sick lay hel pless in the wind-swept, unfurn ish ed shcl te 1 ·s through the openings of wh ich the snow po ured, making a we ird w hite carpel on the uncovered flom·s. Tendc!'ly anrl lovingly were th ey wa ited upon b) those who had not been st 1·ic keri ,-at o ne time

o nl v ..,c ,·cn Ill nu m le i I ·t h·,;.., h co ndi tions. li ttle t·o ulcl the lcnlc crcs, ' · ffi . ·r·" ' t!ld ()IIC >)'OtiC

1 ··- hut. unclcr such

Ion· dcJ fo 1· lhc su · ·: 1. 1 ofthc I 1 • ·k ottlltg l.liH th e,· fo ll cl\n:d t lc >cc 1 <>tll lt s itlt• 'I t II'CC Illgn·:tt white rlllg t·l f lht· olle hunI tl 'Ill ftft ,. () cr, !ttl c m ore 1'1 • th :lt lwei cull I .. 1 \'l' snu s dredanc two 11 • • I (I \\TI ' t•e tii .J i t11.;( · h:1rked on Lltl'' .\l : ty 0 •.• 11 thi s to do wh ·tL )J,t !' .I

But, you say, ' . . ,, l\:ol hin g elili '1'1 • 11· "'" \'lllJ.; wtlh lhc trst 1 • 11 '· ,..., , ·. 1t for 1 11111 I he p.llll:l , l'l:Cl l_v, pcJ'! 1H p .., : HIt

co min g lo Llwl. w in ll'l· h nd n t 1 hitter

The long anc .. · .._ were once I , " s J, tc: . ll:ngth pa s ser :1"·- · 1 tht·l it tk lwnd ' )' tr :111( mor·e b lu l: and s rnt f.·,iled l:\'CII 111 (' I h·ld n ot • who s (: lntsl in tCH • I· r·eslt hcnrt nnd I . t oo ' 1 f the darkc: sl l OLII • 1 • 1 11 ,. cia ,·s o , I l It c ). 1 I --. eOU I'<Igl:. fhro11g l , 1 • th C\' totlcrJ r s uJTII11l:sp rin g lhc heal 0 · 1 ·ting the ir rest! c:omp e I i necs!'l:tnt l\' IHlll 111 ·ttJbb o rn ca rl! ·' • (J" the s dcn ct·s nn d in wo o tn ,., . ICC'' a nd when, · tst cn .tt ' lo yidd them future Slr. vVillintn Br·nd fo rcl , later in the wn t·ds n: , thei r· gove rn o r, d h sc n t whom th ey hn c 0 - re sm[ II Jwrvcs th cr 111 ) d "t h ey bcgnn to ga thei 1 • hom es on they had nn d lo fit up lJ cin <Y n ll we ll \V i i1L "f, o ,, ' dwt ll111 gs ag[llr;t!'l d st t·en gth, th e) t·ceoveJ·ed in hen Jth :ll1 cJ lll tJy blessed 1 ·tb un 'co n sidl rc cl thc msc' ' '. thankfuln ess lo of God. To show th eir. 5 a proclamad t h1n g ' ' d the G iv cT of a ll goo ,1 • 110 r Br:ad for ' , (Jove tion was iss ued b) f' st of Th nn k sgtv- I. Nt. appo in ti11g a sp ec tn

i ng."

t bu st le o fprrpd 'I g 1·e::t II

Then comme n ce ' es a nd the smn ' tl·atioll' the <rood wtv se lv es ind oor!', L c , "' • thc nl boys and o- i1·ls busying for the cook in g ,., ··t ma kin o- 1·caclv the )d c while the IIIC ll b - I fea s t' . I a 11 cJ n <T of t 1 C • sea l'Ch Of \\'JI( ,., ds 10 went out in to the woo of w hi ch the re h >r fJ"[lJTIC, • • , tm·kcys an d ot t: thc 1·e 1s an cn tt.\ But was an a bundance . ·d \iVins low, one of f Eclwa l 1· I fr om i lt c di:try o olonists. w 11 C 1 I fir st c I the nobl est of t H: fo rm a me nU! I ·ou to w ill perhaps h_c P Y 1 the occas ion :picturc of the t un c a iiC t n in the gov1 f <fOl c ' ·•Qu1• h arvc <; l le t ne, ""

T II E S TATE :-.! (HC\1.\ L :-,C II UOL ol

crn or s c.:nL four· nJl·n on fow lin g so th :n \H.' mig ht , a fte r a ma nnt:r ·. r·l:joice tog ether, aft er wt· had r•:Jth c rcd Lir e fn rit of ;::., our lab ors.

"Th<:y fo ur ·, in one d: l\·, killt:cl mu ch fo wl with a littk IH:ip ht:sidcs. Sl..'r\'<:d the: <:ompn n \' a lm o ;:t a we ek :\t that time.: am on gst other n.:cn: nli o ns, \\'l' cxc r·<"isc.:d nur ann s.

" ).J an y of the I 11 d i:w;: c:rme n Ill ongst us, :r nd with th em th e ir · gn:< tl l(in g soit, with nin ty nH: rr. \\' h o111 for· t hree: clays we t·nttnaincrl; th ey (the In dian s .) \\ 'Cn t out an d l<ill ed f·i\' e rll·cr·. whi ch t hl' \' hr11 ug ht to the planta tion nnrl bc.: stowed on o ur gove nt or· a nd up on Capt a in i\ I ilc s Sta ndish."

During th e Th:tnk s g-i vi ng celebra ti on, whic.: h las t<:d a \\'C e k, a ll wo d' w as susptn r! cd, <t nd a r·i•.,.ht mcn·v t im e h ad tht• ,.,ch ildren r·om pin g and playing. while th e y ou ng mt·n indu lge d in nthlet ic spo ns and g-ames with the ft·iend ly Indi an s, who had hcc.: n in,·ittd to' jo in in the fes ti v iti es. It was n ot q ui te so meJTY n time . pe rhap s, for the yo un g maid ens c hi ef among who m w:rs t .h e fa mous P r·isci ll a lVlolin es, a fterwards P risc ill a Ald en, ctncl the good PilJ!r im moth cn; , wh o coo k ed a nd sc r·ved wit h a tota l lack of a ll mod c;·n cul inar·y r·rmv eni cncc·s, a nd , incl eccl. a gr·c:t t s ca r-city of' th c uten s il s of th at dista nt I imc.: the gc ner·ous supply of goo d thing s whi ch t he Imd pt·oviclccl And wh at to othso me dish es they did pn:• pa t·e. to be in s pi te of nil th e di sad va n tages unrkr which they l ab o red! Even a nintc eth l.'•. ttlut·y chef cou lrl fi nd no fa ult wi th the ddi , iou s go ld en br·own tur·keys, savo ry l'l·ni!' on p ast ri es, st e:rmi ng m t·a t stews, with dumplings of ba r-le y flo ur, clr rm l' hnwdtTS, ovst ers hr o il ed fish, sa lad s, rnkl: s 1-111d vYh ich we t·e sp l·cncl in gt' IHTous a hunclan cc on the lon g t ab les. ."< or rl id th e fl·as t lm:k fr·uit fo r· on eac h t al,k· a bas h·t lad en ,.,, ith ph1ms, g rnpcs, Hnd vnriot1s kind s of nut s. And s o, in the primeval for·e s ts, in the

mell ow In dian s umm er tim e, _g1nng thank s to God who h nd br ought them through o many tria ls a nd ha rds hi ps, did o ur st urdy Pi lgrim fo refat hers celebrate th ci1· first Th a nk sgi ving feast.f-'r om Succes s.

O utlines of General History.

B.1· Fra uk ivf. Colby: Publish ed by American Book Co mpan. 1·.

To the st ud ent. when we co nsider the stage ofad\'a n ce m ent at which he usua ll y begins the s tudy of ge neral hi sto ry it is h ot h m ost imp or·tant a nd very diffi c ult . It is imp or·tant it is the ge neral intr·oduction to the great sto r·e-h ou se of hi stor·ic kn ow led ge , and because the s tud e nt ge nera ll y gets a co rrect or an inc o rrect idea of what hi sto ry i s, wh at it s va lu e is , what it s method is and what it s relat ion to o th ct· s ubj ects is.

Th ese things true, wh il e more depends u pfnt the than up on any t hin g el se the text b oo k in the hand of the student, and us ed by him a nd the teacher, as a gu id e ot· an o utl i ne, is by no m ea ns an un i mpor ta nt m atte r.

Th e text-boo k whose ti tle. author a nd pub lisher are given a bove seems to be we ll a dnpt ed f01- th e purp ose intend ed. The introdu cto ry ch apter gives a definition of hi s tory prese n ts the ki nd s of hi s tor·y, as intellectu al hi story, politica l hi s tory , co nsti tu tio na ] hi s to t·y , economic l1i sto ry, a nd histor·y of morals- the bmn ch es of le a rnin g w hich clo se ly r-ela ted to hi s tor y are geog raph ;', et hn o lo gy and phil ology. This is fo llow ed by the u ses of hi sto ry a ncl prehistor-ic man as r ep 1-ese nted by the ages qf sto ne bronze a nd ir·on.

The r aces are classified as Aryan, Se mitic, Hamitic. Turanian a nd Negmid.

Th e hi s tory as a \vho lc is prese nt er! under the usual divis ions-A ncient , Me di aeval a nd Modem.

News Notes and Locals.

Dr . Ja ck a nd family arc n 0w loc::nc d at Wymon:.

Roh e rt Ca mpb cl1, '98, 1·c.: nwin s al Ewing princip al of sch oo ls.

Mi ss Minnie Buchanan is fi r st primary teacher in Goi·dnn.

Mi ss McWilliams of th e Trn ining Cl ass of '97 teaches in Th aye r Co.

Mr. Walk er a former s tuden t of the Normal is at the Wesl eya n thi s yeaL

Mr. L ee per wcl1 kn nw n to th e me mbers of l ast year's Fir st Yea r Cl ass, is at ho me at Mait la nd Mo.

Frank :\la1·Lin h ns kfl nnd pl:tn s to hc a d en lis l.

Mis s Be ss Tyn on, '05, teach es in tl11:

Sutton high :-;c h oo l.

Mi ss E ll [l J. Hn rtl c _v. '09, is primnry

t ea cher in Il nw clb thi s yca L

Jo hn J. Ki n g. '95, is p re s ident of th eY. M. C. A. at th<: Stat e U nivc1·si ty.

M1·. E. M. Wan:. w ho:-;c tw o sisters arc · bin ..,. in Thnvcr Co. 1r sc h oo l h ere 1s t<:dC o • So is lVh. F. J.

$-

r -d '97 tea ch es in So uth M1 ss Mae Bam •01 ' , . . 0 1 d l\1 ·ss Li lli an Bamfo1·d, 97, 1t1 rn a 1a, an 1. · 1 ch oo l in Omaha. the De a-l a nd Dum l s

.11-

Mi ss Ali ce Lo o mi s, '96, h as a fine pD s ition as l anguage a ncl hi sto ry teac her iT) the Alliance hi gh sc h oo l.

C. F. Leb er, ' 94.' after a numb er o{ vea 1·s as pri n cipa l at Osceola was to th e s up e1;nte nd ency at Sutton t hi s year.

.;t.

E. E. Sams, '95, of Friend , is one of t he promising young c it y s up e rin te nd en L::; of the state . Hi s sa lary \va s taised to $950 thi s year.

. •go- is jJ rin c ij:>a l at Her1\I . T' . DaY1s ,' t Ss 111 H. ' • ' 1 1 'l d' tl ere wa s 1 c schoo J1.11 mg 1 man. Th e a1g 1 . h , t O)·ecl the lone w 11C oe s r by the eye · t ow n in Jul y.

.. M .. Wri n·ht tells of A le tter fr om 15 ::; ·d C I ]'nas at R1vers t c, a ple asant S UtT OU JH.l r-,f·. 1 j j' 1 t ful clilll. e nt 0 t 1e tg 1 her full cnJO)'ll1 D d M 1·.. . ·r 1 home ,. an -· ate a nd h er he a ut1 u . · . h is at too. F ·u·nham wh ose 0 111 e ' 1 ru·e hn ppily localarc in hc nlth anc ' • ed.

T il E STATE SCHOOL

Atte nd the State

Cass ie n ncl Dora :-p e nd C hri stmn in I owa.

Dr. Cr·ofts \\'ill led un.' on the CYcn ing of jan uar·y 26, 1 900 .

Mi ss Fi nk goc!' to her· home nt \\'ym orc , fo r· , -; rcatio n.

Miss Nc.: ll ic Golden. '95. is fin;t pr im ary teacher in Ser·i hncr·, he r· h ome to \\'n .

Miss Ln wn:n cc ,-isi ts her br ot her si!'i ter· in O mah a c1 ur i r:g the ho li days.

Dr·. Beattie wa s at Va ll ey Decembe r 2 for tw o add r esses , nnrl at Davenpo rt th e 15th for a lcc tu r·c.

Mr. Dav is of N ebra s ka City spent Sunda y, Dece m ber· 10, with his sister, Mi'ss E mm a Dav is. '

Pearl Jo hn so n was o bli ge d to leave sch oo l on a cc ou nt of her eyes. S he is expec ted back after v acation.

Mis s Sad ie Smit h. is n most su ccessful hi gh sc h oo l teac her in No rth Bend whe re she h as been s in ce gr·aclun tin g.

Prof. gave a lec ture in Chap el f. on Wed n esday ev en in g, Deem her 13 . on Th e Sun as the Cent er of the So la rSy s tem .

It is Ju dge Rich ard Neal, '94, n ow , and S up e rint e ndent \ Vm . C. Parri<,tt, '96, as a resu lt of the l ate elec ti on in Nema ha County

The First Ye ar Cla ss ha,·e adopted yell ow and brown fur cl ass co lors.

\\"m Tu cker, a fa nn er student of the h as been Yisi ting in Pe ru

l\Ji ss Ka te S mi th, '95, takes th e place of i\fiss Cora J nc k in the Au burn schoo ls.

\' er n \'nn ce, '99, a nd C. \V. Ran so m a re st u de n ts in the OmahnMedical Co ll ege.

The nftemo on preceding Thanksgi,ing Day w as obse n ·ed in the Practice Sch ool by appro pr·iatc decorations and exe rcises.

To t he li st of fo nn er s tudent s of the Nor mal now at the Uni ,·ers ity nrc to be acldccl the names of Enos T. L eigh a nd C. ]. Berkey.

We n ote thnt D. D. Ma rtind ale, of the Nor mal Sc h oo l Board, was electPd for the four·th tim e county s uperintend e nt of Knox county at the late elect io n.

Rev Hunt , pastor of the Ba pti st c hurch nt Fa ll s Ci ty, led chapel exercises, Dec ember 18 , and gave a ve ry pleasa nt and inst ructi ve talk to th e s ttrdents.

Anna E. Ca no n, ' 98 , teachin gn ea rC oo k, nnd Dai sy Dean t eaching at Jo hn so n, a nd Matt Murphy t eac hing n ear Tecumseh, vis it ed in Peru during the Th a nlo:gi, in g vaeation

0. D. Sea rs h as boug ht th e dru g store for·merl y ow ne cl b"]. P. Gillilan . '92 a nd is ad din g a seeo nd story to it and will pu t in a new fnm t. Mr Gilli lan is mem he 1· of a n ew gr·oo cr_v fi rm next the bank

STA ' PE NO I< l\ IAL

Je nnie Hi ggin s ,·is itcd the No rm al seve ral da ys rccc nll y. .JI.

. Gc nevc Ri tch ic::tnd Ma ucl e Pa rl<c r do n ot tn te nd ,-e turn i ng a fter th e hoi ' tu ays .;1.

Winifred P utn ey ''J7 1 l· · · • 1as a gc>o d 11 0 St ton 111 the Nc br as k.·t C't hc < 1 Y sc oo ls.

Edit h a nd Merti e M fr om their m Ll . d .o ses expcel a visit o let u nn g the Ho lid· .;1.

Th e Sc>eiclit·s t·cpot·l that th ey nrc doin,:! hclt<:r work this ye:t r thnn usua l. ;\o sl ucl enl can well :dTonl to miss thi s pnrtof sc h oo l life .

\ Ti ss Tr cl<.: n Spc n cl r. ·a , , is nl's islnnt pt·inci pal i 11 J) ; 1 k ow City, lt ct· ho tn c town.

Sh e: w;ts lc nckn:d a in th e ionx Frtll s, S. D ., B apt ist Co lk gc htt l rl cc iclcd to remain a l hom <.·.

t a 1cs of the

Some of the yo un g I d' ory at·e s ubstituting I clu h exerci ses. s <at in g for

TheY. :VJ. C A. is for :1 bu th room lo h e: l oc:t t ed in the n nn ory huil di- Thin y fi v<: do ll ars wns su

In clt:t n f ' wtlh 111 fiv e min ut es fo r the purch ase of a

Ne ll ie Cra ig h . 0 h . ' w o IS now te h' rn a a, vt s ited M' ac 111 g In t ss F ogg 1 giv in g v acat ion. c unn g Tha nk s-

Rut h Ha rri s o fth I . d e e OCU tlQ d reo ered severa l 1 . n epa rtnien t se eet lons , t gtven by th e Da I . . a. a ba nquet ug 1ters of R b burn , December 1 5. <: ekah of Au.;1.

Pr of. Pike ' 11 Wt a ttend Sta tc Te a chers' A . the M isso tu·i sso ct atio

r ead a paper on h' ld n, where he wi ll . . . c ' studv H . v.tstt re) a tlVcs whi l . . - . e wtll also e tn Mt sso uri

set of t uhs for t hi s pur·pose. "C icn nlim:ss is n ext t. o anrl wc ,·ej n icc in t1tcsc goo d wo rk s.

No te th c ed i to t·iH I of t hi s is sue· nnd th e r easo ns' gi vcn wh y th e high sc hu ol s hould not rriv e pedaCYoniea l tJ·ai nin g-nin c of n er o th e m; gi ve them due considenttion . Notr, to o, that any con s icJc.: nJ ti on of wh nt pro· vision sbould be m ade to see m·c the lar ge r n umbc1· of tra in ed tea ch ct·s al ready in demand in th e sta te is n ot ther ei n attem pted.

Severa l me mbers of the fa c ult y went to .JI. Neb r as ka Cit y, th<:: eve ni ng of the 1 2th

The No rm al Y. M in sta n t, to Wh i teside in C. A. a nd h ave co ll ec ted 107 h . Y. W. C. A. "H am let ." Th ey bri ng :1 goo d n·po rt of the y w il l se nd tn M c. 1 Otc e books w hi ch th e youngS hak espea 1; :t n ac tor. His intcro th eY. M. c. A. pub lic eco me a pt·ctation of the moody Da ne wu s seem- f an t a to b·

. pl ace libra ry at th at in gly a ll th at co uld be vvis hed. Mt·. Whiteside's per so na lity grew the a udi ence

A sto rv bv l\o na M ] I . · - · o 1nston '9S . ed 10 Th e Kio te a U ni . ' , pnnt- ' ve r st ty paper h . additio n to i ts hi o-h • as tn • b me nt as a litcrar productiO n. a local in te r est that sh I' y · ou r. ca ll tt to the attent ion of ev en· fo rm ct· st I f h J \H en t o l c :'\orm<d.

in s uc h a mann er that . w hen the end w as reached. a ll felt that tru ly hnd "t he mirror b ee n held up to na ture." Th et·e w as n one of the ''be:J o wing" and "s trutting" th ut made one feel that ''jou·rn ey mcn had ma de men a nd not made t hem well. " On the whole the eve nin g wa!' ao cnjoyah·e occasion.

A folde•· gi,·ing :1 s yn op:- is of pnrlinmcnta ry rules by Pr of. Fikc will pro,·c of especial helpfuln ess to all of the so ciet ies, \\'t' fee l as:-u n.·d.

A letter fnm1 :\ li ss \\' :1it c \\'ho h ns clircctio n-oft hc :'li o rm al Dcpta n ne ntof the. Late l; ni,·en;i ty ttl alL L: tk <.: Ci ty, of her wo,-k there a nd her plc:t:-; JJt l

The \' M. C.:\ \' \\' .C. A. :1 m ost soc ial th <.: c\'c ni ng of thl· 't 9th in sln nt in Liht·nr·y with mcm he t·s I ofthe Pncu l ly gu est:-. En te r ta inment of ,·nrious w;ts pt·oyided, and n .: frc shmen ts se r ve d.

When the Mes se n ge r c..-r·s in any •·cspect in an yof i ts Ncwsand L oc: tl sit w ill hecnnsiclcred a favot· to h a\-cn olicc ofit. Any info rm at i on of ihc w hc t·ea bo ut s a·ncl fo rt un e of for mer st ud en ts ha nd ed in hel ps make· o u•· sc h oo l pap<.:·r of in te r est to a whole circl e of friends et nd ac qu a in ta n ces.

Miss Stone•·, ass i st ed by SC Yl' t·al of th e t eac her s, en tertai ned the yo un g la di es of the

do rm itory in the t·eception roo m Th anksgi ,._ i ngevc nin g. Th e t im e w as plea s ant ly s pe nt wit h c xc t·ci sc s app r op •·iatc to the cl ay. The eve n_in g w ill be reme mb ered qy in after yea rs as one .. of th e m ost pl easa nt sp ent at Mt. Ver non Ha ll.

Thl! annua l meeti ng of the St ate Boa rd of Educntion b ri ngs i ts mem bers together he re thi dos i ng week of the te rm . Mr . \\' est is now the o ld est me mb er in leng th of !-en·icc on the Board.

\\'. D. :\JcC u ne, ' 99, who h as ch nrge of the sc h oo ls at Juli an. spent the afte rn oo n of the ht in :"Xor ma ll ib rar y. He says t hi s is one t hin g he m isses mu ch n ow th at be is dcpriYed of its dai ly usc. .:f.

The me mb ers of the seco nd yea r K ind ergarten c l: ssentcrtainc d the fi rst y ea r cl ass and the it· tenc h er wi th a fe w fr iend s on the C\·cn in g of No \' em be r 29. Th e K ind erga rte n t·oom \\' llS deco r ated, •·efres hm en ts \\'e re sc n ·ed a nd ga m es ind ulged in. Th e ocens ion pr o,·cd :t ,·cry pleasa nt and enjoyn hl e one.

Th e W t•s tern Stars were gr ee ted oh the ev en in g of Dece m be r 4, by a lar ge enth us iastic audience , and the en te r ttl iTJ mcnt they pr iJ vi dcd gave the gr eatest satisfactio n. Th e wo rk of th e' c ra yo n hrtist wo n him the closest atte ntio 11 1 the readin gs were bot h well ch ose n a nd finely rende r ed, and the m u sica I po rti ons pleasi ng.

Pw f. a nd Mr s. Cla rk {tre in C hi cago thi s year, where Pr of. Clark is Fell ow in Pedagogy in the Un ive r si ty of C hi cago. He just b een a nn o unced for a co urse of There was an inf(jrma l r ce i ta l olvoc;:tl n nd lect ures in the s prin g qu ar ter on the Psyi•)st rumen ta l mus ic in the clw.pt ·l the afte r- chol ogi ca l Fob h dations of Ped agogy. He n oo n of th e 1 4t h instan t. The ren de ,·i ngs rece i ved a li A.M. fr o l11 H ar vard last Jun e, re fl ec ted great cre di t u po n th ose ta kin g_ af ter a year's st u rly th ere ,· wit h the r epart a nd u po n the in st ru ctor s. Misses m ar k ab le r eco rd of seven straight "A's." Davis Sa n ders. A .rec it al of pu pil s in Mr s. Cla rl< h as pu• ·sued stud ies of lik e the eloc ution d cpa rtmcn t. occu .-re d T ue s day- -tchar acter a nd h as enj oyed the soc ial adaf ternoo n. Dece m be t· 1 9, an d was · a ''f.re1:y van'tagcs in full m eas u re. Whil e in Ca mpleasan t affa ir Co ngr at u lat ions to b oth bri d ge she ,vas an nffil·cr in the ' 'H a na rd Miss Da il y and th ose \\' ho a pp ea r ed on D ames," a soc iety com p osed of th e wi ,res the pr og •·am \n:rc du e. of Har Y::ti·d s tud en ts.

92

TH E STATE NO I<MAL SCIIOOI.

In the December number of the 1'\cbras ka J. L. spoke 1n Ch apel the Teach er, of wh ich J. W. Cr abtree , · 7. is 15 th in sta nt in th e inter es ts of the tudcnt one of the pub lishers, plea s ant no te is Mi ss iona•·y Ca mpai gn. llc is n rn o.t made of many of ou r Norma l gradu ates irrf-. ea rn cst wor ke r a nd spe 11 l< c r. He see ks it s column s of •· Pc r !'onal l\ l cnt ion . '' \\" c to fur·th cr th e c :liJ SC of mission s t hro ugh n ote it ia ll s into the s nme error concern- systema ti c work clone: in yo ung people's in g P. M. Whitehead, of Elg in , to w hi ch soc ieti es in th e ,.; 11 ious c hu n·hcs. in cludinn atte ntion is ca ll ed cls cw h c• e.

The Gc 1man program in the Wellingtonian soc iety on the 1 5t h r eflects mu ch cn:d-

th e placing of I i br:• ri cs of hooks 0 11 rni s-

s inn s. Ove r eighty s tud en ts hn\' c nrrnnged to :ti el in lhe work n t the ir h ome$ during the holiday s. f it on those h avi ng the matter in cha rge, a nd sh ows the effic ien cy of the wo rk bei ng done in the Ger man cl:1 ssc s. It consisted of recitations, a play and a d ebate. The subject of the debate was: Rcsolvcd, - Ocr Rhein ist sch ocnc 1· als d er Hud s on.

.J1.

The Messenger stand s co n ected, -P M. Whitehead of Elgin is n ot married as stated in our Octobe1· i ssue. In a ch aracteri s ti call y h appy lette r he ow ns up to a ll the other a ll ega tion s co n ce rning him and hi s bu sin ess ventures, a nd to an a biding devotion to Alma Mater. Our best wishes for hi s business s ucce ss, a nd congratulations in due t ime

Th e Cht;stmas exerci ses of the Practice School on th e eve nin g of December 18 made a most enjoyable occasion. Every part was a su ccess a nd cause for congratul ation to a ll conce rn e d. The cantata, Dorothy's Dream, was very ha ppily carri ed out in eve ry respect. It brought in many children from the kin dergarten up, and the teachers must h ave la bored very faithfully to th e pe rfection of it s several parts a nd of the whole pr ogr am. '

Th e Ba nd Conc ert of the 1 5t h in sta nt was the oc<.: asion of nHl ny co m pl imcntm·y wonls lo a ll _cn gngcd. The program is g in·n bel ow. Th e si nging grwc friends of Mi ss Worley oppo rt unity to her <.1nd g•·cct he,· again, and for nil to know :Vl rs. Whitenack as a s in ger. The Indi an c lu b ell-ill of a cl ass t•·aincd by Mis Da ily held the -cl osest attention of the audience a nd won generous

PROGRA:II.

Overture-P syche Ba rnh ouse

Voca l So lo-Rcpc nt ancc Gouuod Mrs. Whitenack.

Marc h-T•·iumpha l. Gounod Baritone So lo-Tor eado r' s Song from Carmen G. N. Porter.

Vocal Soli- (a) A Rcsolve .............. Fontaiucllcs (hl Scrcnade F. Wo rley Miss \'Vorley.

Drill. ............................ ......... . ............. .. ..............

Wal tz-Ma i-Bellc..... . .... .............. .. . ......... Roeder

Piano Duet- Fifth Symphony ............ Bedhoven 1\lfi sses Beattie and Davis. March-Alabama Dream ... .. ............... .. Barnard R ec it at io n-France sca .' Clark Miss Fink.

Vocal-So lo-The Gypsy Maid .... ........... Parkcr Miss Worley . March-King Cotton Sousn

t he oldest establisf: ed

MUSIC DE ALER!

in t he State of Because he .:ummenced sel li ng

PIANOS

AND and a ll kinds of Musical M erchan dise :

w ith t he orga nization of t he State then and now lor.a t ro 0 !: . l e;Hy.j

on easy t erms at vet'Y l ow pric es

• For Good Qu ality Call on Him .

• " FI DE LI T AS V:N CI T."

( 1/'f'/ .I/. ·'' 1\1'/.f , :.!fJIIfl. ( lfl. .l(}f)(},OII.

Fir. pnnj ",w/t :11 I pr'OQ.' F:tlly insur, .f <1!,'.1:11"1 l>lll".!,'laiJ' and robhcr-t.

OFF I CERS.

JACOB GO O D, R. T. McA DAM S, VIC( PJl (SIOI HT ELL IS E. G OOD f".Af; Hit ot

l. X T lt. 1\ d • GENE RA L

• v'+' . n ar ns MERC ii ANol sE.

PE RU, NEB RASK A. FREE DELI VE RY . e toth htg , [atmdry 1JJ Dy¢ lUorks .\ ! P rices Reasonable. i

Lnun(h ·y ca l kd fo 1· <tn d r kli n:n:d Ft id n,· J. C. M ARDIS, Agen t.

S CHO OL AND HOM E E DU CATION

Is a 111agazine de \· oted to the inle t·csts ol pr act ica l cducatio11 in s choo l a nd lt o tll l'. II is ofva ln c to supl·rintc:1d ·.: nls and tcach ..: t·s a nd to all int cn: stc d in th e education < 1 1 thc it·c hi l dn:n and in t ht·ough tlw sc hc,. >b. A" t lt c Pu bl ic it h as b t:c n know n for _,· l·;us a,; an t: clu c :t tinn; tl ln rt ga zi nc of hi g !t It contin u!..',.; th e wo rl> of the :'a!' t, and in t<' 11 ds to. ta ke the '-" <II II C high p l:1 cc in , i t,.; new fic::ld, in w l: ic· h it is the p iu m:e 1·. C (:< J. 1' Hn l\Yn IS th <.: Erli t ot". On<.: H .n::ll" ; ten nu tll h.:1 ·s. S: nd f'ro r fn:e " :tnt plc an ti ofl'c 1· lo new ;; ult>' <' t·ii H .: n <. McCormick' s Sugge s tion;; for Teachin g Geog raphy

Is the la test a dd it ion lo our li ,.; t o ft cachet·s' ho oks. ;uu.l i ts 1·cpu tnt ion ti•t frcs hn ,.,,;s : LII d me rit. Fiftv c c.: nl s in cloth. Se nd fr>r dt: scr i pt in; cat nlc;gnc of the :\f •: :\ l: IOT_y ., ( nno ks Oil :\l t:th rl Songs of th e Tr eetop and lVIead ow

A lit ll c hfl nk of pm: lll >' l<>.r 1•\iliHII)' gl·:o cl c!': , is. a wo nh_y n dditi o11 to \H I I" list of t'ltil. dren,s hoo l<s n n<l 11 1atc nnl f., r 11 1l c nn nl1<tl c ti O C'C itt s. fk' sl'ripti ve ca talo"lt(' of til.! cnti r<.: li,.; t nn app lt ca lw n.

A DD RE s s,.., Pu!:lt:sh @ng moo m!ulg to n, 111

Voi.UI.

PERU, NEBRASKA, J AN UARY , 1900.

SOME REMINISCENCES OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

N o.5

1:-.1 .the t'.ad y hi slo t·y of lt n:d 1 11 the li llie lo\\'n t he su bject of t hi s sketc h aclon ts, n co mmuui t,· of in trep id pionec t-s \\' ho had ct·osscd t he souri riv et· in qr tcst of h om<..'s : mel h appim·ss on t. hc b c>J- det • or n \\'llcl : tnrl tr ac ld ess pra1 t-i c. Th ey pt·c-c mp tcd ot· o therwi se acq uired fann s, rai se d co n1 anll catt le, and se rved Gu cl , ot· nc, ·il, acco t-rlin g to tht· di ctal<s of t.h c it · n:spccti\·c co n sc iences. ficc it to sa y, th ey and were tolerab ly happ y. Th ey i nco q )o t·ntt·d a town. o t·ga ni ze cl c hur ch es a nd bui ll a sd1ool hou se th ey es ta bli shed :t schoo l :t nd endO \YCrl it with a nam e-' 'Th e l't ru Sc m in a 1'\' a n cl Co IJ eo c." rIt t It H l - b C\'cn tful <: pudt, st ud e nt s were n ot as numero us ns the t·cclunclctnt pn tit·ie fl owers. under tltc co n ge ui al influences of \·ent nl su us hin e and sh ow ct·s. The sc h oo l lang ui shed. The brain a nd bt·;.t\\' ll that be o-<1Lb nn cl fos tct·crl the ett te q) rise wc t-e un equ al to the ta sk of gT O\Y i ng il g. 11pon th oms; _veL aftet · : Ill goo d cn me o ut of this Naznn·Lh, th nJUg h a be quest. by th e incOJ·por alors of >'ai d sc h oo l, of the :-:chool- hou sc nnd the spac ious it nc.:cujJ ied, un to the sl ate of Ncbrrtskn \\' il lt a ll t he n pput·ten:tnc.:(·sand th en un to bel onging in considcn t L1o n that a Normn l Sc h oo l !;ho ulcl IJ c e!"tH hl1 !" hcd nttd m<tintaim rl hy

the !'tate, for the special in st ruction of t.tac her s for t he public schools. Thus, in the year A. D., 1 67 , t he on ly State Norllt ::t l, choo l had i ts in cept ion.

i\luch en.:d it. is due to th o!"c h ono r ab le an d hcn evo kn t ge ntlemen wh ose n ames arc mentio ne d, without in \;diousncss toward· th e ir 'in tha t ent.e r pr1sc, n amel y: '' \\'illi am Da ily, J. F. Hiram Bu rch, W. \V . S mi th. D. C. Cole, J. j. L cnch, T. I I. Am sde n, Giles Rende r and j ose ph Foot.''

Th e 2\:onnn l Sc h oo l, also, mel ad n: rse c irc um sta n ces. It s birth was a ll but prc111a tu rc; it taxed the faith and eou r arre of "' the Bo a rd of Ed u ca tion nigh unto despair, chu;ng the fir st deca de of 1ts ex istence.

Tt wa!" n ot and is not primari ly :.t n instit uti on for the educat ion of cl;ildre 11 • n 1• peop le in genera l, but a rr ofessio n al sc hool for th e specia l in st ru ct i on of teachers fo 1• the public schoo ls. Th e sc ience of pedagogy may be ta u ght or acquired b\· stuclv: hut th(' m-t of reac hin g co m es byor intuition. An essential' clcme n;t. in n no rma l !'c ho ol is, of nec essity, a practi ce or trn inin g rlcpa 1·tment from alpha to o mL-g;1. Whil st the educatio nal ncquireJllt'n Ls and 1 cha r actc r of the seve rn I prin cipa ::tll(l ass i sta nt. t t•nc hcrs prior to the year 1R83 were a h ove n: pt oach.

yet the hi sto ry of the sch oo l r evea l!> t he fact that n ot one of tho se pr in ci pal ss e<· rm.: d to appreciate th e purp ose M n eces sity of a m odel or training department for pra<.:ti ca l in structio n of teachers: Albeit, th e s ubject was frequ e ntly sngges tecl by a m em ber of th e Boa rd of Edu cat io n. th at pe ri od o ftirne th e sc h ool IJec:tme di stingui sh ed as an ed ucat iona l in stilul inn, and graduated a la r·ge numb er of exc ell ent young and you ng women , m an y of whom became succe ss ful teac hers in the public scl:ools, ot h ers e min nt in the pm· fcssions, and a ll good

In Se ptemb er 1 883 Dr. Geo rge L. Pamham, an ab le and p.-ominent cducato •·JIIHI pioneer in no rm al sc h oo l in stnreti o n, from the state of New York, took ' as principal. He re-orga nized it as a norm al •chool in fact as well as in name. w ith an adequate cou r se of in st ructi on a nd prnctice in the science a nd art of teac hin g. s uited to i ts purp ose , with a faculty of stt·ong, progres si ve teacher s. The s cho ol began a new life, grew rapidly, ma rking an epoc h in it s hi s tory, b eca me known outs id e

of P eru and of

gntd u ates comm n nd cd teachers a ncl prin c ip als in the ci ty gr·ndcd sc h ools and hi gh in th e nnd cl ewh c rc. Dr. Farnharn res igned hi s positi on in the S <:lro ol in the 1 93, nnd wa s s uccee ck cl l1y l' n>f. :\. \V 1 orton. nn able a nd cfliei c nt in s tn tcto r· ft·om th (' Oswego :-\ o nn :tl Sc h oo l of 1'\ cw Yo r·k. and hi gh ly conrm ctHic cl hy Dr Sheldon of thnt im; lilution. II<: l'O tHiuctc tl the sc hool alo ng th e lin es so we ll laiu by D1·. Pumh am,- im parting Lo it goo d im p ul s es n nci m :.u·ke cl t·es ult s. In 1 896 Pr·o f. No r to n was su cceeded IJ y D1·. J. A. Beatt ie, the pn:sc nt in c umht·n L. Hc is an cducntor of lar·gc ex pni en ce and st t·ong pc r so nn li t:y, and a s ucce ss fu l' di,·ccto r· in the special wo r·k of thi s in s titution. Th e sc h oo l is g r·ow ing a nd p r·os p<.Tin g und e r· hi s eA1cient man agcmcn t.

No ot he r· educational in s titution exerts g r·eater or more benefic ial in fluen ce f or good in our system of publ ic in s truction than the: State No rm al Sch oo l at Pe r·u.

It is s ub stantially true, that virtue or m ora lity is a n ecessa ry spring of popular government Prom o te, th en, as an obj ect of primary imp o rtance, institutions for th.e gene ral ditfusi on of knowledge. In proporti on as the structure of a government gives fo.rcc opinion it is essenti al that publtc op rm on sh ou ld be ;n lightened. -G eorge Was hin gto n: Farewell Address.

WHAT CHILDREN BY NATURE D EMAND IN UTERATURE.

By .Uarn L. Fcrgu so u.

T OO/\ Y mon.: t. h: 111 c\·cr· hctorc, t.hc li,·e

. co n scie n t.io u :" tc:tc hcr and th e in te llige nt. parent nt·e en t·nc:::th· s t.ud vitto- c hild - • b n at. ttrc . Th cv an: st. udvi tl'' ch il dren nlona ""' 0 th e.: lin e ofp h y:-: icu l, m en tal a. nd mo nt! acti,·ities then ::;ec.: k lot· the p n> pe r material to aid in the d c,-c.: lop mc nt of the se activiti es. Ncve t· bcfo t·c h as thc t·c been s uch hcat·ty co-o pent ti on between tea ch cn; nnct intelli ge nt pa t·cnts Eac h feels m ore mot·e the ri g ht s of thcothct·and the need of the most heart y sympat hy a nd cooperation. As a re su lt we ha, ·c child -stu clv "ociet ies, women's clubs with their meet in gs" and the c hild- s tudy d epart m ent in alm os t evct·y State T eac hers Association as we ll as in t he Na tiona \ Edu ca-t:ional Association.

Th ere w as a time which mav he termed the "per iod of methods", whe;1 the te ac her stud ied the su bj ec t and a rra naed it for • b presenta ti on but anan gcd it in the w ay her ow n ta stes indi cated. h av in g no thought as to the c hild 's taste or ab i lity, except as she considen•d herse lf a "c hi ld of lat·gcr growt h." These s ubj eets mu st be taught; h ow sha 11 I dress them to make them the m ost attractive?" Now, both pat·ent and te ac her that we hav e in ou t· h an ds hum an be ing s. Th ey also realize that the chi l dren h ave certain Goclg iv cn te nd enci es . a nd th at their duty is to help them d eve lop int o the fu ll est manho od a nd womanhood by furnishing the m os t ap pr op ri ate matet·ial f or s uch devel opment

The question of the lit erat ure that sha ll be fumished the c hi ld is one of the m os t i mp orta nt on es · for parents, as wc 11 as for teachers, to co ns id e r. We ca dy teac h the c hild to read a nd unless we teac h him what to r ead we ma y he lp· cd him to ga in what wi ll prove to be a cu r se to him We m ay think o fhim being

lend to a m ost bcautifulgardcn containing pl::t nts of n 11 kind s from t he mo st b ea utiful n nd sho wy o rch id to the but s imple mignon ette : from the no uri s hin g li fcg;,·in g fruit to the m ost deadly iv y. Th e gn te is ope n ed the c hild is lead in a nd there he i:o: left to be at tr actcd by an yt hin g a nd c,·ery thing he m ay fi nd. Dr. Stan ley Hn 11 in writin g of what \\'e sh ou ld read in sc h oo l says: "'l lun·e grad ua lly a lm ost l·ome to the op ini on that many of o ur youths would develop int o better he al th, stau nche t· vi t·tu e, and possibly better citize n sh ip a nd a c ulture in eYery way m ore ped agogica l n nd sol id , had they n eve r b ee n taught to r ead, but so me u seful ha ndicr aft and the habit of utili z ing a ll the meth o ds of ond ed uc ation wi thin reach instead." The chi ld. when he comes into this world h as a right to demand ce r tain th ings of th e membe rs of hi s own fa mi ly, butjust as p os i tively h as he the right to dema nd so me things of th e p eo ple of the t ow n in which he li ves, of the state a nd of a ll ma nkind . The fact th at God has bre at h ed into the child the breat h of life, puts us unde r ob ligations to do a ll we can to help him develop int o the s tature of fu ll ma nh ood. As tea chers we a re und er s peci al o bli gatio ns to the ch ildren pl aced under o ur cn t·e.

In deciding what a c hil d' s na ture demand s we cannot do it from thc,)rv neit her can we do it from our o wn p as t• 'e xperiences. The chi ld' s taste m ay not be a co rrect gui de for hi s ap p etite m av h ave b ee n cr eated, or at least m odifi ed b; what he has feel on. At the ven· b e!rin nin a we J h 0 mu st agree that c hildr en differ a nd st i11 by a ca re fu l st ud y we m ay find that thcv ngrcc more n ea rl y than a ppeared at fir ;t to be the case.

The old theory t ha t the mind was m nclc up of certa in fa c ulti es t ha t acted a lm ost

!/I)

inc.lcpenclc n tly of cach othct·, h:tsgi\'o:ll way to the idca of' unity . At the :-.ame Lime \\'l' mu st accept th at the matter \d1ich an i nd iv iuc.la l studies, helps to d ct c rmiut wh at h<: can gct in the fulurc. \\'lwt :t ch i ld :•s well as what a nr an knnw -; d ctc n nines whut he is int cn:s lt•d in We often h t·nr pcop l<: cal led sel fi sh b e..:: rusc th t:y wnnt to talk of intcre :-.ts tl w111. :\1ay it IJ(Jl bc tha t thcy h an· th ought along that. line.: so long that lh c:y e:-u1nc\t s ec anythin g i11 an <;thc l·linc? :\lny it not !,(• a me nt:tl rlcfc;rmity in stc:u l of a fault Clf tht· !Jr. O 'Shea suggests that ,·en·often a ialist '' lJccomes narrowcr ::nrl n arnHn:r c.:n:ry day of hi!- life "

If we accept th e ctmclusion nrh ·:ttJ<:c d hy that s tudy on :tn\' ht:lp s limit l' xcc:ll<.: ll cc along the: lim·. we musthecarefu J t.o furni <.;h outw:trd eonclitirms that the dl·vcloprncnlrnay he h c:a lthy round and full , fo t·gr o\\ t hi s in a <"cord wi t lr the ch[t r aetcr of the co11d it i 0 .:Vf n x i\ l ulkr sa id \\"<: s ho11ld treat th e sav; cge m ind as it is, not as we thi nk it ou«ht. to IJe ." \Vc sho uld tre at th c \\" Hv. It h as hc<: n s: ticl t hat th e: tc:ac ll lT who i.., cla ily Lmught in to co ntact with the minds of h er schoo l will qu ic kl y dcc.: idc thl kind of m c.: n Utlnou r·ish mc11t that s lr ou lei he her pupi <;. Thi s is n ot tnrc. hcnY<:v.: r. ·he. too ofttn, docs deci de quic kl y but Yct·y often dot·s n ot dec ide upo n the: right m:>lcr-ial . T jrnc ;. nd careful st ucly sh:nrl d b.: give n to lhe su bj ect Long befon.· th e.: ch il d ;1hie.: to r ea d he is greatly intere sted in the Goose Th csc:mc.:lrJclics not bee n n or c.:a n he s uecc s!>{ll llv imita lc cl Th e d l\' th m and at;ntct anrl ple ase the :\liss Peabody t<:lls of an intcres t in_g· c XJ2l' · rience with hct· lillie ni ece Ho 1·ac<.: :VJa n11 's d;lllghtcr. :\ 1 I 'ca horh·. rc pca ted '·l-ky · diddle rlidcllc.'' to thc .child. She (<tidy :'hric kcd with dc.:l ig.ht. She c:n l lcd for the "cnL and the ficlclle'' O\'c r· and O\"{' r ;rg<J in. The cow jump i'ng ove r· t he mo on ,,·;ts no mon· '-'t r nnge to h er iclc:n.; c,f f:-tc l thtt tl the.:

iu tit\· :.ir· ,,· :n·. tht· tin•l timl o.,ht· ..,a\\ :1 wiut ·r· -..tonu. Tlw llii.Tt·y mt•n nin gft:..,.., ji11glt· wa.., ju-..t wh:rt -.h1.• lnrngcn:d fc11· :rnd thu._ urdft..,.., ckli;..drt. 1.·:trll l' to the l! ttk hc:•l"l

J.'qJlr ,wing .\I otlttT ( '"l' we.: lind lht• chi ld is :rttr·: tl'Lt·d l1y lillk n f:rcl ion wi th :rnim;tl .., for· llr t· c h:tr ·:t\'tt· r·s. A11y !111i m: rl lht· t·hild nr :r ,. Ire i nlr orl uccd. ( "su:dly it i d t· irvd tlr:tl the bt· cndo wt·d wi th "'Jlt·n·lt :t n•l hum:llt m ot in•::

A moth u·. \'. lr o-1.· littk son w;rs :tl :tiH•t rt te lling tr u th. se nt hi m to w;r,..Jr Jri .., h:llr cls he fon: t...- llin g him sotl t<.: sl< n·i.. \\' ht·n ht· r·cttu·nc.:d she ::s l<t·d if he tonk th e.: so: tp ont of the w:ttcr. Jl c he.: had. Th e.: mo the r· n ot su !:;pet·ting it lo J,c :11 1 h: tp pc.: n cd to se lect :1 story that lou ch c.: d on the of : r11inr a l. \Vh c.: n she finished Ire sa i d, ' 1 guctlr I' ll go : tr rd t.lr l' e a bo u t. th at tf i<Hl Jl · '

Th t· ins ti11 ct iv c li t(: is at first pr ed orninan l in lh t· t·h il cl. !lis li r·s t. duty ns well cts r·igh t. i.., lo gc.: t lti111 :-: c.: lf phys ica lly inl o h; rnno_ny wiLi r his env ic·oun w nl. · Th erl' st ill r·c nr ai ns th 1.· lid rl of c ul tu re, a nd wi thout an acqu : rilll <tncc with this no hu ma n h<.: in g ca n ;r tnrt· nr rt n or· woma n. Edu ca t ion ru ocl i fit·s a nd gu i des so th e child by of tire lt ight·r li fe . t· hil cl shoul rl undcr t; tn nd ;r;; ea rl y ns 1>o ss ihlc , li ra L lo,·e ; nrd sho ulrl ha ve 11 0 li m il. An o pp ort uni ty n owco ml' s for tcnc hi 11 g when the c hild begin s to hu nge r· for· th t: C:rir ·y tu l<: s anc1 myth s. Fairy tnle s an d myt hs an· not all hc.:l p ful. As f ar ns Lhc fancy is co nc et·ncd t li cy m uy s at isfy t. lw l cle s ir·e, lJu t m:111 y of them n• t' t·epul::- ivc.: and h: tr·n rful lo the aes th et ic n nrl mo ral tastes of' th e.: c hil cl In the u sc of Lh is li L·r·a t. u n· e:rt·e should be t:xl.' r cis("( 1. Tlr t: poi n L is :-i lll ply thj s; c hi I d nn tu r l' rk· nr ands fa ncifu l a nd o ur · d ut y is to supp ly th at ck ma n c1 in a w ny th nte lc.: ,·ntes th e chi ld. I ha ,.e a fr·it·ncl \\'ho is the mo l ht·t· of Lhn·c IJr·ight. <H:lin' nutur :d ch i ldren Slw \\ "l'it t:s llH.' r can S( l \" po!>i -

tha t a ll thn.•t· oft he111 de ma n cicd th ed t mcnts nf ficti on in wh at th t.•y rend , e!< pccial ly when they fi n..: t hega n to se k·ct their own r ea din g. In sp it e of my o•·iginal th eo ry th at ch il d• ·cn did n ot n ee d fn in· lrdcs, ; til of the t·hild• ·en ha \'C in sisted n·acl ing them. She s ay s she nc\'cr t oo k a \"Oium t· off'a i•·y trtl es hom t·. but the old est ch il d w as gi Yc n on e. nnd she adds . ".\11 of the c hil dn:n st·c mc cl enjoy it so mu ch th at l s ubmittt·d to whnt I com:l urk d wn s the in e,·it a bh: a nd kt th e h oo k It has been almost read to pi eces ."

J\11r. Fiske s aY S he kn ew a fo ur- \'ca •·-old boY who s ho wed l1 is n at u• ·al for th.c fanciful by " th e sn owy at noo nd ay we •·c the w hi te ··obes of the ang els hun g o ut to ch ·y.'' Hi s ow n Iittlc lh1 ug ht cr qu es ti oned him as to ho \\' nne co uld fi nd Go d: wh et her he \\' o uld go in a ballo on 0 1· go to the s un •·iscand then climb up the sk y. 1\llr s. Cone s::n·ss hch as fo und, th at nc.x t to anim a ls w ith speec h a nd human mo ti ves, co m es the fa iry as a claimant up on th e c hild fan cy - th e· fa iry of the gen uin e fa ir y talc. w hi ch, lik e a ll folkt al es a nd ballad s. li ves by tJ·adi tion a nd has its g ro und - wo rk in hi sto•·y. In Oa k P ark , II I. , in the c it y libnu·y, the y have a e hil d•·cn's r oo m. The li br a1·inn sa ys th ey ll CV CI' get fai1·y ta les enough. vV c be \·c•·y ca re fu l not to give an ove•· s uppl y of such litera t ure a nd be in dan.ge t· of t hu s cr eat in g an a bn or mal a pp et ite fo•· it.

Love for the aesth et ic is on e of th e fi1·st po wer s to at tJ·ae t at tention. Th e fa ct th at the te nd en cy is th ere ·is e nou gh to sh ow that it is one of the e sse nti al •·oo ts hy m ea ns of w hi ch the c hild n at u• ·c r eec iy cs nou ri s hm e nt n ec rl ed for it s h ea lth y, vigorous a nd p er fect gr ow th En dy hi st o•·yand ca dy li te r at ure prov e to us th at the sense of the b eaut iful in n at ure a nd cha•·actc •· wakens into vig orous act iv it y OJ· d evelops befo re man b egi ns to con cc r·n him s el f about the m atc •·ial wea lth la id up in Nature's s to rehou se . Th e yo ung child crows with th e gr ea test delig ht at the b ea u ty of

the brig ht m oo n in the da rk sk y, and gazes wi th te nd er l ove at the da ndeli on a .it nestles in the soft gr een g ra ss. Thi s c ady dc,·cl o pm c nt of the aes th etic te nde nc ies mu st he a pa rt of God's plnn , fo•· by m ea ns of it, as soo n as the c hi ld kn ows of God, he is nb le to see at once th e bc:111 ty of goo cln c,s in hi s cha racter, a nd at on ce there arises em otions of admirati on, loYc, joy ::111d reYeJ·encc. If a c hild is ·•a tho ug ht of God," how bea ut iful 1s th :t t. though t! in spea kin g of the inAu encc of the Bibl e, s ay s. "1 co un t it ,·cry co n fi d ently the most p rec ious a nd, on th e wh o le , the most es se ntial pa rt of a ll my edu ca · tion. ' P •·oebcl says, ·'We do not gi ve ea rl y boy h oo d enough credi t for religio us powc•· as well as for men ta l power ge nera lly F 01· thi s r ea son in late r bo yh oo d. life a nd so ul are e mp ty. so wh o lly with o ut expc r; cn ce, an d. ther efo r e, so ca ll ous a nd du ll in reference to s pi r itua l, ethi ca l, a nd •·eli gio us n ot ions .'' Aga in he says "Boys ha,·e th e ir a ttcntio ne a llcrl at an e arl y pet;od, to a g reat mumbc rof extern a lm a tters, and r ece ive in s tru c ti on co n ce rnin g th ese t hin gs w hich th ey can n ot und ersta nd s impl y b cca ns <' they are ext rane ou s. At the same ti me they are left unin s tr uc ted conce rnin g so man y in ne r thin gs which th ey mi ght und er s ta n d, b eca use th ese m at ters a rc w ithin them ."

Th e fi eld o flit era ture wh e re im agi na tion a nd scien ce go h:1ncl in ha nd is ye•·y s ni ta bl e forc hildren: Th e f ac ts of na ture . t he Ao v.-ers, the a nim als,the changes of sea sons. the re pro du ction o flife. the s un , m oon a nd stars, a nd the thought of Go d as the Mak, ' er and Co ntro ll er of all, have a gr ea t fascin at ion fot· th ec hil d. Such li te ra tu re as we fin rl in the wri t in gs of Jo hn B urroughs, O li ve Th o rn e M ill er or Th oreau opens the h ea rt and lift s up th e s oul to the M ak er of a ll t hin g s.

The c hild ha s fl soc ial n at u re. Th e n ecess ity of havi ng r egar d for the rights of ot her s, a hiliLy to ad apt on e' s self to co ndi-

ti ons a nd " the ne cc ss i tics of t.he suggest materi al will supply foorl. As th e c hi ld assoc iates with ol hct· ch i ldn:n he a pp r eeia te s the r ea lis ti c sto ry. The rea l g oo d th at lies in them is the inspir :tl i<Jn th ey gi ve to a pa rticulat· prin c ip ll· of conduc t. He th ere m eets child n: n like hitn!-.t·lf, a nd soo n lea rn s b et ter thn n h l'furl·, th at he is not the cc n tc t· of ni l th i mg!'.

We o ft en make a mis tak e in th in kin g 1 hat lesso ns on mor nl qu est ions a t·e the on ly ' ones suited to mo ra l gt·uwlh T hi s is nr>t t ru e. If it we n: we wo uld fi nd histo ri ans , l awye r s, and politicians more di stin gu is hed for morality than the sc ientis t. , th e fa rm er or the merc han t. Ou t· : tt·e our kin gs, b ut our id ea ls arc n ot alw :t vs th e b es t th at cou ld be m ade from thl· we h ave rece i ved fr om our rea di ng.

Now let us cons id er, fo,· a li ll ie time, what the pupil s c ho ice of rea ding is as •·<:ported by Mr Wi ssl er. In he bega n an i' n vcs tigation along th e i iu c of in tc 1·cst of child,·en in the ir r eadin g. He sent o ut questions to s eve ral city in In di ana a nd r ecei ve d answcn; ft ·om n cn t·ly 2000 c hil dren. India na us es a sta te serie s of r eaders so the pnp il s uf any given g ra de had th e sa me less on s. Th e answers ca nn ot he sa id to he th <.: ,·esul t of the in flu ence of t he t ea ch ct· beca i.1sc s eve ral differe nt r oo ms of the sa me gra de we re tested, The pu pi ls were as ked to w ri te th e s ubject s of a ll the less on s they rem em ber cd fr om the ye ar before. In the Seco nd R ea der the on ly o ne s not t·eca ll ed by so me one was Al ice Cary's "Pretiy is That Pr et ty Does ." In th e Thi rd Reader such le ss ons as "C oll ecti on s of o ld Pr o vei'IJs ,'' "Nloral L esso n s, " and Pic ture L esso ns'' we re no t r ecalle d. The long sto ries ._.,,e,-e ge nend ly well rem em be red H s well as the fir st story in th e bo o k. M ost of the stod es t ru e to th e child 's ex pet·ience w <.:n.: t·emcm be red· and the more li fe-lik e the be tt er remem be re d. The b oys a nd girls reme mb ered ab o ut the sa me thin gs only the g ir ls re me mb ered mo re than the b oy s. Jud g in g ft·om the

charn<:ll:t· f>f thl· l<:o...o...ons n :m <.:mhL·rcd, fnir_y

t.al<:s nf t·x pc: r ic:n ces of pa-

t ri rJti:-.m. of hl·,·oi,...m . hi !' Lori<.::d and w r·iting, :rn d fi <:t ion. :d l touc h n n •s pon si n: dr on l s 111 t· h ild n a lll rc in nil gt·ad cs.

In th l· intl· t·nll'diatl' grn cl c,.; th <: pt·<:lcrcnce for po et r·y 111 n de :r 11 1: rt· k cd n d ,. ::tn cc. 11 ere

E \':r n g<:l in <: and SnO\\' Bou nd \\'t• n· amo ng the JHil' lll !'. I I L· founu th e i n-

t<:rc sl in \'Ct ·sc h L·g:tn in Lh e rhy lh 111 nnd p:t ss <:rl CJ\·er· in to S l'lll i t11 l' I1 L <t nd th ough t.

In g i\'i ng tlrt ir· pt ·l·fct·c: n l·cs a nd r cns o ns fon.; m:lt pn: f<.T <.: n <:<:s. th <:y !' h owc d ll wl th ey

tric:d to gi, ·t· :r pr ·opcr· fot· ma ny g:t v<: a "d es it-<: fo t· knn\\'lc d g<:' ' as t ir e lea ding f:r dn t· i11 mak ing th <: choice. I Ofo..'TCl' wi t. h th e :t 11 LI 1o r that the r ccn ll cd lll (JI'<: accu ra tdy the tr ue prcfl' l'em:c of th e c hi ld .

\V h <: n ;t !:i k <: d if they \\ 'C t'C ta ken to a bo ok

!'i to rc· a nd to ld that th ey mi ght buy one b oo k, \\' lt al it won ld be, 24-6 cl i Acrent books we t·e nam e d. The 89 0 b oy s ruu ncd 17 5 diHC.:t·<: nt h oo ks, while t lt e 1 060 g irl s nam ed o nl y 15 7. Mr. Wi ss ler t hi nl<s this sh ow s th e g1·ea ter individua lit y of the b oy . Th at may he tr ue and it rn ay not; a n umbc t· of f ac to rs may h ave e nt er ed in to th e choice. He al so be li e ve s th at g irls as a rule a1·c more ea s il y i n-Aucn ee9 by ten che,·, f1 ·icnd s, and li te rature. Amo ng these bo ok s ,., e fi nd exee ll en t one s. Lo ng fell ow' s Poe ms we n: cho se n by 11 pe t· cent. of the girls and 8 pc1· ce nt. of th<: bo ys; Robin so n Cru s oe wa s ch os en by 7 per ce nt . of the g id s and 12 peT ce nt. of the b oys.

In t hi s quit e a cl iffcren cc is fo un d between bo ys and gi rl s in the upper g 1·ad es. Th e t as t e- f or fi ction g ,- adua ll y dl'cli ned with adv a nc ement in age, th ere bci ng l itt le d iffere ncc betw ee n the s ex cl" I 11 po ct t·y the i nte r es t i nc reas ed, t he girls l ea di ng as I ha ve sai d, bnt the bo ys leA d in biogt·aphy. Tr a ve l pure and si mp le wn s not at tract i ve. Th e bo ys l ea d in histo ry bl1 t the g irl s fo ll ow in li n es s tn:111 ge t hi ng is that the gr ea t es t i nt er-

est. rn hi !-:to r·y sho \\'n h,· fo ur·th rea der pupils :.\lay this n ot he l.'xpln in l.'d by the: kind of ,,·or·k in thnl subject th:u is rcquircd of thl.· gnt cles nh u, ·c d tnl? In tltl.' uppe r· g ra des tlu: bo ys chose mo rl.' ::tth·enlun: a nd thc li k c. \\'hill' LltL' g-id s \\' ere marl.' inte r·cstcd in th<.: t·rn ot io nal and dome s tic s id es of lif<.:. 1s it nat un: o r· u·a inin g t. h nt ca uses t hi s di fli.: n:111.:c. \\' e all kno \\' sor nc.:\\'hn t of the ch ildho od cxper·i<·nccs of P t·an c<.:s I lo dgso n Burnett as r·cco•·clecl in '' Th e Om: I Kn l.'w Best of All. " ·he.: tells us th nt li tcntlur·e in the.: fo rm of sto n·. t'Otn:l. n cc , tra o-ed.)· and ad- 0 ' vent ure qui ck <.: n t: d her i rn n gi n al ion ond thus made her· do ll s be co me ch anrc ters of th e ck epest in ten :st to he .-. Th <.: rla y she fou nd the m agazin es, and. in the sto ri es t ht:rc, fo und sh ort se n te n ces or· "ta lkin g' ' as she ca ll ed it, wa s one of the h app ies t day s of her life. Hi story up to the Geo r-ges intere ste d h er, but t he r·om ance se cmecl to fad e. She hun ge red fo r· so m et hin g. If you wi ll r·cacl her ch ap t er on Th e Scc r·ctaire you \\'ill see t hat she d<· vo ure cl fi ct ion l ik e a h alf-starved pers on wou ld devo ur the s weetest meat s. She says ," Hcrc hee l' s gr·cw h ot ter a nd hotter·; s he r ea d fast a nd fur iously. She for·got that she w as perch ed on the led ge, :111 rl

t.h nt her legs dangled a nd that she mi ght f:tll. he w as perched in Pa r·ad isc." The su ppe r bell ra ng but she hea rd it n ot. If !'he had n ot found t he se sto ries that satisfied her in tense longi ng it is more than that we \\' Ould ha \'e h ad her· beaut if ul stories.

\\"h encYcr ch ilcln n ture ca ll s for any s pecin! kind of men ta l foo d, then is tht: time to a-i,·c it and it is a >: in aga inst 'God as \Yell as aga in st the chi ld, if we refu se or neglect to pr·oyid e that foo d. A tend en cy in a ma.)· be seriouslv d\varfed bY with- J hold in g the lit e rature :-rppropr;atc to that st age of t. The ta stes nnd des ires chnnge as yt ar pass nnd so the life is not and n c,·er ca n be wh at it ought to ha ve bee n.

The li fe and editcation of th e c hild is a sacre d tnrst pla ced in o ur· hand s. The few sh ort y ca t·s of ch il dhood sh ou ld be fi ll ed wit h.h appiness for after a few yea rs come th<' work and ca res of th is life. Carlyl e snys, ''Th e own find s he can do wit ho ut h app in ess, for in stea d thc 1·c he finds blessedness ." Th ose w ho h ave' the traini ng of the chi ldren in the ir ba ud s sho ul d e nd eaYor to brin g int o the life of the child th at true ha ppittc ss th at shall bea r th e frui t of blessed n ess in futur e years.

In words, as fashi ons, the sa me rule wi ll ho ld ; A li ke fa ntn s tic if too new or old: Be not the fir st by '<vh om the new arc tr ied, No r yet th e l ast to Jay the old asid e. -Pop e.

GLIMPSES OF THE STATE NORMAL, '90-9 l.

HSURELY thr! hill to kn ow lc:d g c: is vc ry ha rd to climb ." The lr u th nf this max im was d ee pl y impresse d on th e m in ds of the s tud e nt s in the e nr ly nin et ic: s; as they sl ow ly a nd ca refu ll y picl<c d th e ir \\"<IY for th e first tim e up th c: c:m lwn km c nt o\·t.:r th e l oo se boanls and tottering sc:cl ions 'Jf sid e wa lk, th at led fr om th c: depot to th e State No rm al Sc h oo l. Nc,.,- Mr. H aw l<ins' reside n ce th e e mbnnkm c:nt suclclc nl y te rmin ate d, a nd th e d c: s ce nt wa s ma ck by m ea ns of s tep s cut int o the earth.

The heights s ca led a nd th c: )ZFH;nt lcl run , very pl easa nt wa s th e s tu dent life w ithin th e wa ll s.

Th e c oziest co mer on a w in l1·y aftc rn oon wa s the o ld li br ary w hi ch wa s th en l oc< t ted in the b ase ment of the sch oo l buildin g.

An interes tin g f acto r of t hat li bra ry was the st r ange student s to be fo und there. They were of a win g ed sp eci es, a ncl c ongreg ated in lar ge numb ers on the deep w ind ow s ill s, on th e h oo k shelves, and

c:n:n in s id e of th e: h ooks . lL is n ot li kely th at th t: sl· lnt gs g: tth C: tl'd t here fr om any gt·t::t l th i1·st fo1 · kno wled ge but s imp ly to enjo y th t: w nr m tlt and co mfo rt , and as Lh t:y oiH.: y c:cl Lhl· of the librar y 1)\· kct:pin g pcd l: ct ly q utet , we wo ulcl si 111 pi y p 11 s h t h c: nt fn )111 ou 1· clw irs on dt al'c th em f1 om <•111 · h oo ks a nd let them pu i'S LI C th c: i1 · unm o le ste d.

I> on nilo1·y l it(: w:t s qu it e..: different then fr·u m what it is ll U\ \ ". Tlt c g- id s h ad their ow n wn nd pi lc: s, w hi ch q ui te cl ose a tt cn ti () n; <tft cr it wa s sa w ed and conlcd th e g id s ph ys ica l c ul ture l;y ca 1Ty in g- it up sc vcml !li g ht s of stn irs to thc i1 · ,-no m s.

Plen s:tn t. how eve r, :ts th ese co ndi tions nt·e to think ab ou t, yet th e fo rm er stude nt s an: altnti s ti c e nough to rej oice O\·er th e goo d fo t·tunc of th ose wh o are now enj o yin g a ll the co mfot·ts th at are to be det·ivcd ft·om t he lat es t of modern impr ov em e nts nt out· goo cl old State No rma l.

Tru e w ort h is in be ing , n ot sc cmin g ,In do in g each clay t hat g-o es by So me li t tl e goo d-n ot in th e dre aming Of gr eat thin gs to do by a nd by. Fo r wh atever men say in blindn ess, And sp i te of the fa ncie s of yo ut h, Th ere 's not hin g so kin gly as kindn c:ss, t\. nd n ot hin g so 1·oya l as truth.

-A li ce Ca ry .

INTERES TING THE CI-llLD.

/:1 · I l"il/ium Stcn:n,;un

( Th e foli o,\' in ;.: p:ap ct' \\'

of 'The ,,· r ill. r·

1 1\:TER EST lh c m c: tn s by wh ich lhc mind is led oul low :tnl nny object.. <tnd if ce t·la inh· nne of lh 4..· most tmporlant in ce ntiv es in :H: quit ing kn owle dge. The ch il d is th rtt whic h d ocs not him, and fat· a ,; he i · conCl'rn <.·cl il mi g lt t as wL·Il n ol exi st . Interest cn tTi l'S_,vith it m on: thn n mere attenti on. ln lcn.:sl is fo ll ow ed by atte ntion, h ut :1 llo.:n tion is n ot :1 l wny s fo llow<: cl hv i nl et-est. ln tctTst rca lh· co m (: S from wilhin. Th e ch ild is nul so i nteres ted in 1 he t hin g he as he is in th e id ea wh ic h he is lt·y ing to r ea li ze. Hi s inter c!' t dr >cs n ot co me itTegu la rly , hut work s qnio.:tly a nd co ns ta ntl y. \V e m ny ta lk a gn: :t l de al :tllOut crcatin g :nt in tct·est in thc mind, but th an ks to }J ro,·id c nec we ntT 11ot L': tlk d u po n to pcrfon11 n ll imp os:"i ble ta sk. A ll that ha s <:ve t· b ee n lTea t ed hn :; been done by the gr eat Crc ato t· him se lf. The intc t·est is thet·c a nrl it is o ut · t as k -n nrl n ot an ea sy one- to rouse and dir·c4..·t it.

The c hild is n ot intc t·cs tc d in w hi eh he kn ows ll ot hin g abo ut He m ay he int e n·stc cl ill an English word, and yet if it we re lr·nnsl a1.cr1 in to so me un kn ow n langu age, it wo uld l ose a ll it s in t erest for· him H we wish to at·ousc th e ch ild 's inte rt st, mueh dep e nd s up on the w ay the su bjtc:t is pt·csen t ed. A s plcnd icl ill u !' t ration of this, an d one we ll wort h n :o mc mb ct·ing hy ev ery t cnchcr, is gi, ·en by Dexte r· & Car li ck 's text -h oo k in P syc hol ogy. It !' ny s, " If we wish lo tea ch the fact th at ai r· up wnr d, the n· at·e tw o ways of cl oing i t. Fin:;t, we te ll the cl ass the fact a nrl the n pn'"l cee d to ill ust•·n. te. Seco nd, we t:H n com m ence hy fi llin g a tumb ler \.vit h wate r·, pu t a on top nn d inn rt th e lumh lcr and ea rd. The c hi ld wi ll b e-

co me c uriou s ro know w hY the w:tll't· d ocs not run ou t. and wi I b eco me in te r cst L·d at on ce. The firs t will n•·ouse no in te rest, but mrh cr· :"tiAe i t. The sec ond. w ill his c Ln ·ios i ty n nd in tc r est wi ll n ot be long in fo ll o wing. There is quite n cmn n rn n heli t• f t h:t t any s ubj ect ca n be tn:t c-lc in tct·esting- if the tenc her o nl y kn ow!' th4..' se ·ret: and if th ere is any lac k of in tc rC:'t in th e cla ss . it is n!l th e t cac het··s fault . Th ere mny bt a gr ea t deal of tr ut h in thi s, uut it will not do to place tno mu ch st r ess u pon it. Such a th em·y mu st cn n ·y with it t lw i1 lc n that a ll kn o wled ge is int er es ting. ;1110 C\-crytlting depends on the ma nner of pres<.·nt in g·. But di lfcn:• nt kind s of kno wledge su rely diffe r in th eir po wer t oawn kcn int l't-cs t in c hild n •n Th e mu st be. to some 4-'X ten t, int<-' t.t'!'t i n_g in i tse lf. Pmb n hly as mu ch depe nd s up on !'C'lcct ir1g the su bj ect m :t t tc r in . th e prese ntation of i t, nnd we mu st not fa ll int o th(• e rr o t· th at a ll d epen ds on lh c pre:'c n tnt ion. It is n ot n ecessary lo he ft·igh tc ne cl no •· 1.0 t hink John a f1·eak, whe n we di s eOvlT th:tt he is tt·yi ng to t·eacl wi th hi s bo ok up !'irk do wn. Let him al one , for he is It nwy lea n him to be a hc tl et· r ende r. Hc ''"ill st nt gg-lo.: wi th l' Yc ry ob sta ck • tn n·ad pr op er iy, in or dt·r th at he ma,· h cttt·r ncc o mpl is l: the diffi cu lt fea t oi· s ion.

If Lhc lei cou ld be made lo sec so m et hin g ah ea d m ore th an the s impl e rec i tatio n, it w ou ld hd a good in ce n ti v c, -a so n of gc n em l in te r es t. Thi s is we ll illn s trat e rl by a s tnry .J ohn wa s :t n o nli nanr sl ue-l ent, but su dden ly an d une xp ec tc cih· he s hn we d :t m:11·kc cl : tch·an cc mcnl in n t<lth e mali es :1nd cht•mistt·_v. On in ,Ts tiga ti on it was found th at h cw as con s tn 1etin g n lnrgc ba ll oon at hom e in hi s fat h er' s

hnrn. Th u!-= you "l'l' John had :t gt•nt·r:d interest. away \\it h •·y. lnll on h· to mnkl· It

Some han· s<.·ri rn ts ly objected t.o dtc.:· li·u: usc of inten.:st, s:ty in g that it lt-: tn:s 1111 r<Jom fnr duty. and tlw t it gi vt·s no l'it:llll'l' for t.hc training of lite wil l. 1\s to tla· lrr' 1 we mu st not think dul\· 1111intt:n.sti ng. a.n cl as t.o the seco nrl the -tlwon· "f in t•·r,est rloe!i not in any w:t v lHr!·pose tt> do

''" :tnt! t.:i' c.: i 1 -.nnJc.:· nH:: tniug. E't'l'_\'1 bing th:t t i-. i ntlT<',..,ting nnt IH:c.:'t-. :,;:trily pka'-:11n. Tht· ll.Toc.:·iou:-; :1ninwl "not pk:t-.:tttt, Inti rn: ry so n H·t iml.':-; he.: t·x

tn·nrc.:·ly l'k :t:- ttn: is not th\' 1111ly tl1ing ;, lt·:•ehc.:T It; ,,._ in mind \\'lll'll h i-. tryi ng to :1w:tkc.:·t1 inlt: l'l':<t. lit: ltltc.:·r·c.:· t tu indtH·c.:· the.: dtild to t:Xl'l'tiou.

THE OLD HEARTH STONE

u_ •. !'ro t. IJ. fl ll'orfct ·.

One.:· d r..:a111 qf llrat S\\'t·cl holll l' \\'t: J, •n ·d.

Th e glory ,r th e pa st-

One g li 111psc or •.: who llt adc it

A nd bcrtuty nnm cl it c ast:

\\'al<c mctn'•·y, fr o111 thy sti ll , c nlrn skq >,

And c all wi th g-t·nt lt:st to11c

On th ose whn once :1s l if e \\' CI'C cl cnr, Arou nd the o ld h <·a •·th s to ne.

II.

The\' ri se the form s thal c•·st we c la sped In a nd in pt·idc.

And '•·o und thnt s ht·i nc of yrntth !s lin:l \\' c gat her si de !Jy s id e.

We hc nr the bl ess in gs . vo\\' rtn d pt·aycr, Oft bt-cath cd fo 1· us a lon e,

At faiths's lo\\' alta r, humbl y I'C[u·cd Bes id e the old h ca r lh :>lone.

r1r.

\Vhat tho' in ft·icndship's sac •·cd hnnd Tn1c he arts be linked with o ut·s; Ancl one sweet fo nn around ou t· paLI1.

Ha th st r ew n lo\' c's d eat hless fl ow 'n<, :--Io t im e, no c hang-e of fonn o r· face, Th at aflc r y<·at·s h ave known , Can di m !.he li ght nffcclion s it e d, Around th e o ld hca •·lh stone.

Peru, :'\cbrask :l, January 10, 1 00().

Condllctt•d hy .f ..\1 Jlnn·ie. ur .1[:ll!JcmtH i cs, .\"c•hrnsk fl Stn£c: .\'fl rJIW I.

\HITII..\11-:TIC.

I. \\'hat i,., co-<t "' .-, .'':t nl:< ••t doth at !i _,;\ , yanl?

f. Solutio n h\· .\cndi:1 L.

Om:th:t ,

.,;•, hcing a ft·:tction doc:< n nt o cc upy n ckcimal place and i:-: th cn: fnn: equal to 1 00. (. ,;\,= .• ;'aX 100 1.

= () cents·+ I Oll I IHi ccnt:< = cost of one Y<tnl. If I yanl co :<t l (l{; n: nt:<. 0 will .J X 1 O(i cent>' nr .-,;>()cent:< o1· $3.30.

11. Sol n lio n If:\' L. A ncl cr :'u ii ,St' \\'nr rl , i':cht·n ska .,;•, =:!+ 00.

I 00 cc n ls =$1 ·. :j: .On.,;'a= $. tH"i t- Bl=$l.OG. "i yards (II $1 .0 11= $."i.:Hl

2. A m an who teds hi s d eat h ap pn>:teh bequ ea th s to hi s wile nm:-t hit·cl of his fort un e an ti the n:ma in in g two-t hi rds to his son , if such s hou ld be bu nt ; bul onc- hnlfofit to the widow and the othc t· half to hi s daughter, sh ou ld s uc h he bo rn. Af'to..: t· hi s tl cat h t win s nrc bo n 1, n son and a cl augh te l'. How s hnuld the fo t·tu ne 1>:: di,·ided lo satis(\· the wi l l?

So l ul ion hy E, E. L ncke t· Peru , :\ ch r <tska.

Th e pt·ohl cm stn.tes 'th at the wi fe should n:eei,•e hul one-ha lf the amllunt of the so n; J,. h at the daug-hte t- t·o..:eei,-cs the sntne as the wife

Th en the mt io is 2: 1:1.

·. the son r ece iv es one- ha lt', the wi fe and dnu g- h tc t· eac h on e- fout·lh of the p t·opc r ly.

\!li TIL\IET t C.

rT he Rom ttn of in h ci- i tnnce gnvc rise to ma ny nt·ith mctiea l proble m s. Sec Cnj ot·i's Hi sl ory of l\t[ nt.hc m at ics. png-c 7 9, for p t·o hkm s imil ar to the nhovc w hi ch wns d ecide d hy the ce le br ate d Romn n jtn ist, Sa l via nu s Ju lin uu s.- H .] FO R .'01.\'TIO:"'

:1. .\ clntg "ton· is wn rth -l- 'r less than a d ry goo t h: th e clt·y goods ;:tore 13 'c tn on: than a gn>cc.:ry ..;tqre. :t h nrd w:u·c.: :;tm·,· 10 '· lc,. s than tilL' ,l!rocery nne! 20 , less th an a :-:hoc :- tore. of the shoe has tra ded it till· dnt,l! >'lure. \\'h at is t he '( l oss or g-nin ?

-1-. ng-..:nt :<old my tlonr nt -1- 'r eomm is.-i,>n: i nc rea s ing the proccccl s by $-1-.20. I o rder..:d the purchase of wheat at :l 'c commi::.sion: nft l' l' whi ch, whcnt whole lo"s wn,; $.-.. \\'hat was the flnut· worth? (Hay':< :"\ .:\\· Tligh cr Ar i thmetic, page :!ll).) Soh·t' by n rith tnc tie.

.\l.GEBH.\

2. Pr·o JW:'<: cl hy E. E. L ocke t-, Peru, i\c-

Two cand l e;; nt·c an-nnged to burn -1- Hntl :> h our,; t·e,;pcetin:ly. l fbotb m·e l ighted at t he sa me ti m e, nfte r h ow nmny hn ut·s will on e he :3 tim es ns long ns the othet·?

c; EO;\! ETH Y.

:1. Thco r cll!. T he pcrp c ndieul :t fro!ll , he· nng-lcs upon the op pos i te sides of a td:tnt::lc an· the bi sectors of the nngle s of the hiangle fon ne cl h.r joiu ing: the feet of t.he pcrpl'ncliculars. (CiHI Il \·enct' s Gl·omctry, page 94.)

1. .\ lhn n 20 fl•et sqna rc StR nd s in nn op<·n fi e ld. A h orse is tct. h crcd at a co rn er of the barn wi th a rO[ lC .)0 feet long·. Q,·er wh atn r ca cnn the hm·sc grnzc ?

Solutions of l lt csc shOtdd be to .J. l\'1. ll o\\' ie not l ater lh nn l\lnrch 1st.

ST ATE NO RM AL THE SCHO OL MESSENGER·&

v v v

A Mnxazlne devoted lo I he inleresis nil he SJntc Normal & t.ool of

Puhlis h cr/ IJy the F nnr/ty r,n t lu: lil i ccnt h , .t the: mont h.

]. A. BEATTJE, Editor .

J. D. Bishop, B usin ess Manager .

E nt er t:rl t it tile: f JCJB L tJfflct..• 1ll l' cr u, .\"ciJrn.,Jrd, St:CO IJrf- Cfl lSS 111/li/ niJILL er.

Terms, .50 cen ts u yen r.

The State Tc<t chc•·s' Assoc i nti<m. as <111 our rend ers kn ow, h el d it !; sc·ssi on at L incoln, Decem b er 26 to 29 ·. Th e n .: con l is made a nd the fu ture w ill tci l how niu t· h the gathe rin g h as do ne fo 1· tht.: l' ciiiCHticHwl inttTes ts of Neb r aska. Wh i le: dilkt·enl perso ns wi ll fo rm their fn>m differe nt po int s of view and will pronoun ce up on it as it has i mp •·e!' s cd them, it is s< dlto s :ty th at the hi s torian t<: n o 1· twenty yean: hen ce wi ll s peak of it as o ne.: or t ht.: b es t·. It wa s a matt er of regr\.'l on th e par t a ll t hat the c·nrol l ment d id noL the 1000 ma d which had hl' \.' 11 se t ro.· it. Hu t on th e •)the J· hand it is n mutt er fnr congratu lat i on t hat so l<trge n numl> c1· c am e und{' r it s in fi u t.: nc t.: nn cl c nj uyu l it s benefit s. It is no sma ll tn sn v for t he earne s tn ess. ent hu sias m, rtnd intelligen ce of the of that OJc e o ut of every tw ch·e was in the fo t· 1 89H In acl cl i t.i on to the actua l cn ro iimen t as s hown bv t hcn.:ct_·ip ts g in;n hy trc asu1·cr, wc 1·e no c:loubt frn m JOO to 200 in the c it y w ho di(lno t uwoll. S 1 , 111 e of t lt c:sc n•> cln u ht lwrl good rea sons fo 1· nol c nr ui iin g :t nrl po ss ibly so me had not wh:1Lm:1y he enllc cl a gcJ!)cl Be t hi ;; as iL m:1y, w ithont qu estio n, :til were ri ghtly influt·n ee d,

hem:e IJt'llt'fittc.: d hv the ; l( ldn::;;; of of Lla· .... nt·i:Jt io n. Pr·of. F nrrly1.'t.' . the nf 1>.-. nf Clevclnnd.

Ohi o, .\ I ,. of the Cin c innati enquirer , ;11HI of the Col nr :Hio :\onn:tl a ucl hy the ot her ndcln·ssts ;11u l p ot ptTS nf th e :t:;s oc intion

The n cldn ·sst·:- :t nd p :tp tT s elf th e per,;o ns invited fr·11m ot her· 01 11d tho se of our o·wu wt·r·e th·•t : tn y onc ought to as k sc 1 f:1 1· l \\Ti tc 1· he nr ·d them This d oc._ n otnw:tn th:tt :t n yc 11te c> tt g ht to nc<.e pt <:\T ry thing :-ot i rl ot· th:tt he co uld pla c.:e in t'rlll<.: :ttion: tl th eory : tnd practice en:r·y JII 'OJH>s itio n otncl ;; n y: "Th:tt is I th in k : tt HI t ha t is w h: tl I do." N. or ag:tin. co uld : til s :ty tlt:t t th ey h:td le: t.-n cd s omet hin g th ey dicl uot kn ow hefo r·c frn m evc t·y p:q >tT ot· a dd t·css they h l.':t rd It wo ulcl he S lii'Jll·is in g if we wen· n ot !J en l'fittecl in m:tny wn ys ancl in m;tny thin gs besi cks by t he t. hin gs w <: len ni fn t· the fir st ti1nc. Th e ach· ant agcs to cnnte tn ti S nr-:

IJ ·o t tl diff<.:t-c nl nug lc s :tnd : along· ditl'ere nt lin cs Asscw ia ti ons of this ki ncl an.: vnrieci in their he lp mu lti fonn in thci 1· in tluenc t·s.

Jl<ljl l'l' 01" an nd dr·ess CO\I ISCS ltlC l ll 11<1 \T :1 new th ought of 111 )' ow n, to sec :t diffc.: •·e nl app l ic o.t tion of s ome pr·in c ipk :tln:nch· known to n.: og ui ze sn me · co lllll'l'ti on o1· r cl<ttion n ol sc·en bc l oi·e. o •· l 11111 !Jy it. in s pin: rl to :1 ! Jett e•· l ife , to :1 amb iti o n, to JJ ur c t· thouo·ht <tnd to tru er ..., conception s of' duty nnd it is worthy of my t ime and a ttcn tion :111cl I ha \ 'C in th at be en achan cc d. It in th ese di rect ions th at tcachcn;' ga therin g;; arc hel pful and th n, ugh th eir ngc n cy we en ln r·gc o 11 1· h or·izo n, ren ew onr acq n nrnta n cc a nd st iTn gt hcn 0111 · bo nd s nf fellows hip.

[ f' we ar·e mncl c hv th ese gntiH ..-ings tn t hink mot·e of o ur tl- ll nw·\\'clt·kers. to :tp · pr·ec iatc m or c ful ly the cht u·nct c•· of nur asso ci ntcs to sec mo1T cl u 1J"iy th e mc nnin gofccl u ca ti on. the place of in s tnr ct ion. tlw COIIStancy of inHu encc , th t• of

home u·aining :a nd to di sc iplin e. and to 111 orc ncc ut·n tcly th<: J'l::l ( \\'O l· th of H ll ' ll l' 111:111 0 1' \\'0111:111

highe st :ami 1i Li on to g uid e- 1·igh t ly a nd wise ly thc fe l'l of dJildho od a nd yout h in the path\\·ay nf knP\\' Ie dgc :\11(( of right-

Llu.: n they : ••·c \\' Orth n il t hey in li mL·. ctrn n :t nd n u1ne'·· \\'hilc it i::: tr ue th at <.'\ 'l·r·ythi ng : and e:tn be itnpr o,·ecl. the of Th <.· .\Jcs!'c n gc t· is thn t the 111 cl'l i11 g of 1, 99 w n>: goo d- \\' C>I"lhy of \\' ho pl a nm·d it a nd an ins pit·ati.. n tn th o:::c \\' hO too k p: 11·t in i l.

Or ga nic E duca tion.

II i\tlnnua/ fo r 'Tcnc h crs in Pr imnrT nnrl

Grumrn;t r Crades, hy Ifrtrr ict Scott Gert r ude: Uuch: Pub lish ed bt· D. C. 1/c:nt !J & Cu.

is one of th e' ,·olt11 ncs wh ic h hel p::: to ma ke Hcnth' s Pcclngo gical Libt·ru·y. The n dum c h as fo r it s purpo se a •·cpot·t of wo d .; :tct ua ll y do n e, plans ddi ni tcly fon necl a nd ca rri ed i nto effect and the J11'inciplc s by wh ich the tca<.·hct·s 11rc g uiclccl in one of the wanl b ui ldin gs of Dctt ·oit, iVli chigan Th c th co•·y of the \\'o rk is given in six ch apte rs as fo ll ows:The Gc n cs is of the System; Fu nda me ntal Princip les; The Ot·gani c C uni c nlu m: The Sl'q ucn cc- .M ct h o rl ; Spec ial A pp licn Li ons of th e St: q uc n cc ; Mct hod; a nd The l- o rma l S tep s. The seco nd p a•·t of the b oo k is. a repo •·t of the pr act ica l app li cat io 11 of the prin c iples un folded u nd er the for egoing eliTh e ge nna l p1·inci pl c may be stnterl th us: Chilcl r c'n h nvc cc 1·tain u Hb.lt·al in sti nc ts a nd nnd t hese arc rlcvcl o pcd at ce rta in sb1g·cs in th eir li ,·cs, a nd th ese s eem to be in lhc same 01·clcr in i ndi,·id ual li fe :1 s in the ci\' ili znt io n of thc r ace

Thi s hci ng Lhc pri nci pic , it is su pp ose d that as the G t·cck P<.Tind, t he R oma n P cTi· od, th l' Gc nnanie Pe t·i Pd, mad .; sU•gcs in

the hi sto t·y of ciYi (iz ation and $ tarld S for defin ite t hin g, in the t hc:::c su ggest the steps to take aud the m ntc t·ial to u se in the ed u cat ion of c hildren Thl· b oo k ns a whole, the thcory whi ch it wo rk s out a nd the wuy of app l yin g th e- t ho.: o t·y iu the sc ho ol t·oom ar e well \Y0rth en r cful :'ludy

The Ba ldwin Pri..-n er.

Pllblish crl by the .-1m t.: rican Book Co mpnn.•·. C llicn;;o.

E,:c,·y aut ItOr of a tcx t-hook con structs it acco r din g to hi s of \\·i1at cducat i on is a nd in harmo ny with the m <'ans he e mploy s. if he to.:nd tcs th e s ubject and wou ld h a\'e ot het·s u sc.

The writer thi nk i' th at the inte1·est of the c hil d is most impot·taul and th at it i,; one of thc chie f in hi s cd u ca tio n. Thi ,; has cau sc tl him to make u s< · of ma nv i ll ns. . tr at ion s and to u sc many of the p ri nc ipks w hi ch hn Ye been cle,·clopcd b_v wh at is ch i ld -s tml y.

The p riu c ip lcs of the kinderga r te n, :1,; t hese arc m ade us <..· of in j)H JX't· fol di ng. mo deling, st ick lay in g, ancl son gs. fom1 :t pa rt of the pla n. Gn:at car·c i:- in the o rd er 01· s tcp s of the wor k so th at om: t hin g lead s up n at u ra ll y lo ano th er. 'l' hc analytic and the sy nt het ic met h ods :tn.! u se d at the snme tim e.

The objccts cho se n <He tho se fam ili il r to c hild t·cn and t he pi ctt ••·es are dn ss ic The mec hn ui ca l \Yo rk i :- \\'el l do ne and the hook is in c,·ery wa y wort hy of thc pl ncc a nd and 1·a nk it see ks in thc >:c h oo l room.

They a rc w ho wi lln ol Ha tn;d, seo flln g, and abu se, Rath er t ha n in s ik ncc s ht·ink Fn)Jll th e tru th th ey n ee ds must t hin k: Th ey arc s laves who da re nol be In the dgh l with t wo or Lh rec.

- Ln\\'cl l.

1\ . :0. 1. St on e ..

9/o 17n al Scho ol

E\ 'E HI ·:TT. \' c \.

.. f>t·c. id c nt \'icc Pre"idcnt

Edi th Car·pcn Lo.: l'. I<c.:cnn lin g Secretary

Edi th :'- lo ;,t·s Co rrcs poncli n g- Sc.:crc la ry

An bur .J a mcs . .. . ......... . ... . .... . .... . .......... Trcas urc.·r .J. \\' . .1/i llcr

Co ra \\' il ,; or l. Cr·iti c S .\ 1 Oixhy Sc r gea nt-

V. Hnrt in - Lib rn rian

nre

Ednn .\ 1i lt on ..... ...... .. .Co r-re spo nd ing Sccr eta r·y CICEROXIAK.

Pear l Stc \' cnson ........ . ......... .. ..... ......... Trcasun:r·

J. \V . :'-1ilh.: r ........ .. ....... .. ....... .. Se r·gca n t-at-Ar lll s

Je s,; ic A. I l cn ni g . ...... .. ... ............. .. . .. . .... . .. .. Critic \\'m . E. Sh um an

E ,.; th cr· A. Cla l'l : .... ...........

.\ rl di e D. I>ea

c..: .•\. E ..H. Fit hi an

.... . l'r ·esid

Clan1 A. Ikan Re conl ing Secr et ary

C ora Hi ll. Co ncspon rl ing Sc.:cr·e tary

Trc as urer

Presiden t

Secrctnry Ed na i\•Ii tlo

normal Scheol fac ulty

.J . A. BEA 'IVI' IE , Presid c: ut, Et hi cs , Ed u cation and Ped agogy

J,JLLJ ,\ ;o-.; U. S 'l'O :-;"ER , .' Preceptr ess f. L. S 11 EL DO:-< , 11. s . ... .... ... .. ... ...... . .. .... .... .... . .... .. .... .. .. ... .. Natural Hi s t01·y

HERTlER'!' .n. s., Ph _v sical Sc ie nce

E. A. 'vV nrT ENAC K, A. 11., Ge rm an

J,utES F. 1-Iosic, .......... .. .. ... .. ....

...... . .. English Langn age and Li te r·ature

·i\L\ 'I'T fE Co oK ELLIS, Hi s to ry and Geogra ph y 1. ;vi. A. n., .\1a thcma tic s

·ESTH EH A. CLAR K. A. L atin L an gua ge and Li temt urc

AN ;o-.; E :VI. Gos H EN, Supcrin tcnd cnt of Tra in ing Depar·tm cn t

L. W. FI KE , A. M., P syc hology and Pedago gy

IVIARA L. F En c us o :::, Ar ithm etic n nd Algebra

N. Po nT EH, A. n ., English Lnngu a'gc ancl Liter·atnre

P EARL S. K EL LEY,

. Pr;mat·y a nd Critic Teach er

LOUISE \V. ME ARS, In te nn ccl iatc and C r; tic T eac he r

Lol: E.

Oc E A:-.1 DA rLv,

l-I EN HY H. n AG G, A. n. ,

K in dcrgarten and Critic T eac her·

R ea ding an rl El oc ut ion

.... nra wi ng and Painting

U r.A :\ 1. S A:-< DERS, Voc al Music

:VI. DAn ,;,

E t. vA E.

ln ;: tn lll H:n tal ?\ lusic

l,illl·:r rinn

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF T HE NINET EEN TH CENTURY

The fo ll ow in g hi s torical ta ken fr om The S o11th\\T:<l. w i'l l he of to our reader s.

1803-La nd (; rant hy Un i te d SUtt cs g•>\'C rtllll l' ll l fo 1· Ohill puhlit: :<l'hno l".

1 805-New Yor ], seco nd s tat e lo c;..tah li :- 1! :1 co mmo n :<t: hnnl f'tttHI.

18 06-Pirst C\'eni ng sc ho ol, Bri sto l. En glnnd.

1 80 9-0h io State Unin:t·sit \·.

1 809 -U niv ersi ty ot Be rlin fuuncl c rl \\'ith f'r cc rlom o f' t..:;tc ltitt g·.

18 14-No rw egian fit·!'- t inl <:rL' :< ts it se lf' in edut':t ti on.

1 815-Co mpul so ry educatio n in

1817-F it·st in s titu tion fo1· in ,t nt t: ti on in t lt t: l'niterl States.

1 82 0 -Sc h ool b ooks fumi she cl ft·c t· in l'hiln rldphi :t :-;c hool s.

1 824-Re n sse laer Pol ytech ni c ln stitut<: in Tt·uy. fin•t in tht: U ni ted SL: t tc,..

1 825 -Br ai ll e sys tem of pr inting f'ot· t h<: l>lincl.

1 82 6-Ft·oe bel's ''Education of M a 11 ':1 pp <:<tt'l'r l.

1833-U niver sa l ed u cat ion bw, Fran c l' .

1 833-First aid to schoo ls hy Br itish pn di ; tt ne n L

1 83 4-Common sc h oo ls in Ph il:t de lph i; t.

1 835-Se wing taught in B os ton

1 836-Mount Hol yo ke Co ll eg e.

18 37 -H omce Mann becomes sec r et ary of B onn! ofErlu ca ti Otl.

18 37-First sc h oo l (Jf desig n in En gl<l n·rl.

1 838 -First no rm al sch oo l in li n itcd St [t tcs, L ex in gt on,

1 840-First kind er gart en, n eat· H. ud olst aJ L.

1 840-Texthook in th e l' ni tc rl St n tc,..

18 42-Univ er sa l free ed u cation in Sw<::clc n.

184 8-E nt i rc B ibl e pt·in tc d for the bl ind

1 849 -Fit·st woma n to r ec<·i ve m cd ic: d rl cg t-cc .

1 853-A ntiocb C oll ege; co-e d u<.: a t inn.

1 857-Nat ional Te ac her s' ot·;.,;-n ni zc rl; rl ft c r\\' n nls

ucation al Associat io n.

18 (11 -Vassnr Co ll ege fo uncl erl

1 863-Fir st con kin g sch ool, London

l< 67-Dcpa 1·tmen t o f' Ecluc::tti Otl cs l ;th li s !J c cl in th e: U nit cd S ta te,-.,

1 'GH- Fi n ..; t. l: dH >r·a tor·y i i 11 m ec hn 1mpt: ria I T \:dtnical 'chno l,

1 7 0- l' ni on Co ll t.' ;.:!'l.' of L:1w. fin:t. wom:ln gr:t rlu :ne.

1 < 70 - Elc.: m o.: n lll':t Li on :t el Eng-In nd .

1 87 2- l' n i \'C' rsi ty l'X tc n sio n. Ca lll bridge . Engln nd .

1 7;!-1\:indcrgar·tl'llS in l' ni tcd Stall'S. nt St.

1 Chn u t: ru qua

18 7(1-?\ l: rnu al tm inin g sc h ool:;: Sweden.

187 8-U ni\' cn: it y nf Lo nd tm ad llli t.s women.

1 I D-l\ l: rnunl Ln1ining in St. Lo uis :;:c h oo ls.

1 0-Cooki ng t: 111gh t in R osto n publi c sc h <• nl:::

1 • 1- r:'irst Lrnrh:s sc h oo l:-: in L' ni tcci Statl'S. :1t. Yor k.

1 H2-Co mpuls or·y c du c:l t ion in Fr·an cc

Two Cla sses

Uy /.:,'1/n 11.1!cel cr 1\'i/c:ox.

There nrc lwo kinds of p eo pl e on en r·th t oda y, just two kind s nf p eop le, tHl r11 or·c. T say. :\ nt the s aint n nrl the s inn er, for· 'tis we ll undcr·st ou d

The goo d h:tlf bad, ::t ncl the h ad an: hn If goo d;

i\ ot the rich a nrl th e poor·, fnt· to cou nt n nt ::m' s wea lth

\'ou niust firs t know the st ate of hi s co n sc ien ce and heal th ; th e. hulllb le a nd pt·onrl , for in life' s littl e spn n

\\'h o pu ts on vain airs is n ot co unted a man; the ha pp y anrl s ad, fot· the sw ift flying ye:ws

Bring eac h rltan hi s la ught et·, and ea d1 rnan hi s tea r·s.

No! the t wo ki11d s of pe o pl e on ea rth T me:1n

Arc t he p eop le wh o lift and the p eople who lea n.

\Vhcrc'er you n-o vou will find the wo r-l cl' s ,.... -

Arc a lw ays div i ded in ju st th ese tw o classes;

And, o drlly enoug h, y ou will find , too, 1 wee n.

Th ere is on ly on!.' lift er· to tw enty who lean.

In wh ich class a t·e you? Are yo u eas ing the l oa d

Of oyertax cd l ifte r·s who to il cl ow n the t·ond?

() ,·arc you a lea net·, wh o lets ot h ers h ea r

Yo ur pnr·t ion of l abo r· ancl worry and ca r e?

We find the fol'owing in th e: .J :Ill ttary llltlllbCr or th e O hi o Ed u cat ionnl ;\•[o nthly

• l OH

The h aii rt·ccin:d a h<u·cl bl o\\' iu the 01·dcr iss u ed by the Sou th e rn Ra il\\' [ ty Sys tem in South Carolin a th e e mpl o ynwnt of :• ny o ne who sm o kl·s tobacco in thn t form. The ru ll' pt·o yi dcs thnt a ll who n ow c igarettes must r ith t· t· gin• them up or los<' the ir p osi tions, and th at in t he futun: no one wh o is a ciga r ette smo kct· wi ll be enga ge d by that corp o rat ion in a ny eapncity. Th e s up e rin te nd e nt h as beco me cnnvi nccd th at ha bitual cigarette smo ker s arc nn t ru st w ort h y, an d. ther efon·, the above !tamed a ction h as been taken. V\'c h ope th at the tim e wi ll soo n co me when bo ard s of e du ca ti on will tn ke s imiln t· act io n. a nd abso lu t el y refi.tse to e mp l oy . or retain in th cit· e mpl oy any tcnche r who is addic ted to the vile h ab it of <-: igarc tt l' smo kin g. Pe rh aps th e t im e m ny co m e. too. when co llege a uth o riti es will re fu se to h nvc in at te ncl an ce s tudent s wh ose who le physical a ud mental. to say no thing of m on:d vi go t· is bein g sap ped daily by the u sc of a cign. 1·· ettc. On ly po s itiv e a 11cl m eas ures wi ll eve r n\·a il in sta mping oul the nuisance, and it is h oped that the ac ti on of th e of the So uth ern Rni lwn_v System wi ll fu rni sh an exnm pl e to he fo ll owed by m any ot hers in anlhot-i t_v

The Folly of Litera lism.

Aftct· the bat tl e.: of S antin go th e ha nd pl aye d '' Th e Star-S pan gled H:tnn er" and '·There' ll be :t Jlot Tim e in lhc.: Old T o\\' n T o- ni gh t.'' Wh en th e in c: id c nl c.:: tm c.: IH tl in the Spa ni sh p: tp er s, il r ead: ",\nrl tlw band pht yc:cl ·The.: Fl ag- that 1 l ad St: st·:- in i t' a nd 'It Wi ll Be Vc t·y Warm in th e.: City Thi s E\·en in g'" Th e.: lator , hy a li tcra l renderin g h: ul in ca rr yi ng o ve r the cage.: hu t the bird ha d fl o vn.

Th er e.: a rc a gt·cat ma ny p eo ple.: of ;4ood inte nti ons who al ways in sist up on in t,·rprcting l itera ll y e veryt hing th ey read or· h ear. They jud ge a man :1cco r cling lo the.: li te ral m c.:anin g ,f th e.: wo rds he us es , :t nd n ot by wh at he e\·iclcnt ly i nte nd s his words to co n vey . Tlt cy h nvc.: an idc.:: t th nt n ot hin g is t ru e except the l itera ll y true.:. a nd th at the o nly figt u ·c.:s t ha t li e :11_·c.: th e figu t·es of sp eec h. Yet a li teral t·<·n <ler ing of wurrls, wh ethet· the wo rd s of a neighbor ot· th e Worcl of God. fa il u tte rl y to convey t he true me anin g. "The.: lc t tc.· •· kill et h.' L ove undc t·stands this. and l ove.: attaches litllc inportanc eto

It as ks not wh at th e lov ed one sa ys. but wh at he m eans. No fri e nd sh ip can tl1l'i \'c..: wh ere li tera li sm r eig n s. L ove can n ot a'way s und ers tand the li ps , a nd ther efo re it li stens at theclo orof the h e:ut. -Ri ch mo n'd C lwi stinn A(h- ocatc.

South America.

By

Franh G. Cclrpc n ter. puhlis lu:d In· the Am erica n Bouk Company.

This is a com pa ni on to th e ,-o ·ul1lc IJy l he sa me a nthot• and rublish c t· , entitled :.lo rt h Amer ica , a nd both h ::t vc t he ge ne nd name; Car p' nter s Rca deL

Th e b oo k can be u se d as a text in schoo l 01· it can he em ploye d as n s upplcm ent< try n•a r\ er. In cit b ct· case it full of inte r es t an d (Jf i nfo ,·malion fo r the ch il d

s t:agt· nf : tfh·:tnt·t·tt H· nt i:- adapted to it. lu it th e :- t• ,ry f• •nll till' m:a p ; 111d the piclure an.: t·oml,i nt ll. Tht· :t nthot · ha s seen du. ' l rtn ds c.: iti c.: :- pc.:o pk. f: H·tot ies mi ll s. mi m:c> : tn rl otht·t· thing :- ht· dt·s ,Tih es. The hook h :t s t·ight .\ tnt·ric: l.

"' l'a n:11 ll:t, Culnmlti:t. I \·nt ; nd B nli,·i:t Tit·t-r:t del Fnc.:gn \ q.,:-,·n t in: t awl Chile.·. ;and :•nd .\ 11 i dc.•; t l •f t ht· i lltl:n·:- t vh i Jci tTn \\'ill t :lkt..• in n·ad in_:! tht· i" indi en ted by lht• sn lt.it·t·t s. T he.: follo\\'i ng :t r L·gi , ·cn lh:tttht• m:a y fon tt ;a cot T lT L Fr om ;..:,.". \'ol'i • to l':an: ant :t: T h<: Ist hn 11t s or l' :t n :am:a, Th e Hc.: ptthlic of Cnlo mhi ::t: L nnrl of th e Equ:tt ot·; In L ima , C: tpi tal or l'c ru; (Jn li te 1-! oo f ur A \'isil lo :t Ch ilc.: :t n Fa nn: In the F rnit a nd Un .: ad Lan ds of So uth Am ericn: In th e.: L :an d of Co fl'c.:c : : tn rl the Diamon d :vt in cs.

T ht·sc len ; tt 'e f:t i I' s: tl11 pies nr l he otlwr th i ny-fo ttt · su h_jc cts \\'h ich help t: 1 make..' t hi s hoo k of :-{G O p: tgcs.

T lte fo 11 o \\' i ng w o nl ft·o 111 C it an ni ng a rc.· \\'o t·th co mmi tt ing to mem ot·y:

To li \'c..: eo n tc nt w ith sm: tll me an s; to SL't·k el ega n ce nt tlt c..: 1· th:t n lu x ur y, 1:111d r c.'lincm c..:nt rat her· than f:.1s hi on: to be worthy, no t 1-es p cc ta hlc.:, :t ncl wealthy notric\; : to s tud y hnnl t hi nk qui et l y, tn lk g<.-:ntl y. <Le t fnlllldy.

To li sten to sU tt·s and hint s to h nltc.·s :tn d sages \\' i th op en h enrt; to bear nll eltet·rf ull y: do a ll h• ·nyel _v. :t\\':tit occasion s. hut..-y :1 wot·cl to l et the s piri tual, ancl unconscious gro w up th t·ough the common . T hi s is ln be my symp hou y.

\Vhat matl c: t·s it lo t he.: wo dd . wh et h er nr vo u o t· anot h er man did such n rkt·d. o1· .such a h oo k. so he it the dt.'c.•tl nn d th e ho ok wc t'l' we ll clonL· ?-H cn ry \\' Lon gfc II o \\'.

Stat¢ normal Summ¢r Stbool.

Te rm, jun e 8 to Aug u st 2, 19 00 .

Enr o llm e nt, Friday and Saturday , June 8 and 9, 1900 .

· Or g ani z ation completed and recitations and lectures begin Monday, June I 1.

Classes in all the common branches.

Special classes in nearly all the branches of study offered during the Normal School year.

Tuition free. Only the registration fee specified by law is required.

The work of the Summer School is done by the regular teachers of the Normal School Faculty.

Full and detailed announcements will be made in a short time , by . means of a circular and in Th e Messen g er .

Information, fu II and free , can be had by writing to th e Pre s iden t, J. A. BEATT IE,

Notes

and Locals.

Mr. Hut to n is in sc h oo l rtga in

Did yo u in g etting a cha p<:! se al?

Sam Storm, '9 7, is teac hin g w cs l of Pe ru

Car ri e Wurls. '97, h as been to teac h in the Lincnln sc h on ls.

Eu ge ne H owe , ' 99, a ncl Frank M.c No u '' are teachers nf th e Nema ha s chools.

H ow do yo u and E mperor· Wi ll iam ag r ee as to wh en the twe ntieth ce ntury begin s?

Si xtee n members of the Sta te Nor·mal Fac ult y we re in attendance at the State T ea chers ' Assuc ia tiop.

The Y. M. C. A. e nj oyed a tall< fr·i>tn Prof. Ho s ie first Sunda y of t he term Th ere was a l arge Rtte n da n ee.

Ch arles Meac ham, Miss Evn Warnc·r and Miss Mayme Gru be r· of th e training classes of' 98 a nd '9 9 haYe p os it ion s in the l.! lyss es sc h oo l i hi s year.

.J ulia \\" on. ll.' :H:h 1.·>: 111 the L in coln h ig h :-.c h oo l. I

Did \'I ttl mn k<: so me go n cl l wcnli1.·th n·nlur v r eso lu tio n >:?

:\111". Lo we who w:t s in schoo l bst yem· h as c nn >ll cd lh e pr·c;:c nt le rm • .f.

\I iss Alice Je we ll is at !rome. Sh1.· ha s h c..:n t c:.H.: hing in wc stc n1 Nc bn1sk a.

Thl! litentry so ci et i es all r·..:p or·t in crc a SL' in mc mbcr·sh i p. A ll n ew s tu clcnt s s hou ld jn in nne n f' them.

iYlil ton A. Sam s, '9 7, was mnn·ied at to a young lady of Kennard wh lTC M r· . Sams has taught for st·ve rnl yc;1 r s.

The r ece pti on grvcn Saturday evenin g. J nnu a ry 6th, hy th e Y. i\1 . a ndY . W. C. A .. wa s we ll attended anrl eve ry b ody r <'po rl s a ple as ant time.

Th e pr ognt m of the Statl! T cnc hers' !"ociR tion. i ss ued just bcfo r·e th e Holirln.v s, cont a in s the nam es of Profs. H os ie and Por tee Mis s Kel ly and 1\ili s> Fc r gust) n of the F ac ulty, an d Cl a rn Bu ll ock, '9t), nml E. E. Sams '95 , of t he al umni.

•:z.

Co ll et L. :-t u <k nt of '96 is in :-:c hoo l.

i\ li ss Sc <tm : tn 's mn Lit (·t· h n:-: r et urn ed to l't·nt .

:VI in ni l· ri o w rl id 11 0 l n·tu rn fo r thi s te rm 's wot·k ,:J.

C ln..Jc vi s it ed he r· nunh t·r a nd hrnt het- in Knn sns nt C hri s tm a:>.

Th e •-o il of thi s tt·•·m's prac ti ce teac hers in c lud es a numh c•· \\'h o taug ht l ast te rm

Buith D:lls t•·o m nctcd ns s ub s titu te in the O maha Public Lihmr y at Ho lid ay lim e.

State No t-mn lites wer·e to be met \\'ith on evc t·y ha nd n t Lin co ln durin g th e Associa ti on.

P .-o f'. She lr1 on was c lccte cl sec r eta ry of the Aca demy of S ci en ces at th e la tl· m eetin g in Lin co ln.

$

Edith Va nMiddle s wot·th a nd Bess ie M ajors, of Pe ncl c t·, s pc11t the Holid ay va cati on at thci•· hom es in Peru. .1/-·

Mi ss Da ily cn tc •·ta in ed me mbet·s of th e F ac ult y a 1. hc t· home in U11i\ ers ity Pl ace nn a ft e t·n oo n of Associa tion wee k ..

Dut·ing

th e Holidays 'Winifred Neff t'L'visit ft·om her fa th er <J nd he•· Mi ss He nd er so n. Mi s!'

cei vc d n co us in . If c nd en ;o n is teac hin g- at Creigh to n.

Ed \\' ard 'ptegro n ', '9 7. of \\'esto n, was in Pe ru at Ho lid nY t im e.

Do bb s h as b ee n r e-elected s up e rintc nd em of the Baptist S und ay Sc h ool.

H . .!,. . S am s l..:a n:s hi s univ ersity co urse Lin co ln to b eco me prin cipal at Ri,·cr- · ton.

i\1 is:::cs u .-oa ch a nd Bl ack woucl an: llC\\' st ud en ts at the Dor mi tory. Misses F ink Ostcnbcrg Ly on. Be ll , and M:u kl cy, arc now m ak ing the ir hom es th ere.

Ho ldt·egc. wh c·re eig ht of the teac hers are fr om th e State No rm a l, h as latel y ex pend ed abo ut tw o hundred doll ars for library purp oses :111rl one hundred do ll ars in appm·atu !".

Of th e o ffi cers for th e Hi gh Sc h oo l Section electe d for next year at the Association me e tin g, Mi ss of No rth P ia ttc is sec retar y. a nd E. E. Sa ms of F ri end is n mem he r of the co unc il.

Aurcli n Cr angle. '98, \Yh o teac h es in Holm cs v111 c se nd s goo d ch ee r to Th e M esse n ge r a nd go od wi sh es for the sc h oo l y ea r. S he h as a ro ll of fifty-fiYe . Th e di stri ct rece ntl y h as a dd ed abo ut $3 0 wo rth of nc·w b oo ks to th e sch oo lli hrar y.

Au cl now 'ti s the Se ni ors who "te ueh the yo un g irl cns h ow to sh oot. " Jusl li sten ns th ey ta lk of the ir ex pet·iences a ncl no te us well the loo k of prem at tll-e age that cree ps on und er the eo m bi n e.d st r ai n of ' 'c hapel t nlk s '' "hn rl bovs" and '' c ri ticism :::

THE STATE NOI<.:\lr\L SC II O OL \ lE SSE:,a; EJ<.

Two ne w hom>CS arc to be bu il t ju st h elow th e "Major's bt·ick ."

Miss Ph elan has h cc n c all ed home hv r easo n in t he f:tm ih ·.

Mi ss H os mer vis itl·d at her home 111 Ln Por te , lndi a nH, lhmugh th <: , ·;tc: tt ion.

Eliz abe th Ga nln ct·, '9 7, h ::ts hee n lei! <: h· in g at Wak cne lcl, 1'\ e hn:t sl<a, si n c<: g r" rlun tion.

0. H. Mon ey. wh o is teac hin g n e: •r fJ unbnr , vis ite {'l th e Normal a few d ay s at the beginnin g of th e w in t er te rm. He cxpct·ts to t eac h in the hi gh sc h oo l at Gr ee n wood t he co ming year.

Wo rd reac he s us of an ot her in g mar ri age of inte re st to former S tntc No t·m al a nd a lu mni ,- Pt·incipnl Cha s. VI.'. Vest, of Pla invi e w, a nd Nellie S. S hep a t·d , bo th of th e cl ass ; >f '96.

. At th e Decem be t· m ee tin g ,)f the No nn [tl Sc h oo l Board it wa s decid ed to haY e the s tand pip e for s upply ing wat c t· w th e Do rmi tory con st ruct ed as soo n as fa vot·· able w ea th et· w ill pe t·mit The tan k wil l t·est on a bri ck towe r for tv feet hi «h - 0

\ !i ss \l:uk k y's m ot hc.: •· 111 Pe ru n -: h ort t illl l' aftl· t· \' :tl':t t inn

]. A. R ey nolds vi s ited his si ste t·, Ln urn E. R ey nol ds . '98, dut·ing th e Ho lid ay s. at Ca n ·ol, \•vhet·e ·he met Geor ge Me n-i ll . '95, who has ch ar ge of the ba nk th e re .' iV!L Ra lph Ke ll ey bro th er of Miss Ke ll ey of the No t·m al F ac': lt y, is princip al of the hi gh sch oo l ·a nd Miss Rey nolds ·h Hs th e Th e sch oo ls are mal<in g g oo rl pr og 1·ess, a no thet· t.cnehc r ha Yin g h cen a cl de cl t·cccnlly.

We fee l \'C t·y tlta l lhc g-iYC II be--

l ()\\' of fornH:r of the Stal e ;x o rmal in :t Ltl·ttr i: JJ H.T npon lh l· nt Lincoln l: tl'l<s m:tny l l is. htJ Wl'\'e r, <t goo dl y

C. II l'ly s:-:c.:,.:. ,\. II \\': ti Lz. El ntwo cHI.

I<h c.: na To wle.: \\': tl l:t s h.

Ann a T ow le, \\': tl J:t :< h.

C. F. l.t:f 11 ·, Su lton.

Jud ah ll ow an l. Seh u_ylc.: L

C l:t ra l' utT in gt lln , C oz ad .

,\n na I. c.: ae h. El k C iL y.

0 . .J . Slan dl ey, 1\e nk lc.:nt:llt.

Ola B. I l ugg-, Ohiow a.

I I. L. Sa ms, Ri ,.e ,·ton .

Can i c.: .J en se n, Da nn c b•·o g-.

Rc rt ha ll c nd c.: n;on , P :t it hu•·_v.

\\ 'a l te r P. Cn 111ph c ll T ec um se h.

i:\. Bowen,

E ll <t .J II :u·tlc.:y, B en n et. Jl:o nrt.John !=: ton, Li 11 co ln

.f. F. Wint ct·s, Lin co ln.

.J ulia \\' ot·t, Liue o ln.

.J . .J. King and wife, Linco ln.

C aJTi c i\11. Ehl c t·s, Benn et. iVlinni c E. Cha s e, N ot·th ['lott e.

Bert ha .John st on , Ce ntt·al Cit y. Cn ni e A. \\'ut·ts, Cl: 11·k :..; .

\ \' .C. Pa n·intt, Pc n1.

F: P. :\laj o t·s, f' e n1. Lo ui se \\'. Me a•·s, Pent. H. L. Ban·ick, Pe ru.

Ur sc ba Pt·a tt, Sy ra cu se

\V. :V£. <; l:uy, Nc bnt ska Ci ty

E mm a E. :\1 o rrel, Hol clt·egc.

Kati e M. S hcph c •·d, Holclt·egc

J. H. Slo thow e r, Osceola.

C. S. Jon es , 1-Ttnnb o ldt.

Clara J. Bull oc k, Ct·ctc.

E. E. Sa m s, Friend.

Ina i.\11. Orcu tt, 'N a hoo.

Edw. L. Kl otz , Ce da• · Blu lls

W. T. Ho lm es , H ay Sp•·ings.

:\•li n ta Ha ll,

An na Je nnin gs, Oa, ·cnp o t· t.

:vr at ild a 13 er g, Bla iL

Nel li e Kaley, Red Clou d.

]. \ \' Cn:th tt·ec, Lin co ln.

Sa di e S mi t h, No t·th I3 cnrl.

E. 0. r.a n ett, Fretll u tl t.

Il en r Dt ·. Ct·nft c,·cn in g of the 2Gth.

Dai ly gin:s :t at .J o hn son tht' of the

Cla r·a Ot:a n e nj oy ed a Yi si t fro m her fath e r· fro nt on th e 17 th. .&.

To J ucl g-t: H icha nl :-\ ca l. '9-1-. n nd wife (:\ fn mi c Il o ll an d) . of .\ubunt, :1

:\It·. Rub o tt om. a te achin g t hi s "'in ll'L to n.

lo nuer st u de n t, is Hi s m ldress is Trcn-

Gertrud e \\' a rren, '94. resigns her p osition in City for a bette r one in the Beatrice !ie h oo ls.

Id a E. hl cCoy. '9 7, teach in g at St. Edward s, wri tes of her work. She is w ell pl eased wi th the sc h oo ls and th e co mm uni ty . Abo ut fift y dollAr s wo rth of b oo ks It a , .c bee n a dded to the sc h oo l li bra ry wit hin the las t few \Yec ks

The s tu ckn ls ft ·icn(h; h ad the pleasure t·ccen tly of I is ten i ng to a eli cu ss ion of th e "R ace Pm hl<:m" hy J{l'\·. \. B. Whi tmet· of T ec um seh.

The Oxfonl Mus ica l Cl ub of B osto n arc to gi ,·c l:h e it· co n ce rt on Feb ru ary 10 , and the by D.-. Fnlll k I3ri sto l wi ll be aho ut two 'vc c ks In tel'.

Th e ma nicd mcm bct·s of the Fa cu i ty we re ha nd so mely ent ct·tained th e 1 9t h in s tant at th e home of Prof. Whitenack hY Prof. and Mt·s. "Whi te na ck a nd Elli s.

O ln a Sc at·s and Mi ss Mabe l Slack. bot h s tud e nt s of th e Sta t t: No rm al, were mn ni ed the 3d in s tant at her home in r.'airbu r y. Th ey wi ll li\·c in Pent, where Mt·. Sca rs is in the dru g bus in ess.

Th e tick ets fot· the l ec tur e co ut se h ave so ld unu sua ll y w ell. The usual numb er of fo ut· hun dt·cd a nd fifty se aso n tick ets h ave bee n ex h au ste d with the co un;e o nl y ha lf co mpl ete cl, and H n ew s uppl y hn s b ee n prin

Th ot Dan iel S. Fo rd. editor and p ubli sher for the p as t forty- tw o yt>a rs of th at wc JI kn ow n paper Th e Youth's Co mpanion, di t•d last mont h calls for me nti on of the , ·en remar k able fac t that his nam ea p· pen red .in i ts co lumn s for the fir st t ime in a ll the ·c years in a brief obituary. Amo re exte nd ed noti ce of hi s life and work is In tc r.

Th e s eco nd vcar cl as s ga \'C a batJquet Saturday eveni ng. E, erett Hall was used in which to se ne the ric h fe ast provided , whil e in P hil o. Ha ll en te r ta inment of va t·iou s kind s wa s pro vid ed and a prog ram g iven whi ch inclu ded the cl ass song. Th e s upper wa s followed by toa st s, a nd it \Yas un a nim ously ,·o t ecl by a ll prese nt a "d eli g htful eve nin g- " in every respec t.

A st atu e to Dt·. r::. A. Shelrlon, ·•the c hildren 's ft·icnil ," fo un dc t· and t ill hi s cka th prin c ip al of the Oswego (New York) State Sc hool, wn s la tely u m·ci led in th e cap it ol at Al ba ny. I ts cost of $30,000 wa s m et fr om co nt ributi ons fr om the sc h oo l .chi ldt·cn of the st&tc. It r epr ese nt s Dr. S helrl un sea ted, in st ru ctin g a c hild at hi s l<n ce Spced1es were made by Dr. Ha rri s, l ni te cl States co mmi ssion er of cd u ca tion, State Su pe t; n· tc n rlc nt S kinnct·, a nd Pr in ci pa ls M iln e and Po uchet·, rept·esc nti tr g the not·ma l or Nc \\" Yot·k.

EV. W. B. CREWOSON , Preside nt of th e S. W .. Dis·t. Board, Ia. , Christian Con ve n tion, Corning, l a. . wt·ites :-" lt gives me pleasure to bear t estimon y of my hi gh a ppreciati 11n of yo u•· Dr. K ay's Luu g Balm wh ich I have use d with most satis factory r es ults . I h ave found not!Jin g wh ich I con sidet· equ als it fot· loose ning phl egm, clearing the and in a general way he lp i ng a pub l ic speaker. B' sides, my wi'fe has been for several yea.rs tro u bled wi th her tht·oat and tons ils and h aS' ta ken

Dr. Kay's Lung Balm

with great sa t isfacti on , the r efor e we consi de r it :1 valuab le remedy. ''

H dru!!(!ists do not h ave o ur r eme dy do not ta ke any for it ha-s no eq ual· Yon (':Ill get it • y retu rn mai l from us, pos t a£rC prep ai d. Write for FREE ADV I CE , FREE SAMPLE and D r. Kay 's Hom e Trea tmP.n t. a 116-pa ge bool> of recipes . etc. .Dr. Kay's Lu ug Ba lm, !Oc. and :liic. $1. 00. Renont or, 25c. and Dr. B. J. K ay Medi ca l Co ., Sara toga Sprin gs, N. Y.

THE STATE MESSE NGER.

Vol. Ill.

PERU, NEBRASKA, FEBRUAR Y, J900.

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL ALUMNI.

"Mode rn History,"- From t8 94 to t898. Bt· .11. B ra tt ·_q:;_

CL,\ S:-o OF ''::J..f· .- rld ditiot w/.

L{LU

E \' AKS F i1·th , Ne bras ka, \\T i tes :

' The fi 1·st )' C[ IJ · aftc 1· g rad u at in g, l th e sc h oo l in \-\'hitn ey, thu s be in g a h ie to enj oy home a ft c1· having been a wa_v so long.

Th e n ext ye ar f ac c epted an i nv it ation to the wintc1· in Flo ,·ida wi th so me f,·icncl s who o ...vn ccl a fin e sa ilin g bo at , a sc h oo ner, fitted up in a ve ry co mloJ·tablc ma nn e r. \Ve l iv ed on the b oa t and sa il ed up and do wn th e cast co as t of Flo rid a cxplo,·ing the fnd ian 1·iv e 1· and its t rib uta ri es, visiting pl ac c:s o fin tc ,·e:-; t along th e en tire coas t. g at he rin g :-; Jw ll s a nd st ud ying JWtu r c. VV c visite cl othc1· pl aces of in te r est b esi de th ose in Flo ri da, s ome of w hi ch arc Sh aw 's Ga1·den in S t. Louis Cha tta rt o ogn, Lo oi<O ut 1\ifo u nt a in Mi ss ionary Rid ge a nd th e At lan ta Ex po siti on

In the I 1'et un1ecl no1·th, six wee ks in Geo rgia, n ca r th e s it e of }t·n·. Davis' c aptu 1·e.

The n ext two f tc :-. c hin <r th e - e gra mnuu· gra d es of th e Ch ac h·o n sc h oo ls. a nd t hi s yea r· I a 111 in Fir th as pr·in cipa l. Fi ,·th \\'::l S 1n y chi ldh n orl !tom e. and I am e nj oying a am id st nld ns sm: i<lt ion s. J' h is yea r 1 lw \',(.' lw d lhc: J ll"i \' i k·g (' or 111l'Cl -

in g for the fir st tim e my class m ates of the cl ass of '9 -1- How I wi sh I might sec them a ll : r ca n o nl y send you greetin g. ·•Om· pa ths ind e<'d are di ffe ren t, but ou r purp ose is on e, tu be a ben efit to the wo rld .' ' The G1·eat Teacher is th e b est patte rn I am end eavori ng to follow Hi m.

CL ASS OF 'S -t .-A dditional.

Mr. D. D. As hl ey , of New Yo rk, thc' 'Mcdic, ·al Histo 1;an" se nd s us the f<) ll o wing sk etch, whi ch he r ece i nd after he h ad finished hi s pa rt of the hi stor y.

ft:la L. C ampb ell ( Mr s. A. M. Gilli s) , Athe na , Orego n, of the cl ass of '84. Immedi ately nfter my fro m the Nebr as ka S tnte No rmal St·h oo l, I ret ur ne d to my home at Ln Gra nd. Un ion Cou n ty , Or·ego n. where l spe nt the fo ll o win g summe r.

In Se p te m be r, ' R4·, I began my \\'O rk as te ac her in the pub lic sc h oo ls of U ni on, the co un ty scat, in t he pr im ary rkp a rl rne nt at $5 0 per month, whi ch posi tio n I he ld un t il J un e fo ll owin g. Aga iu I :::pe nt my v:1cat ion nt m_\· home in La G ra u el , n nd in the fo ll owing Septembe r I a :o; jx mouths te rm of sc h nn l in

Th e Co , ·e :rt $GO p t:r month. ;rncl :rft<:r·war cl s a four months t.c rm :t l ls l; rn d Ci ty at. th e: !; amc· sa lar y- thu s me Len months at $ fi() per m ont h fo r Llw s<:c ond yea r·.

Aftt: t· Lh t: of lll .Y s unt iiH:r \·ac: ttion in \'\' a llo\\":t C ount y, in q ut:sl of r e!'t :t n cl rc: crc:r l ion , I c: ;rrn t..: to l1 11 w ti lla Co un ty . ap pl ied for and ob l:r in <: d :1 "s t:tt<: dip lom a·· :t ncl also a p osit ion in th <: primary . cl c: parlmenl or i\t h l·na 's pu ldic ( th t.:n kno wn as Cen tc n ·i llt..- ) w hi <: h p os iti on l hel d for· four vc; p·s. l $5 0 p c: r· m on th s: rl :rry for· t ht· first y c:t l". w ith an i nc: r eas<: d"$3 per· month y t::tr l y. chll;ng the four yt:ars. But my wo rl < wa s vc r·y h ea v y, to to o fi:w t.e <•ch ers: ofLt n my c: nn> ll ment r <:n ch L· rl se venty and C:\·cn sc: vcn ty -live pu pil s. As a res ul t, I w as s b·il·kc: n wi th n c: n·ous JWOs Lra Lion and of spinal_ lll C: ni nhriti s, fr om whi<:h I IH1 ,.e n c: vcr fu ll y n ·co v c: rnl my formc i· goo d h ea l th. th ough I am in nw dcnt te ly gon d health at 1wc sc n t.

On j anum·y :.! 8, 1 8H l. l w<t s nwn·ierl to Ang us M. Gi llis, hom on l't in cc Ed wa rd 's Islan d. of S cott ish par·cnts, Ap ril 25 , 18G3, a e aq>en tc r :::tnd mt:clw ni c. though he wa s cngngwl in th t: fumi tu1·e bu sine ss in this city when manie cl . He wa s twice b urne d ou t, once in '91, :1 nd aga in in ' 94·.

In Sl' ptc mh cr, l ngn in en te red th e publi c- c hool as t en chc1·, hut in the th ird

;..:r·:ult..·. whid r pn•itrun I lr e ld tr!lld ll l"l"l' lll " IJl' r·. '!J.I. wlr• 11 I n ··-i.:.: rwcl: th tr:- m aki ng in :rll fi ,T a rd ctllt· - lr:rlt _n: : rr:- in tlrl· ":1 111 1.: :-c lr11ol.

I w;r" :al c• nnt· .,f l ht· Ex:rrn in ing B n: rrd

ctf Edut·:rtitlll r.. r· I hi -. \.'fltr rlly clrr r·i ng 1' ! H) :rn 11 S !I7 und 1·t· ll:rrTi( LL \\' oo clru fr. l"OII II• ty :-t q w:·itrl\"lltkrrt h .,J ,J ;r Ji ll· di plu rr rn

d:tte d \I n\" 7. '!1 1-

\\"c n·:- idt· bert· in :\th l· n;r: r11 y hu sh: 11 1C I i:- n ow t·ng·r;..:•·al in ti re ln n rl rl· r·

\\'e ;11·e L!H" p: tl"l" lll._ nf t hrTt..' h ll _\" S.

;rgt.: cl >-t.:\"l" ll. En ..- t..· tl. :r ;..:.. cl t lr n -..: :rn d l. lo ycl

ont.: : til s to rrl. :rn d

I lr: I\T ;..:- \"l" ll rrp <.: Xn'pl wit hin

my ( J\\" 11 do r11: r in , a nd wi th lnr l t lrn: t· pup ib.

Till·rl· is lit tl<.: cl ,.: e of int erc ,.: t in my un c\Tr tfttl c :ll "l" t· r. : rncl th i,.: w ill pro\"<.: unirll <.: rt..·s ti ng t..: n or rgh. nu dou bt, lo all ,.: :1 \ "t.: a vcr·y kw who m I l(llt..·w in Lh c • ·Jon;..: :r g:o.' To !. hi ,.: ft. \\" ltO\\" l' \"t..: l", f \\' OttJd \."Xte nd a gr·ct..:t-

in g n::rd 1in g ove r· :rrl(l ; rln id g irr g the long inu.: n ·c.: ni ng w hi ch h :r ,·c c lap sc cl l< im:e [ mel them for · the bt ,.: L Litli C. f \\" OUi tl th nl I m ig ht t he lwnd, lll C<.: t fac e to fnt·t.: tn lk lt ca l"l to hc :u·t.- wa lk \v it.lr tlr c rn in the

·' Co ol ll i!I SS.)" wal ks the drip Of \\"O o dl:l nd s pri ng-s, So 111c half ,.....,n t.: nt hct·cd, ha lf i nw g in cd spot ;; . A sc a• ec ca ughl ec ho in the s ilt.:n cc bt in gs A .glim p se-a dt"C:tlll of' [ h a\·c n ot ."

If we co uld rea d t.h e s ec n:L hi story ol our C: tlcmi cs , we should fi nd in each man 's life s otTO\\" and suO"c ring enough Lo di sann rdl ho s lil il y.Lung ft.:llow

:'\OIC\1.\ 1. SCIILHH. ::\IESS E:'\GEH .

EARLY HJSTO R Y OF THE NEBRA SKA STATE NORMAL ScHOOL.

I:'\ .th<..·. c()'llli..-rt m··: •• r th t· Epi=-t:np. d C hun·h. 11 1 tht:

wrts :1 st r ong st·ntintc l tt in f:tvor of l is hin g :t kn1ak s(·min :1 rv :-i tHm:wh crc in th t· s t:n c and it w :1 s st n.l ll !!I '" hint ·d bY {JI'O inin cnt <It tl;c. that, sh ou ld :1n y town <llic•· :1 suitable:: and h ui :cliu .!! Lil t'_\' w ou ld do ubtl e ss acn: pt cd :tt th <..· "r th e next. Conrcrtnc<:.

by thi s t: 1cit oll i.·L p <:npl <: or f> <: ru :lll rl vi c..:in ity , ca lled :t mct'ting uf the: ci ti %t' 11 " to c..:o nsi rlc 1· th e 111:1 ::\ 1.-.

P. i'vlnjon.; , :.\l:1jo•· \\'ill i: tnJ Oaih·. DL ]. F. Mc.:ss 1·s. I I. ::\ 1. l\'l ea r s. \ \' i llin;n

T al e. Jo hn ,l ohn Lo nkss. and others k-nd nfT in li bt-r :t l sub scr iption s; :111cl it wa s clctc n 11int·cl to •n ak t· :t thorough can\'H s of the c1 1Li n: t'tll llllllln it'" to a:::t·crwiu wh: tl c..:ou ld he do 1H: -

Rc,· ll intm Burch ,,·as se le cted to c irculate the su h sc •·iptinn lis t and he did hi s wo rk p•·om ptly n nd tho nn•g hh·. and in a shon he hnd se c un:d s;1bscri ptious amo unting- to ncndv $H 000.

Anot h t-r m ee ting the.: citi7.ens w as then ca lkd a nd it \\'aS d ct e nn i ne d to "0 for- o ward with the A b oa 1·d uf twelve tn1s tccs w as clech•cl i.n du e fo rm, ancl they wc1·c ins tnJ ct t·cl to pr oce ed nt once to :t sit e an rl tTcct ther eo n a hri ek hu il d iJ w i:Hh •l-0 fee t, thr ee ,..,. high .

A si tc..· w::ts do nn led by a sy n tlica tc t hn t had pu1·c ha sccl w hat w as kn ow n as the Fntmc pn >pt•rty . consist ing of s omet hin g 11«.::1 1' L\\:0 hun dred :tc J·cs of land h·in c:r in ,., nn cl /\ro und the l0 \\'11 of Pcn1. D1· J. F. :'\ cn l, He \' lli1·:1m Ht JJ Th and i\·11-s. C. B. ).1ll'Kcnzic Wl'1"C the nnd wh en the: purch: ts t· \\' ;IS t' Dll !-' 11 natt·d tht•n rf on atc cl :-:ixt_y :ICI"l'!-' f111· the !' it<• of' the

:111d onc..'- h :1 lr :te r es lh rtt the tate ;\onna l nO\'. occup ies.

::\1 r. II. i\1. ::\k ars \\' :t S engaged to bu rn the hri ck fo r the bui l ding. and as qui te :tn : tnt o unt of t he s ubs cript ion wn s to be paid in mnu:ri: tl or wo rl; ,) fr . Burc h, wh o had hn•n empl o yed as :tgcnt nnd cnt. h nd a t as k of gn .:at deli cacy and d if: ti ntlty in a rrnngin g ma tter s to s uit ::t ll pa r tics co n cerned.

St.on l' for th e fo uncla lion wa s h ault'd r..Olll t ht• Lnsh fn rm, three mile s \\' CSt or to wn . and ::\1 r. G illet laid the founda tion b 1·oarl nnd d ee p. On Ap1·il 6th , 1 66, in th l' pr<:s t·nrc of a lar ge cr owd, theRe\'. H. T. Da\'i s. pr cs idiu g elder of the l\chrnslw Ci L\' Di st rict, l aid l he corner sto ne with n fl l; •. opr ia tc ce r emo ni es, and en clo sed in th(• :;: tone a tin b ox co n ta i ni ng docum e nts and m c..· me ntu cs \Y hi ch w ou ld n ow be c lrt !"!;C d ns c uri o!'. cou ld th ey be sec u1·ed

Mr . Gn tc s fro lll Bro\Ynville la id the brick and 1\lt- Smi th c.f Pe ru·had c harge of the w oo d -wo rk :'\cadY all lum be r u 1'ed w as of cot ton wo od and that " ·ns tn kcn f1·om the mill s as fa st ?\S it was mantd'ae tured. and of C011J- se , wa s enti rely unRcn so ne cl and sa pp y. It w as l ate in th e se n so n he forc e \'cn s ufficie nt of t hi s kin d of lumb er co uld be obta ined to encl o!'c th e bu il din g and ge t the r oof on.

The r oo f wa s wi th '' ta r red pape r" and pro\·cd a won de r ful tro ubl e heforl' th e winter pa sse d, as it not only knkcd. hut often l ong st ri ps wo uld tear up and flnp and wh ip in th e wi nd, caus in g much lnh or and a nno ynnce.

Th r l'h ap.:l. or ma in ;:;ehoolt·oo m. on th t· gro und fl oo1· of the no rth ha lf of the bui lding- w rts tlo orc cl wi th green cottnn \\'OoHI J,oa nl s. :111rl a hout eight r ou ms a hon· it nn th e seeo nd !<l<H'_\' w ere t'tl t·l osecl : 1ncl

tic plaster ing cou ld he done, <t!' the winuT s et in lhc mot·t:u·, whi ch co uld only be used by it in iron l<ett lcs.

Afte r the t ru s tees had m:Hk dd inite arrnngem c nt s fo r the constructi on of the bu il d in g, they elec ted J. M. of P aw n ee C it y, prineipal, and .i\1 n;. C. B. McK e m: ie prc ee ptrc!;s of thc sc h oo l.

Mr. McKenzie c[tm c to in th e s umm er of 1 862. and had or ga ni z<·rl a school at P:nvncc City. as th e

maha Va ll cy Semi n ary nnd Sc-hoo l. a nd h ad bui lt a fl o uri s hin g s cho o l. co ns id e ring the ne wnc ss of th e co un t1·y. St udtnt s ca me fr om Fo rt Kc ar n ty, brasl<a City . Brownville, Fal ls Ci ty, Hi nwa th a, K:m sas, a nd in tc rmedi a te pla ces, unti l n ea rl y o ne hun dr ed pupil s wc1·c in a ltendancc. The success of the Pa wne e C it y sc h oo l ga n' assu ra nce of success to the tru stees of the Pe ru sc h oo l.

Th e first term of the i'\cbrnsl<n Co nft: ren ee Pcma le Se min ary co mm c net rl Stptc mbcr 1 st, 1 866 , in a t·oom for·mcrl y u se d fot· :1 sal oo n, wi th abo ut thirty pupi ls in atte ndan ce. At the c ncl of the mo nth th e sc h oo l w as moved to the s choo l hous e, as there w as no publi c sc h oo l th at yea r. Jn the latter pa1·t of D ece mber the tru s tee s declared the building on th e hi ll lknown afterw a rd s as the o ld Dormitory,) wn s r eady for occupancy; a nd the p rin cip al and hi s family moved in to two ro om s in the s econd sto ry of t he b uil di ng.

Th e bui ldin g at that time wa s in a very poor con di tion for sc h ool. The so uth half \\'::t!\ a mer<' she ll enc lose d hY ht·ick wa ll s

an d the n•of. Tltl· :,.tnin- k :u lin g up Ul th se con d a nd l hi nl :,.Ut t'i t·:,. nf th t· no rth h alt \\'t• t't.• s impl y l'l111 gh pl:tnk tl' tl in c.: ht·:: wi dl'. wi th 11, ra ilin g tn pn:\'l' lll on e.: f1·om ofT'.

At t hi s no provi sion had b ee n fn t· s :tl:11·ie-., tho ugh the.: t. nt st n:s h:r d fixl'd th e :tll1LI I Ilt fi >r tlt t· tw P tt·:h:hcr·s cmpl o yl·d :1t $1. 500 p t: r :tllll lllll Th e on h· im: onh'. t.ht·n. w:t s fr om the pupils fo 1· l uiti ou. :n lhc r·att· or $7 c :t e lt pl'l' tt: n ll, m· $:! 1 per y<:: 11· This illll<>unt <·d. cl u 1·i ng first yc:u·. to nhn 11 t $7:::;, ; tn d : tft et· paying in ci clt:nta ls f'ot· wond, li gh ts :1nd j nn i tor' s fee s, left ·the $500 The winter wa s 11 1111su:tlly co ld . :1ncl th l' pupils ftTCj tl c nt ly s :1t a ll d: ty in th e sc ho ol r OO ill wilh n ll t hl·i1 · \\T: tp s nr1.

Thc t·e arc nl<lll )' J'Cillini sccnccs or th nt wint.cr·'s \\'CJ rk tlw L wo uld be plc asu ut tn r c;1d. hul they li>t·m no !'pcc ial part nf this hi sto ry th ey r tl'<: o mitted sc h oo l n t it s b eg innin g sce urcd a po t.m eta l bell. bu t it soo n beca me u!'el c:;s , a nd the pr·oblcm wa s how to S<'c u rc a hel l that. would s tnncl 1·in g in g and be hcnrd nt lcnst two ft· nm t he schoo l. tca c hcn; nnd st u dl'llt s so lv ed the p1·obll'111 hy a gnmd en tertainme nt , co nsist.. in g of li te r·ary s ingin g, a nd n chicken s up pe r·; the citi ze ns furnishin g lh t.! c hi c ken s, etc. This ne tte d t]l c sc h oo l 'Gil. a nd oth c•· don at io ns t·ais cd th e amount to $1 20. Th is w as se nt to Mcn·ccly & Co ., Tr oy, New Yo r k, a nd in cl ue time tlw he ll tha t now swi n gs in the belfry of th e No rmal Sc ho ol buildin g, was recci vcc1.

Geni us is an imm en se c npac: it y f,>t lakiu g troublc. - Carl ylc.

RAMBLING REMINISCENCES.

1:, - .I II 1':11 1 t'hc£. ' l-4 t /0 11' of the Cuin•:-sit y o !'Oklalwmn.

IS H ()\\' rl.-:11- t., n_l\· h t·:1.-1 dtl' t>t' Il l,'" hdd h" "" f11 11 cl •·n·.,Jl n ·t inn 11 ,-, •.' 1n ... t•• my ,-it' \\', lh L ordt:11·cl, t ilt· tll t' :td ' '"· thl' tkcp t :t ngkd \\'riel\\' lll)d And C\'cry ln\' cd " Jll>l whid1 111y inf:llll'_\' knew."

Thc fL·t·lin gs t lt t• 111 u,.t h :t n• CXf1l't-icn t·L·d in \\Ti tin,g t hv sL· I bdiL'\'l' I cxpc.:r iL'lll'l' wltt·n thin king nf' I'L·r·tr rtnd i t,s urrourHlin.!.! s. It is so wit h my e: u-Jy li ti.· :tn d Ill\' lir::t re al ueati onal tll: tt there is a Jll'cu liar f(:e ' in .t: :t :-soe i: ltL·d \\'ith 111\' llll.'lllOrie;; of tltt: )JI:t l't • :- imil ;, r· tn t lr n,-e h:t s for his childhood h, >llll'-

I l w:t s in I ' L'l't l th :t L m ,. I bo o t::. \\'Crc \\'l 1: 1t we r e! \\' i tit ('Opper· l Ot'S, :tlld lTd l' t) \'(.Te cl \\'it h •r i IL s t· 'J'I · 1 · .t r·:-: ••=- ''one \\'Ou ld 111ak e P er u · J · '< <.( lo Il l\" ll 1C1 110 1'\'. [ (. \\': IS : tJ !' O in Pe nt Lh :n lh -: ii r·:- t l l.'v<: r ow u cd \\'as bo ugh t, Pr·im111 er .. , with :t J..!Tl'l.'ll CO\'lT, lht• f:t l tl' l' be in g rt vc rv illlJ1 0rl <tll t qn : tl il,· o t' lh<' boo k.

Ln t-: r·, when- thr -o\vn u po n 111 _v own rc!'('l ut·ees, the n liY in g in Ton-a. th l' to o HC..·r- t l; e. e du cat io nal rt clv <1 n ln gc ·s :1t a pr·icc \Y it hin my ,-c ry li mit ed in co m e, an,( for· fourteen _Yl'H r·s 1t \\'i l s Ill ." h 11111 (.'

Thi s l l: tpcr· is nol int c nd ccl, h rH\'c\·cr, 11 !' <tn ••u tohiug-.·n ph v. ne itlwr - sha ll I :-: p enk t·;..Jwci:-tl ly of 111,- Li ons to Lir e t\nrllln l

s tud ent -tc:tch e•-. :tlt h oug h the vl.'r_v plea s ant r·cm in is c<.'rH:e.· t ha t eome to the ln l' lll nr·y wo ul d k- a cl me to do so : bu t it is lh l· a ss<:Jei [J Lio n or n atund sc ene r-y. ' the wood s iltHl th ei r- the hil ls w ith tlwi ,- h idd en :-:ee r·t'!s .. r pre- hislo r·ic

th <' , .•-.-:.ti c. muddy. h ul l'\'C l i nLcrc:- lin g- 1-i,·c1· n l' whic h I wi sh to I I< no w not \\'hat wnorl lnn ds ltn ,-c clt·a n•d o•- "·hat S \\'( t rnp s d rni n ccl during- the p: ts lli:w _\'t': tl's, b 11 t 111 111\"· t im e

1\: nt \\':lS a pnmdi!>c fo r the nn tn ra li st. Th l.' \\'ild bi rd u es led in the ,·cry cl nor-\\'a y of the the dn \Yn \\'a . usher ed in IJy lltl.' of lht• b row n t hru sh n nd the rubin. \\'hill' the c\·euin g ,·esptrs we re dwmcd by lhc \\' Ood-t hrn sh: th e \\'il d tio\\'crs hlo om t·cl in pr ofusio n on cYery h anrl. ami the ferns ca rpeted the s ur rou nding g-lndcs: the s\\'a m ps nor th of the to \\'n fu rnished C\'Cry ,·nriety of a mp hibian and \\' : ttcr-fo\\' 1 co mlll on to the locn li ty in th e b ln fl's \\' Cr c.: fo und t he rema in s of the plan ts an d in ci rl cut to the n nr icnt \\'O r! d.

But am ong all the fr iends of fie ld a nd for est.. the hi rrh: nrc mu st fo ndl _v cher is h ed. \\'h nt ho ur s of pl easa nt compa ni ons hi p were.: spcn t in Yisi ti ng them 111 th e ir s tu d yi ng their soc ial r elat ions and l)rYin •r in to th t>ir Wh at :-, tmg ed ics of and foye were wi tn es cd durin ,.,. the m at i ng senso n, and wh at so rro \\' when thc h ome \\':1S despoiled by an enem y!

Among bi rd s, how cnT, there is the same cJ i,·c•·sity ofc h arnctc r as nmong men. Th e nofs_v th ic\' ish blu e jay; the cr ue l, murdc.:rous butc her· b ird: the s tu rd y ro bi n, jo ll y bn t qu ick -tr m pe t·cd. re min d in g one of a l'O un try s d10o l-b,1y , the amo ro u s. lo vin g b lu e bi rd, harRhcst not es ar·e mu sica l; the sh _v. in different cuc k oo: the pugnaci ou s, clwttc.: r·in g li tt le wr-e n: the woo dthrush who pou r·s out hi s sou l in so lit uck; tht• ad i,·c, busy wood -p ecke r, who \\'Ork s nud hrunm c r·s fro m morn in g t ill ni gh L ns th ough hi s li fe depe n tlecl on it-as it r ea ll y d ocs; Lh t• mo urn ing do , ·l.' w hi ch te ll s o f' "h npc;; too h Ht g d efe rr ed :" the sh i ft lcss, cow hi rd. and tht· pn ss ionatc. n tu ::: i,·:d thra sher nrc :1 IC..·w o f' the chnt·actcr s re prl' SCtl trd.

So111l' pcc uli nr ptrRon al cha mcl c ri st ic s ns qu: tl itir s p or-scssc d by ccr t :ti n of 001-

1:!1 TilE :'\OIDI.\ 1. SCIICHll. .\IE:-:. '-'I·::\ l;I : I-!

a..,soeiatl'S, cau!'e us to -.ingl<: th<:m out a-. sp<:cia l fr i <:n ds: and while ":\or those 11 11lcs :\icc fingered arl nm sl entulate in vain, llut caw ing rooks, and that in t lj IIIC

In still r..:p:.:atccl ci rcks, lutul. Th e jay, the pic :t11cl C\'1'11 the boding ( 1\\ I '1 h:ol h:cils the risin;; morn. h:tsch:tl'lll !< tnr lito·,"

c..:..:na in nncs of my feu lhl·r<.·cl fri, nds h tcl lit·st pl:tt:c in my :tlli:ct i (Jil s. .\mong th c.. m a ll tit<: ltt'P\\' n t is l'ils il y fir s t, n ot only !t t'l'tlllSt' or hi s n·;tl 11111'-ical :tbilities hut :d so h u:au e or c...·:t rh· H:i SOl'iation!'. :\ ly tir.;L r .... at in tc..:n.: !-l in \,ircl!-i was arou!-.cd by the c..:h:tpL!·t·s 1JI1 '':'\: t tum l Hi sto ry in \\'il !'on 's Fifth Reader. '·Th e Stlng nf th<: B1nl'' wus a sou rce..: of n c\'cr end in g dl'light. To me it c,r the Thr: tshc..: r: t lw t l lr<: poet and I lt:< ll·n..:d l atc..: r 111 ,. mistake..·. the ea rly i mpnssio n wa s tl c \·:,. con·<:et<:rl lll'rc in Oldnhotn a, th.... rl' al moeking h il'(l :ittppl:tnts th<: th,·as ll(T, iliHI a;, I compare thcit· nlu..,ieal al tiliLit:", the forme r, it !'-cc:ms Lo m<:. is mo re p11 t·L"Iy I ta l ia n in hi s qunlity or \'() il' C and m ethods of cx<·c u tio n, indu lging in s uq)l'i..,in g tt·ills :t ncl flights nf song The t hras h t: r l'Ombin l'S the \' igo t· a nd \' o lum e of \\ 'a••n<: 1• ,-, with the fll'xibi li ty or the lt nl i an, : 1 nd I lind myst:lf sti ll luming tc> Ill\' "li t·st lo, ·e·· as Lbe supreme ani st in hinl.tnu sic.

Tlw c..·at bird rank!; w dl c..: rit ics , :ts a ntnsic..:ian, a nd I would not und cn·aluc his r e:tl me rits o t· s:ty ought Lo hi s musical s wnding h ut h app<::tl s t<·, me ns a hrilli:tn t jll'diH·mt•r ntthl'l' Lh:tn : 111 :trti"t. I !c..- pl .. :tSL'" Ill ( ·, l11t t lll'\'l' l' till·il ls '" '' · I npplaud his sk i!. but d <: p n:c:t tc h is l:tck of sou l.

The..· r11hin ,,·i ii :d\\':tY" reta in hi s pl:tce :ts :t p,·imc.. t'a\·oriu· llce:tn,:c ,,r hi s so ng H ncl of hi" rli,..po!'iti <lll. \\hat an Oj)l'll, fnlllk. stunh· l'c..:.low hl' \:l'\' l'J' sku ll ;; in g. beg-

no r eringing, he d ..t<. n rls his t·ig hts wi

:::s

";t

.\nd wh:tt c..·•,uld 1, · lllllH' c..·IHc..-rin;: ancl n·th:11t hi-. ,n.,rn in;.: c..·:trol. llPt cspc..c..·i:tllv l w:tutirut "' ': tri d. llltt one whid1 purilic..·-. the..· 11 1, .r the..· li ,.. tc..·nc..-r, dr·iving out th:tl" whidt i -. ],;, · :111d di honc.. --t. :111c l k:ttlin.!.! tt lnd' t•• it p•·in11tivc..· pu rity. '( IH" III IJ-.w: tl \'Oic..·c..· i:- that pf the..• wnod-tlt ru :- h \\'h:tt ckpt It of liquid mdody it c..·x pn· Thi-.. t hn t-.h i,; :1 Io,·c..·r<lf :tnd -.h:Hk. Till..' ..,\Illshine..· don. nell -. tir hi..; -.oultn -.on.!.! hut in th e..· ltr• :tl;;in,!.! d:l\\' 11, gath ,·ing twil ight. pntii'S t .. nlr the>SI..' nul c..·:; in whid1 :til the..· ltc..•: tul _v :lllcl '-L!IJ! illli t_v cd' :t SCI II,!!; SC..Tll l lo ha\'c..' hl'l' ll (.'() lh.' l'llll': t tc..·rl'

nt· f: t\'t ll ',

Tn S (l l":d;; c.r : til (lr th e.: \'Ol':tlists nr llll.:l'i t \\' tJtd cl c..·xll:nd thi s pap l' r muc..:h hcyo nd it" pr opt-r limi t. but \\'1..' llliiSL ll l l' n lio n t he..· t·osc..·-hn ·nstl'cl g ro-.h c..·: •k. whu:•c..• i:" one..• of ..,c..-rc..· n c..· contc..· tHm ent: he si n gs n ol t11 till' wo rld a..; duc.. s th e...· t hr :t. h c..: t·, hu t lo him:"df nnd rn :tlc ; Lil t: IJl uc..·-h i nl. "\\'ith the canh t tp on hi s hn·n ..;l :11 t cl the..· sky up on h is h ac..·k,' wad, l c..·s so softly and ""·.n·t ly of sp r·ing: Lhc..: B:tltitllflt' C o ri ole.: wit h hi" bt·illinnt wh ose..· so ng is :tpl ln gr o\\' Lit'L'SC>Ill l' ly t llc>IHH Oil o\ls in its r t: p c..·tlllon: thl..' c: :t nlin al with cleat· mt:t T }' whistk. and th e..· .n:l low-hrc.. a"t <: cl c hat. \\'hnL :1 qu e ,· l>inl the..· lat t ..:r I ha ,· c..· w: t tl.'IH.: cl him hy Lht• h nu t·, \\'O t Hh: t C\Tt·y l11Cl!l lCil l, "\\'IW l n ext?" Jt is ill th e l'\·ening m :tl ing tha t he i ssee n hesl,:tnd f:u· in to the nigh t hi s s ong mny he an a..:c..·otllp:t ll i mcnl to Lh..: whip - poor- \\'ill chor us \\'l n1 c..:: 1n descrih<: !tis song-s u c..·h a si on of' ltnn: !J wc·irc..•\1, hollo\\' , lil'e groans ancl plainli\ en l ls, in t r spc..•rsl..'d w it h snatchc·>: of th , mo st t·ayi sh'ng ;nei1Hl y? fn his ec,:Lnc' \' h• s udd e nly -.kyw nrd a nd lhen sln\\ 1 dc..•see nc!s , \\'it It ll : q' ping win;..?;s :t tHI ln i' nntl d:tll!.!ling kgs :111 ex: nnp lt· of t he• "' "" g rnLc..·sqw.: t1 ig ltL l'\'l 't' \\'itnc..•s,.;ccl, gi,·i11 fc 11·[ h Slit' h \1 l'l' l' SS i 0 II U f so 1111 c]:..; :t n tl "\\ 1 as no other h ire! C..:\'lT atlt'll't•tc..·cl

T il E ST .\ TE

It i-. :t t Ill• in m ay. The :" 1111 1 : 111cl tht· clt•w i ,:: on gT:t:-:,.; nne! t n:<.:ln p. Lt·t n :-: n: p<.:at> th e wa lk :-:o of tl" n t. 1kt·11 • 111 !-i lll il: tr lll ot·n ing,.; \\"e will fo lio \\" th e 1' :1\·im: t':l:- t of the ;\ o nu : d. :<o ut h \\" : 1n I 11 11t i I it f1n ·k" . I I ere w t: will :t :<l"l' tHl t• • t hv hi ;d1. pa ni : tlly t'l e :t n·d g .n111nd l>t·t \\'t' l"ll tl 1.: t ,,.o r:l\·i m :::: a nd

with the d'-•nsc woods on either. h:wd, wi th th t• Yiolcts nt o ur feet a nd the blue s ky 0\ cr head we he ar the YOices of in,.;c t: t and hi r·d blend ed in o ne gra nd anthem. And in the pure mo rning air, pe rfumt:cl with th<: o cln1· of opening bl osso ms. : llld with t hi:: mi g-hty chorus sou ndin g in 011r (' ;tr::: \n' say ndi t' ll.

THE MEXICAN WAR.

Uy }uli.1 Pitu1m .

(" :\ It o,; ..; l'itta tn 1':1\ 't: Lhl' lo ll u\ \" iu g- a" h c: t· Ch n pc.:l c xcrci:R' It tht.· re:u h:r:-o of The n nf Lh l· a ud l.' tttlditi ou :-: (lf th e \\ :tt".) 0 ;\I ·: on the \\" ar hn_s s: tHI ... I 11 <.: \Y:u· en ck·d 111 an ac qulsi lin n uf l <.:r ri to t·y. whit.:h of co ur se \\':I S p opu l ru· and it Jl l' ll\"\.· r! that lhi"' w:1 s ri ch in pn:ei CJu :-< 111 l't: d. \\'h ich lo the po p11b 1· csl im rtt<.: of it : the of the wnr \\'c..'I'C fn1 gnlt <.:11." It is the pnrpos c of this p:t p<.:t· to I'L'\·ic..·'" th e <t n lecc dent s. fn t hi s I'L' ViC\\' lll :l ll ,V d ctai ls lll ll St 11 CCCS:" ari ly be omit t<.: <l, yet hy t h\.·i1· o111iss ion no inj us ti ce \\'i ll bt.:clnnl· toeithlT. fo1· th cyse 1·n:cl the Lim e mninly ils pr<:texes and si ne <.: tha t ti me h :t\'L' funti s ht.:cl mal c ri nl tor th ose \\' ho possess a s enti me ntality whic h tlwy mist : tk <: fur p:1tr io li s m, all(! n liltc l·: tl i ty tn ken fo1· hr oad min clcdne ss , ;1nd w ho in th e nnmc of th at p at l·i otism :t ncl u npa t·tisnns hip atlc;np t to sh ow the i\ le xic an \Va1· nul very \\TOng in it s pn> scc: uti on ancl mo !-'t glor iou s in i ts res ul ts.

T h <.: t·<.: fo n: I co n fin c m ysc l f to th em o t i n·s, :.t s I c: 1n best in tcqH·ct lht.:m f1·o rn th e a ..:t ion!", of tlwt p:1 1't or pa r·ty of Am lTi<.::tns \\' ho though Te xas hi!rl on ce h cc n 'cast ofr, imn tt.: clialL'ly I"C Jl<.:nl cd an d Legan ag a in crts tin g : tmnrou s g· :111ces nt her. nnd llC\'C I' IT"te cl nntil s he, \\"ith a ma g nih l'l' nt dowcry in th e· fo nn of Cnlifontia , 1\:e v:tcln, (j tah. A1·i zo nn :tile! of Culo rndn and ; !IHI :\<:\\' :\1cx ico ltn rl been sec urely uni te d

\\'i t h lh ei ,. i ntc res ts There is the mo re need of this bcca u. e it is th at p er iod a nd th ose nto t in's thnt \Ye h :.t YC forgotten, nnd it is o nly e nd a nd the re :::u lt of the \Y:lr t hnt \\' C ha YC en r ed to rc meml> c.-.

O ur interest in then, by no means h l·gnn \\' hen she was ann e xed in 18 -!5, or cYe n \\' h en she kn ock ed fo1· a dm iss ion nin e b efore: but when, aftc1· she h ad h ce n t ntdcd fo t· th (' claim of Spa in along the Pacifie aho,·c p a.-a llcl 42 °. by t he tt·eaty of 1 D, the l\1isso uri Compmmi se of th .:> yc:u· f(>ll o \\' ing pr ohi bi ted sla very nhov c the i\ 1aso n D ixo n lin e. cx cc fJ t in i\ fi sso u ri and h <: n cc excluded it fro m the t err ito t·y fo r wh i ch she h ad bee n tr ack d, :-1nd the ve ry n ext year the Mex ica ns won th eir incl c pl' IHience, a nd fo ll o\\'i n g· th e exa mple of ot he1· Spn ni sh col or. ie s in A111erica. procl a imed lib ert y to the slnvcs . t he s l<t \'C po wer awoke to the drcn clfnl th ing Llw t h ad bee n do n c, -t ha t sin Ye tor·y hnd h ce n tra ded for f1 ·ee terri to1 ·y. and tha t in th is preci ous tcr rr itory n ow belonging to nn ot hc 1· nati on ,.; Ia \'Cs had been fr ee d. T hen th e in T cxn s lwd i ts hidh: then be.:_:·nn nn Hll t it-in .:.; and un :::c rup nl <H J.s l'lf()rt ror its restor: t li nn. h':g nn to to lnniz.· in Tc xn s hy th e eo ns ent :t nd un rlcr the Ia 'Ns 'of th e i\ l cx il·:tn' gonr n nH' II l, :11Hl nnt nnlv u wnrc

1 ' )9 -··

of the fact that -: la \·c•·y was no t hy the gove r nmtnt, IHJt in n cl di tion to that, forbidden again :111rl agr1 in lr 1 carry slav es i nto that t en it or y, th ey corti nn <.: d, unti l th <.: 7\lc xic an go \' er nm l· nt in tion fc,rl w clc an \· more A mtrica ns to st· lth: the t·e. Thi s like t he pmh i bi tion w s la \T ry was entir el y disreg: tn led, a nd th e dTo J'l s of :\h·xico to cnforcc , for she und o ub te d ly s:a w the t <: JJd tncy of th e sign: cl for a st ri ke ·fo •· ' ·libert y" hy tllc!'e .\ mcr icnn-'fcxa n s. "() Li b ert v, h ow ma ny ct·imes l1 ecn c omm iuerl in th y Lib e rt y!- t he ,·c ry s; utt c lih c•·t,· that Car o lin a a nd (;corgia, .\ l ;d ><tma and :\I is si s.-i p ,,i , Lousiann : 11HI thi s !'-:I me

T exas pr oc laim c cl in the ..:n rly pa1·t of 'ti 1.

T he se men , th cs c A mc ri ca ns, Sa muel II ouslo n. Dav id Crock ct, Co lonel Bo wie nnd a ll the o th t1·s i nto T ex as with the i<il- a of the re la tion of the in a t lll ion th at they hn rllc a rn c rl from C alh oun, an d, as :Vh Blain s ay s of Calhou n, "app lied Lo the <: onsti tu tion of :\ Tcx i<.·o th e <:on s lru cti on th at he had so long a nd so a bl y rlema ncl cd fo r our own."

[n thi s rcb <:ll ion the Tex an s g ai ned wh at th ey \n·rc pic :•se d to 'lcnn thci r i cn cc, bu t that i nde pe nd en ce of Santa An na al one whc·n he was a p ri so ner of war w ith \·cry g ood re aso n tn ex pec t de at h if ht· clicl nol a cccclc to his ca ptor's d c: m;Jncl s an d iL wa !'\ n ot either th t·n ot· aft e nvH r cl by th e \! c.x ican g ov ct·nmc n l. Tlt c l' nitcrl S ta tes, how c: \·e •·, \\' ith inde cent hast e, re<: ogn izc: tl it. E\'t n !\ h. Buch anan , the man who wa s so an xtous fo1· the i nst i tut ion of sla , .c ,·y. knew thn l the sltp was s<• pl a in that he da1·e n ot Lake it, and \\' hen the qu es tio n uf its recogni tion was bc:l n rL ' congr ess, c..:all erl a Uc·nti on to ou: d c:a ling wit h ot her <' Oun tr ies :t nclt•sp ecia lly to o ut·con du <:t cl u• in g th e rThcl li un of o t It er Sp an ish-.\ me rica n co l on ies. li e as ke d. ·· \ \'h c:n did we rc eog njze .t he ir and co ntinu ed ,· \: nt un ti l Lh C'y hn cl ac h ic\'c d it hy tlwi t· :•nns: nn l until Lh t· :.:""cl had been fn it ghl ;uHl won-

B nt il'l u-. not ." h :u), kcl. " hy cl t· p .tn ill g from our '- et tl t·d po li cy ;.! i\ l' 1 i!'-t' t c• ti lt' !'- \I S·

p i<: iqn t ha t II'(' h a\t' )-:flllt' li ii Jl t!Ji ._ \\" 11' fo r lhl· of \\ n --ti n ,:..! 'l't·x:J'- tr .. nt tlt n st• to w h.,m , un de r tlt t l;1 it lt uf tn·ati,·.... s ht• ju " tly hcl on;..:.._ "

In t it l' u·II _\'l :I I r.'11 II \\' l hi " I' l'l'l ll :1 t II n ·l·o;..: nit ion ol Tt·x 111 ind,·pt'Jlll ,nn· \\Tn cr owd ed more in t rigt ll' 11 111 1·,· ck ni t. a 11d nt or t· Jh •li t=c ;d l·hil"l ll l'l'_\', t)J:II I lt : t\'l' bl:tc:kenccJ thl· p:t;!t'"' of o ur Jt i...;t o t·y cl ll t'in;! fifty year '- of :111 y ot tilll t'. Tht· ht·;.: inn in g wa!' lll:tfk when C:di JC >III l. t It t· n nti •·in g .:xpo lll' llt of' .._ Ia o; cT y :1ncl d i,- 11n ir 111 !<lld d t.· nl y 111 hi !- pi:J 1T in ti l l' O..:, c.; JJ :t tl: i 11 1 H:)( } a nd : ut nount·t·d th: tl t hl· ti llll' lt nd t'O illl: tu :tll ll l'X Tc x: •o.; , a nd in •·: q>irl St' ll ll'nt·cs. b ur nwith for !ti s I H· IIl \T d So ut It. told nf t ht· CO II S{J irnc 1· of to ;ti H> li s lt s la v· in an d .:: dlt- d 11po 11 Cn ngt-e ss tn pre, ·ent th is tTinll' the So uthern sut tt·s- thi;. lil ll:l': lt in g of sl: l\·c,: so n c:t r h t.·•· honk rs the• ·c·l>y S Jl l'l':ld ing th e pc r ni<:io ll s d oc· tJ·ine of Fr c.: ccl o nt f'ur cl o t hi s by : lltlll' Xill .t; T l·xn s :uHI s :t \' ing he r to sla vc r y. Le L :\ I I'. Be nt n ll oc c upy p age::: in at te mp t in g to sh o\\' , if ht.· pl c nse s, th nt t hi s W<I S for no ol h t.T rc :t so n l h :t ll tO pr om ol(· \ !1· C: tlh n un 's J> l't·si ck:n li:d pr osp ec ts; the f:1ct r <.: m <ti ns that lt e w:1s lo usc the thn t hnd weig ht \\'il h the pe npl e f'n )lll \\'hom he o:jl <'<'L <'<l he lp ; a ncl thnugh hi s mc: ts tn'l' \\':IS defeated Llt cn. lh <.: r c: d wo •·k had lwt' ll dcmc·. Sou th t' l"l blo nd had he en st irred. So uthc n1 ha tred o f' frc t·do.m for s l:t ,<·s r cc <.: i vcd II C \\' ruc:l , and Lh l' n: st \\' :Is easy. E ig ht yen t·s pa ssnl in in<t <.: Li on so far ns any ll:gis ln Lion \\': Is c onct' l'll ed , hu t th t• for ce s scl H l w<n·k had hy nu mc nn s been in ()pCnll iv c. The \ T<I J' rqK': Itcd hi s et·y fot· th is iit lh.' l !C I\\' e\·<' 1' , \\' ilh p la ns mon: car cf\tl y l:1 id, and a moYe1nv nt ''a s se t on fnol :1t l hc s:t mc ti me whi ch f" r ahst·n cc t>f hnn<Jt·, fpJ· aiJs <.! u te di sJ'l' g·:J nl or a ll in l t.' l'l lLit i on n ll :l\\ nud \.'O IIl' t <.'sy 0 11 th l· prll'l or 0 111' r •·t·:-i cknt ' a nd ol lt e t· hig lt oflil·i: tl s. h :1s not a pnr: dl d

:-;T.\ TE :\0101.\ L

in o ur w c..Tl' into hl't S :tn iiJ c.> l I In u::t nn. th e pn:s ick·nl of T l· x:t :: , nnd n uJ" pn .: ::i ck nt aud <;ec n:l:ll·y of :-< t:ttl' . by wh il' h tiu :-t lly o ur ar my :tnd na '' ." \\'l'J 'l' virtu:tlly pla c c..•d in his h<tncls to fight :1 go n·rtllll l.." nl with whi ch w e.: pn•tc..·Jttkd tn hl· at pc :t Cl' : n t.n·nty of : tnJt l'X :tt io n w: t:-< ma ck aud sent to the.: Scn : ttc.: f(, ,. 1·:1t i fi 1.:: tt ion hd o rc the co un ll·y at la• ·gc.: nfit:-< l' Xisl c nc c. and inckl cl hefoJ·c.: m: tny of :-<l' na to r:-< kn ew of its existl' lll'l' .

In et ddi tion lo : dl t hi :-< . the u·ea t\· its elf. as proposednow:tnd :t:-<r: tti nc rl in a ye:1. r, co nl<:tinl·cl l·knt cn t:-< of t.hl· grc.>ak::it inju stice. lt w:t:-< to n:-nnnc.>x Tc:x:1s: hut the T c.:x: t :-<n:-:t nn l·xed co n tn in cd tho usa nd s of mik :-< of te ni to 1·_y nev er include d in th eTl·xns pu1-c lt ase d ft ·o m France in 1 03 . a nd mo n.: than thnt. O\' c t· whi ch the rebe lli ous T cx: ts had Tll'\' et·excrcisc ci the s hadow of <lllt ho•·ily. :1nd to which h c.>1' o nly cla im by in the f:t ct tha t in the :utic k·s un tle t· whi ch :-< h <.: wa s nftcr decl a rin g he1· in ckpl'nd cn cc th e bo un dat·ies were des ignat ed as such t!tnt thi s pot·tion w as inclucl ccl.

Wh y the cx t1 ·eme lt :tst.:.- to com; um matc thi s t? Fo 1· no o ther •·en so n th:t n t hat lVI ex i<.:o lwd 11 0t ye t r ecog ni ze d thC' in ckpencl e ncc of T exw;, and that thus the \\':t •• w hid1 ad n a ll y ex ist <:"d between :V!,·xico a nd T<.:xa s would then be transferred to th e U ni te d Stn t es, and b_v nn ensy co nqul'sl of that weak na tion not o nly To.:a s but a vn st exte nt of other tcnit o rv wo uld be added ou t of whicn sl ave sta tes mi g ht be form<·d. Calhoun's plan, be it sa id lo hi s v indi ca li on o t· deeper di sgrace as yo u will , being hy money Hnd not by a nn s. This is no icll c ch :1. r ge; patient, c:trefu l •·c.:ad ing of the details of political wircp ul ling and sc he min g. m ost not ab ly th e with Sn nt a Anna, th e man who had been expe ll ed ft·om th e prcsidlncy of Mexico, t·cvca l it hut too plain l y. Th e write•· to whom I h :1.ve 1·cfe1-recl before sn ys , The dipl om:tt il· corres pond en ce on

this nfl'n ir i:: not plea sa nt r cf(cl in g to o ne who wo uld hi s co untry honor ab le a nd upright. ns unwilling to bully as to be bullied. 'uch \\ a_ not the po si tion of the Cni ted tntcs in t hi !'. m atte r ." Our sec retary of state.>, :\IJ· Calhoun in a le tter to \\'illinm R. Ki ng. mini ste r at Paris. in:-;tntl·ting- him to ob tuin the mo rn! su pport of Fr n ntc in the proposed a nn exat io n, attrihu ted the of Engla nd to defca t the n nn cxntion to l!'r oss h· selfis h m otives. . . . He rnicwcd Eng la nd ·s abo li tion po li cy in he•· o wn domn in and cn ll ed attenti on to ils di :::nst•·ous res ul ts which he bclieYl'd to he in c Yitu blc . a nd d ec lared th at the sole reason for h c.> r in te r es t in abo li tion in ot her co un t ri es w as th nt s he mi gh t b ring upon them th e disa s te r she had foolish ly brought up ou hers elf, a nd thus aga in be able to •·to compete s ucce ss fully with th ose w It o had re fu se d to fo ll ow her s uic id al po li cy .'' He said, ''She is too sagacious n ot to sec "·hat a bl ow it (abo liti on in T exas) wo uld gi,·e to sla very ir: t he Vni t<·d States, and how ce rta inl y it s aboli tion wi th us will flbo lish it ove r the wh ole co nt inent. Hnd thereby gi \'l' her a mon opoly in th e pmcluetion of th e great t1·opic<tl s tnple s. Suc h mu st be t he r es ult sh ou l=l Gr ent Brit a in succeed in acco mpli s hin g the constant object of her d esire a nd exertion-the abo li tion of slave•·y o\·cr th e continent-and t owa rd the affe cti ng of whi ch she rcg<u·ds the defeat of th en nn exat ion of Tex as to our Uni on :.ts so i 111 po rt n n t .' '

This is hut a fair samp le of a ll the pres en t ation s of th is quest ion. Yon ennnot finrl n m ot iv e exce pt for commercia l a nd political acha nta ges. And yet imp elled hy such m ot i ves a nd ii1cluced by such argum ents o ut· gov lT nm c nt an nexe d Texas

.. If the a nn exat ion it se: f could h <.· ,iu st ifit:rl, the nwnnct· in w hi ch the wn r was forced upon Mexico cn nn ot ,' ' Gene ral Gra nt sa ys; nn d if we fo ll ow closely the mov cm c.:u ts of that a rm y which was first nn army then nn nrmv of

1 •):_,)

occupation, the n an :u·m y of in,·asion the fact is indi sp u ta blc that wn r never ex i!-. te d ' ·bv the act of Mex ico' but th<: l -n i ted States was the nggrcssor in every point. B ut somehow, peop le at the time did n ot rea li ze just h <•W, there was a cl H!'h of arms t he wa •· was car ri ed on und er pcmicious cry of' ·Our Co untr y. Right or

\Vr ong." ,

Even th <' fnct thn t, "aft er fn ll of th e City of M<.·x ieo a nd when the gove rnm ent was comp l<.·tely in the powe r (, f the Un i ted States, a ro und sum \V a!' paicl fo r the acq uitcd tcr.-ito ry is not a m atte•· of congratulation even to one who wo uld g lndly sec his co untr y as h ono.-ah lc and

upright P""'"' ihk:" fnr it , for hv tht: f:t<.'L th :t t th<.· : tcl mini :-tr:llio n had .; tln: :tdV (: UIIItllitll'd its df tO th :tt ll\· a;ki ng :tnrl tTec iving the appropriation - two dollars of it as e:trlv '.J.Ii It wen: wel l t•l lind nttl' s p:trl< ;,f ho n11r in the pros<.·c utinn of th :tL mo st un holv w:tL I wi th (;l' IIL' I'· :tl (;r:tnt. tl;:tt " it w: t ,; one of the m ost ttllju:,t w; tt'!-. e\'e t· wng<.·d hy :t strct ng a gn in :<L :t wcr<ker natio n. Th e n ec up:ttion se pnrati on. and : tnnex:t tinn w<.·n· from the inception of mo\T I11 e nt to its fin n I co ns umati on :t conspi r:t ey to tenit o ry o ut of whic h sl n\'c states mig ht he for the Amc r:i c:tn t: ni on

CHOOSING.

Hy/1 tl. C.

If Cod wou!d sh ow tn e a ll the gi fts li e ).!ives us from hi s bounteous hand s, an d g-old, n ncl the wea l th nf nti tH I, Jewels, pa l aces , ln·ond green l ancls-

If l co uld ch oose lo ,·c, or fame, or the work That his fa it hful on es arc l ay in g downThe open way to the whitened fields, The bri g-hten ing path to th e stn rri cst cro ...vn;

If he wo uld gh ·e me lh e pow e 1· to ch oose Of th e thin gs thnt nrc d c:uest- n wst ,·ichmo st fair; If I co ul d ch oose w hi ch one 1 wou ld , .\•ly h ea rt wou ld fai l m e- l sh ou lct' not c1nrc:

For wh at am l, th at I sho uld ch oose?

Aht if 1 might, I wo ul d not say! 1 \\'Ou ld l eave the :.,rifts in God's ow n h ancls .For hi s l ove to give me or td l me "Nny!''

Beca u se, for th e one his }o,-c wit hhol ds, He m ay h ave a fairer to g i, cto m eSometh in g sweeter , an hu nclrcd fo l d, lf I w ill but trust, w hil e I cannot see.

A PICTURE. .

Uy .U:u-y E. Jl on n.'.

[T he..· f• •I IH\\ ,.._ "us )!"h· ·n by :\t is.:ot ns nn in chn.pe l. It is priutt!d becnuse it i-. n pit.·Lu rc: of :a to \l fthc rcn cl en; '-' fTh c

Lu:-. fur a 1\.· ": ti! OIIIl' lll :' the:'l' nl \\' tlll\.'1' \\' In ch :::ur-rou nd u:' on a ll nnd in itnm:lgin :ni on fi ud o urab o ut to ut· ft·om uow in the hltt('J' p:11·t of th l' month of :\l ay. lm ng-i 111.: ;t ('oo l. :,; uuny : tft ct·n oo u. \\'c wn lkiu g along a !-:hady 1w th whi ch way a sl t' l':lm th: tt seem s like a s ilve r thread, it

The s lrl·<tm hidd en l>v th e.: and Yio kts \\'hi ch seem to be merrily crowding- ot h er to gl't n of th cm sc h ·cs in the g)nam in g w: nct·.

Sec th ose lit tle. tiny fr ogs leapin g into the wa tcr I pt·csu me the p oo t· li ttle things think wc arc Seco nd Ycat·s with tho se hon·id

On cit h cr s id e of us t he gr arlun ll y sl op in g s id es of a gn:cn clad b lufr. L oo k up there , seem in g to grow right out o f·the hc a1·t o f' th at lnrgc gt·: ty 1·ock. at t:hat c lu sThey ge ntly waYc th c:i r pt·ctty bcll sas if they fc ltsnfc. Th er cnt the fo ot of that t1·cc \-V h osc t·oots seem to g row half out of the hill s ide. see the wa vin g maid en hair fe rn s. How gr ace full y they w ave lh e it· arm s, swny in g back and fot·th on tlwit · brown. ha ir-like s tems. H ow thick the blue-eyed violets cro wd aro und that st ump as if were tr yi ng to hide it.

Thn t sn u t·y ro bin perch ed ou a branch o\·cr· o ur h ea ds seems as if he were daring tts to find hi s ne st. which I doubt n ot is hidden in that h aze l bush or else a mong th ose inn orc nt lookiug feath er fern s. a hc:ad of us at that great tree trunk which h ns fa ll en so that it ma kcs.a bridge

OYer the ra,·ine. We could walk d own the s id e of o ne bluff, a cross the log a nd up th e slope of the oth er. 'ec! we lul\·e come to a place where t he strcnm crosses our pa th a nd widens o ut, mnkiug the earth a ll around soft and damp . How. ta ll th e grass a nd rushe s grow here! We must pick o ur way across on tho se coo l dnmp rocks. In the side of that b luff is a large, brown, fl at rock whi ch shows us thi s must h aYe been a favo ri te place with ma ny , and its beauty mi.t st have made them think of a future n ve ry gt·eat way off, for they h ave attempted to make their na mes as l asti ng as the rock s by carv in g them here, but the coo l gr een mo ss h as a lm ost covered them u p. except a few which must hav e been ca rved there la st s ummer for there are fig· ures '99.

r t hink you mu st have gathered 'by t hi s time tlwt t hi s is a s ummer picture qf the ra ,-in e which leads s outh from bridge ntnnher thirteen

A. mi g- h ty t'o.:ttl>t t i,; the Land o t' Dream ,; , With s teeps th at hnng in the t wi l il-!ht sl<y. Ancl we lte ring occnns and tra iling st r eam><, T hnt ).!l enm wh e t·..: th e \'H ll cy!' li ..:. - n,·y:111 t.

STATE NO RMAL THE SCHOOL MESSENGER·&

• v •

A hi DKBl lne devoted Ill Ihe Interest!! of Ihe Sta te No r mal Schoo f of Ncb rn5kB.

P u/ ,Jisht:rl h_v lhe Fnc u ll,t" ''" the: filic:elllh r, f the mc,nlh.

. J..A. BEATTIE, Ed itor . J. D. B ishop, Busi ness Manager.

Eut£•rcrl 11L tile J)ostoflh:c nt 1-'e ru, n,l> tn nilrtUILl,: r.

Terqt s, 50 ce nt s a year.

Of te n th at w hi c; h is hx_ :, pe o ple or by a comm uni ty is detc t·m in ed by so me co ncli tinn. Freq uen tly th at w hi ch ts of one peo pl e, or or one co mmunit y, is t ru e of ano lh c· •· with the of a clement prc!;c nt or \va ntin g. Th e rr ese n ce or alJscn ce of th at one _.; lcf!Jcn t may •·eq ui rc a cha n gc to be m: Jd l' in lifc or the co m mu ni ty or peoAs is true of a pcPplc a w ho le, it may be lnte of th t: age ncies fot· the e rJ uca,tion of a nd yout h. Th at whi ch or ou ght not to he do n e, in sc h oo l m ay b e· d cter mi ncd by th at wh ich th e: fr om w hi ch the ch ild re n co me. by the charac tc •· of th e S un day Sc h oo l th ey a ttcNI. by the tone of the d lltreh life in_ wp /; se , atmu s ph crc they arc. by the hoo ks an d p ape rs th ey r ea d, or by th e ir compa n ions d ur in g the ho un; of pl ay.

A ll _ that is in any of th i ngs to sec ure the acce p ta n ce of wlwl to cal l at tentio n to th<:m. As th e th ings named may d dc nni nc wh at may or mny not be n eeded in the sc h oo l in a nv gi V<·n commu n ity. m any otlwt· thin gs not so ccn ancl n ot so r ead i ly understood. dct e t· min c, o t· at least h elp to rl etc t·mi n c, th e subject malte •· and the e ltan• clc t· of the in st ru c ti on.

The fon: going gt·nct ·:d :- ta lt' lll t' nt:- IHl\'e hcen m:uk th : tt wt· m:•y g t· t l11.: fnn· the mine! one rlehnitt· thing whid 1 the gr·ow in ;! co nd ition in ..... k:l. :t:- w ell :•s in ot her i-. fntTing upon Lltt' :lltc.:n tio n of the pe o pl e : tnd l'S JH.T i:tl ly nf t<: :tcht rl' . Th is i.the nc<:d of i n-.trut·tion in the of m:tnual tr:t inin g.

\\' hy llwn: :t nt·ccl fo t· Slll'h traini ng?

\\ h :tL i:- m:tnn : tl u ·n in in g?

Th<: n et·d :t t·i-.t:s pt illl :t t·ily hcc: tu sc m any p cop k· in :- t:t tt· :1 1T n ot so:-itu:ned th ut tht·y c :tn tht· tr :ti nin g thl'Y m •trl for li fe's eve n· cl:1 ,. :d l": •i•·s. with whi ch a ll arc more or le:- :- con n tT ll.:d, wit ho ut the inst r uction of th <: s •· h oo ls.

\\'hrtL do we me: tn hy n wnu:d tnt in ing nne! why is such lr :t in ing need e d, lc:l\·ing out of the qu es t io n fi>1· a mo me nt t he ngcn ey l>y w hi ch it il' to he nc co tup lishecl?

Th e JIII I'JH>s t·s of m: 111s lift: n ncl the co nrliti ons of hi s :1nrl st tcccss : tn.: the gc nct·a l :t n swe t·. Th en .: is ::-1 ph ys ica l fot· life. Th e life hm; i ts sc at in :1 ph pic11 l

Life ma n ifes ts t hnJU gh n ot·g-n ni sm (tncl it ncc o mp li sh cs lh:s igns by m eans of th e b ody :t nd pn r ls in th e sa me w ay th at n m:tehinc gi ves di•·cction to fot·ccn nd it to the point dcs i•·cd. There is as we a ll kn ow a ph y·:ical we ll a psyc hi ca l sick to life [ l!HI the affa i n; of li fe. T41i s c all s for the cl c\'{·1op ment [ tncl tn tinin g of th e eye to sec n ot on ly the b ea u ty th LTC is in the wo dr1, but to the us eful in dai ly d oing a nd ex pe ri en ce, the e[J r to hea t· n ot o nl y the no tcs of ha rm on y in na ture, h ut also to rl isc ovc t· th'e hel pfu l in li fe' sst n1 ggle aq d ha nd to such in move m ent and such in ac ti on and ac cu r ncy, th nt the ma n ot· the wo mnn m ay be of the most Ya lu c to t lw 'vvo .-lrl ln so me pt·imi ti Yc ci ,·i li ;wtion is uot cliffet·c nt ft ·om a more ach ·n nc cd. Th e dc m nncl fot· food and cl oth in g, for light nn rl war mth, fo t· s hell ct· an cl compnnis the same.

T he kind of food nee d ed . the (jttalily of

TilE :-;r \ TE

cl n:thing : tnd till: :-tyk l.' tnploy •.:d the \\'l:il'h li :.!lll and \\'arm th an.· "<:cured tltt· of tltc material"

Ul'l' cl fo 1· :-:h..: l te t· :t nd lll il liiii.T in \\'hi c lt the :-trlll'Ltn·..::-: :t rt.'I.' J'L'ctt·d. tht· tll lln h..: r n nd mlnt;tl :t nd t11• 1r:d c: n ncli tio n of Lltl' Ct'lll-

SCIIOllL :\lES'E:\GE I< . l ') -<

of Sympathy.

\' C. A. panio n :-: an: m:tlll·t·:- which :t!!<.:, ·om- • .J. munity ot· H:tg<.: 11 f \· ili za tinn ca;w<;t ck- • Rt.: ·oil-ed. thnt \\'1.", Jhe of the \\'ttER c.\:". It the of n ur l knn nly F:tthe r to rem oYe from hi s hom t• :\It·. Oill nn. f:tthcr of Bmth er Dill on 1 be 1 t

l(Tntinc.: I k nc..: the ski ll of hand w hi ch h an: b ee n :tl l th nt n: quin·d :tt :t g i\'l' ll (li.Ti od. the ck xlc t·it \' of the: hll,t.:tT s, :t nd th1.· in tdli.!.!·l·nt·c· of th e i;tdi\·iclu;tl man nt· wom: tn. nt·e not th at whidt <J t'l' ll l'l'Ckd now and t hat fot· t hl· Llw t \\' h:t tt.: n:t· j,.: : tli\' 1.' and : til \\'hich h:t n: to de.) \\'ith a nd t: h: tn gi ng t:O tHiitions ta ke.: into th l· <tcco unt tile :-:ut gc of de n:lopmt. nt nnd th e Il l' \\" co nrliti ons a:-: the\· ::u·i::;e.

In the se ti on s. thl· sc h oo l. ··Jne of the six gt·e:tt ilg'l'llC i C:-: o f' th e h11rnan 1·ace it s 0\\' 11 i mp t·o,-em..·nt , in for it s of th..: ,·cspo n:-:ihili ty n nd with thcdem:tnd st: tndin g at it :-: d oo t· :dl the t im e to n dnpt it s<: lf <t nd i t:-: ,-hn hods. i ts ' . . lu 1.11 of s tudy . a nd the t 111 a ttct· of it s instn tct inn to th <: dnv a nd co ncliti on s. n nd espl'L'i:d ly p1:esent t dls us we mu st pn·pare in the Then: wil l not co me n time in th e·life of ' t h<: human J' Hce wlt:n th e he ad. hancl and th (· IH.'<I J't will n ot be requit-ed in wo d<ing- out th e· pttr poscs fo1· w hi ch eac h gi \'c: n '' ht·;Id, is in po:-:ession of h an ds a nrl is c.: nd o\vc cl with a h e;Ht ' Yea. the hi gher :t ncl the mo,·e com ple x nttt·'civ ili zation, th e mo re c;uc ful wi ll .. we lw vet;) he in t he ecluc·n ti on of th e head to . s ui t the dcmancls of hnnrl a ncl he art. of. the h[lnd to m eet the rcqu irem e•lts ·of the b <:::t d ancl h ea t·t. nnd the, h en 1·t to sui.t th e n el·ess i ti c:; of the hcnd nn cl han d: ., .;}.

\V c: CJ f tc n I Hl\'1.' ·c ::tf],.. fo 1· t enl'ltc:n:: as a rul e: th ese f m· n•h (' n tht•t'l." is hut '! it I] ,. timl· tn ..:or n·sponrl . lf thc> sc who h:t IJ ll' ll tccl will k· c 1, u :-: ,.( thv it · :cddn·•·:j'<.'s. \\'l' lll:t \· 1, :t i tle t.• nid I 1. 1 111 h.-.,..- \' l '<t lb ,,;Il l '.

Y ou ng Chri st iun of t l1 c ' ' S.ta tl' :\onnal. ..:x te nd to Brot he'r J. C. Dill on o u1· heartfelt sym pnthy fo1· him in hi s bcn.':t\'e mcn t. n nd in\'Ok<' the blessing of God upo n him in his i'O JTO \\' And be it fm·thet·

Res oh ·ed, thn t n co pv of th ei-'l' i 1 tion , be st·nt to o ur bcrc:l\'cd b1·othe,·, nnd : ll sn t h[t t copies be s pread up on therel·ords of t'hi s Association. ::tnd in se r te d in Hre col-· ·' un _in,:; of The i\lcssengcr

1\ A. Br:=-GTSO N, ) : ,,. E. i\J. FI1' HI.\N, (Com. 0. M. \VADD,E L ,L J

W n EH F. AS, Go d in hi s providence h as see n fit t<J ca ll to hi s fina l the c t· of o ur fell ow d nss mate , J. C. Dill 9n. t herefore be it

R eso h-ed, That we t he member;; of t he C ln ss ou1· s incere sy mpnthy to o ur n nd he it f\11'th e ,·

· R cso h ·cd :· Th n t a'· copy _t h ese n :so lutions he fil ed ;vith th e. of the d ass : al so th at he pubin the 1 OJ"m !)1t Schoo l M esse n ge r a nd the Pe nt Poi'riter. n nd n copy sent to o ur da ssmntc:. I

M AHIO:"< F. J. W. M ILL ER. Com. • I \V . \V . B t'CK l.E\' ,

N. R - Th e :'olo rm nJ.Sc h ool to keep the p•-cse JJ t addre ss of t:nc h om· \v f1 q h ns been gTrtduntl'cl It n gt·e<ttlfnvor if any Olll' kno\\'ill .!!.' of 1111 n.dc.lrr ss 'whi ch ha s bee;1 c hnJJ :.••·d :-: in <'<' ln :;.t ,lnn l' would ·.gi\·c us the l'UITl."l' l :t ddr <'SS. ,· \V l· II Cl•d C'o ne ..:l in n" nnt nnl .' l'nr Th (' hut :1 ! ,.: 11 ,;, ,. th e Al ut11 11i pa ge:-: 1>fth e cnta log uc.

9/orma/ cJchool 0irectory.

E\'EI!E'I"f. Y. C •.\.

Art hur jam cs .... . ................................. Pres ident

Co ra W il son Vice Presi clcnt

Sa id ec Ol ve r Rccording Secretary

Bessie Abrams Corrcsponding Sec r eta ry

Frank Cu rlc y Trcasurer J. \\' ..\Jil leL ......................... .. ............. Prc sident

Leca Mark CJ"itie

I I. L. Ba t·rick ............................... Vice President G. A. 131akcly Sccretnry A. G. Lu esc hcn Treasurer 0. -W. Wad d cl l. Co rrcs pond in g Secreta ry

\Vm. Jam cs Scrgca n t-at- Arm s l<uth ll a rris Prcs idcnt

Pearl Petit L ibrarian Be ss ie Fi s her Vice Pres ident

WELLI !-<GTO:-I IA !-<. ·'

Ju lia Pi.ttam , Pre s i<lcnt

An na .Nickc rch cr Vice P1·esid c nt

Kate Barncs Rccord in g Secrctu ry

Pearl S tevcn son Con·csponding Sec r eta ry

Kate \Vccd Rcc.ording Secreta ry N. A. Bcngt so n Cor r cspo ndin g Secretary ::vl innic Oste nbcq:;- Trcusurer H att ie F in k Librnriun

C. E. Humphrcy ........................................ Critic CI CEHONIAK. ' .... :........ .. ...... ... ........... Treasu rer

J. A. Reynol ds .' .' : Ser gca n t- a t-Arm s

LaVinia Nelson ........ ...... ....... .............. ... .. .Critic

A. G. Lucsch cn .................. ........ .......... Prcsidcnt

Cla rk Mi tc hc ll. Vicc Pr es ident Frank Cu rl ey Sec re tary Y. \V. C. A

E. M. Fithia n ............. ... ............. .. .. .. ... Trcasurer ..,, A: park

.......... ... President

Addie D. Dean Vice President AT I-1£:'-0 IAN Bert ha B ulla Prcside nt

Clara A. Dean Recordi ng Secretary Ne ll ie 1-Iorn Vicc President Co ra Hii i. Corre s po nding Secretary Edna Mitto n ..... .... . .. ........... , .......... .... TJ·casurcr

Winnie Bell. ......................... .. ..............Secret ary 1\.fyrt!c Dewey Critic

normal School ;:acuity.

J. A. BEATTIE , LL.D., Prcsidcnt, Ethics, Educat ion a nd Pedagogy t:n .LIAN Q. S'£0:'-0ER, .: Preccptre ss J. L. SHE J.no:s , B. s Natura l History

H I£RIIE HT u. s., • P hys ic al Sc ience

E. A. \oVHITEKACK, A. u., Ge nn an F. 1-Iosi c, Eng li sh Language and Literature

:\1AT' fiE CooK E LLIS, History an d Geogra ph y .J. !vi. Ho \VIE, A. n., .. . .. .. ... .. ......... .. .................... ....... .......... .. Mat he tn atics

EsTI-JEH A. CLARK, A. L at in Lan gu age an d

A:s:-oE Nl. Gos HEK, ....................... Su p eri nt c ncl ent o fTr ain in g Department

L. W. FIKE, A. Psycho l ogy a nd Pedagogy :\ l An A· L. FEHG USO:-< , ............................................ At;thm e ti c a nd Al geb ra

GEOHGL' N. !'ORTER, A. 11., Engl ish Langnage a nd Literature

PEAH L S. KELLEY, ......................................... Primary and Criti c Teache r LoviSE \V .MEARS, I n term ediatc a nd Crit ic Teacher

LOU' E. ............. .. .................. ... Kinc'lcrga l·tcn and C ritic Teacher

DA ILY, ... : .......... .. .... . ......... ... .. .. ................... Read in g n ncl El oc uti on HE:-;Rv H BAGG A. H., , Drawing and Painting . . ' \' I i\ 1 . \:LA :VI. SA:-oiiE RS,.... .. ............................................................ ' OCa !' ustc :\ll. ........ .. .................... . .... . ..... .. :....... ...... In s tnltllental :Vlu sic EL''·' E.

Stat¢ normal summ¢r Stbool.

Term , June 8 to Augus t 2, 1900.

Enrollment , Friday and Saturday , June 8 and 9; 1900.

Organization completed and recitations and lectures begin Monday, Jime 1 1. '

Classes in all the common branches.

Special classes in nearly all the branches of study offered during the Normal School year.

Tuition free. Only the registration fee specified by law is required.

The work of the Summer School is done by the regular teacher s of the Normal School Faculty.

Full and detailed announcements will be made in a short ti me, by means of a circular and in The Messenger.

Inforrn;ation, fu 11 and free , can be had by writing to the President , .J. A. BEATT IE, Peru . N ebraska.

CHEMICAL TORY.

BIOLOGICAL LABOR A TORY.

SOLUTION OF '"

Co1lllu c tc:rl hy .f. .H // o 11 ·ic. Pro li.•.-;s or u{ Jl:nlwm ntic.<:, ,\.ebrns kn tntc Vo rm al. .\ h:ITII.\11-:TIL'

The so lu tions of th 1..• prohkm,- p roposed in th e:: !Jc<: c:tnhc:t· lltt lll hL·t· sh ou ld he given i ll this is sw.: of th1..· The :\lcs:'l..'llg'l..' t' hut in onh.- 1· lo ,!.!"I..'L t lt c.· wnt·k they we re gi ,·cn in t lt c: nutnbc:L Besides t. h o!"c givcll ill J :tt l U:t t·y nu m ber . to b ot h pt·o hlc: nt s we re frorn L. 1' . Tontt L· J·. :'\ i ohhll·_y. :--:chra!"l-:1. nntl \\' C. T tt ckct·, I' :iw n cc: City , :'\cbnu:lw. ', . \ I • (; E II .\ . 1.

Find x, _r. and x

So luti o ll ll\· An n:t A. St erlin g.

(1) x''-yz = l. 12)

(:·q z 2 -xy =:·l.

Suh ll·actin g (1) fn 11tl (2), or [.v-.x J( y-f-xJ+z[y- x) = I, ot· (4·) (y+x+zJly-xJ = l.

Su hu·act in g ( :l ) f nH II 13), 01" rz-y]iz + yJ+x l z-y) =1, {))" ( ii ) [y+x+z][z-s] -:- 1. (1) (3), z"'Tx 2 +yz- xy =2, or [z-xJl'\+xJ+y[z-y] = 2, or (GJ l.r-i- x+z]Lz-x) = :l. (7 ) 2(y +x+ z][z-y] = 2, nH dl ipl yi ng (5) by 2. L.:flme 1n bc1·s of(G) nn d (7) a 1·c e qu al to ea ch ot her )),· ax iwn ; !Rl l; +·x' .f. zH z-x] .= 2[y -l- x+ z][z-yj. Ot",c livi diug thro ugh by the co m1n on qu ant i ty, or x= 2y-z.

Suhstitutino- Y:1lue of x in. terms of ·.Y and z in (1 ). ( 1 0) I. (11) (12) ... Subst itu ti ng in (2),.., uh trncti ng,

( 11 ) [z-y)' = 2. 'l I • I z-y =2' ,• the sq. root, or (1 ::1 ; u bst itu tlng in (12 ) I • 1 lo 1.1 ,. 1 - I

p.q -3z(2']=- 7. or 3( , u bstituti ng the ,·aJue ofz in ( 13) we h a,·e ' y-1 ['>•] \" a lu es of y'and z in (9) we h nxe . ' I x =- H2•] I I l I] , '• Th en .

Us in .r the ,. m et h od these sa me m ay be 0 • ob ta ined if one ,·alue of '"is used, but hy us1ngthc ot lu;r ,·alu c ind eter mi nate rc,;ults nrc tn in crl.

•Thl' fr actional expo nent of 2 is nscd in proh1!' 111 in stead uf tbe rud icnl for the reason. j such lul\·in g bc('n orde r ed. cl id n olurnn· Ill ' ti me for· th is

G EO M ET RY

1. Desc ribe a ci rcle to pnss .throug h R gin·n J point and to uch two strnig ht li n es which arc n ot pa ra llel to each ,other. GL'page 179.) ·

I. Solu t,ion by H. A. An drrsr'n Elba

THE STA TE :--.:O J{M A L .\1 ESSE:-\GE I<.

AH aud HT an: tangents. Li sa poin t in the ci rcle whose cc ntcr is F. LK a nd LE an: p crptmdicu la•·s to th e tan ge nt s. L :--: is p er pendi cul ar to l.Vll, ·w hi ch is the cho•·d that co nn ec ts the points ·w here the tangen ts to uch the c ircl e. is a mean propo rtiona l be twee n LK and We wil l prove thi s: Angle EfL equal s angle L\1L (bot h intercepting sa me ar c) . Angle LE I e qu als a ngl e LN ::vt , equa ls !)0°. Tria ngl es LEI and LNM arc s imil ar, .·. L :\1: Ll :: L K: L E.

Angle KML equa ls angle :vl lL Angle equals LNT, e qu als 90°. Trianj!l cs LIC\ 1 ami • LNI are s imila.-. .·. LI :: LK: L N. li enee

I :K : LN :: LN : LE , or is a m ea n proporttonal be twee n LK a nd LE.

In the pr0h lem we kn ow LK a nd LE a nd a nd ca n find a mean propo rti onal between them by a ny of the us ual m et h ods I! a ving fou nd the leng th of L N, wi th L as a cente r a nd and LN as a ra diu s, d esc ri be a c ircle. To t hi s c ircl e draw a ta ngent w hi ch is pe rp e ndi c ul ar to the bi sector of the ang le fo rmed by the two give n l ines AH a nd TH, (tw o so luti ons poss ible ). Where t hi s ta n gent i ntersects the tw o given lin es w ill be t he points whe re th e required c ircle w ill touch the gi ve n lin es.

'Ve n ow h ave t hree po int s t hn mg h w hi ch the re quired c ircl e will p ass, a nd its cente •· ca n he fo und by the u sua l m et hod.

II. Solution by T. S. Rub ottom.

ton, Nebras k a.

Let AN a nd HT l?e g iven lin es not parall el, a nd E th e g iven point. Extend AN and HT t ill th ey meet as at F, a nd draw the bisector FZ Of th e angle t hu s fo rm e d. FZ will co nt a in the center of the required ci rcle fo t· AN a nd HT are to be tangents to it . Draw a pe rpcndicu la1· from E to FZ as EL. Extetd EL a nd l ay off Ll\·1 eq ual to EL. Then E:\1 is a ch ord of the circle. Extend EM t ill it c ut s one of the given lines as at I. Constru ct a me an proporti ona l b et w een the \'lthole secant MI and the external segment EI as I X. L ay oA· 1 X on the tangent HT and X is t he po int of t an ge n cy, a nd X E is a seco nd cho rd of th e c ircle. Draw a peq )e ncli cul at· bi secto r of the chord XE cutt in g FZ at K. Then K is the 1·erluired cente r of the c ircle.

Ill. So lu tion l )y J . .\1. ll nwic.

L et AE and AF l1 c the given li ne s. Bisect the a ngl e A. Con n ec l the po in ts A nnd :\f. Fr om an y po int in the IJi scc lo t· of the nngk, ns l\ , drop a pcrpe1tdicul ar to AF \ Vit h N as u cenle•· and a radiu s dcscr·ih e an arc cu ttin g

A :\1 at K. Dmw Dmw i\ 11 pnrnll el to KK Draw IT perpen di cular to AF Si nce lhc tri a ngles I TA and N LA arc s imil nr,

I T: .JL :: IA : N A. Also si nce the trinngles and NKA arc s intil<u-, LVI : NK :: IA : NA ; . . IT : NL :: I:\1 : NK, o •· by a ltern a ti on.

IT: IM :: N L: N K. Si n ce NL equ als NK. 11' eq uals I :\1 and I th e ce nt er of the required c ircl e, IT (e quals L'vl) being the r ad iu s. (As the c ircle. wh ose cente r is N, will intersect A :VI in two po in ts, thet·e w ill he two so lu tion s.)

FOR SOL U TION.

A 1<1"1'11 ;\I ETIC

5. Prop ose d by L. P. Tonner, Nioh n1 t·n .

T hre e men huy a g rind sto n e, eac h p ay in g nn eq ual sha re. The g rind stone is 18 in c hes in diame ter a nd ha s a hole two inches S< !tt are in the ce n te r. L ate r t he men qu a rrel ove r the stone, and decide to di sso l ve partnership as follow s: Th e o ld est of the t hree is to u se it until he hn s gro und o ff hi s %, then the n ex t oldest is to g rind off hi s V3 , an d the yo un gest is to h ave the remainder. How far clown shall th e o ldest g rind ? From the t·e h ovv far down sh a ll the n ex t g rind ? What will be the di ame ter of the re ma ind er?

6. Proposed by F. M. Priest, in Ameriican Mathem ati cal Mo nthly.

A Quaker on ce, we u nd ct·s ta nd , Fot· his three sons la id off hi s la nd, And ma de thre e e qua l circle s meet, • So as to ho und an acre neat.

Now iu the cente r of U1c ac•·c

Wa s fc-.nnd the dwelling oft he Quaker; In centers of the circles round

A dwellin g fot· e ach son \Yas found.

Now ca n you tell by s kill or art

H ow many t·od :< th c_v l iYe cl ap a .-t ?

\t. l:EJIH .\.

?.. hy 1. \\·. Fik\.' , Pr of Psyc hol ogy . k

Find th e value of :s and y in the fo ll o wingcctu a ti on s: x 2 - l-y = 7. x-1- y' = ll.

4. Propo se d by Cl iHot·d Catlin, Peru .

There is :1 n i !4 l nnd 1 ;) mih:s in c ircu m fere n ce und four men s tart tog<:t h er to trn,·el aro un d it g ning- the l':Jnte way. A g-oes -+ mil es pe t· ho ur , B 5 mil el<, C ti D 7 miles. H ow far wi ll each travel befo r·e thev n il m eet ngni n nt the p oi nt fn111 1 wh ic h sta r ted?

r.EO:'IIETRY

•k Co n str u ct n tt·ia ng le hn\"ing g-i ,·en the midd le po in ts nf its s id es.

5. The ore m. If on t he le gs of a right trin ngle, as diam ctcn;, se micircl es arc desc ri bed external to the tr iang le , and front the wh ole figut·e n s ernicit·elc on the hyp ote nu se is suht r at·t-

cd, the rema ind er is equi va lent to the f!'iven trianglc

:'IJISCE LL.\ =--Enl' S.

2. Hrwing at a ce r tain (unkn o wn} distance taken t hc angle of eleva tion of a steeple, I ad\"t\Ilcc d 60 ya rds nea rer on level gro und , .a nd then ob sen•ed the angle of elevatio n to be the comp leme nt of the former. Advanc in g 20 ya rd s sti ll nearer, the angle of elevatio n now appeared to be just double the first. Required the a lti tu de of the s teeple. (L oom is' Trigonom etry. p age 1 -l-S.}

(Th ough the above pro blem is g i,·en in n lot ol miscell a ne ous tri go no me t ry problems yet it may be soh·ed entirely hy gc-o mctry . -H .]

So lu tions to th ese problems sho uld be se nt to J. M. Ho wie , not later than April fi t•!' t.

News ·· and Locals.

,,

Di d you g<:t a s lei gh r id e?

Rc s ure and at.tc·ncl the Cict·hm i:1n cc,> n.:!-

Miss H aw lcv of Bm t'l< fri Ji tcl s 111 ,. - I Pc 1·u the fir s\: of the mo nth .' 1;.

Juli a S mith has hccn out of sc h oo l on m·co un t of siek n l·ss the past len cia vs.

Miss S hum nn. wh o h as b ee n ::-: ick fo t· S<: \ 'et·al is n o\\' ab le to ta ke up hc t· \\'O t'k.

Cora l White, '9 9 Kind ct-garten. wns clown fmm Nebms lw. Ci tY to h ea t· rvJ ,.. Cro f t' s lec tt1rc.

:\-lis s H at ti e a nd Miss \' e t·don wct·c vi sit in g Mi ss Sent ::; and the :\o rm al lo t· se veral da vs.

•.'1-

Mrs D. H. Go o dr ich. (M is s At·:thcll n BcHls, ' HH) w t·i tcs in relation to The Mcss t: ng<·t· an d se nds good wonh; for it .

•;J.

The Ciccr on ians ha vc [I tTan gc d. fo t· :t jo int ck l mte with the Donne Coll e ge· d eha lin g c lub lo take pln cc ah oul the fin:t of May. :\ I i ss \I : 1lt n rH:\' h:t s hl'l' ll ,-is iling :tl ftL'r hom e: in I

:\ I :t n \' 0 I d s l II rl (.' 11 l s night. of th e: Ox fords

' \\T IT )JI 'l'SC ll l the (,,1 'I • I .J.., fl h_i_ll i of ,\ \1 :1l'n'i,i.. Ill i rt d1_s. 1 is :1 late :tl'l'iv: tl at th e· Do nni to t·y.

0. \V. \} an:t, V it ·gi l Gn n-:l Guy ll nrris atlc· nrkcl llt ·. Ct·of't's h: l' tllt -c.: o n.Janu nr_v 2()t h.

iVI iss [3J ac k w <> o rl t'l'Cl' i :t s h o l'l \' isit ft·o m h l· t· f:t t h c.: t·, J. T. il l nl' k woo d, of Ed i· son, Nc.: hntsk :t.

The Ox fon l C lnh were m et ll\· n cn"vrLd hou se, a nd n:l'l'ivcd gc nenlUS apirr-;:1; h:c Sl'\ 'cn tl pnt·t::- pt·l's(·n tc cl . .JI.

A numb c.: t· of yo un g IHcli cs t·ccc ntly spe nt a V('t'_Y p le a sa 11 t eve nin g at lhc t'00111 of Mi ss Stl'bhins in hon.H· of Nii ss Rcv nold's bi t·L h d:ty.

A 111 ong fo r·ml·t· stu clcn ts () x fo nl C lu h c n tt'l' t :t i 11111l' n t Cu nl', J. \ ¥. T:1vlor.

attcn din« the b we t·(.' v\'. D. i\kM Etl:t

Fis h<:r. Eiscnmnnn , : 1n tl :\ntlll E. C r ii H>, ._.

P n>f. g: t n: a t: llk h d"on· th eY. ) 1. C .. \. F1: hnt : tt"\" 1..:.:.

Prof. ll n !-: il· wa!" c tiJ..: d J an :10 hy r eason of Lh l• ck: tth of : til :tllll t.

:\ lis !-: :\ f;tt·,· Lvw1 w:t !" .._·n m pel k- <1 to retu rn hntll l" 011 :t n·•Htt tl nf !"idu1c!":::.

Susie Buck h.:,· h:t !" t'd ut·n cd tn her· ho me in L yo ns, ;'\ c ht ·rt !-: k <t whvt"l' ::: hl· cxpe<:t ::: to t l·aeh.

:\ li sses L>: t vi !" : tud Beattie. and P rof. Hosie 'y en.· in Li nc o ln to :1 tt cn rl the J'n cl <: t"<:W sk i l' O I\Cl'l "t

So ph ie Els as s<: •· lws gu nl' to hct· home in O maha on :.1 ccn nn t o fillnc s!". She to n:t un 1 fo 1· t lt c sp t·iu g tet·n1.

J. C. Di ll on of the Se co nd Yc at· cla ss hcen out of sc hool mu ch nf l ate ow i ng to hi s o wn sicknc !" s and the ::: ick ncss and tl cat h of hi s fa th ct·.

It is a ma tte •· of regt·et to. n il who ca me to kn ow. him th at G. 'A. Blakeley le ave s schoo l. He wi ll take a tw o ve a n:;' course in tr ain in g in a C hi cn go h o!"p i ta l.

Daisy Dean, teac hin g at Jo hn son. hns heen ve ry sick with ty ph o id fe ve t· now for man y weeks. He•· sis te 1·, Ad di e De an, has b ee n co mp e ll ed to Jc a,·c sch oo l to ca t·c for het·.

Este ll e Gt·al,;tm, '95 . and Miss Wo t·ley ga ve a r ec it al at Su tt on, Jan. 23, whct-c E. E. Sams -i s supe ri nt e nd e nt Mi ss Graham h as fill ed s eve nctl en gage men ts t hi s vvintet· one of w hid1 wa s at Ft·ic nd

:\l r:; .JohnJ ac k (i\ht udc Bnc ku s) o f\Vyll iOn' died Jan. 30 In te rment w ns made in :\I t. \"l·rn on C<•nwtt•n-

\\" .E ll is. of Em po1·in. Kan., nttcn dcd the fu ncrn l ofhcr sister, i\1r:; .Jack, re mai nin g O\"Cr a dnY with fr ie nd s.

A wo rd to u nck r gntd un t('S and pr osp ect ive tea chers -fit your selves for high sc h oo l tcnc hin g, and nw l< e ample preparati on.

:\1r s. :\fa ud e Berkley Bird sn ll , '91. inn let te r to Th e says: "l always enjoy 1·end in g it a nd t ru st thnt it m ny c ontinu c go od wo rk ."

On t he eve nin g of \V f! shingto n 's Bir t hdav Dr . Be at tie w ill give an a dd ress on M; ra l C ul t ure Necessa ry to Our Na tional De vel o pm ent. Th e lmn d will render npprnpri nte mu sic

H att ie Me t z, of Alm a, \.ho wa s here du ri n o- the fa ll t t• rm n nd hnd retu rn ed for "' the w in te r ter m w a!' called home on ncco nn t of the illn ess of her mother. Her m CJt hcr di ed Jn nunr y 24 th. Miss Me tz w il l uot be able to ret urn to s ch oo l t hi s vcar.

Hon. B. E. B. Kenn cdv who wR s so long a member of the Bo ard Edu cation of the No rm al schoo l, in :1 let t er r el a ti ng to Th e M ess en ge r, sa ys th e fo ll ow ing of the No rmal Sch oo l: "It is pleas an t to know t he sc hool is st ill grow in g in num bers as we ll as in the exce ll ence 0f its curr icul um and strength ofi ts teach in g for ce Th ere is no r easo n why this sc h oo l m ay n ot ri va l th e best normnl sch o<. l in o ut· co unt1·y; not exc ept in g Os wego

The P hil o soc iety wi ll give a pl:ty cntitlld "Le ft 1n Char ge" the 24-th for a pi ano fund.

Dr. Bea tti e and Miss M ears prog ram of th e Panne r s' jo hn so n, Fe hnwr y k a nd ! l.

were (J rt tla L· In stit ut e at

A let t(· r fr om Prof H. 11 IJun L': an s •>t l w;ts r ece i ve d a few days ngo. I lc is enjoy i ng hi s wo t·k and study in Ge t·man y.

Se c th e story of "O ld A ll c" the w:t r· <:: t gk· as to ld b): Lo ui se W. Mears in th e Fe bruary num be t· of Pri m::11·y E clu e:tlion.

A most li ve ly n nd inl en·sl in g rl c hrt ll· occurred bet w ee n the Cicc t·onian a nd At hen1n n d ehnt in g soc i etie s. Mcm hen; of th es e soc i eties e nj oy o pp ort uniti es fen· wcJrk 1Jf the hi gh es t va lu e to Vis it one of th ese soc ie ti es, and jo in in th e wo rk bein g don e.

l fStnte :'\o rm al its import ance to t he m se l ve s, th ey would k ee p Dr. B eatti e we ll in fo rmed of the ir wh er eabo ut s a nd of any d es ire of <.: hang <: of p os iti on. ) [any ca ll s for t eac het·s, p: ll·tic ulnr·ly th ose capa hle of do in:.r h igh sc h oo l wo rk and s t- ro ng in discipl in e, ca n no t h <: fill ed. Not i ce a par ag r ap h <: lsew h <.T<: co nce rnin g th is

/\ 11 r en ders of Th e Mcs:<c ll gc t· will he intc n .:s tc d in •·ending the a.-tid e by Pn 1f. J. M. ·It d ea ls wi th th e beginnin gs of th in gs of the No nn al Sc h oo l. We can app r cc ia tc m on: f ull y th e prese nt oppo l"tu ni ti cs by kn owing somethi ng of t he p ast tl iffi c ul ti cs. Pro f. h ns sn id that he w il l add some thin g m ot·c to th at w hi ch he gi \'C·n in the at·Lid e fn ll n cl in this issue.

• .\ mo!-.t happy :a nd t:t lk on the B oer·..; w: a.., l' rof. CO tll riln nion to chapl'i l'l'l'l' nth·.

.\l:a :-\c vi lk lt :1!- lt:t d with her !-.cve r·:tl d:ty!oo hl'l' :11 11 1 L. _I \Jrs. ll untingtnn , l ll> t lt of<) rn: \h :t.

fnr :1nd

Lin co ln pl : III S r.,,. :t ci ty "c h no l ne xt year. Steps It :a \ 'l' : al r'L' acly hL'c ll tnkc11 t ow:tn ls m: t ki ng it :I ll : ls s lln·cl f: tl' l.

Th t· fifLI 1 1111 rn l te r· 11 1 the r eg ul ar· lt.:c tu rc co u1 ·se w: ts IJ ,· \Vilh L' t' Ct·ofts of B<>sto n. I lis s 11 hjce t w:ts " Tl u: Kin g-do m ll c;auti fu l ," :t them e hy nn o lcl lcgl' IHl of : all ex ile d pr·ill ce \\' hO Lur n <: ci hi s ha rTcn va ll ey of ex ill: int o a be autifu l gn rclcn of pa t·: ad i s<.·.

Miss .-\ n st ine, who wi ll be rcmc tnb <.' red by the s tud ent s hen: las t yc:tt', is now in th(' Sta te C n i v cn; i ty Shl· to uk pn t·t in the deba tin g l·o ntcst n few w n·ks ago and is one of the ll lllllh <: l' s l'le <.: tcd to r <: prcse nll hl• C ni Yc t·si ty in t he co nt es t with tl:<: univ ersities of Co l m·a do, K:tn sns a nd Mi ssout·i.

To , ·e n· m:tny •·eacl eJ·s of Th e Nl ess cn gl' r. fon11ct· s tucl ents n n d tl·achcrs of the Stille No rm al Scho ol : ts wel l as th ose n ow wi th u s. th e d ea th of Re v. B. l:kdc ll, of th e Hapti st ch ut-c h, on the 11 th inst ant, comts with the sh ock of :1 pen.;n nal l oss .1 For n cn rly sev en tee n ye at·s he h as co me :and gone um ong thi s pe oplt: , n il of which ti me his int ct·cst in sc h oo l l ife nn cl his pa rti ci pati on in ::t il th at in st ru cte d and i nAu t: n ccrlt o righ teo us li v in g wa s kn ow n a nd felt C\ 'C ll bY th os e who did not co me to k now h im int im ate l y. l li spn.:s...: n ceaswc ll be spok e- th l' m: an of (;o d. In h is d c:a th sc h oo l nnd cnm mllni ty c hu tT h :1 11<1 socil·ty. su!T(: r :\ gn c•d lll:t lo h ns go n <:

Xo t.L· tlu: '-·ditot·i:d in tho: X'-·h ra ::ka T\.·a'-·hcr fm- F eh nt:11·y 11 11 :1 blc artidc 1)\· the l' clitor· of lh'-· L :H ii e< l lnnH· .J n urn :d.-

Xew York city is ttl han: r:lp id u·ansit unc.hTgt·ound Co n t 1·: ct:< h:1 \'C been let whereby fot· $:-1.), (H)(l tH Hl il i:-:cxpcdcd that w i l hi n fo ut · Y'-': tt ·:-: c x pt ess u·a ins run b" elcclri c il y :tl hi).!h spe'-·d w ill go from- Ci l\' ll a ll not·thwnnl fot· t hir teen n ncl o ne-hair mi le s, m o:-:l uf th o: w:ty th t·ou g- h tunne l:-:. \V ot·k w ill he b eg un :tl unn·.

C hi cago clt ·a i n agc en n al is co m plelctl; S tmpl on tunn el. l ongest in the wo rld (12.4· mile :-:) is un cle ,· Ht the rate of l (i f<:cl : tnd 111on.• a d n\' nnd mu :"L he co mpleted within a und c 1· hen v .r penni ties; tIt e Si heri an rn iI \\':1" wi 11 be comp k tc cl in the opcning mo nth s t;f the n ew ce nlut ·y; and the N ic a ra gua ca nal l'll:t:-: s um es dl'f·initc under·takings all.

.:J.

The funet ·td of l{cv . Bedell was he ld in the Bapti st Chu 1·ch, Fcb1·uary 1 3. Th e se nn on w as pr cnc h\. cl by Rev. Newe ll of Prai1·ie U ni on, a nd rema1·ks were on th e l ife a nd cha ra cte r of t he d eceased bv Beattie and Rev. R oc kwo od. A sto n of and many :\ tca t·-stain ccl face betokened th e k·cl of l oss su sta in (•d by t he co mmuni ty. lnt c n11ent w as at JV1t. Vern on ce m ete r y.

Reception.

Th e m ost. delightful socia l e\'e nt of the yert t' occu r re d F1·ic.lay evening, Fc bnwn· 9 wbcn Pt·of. and Mt·s. vVhitcnack ope-n eci the door s of theit· home to a pa 1·ty of fri e nd s.

On an·i,·ing the g ue sts were g 1·eeted bv t hr: odo 1· of <tnd ,-iokts, \\'hich Ct s dccontle d Lhc •·noms a nd ,·cfr csh mc n1 table s. Pt·of. \\'hit cnac k ush ere d th <.:

guests in to the parlors wh ere t ht:\' \\'t're by :\I rs. \ \'hi te nack a nd i\li.ss E lli s both of' whom were arra\'cd in whi te dre::ses which ad d ed gr eatly to the spri n gtim!.! 1.'11\:ct prod u ced by the pr•>fusion of fl o wcr:;. :\ del icious rl'pn st wa s se n·cd from c hina suflieie ntly d<tin ty to gladd en the femi ni ne *• and ga m es and mu sic were afterw:t rd s in d ulged in All r egretted dep a rtiJtg wh en th e bournrt;\'ed.a nd went away \'Oling hliss Elli s. Prof. an d :\Irs. \Vhit ennck ,·oyal en terta in ers.

The guest· w ere: :\li sses Sto n er, Fe rguso n. D<n·is. \\'illi am s, Gos hen. anders, Kcllq·. i\l ea r s, Clar k. H os m er, Rul on. Beat ti e, Da ily , a nd i\lessrs. Po r te r a nd S held on.

R esol utions of Sym pa th y.

\ '\ HE REA S, Dea th has ta ken fro m this commu ui ty one who for man y years h as go ne in and o ut among us. intere ste d a nd he lpful in n il that wa s done to promote c ultun.• 'of mincl a nd of hea rt.

Rc so h-ed, That in the de<tth of Rev. B. Bede ll , we, ns the fac ul ty of the State Normal Sc h oo l recognize; loss of one whose i nflu ence in wo rd a nd life has ever bee n a power for C hri stian manh ood wo ma nh oo d in o ur s tudent b ody.

R eso ft red, That feding thi s loss in bot h sc h oo l nnd co mmunit y. we are no t forgetfu l of tho se to w hom hi s d epa rture th e bt·cnki ng of clearer t ics . To them o ur sy mpath y goes out in full es t meas ure.

Re so h-cd , That o ur tri bute of re spect lot· a life so fu ll of se n·ice a nd of t he fruit s of the Sp iri t, nnd this express ion <• f o ur sy mpathy w ith the bcrNl\'ed fam ily to wh om hi s life is n ow an h oly memory. be printed in Th e Messt·n gec and a copy se nt to t he family of th e dceenscd.

Co m.

fH . BHO\\':'\E LL '\ LonsE \V MEAns l:\1A1'TIE

Yo ur F ri end and Photogra ph e r, m. 6. Is doing nnw for him sdf, IN AUBURN,

And so li ci ts yo u1· kind pau·o nngc. I will al ways pl ease th e [ when the' entrust the ir f<t ccs Lo my You a rc al ways

MOR E TH AN WEL CO ME

To ca ll a nd sec me when in out· c it\•. . -

Paints

, O ils and Brushes . PERU, NEB RASKA .

SECOND

Conducted by th e Ftlculty.

resented to Col l ege by • N, Br owne II

N01110NS,

HON. CEO. P. BEMIS, Omaha's oldest and best known ;:j g.gJ· aZ Estate dealer and negotiator of loans wrltes: - "Having known of C::iE s ome remarkable of Omaha people effected by the use of (o !" _ - ,= : bD

Dr. Kay 's Renovator and Dr. Kay's Lung Balm; I tatte pleasure 1° <' 8 ,.. In cq_mmending the virtues of the remedies prepared by the Dr. '" E. J. Kay Medical Co. I believe these great remedies are wort hy !<l)l<"' m(!) Qe (/) _ ofthecon fl denceofthe public." Dr. Ka :v 's P.e novato r th or oug h i,\' jO (" co t he cons tlp<Ltiou . e . _. .. C Lt,LLI h. Of 1n d 1ge st10n; pal pitatiOn Of he art, biliOUS he adach£! , jo r c£ : ai bowel,ltve i:. andkul ne ycomplamts. = a_nrl. th ey will se nd yo u pe rsonal Free Advice, Free Sample of mcd i- 1<-

a: g i.:.08. u.lra .. t0 cme and Free Book on home trea tme nt of dise ases.

K ' - R · r. ·ay s _enovator. "'- :-. ..I ., It cured George W. Hervey, Ed1tor of Omaha's great weekl v P.. 8 Gl World-Herald of a te rrible Stomach Trouble of many yeal'l:l st u.nd· <' o g_::. -8 ?i 8:E <'

;; .;! V#

S

C"

ing afte r the three best physicians in th e state , had failed . C"

, He \vrl tes; - "For ye ars I was trou bled wiL h Ind igestion so severe ns to make It im- C" .c cn t-.c .:: ;:; <" t poss ible to take more than two meals 'a da y withou t inte nse Mulieri ng. I grew wo rse UJP ..., fl with !D c reas ed pain and soreness over t he pit or my stomac h and sharp pains in my OHi-e, .........._ o'g ... • <' P Hon. Ceo. P. Bemis, r ight s ide which r nptdly in creasE-d unttl l cou ld scar cely get my breath. A phy s ic ian >< Oma ha's lll os t Popula r Mayor was ca lled and hypode r mic in j ect ions or morphin e r esorted to. I los t twenty-two >H ;; cu lD pounds in n ine d ays and was le ft wholly una ble to ta ke any nouris hm ent . I wasgctt ing 0 c .c fl-o . C' 0 ncurc r and nearer to a fin al collapse I trie d three cf t he !Jes t p hys ic ians in th e St ate but they failed. to give me relief. Ha vin g <' ct <=."" og '- ' C" ut wrly full ed to obta in r elie f. I fi naly made arrangements to go to Chicago to be tr!_! ated when I chanced to 11et a sample packa ge or C"

':l 'g <;-:: o Or Kal 'll l tcnovaLOr. I was Induc ed to try it a nd before it was all used I had so Imp ro ved that I was taktng mea ls a d n.v

UJ =::!1 o 5-E 7. :... whic h h:.u.ln ot d one ron cars. lLIa ei g ht months sinc e I commen ced us ing Dr. Kay ·s Re novato r and I n -.w have t:o symptoms ?.!- C" UJ c: f-:::.::: " ::; .::l whui.O vcr or my old trouble. I recomm e nd ed it to n:any or my friends for stomac h trou ble and all have r epor.tcd relief." . 1l! C" .,g

Dr. Kay's Re novator, sold by for25cts. and $1.00 or s.ix for •. no o :. e.-:: • '0 -' c: " Lh r\' clai m Is "j ust ns good ." It has no equaL We wtll se nd any of our r emcdtcs by mat! on r ccetpt or pnc e, 11 t hey don t ha ve tt.. G) C. , :;j - .=.:: , GJ 5-.§C" <' · Or . Kay's Lung Balm cures all colds, coughs, lung and bronchial affections. Sold by druggists for - <" 10ce ntsa nd25cents,orsentbymailbyDR. B. J, KAY NiEDICAL CO., SARATOCASPRINCS,N.Y, E -:r.::? . ;o, o .o :J-" ro:t . .._ o.:: o :P !; L:. a

For sale by 0. D.

m Dry Goods, Gro-

as ceries,

m Boots and Shoes,

mHats and as Notions

and with SCH OOL BOA IWS. CO UNT\' SUPER IN TENDENTS. And others inte res ted in these mntters. Addn·:'s

mDry Goods, Gro · ce ries,

*Boots and Shoes, *Hats and Caps, .tl-

Notions

Qu eensware ,.$v,C

III.

PERU, NEBRASKA, MARCH, J900.

ENGLISH IN THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

Hy }. F. . .

WE co me togct hct·. I tn kc il , t0 t: tlk

ovc t· in :t nci gh bo l"ly \\':t_\' o ur work in En g i:--:h. Ccnni nl y there is yet tl C(·cl of s tudy nnd co nf'e t·cn c.:c, fot· he wo uld be a r n!:> h mnn who would dnim that hc had fou nd the of :til the probknt s of th e E ngli :--: h tcac h <.T. In the No nn al Sd10o l w<: ln l\·c, at kn st, [ til cxcL·Ilcn t op pot·tuni t_v fot· the s tud y of vr1t·io us ph ases of En g li sh l eac hin g, fot· clit·cct ly a nd indin •ct ly we come in l'Ontact wi th pu pi ls in fou t·lct·n co n :--:cc uti vl' years of :tclvn n ccmc n t, in l' ac h of w hi ch Eng li sh is tnugh t. O ut· pupil s. too, arc fr om vm·iou :--: pat·ts a nd hnn· ha d w id ely vary in g in :--:tn tc tion, so me nf it \"Cry goo d, nnd so me of it- \' et·y b:1d Th e put ·pos c of ou t· sc ho ol. of cou r se, cll•:-t dy rliff<: n: ntintc s ou t· work ft ·om th nt of a ll oth c t·s, and of ne cessi ty mnkc s pe rln gog ica l as p ects of :t il su bject s pt·o lllinl' nt . Eng li :--: h wit h the t·c:--: t. Th e young JWo pl c who co me to us ex pec t to teach ant.! he nce at·c lk s it·ou :--: of lca n1in g how as \\'t·ll ns w lw t. Th en, too, arc n·tttl'h nldet· thnn h ig h sch oo l s tud en ts and o fl en ha\·c had <·xpet;encc in i.each m g- , so that cvtn in the sa tn e n 1nttc t· n ut· \\'O t·k di ffl·rs from l hn t of tltl' hi gh se hou l in ht·eadth a!' we ll n:o; in mc lllllcl Add to t hi s o ut· hi ghct·cou rse, the fad th at

o ur ::; tndent!i arc se pnratccl fr om the clutics of home an d sol·inl env ir onment, th at thcv hrl\·e libran fa ci li ties, and that their gi Ye nttention to the one st_t bject, a nd yo u ha ve a se t of co ndition s w hich, ta ken a ll toget h er,!:ict it dearly apart fro m hi gh sc hoo l, co ll ege a nd nni\"C rs iry So \\'hat I mn y sny of ou r wo rk in En g li sh mu st be tak en as coming fr om c ircum s tances a nnl ogo us to tho se of m ost who nrc prese nt but n ot icl e"nti ca l with the m. As Dr. H ar ri s ha s cle a rly sh owe d, there is a meth od adapte-d to eac h p art of o ur syste m of L'rlu c ation, a nd o nl y di s:"ll ti sfac tion can co me fr om tr y in g to u sc th e method s of :i hi g her s cho ol in a lo\\'c t·, or n lo\\'cr in a hi ghe r. Neve rthe less. the n irn s of al l Eng li sh tcac het·s mu st be ,·cry s imii Hr, a nd the effort s n nd res ult s of one oug ht to in te r est n il. Let me tt·y to prese nt yen· hridh· t he ends sought in our in Eng li sh in the :-.lo rm nl Sc h oo l. snme of th e \\'tt_\' S a nd m eans cmploye c!Lh erc n ncl so me whnt oftht r es ult s, \\'i th a 1(·\\' re Atc tions by the way. Lel it he rl'me mb cr ed that I sh.dl spea k only of th e ti vc yea rs of the ;-.lo r mn I . ch on! pro per O ur aims, th e n, bridl y st at ed, nrc thes e: in lt't'h ni ca l s tren g-t h, intelligcncl', 1111d nccurncy , \\'ii.h th e ha bit of using

fi'J rm s co rrl·ctl y; in c:o rn po :; iti on. :r n i11l·:r l of go od th t: :;c n :;c of h c: nn y and fit nc s!' . p ow er to or ga ni ze th ough t : JrH I <.:xpre ss it a cl cq untcly and pow<.: r to wi sely a nrl in gcnu in <.: l ove and :t p prcc i at i on 11 f s om e good ho nk s. kn ow k- d g<.: of what li tl'l'nlurt: is, wh at it is fo r :tn cl how it sh ou ld l1 t' •·cad. w ith somt'\Yh<tl of how it m ay lr t· o bt:1in cd to rcnd. In 11 0 11(: 1of thu•e m atters do \\T eli ITer, I f:r nc y, from most of o ur · fe ll ow tc: tc hers of Englis h. \\'ou ld th:n co nv i<.: t io n we n .: as dea r· to : til of us to the b es t mean s to em ploy in JT[IC hing much -tc 1- b e- de si re el e nd s. L ikc m os t of yo u, we of th <.: Xo r m: rl Sc h oo l are o bliged to s tru gg le \\'it h co ndi tions by no m c:r ns id eal. As Engli sh with us is ju st <.'omi ng to its O \\' tt. Our ;r re n nt f ull y ' kv eloped fur l:r ek of ti tl1 c, n lt in cl n1n c·e th at i..; ly ovc reo mc; eve nt u all y o ur c oLrr sl'S, .as evcr·ywh crc, mu st he p nt t:l ic: tll y co nt irt uous t hr ough the va rious yerrn :. With the •·esl of yo u we gn >tl n un der the hu n lt:n of wor·k en tai led ; the a s:; is lan t must soh·<.: t hi s fic ul t_v in Eng li sh ns he is t JC 1w d <, ing in scien ce, and a fu rt hct· so lu tion lic·s in t he rccogm tw n evct·yw he rc t ha t the te ac her has bu rdens peculiady his ow n an d must not h aY<: t oo manv of t ht•m. On the whole it mcty be sa id, [ t hink , th :n we arc earn es tly ou t· problems, wi th th e p ur po se of ncco mp li shing the mo st desimhlc res ul ts with th e g•·cni.est l'cono my of cA'ort. That th en: is no ··oy<t l ro ad or a ll -c ur ing pnn ac ea in tlw shn pc of a metho d, \\'e at·c pretty s ti lT. So \\'C at·c see ki ng the mid cl l<· of till' J'On d. Vv'e hclie,·c th :rt En glish is nn lh in g if not a ..; u bjcc t. [t ..; fact s as fncts a n.: of co mp a rat i ve ly li tt le wo 1· th Yet it s erlu eat i\·e ,· aluc is so gt·ea t a nd its rc bti on to re a din g and t hink ing so vi ta l. th at WI.' gi,·e it an imp or·ta nt pl a ce n nd sec k to put it as late as p Os!' ihl c in the co ur·e. In any case, no attem pt is ma de to prese nt a co mp lete vi c \\' of it withoul

tr:tt·ing ;r ... t:ll :r-. rn:r .' l1 t· t ht· d t'\l.' l ll )lllll' lll of our· 111\''-t·nt l11nn-. :rn d n -.: rgl'- fr o tnl' n rhaud 111 iddt.. En glr-.h \\ '1..· :r tu·rnpl to l'orn·l :tll' our gr :r rnrn :rr w ith of t hl· 1.·:rr:y l' l' t j.,d ..., -Ch: 11 t1.Tr : 11 ul othl' n'

Tl11.:n: ;.., 1111 tex l \\' lt n lh· :- ni t 1..·d to worl< In II I II' tr :ri nin g el:r:--:l':' \\'\.' h an• m :11il- 11'-l' r1f tlt :r t 11f \ lr ·:- \l l' :rd \\'it h l' rnf. l. cJi tll ... ln tr y·.., lri :- ltll ' ." nf t lr 1.· to -.rrp pl l' nt l' lll it \I ""' ',r t he puh · li:- h 1.·d \\T h:r\'1.' ft 1t1 11d :rl lll•• sl \\' hn lh· un-.uit : tl ,k hn·:rl l"l '. l 'll ll t in uin _:..: th 1.· tr :td1 tio n-< nf l .inclky \l tlt 'l' :r y. n·f11"1.' to l'l'l' llg -

lli %(' t h: rt tlw Eng li sh is a lm o:-t

\\'h,lh :rnd th l' IT fn r l.· n ot to h1.• tre au.: d li ke th1.· L·1t in F nr · of tn " (l l':l k of ohjl'l' Li n•

e :t S(.' of ti ll' nn tl ll, \\'h l' l'l':IS 11 0 Sll l' h ftH 'Il1 e rrn I >I.' fn 1111 d () u r d i t: t i !I ll : r r y \\' o 1"1.; It : r" . ,.; o fa r, h l'l'll (;rr-gel y hy di t'l: rtinn :•1rd pr actil'l' l' X..: r·u ses. I 'r·(l ll llll e i: rt i• >11, r11 :1r·kin g. d l' l' i\' rt · Lion. thvse :1r 1.· mn t fo r· cl r·ill. \ V..: tc ndt th ern b ot h cli r-c etly nnd i ll l.' ich:ntnl !y or fo nn s in eo rnp 11sit ion I m:ty ..;: ty the !'tt llll' Yt:t in a ll t eeh 11i e: rl m; rtt et·..; \\'l' Sl'C k to re rn l' mh er th : tt " t.lll' k ller· kill ct h hut the s pi r·it gi,·et h Ii i\.:. "

Our· t·ons tr·ueti \' I.' \\'n t·k \\'C h:r \'C fo un rl, i :' hc:- t ea n·i<.·cl nn by and for· il s l' l t'. It c n11 : rncl should he eonT ia te d clos ely \\' ith li tc r:rtun:, hut hct't' :r..; el ..; c \\' hct·e it ho ld :; lntl' t ha t yo u ca n n ol do l \\·n t hi n g!' at ..;:t mc limc cl 11 th em bo th \\' e ll . :'l'l'k lo 1\l:t k t• the (i l 1.'1' :t tllt 'l' :t ..; ot llT l' of \ vo rkin g- of in ..; p it-ati on ·:lll cl

r()r th e wr·it in g. Ou t· fi n c1 in kr · plens ur·e, : tnd pr n f'rt in rl i..;l' II Ss in g wit h hn th pe n :r nd \'O il'<.' the h oo ks th t• y sl nd ytltl' id cn..; anrl ..;c nt il ll l' rt ts l'x pn·..;sc cl in thl'tll thc i1· ch :rr·;t l' tt·r·s, th e gc s tc cl :rnd thl.' ,-cl.' n cs pi ctun·cl hy tlw l' IT:r tin· in Htg in :rt ion. .\ li.·"· ex p ie ..; a t·c: A Sn o"' Sto nn I Hem curhl·r: a lett er· to n f1 ·ivn d. co mm cn ti 11 g 0 11 " Tl w Visi on of S ir L :ru nf: tl ": Lan cc l ot s's Qu nlitics n ncl Li mit:tt ion:': Th C' Ch anu: lL•r <: in "T he l'rolog trl·": l>n ll y \<\'in t ht·op' s l' hi

lo!'ophy of Litl.· \\·,_. h:t n: ohtainccl in this way nt·i _:.::in-.1. t·ompo-

Litt·t·: ll ·v ck,... ,·,·ip tioll a nd dt:ll :tctcr pu rtray:t l, : th out \\' hi ch l'n>L :: a id many ht lpful thi" .!.!" :11T intt•t·c::ta nd lll :ty nf tt·n ht.· <..'t llplllyt.·d to "hrcnk t he: tD :-: :t y. \\' ith tht•:-:t• gro w ll<l llll':t )J y Oll l nf th t.· Jitt'l ':tt llt 'l' , :'CI'\' t' to th.•n: Jop :q >p n.:c i:tti ll n nf ho n k:-:. :t ll d p:l\·..: way lo go cHI \\' ot·k in \\Tiling :-: uH·ic::. \\' c

lt:t n: ,· ·:-:u t·t tn kinds of \\Tilin g :1 •·c fu gc ft·o tll the fnl'l to \\'hiclt tltt.• yo1111g' writcl'.

a nd o lder· too :tn.: pro tH' · l desist fr·om \\'ith n:grcl. in \' i tw of' th · l nt gc lll llll ht.T : tl t·c:tcly pt· ·se ntc cl to : tn d in the :\on h \\' cstl' l'll M ()Jl tl tl y :t ncl Tt.•ac h ..-. \\' c do l te li t· , ·c th:tl knn\\'lc dg·c.: of tht• of

<tlicn ll y den:lop crl : tnt! th :tt t•an hc ::; t

IJe done hy :-:l: t rt in g fn ll lt the ns t he 1111i t. 0:ll llt t.'l'ous t heme.::-:,

s li ght ly at tin,t, mon .' : tn d mo t·e clo:-:ely latt·t·. :tn .' dc\·t.·lu pc rl , in clud i ,·e -;tud y of exn m pie s. :1 goo d lex t fcH· tTfcrenec. c la ss p er·so nal co nsu l tat ion. anclt·c\\Titing -t h ese arT the chief nte:11ts emp loyed to m:t ke in tell ige nt wt·it c rs of good Eng l is h. Th :t t th ey may e, ,. heco me so ski ll ful lo wt·itc well \\' it lt nut tak in g p:t i ns \\ 'C d :t r·e n ot c neonn1 gc our st u dent s to he l ic\'c . :\o tt·x t- h oo k in composit ion is :; o we ll to the n eeds of o 11r clas s es Lh:tt \\·ccn ll fo ll ow it clos el y. C\'C il as :111 out li ne. \Ve ha\'c rnn fh.• sotnc u se of Lt·\\'i s' Pi rst Book in \Vri ti ng Eng li$h , a11cl of and Dt·nny's Cnmposi ti on -RI H: t<)l'i c. There :tt'l' SOIIIC' CX C<:IJc nt Cxc r·t.•ises un ci of pr in ciplcs in bot h. J rt pl :1ce of the lat te r·, \\ 'e sh: dl tr y th is year · 1-Icn iek :t n cl Damon' s Compo si tion and RltetOJ·ic. a nc \\' te xt hy t ...vo of lh c pt·ofcsso t·s in th e l nivc rsi ty of Chic ago

I m ay a del he,-e t lt :t l \\'C n tte mp l to t.•tiiLi,·a tc ot ·al co mpositi on as \\' e ll ns \\'ritlcn

and h:t\' c definite exercises to th is end. Our gr...-ntest diffic ul ty is getti ng spontane ity :t 11d ficcdom from excess i ve ernhan·:tssmcnt th is k in d of \\'m·k sho uld b\' a ll means be do ne. ln fn irn e":- I iuwe to add also th at muc h of the s uccc:;s of our work in constructi ,.e English is due to the co-operntio n of the te a dters in ot her departme nts. especia ll y in ,:c icncc. hist on· Latin, nn d German. If they did not 0 11 good English from thci1· pupil s in rec itati on, and did not co rn •c t the pn pt.•r·::: hn nd cd to them fo r Engli sh :t:< we ll for th eir ow n s peci nl su bjects, o ur Lnsk wo uld he nlm ost hopeless. On th e o th er hand if we did n ot co n sider that 01 11· pupils hll\'C :::uc h wdt in g to do, they wo u ld be burdened with wdtten wo rk nnd pr oba bly no ne of it \\'O ul d he clo ne wdl.

In the study of ma st erpieces is the h en rt nnd so ul of our work. Ar ound lhesc i::: gro u ped r eadi n g, litera l'\' hi sto r\' and biograp h y. nnd so on. In O lll.' lo\\'er "·e sec k to de ,·elop powt• r· in the in tc r pretn tion of words, figures and suggestio n. and to awaken ap preciat ion and fonn the read i ng h nbi t. In Ia let· cot ll·ses co me th e study of li tc t·ary typt•s the larger elemen ts, as plot, characte r p ortrayal nnd dc\'e lopment. e tc. , and out lin e st udies in A tn et-i can and Eng li sh lite ra t un: fot· pers pect i ve and breadth of \'lew . ln all the se courses literature is ptTscrned ns one of the fin e :1 rts. The :-:<.·arch th en is fo r trut h, b<': tuly , anfl im · pc r t(·etion, a nd the end so ught, the cu lti,· :t lio n nf tnstt· nnd of charnct er.

!\ l os t or our cla sses mnke usc of tw o note-ho ok s. One of these is <1 h oo k for pc nn nn ent n otts in in k. This is ca r efu ll y pt·epa n::cl and hc co m ts the st ud en t's ow n t< xt of lit e rary hi sto ry nml c rit icism. The mal ct·i:tl is g nth ercd from cl ass talks a nd disc ussions, from di ctat ions n nd from liht·nr y r en d ing The va r-ious h oo ks arc. of c·oursl'. simi l nr. but by no nt elt ns iclL'nticnl. ns enc lt stucknl is em·ourng-Nl lo make up

14-2

his n ows in hi s ow n w;1y Th en tlwr tl< >l l.:hook is an ex l' rcise l )(tol< fo r cl:.i ly work itt w rit i ng o ut s tudies s et on the pa ss age assigne d fot· r ec i tati on. Th c, sc of you who usc the m l.'t ho cl in form w ill kn ow ju st wh <tt I m e:tn. \\' <: find t il es <.· two bo oks \' al uahlc . for they close read ing Hnd definite th ink ing. they S H\'C time by d ev el o pin g cle: 1r idc ns and impre ssions and hy ;: nHblin g the instrudnt· to t·cach q ui ckly and eas il y membe r· qf' his class, and they r11·c mo «l h t· l pful in cult i,·atin g cxp t·ess io n. Th e gt·e< •t<· t· excelknee and po int of cl a!>s discussions obtnin ed by means of t hi s prn· ious writ i ng r11·e r ea ll y t·em;ulwl>le. The di sn tssion we would hy no m ea ns \\'it h. Doubt less ntnnin g <:ommcnt by the tcnchcr is a ti me sa \' ing prnt·css, hu t it gi vcs no pl acc fot· th at <:asy, f::tmilia t· in te r change of id eas and l'a t· oc st disc u ssi<m th <tt so wa t·m and dev elop the int e ll ectual li fe of th e st ude n t. Mo1·covc r, tr·uth is mHny -s iclcrl and may well be Yie•vecl fr om thl' stu de nt st:1n cl poi nl. Let the tcae hc1· gu ide, sup p lement, corr<:ct nn cl!is tc n.

I wish to empha s iz e, if I ma_v. the compositi on ph ase of this note-h oo k work. When t he st u dent is ·w··iti ng hi s l itc r atut·c' l esson, he wr ites much as h r.: ta lk s. and thus proclu c es somet hi ng natum l if n ot beautifu l. At any rat e you get at hi m, hi s st ro ng po int s and weak on es, and you at·c in <1 p os i tion to help hi m.

I trust I sha ll n ot be antic i pat i ng wha t is to fo ll ow if I sp ea k of the eth ica l clcmei Jt in li te r ature and o u•· t rca t me nt of it. I ha ve th at we pr ese nt lite r atu re as o ne of the fin e Th is means of co urs e, t. h at it is so met h ing fitted to gi ve etC !-5· thet ic plea s ut·e. But th is plc as ut·c is by no me ans one of fom1, o nl y. A wot·k of mu st ha ve a mess age , an d thi s m essage ma y it s t:l f nwaken pleasu r·c, vet·y hi gh a nd t ntc. No r ca n th is me ss age come home to the h ea rt of the t·cn rlct· withou t 11 ffccti ng his li fe. To the one. who n :ads in t <::lli gc ••tly it will come home an cl

it i>' th 1.: wo rk 11f llw u·: •d•t·t· to lh nt th e re:H lin g in ll·lli t::L' IIt. Fo1 · ex ample, n f<.· w we ll dirt'l' tL·d qm·!" tiwl !" w ill le nd tht• len ,;t ae tt te in yrntt · to dominant mo ti\' l'!" nfCoclfn:y C:t :-; ,;, Dolly \\' inthrop, :\ I r. :\ I :t <.' l..'." a ncl til t· •·e,; t of in tcr e,; tin g in ( ;t·or ge Eli o t',; Si/u s \1 :1nu.: r: thei r e kmen ts Llf st n: ngt h a ncl \\' t•:tl<Il l' "'" · \\' he rei 11 th ey fn ikd :tncl wh <.Te in th ey su ecc t·cl<:rl ho \\' wrong do ing lt l·rn tght it s :tpp t·op•·inlc l'1L'and so 1111. ll nnks nt ay he rend for c nterlainml·nt, hu t th ey he st udied for s om<.·t h ing mo re . we think nnd :;o we tr·y to pr :•ct ict· O ut· eou •·H·, :1s I h:1\'L' in di c:1t cd . i!; in pt oecss of ci L' \T iop nl L' Il t. The onlcr of su h· j cc ts nn cl s eket ions \\'<.: are not yet fu ll y r!L'cidcd up on. I he Iic t h t· t·e n n.: ot hc•· tenc h cr s of Eng li sh in :t li h· dilc mmn. Th e Ske tc h Bo()k , Twi <:e Told E•·angt'l in e Bou nrl and Am o ng the Fi ve H un dt·ccl Hl'C !'elections wn h n\'1..' use d in the fi t·st two yen r s. In the t hit;d, Id y ll s of the King . Si/ns !H arner, se le ct ions fr om L owe ll , Eml' r so n'"

A ys. Itt the l'ou t·th, Bro wuuin g's sh one t· p oe m s, s <:l cct ions from \Vonls worth. l\ll ilto n 's m in ot· poems nnd M acauln y on M il to n C hn tH:c r' s Prologue. ln the l ast, Macb eth and Ha mle t. Ou t· ou t li n c co u na.: in A mc t·ica n li tcra tu re acco m pa n ies th <: t hinl wot ·k in m n:: · tc q1 ict:(•s, a nd th e out lin e of Engli sh !itcr n· tu rc acco m pa ni es th <: l'o un h. rn both co ut·ses Pa n cons t 's text is ns cd , \\' ith not l'boo ks, class n ncl lib t·ary r eadin g. ma inl y of select i ons ft·om t he vnt·ious author s. vVe do not beli eve thes e historicn l courses <:an wi s el y he om it t ed, but sh ould be secon dary a nd con·elated.

In or cl e t· th at ou t· pu p il s m ay no.l wo rk , as th ey so t' <: <Hlily do in Eng li sh, \\' (' us ua ll y set a l im e on the d aily stu dy In mo st cases ou 1· students n 1-c glnd tn spe ncl a ll tb cit· sp :-u·e t ime on the su ggl' StC'd r ea di ngs Th ese t·cndi n gs are im med i:1tl'ly t·clatcd t.o the cl ass \vnrk se r ve ln

br o ;ICi<:n it :II HI dn·p l' ll th l.' of rt •:t ding. Fo t· e x: tmplt:. T nn y:-:o n' :-: ·J cl yll :::'' acco mp a nit:d hy En !-! li :-: h • n ar rn ti,·c po ems from "Th t: 1.;: ni g ht ' -: Talc to ··So hr;d> and Ru s lttlll. ·· E: td t pup il many of th ese a :-: h · l.':lll a ncl a del: initl· n: pon fut · th e t·l:t:-::-: 0 11 on \! of th l.' m. \\' hilt: l. t >w e ll i:-: ht·ing in th e mem he •·=- n n: L"n t· nut ·ng ..:d Ln ··c:td wickly as po :-::-: ihlt: fru 111 hntlt pt·o :-:c:tnd po cu·y. Thu s Wl u·y to tn: tk l· o u•· di s cursi,·c :ts wt·ll itll l' ll :-: i,T. well d ee p.

It is s e: a• ·ec ly r,,,. lll L' to say wha l the Sil)l s of nut· wo rk h :tn: b ee n. It to •·epol'l llw t ot 11 · s tudent s of g rnmm nr find it :t n ew :t nd vc •·y p•·ofitnhk su hjet•t. Th e ir· _!.!To wth in in te lli gen<.:L' and JHl \\' ct· to t hink SlT I11 S q:•·y ev ident. l'c d1 nps th ei r new co nc eption of the n:a l of the n nd of the c haraekr nnd put·p o:-: c of the st udy of gt':1 111111 Ht·, the m os t m;11·l;e d : tn d t:tn g ihk r esu l t.

In we do in mnl; in g\\Ti t ing at lca :-: L if n ot p ositively :t Co mp osi ti on :<cen to h:t Vl' n·ln ti on to life and thcn:fon: to he wo•·th pt·:a l·tie in g·. T hcn: : tl so th e pnw<..T to co ns tnt ct to ot·g:ani zc thoug ht in to ;t whok with p:u·ts in ,·itnl n:lat io n.

Out· li te 1·:1 tut·e amo unt s to a •·evel at i on and fl •·c, ·oln tinn. It is tTm :n k able h n w few t ht 'l'l' n1·e who co m pn·witho ut wh nt li tcntt u re is a n<l h ow it sho ul d be rc nd-n:nl li te raLu r e, I mean . A yo un g lndy lOme only the n thct· cl ay: "I hn , .e r en d s 'l ma ny h ook!", n ncl g·ood hook s, ton, hut I got li t· Lie o1· nut hing uut nf the m. nnd yet I bcli l'\·e th ey hn Yl' ju !' t HS mu ch in Litem as t hi s one we h ave hl·en Yet she is nnrl h:t s h cc n :t vc •·y cr11·ncst, in t elli g ent. th ought fu l g id , one of th l' hc st in the cl u's s. l h:tcl [I Jett C' I' ll Ol Jong :1g0 ft-0 111 <l fOI'Ill l.' r s tud e nt. , who th:at si ncl.' leav in g sch oo l she hnd 1-e:a d. m nny ti m es O\'el·, th e select ions !' he cl !"t udi c cl in n nd lwei

nl!;O nenrlv fin ished the li st of s upplementnt'y read in gs th at had been suggested. It would be possible nlso to tell of a ctual chnncrc<: in m oti yc a nd co ndu ct att ribu te d by ;tudc nt and hi s friend s to t he shtdy o f. omc bo ok. Liternt urc rl ocs c ulti,·ate •·the li fe of the sp iri t.··

Th ese t hin ns nrc men tio ned here. n ot beo ca u se we t hink them pec ulinr to o ur classes b ut beca u se they arc ma tters of cn courngc mcnt to a ll of us, they how the s pit;t of o ur wo rk , a ncl beca u se we hn vc co me here to tal k t hin gs oYe r. 1\o w :1 word nbo ut wh:tt we htl\'C obsen·cd in th ose wh o co me to u s. As you kn ow. o ur s tuden ts co me fr om eve ry wh er e, -co un trv, Yill nge, city, co ll ege pri\'a tc no rma l n nd .so o n. Thus we hn,·e Hn o pportu ni tY to kn o \v so m ethin g of the general tre nd- of En crli sh work . Spea kin g, gene ro nih·, then, Eng li sh gr nmmn r see ms to be , .e ,:y p oo rl y ta ug ht in the !'t h ools of the st ate. The po int of ,-jew is wr ong, to begi n with , n nd the tcnc h crs arc no t prefor .t hc wod;. A cou r se in hi sto t; cal a nd ach·nneccl gr nmmnr in th e last yca rs of the hi gh sc hoo ls w ill help to re medy thi s. S pellin g. punct uat ion, n nd pt·onu nc iati on see m to los t ar ts. At tention and dt·i ll arc n il that are here. Pantg ntphin g see ms to he a m ettle r of hit anrl mi ss-acn cntll v mi ss Of co urse pa r ag r ap h"'in g is 11 0t easy. for it is or ga ni c; but it woul rl hdp if st ud(' n ts were tn ught just· t hi s fa ct- tlt nt it is orgn nic. In compm:ition, wo rdi m·ss nn d lack of imn gi nn ti on arc the fn ult s we hn\' c no ti ce d Gc ncn tl , ofte n po intless. st at eme nt :-: , \\'ith frequ ent lac k of co nnectio n, m <t h' up th e bulk of \\'Ork we "'Ct from s tu rlc n ts on li rsl ena tc t·in g. It would seem th :1t plenty of compo s it ion wo d< is bein g on in the sc h ools hu t it is n ot wisely ancl d efi ni tely dir ecte d nor helpfull y ct·it ici scd. ls it n ot a mi s tnk c to cli sc :trd e ntit ·cly the t ex tb oo k? It need n ot be lea rn ed for r ec itation: hut i ts nrc ofte n u seful and it s s tnlcmt• nts of pr inc ipk s \\.;t h illu s-

tr at ions \"c ry helpful i nd ee d. I h:we alr ea dy m enti oned some new h oo ks that an: at least worth exa minin g. Th e wor k in li teratu re seem s to h an: hcen s li gh ted in m any sc h oo ls; done t oo c ur so ril y in ot her s. do s tud en ts <:<•me to us who h a,·c h: td sys temat ic tra inin g in in te rpreta tion , eit her of min or cl em ents or large r meanings Th e fa d lh at s tudent s o ften reca ll with d iffi cul t,· th e nam es of th e pil·ccs the y have r ea d i.s \'c ry sugges tive to m<·. Alm os t nev er do we find st u dents e\·en fr om th e lar ge r high sc h .>o ls, wh o ha vc h ad any in s tru ction in the c·h aracte t·is Li c·s o1· u ses of tlw type s of liter at ure; as, the n ovel or dr am a. Lit era ry hi s tot·y has o ft en hee n ignor ed entir el y ot·, 0 11 the -:o n trarv , h as occ upi ed the pt in ci pa l pl al'e. phra s in g of se lce t:i ons as loug as E1· a ng t:!in c seems ;o IJe a fa vo rit c exerc ise in so me pl aces. It is n ee dl ess , to say that pupil s who h ave been gm und th 1·ough lha t wi ll find Ev angel i ne a 'r epu gn an t type .' On the whole th e 1·c seems to be n ee d of a mo re definite n otion of the va l ue of the s tudv of lit erature a nd a mo re n cadv adc qtw tc

pn:paration fot· tl"al·hing il. \\"l. ta lk of th r ee years of L :tlj n :a!- a ll lno «li g ht n pn parati on for te:tdting :a deacllangun gc , hut m :tny :tn: u·ying tu ll·:tch o ur o wn lite•·aturc who h:tn: !- Jil"ll t.lt- «!- th: tn on e-t hird of that time in g1.·t tin g n :: tcly for thei r wo rk .

It se c nt s, then, tlaat wc.: nn·d in :\c.:h•·nskn n mot·c ddinitc id c: t of t lt L· e nd :-: lo be •·cach l. cl hy the difTl·t·L· n t ph a ses of En gl i:-: h i n!-lruct io n. : tncl mon: ck:t .-l y de fin ed n oti ons of h ow h cs t Ln t"l': tc lt lh <.:sl· e nd s. O ur cou r ses of st udy in En g li sh mu st be n:duccd to s omct hing lik e o nlc•· .tncl system ; in doing thi s \\'c mu st co ns id er d cYclOJ>Ill <: n l ceo nom v :t nd co tTcln lion. And ' l:t st. we mu st provide hel le •· u ·ainin g in En glish for· nt •• · tl·:tcl tl·rs in the publi c sc h oo ls and mu st dc lll:tnd tf1al th ey obt:tin i t. \Vc of thc .'Jo rm :d Sc h oo l nrc e :tnles li y cnclc:t vnri ng lo fo•·w:ard a ll of tltc e iTu rt s be in g 111 :t dc Lowanl th l·se e nd s. n nd tru st tha t nil who an: l:d Jn1·ing so er1 rn cst ly in the N ebntska scho ols ma y wor k tr ,g et het· more :: tncl 111 0I"e c ffc et i\'rl y as the dny s go b y.

Of a ll the of (;ou that an: Ro rne i n\Yani in ti) so ul s afar, Along the P sa lmist's mu sic de ep. :-\ow tell me if that : an y i s, Fo t· gi ft of grn c c, th i :-:,·ne giv eth hclon:d slee p ." Bro wnin g. t

EARLY HISTORY OF THE NEBRASKA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

Tof the

By Pro t: ). Jl. .Vcf ..:enzie .

Epi s cop:tl Chun:h :\I ct held rn Oma ha in the btter· p:1n or :\l nrch, 1 G7.

Th ere was a \·ac a tio n uf lw o weeks in in t he sch oo l at th:tl tirnt·, :-r nd the Principa l nnd Rev. ll. But -c h wen· deputi zed b,· Boa r·d of to o tlcr· t he b uildand gr·ou nd s to the confer·cnce if it wou ld pledge itself to keep up the sc hoo l. s clc:cl the tc: tdtcn•. and pro,·idc the sa ry fund s for· the c ur -r-ent expen ses.

:\llr Bru·ch. ns agent, acting for the Boa rd of fon11n ll y prese nt ed the schoo l to the Co nfcn·nce wi th th e co n diti ons as stated.

Aftc1· co ns id t· •·n hlc the conference d cc id erl not to accept the sc h oo l. but <tg n:cd to r cco m mt·nd it as a s ui tab le sch oo l for memb ers ofthe M E. C hurch to p at ro ni ze, an cl passed a r eso luti on to th at cffc·ct w hi ch was in their minu

The sc h ool was n ow si mp ly a Pe ru in st itu ti on wit h no spcl'ia l ass i sta n ce fr om anv den om in n tion. The qu estion th en fo r· th-e tn rs tt:e s to considcr· was \Y ha t di spos iti on t·ould n ow be made of the schoo l to g iv e it so me sta ndin g in th e state at large.

As the fir·st sta tc kgisl ntt11·e wa s to co n\·cne in in June of tha t yc:11·, a nd as nu prov ision up tu t hat ti me h ad b ce u m ade for· the bet t er of publi c sc h oo l t cad1 ers, the principa l ur·ged the Board nf Tnrste::cs lo offe r the building and g r·otmd s to the state fm · the l ocat ion of a State No r ma l Sc h oo l.

It \.Yns Mr. McKenz ie's goo d for tun <', w hil e a st ud ent in tiH' se minary an d co lleg<.', to he in close pr oxim it y to the Alhn ny, New Yo d< , no rmal schoo l du ring the , time David Pag-e wns principnl of th at i ns titutio n, and he imbibed s ome of th <' noti ons a ncl Sf:Jirit of th at g1·eat mnn. An

opport uni ty now see med to o pcu to carry out !'OIIIC of Page 's id eas in Ne bra ska, and fnr· reason he w as ea rn est a nd pcn;is tcnt thnt th l' tr ustees should mal\c an effor·t to hnYc rlw stnte organ i1.c a no nn nl st·h ool.

Afte r· cnrefullv co nsi dering- the matte r in n ll phases t.h c trustees fina lly concl uded to mnkc the cAort, as they wou ld be in 110 wor sl.' co ndi tion than they we re, eYen sho uld fa il. One circumstance greatlv aided tl;e enterprise: the member s from' Ne mnh a County to the legislature , Major \Y i ll inm Dni h· Co lon el Th o ma s J. Major s, wl.'re frie nd s a nd patron s of the sc h oc, l,n nd th ey entered npon their part of the work wit h great cn rn es tn ess a nd dctenninrt tion.

Th e outco me of the ir e ffort s was that the s ta tc nccepte d the buildin g and gro und s nnd cs tn bli shed a State No r ma l Scht. ol at Peru.

As nn endowment fund the l cgis la turc apart tw enty sect ion s of land to he kn o wn as No rmal Sch oo l lands . To a id the present necess ities of the sch ool. three thous and d" ll :t rs were a pproprinted.

A Board of Educat ion was co nstituted, consist in g of the State Su per in te nd e nt of Pn blic rn st ru ctio n a nd Sta tc Tr easu re r, wi th five ot h cr memb er s, with the prm·i· sion t1w t one mem ber sho uld retire fr·om the b oa rd yca rly, a nd a new member shoulu be year ly ap pointed by t he Stnte Superintendent of Pub li c In st ru ct io n, to fi ll the nrcancy. The ap p oi ntin g p ower wns af te r wa rd ,·cstecl in the Governor.

Before the transfer of the bu il ding a nd gro und s to the sl nte, the tr u stees of the sem in ary deeded to Mrs. McKenzie, ns part payment for h er sc r v1ces , twelv e and o ne-h u ff acres of land on the sout h s ide of the s ite , an(l Mr-. Wi lli am Tate deeded to the sn me tr ust ees twel vc H ncl one- half

14·H

ac r es on the west nf the o rignin :d .... it c, thus k ee pin g lh t· am ount of l:11Hl th l· s :tm c numb er of ac res as wa<.: c:dl ed for in the offe r lo the s tale. A!< soon Li t,· tn t nsfc t· of ti tle w:t s nwrh- to th e and t.lw Board nf E du c ati on tool< t· h; tr·gc of the: sc h oo l.

At it s fir st m c:e tin g :vir. !vkK cn %ic w:ts elec ted prin ci pa l at a s:tln t·y of $1 nnrl :\'lrs. McKen %it• :tt ar y.

It wa s by the Bo; trrl to the e ntit·e approp ri ation in fitting ttp the bu ildin g. A n ew r oo f wa s put on and :til the r oo ms were fini!<hcd ofl' and r ough coated with pla ster. This ex hnu s tcd th e a ppr o pr iatinn.

In ; rrra ngin g n co ut·sc.: of s tudy tlw Boa rd of Edu cat ion deemed it b est , fot· a t im e, to pe rmi t s tud en ts to who did n ot des ire to take the r<:gu l.:n norm:d

t•rntr"l'. -.int'\' fr11 · tlu· flr:-t t\ \ll t hl· qnh· n·-.rntrT<'" Ill' tiH· ... ,. !J ,, .,j \\' :1 :< wh tt l ncl'l" tt l' d fn11n thl· tttiti "n ne arly all tlH· .,],J p ttpi] .... l'l'lll l'IH'd :tr HI -.udt llt'anda·... t:tug ht :1 :-\' ll'\\' ...

On th •· t\\t'lll"·thi nl rl: l\· nf (k tnhc r. :"l·l•t·:1.... k:1 :"\ot·nt:tl Schon! " l' ''tlt'd it'-' fiP -t -.l's:- inn with :thotll fcH·ty

pup il t nt ·n lk d: lllt t th e :"\o nn:tl OcpM tnHnt pnq wr :tft•·r :-: ntltl' urgent :tppc: tl hy th t· tl' :lt· h,·t·:-: . .i •• =- t :-; ,·,·cntcl' ll pu p il

Thi s truly lh t· <l:ty of :<tn:d l th l· not o nl y l t:trl all the tcnchin g to do. IJitt \\'l'l'l' t lt ,· ir own j: tni tors.

lookin g :tl't vr tht· : tnt! :-:w.:c pin g and du sti ng. and vnco ut ·ngin g the.: pupi ls to aid in of'f' th 1..· dchr i:-;, : tnd c:lc nnin ).!

up th e.:

It is a ch aract e ri stic nf gr eat so1 tl s th:tl tll t:y an: easi ly ncll·i,:; ed. Th t: the 111 nn. Lltt: greater hi s wi llin gne ss tn lc :u n, tht· gt·t:atct· hi s d c!; ire to know a ll th e facts in the case, a nrl to co me to n wi se concl usion crJn ce t·n i ng t lt t: tll. \\'hencvet· yo u set: a man who t hinl;s lt c k no ws it all, an ti is too wi se to I<: <Hn f1 ·o1n an yn nL·, u nle ss it is so 111 co ne in a hi gher p11s itimt t it an hin tself, yo u m ay he s ut·c th at , IHJ\\'C\'ct· gTt: al he m ay be !;Ollie ways, yo u ha 1·c in that s uni eient wisdom an int!i cn li un of n:tt -rnw nc ss. \\'c sho uld , always he 1·cndy an d q ui ck to lcan 1 ft·o nt any scn trse .- Prc ne hct·s' .\ I ag:a:z i nc.

EARLY DAYS TN THE STATE NORMAL.

!ty c n I .ClW II ol '( !J .

k11 o wkd g ..· of th 1..• :H h·ant :t gc :-: to ht· fnnn tht• St :1l l..' :\ nnn: tl S dwn l W:t:o: dcrin:d in r s7 1. f r• >lll :1 I..' Clll \' I..' I':':I ti on hn cl with :\ 11". .\. C. Tn >t 1p. ll <JW a pr n:-: p t•ro 11 ,.: law yc1· 11f 01n ah: 1. wh ·1 at tl11.: w: 1,.: tra\ 1..·ling in th 1..· inll'l'l..':<t nf t h1..· Om : th a fle e. I had he <.·n tl.. :tc h in gcn unu·,· disu it: l:-:c hn o(,.: in j<:l fe r·s on Co tl ll l_" fn1· tw.o 01· t hi T l.' ,·c:1r:-: pr·ic11· to t hi,.:; hnd the v of fur t ht 1· ed n c:tt i on . n nd w:t:< then in cl n-tdll as to to :tlli..' IHl the St:1te l' ni vcrsi ty. :tt Lin co ln wh id 1 \\·a:- then a weakli ng :ts t' CIIll)l :tn·d w ith i t:- :< l urrl v m:nurit\· :1t t hi s tim 1..·. o1· s0111e ot h e1· i.n:-: ti tutio 1;. .\Jr Tn>np pi ct un:d in Sllc h glo win !!' tcnn::: th e : J<h·:t ll t: l _!-!'1..':< of Lh t: .Sc h oo l. w ith it s pi et ut ·<.·sqn c su t·,·o1111di1tgs and i t:pt·ac ti c: d co ll t' :'l..' of u·:t inin .t!·. that :tfU.'I'wanl s, in 1 S 7Ci \\'h1.. 11 I k:JJ ' Ill..'d th :n :t

Tt·:1ehc t·:-_. III st ilntl ' was to he ld th en:. I concl ud l' cl tc• :I ll, nd nnd :O: l'l: for myself whcth c: t· the r eal i ty came up to th e . .-\t th: tt t im e th <.: t'l..' wn:-; ,·10 ' l11ean s of l·niln>nclc o mmllnicati on lwl\\'l'<.' ll the wc:ste nt n nd e;1ste t·11 ponion of the state so uth of the I'l : tlt t: . <.'x1..·ep t the li11 c of th e H. & !VI. Rnilt-oad Co lllp a ny. fi·om ll nst in gs to Lin<.·n ln . fn1111 Lin co ln lll'n s ka City , :tn d fn>m l'\ chrn slw Ci t\· to Bn>wn ,-ilk . In nnkt· lo t·t•nch r h:t rl to tnJ Y<: I snTnty- fin· mile s to Il<t stings. th e nce (' :tSL ()\' 1..'1' t hl' n. & f-.11. to T'tT II lll <tking a trip of two dnys time. :.tlld m·ady :2GO mik s, "'hilt- at thc .prc:-:c nt cbv th ejO III'II L'_Y ft' !l lll :t CI..'O il; plishccl in a little O\'e t· fotlt' I wt: ll tT nl l' l1lbl't ' th <.' illl)lt 'L'ss ion m:tdc upon my m in d hy·t ltl' clw n gc of sc1..' t1<.: \\'he n I an i Ycd at l' c nt. At that e:t dy j)LTi od in tltt· s <.:l tlemc nl nf tltc s l:t te, t he po rti pn of the stntc in \\' hi t: h I li vt·d wa s :-pan.:t: h· pop ul: t ted: s•·n n·cl_v :t lt 'L't: o1· a lenet· h 1·ok-e th e dul l mon o tony of the c ndk ss st r ctdll' :-:

of pr: tiri c. On ly n few hou:;cs were to be :' l..'t' Jt o ut;.;id e of the little to wtt s. A l arge pot·t ion or the popu la lion s till lived in du g0 \lt:O:, \\'h ich were usua lly to be found sii:U: ncd up on the ba nk s of the rn,·incs, or doprt•:-;:-:i o n:-:. n ud whi ch were n ot Yisil> lc except fro m t hL•ir imm cd intc vic ini ty. Th e ru ggt•d hill s co ,·er cd with h nrdy o ak the m aideu h ai r fe rn s, the lndie:;' s lipp ct·s , a nd o ther v cgetn ti on of the woods a nd hollows: the blue gro wing in th e roa ds a nd vnrd s. the long ,·ista of the g-rcnt i\liss o ;1ri ,·alley exten clin g to the b lulfs of Juwn nnd i\Ii sso uri, the e.\·.idl nccs of n 11 olde r th e co mfortnb le hou se:-:. the b cite1· cl ad p.eop le; all t·onstit utccl su ch a c han ge fr o m, a nd \n' rl' sut: h n con t rn st in n il re s pe cts to the t r 11..,(] J<>ft t ha t I remem ber t hinkt:oun r,· " , · - {J. : 11 -111 d vicinit,·, one of the loYe li- 111;.:. l: 1 f • plncc:< J h nd c\·er scl my c?·cs up on. I l oo k ba ck c\·eu to t hi s clay wt th plcnsure upon the lllnn y plc: 1sant days spcnt among the w oo ds and hill s nro und the o ld to wn wit h mY cnmrndcs and fril nd s a nd hope that pn::<cnt st ude nt n:'ay ha,·e :t:-: agreeab le r eco llec ti ons _of thc11· sc h oo l I• , n.:; the \\T i ter ha s of ... At th e ftJSt i tute I fo rm ed the at·q un in tnncc of mnny st ud en ts nnd t enc h et·s of the Sc h oo l, n11d dec ided to remain . At t im e Pr of. S. R. Th o mp so n h ad .ju :-;l nssu 111 cd the Pr inc ip :tls hip ; i\li:-;:-; E li z:1 j\1[ or .rn 11 w ns pn Tcp t t·e:-:;.; :t1 Hl tenc h ct· of Eng-l7s h; Jl rof Nicholso n, now wit h the Sl: ;tl' U ni,-crsi ty. w :t in char ge of nn lur:tl :-:cil' ll C(': Prof. D. R. Sto ne. of who:-;c wht'l'l': tho ut s al t hi s t im e I a tn n ot adv i sed, ta ngh t, 11w Lhc nt a tics: n nd Pr of. \V o rl cy w a::.: in ch:trgc of in s trum e nt al and voca l 111 us 1c. 1 cH nn ot now r ct·n ll n il the nl het· nwnthcrs of the faculty A<:.: I reme ml wr it, th t· s tu de nt s of the No rm nl .'choo l at th:1t time ow in g largely lo lhc l ac k of lmn s po 1••

t:uion laci li tics, and the genen.d po vert y of the state , except in the o ld er sc.: tt lecl cou nti es a ion g the Mi sso uri Ri, ·cr ,ca me almost entirely from a sma ll s trip of te rrit o ry, con sisting mainly of th e ens tc rn co unti es uf the state; and as it see ms to me n nw. the a ,·e rage age of the st ud('n ts then was greater than that ofthc: pre• c:nt s tutler:t bony. The maj o rity 'of the yo ung m en in the higher co ur se wcr·c dep"ndc.:n t u p un their own exertions for their mainten ance ; their cust om bein g to nttencl sc h oo l for· a term or two , or per haps a year, th en go out to teach or l nhor to acc um ul ate su fficient means to continue their stu dy.

I remained the wh ole of the sch oo l yea r· e ndin g J une, 1877, in the No rmal Sc h oo l; ret u rned there for the spring term of 1H7H, Hnd fi na ll y comp leted the course in June, 1R79. \

Th e.: impn:s:.ion m: t clt..· up on rny mind. th e fri e nd sh ip s a nd the tn: nd to my th oug ht !-> :r n cl id c.: as du r·i n g- th eco mpnr:tlivcly sh nn pc.: r·io cl thnt I s pent at the Konnal Sc h oo l, h :, \"l' nOcc t c.:cl, and to u Ia rge c·x ten l d etc· rrn i ne cl the <:t u ·n·n t of my lifc s in ce th en The sc h oo l : tt thnt tirm', though de ficient in th ce cl ll c :t tion nl fnciliti es and ad,· an tagcs \\'it h \\'hi ch it h ns s in ce b ee n supp li ed by the.: de\ cl o pm ent of th e slate. cxe rkcl n po \\'c.: l'fu l influ en ce upon th e.: upbui ldi ng of t· h:nacte r·: :tnd no m at t er· wh e ther th e st ud ent left it s preci n cts with greate r kn uwlegc or· n ot , he as s uredly lrft with a hi gher· id ea of th e and dut ies of life thn 11 he had when en te ring; and th e Korm :d h ns had no rcnto he ns ham ed of th e no \\' middh: ngcn men and w1 men who made up it s st udt·nt horh· in the cady of its hi sto ry .

WAIT ING

Sen·ue, I fn ld Ill)' h aud s : tud wait, 1\or can· f11r wi ud. m· ticll·, or sea:

I ran: nn more 'ga inst Time or Fate. For lo! my ow n shall co me to ntl'

I st ny my h aste, I ma k 1· delays. For wh<tt rl\·ails thi s eager pa ce?

I sta nd amid rh e C'te rna l way s, \nd w h:tt rniu e sh:tll know my fa ce.

\\'hat mntter if I s tan d al on e?

I \\':t it with ,i oy th<: co rnin g \ly h ea rt shall n: ap wh e re it h as A nd up its fruit of tear·s.

:'\n wind ca n clr iv e rny b ar qu<: astray, 1\or change the tide of d es tiny

1\n r time, nor sp ace. nm· deep. nm· hig h. Can kl·cp n1 y ow n away fr om III C. J. H.

NICKNAMES OF GREAT MEN.

\\"h cncve •· a g-r-ca t Ill an truly be l oved by th e pcoplt.: it tu:: trly always that a pet nanll: of m ore or lcso.: uit:lbili tY is bestowe d up on h im Th u s. Lord co ns ficld wa s co mm o nl y known ns ' 'Di z zy ," Gln d st.u nc as th e ld i\ [m t. " nnd Pa lm cr s tun ns · 'P: tnl. " Among a ce rtain par·tv Lon) Rnscb c n· is fami li arlY n:· fcrrcd to ;ts "Rosy" :1nd i\[r :1s "Go lfe.• · thc bltt.T ni ckn:1 me o win g orig in , of cour·sl·, to the f:1m ous lender 's pnssion for the gn me of g-o lf.

O li ve r· Go l dsmi th w as 'No ll ' to hi s :l.S· soc iates nnd ndmircn;; Cha rle s Dic kens r emai ned "B oz'' to th e end of his d ays : Edmund Spenser, t he fam ous E li za bethan poet, au th o,. of the " Paery Q ue en ," w as ea ll ccl "Mot hc r· Hubba rd ,'' while Si r Walter Sc o tt had n \' :lriety of na mc s, prominent among \:vhi ch \\'R!' the title, " \Vi zn rcl of the Nn r·th ."

Na poleo n w as ca ll ed th e" Li tt le Co p or·nl" by hi s o fficcr ·s and men ; Marshal Ney was s urnam ed ''L c Dt·avc"; while it m av not be kn own that the duk e of \V e ll ingto n was sometim es referred to by th e less reveren t of his w ors hip ers as " Trun co,'' t hi s n l'l me bei ng a pplied on ac<. otmt of the unusual. prominence of hi s na sa l organ . A more •·cspcctful ni c kname for the renowned soldier was the " lt·on .Duke."

George W as'hi n gton was called the "Pa thcr of hi s Co un tr y." Andrew J ac kso n wn!' "O ld Hi ckor.v.'' Za c har y Ta yl or wns kn ow n to hi s so ldier s in the Mexican war H!' "Old Rough and Ready." Richard Henry a at the age of 25, was a ffection at ely kn o wn as " Li g hth orse Harry ·• Ge n era l Hooker was 'Fi g htin g J oe ." Gene ral Thomas was "Pap'' to his so ldi ers. Ge n era l \Villiam H en rv Ha rriso n ca ll ed ''Ti ppecanoe." John A. Log-an w as "Blacl< Jack,'' on acco unt of his sw:u·thy comp lex ion and black

hnir Henry Clay wa s cn ll ed " The Grent Pac ificato r." He was also known as "The Great Co mm oner. " William J. Brytur , wh en in co ng ress. ea rned the name of "The Boy Orator." James G. Blaine w as "T he P lumed Knight ." Lin co ln vas "The Grcnt Emancipator." General Grant w as "Uu co nditional Surrend e r" an d ''T he Si le nt l\Ian." Oli ver \\endell Holmes was the gen ial "A u to cra t.'' Whittier was "The Quakl·r Poet" an d "The Ba chrlor Poet." t1 name now frequently applied to James Whitcomb Riley. Eugene Field was "T he C hild ren's Poet.' ' Joaquin Miller is •·The Poet of the Sierr as." Henry 1) Th oreau wa s " The Hermit,'' on account o flri s meth od of life. Th omas Jeffrrson was "T he Sage of Monticello.' ' A. Bron son Alcott was •·Th e Sage of Concord." Jnmc!' Buchannn w as ' 'Th e Bac helor Presid ent.'' I zna k \Valten w as called " Th e Angler·.' ' Robert G. In ge r so ll was •· Pagan Bob." Ge ne ra l Sherid an was ' Littl e Phil. '' Co ming to t he severe regio ns of sc ien ce, we find th at Sir Isaac Newto n w as com· monlv known as the "president.'' this name. bein a him by r easo n of the 0 I fnct th at he was the first pres ide nt of the Royal Soc iety. Again, Faraday was "Mike " to hi s comrades and ftll ow workers. R obert Stephenson, the engineer , was '' R ocket'' (in mcmor_v ofthe first loco m otive t urn ed out by him, which was thu s. nam ed); and Ga lv a ni, the renowned clectricilln , was "Froggi," the te rm being a pplied to him E>w in g to the fact th at o ne of hi s most important discoveries was m ade t hrough experi men tin g with frogs Again, Benjamin Fmnk lin styled the "A merican Socrates,' ' and Th omas Edison is so metimes ca ll ed " The Yankee Wizard ." The great actor , David Gar rick, was always " Littl e Davy" to tH ose who knew n nd l oved him .- World-Herald .

THE STATE NO RMAL SCHOOL MESSENGE R-&

v f1 .,

1 A Mugollne devoled lo 1h1: lnlcrcsl s oil he SID le No rmal Sc hoo l ol Neb ro <ko. .,

l' uhlishNI hy the f .':tculty ' •II lftt· fitic c nl II ul the 1111111Lh.

J. A. BEATTIE, Ed itor.

J. D. Bisho p, Busi n ess Manage r.

entt: rc r/ :tt t" C prJsLrd/i,.,. Il l / '<.'r ll , .\'c J,rn .-; /t/ 1, II JIJ.'Ji/ 111: 1 t Lt•r.

Te rm s, 50 ce nt s n yea r.

which :1 p t: 1·son l'l'ee in:s Ill ;1 Jar ge ga of tt..·ac h t.: I'S from \': lriOUS pa r ts of the CCJll lltry cJ ept: n cJ IIJI CIII many th ings .' The samt· m:ty be SHiel of the ad vantage s \\'hic h t'(Jmt: f ro m :I!' Sc,c i:sti0n with th ose· \\'ho cn gngu l in the s nmc . or in a s imil :u· c; d li ng. The:-<.: i n1 · pression·s nnd ach·nntr1gcs ;t rt· mod i fied by th<: number of th ose \\'ith whom we mn v ht: acq u ain t ed, and by the chan1cltT, ,·ar iety and intc 1-cst of thc strbj..:ets und t..· 1· colls id t: r· nt i on. A•ga in th e im mt di : tl e :1p pli ca ti on of the to the wor l; in h :t n d, :tncl the p1·cs('nt u sc to \\' h il'h any gin·n th ing may bt' .ptlt have mu ch to do in dctcr mi n i ng th c:-e for <:ach in c1 i ,. id u a 1. th ings a1·c su ggested l ty an c·n c,rl tn ca ll up the imp r t:ssions, to co u nt th t: lesson!', to t: n umc r ntc the nd vn n tag·cs of n :ts th at in C.hicagod nr in g the lnst of FdJ r n:11 ·y a nd the fi 1·st of Nla 1·ch -thc m<' eli ng of tlw Su pe rin te ndents' Sect ion of th l· :'\:tlio n:d Tc:sd•crs' ,\ ,.. !'oci: J t ion

In l ool< ing h ac k tn it t here arc p1·csc ut se ver n! ve 1·y cl is Li nel intprc ss ion s. Ont· of th ese is the ma nl y a nd \\' Oman ly chan1l'lC1· of the eight o 1· nim· h un ch·ed men nnrl \\'0111t' l1 \\' ho were thc 1·e Th is rlo es not come hcca ust..· \\'l' t:x p et·l :s hnch· of tc:tche 1·s

t11 lt c 111 :1 11 1_, :t nd \\ 11 111 :t nl v : 1u cl thl•n we nn· impn·._ , .) "ith f1 nd in ;..: th : 1t fi tr whid1

w t..· h :I\T :1 1·ig h t 1" f," •k Till· lll l'll and Wfi ii H'll n·JII 't·-., ·lll <d 1hr u· ty p l· of of d l:tr: l t'll· r :tn d .-i, ili /.:l l i• •n

'-ll ll th t..·rn. : tt 1d tIn· "t''-l<T II

:"\• •t wit h ..,t: ln din ;..: t ill·,., •n -. t: tlll tu nnd fr o. :1nd f.,rl h. in : 1nd nnt up nnd do wn. :1 nd l' ll lllld : tnd rn 111 11l. in thi::

t't lll l ltt·y tlu·n· :tn· ty 11c :-. which an: :dw :I _Y'- m: •nift..·'- t iu :1n y l:11·.:..:t..·

h :I ... t h l' lll l'l' I i II g i II c h i....:I;.:" . T hi " c1 Ill'"

lllll 1111:: 111 t h: 1l : 11HJ lll:lrl; ccJ djf: in 1:111 )-: 11:1 ;..:•·. t'nnn!< of t.. .x prt..'S!' ion

pt·c uli ariti• ·" o f' :lt..'l'L' II t. 11 1odt..·!< of thoug h t. ;t lld w:I_Y !< of :tt thin ).:" JII T\' t..' nt lht•

Utlllll Sl f'rt..T d l•lll .,f' ill ti lll :lt'_\' of :IC ·

qu :li llUII I{'l' , :s lid f'l ivnd ly n·l:lt ions On ot her h:1n cl t lll '" L' di lli:l'l' lll' e!< and n t:trk .:rl cli "t ill l' ti o ll s in 111 : 11 1." e: l !<l'!< 111 :1n y ill til cJo"L' :1 11 d tilL'( it..· l'<l lll lll ll !li OII ,\11 th t..' "l' th in .t.::s W<'l't..· t..·;< p eei: tl ly H'l' n wh t..•n r. Co rs c1 11 of ( >h it>, the l'n:sirk nt of th t..· :'\: s ti(ln:1 l T l'ne h l'l·s' ,\ ,_s.,e i:ltion mark :t st nteuw nt of th t..· Sl'll·t.. tion of C hnr kstnn. South C:tro liur1, :1s the pl :tt..'L' of holdin g th t..· m eet i ng ne xl Jtd y :t nd in t1·otln ccd tht..· supt..-i n tc lld ent 11f the city sc h oo ls nf Chnd esto n, th e St: lt t..· S llp t..T int en rk nl of j•,,Jtl ic lll st rtJ et ion. : 11 HI th e pres i de nt nf 011<.: of the co ll t..•gt:s< •f So uth C an •lin n. The fi 1·st ;..::1\'l' n \\'ekn nl t..' :11H I :1 11 in vitat ion to : dl in beha lf of th t: city :1 11 d h e1· sc h oo l,:; the sceo11d in tht..· ll il lll l' of t he schoo ls nml JH·nple of the sl: t tt..·. :s nd the third in tht..• 11 : tn1 e of t ht..: hi gh t..T in !<ti tn li on;< of a nd cJ f a ll Lh t..· p eo ple of th e we n: free, open, h e:11·ty. :t nd \\'l' l'l' cxt cn fkd wi th :1 Wl'a lth ,f li. ling ;a nd l:t ng u:t gl' nnd :1 powe1· an d llo\\'t'l' nf di ction \\' h ich ch ar· :tctc 1·izcs the tru e 111:\11 of t ht..· Sn1 1lh.

The impl'L'Ssions l'ot· goo d :tncl for inlllll'· cli ate use upo n clifli..,- ent JH'I'SCI II S \\'t' IT slt·· t cn11 i ne cl , no do ull t, in :1 l: 11 ·gc lll l'ns ur t' IJy th t..• :lt tit ucl e of lhe inrli Yitln :d 111 i 11 rJ , fl y th l' study he lwei gi,·t..·n the subj ec t. hy 1t'· latio n to th e \\' o1 ·k he had in lt [nHI nt h om<.: , nnd hY tht· t:O llllt..Tlion it t,\

Ti lE :-\0101:\L CHOU L hlE . ENGEl:<. 151

hnn· to thl· fnr which the inH•ndcnt' :- :-l'l' tinn ot·g:llti 7.ecl :lltd i:; maint[lincd . hcing tru e it not !-.eem to he a fiuing thing to ttallll' the pnpcn; :1 nd whil·h appre:t of liH: irc o ntcut:::. and :111 or Llt l·ir tl' flc hing- : ltld of thei r l' CHtfd hl' \\' ithOll t t hl· a nd the man \\'h O pn::O.: l' lltl·d it. \\'t ltt!d he judgl·cl from om· po in t nf' \'il..' \\' : 11ul in thl· of the wot·k a nd t h l· l'X IH.'I' il'lll..'l' of o ne when bo th :tncl tn : tn ought to lw Sl.' l' ll fr om C\'l't·y :•n gk of Yi,. inn :1 11 d judgt•d in th e li g ht of th e m: tn y t·cl:tti on s. \\h en the n ot "o g·rcnt a:-: to mnk c the jo urn ey n cx t to imp o:;s ihl e nud duti e:-: \\'ill Jl l '1'111it. tltl· wiclct· lt ori7.0 II nud the fulk t· sy ntp nt hy \\' i th fc ll o \\' \\' Orkcrs in the gt·cnt cduL·: t tiona! fi eld su ffic ie nt tn pny fot· ho tlt ti me [t ncl mon e \·. .:).

Resolutions of Sympathy

\\IIEHE .\ S, God in his pnl\·idc n cc .has "ccn fit to l.' ::t ll to het· fi nn! t'e \\' : \l·d t he mo ther of o ut· c ln s:;mate. l\ li ss Sa die M cAdams, thctTf'or c he it

R cso h ·crl: Th <tt w e. the memb ers of th e B Tt·a ining Cl ass, expn:ss our :- in cc re symp at hy to Ollt' her en Yecl c l:l s-s ma te; and be it fut·thct·

R cso h ·cd: Tha t :1 l'OPY of these r eso lutions he f·ilcd with th e secn·t<ny or the c la:- s; also t hat th e se he p11bli sh ccl in th e: Normal Sc h oo l Messe nger, :tncl a eopy t to o ur

c: L·: H K 'l\II 1.1

C.\hl.J

Com mi ttee, 1 ETTA

M 11rch 21. 1 no o.

The rea dC'r. of The M esse nge r will find 011 nn ol her page in t hi s is ·uc a c ut of the of th ese few lines. If nny o ne questi o n::: the n seo fs pncc for such n purpose he must place the bbme for so much waste 11p on t hC' p 11 bl i:: hct'$. They planned a nd ext.'Cutcd whnt ,·ou see . nnrl nrc solely re::: pon :::i hk

Prose and Verse for Children.

R1· J..: nt h crinc P dt•. P11hlish cd hy the Amcric:nn Co mp a ny , Chic ago. Pric e ..J. O cent s.

The art of b oo k nwkin g has r eached a hi ah cJe ar ec of pl't fcct ion. Thi s can be b • h sa id of nil clns::::esofbook s. It ts, owc v er, tr nC' of boo ks for ch ildren. th ese the one who se tit le is give n fl bove IS not an except ion to th e hi gh ar t. authat· h as mad e a st u dy of th ose things in pt·oi'ic and n:rsc nnd in pictu r es whi ch. arc of in te re st to c hildren. Out of th e s ubj ects studied she h as made choice of those which best od npted to the teac hing m et hod a nd to the e nd s which fo rm al in st ru ctio n o ti aht to r eac h. The con tent" arc a rranged to the month R of the ycnr berrinnin O' with Septem ber. "' <> I

One of thc mnrh·d fentu r cs of the b oo' iR the h ighly figurative nnd imagina ti \' e chamete r of the se lection s. The se lect ions ns a whole a re afte r the sty le of the fo ll ow in g: How the Shoes \V en t to the Pic ni c; Th e T oys TaJI< of t he Wo rld; Th e But to n Fnm il y; The Sto ry of a Doll HnnRe ; Hn\\' th (• Littl e K ey l. en rJlecl to Fh·: The Lnncl Wh crl' the Ln zy bircl Flaps; Tl;e The Ilill Mo tl\C •·; a nd Th t• 1\-l:tgi c Sword.

A1\t ELlA

ll\IL\IIEL

C hildt·cn, if I co ul d w ill \'O ll the of th e Bible, it would rnn\c you a ll ··ich; hut , if I could w ill yo 11 Lhc whole \Yorld wit ho ut it, you wou ld st ill be p oo L- i' ntri L· k Hcnt·_v.

Tc ac h et·s who n rc in searc h of r ead ing mHttl•r f01• a fe\\' n10 mtn t!': of r est f1 ·om st ucl y for the< hilclrcn wiJI find th is one of the books

Th e gr cllb:sl tr uth); are the and !:O th e: g n.!Htcs lti\Ctl.- Ano n.

9/orma/ cJcho ol V /rec to r!/ ..

1(\' IWWI'T. \1. l .\

Ar thur Janr c:s /'res id ent

Cora Wil so n \'icl'

Sa idee 01 ver ing Sec r et a r_y !Jess ie Ahrarns Co rres pondin g Sec r etary

Frank Curlcy . ................. ..... ........ ....... Tn: asu >·er

l .eea :Yi ad< Criti e

m. Ja m es Scrgea11 t-at-A nn s I< u t h I I an i -.

P ea rl fl cti l. l .ihrarian l kss ic l'i :-. h t· J'. \' icc l'n·sitl cnt \\' E LL! :>;(jT():>;JA:-;

.J ul ia Pi tlarn !'res id ent

Ann a ;11/c Kercher \' icc f.Jr·esiden t K a lc \\ ' ct'< I h:• ·l So.:crl'lnry :\ \. Hen;:t sn rr C •• r·•T>' IH IIH ii n;: S o.:c n:l ary :\ linni c !)stc lrl>er·:..: I Ia ll ie Fin k L ihrnri nn

K ate Ba r nes ................ .. ..... Reco rdi ng Secreta ry l' ea d Stc,·cns on ......... Correspon din g Secretary C. ll un1phn·y Critic .. ............ . ........... . ........ Trea surer

J. A. l<ey nolcl s Sc r·gcant-at-A mrs

La \ 'i nia Ne lson Cri ti c .\. (;. l .l rcsc ht·ll. l'r c:icknt Cla d< ;\.l itc hd l. \'icc l' r c,; icklll Fra nk C n1·lcy

Y. \\'.c ''· E. ,\/ Fit h ia n

Est her A. Cln ric Pn:s ide nt .\TI r r-;;-.; r.,;-.;.

Add ie D. Ocan . \ 'icc Presid l·nl Hcr·thn Bu l l: t

St:c n :lnry

Trcn"tll't'f

Clara A. Rcco rdi ng Secretary 1\e lli c I I on 1. \' in: P rcsi<ient

Cora Hii i. .............. .. ... Corn:spo n cl i ng Sec r etory \ \'in n ic Be ll St·cretary

Ed nn :'vli tto n Trca su n: r· Yf_\Tl !e llt'\\'c_, C ri tic

norm al SchO ol

J. A. BEATT I E, LL.D ., Prc s irlcnl , Et hi cs, Ed uc nlion nnd l 't·d ngogy L II LIA:-: U. STo :-: t.::r1 , 1'1Tc c ptn ss

J. L. SH ELOO:-:, 11 s .. ........ . ................. .. ... .. .... .. ................ :\a lural II ist or·y

I I E !W ER'I' Br!O\\';>;EL L, 11 s., I 'h ys ic:t I

E. A. \V HITE;>;AC K, A. B., ,. (; t'1'111:J I1 .f ,ur r-:s P. H os ie, English and Li tt·r·:tl ul·c :\I ATT IE CooK E LI.I S, IIi st ory n nd ( ;eogTnp lt y j. :\I. Ho wm , A. n., :\ lalhe lll at ics

E.'T J! ER A. CLAR K, A. . .. . .... .. ...... .. ..... Lat in l.nngu agc [ tll<i l .itc t':tl nn: A;-.;;-.;E :\•1. GOS fi E:-:, Su pcr·in leu dcnt o fT n tini ng ilepar·t nwn t

L. \V. Pt r<E, A. Psychology nnd l' e cl agogy :\1ARA L. FE RGL'so;-.;, ............... . .. ......... .. ........ ... .... A ri t hrll ctic an d Al;:e hnt

GEO RGE K. l 'owrr::H, A. B ., : English Language a nd Li to.: r·ntun: PEAR L S. KELLEY, PI'i m at·y and C1·itic Te achcr

Lonsr·: W. l ntcn n ccl i nlo.: a nd Cr·i tie To:a c hc t-

[:o L' E. Ki nckr·gm·tcn and Cr·iti"c Tca d 1er

0CEA :--: DA IL Y, I<cacling an cl Eloc uticll t fi E:-:RY H. TIAGG , A: n ., !Jntw in ;: a nd l' nint in g li LA :\•1. SANDEilS , \' n ea l :\ I u sic :\1. DAV lS, Ins truu rc nt al :\lu s it·

Er.vA E. l<t: LO;-.;, ...... .. ............. .. . .. .. .....

Te rm. j un e 8 to August 2, 1900.

Enrollm ent. F riday and Saturday, Jun e 8 and 9, 1900.

Org ani z at ion co mpl eted and recitations and lectures begin Monday, Jun e 1 I.

Classes in all the co mmon branches.

Special classes . in ne a rly all the branches of study offered during the N prma l Scho ol year.

Tuition free. Only the registration fee specified by law is required.

The work of th e Summer School is done by the re gu lar teachers of the Normal School Faculty.

Full and detailed announcements will be made in a short time, by mean s of a circular and in Th e Messenger.

Info rmati on, fu II and free, can be had by writing to the President, J. A. BEATTIE, Peru, Nebrask a.

DR J. A. BEATTIE, President of th e Sta te Norma l School.

Co nrlll ctcrl hy .f. 11 1/ rnl'l·<.'. u( Ji nt h t• m ntics, .Vcbrnskn Swtc !\ ormnl.

\JOT II :\I E'I'IC.

:-\. A dru g stn n: i:-: wnn h ·1- ', k,.::< thnn n rlry goods Rlo n:, the d ry goo ds s!ot·c L) ''r m ore than a groce ry sto n:. :t sto re tO•r less lh:1n the gt·nc:e •·y a nd ',. thnn a :-hoc sto re. The own e1· of lhc sh oe slo rc tnuled it for the dnt g :-: l o•·..:. \\'h :lt is th e 'i or g-a in?

I. So lu tion bY Hol K' J't. %1! cr c.: lt cr, Yut a n. .i\l'hn1sk a.

Let 1 00 %= s hoe stn n ?.

20 % less th an o1· Ro• r, =h nnlw ar<' stor e. ll ' dw:ue less t han, o 1· ,0<1 of g-roc e ry .·. , '., =R: :% and (; $i ofgmcery. 11 5% of dr y goo ds st() 1·c. !)(; Of 10 2;; 'Ji ,:rr, 'fr = cl l'llg'RtOI'e

The loss on the sh oe st o n· i :-: 1 : /i .

II. So l uti on by L. P. To nn e r. Nio hn-u- a, and P. C. Cu ll e n, principa l. Sal em, Tcbr.

L et 100% =g r oce ry stor e.

Th en ll 5%= clrygoods sto t·e !.lG % of 11 5%= ll0 .4· %= dmgstore. 10 %- le ss than 1 00 91 , or 90 %=ha rd\v ;ue sto 1·c. DO % is 20 % less than. 01 SO% of sh oe sto•·c. ·. !10 %+. 80= 11 2.5 % =s h ne sto re.

Th e sho es to re or 11 2.5 % of gr oce ry sto re is so ld fot· drug sto re or 11 0.4 % of gr oce r y, the refun · a l oss of 2.1 % of gr oce t-y 2. 1 + 1 12.5=.01 } g.

·. the % of l oss is l:

·L :\'ly agent so ld my flu u •· at 4% co mmi ssio n; in creas in g the p n>ceefls by $4·.20. I ol·d crecl the purcha se of wh e at at 2% co mmi ss io n; aftct· w hi c h, whe at BV2 %, my wh ole ,...-as $ i'i '\'\'h at \\'OS the Aour \\' Orth? (Ray's New Hi gher A t;thm et ic, p age 21 9.) Snh ·c l_>y arit hm et ic.

T. So lu tion by J. W. Gamble , Gr ct n:t

,•::;, = proceeds

1 of Joss ott t1 o ur. :·q 1f 1n" ot' "" loss on wheat.

\ IU 'i IUU lOft , +'' + - loss on bo th

Then

yaluc nf fl o ur cr t o luti ons of t.h e Tw o en tire I\' dw eren s . . d fr om P. C. Cu llen nb ovc lw\'e been re cetve 1 , n nd R ohe t· t Zuercher but nre necessa n le ft O\'l'r till ne xt month . ALGEHRA.

2. Pro po!<c C y · ·

L k · Peru . 1 b E E oc ·ct.

d to bu rn 4 anrl 5

Two ca ndle s are arra nge 1 hted at the · 1 I fb o th nre tg ho urs •·e!<pecttve Y· ,. ho ur;; will one be same t ime, a ft er how man_ ?3 t im es as long as the oth er.

I. So luti on by P. C. Cu ll en.

L et x t"qun l th e requin·d t int t'. 1 ho ur I a 1 dle burns Ill equ als w t:t t one c, ' . . ho urs. d ie burn s 111 x x equ als what one can . h • Idle tn x rs. "' e qu als what the othe r ca • 5 is part kf.: of one

• 1 1 - f the ot her . ts th e part e to is th e gr.:o ter.

.·.

So h•in g, x=R , 7 ho urs.

II. S Rubo t to m. Tren- So lu Lion hy T. · ton, Ne bra sb1.

l (i ll cond iti on s.

Let x he i:olo. of lwn rs o 1 . 'fl ·• . N I ·s to burn rcl!lalll de r of 1 st 1C ll ,..-X IS I (). 11 · nnd 5 -x is 1\o. hr s. to bur n rcnlUJnd cr of 2 nd .

1 5G

Sin ce 1 st w ill lncrn Y.i in ·1 it. wi ll b urn (<1-x) Y.j

S ince 2nd will burn A in it wi ll bu rn (:l-x) ATh en 3{tl- x)Y.i = (5- x)A

So lvin ;.;. x= :-: , 7 ,.

he lUI" , hour, in ·1- x hnu

Ill :i-x he HI I'"

• tli e tllar'-. a nd .\IF lhl· l llrll !ed hy jo in the feet "I the

H. Th eo re111 Th e perpc ndi c ul :m.: fr o 111 the <i ngle s upo n lh e oppos ite s id es of a tr ian gle arc the bis ecto rs of th e a ngle s of the tr i:cn glc formed hy joinin g th e fee l of the p erpc ndicu l:t rs. (C hau \'c nct 's (; c ometr y, page

I. So lut ion hy P. C. Cu llen. AnH:Ii a 1. Giecs lman , Oma hn, and J. A. Hc..·y tHil ds. C r,cigh tn n, !\c br ask ·1.

Tlw n · \I I F :c ud 1 11..:: E arc im ilnr ·inc..-c thl· :tl'li LC .\ Ill..: j l' """'" "' til I Hit h. .· 1 t·qu ab '' \\ 'e nutil'l' th :c t thc· :\I)..;: FT. an rl FT E II lc:l\·,· 1 h,·ir-. up pl euc<:lllary. J,, cH'< ' l·i n·J.. ,·:en ,,,. ck ><criha\ ah ou t the111 . I l r:c w 1 Jt ,... ,. ,·in·k>< au d W I! lhul th e :l<:qua ls the :! lll' i ll :.! llll':t >< Urcd hy l ':l

arc E T. :\ ) '-HI 1 ,., , n: cl -. 1·. ), ." 1 nr c.: T F: a 11 rl :c,., :1 c qu ;cl t il 1·.

Si cn ila rl_,. : c11 :..: k -. :ct bt·

[In t.h e fnr l·g"in g li :..: ur ,·-: tht· :\ IlK is :1 11 :c c.: ute T h,· p ..: t' )ll '1Hiidnr><: t1·,· the hi :-.:ctnrs uf the an gks ,,f 1 he E.\1 F. while the !; id e>< of l he .\ 11 1..:: : 1n: t hc· 1 nf th e l.'Xtec·ior :cngil' s 11 f the E:'- 1 F.

In c: c><c.: II i:- : 111 11h tu >< e .:111 :..:ll' ..\ F :1ncl K E nre

hi s cctn r" ofe x lec inr :c 11gk><. w hile- th e >< ick ;: 1..::11 and :\ II of t he :\ 1 11..:: ; ,,.,. 1•i se cln r >< of in tcri nr auglc s of l he E.\ I I·'

Lc tAH Khc the_. AF, 11 :\ 1 :111CI J..: E Lhe per pe ndi c ular;: , an d E:\1 F the_ lo nn cd by joi nin g th e fc et of th e pcq1en tlicu lar s. \\'c nrc n ow to pr o,·e 1 equa ls / 2 (o c· KEF ).

S in ce E and :\I arc rt 's H K is a cliac n ctcr • of th eir c1rc uc m;c rihin g c ic-c lc, 11 E:\ 1 K: lil;e wis c, A :'\! PI-I is the c irc um sc ribing circk of :\ 1 an d F; also AEFK th cc il'C Uin SC t'ihing ci rclc.: or F. an d F.

's and -1, are eq ual, (m eas ured b.v arc F:\1 ). Bu t 1 eq uals 4-, (m en>< uc·cd by arc :\!K l. and 2 equ nls (n H: as ut·cd ),_, lh a l'c KF ) ·. angh·s 1, 2, :la nd 4- ac·c e qu ; d; and sin ce 1 : llltl 2 arc cc'Jual the :\1 EF is hi sccled. Ln l ik t· n1 an nc 1· it ma y he s h< l\\·n that. th e an gl es E :'\1 F a nd :\ I FE an: hi s <.:Ctc cl.

IL Solnt i nn hv H . .-\. Andn ": m. E:ha , :-\cbr as kn

In c: t sc II ; ,.. a righ t : tn g lc t. he E:'\IF heco m e>< th e ><t raight li11 c' I I :\1. In : ell th <: :11·c.: till' hi "t:clo c·,- of 1he an gle:-. hut. n ol n c<·c.: ss: 11·ily the int e ri o t· aug lc.: s, of till' l ri ang l c.: .-1I .1 :\ 11 :-;C EI. I \:-:Eo t ·:-;.

1. A Barn :!0 ket >< qu:11·e ><t: l!Hi>' in an op ru fie ld. .r\ lll>c ·,-e i >< lc lhct ·c.:cl al a cn n lCr nf tlw b:c rn with :t I'Cl)1 l' :)ll feel )llll_:..: 0\'CI" w ha tllt'Ca ca n t.h c.: hot·sc

1. Solu t ion hy Ft·nnk St<H: kt o n. R·d Oa k,

The figntT \\ i!l he a cano id c on ,- ist in).! of a 3 1 c i1-ck, L\\·o e qual >' t'l'tll t'>' a nd t\\'<> e qual \ 's

Let AI I FE c-c pn: sen l the h: tt·n. :!0 f,•c t l. cL ALa nd ,\ :\ 1 tTp rv ><c.: nt th et·npc 5 :l fe et l uug11 :\l , HK. EL. :c ud EK wi ll ,·,·pcT;:t·nt rnclii ,. ,· st:cln rs ancl he;-{ () l'c.:l'l l ong. E FK and 11 Fl' \\'ill rc prc><c nt t \\' o ·,.. grazed O\' tT An·n nt A L\':\•1+ LEI..: + KIf :\ 1+ EFK -j-11 Fl..: c qu :l l,: th e at·ca g 1·:t Z l' Cl n\·cr

Ti lE :-;r .\ TE :\UI.OI.\1.

l. c:t a lin<. a:- I' I hl· cl ra wn J'<-'t"J>etHiit·ulnr tn E ll. Then Ell·q tt:d :- Ill ( th eorem). EKF

II K F tl ht'<'l' :-itk:- of <lite: <.'tJU:tl rc>'Jll: ·t·

tvc:l y to thn:e s id es •>f "'her E ll equ:1b 1 fc:ct , c qu:tls t'l'l'l ( l' vthagorcan tht:mem.

Ill .:q u:1l s 1·1-.1 1-:! .-, IK l'qual:- 1 1·q uals 1 :HH >- :.!tt tl fi.'l't. c:qunl:< 1 ';Clll eq u :tl .2fi. ki7 fe e t. .\t·l·a E II K •·q u :d :< IK Ill <.'\JIHtl:< ·s- &. ') ') . · t· ·-· s q. ft. .\n: :t El ·' ll equ al:< :!l)l) sq ft. 's EFK :o t l< l I' Fll eq ual :< 11-1-.:!!) "II · ft. Sn te of anglo.: <'t ptal,.; 11' -.o.. KE cqu:t l ,.; front whit-It the auglo.: IE K i,.; found lll he fi1 ° :i:!' :io". Angl c: I E.\ l' tp tab +.-,0 •• •• lltt!.!lo.:

I' El. eq u als 7:1 7' :Ill ". ·

Alltr le I Fl: · 'll l ·· · ··· I 1'1' ,.. · • ·· ·" •·' • '" : :l t'ea qu adrllttl. ( th c:n n: nt ). 7 :1. 1 :!.I X 71lfi K(i !- !ll1 equa ls':tt'ell ,,f ,..ce tn•· cqu: ds ,-,7 -1-. :1.>. 1' :'- 111 equal,.; sect o1· I.E K. ·. : ll "<':t of hnt h t•qu :tl:< 11 ·1·8. 70.

_ ,\1 ,\>\ 1 (:1•1 c i•·clo.: "f .i() ft. l':t tl iu ,.; ) cq u:tl:< .. H.JO.:. o s q. f t.

Area of A L \' :'- 1-1- I.EK + Ill' :'-l +E K F+ tl" 1-' eq u: tl s 7:n :l. -H> " 'I · f t.

ll. lu ti n 11 I l\' I '. C . C ul 1.:11 fig-u n :. )

1/ :!( :i ()) ., equa ls 70.71 1.:\1. of 7 0.7 1 is ·s- 'IG I X • :t , •• 01· XA. Dtagona l nf h an 1 eq uals

2H.2S·I·, Ell. K ll "- II P e qu als 900-200, or 700. l/7 00 eq U:l I,.; :!H ..J-:l, K I.

KI -f- lA c qunl s 2!l ..J.r.-f- 1-1-...J-2, nr .J.O.G, n tlu e 1" \. 4-0.G - XA X K. e quals ..J.o.G-3 >. a6 e qu als :''..24·. 70.71 1 R- '>('O'J . - '- "'l.- ) -, area ol ,, 1\ IJ.C L.

1 Hil. :.:W02+ 1 2:10-·1-00 (a 1·ca of bant ) eq ua l!-; 10:1:. .20 02 a1·cn of polyg-o n .\lHFEL K. cc pw l,.; LK, OJ' 35. 7 4. Dr nw TE peqJc•ndi cul at· to L K anr1 comp ut e ZE. • V EK•-7.K2 eq ua l,.; ZE, o 1· cq unl s :N- .1 2.

:-10-24.12 equa ls r.. Z T, hci..,.ht of scrrmcnt I '1'1' · · n , . .... , whose m·ea ts lntmcl bv rul e "Divid e the c ube of the hei ).!ht by twi ce- the a nd in· c n·ase the quot i l·nt hy o/:t of the product of ht igh t and h asc." A n:H of seg m ents is 286 !'q . .ft. area of c i1·cle whose dinmetet· is 50 equals GHDO.il. \\' h ole ar cn of grazing cqun ls of ci n:le who se n1 diu s is :) 0, -f-pn lyg on ;\ II-I !•'ELK + two scg: lll ents LTK and I( N;\ 1, equal,.; :)HDO i'l+ 103 :3.:.!6-j-2HG c qu<tl s 7211 76 squnn: fccl, -a II S\\'l'l'

(.)1::: 1:{ .

PROFI I.E :'\I S FOR \IHTIDih'T IC.

•. A 111 1111 so ld two h or.-es for thr sa me price. On o ne he gni ncd 25 'f , on the oth er he lo st 25 '1 IIi :; whol<! wn ,; S20. \\'h nt t he selli ng pri<:c ?

\I. G EnR.\.

5. by H. A \n dl•r :;o n, Elbn.

f :!.1 +.l t x+ 13 :!:i-,3 , :-: = 5. lj'i nd x.

G. \\'h eu tomorrow is ,.e!'tcrdny, to-day will hl' as fnr from tht• cud of. the we<!k n:< to-duy w as from t h•· h.· innin•.,. of th<! when yest.:rday wn:< \\'h at day of t he is w-day. ltHI:ty ?

(). Pro])O::>NI by P. C. C ulkn . prin c ip al

Sn Ie m. :-lcbr.

If tit<! hi:>l"C tur:: . t risect or:: and quadriscctors of the h:tst" angles of a triangle nrc mu t ually equal. pnt,·.: t i,; iso,;ec lc.

:\1 1:-C EI .L.\ :XE n CS

:'!. Th e :lli,!!U iar deYnt ion of the top of a steep le at a pl ncc du e so u th of it is 45°, a nd at anoth er pla ce due west of the fo rm er station a nd cli s tant 11 fh.'l frout it the elevation is 15°: s how that the h l·ight of the !;tccple i!' :; ( 3 1•- 3-11 ) feeL

So lu tio ns to th ese prob lems sho ul d be sent toJ. M. Ho wie, not lat <"r th an May 5.

Sc Yentl so lution s which haYe b ee n re· cc iv cd arc wt·ong. Thi s sho uld in no way di sco urage n n yo nc lf so lu tio ns are co r· r ect. menti on will be m ad.: of sn m e. b ut if n ot , no h ar m i:; don e. Attention is agni n cn ll cd to th e fn llmv ing: (1) L et cne h proh· )em ot· so luti on be on n sepan:tte sheet of paper; (2) \\Titc o nly on one s id e of tht' pnpcr ; (H) sign nam e and ad dress tn eac h con t rihu tiotl. Also if co n trih u tors, in th ose r eq uirin g figure s to be dra wn \\"i ;] unly letters m ade up of s trnight lin es , ns A. E F, 1-1 , I. L. M, , T, V, W, X, Y anrl Z. much l nho r will he sn ,·eel in gtt lin g co py ready for the pr ess.

Ba se ball is here.

Rev.C o on sga vca tal kt.o lh c Y. M. C. A., March 18.

Mr. Yo ung e nj oye d :1 vis it fr om his hroth er, of Lin co ln

Mi ss Bertha NeA· of th e F ir st Yea r Cla ss h as go ne ho me. She w ill be in sc hool ne xt ye ar

Clifford Cat lin , '99. ofCo rd ova , s pent a two weeks vacation with hi s p arents d u• ·in g March.

Joe. Dill on , who h as b ee n detained fr om s ch ool on acc o unt of ill he nlch, is aga in in hi s cla sses

Mrs. Sc he ll ga ve a s ma ll tea pa t·tyto the fo ll o wi ng yon ng l ad ie s: Mi sses Da vis, :.Vfear s, Rul on, Gral1 am and Bo1·st.

Th e recei pt s fr om the play e nti tled "L e ft in Char ge ," g iven by the Phi lom nthca n s, a moun ted to about t hi rtv-fi vc tl o ll ars.

Eug en e H ow e, '9 9, pri n cip al of the s ch oo ls at Ne maha, ::mel Frank McNo wn of the in te rm e diate depa rtm ent w ere in atte ndan ce at D.- . 'Wi ll et 's lecture.

-"li sscs Ke ilt-y and [ J:t ,·i:-: \\'l.' ll l to :\ chm:-:l<:t Ci ty , Frid :1, ..

Dors ey .\·1ajon; has ll l·c n l.'njo yin g n fn>m his co u :-: in of lk:1t ·icc.

Miss Sn ndcr s cn t.cnai ncd a few in h onor of hcT hrot. lwr f1·om th e 1 nivc rsi l , :J.

Mi ss Longfe ll ow wa s most ag•·cenb ly s urp•·isc <l by a from hct· fat h{'l' on the l<J.t

H. Lown ofC oin, Iow a, visi t ed hi s so n, E. W. L ov,rn of the Fir:-:t Yea r Class, fo r da ys.

, C. N. Alden h as been giv in g some valuabl e le ss on s to the l ittle people in t he Practice Sc h oo l on alco hol n nd tobacco.

Ali ce San den; ent er ta in ed a few friends on the even in g of the l !'<t , 111 hon or of M'am ie Frank, of Red O· d ,, lo v>a, who wa s \'i s itin g wit h h er for Sc\'eral d ays

All wh o, in the pa st yea r, hav e the li brarian any s mall ch an ge for bein g delinqu ent, h as a mu tua l in terest in the new bt,t sts of the notc;d Am erican s, De wey a nd Fra nklin , purcha s ed rec en tly for the lib mry.

Th e their HHlll ''

Alit 1.· St r :1hl :t gn in in :-.dw ol nft na li.·w

l' rof'. II \\' II " in On t il h:t nn tlw 1 th h. n: tu rn in g th l" fn ll o\\'ing cl ay.

.\•[i ss .\ I at·y I ,vo n :t position in I ow: 1.

\V ot·t, '! lD, nf the pt-inwt·y de p<u ·tmen t in Lin co ln h as b el..' II t'l" ll l' Wi ng :\: o nn nl

were "nbon: pa r" l:t st week for u:;c in thl• biologicn ll nbo rnto ry

P ogg Golds tein. L:1 go sa and \' :w Cn mp m:trk :t at their hom e::: in Onw h :t.

Jo hn '7,. wn prese nt nt th e O il thl' 9 th , a nd was inci rkn w ll y l no kin g- :tft l' r in tc r e!: ts

Th e Y \\' . C. A. hel d sp ec in I O il the :J ,1th in mem ory of i.\ lrs. King. the s ce retn ry, wh ose den th is IH" all.

Mi sses S teve n so n : tn d sp •nt a rece nt Satu t·day in :--!l..'bnls kn Ci ty an d wh i l<.: there vis it ed the in s ti tutioq fo t· th e blind .

Miss Ar. na Bo n;t. '9 4· , of A uhun1 , nnd Mis s Ada G ib so n, '99. of f-Ittmh oldt, spent a week 's vnc a ti o t) in tht•it · sch oo ls at h ome in Pc t·u

:\11'. Ro ber ts. "·ho n in the Fi n;t Ne b t·aska, now in the employ of the \V orl d- Het·alcl, was a g it cs t of ft ·iends in the No n11 ::tl on th e 12 th .

Miss Ne lli e Hu t·n en tc r tn in cd a nu mber , o fh cr fri e nd s at n valenbin e pat·t-v. Eac h ca tTi ccl a way n d ai n ty lit tle s ouv enir which w ill ca ll to min d a very pl<; as ant ho ut·.

The p t·ogr nmm e of the So ut he as ter n Nclwa s1'a T eae het·s' As soc iation has upon its p age s the names of L ou ise vV. M ea rs, SCC I'elat-y; Su pt vV. c. Pan io tt , '9 6; Ki tt ie Tyoon, '9 3; Li ll in n U. St o ner; P ro f. 'L, WI Pi kc; S up t. C. S. Jo nes. ' 93

J{ e,·. K l' tt n gy of the We sleyan Qu a rtet, and i'a stor of E. Church nt Benne t. e xc hang ed p ul pits with Re,·. Co bb on thL· 18th. He w·as a t o rm al ca ll er the ncx.t morning

, E. 0. Gn rrett, '96. h as excl usi,·e control of the in te rests in Ne bra sk a and So ut h Dak o ta of bo th the W estern Pu bli s hin g H ou se and the Am e rican Scho ol Pu 1·n it11 rc Co ., wit h hi s office at Fremo nt. I

Miss Fe rguso n has been abse nt fr om her cla sses d uri ng se,·cral •,veck s p as t, owing to ill ness. Ha vi ng a se ri ous at tack of rhc um utism she wenl to the sani ta rium nt L in co ln for tr eot m'cnt, wh ere she is slow· ly imp rovin g. She h op es lo bt• iu herw od< Agn in

R cY. r . .\'1. Es tcrb r oo k pr cse nl erl the wo rk of th e \Ves leynn Pni,·er.si ty at the Met h od is t: C hu rc h on th e mo rn in g of t he 1 1t h, and occup ied the pu l pi t in t he C\' l'ninu. Nfr. E s: terbroo k w as p nsto r of th e l"o church here th)rt y- l wo yea rs ago when th e sc n·iccs were held i11 tiH' co llege ch ape l.

S TATE

:-.lO

IOTAL SCHOOL

Miss Denton will l<:ach this sp rin g nca r her ho me at Ke nnard. :\eht·askll. ,:J.

Th e seco nd ye :trs "ill h<.: to l""l' Olga Reynolds at lh_c do o;e of the term

Alr ea dy the o ut look fo r :1 lar ge alt<.:nd:t nrc al the S umm er Sc hool i <. ril l 1 hat co ul d he C'xpcc l ecl. .;1-

Th<.: Alu mni Reun ion at Commt•tu.: cment w ill ; it is ant ic ipated, bring- th e lar gest gathering cvet· held

The n oo n-cl a v [1ra vt r- ntccl i n «s he ld J. oi n t. "' ly hy the two C hri st i<tn Associat ions h ave betn we ll ::ttte n tled fr om the first and tht· in terest is in cre as i ng .

Daisy Dea n, who has been ve ry sic!< at 'J oh nso n, h as so fa t· r ecove red as to be ab le lo rc tu t·n Lo hct· home at Wah oo. Her sister, Miss Addi e Dea n, complet es her tc nn of sc h oo l.

E. L. ptcg r O\·e, '9 7. gi ves up te ac hi ng t hi s sp ri ng to beco me a dru ggist. He h ns purc h ::tscd the st. oc k ,:f \V D. Ab b ott in Per u, which he will 111 0\ 'IC in to the new Bor st block op po sit e the C iti ze ns Rank.

In the exen:ise s in th e ch ap el on th ee , ·eni ng of Wa shin gto n 's b ir t hd ay, Dr . Ben ttic's add r ess su pp lemented Rev. Br is to l' s lect u re in sett i ng- fo rt h d early th at b;·a in de,·clopmcnt o nl y, in tell ect ua li ty alone , t•a n neve r suffice. Th e pe r petuity of th c:-:c American i nst itut ions of o ur s and the we ll being of the indivi d ua l bot h de mand• th at ed ucati on wh ich i nclu :lcs m ora l cu ltu rt· as well as mi nd de ve lop men t. Br ai ns wi t. hout hea r t, inte llect wi thout m ora ls, h as been and C\'Ct' w ill be tht· un do i ng of i ncli,·idu a ls a nd of

Edn a C :\t·J..,un. '!t::. j prim·ipa l at Oakl:t nd

!Iennig. '( Ill Ita-.. primary !l t·p :trtml·nt :1t fnt· th1.• \'l':t r ..

.\ntH• " Jl l'n t "'l'\'t·ru l d :t ys at her h ome in .\uhurn t lt l· lir-.t .,f t lt t· n1ottth on :tt•t·ou tt t nf "'il'l\lll'"'"

\\' . E. S httnl:tn of th 1.· St.· niot · Clas:-: ha :-: been ke pt fr om :-: dtnlll fot· m ore than a \\'l'l'k on an:n nn t of s iL·k nc :-:".

Nl iss TinH:l'l tt:tn of t it : Sct:oncl \', arCla:-::-: h as scc un:d :1 :-:c h no l a nd wi ll l ak e eh :t r ge the lirst of m·x t m on th . wi ll re turn n ext \' e:t r.

Th e a dd r ess on the c\·cnin g- ;, r Fe bru a ry ::!2 was pn·cede cl h y a m u 111 lx·t· of se lec ti ons t·en d cn: d by the ba nd -a co n ce t·t in fac t. m uc h e nj oye d hy the a:-:sc mhl ag-c The l' X· cn:iscs of th e evc nin g cl osed with ll1e :iiu ging of the n at ional anthem by th e au diem·c ac compn nicrl hv thc h: nul.

On iVf nnda y n ft cn too n, M a t't' h :), ntHll.Y () f th e st udcn ts \\' ith me mb er> of Lhc fnc ulty we nt to he a1· So u sa's Ba ne! A spcc inl tra in co nvc ye cl the mc t·t·y p: tr l _v l ou nrl fr om th e ci ty. Th e noise uf th c lo co m oti ve wn s oiTset wi th co llege ye ll s and song :-:. Nurm alit cs fi ll ed th e gn ll ct ·y nn cl a po rti on of the bn lc ony nf th e O v<: da nd rl ut·in g the rou s in g p at ri o ti c ain; of So u sa 's mng ui ficc ul ba nd. At si.x o' cl oc k an ap p rec i nt i \'l· co n te n te d ('Htr ty cl cp al'te cl f <J l' Pe ru T he exc ursion w as a h ap py occas ion for Norm il l st ud en ts . l'ct·h nps it will cs t nb li >- h n lnst in g prece dcn t. You ng p cdagogm•s co ns ti t ll tc a me tT y, se lf- go ve rni ng crow<! that lh t• stntc m ay he pr o ud o f.

\\'a lt er· Camplu.: ll. ,· i-.itt•rl at tht• :\ or·m:t l. :\I :trTh I

C. \\'. S mi d1 attt rHkcl l'n·!'hytcr·:- at He rl in 0 11 tl a: l li th.

I \' :t :\ 1. C :t tl in. ha ::- th t· prim: try :tt llo ldn·ge

Eld et· \' :t tl Fleet nt :tdt• a !' hon t'; tll at tht• :\o nn : tl on the l .) tlt.

Edg :11· On·, n\\' iug Ln wo l'l.: at hn tn c. fo und it l o k :t \ 't'

L. A. C a n.a hun, · r:-; r·c-dcct. cd at \\' ith ill ctT:t sc of snlnrv.

Th e le <: LIIt ' <.: <:o mm itl et' lw :; :tlJo ut t•iaht \' do ll ar·:-; St11-plu :-; l <> b <: appli ed on the co rn·:'·c ll CX t ye: 11 ·.

lVfar·y iV I cK<:n.g, \\' hn is tca c hi.ng rH:a r· h c: r· hom t' at Osceol a. spcu t a few cl ny :-; ,·acari o il i11 l' c nr .

iVI L Tur·ncr of th e S ilv c r-Bu nlett C o. , ngc nl fo r· Nebr·n:-;ka n nd Co lorado, w ns Lran sa e ti11 g bn s in c:-;s here 0 11 the :.? 2nd.

Th e of Re v. Fr ank B ri s to l, Febnrar·y 1 D, w as 0 11 · B r·a in s ,' n ncl the ge ne rnl vcnli ct of th ose who .cr·o'\\' cle d No rm al scc rn s lo he th al th e lcct nrer was, as on ce wns sn id of one wh o l ec lur·ed on the Dev il , \' (•r·y '' f ull of hi s :-; uhj ect .' ' Tw o hour :> of such ntpid ta ' l< in g· asdem allde cl the clo :' cst, nt. tcntion lo fo ll ow ta xe d of th e thongh tru I listen er·. Tw o t hin gs strongly c mp lt : t:-; i ez d by the spc nke l' : 11-c csp cc.: ia ll y to h e.: co mmc nrl c cl to th os l' who

wo uld he tcn ch crs:-( 1} wh at cduc:n iou ::i:..'llilics bn th in i ts r oo t m c:t nin g- nnd in its a ppl ic.: a ti on tn in di Yid un ls ,-n cle ,·cl o p· 11\t'nt, a tra ining of in bo m fnc u lt ics ntt ht•r rh :\11 nn in fo rmi n g. crn mmi ng- pr oce s s. nnd ( :! ) tlH· lo )..>ienl cn ndu sinn of s uc h n ufecl m:nt ion- thcc hoice of a , -oe<ttion nftt'l' l hl· dc.: ,·duprne nt of th t' nhi li tics of t h l' pt·r sn n sha ll sh nw tht' l'O nrsc in w hi ch h e.: mny bes t labor. Hi s in sis tan cc that wi l h : Il l one·s mt·n tnl l there mu st n ee ds h t• ba ck of it an en ergy 11 n cl JHI1'1Hlse thnl s hall n cco mplish so me thi ng \\' :1:' wl'll s et fo rth m·g ati\·ely in the yuung

II I Il li who "c on l dn 't do no thi u g: , he didn 't h:t , .e no ch:tn cc.: ."

The

Contests .

Th e Ciccroniu ns h nd th ei r pre limin nry co ntests the fi rst w ee k of Fe bru ary. Eig ht of thcs t· or ato rs ap pea r ed eac h e\·enin g for three su ccess i\'C e,·cnin g s. Th e a tt e nd an ce up on these dcb ntcs wa s ve ry gra tify in g to th e bon;. Th e fi rst g ro up dcb utc rl the _ qu cs li o ;t ,-.Rcso h·cd. Th at the t' n it c rl ' St ut es should a nnl'.'> the P hili p pin e I sln nds: a ffirm nt i vc B rn rl y. Bla ck, Bu ehm ta n, \\' m. St eve nson: n eg ati n·. SnaYcly tou c, S huma n. II i ld ehra nd . T he second gro up deb ated th e qn estio n ,-R cso h ·ed, Th at C hi11 a sho uld he di vided amo ng the E uro pcu ll po wers : nfn r. twti ,·c, Ben gts on. Dill on, C nrl cy , Dob so n; 11 ega ti, e, Btu-ri ck. \\' nodell , St o ckton. Mort o n. Th e t hird sect ion. -Rcso fv cd, Tha t the go\' e rnm t·n t shou ld nw n 1111d co 11 tro l th e railroa d. telcgrn ph , : 111 c1 t el e ph one system s; a Ai rmnt i,·e, Cr owJe ,·. Lu csrhc n, Fi t hi nn . vl uncl ny; negn ti \' l' , H.umphre y. Ott o St c \'c.:n snn, 1\ li tchcll

Bucldt·,·. i\ !i s ._ · !)nih ·. nnd Pro f. Po rt er nn cl . . ' Prof. \Vhi tctt: td\ a l·te d ns j ud ges. 1\ kssr s. Wm , Stevc 11 so n. • i\ l und ay a nd Bu c kley we re cho !>en to th e dub in a jt)int cl c bnte \\'it h a :; imi l:tr club fm m th e St ntc No r nw l of Em pot·ia, Knnsns, nt Pe ru May 12.

J. Slot ho wt•r, 'H7, is n :- elcctecl at O sceo la.

J ames M aj or s and My rtl e f<ohin so n, former s tuclents of the S t:tt e .'.!o rrn al, wen: ma n·ie cl last m on th . Th ey wi ll on the ir farm west of P eru

All the Al umni w ill he gn ·atly di srtppointc cl to kn ow that Pr o f. Get>r gc ll owa rd ca n not c ome: th is yea •·,to :.,riv e: the annu al ad cl •·c:ss. An o th er good s peak er wil l, of cou r sc, be see u red.

Miss Lena S mi th lw s enjoyed <l \'tstt from he t· m ot her an d ht-r siste r s, \'li ss es Blanche and Mildred. They will soon join her fa ther a nd bro th er in C al iforn ia- whcrc t. h e_v wi ll make lhei t· future h ome.

Th e Sha ke spea re Cl ub hacl an o uting a pd reception at the plcasqnt home of \V

T. Majors on th e e venin g of the 19th i nstant when they we re rece i ved by Miss Ba rbara M ajo rs assisted hy, Miss Es telle Graham .

Rev . W. D. Wi<.:kize r of Beatrice adu t·cssed t ht' Y. M. C. A. 0 11 Sa tu r d< • v evc11ina a nd - 1:? Sunday a fternoon th e 24th an d 25t h, apd s poke to a lat·ge a udie n ce in the ch apel on / Su nd ay eve nin g. Mt· Wicki ze r is a forc ibl e spea ker and arou se <l m uc h in t c1·est in worl<.

::vl ea n; e nj oye d a mo st plea sa nt s urpri se a nd the Sha rc ch1h a cl eligh tfn l eve ning n t h e1· home in ho n or of her bi,·thdn v r ecent ! \'. Thc t·e wa s n l) t·ofus ion of. ' • I flowe r s, an d no lac k of g oo d thin gs rcfr es hn1ents da inti ly se r wd. Miss G1a ham assis te d ma tc ria ll _y in the e\·cn in-g 's cntnt l'l i11mcnt. Tht· eve nin g sp ent a rt ned force to lhc wislws 'for many h ap py n: tu rn s o ftht·

1 Edn a York of \\"au -..:1, n :'lndt.:nt 111 till' St:tlt' ;\unnal , \larch 11

it· :111CI K 11 t l' Stu ll w t·t·L·c:tl kd h tHllt.: tu \ulmrn, thl· :!lith. hy 1 hcit· lwolht;r's dt·nth ..

Th e \ '<: l.'llllclud l·d their Ch:tpd tnlks . Th ey will hl· hL·:1nl fn 1111 lhL· pintform agai n sonn 111 tht·i1· Thl'Sl'S, \pril 10 ll and l :! I

Dr. \\'.:'\ : 111d w ill: : 111e l daug h ter. of :\c lJr :ls k:t. s pen t dnys wit h l'n >f l' nrll'l'. lJr wn:: a membe r of one <• f the u·:1inin .!.! d ns.::es of th e :\o rmn l in ' k,l.

"W ith Shah·s pe an.• in Pic tun: nnd. on g" wa s the suhj<.:ct of a de lightful, eve ni ng '$ <:ntcrtainm c nt, Mat ·ch :ll-(, in lhc C hupd hy Mi ss E ll i s, assisted in the mu sic by Mt:s. \Vhitcnm:k, Mis ses Rn hcrt s. Du\·is and Sanclct·s, nnd Po t· tcr nnrl H osi<". The lantern ,·icw s wc t·c vct·y f·inc a nd were nwcl e comp lete hy brief explanatory tn lks a 11 d sc lcc-t('( l t'CH clings

The clcpartmcn ts of .iVI. usic and El ocution have given a se ries of t-ec itals thi s term th at lwve add ed mu<.: h intct·es t to bhc w<, r l' clone in l:n·anch cs. Thnt on Febnwry 2R, given hy th e Glee Cl ub s, I • I a m ost crecl i tnble a ffait· to a ll taking pnrt in The Piano anrl Vocn l ga vc an a ftc rn oo n t·cci ta I i\•1 arc h 2H. Tlw prog t·am of so l os Hn cl du ets hy the pupils and -..v as we ll t·enclcr ccl highly enjoyed by the lat·gc pre s ent It reflect ed <.:n·cl it 1.1p on the Mi ss es Davis and S anden< . The re cita l w as giv <.: n the aft c nu\on of Mnrth 27. Th e pupi ls di:-:pluyed an case nnd gr ace of ma nn er a m ost pr ofit' ab le tn1i ning and s ucc es sfnl in s truction u nder d i1·cction of Mi ss Da il y.

Your Friend attd m. 6.

ltl'"\11: ,.

, \nd '-olic.:its )'0111' kind pn trm1:1p.c alway:- plens'-· the.• 1 'cru' i:w:; th c.-ntntst the ir to tn\· c.·•tn:. rou :u·c <th\·ays MORE Tf1AN 'VELCOI\lE

In 0ld place, T.llompson & ;Department

·.W,esiCrtt ' School Book Co.

• ""' ' If ' ' .._

I • •, '1' FREMONT, NEBR! -. f.·, '- ""' "'

1:-. th.c pfl) .c Of ::c h no l s upply in the ,,·orlrl-Tbe American Furni• hm: Co_. , of G{1i dL-*'Q. , \\'t' sdll c.Wt.•l·yrhin ,(l' sc h)H.l ls. in <l.'t'' nne.! snt ic 1l the t.'tl\l clltl tln. \\ ntcus ht:tn re yrm plAce :>; o 1hatt,tc r w,l):;t_t. ,)'<lil. t: rtl(I1 \w han! itt !f1lllli ty hest nu d P.rin·s l \\' to J·,i;J1 J P.ubli'S iung House 01 a nd, sc.> ll C\'t rythm g pcrtnmmg- to the POLLARD. OF EAcHING READING. \\'rit e fnr 'a free Lrenti:>c <nl t ilt;rhod. '\•,'.J.ui· I:\ H1ifll'.V we \Viii sell yo u at \\·holc:>:tk pricl.' ';ll!V hook 1Jilhli;:lwd. ,, ualtc n s pucra lf..y, and scho ol libr:lrics in size lrcllii ,iQ lo .)000 vols Adrlrcss ;t il ' J" •· t' if'HE WESTERN SCHOOL BOOK CO E. 0. GA,RREf.,.. ;, ,\l.l'l '' , r FREMONT, NEBR

1 . l i r:- f. '...'.t '/ , all competition, l , 1 Jn' Sty le, at 1\'\odedte l>rtce.· nnd Constantly Adding New Features l !

Vo l. ni., N o.8 . PERU, NEBRASKA , APRIT. MAY, J900 . Whole No. 22.

CHILD CULTURE.

/? ,· l.n11 i:.:c 11 ' \l cn r." Cr it ic 11.·m·h a. Sw te .Vorm fl l Sc hool.

fA ll :odclr'<'>' ' rk lh· n·d ntlh<· Fn rnu: rs' :>;,•h rn,.ka. f'chrun ry 7.1900.]

ITw:1s

mt.t<: h pkns un: th at l act•t• pted :tn lll\' 1l al 1nn tn spe: d' at yo ur lnsl il ut e. At fi t·st thought I th at the su bj ects u po n \\'hi eh I mig ht h ceu n,·cn ;a nt wo ul d n ot be :t ,"p•·n pt ·i ate for the lll't':t!-oio n.

Th e m os t in te t·e:.:tin g of a ll s uhjcets tn m (', nnd the one hnall y l'11 usc n, h as bee n of s in ce the c t·ea ti on uf t ht• h un1 nn r ace, Hncl in a ll pt·o ha bili ty w ill co nti nu e to n ::ce i vc a ttenti on fot· tocn m t•. M t·n a nd \\' O men of n il pt·ofcss ions a nd s tat ions of life h:1vc <1 co n cc t·n in it . a nd ncvcn ;u mu ch asat th e p n.·scnt day. \\li th t he se consi dct at ion s, I dcc irl cd to t·isk the s uhjcc t of Child Cu lttu ·<'\at a Fat·mct·s· fns ti t ut c. I h ave no h ope of brin gin g yo u a !> in glc new fat·l, but that ns we co nsickr n s ubj ec t in w hi ch vvc at·e n il so vi ta ll y nnd inte n se ly in tc t·cs t cd old fa cts m ny np pca r in a n ew light and nut· in tc t·cst h edce p encd an rl quicken ed is t hi s ge n cntt iun of c iti ze ns thal is grow i ng up at'o un d u s.

Many t im es when my pupil s are d c(•p ly cngr ossc.: d in th c it · st ud y bo ut ·. nnd I ta l< <: the o pp o l'tun ity to oh sc •·vt• cnc h a nd C\'c t·y c hil d \ 'H t·i ous though ts a rc suggt•stcd: wh at hope a nd li ulc.: bein g t·t·presc n ts! h ave c lo thed nnd fe el him . JW O ba h ly at n s:tl'l' i fice,

an d pl nl.'t'rl him in o ur tr ust fo r the day : here \\'e tenc hers mu st ta ke up the wor k: wh at ki nd of a man or woman will this or t hat c hild b eco me? wi ll ou ts ide in fl uences mtd o th e aoo d we IHI\'e acco mp lished t hu s ,., m ay occur to-day th at will a ffec t the c hil d th ro ughout hi s enti re life: wh at CH il [ dp to -d ay to imp r ove the li,·es of th CS l' ch ildren?

\\'hen so me good cml SC is pop ular, we an: a ll eage r to jo in it There see ms nt prcsc t;t to bt• a st rOJt g spi ri t nmong reformers, p hil :'tn th ropists a nd ed ucnto rs to s urrotmcl our c hil dren wi th en n ob ling i ni nfl ue nces an d lav the fo un datio n for good citizens hi p. Tit ese ea r nest peop le arc bnildin g for the fu r ure, and ma ny promotcrs of the ca u se w ill di e before they have _an op pot·tunity to s..:e the r es ul ts of the ir und e rt a kin g.

In one of the Soc ial Se t tlemen ts in Chicago, a r es id e nt sa id to m e. ·•We rcac h the pa•·cn ts t ht·o ugh the c hil cltTn ma ny times. Th e c hildren ntte nd o ur ki nderga r ten and the pnt·ents b t•t·o mc s utnc iently i nte r ested tn ,-i si t. Tht• n w l.' do o ur best to wi n thei r tr u st ancl co nfidcn ('C"

Il'ynu 1111\'C ,·i!;it{'d Hull House nn d The Common:< in Ch icHgo, you nre no do u bt co n \·imTd uf the good \\' Ork done there.

,The pr in ci ple upon which thescsc ltlcm<:nt s are m ade is th at good C hri st ian people res idin g per-manently am ong the: in du s trial cl asses in a poor part of t he c ity can by ex a mpl e and teach in g impro,·c the st :tndard of life. The object of Hull Hou s(', ns sta t ed in it s chw tc r, is to prov ide a high er c ivi c and soc ial life; to in st itutc: a nd ma inta in educat i on:d and p hil ant hn>p ica l ente rpri ses; a nd to inv cst igHtc and impro\' C the co n diti ons in t he 'in du st rial districts of C hi cagq·.

Th e ho ur c; w hi ch f spent in Hull ll ou se were a r eve la ti on to m e. Th e dirc<.·tion s are ma nifo ld in w hi ch th ese peopl e :•rc reaching out to save hum an i ty. Schoo ls ar·c in progr-e ss, handwo r·k is ta ught. n·adin g ro oms arc ope n, m en's c lub s, s in g in g a nd ph ys ica l c ultur-e societ ies are OJ'0';.-111 • n 1zc d. Th e d ay nurse ry wh ich is d es igned for c hildren wh ose m ot hers :t re o ut at work, is open a ll day. N ur s es and a physician are in atte nd au ce. I th i11 k l ca n n eve r forget the sce ne that m et my eyes in tha t day nursery. It w as noon when a ll th•e babies were as leejJ. Th e mo tley po-pula ti on of Am e rica w as there. In o ne c rib l ay a ct11·ley ha ired H eb r ew infa nt, in nnothcr rep osed the dark-eyed It a li an a nd in ano ther the Aftxe n ha ired whole. r oo m fu ll of babies. Circu l at in g pic tur es are o ne of th e n ove l sc h emes. Paintings ai-e l oa ned for two wee ks at a ti me to b ri ghten the dingy homes of the co mmunity. Employment is provirled for c hil dren after sc h oo l h9 urs, ga!llCS a re ta ug ht them on the pl ayg round. Thu s the temptat i on a nd whic h s urround this class of c hil dren a nd cou n te racts the good influences . of sc h oo l, a re o ut by good w hol eso me p ast im es.

The numeron s Puh li c Homes, Sa ni tariums , H ospi ta ls, a nd Sea-s h ore Hom es for C hild ren w hi ch I have pr ov e to me ' conc lu si ve ly th at a gn ?a t wave of s _vmpathy for c hildren h as ri sen in hum an h ca r·ts. But it is mo re than sy mpathy w hi ch h as

actuated good pt:opk to rk votc..· their Ji,·c and millionaire!- llll·ir· to the c ultm·c nfch ilrl rcn -it i-, thl· ).!I'Cl\\'ing knuwled g<: of the n·onom ic..· pr in ci pii.: th at !'oeidy is an organi..,m buil t out o f' the.· cn llccl a nd <:ad1 11tom E con omists tell u!- of lll l' gr<:at a nd r: q>icl increase in the n umht· r· of hn m:an A \'c ry large pr·o p nrt ion of thl'!'t: h ov e but a fn\' yca rs !'t: h oo lin g. Th e puhli a: sc h oo l tlwn !-. : an i 111 fl.ll'llSc hilit y. we

A Jll' il'!-.t i:-- quott:d s :ayi ng. men chile! the fir !' l SC\'C II of i ts li fe ntltl you may ha vc hi Ill t h t: r es t of hi s life Thi s pr·i(:!< t cv id c nt 'y :tppr·<: ci:all·cl \'HliH: h ' . I I of yout lu rmpn·ss ron s.

Lt:t us <.·onsicl cr bri e fl y, so me of th e w hi ch that nohl<.- institu tio n in Amcricn t h<.· publi c sc h oo l, is attempt in g in the lowe r· gr·ndes Th e h :1s b ee n urged to s tudy th e c hild In f:a ct th cr·c i!< ::a sc p nr atc hr·a nch or sc ience now fo r· tea cher:; l<n o\'v n ns c.: hilcl s lurly. Ph ysic:d defects, s ul·h ns tho se of sight en· hea r·ing , are rll'tected by th e te ac her·. Th e clcnf c hild is no lon ge r· mi st aken for· th e stup id 1 as an illu stra tion a la rg e :-;t r·n ng hoy wh o came under my n ot i ce for scvcn1l Hi s teachers co ns id<.Tc cl hi m n dull c hil d. who occnsjona lly u!; wit h fairly go('.d work. He had a nJ n nv time s oiv in (T no an swer at a ll to • n o teac:hcr!'' q ue s ti on s. Thi s on·c ho_v Ji scuu ragerl more t eac her s th :111 did a ny hoy in o ur sch oo l. L ast wee k in t hl' ch ild s tu dy o ur· profc!'sors tested hi s h en ring n ml ' I s ight The h ny wns unab le to h.:nr n

w atc h tic k· thirty i nch es f1·om eith er cnr Th e n (H'm al cu r· sho ul d ha vc heard 120 in ch es a'vva v. He was uu nhlt• to r en d the l etters upon a cnnl pe rfectly with eit her eye. He was n lm ost e ntirl'ly un a ble to det ect odor s, as he hrentlu:d through his mouth.

Wh en a teacher hn s asccr-tain'ed facts as the se co n ce r-n ing a ch ild, sht• much bcttcr"prcparccl to deal 'vvith him I

The: pu mud1 mn n.· furrc:ach i ng th:1n fo n ncdy i:: tllll tnugln as nn hut :1:: a tu an c.-nrl; th at in ll: :tl: hing d1ild tn n:ncl. WI.' to t' tllti \ 'a tc :1 t:l 'lt.' for rc.·ading. This may see m li ke :1 without adifTcrc n cc. hut it is pl:1 in enough w h1.•n we co me to t hin k : ti Hnl t i l. Tla.· reacle1· in t he d nss 111 :1 y nt·,·c..·r· <.':t l 'l.' to tTnrl goo cl honk s. The n·a htl of gonrl li u.•1·a tu n .• must he OJJ e iH:d Ln h int :1 nd c..: nounh •rin·u to tempt him to fo li o \\' up the :: <.·an:h. .-\ ftc:r u ll we nt·e o nl y getting the c hild in pn!. ition to c<luc : 1te him se lf. fnr edm·n ti ou i:: not co ntined lo the :,; ch on ! I'O o! : t. :\Inny of yo u d(luhlle ss Jl() ticccl thl.' illust•·a ti on of lh <.· \ Vnshingtnu city sch ool::, in the 'L ad ies' !l ome Jo unt :.t l. .\pl ot of gnllln cl is a ll nwl.'d the sm:dkst ch il dn:n for a garde n. The a1·<.· p lant ed nud th e Oo ..,vcn; fo1· by th e· li tt k pupil:: , the lt·nc hct· wo ,·ki11g : 1111 0ng t hem.gi\'in g th em inRu·uction!j and lead in g them lo ohscn ·c. At :t n ot h cr time t he t<.·achet· ha s th em iu th<: zoo l og ica l garde n to obscr \'c a b uffalo or dcc1· for thei1· g-eography lesso n or t hl·v a rc out wit h ya•·d-sticks and m ea;uring the par·ts of o buildin g or a ::; id ewa lk for pn:1etical work in arithmetic. Some time is gi n:n cnch d: 1y to sew in g when th'e pupils arc ta ught to h em n ea tl j' dnd 't patte1·ns, etc . In this vVashington sc h oo l tends toward the pr·actical nnd co u ditin ns were a lm ost ideal. l \.v as most in terested in ' the l esson in CI VICS. Th e li tt le p eop le we r·c taken to the mai l-box a nd an ·o bje ct le sso n g iven . teachin g the n e<.:essa ry add •·ess and r easo n for u sing thcstnmp. inte1' cst in g ta lk about the null'\ber of hands this letter p asRCS th1·ough b efore it •·encf1es its destination, and how o nl y a few yca 1·s ago we wou ld ha ,·e waited a Wl'Ck to J't•ceive the l<. ttcr th at now con1es to us in a da y.

And here I ·wo uld pau se to menti<.ln the imp m·t::1 n cc of t<.·ac hin g c hildren the int e r· depe nd cm.' <.' of mankind. The commo n illu stration of the hreakfast-tnh le is [I go od

nuc..•. The co f1\.-c, ,ng ar. snit bccfsteakho \\' nw ny hundreds of hands hel ped to fu rn ished thesl.' thing:; rcq ni rl..'d for the s im· p lc:H me a l. :\ ni ce li ttle book on this s nb· jcc t for c hildren is "Aunt :\l nrt ha's Comer Cuph on rcl." Childn·n need to kno\\·someof titismutn nl h,elpfnlncss in or der to np pt-ct·in tc the ir nch·n ntaat•s.

!'he :;t on· of Robinson C rn snc teac hes this Jt.sson he:lll t ifull y. It has been n•,·ised :1 nd is us ed as :1 n :n dcr in the 2nd nnd 3rcl grn rles . story \\;tit whi ch we are all so li lllt.liar is mo re than n mere na rrati ve of a ch·eu ture . It is t1 clas!'ic brt·ause it preseJilS in co n crete form tht' c..'C on o mic hi!<tory of ru:111 kind The strugg le of the rnce from the l' ntd<.· pro cluction of h nrbn ri sm up to thl' perfect 1of the present. with i ts po\\'cr over nature , is here typic· : ti l y rcpresen tt•d.

In the shipwreck Robin!'on was th e o nly one sn,·ed . and un u lonel y island, he ma n:vres to lin· se,·ern l vea rs. He 1w

• 0 mo re m<:an s of than hnd barburic man. Ht• tak es shelte r in a cave In the \\'ree kage ht• finds. nmong ot her t hin gs . b·1"' of•.ro lrl a nd so me kn i ves. Mone\· is u 'l""' • useless h ere The kn :ves arc bet ter. He h as no w atch, so he m akes a s un dia l. He catches a goat from which he obta in s milk. For u :ight at ni g ht, he burns guat fat. The lo nely exi le longs for th e h ome fr om which he fl ed a nd the d ea r parents wh ose hear ts he sp sordy g ri eved Th e poet Cowper h as written what he tmngin cs Robin so n 's feelings to be:

Snciet ,;, friendship and love bestowed upon man,

Oh. had I winl!'s of n do,·e

How soon would I taste you agnin! l\ ly so rro ws T might then assuage

In t he ways l)f re ligion and t ruth : l\ light lear n from th e wi s dom of age

And he ch eer ed l)y th e salli es of yo uth

The lesso n taug ht in the book is that w ith o ut mutual hel pfu lness c i,·ilizntion re· mlliliS Ht a low !ll a gt:

If we wish to :JCCll111)l li sh the he!<t r<.·s ults

wit.h o ur children, we rnusl han: pc rli:ct. c o-o perati on be tw een th e lwrne a nd t.he sc h oo l. Parc:nts a nd teac h ers mu st work togethe r. If a tcaL·hcr co uld know wlwl :1 child says an d docs ot. ho rn e, wlwt n n: vela ti on it wo uld be to her! IJ ow m uch helwo uld und ers tan d him For o ur li t tle peop le o ft en lend a dou hie li fe und er tl w rest r ai nt of the sc h oo l-r oo m and th e frecddm of the ho me 1 kn ow a li tt le gi l"! who lea vcs a home where brule fo rc e is th e o n! y l aw a nd c urses a rc sp oke n fr ee ly, and c:1ch mo rnin g she co m es tr·ipp in g int o th e kinder ga rten, !ca ms th e lesso ns of po li tenes s a nd un s elfi s hn ess, w hile h er li LLie ha nd s do as da in tx wn d< as th ost of any c hild pre sent. What a t as te of th ese fe w ho ur s at sc h oo l mu st be to th; rtl hild!

So me pa rcn ts arc too busy to gt·t acqu a in ted wit h th eir c hil dren·. 1 !:ca rd of a fa rm er who was as ked how ma ny c hildren he had. He sa id, •·Why -why, well ,... there is Sa r ah , Maud , .Jo hn, Nelli e- wife, h ow many hav e we?" '·Seven, of co ur s e,'' sa id his w il e. "Well wh at with U:\7 he ad of catt le, 13 calves, 59 h ogs a nd GO Bra hma c hi cken s, I am kep t pre tt y bu s y.' '

In the ir a nxie ty to pr ov id e wo rldl y goo ds for their fami li es, pare n ts l ose sig ht of th e fa ct th at the dea r est pl ace on ea rth, no matter h ow hum ble, sho ul d he tht• hom e. A sweet memory of fath er a nti mother is the ri ch est legacy pa rcn ts can leave' th e ir ch ildren. Is it not t ru e that ma ny tim es when a ch ild ha s expc r·iencc cl

so me deep em otio n, he wi ll con fide it to so me fri e nd in stead of hi s Whv ?

"O h, lwei I only known Il l\' 1.: lrilcl was doin g th at! ll :rd I only l<nn\\·n! En·n·om• see ms to h ave known iL hu t nr c."

Th e subject of c hi lei cu i urn: is sm:h a br oa d oiH: th:r L I lr:l\·c pn:fi.·,Tccl to lh \'l·ll up on ;r fell' p oints . I lr :1 \' l' tr ied LO ;l\·oi d th eo ri es and talk co n c.:L· r ning- pr:l l'L ic: d :r nd existing co ndiLi on s. I lr: rd lr cq ll'd to say rnon:: : ch o ut m:rny im p on: rn t l<.:ss cJns c lrilclre n sho nlcl lea nl. Clnc Lh al I :-: hal l t: rk c.: limc to rm:n Lio n i:-: r·cs1a:c.:t for o ld :cg<: : rncl s up e ri or s. Tht·rc is du t· :c cc.: rlnin n: :-: pt cl from the yo un g to the o ld \\' hil c.: we hl·li evc th: rL in thl· o ld co un try wlrl· r·t· thL·cT i:-: cla ss di st in ctio n. th er e.: i:-: t oo 1111r c lr ( lt-t"crc.: n cc requ ir-ed stil l we : crL· in cl:r11 gc r· of goto the ol h tT cxt rCI11l' in Arnc r· ic : c. Th e li ttt le boy who ca ll s o ld nH:n hy their· fir st n:1m cs , takes a sc:1t while o ld p eo ple arc for ced Ln s tnnd, co n trarlict s hi :-: pn l·t·rJ ts unrese n ·cdly. is in nc c.: cl of so me tc ac hing 1 alo ng the Ji ne Of" r"C!'j)CC t.

The pa ren ts' actio ns towa rd ot hers is sure.: to be imit Ht ccl hy th eir· c hildr en And erso n' s li ttle s tor·v illu stn lt C;:; thl· poinL exactl y. An age d th cr was li ving wit h hi s ma rr ied clau g hl el'. li e bce: unc so ne rv ous and pal si ed tlra t he w ould :-:o rn etime s let hi s c up fa ll or pus h hi s pl :1te fnnn t.h c tnble So th ey st ation ed n. honnl in t he co rner for gr·a nclfat he r' :-: la hl c an d gan· him a w oode n bowl to cat fr·om. The li ttle gntnrl so n sa id , ·• Qh. m ot her· and father l 'n 1 so gad I' v<.: see n ho ,,· yon nn: d oi ng f<H" gra ndp a. Now wbt·n you get o ld <111d li ve with m e. 1m go ing to put I It' " yo u 111 a co rn er )y your:-:c

He does not kn ow ho v.· fat he r· or· mot h-er· wil l take it For in stan ce, the c hild experiences a ch an ge of h eart, · but hi s pare nts h av in g never s poken. to him co ncern in g hi s so ul 's we l fa r·c, he h as nol eou ra ge to te ll them of hi s n t•w co n vict ions. He d ocs n ot fe el acquai nted when matters of s piritu al l-ife are in qu est ion There is no thin g sa dd er th at a home where paren ts a nd c hildren do not un d ersta nd one an o t:her. \\'h en it. is too the s n_y !',

We arc often with the kn o wlcclge th at o ur c hildren a rc bein g corrup te d hy .cYi l S uch i nf'o nnati on alwavs co m<:!'; as a blo\\' , no m: ttter· what sus pi cion :-: hav e h cc n. Th e n at ur ·a l th i ng for th e par·cnt or teac her· to rio is to co mm en ce a sc r·ics of nne! se rrn o 11i ze an tl mo rnli ze. is n qt the so l ut ion of the quest ion Th e par·e11 ts whn nrc p<crtic ul ar· to h ave th ei r· e hild1 ·c n i11 th e h onsc in the and th en p n)\· ick no e nter-

t."linmcnl for tlu:m. han: not -. \) hcd th\.· l'i Lh\.·r.

\\'c cnnnnt Jll' l.' \'l' lll o ur l' hildn•n fr om coming in l' lllll ll l'l with sin. hut Wl' l'nn rln much lO l'OIIIIll'r:H.' l thl• l'\' if \\' c cnn mnk<.' hollll' "IH.' h a pi:H·c th:u chi ldren Jo, ·c Ln hl· tlll'l' l' \\\• l' :tn till thL•ir minch; so full of g(lncl that thcr...• no time or plan· fu1· l'Vi l tltnughl I hcliC\'C th:ttl'OIIH:s IH: an: :-<t tn ntl\. ring a tion.

If a L·hi ld h:t !-' :1 t:l:-<Ll.' for· rL·acling . thL•n: is grcttt IH•p l.' fn •· him . .\ gnnd hook m :\ \' sa ve him" fro 11 1 tl ll· ho n·ihk of idll·•·s who pniso n th e \'Cry ai r with th l.'ir :-< JlL'L'<.: h.

Some of llu.: h onks \\'C h:1\ 'C fou nd pa rticu l ar ly nda ptL·cl to c hilcln.·n het \\' CC II the ag es qf ci gh t a nd f'o u r·tl·cn arc:-

Olack Rca uh·.

Hird s' Cnt ·ol.

Lit tle L ord l!' rnlll tlc t·o\·.

Putsy. ·

Th e Sto •·y IT o u•· h.'· K \\'i).!g-in .

Uncle Ton1's Ca bin . R ob in son Cr·u s•>c. fur the hny !'> and hnnks by l' an !>y' aud ,\(is s Alcott fot· th e.: gi d s.

.\II wo rk :tnd no piny makes Jnek a dull boy. But the kind of play im po rtant demen t. If on interesting gnmc will kec..•p n hoy o ut of miRthief.let us get gn mc . I noticed in n l':\lnlog sent out by Flnni· 1-t:lll a list of Firc.ick Educnt i onn l Games, pril't' t \\'l'n ly-fi n• l"Cn ts One is ca lied ·'Strnngc P coplc.'' ckpict iug the drc S!', mnnnL rs nnd cu sto ms of tht· uati,·cs of th e wu rld; anothl·r, the Gnllll' of Poems, of Flugs.

:\ h oo k th nt pnn nts nnci tcnch e rs ought tn nud npply thr lesso n that it teac hes is. "Evo lution of Do dd" hy o ur wdl -k tH)Wtl writt-r Hmdry Smith. lt de· picts the of 1111 ordi u nry boy. nnd appt•nls to the sympathy of thhug hlli.tl

pcr:::o n.

\\ hnt sn id the Gnwt n nd Good Teacher <'H I the s ubject of Child Culture.? ·•Take h eed tlw t yc do n ot despise o ne of the se li ttl e on es; for l say un to you th at their an"Cls do A I w 11 ys beh o ld the face of my Fa- "' thl·r whi ch is in HcRvcn."

Go d. dut v, d est inY. ' imm o rtality-th es e 'are mirron .:d th e: ht;m an so ul lik e stn rs in a mo untni n ln kt•; th ey arc rdh:ctcd int>ur natures be cause th ey glow in the firmament, nnd we arc mirror!; m::tdt: to bear th e ir imagc. -Frances E. Will ard.

SHALL ALL PUPILS PURSUE A SYMMETRICAL COURSE OF STUDY.

}. fl . S/ ot h (JII't: r, L' Jn.., s uf '!J7 .

TH fS quest ion rl ocs n ot npply to th e pupil s of any particu lar sc ho ol, or class of sc hool s; hut it app li es to the pupil · in a ll of ou r public sc h oo l s. 1L co nfr o nts th e t<' aC hC'r at the beg innin g of hi s career, and fre qu e ntl y when he c han ges from one co mmunit y to cr.

Thi s is n qu est ion tlw t sho uld r ccei vc th f· co ns iderntinn of c vc·ry pare nt who is about to enter hi s c hild in any of ( Jill' schoo ls. No b oa rd of C'ducation c an es_ c·ape giving an answer to it, wb en cvc 1· it presc rib es a course of s tud y.

Thi s que s ti on sho uld be a nswered , by bot h pard1t a nd teache r, in th e li gh1. of what they h ope to do for the c hild And , since the child' s life is be fore him , it me an s tl1at we must answer thi s question ' in the light of future co nditi ons thc t· than in acco rd with p as t events. But o pini ons differ wid e ly as to what t he pupil is to g:ain by pur s uing a pre s cribed co ur se of st udy Child. a nd pnrent , pat cnt nnd te ac her , di sag ree.

I will say th at the educat i on of th e e hilcl sho uld d eve lop hi s indivi chw li ty, making him a p owe r in him se lf. ,It sho uld direct hi s ass imil a tive tendencies, mal<ing him a d esirable factor in soc iety. And it !.' ho uld sti mul a te hi s moral tendenc ies, gt·ounclin g him on principl es, t hat will mak e him a valu ab le citi ze n.

Accepting these as ends wo rthy the effort required to sec ure th em, the .q uest ion still rem a in s: what sha ll he t he na tnrc of the co urse of s tud y, I am co nvin ced th a t, h ov,reve r far a pupil may be a ble to purs ue a pre sc ribed co urse of s tudy , th at cou rse sho uld he one of s vmmct t·v.

Th e c hild when he scho ol, pt·esc nts himse lf, a re mark a bly s ymmetrica l 1 g row th. w ith few exce pti ons. And these irn·g ul a ri tics in ch: vclopmc·nl! an? lar ge ly

cl ue lt• lten.: clit ary con di tico n s. :trill :1 pn: malurc em:o ur : tgL· m L· nt of l'l" t· tain f: tc·tdtics. m -c o tnpan iecl l >y :t pn-j udil·ial cli s rcg:trd fur other s of equ:tll_v g n·:tt e tnhr yo ni c s tre ngt h. A w:t · with t il t· itll-: t l h:t t th is c hi ld n n:t tur·almatltl"lll:t tit·i: tn. :1ncl th:tt one a JWtttr :d phil oso phl·r. or· wlw

The law s nf nrttun· :trv l il t: of sy mme tri c :d growt h :tn cl d evl·l.,pme ul. The cl ose ohslT \Tr of the e: trlv :tl·ti vit iL·s of c hildhood finds muc h to Lit e the ory or n predom inat in g tcn cl cn c·y. or abi l ity :dong ce nain lin es of a L· tivity II .: find s that thi s s upp ose d tenrkncy is l:trgc l _v clu t: to the tn:alm L· nt of the l· hild hy the pnt·cn t. and th e: te ac.:h et·.

The pn t·cnl wh o t hink s thnt ht encl - winnin g is the problem of life, :tn cl thn t mathe matie s arc e mpl oye d in i ts so l uti o n. enco urages hi s c hild to lcnrn nnmbcrs. The parent who has le: u·nccl to app t·cci ate the be auty and for ce of good l: tn gunge . anrl to pri r.c good lit e rature , wi ll in a ll pmbahi lit y watch the cxpn?s sion of his c hild. He will aro use in the c hild a desir·c for litent- ' ture, by suitab le and we ll to ld sto rie s. In lik e manner the mo thc t· who l oves s in gs to hc1· ch ild and its youn g l ifcrenchc s o ut and imbibes a likin g for mu sic. The ' love r· of art supp li es t hcchild with pictures and it soon shows a for them.

Th e sa va ge mother, who ha s no knowledge of these things. het·child in the corner , 01· him on the g t·o und; a nd he grows up without a ny manife s tation of a spceia ll il<in g for a ny of these things .

Am o ng c hildren of c ultur ed par·cnts , we find few who di sp lny a n atural tende n cy al ong ce rt a in lin es. VV c dis co ver t ha t the majo r:ty of such chi ldt·c:n beco me successful st udent s of a w id e ntn gc of subje c ts.

All of the se ins tan ces point ra th et· to nn cnr ly abn or mal d evel opmen t of so me fnr-

ulty of the.: dtild', mincl through dll' inllumcc of tla: pan·nt . than to :1 t Hilu r: ll gruwth in on e n·n:tin din.: t·tiuu

Funhc r '-''· icklh: c.· in !- 11ppon of f:tt'l j., o,upplicd hy l'lllldition-: found tn t•:o..i:-:l in difTcrcnt :-.chool..... n1· in tlilli.- rc.· tll ckpanof l he.: :-.: tnlt' !-l.·honl In cu a: :- dllttll. nr d(•p :t 1'Ltn c.·nl. " ''-'lind th e. · good in lnng un gc; in an••t lh:r. p rnfi1.·ic.·nt in lllllllhc r s. In !-tll ll l' -.c. lt nnb th c.•,· :1 mn rl<c d Jj king fc11· c11 ' litt·r:ltllrc: wh ill' in :1nnth c.·1· dtl'l'l' to h c.· nt• pn:fcn·n cc sho \\' 11 for :111 \· tc.1 till.' t' xclu., io n of otht·r :-: .

In al mu :-: t t' \" 1.' 1'\' we find th i:-: prc fcr l.' ll i.' C to :l g' ITC \\'i t lt t he..· p1 ·d <.·r·t·ncc of the l.ca ch t:r-, 11 1· th:1t of so mt· fll nnc.·1· tc:tch -

<: r, inOil clli.T h:1s n ot yt· t l n:-:t i t:-: hold up on th <.: :1g:• in thnt the of c hil di 'C II :t Cl'l" t: 1i 11 s t.ucly , 01· l ine nf 1: .. -gl·l_,. du l' tn cxtc nJ: d : 11 1d not to anv nn t und tc nd<:n cy

Uu t WI.' mu st pr o<.: <'l·d to th t· t'• nsi kr: tti on of th e ic:t l ph :ts1.· of th e q 11 es ti un. Wh il e :ICC I.'pt in g the tn ll h or : dl th ll t h ns h tc n th 1.·1·c H l'l' ma ny pn t1·ons an rl t cac hct·s of o u1· who sn y tha t s in ce SO ma ny of ( )I II '. JIUp iJ :-: 11 e\'CI' CC1111JJ!c.•tt• II f uJI

co u --sc of st ud y, 'vVC shtn tl rl i n!'t nu:t them \ in b .-rtn chcs that wi ll be nf p1·:,ct ica l ,·al uc to thc ni . I full y ttgt·cc with them 111 th e sta te ment, hu t pc 1·hnp s cl o not gi,·c it the sn me in tc rpn:tat ion.

Th e cn:t in which H c rl tH' n ti on co nsist ed in a kn ow l ed ge of n·ad i ng writin g and a rithm e tic w ill d os e with the of the nin et ee nt h ce ntu 1·y. A nd the su ccess of th e ma n, who beg un l ife twe nty-fi ,·c or th it·ty y ean; with su l·h <Ill ccl ucntion, is no ar gu men t in fnvo •· of i ts cont intHtnce fot· th e of to-d ay .

Th e pupils of o ut· sch oo ls of to -cl ny w ill h cg in li fe und er difl i.: cent eo n cl itions f1 ·nm th ose or thir ty ye :t i'S ago . The mnn y • wi th \v hom th ey w il l hn,·e to eompctc. for h on(lrs or Slll'ccss wi ll hn \'l.' had <t n o pp ortunity of sc c uc ing H bn.> : td c r, ful le r cdu -·

c:u iun dum wns o Ai.•red to t he mn ny of thirty _n :n f"'

Th e pcn;o n who t• nn m nst r enso nnbly lh l )K' tu s tll"-'t"-'<1 in the fu tu re i:-: hc l,vl to p os·

St..' :'."' t':> thl' fulle st of the wide st

r:tnJ!l' n t' tlutt n ny w ny nAi.-ct

hun lll n or hn pp ill l'SS

l.d u:-: tl w11 pr cp nre tht• d tilcl for th e life hd il rc h nt. Gin• tht• p upi ls of nur sch oo ls

a t' nt trsl' of st ud y thm tru in their m ind s tn ne t in their fullt·!' t cn p:H:ity . in th.e grcn tt':' t llt l tllhcr of di rc:t ti ons. l'ro,·ide n s_vrn ·

lll t' ll"ic ll i l'O il i"St' of st u dy n nd rn nkc it fu ll.

II:t n· en·n· e hil n s.t ud ,· n:nrii ng g-rmnm nr :-:pel lin g .gtogra phy. histo ry, rln tw ing pc.·nmnnshi p, lwo kkc.-c pi n g. l't C.

Th t· fo r111 n nd 111 .nm:r in which ench su b· jc.Tl sh• uld be n nd th e pe ri od .thnHt o-lt whidt it should be pur sued. mu st be tlc t: rlllin ed by the den·lo pmc nt of t- he pupil.

.

Tl w tim e lobe dt·Yotcd to cnch subJec t · · · to its rcl a- ll fl lll cd must be 111 proportiOn

ti,·c impor ta nce

But hnrld r hear a chorus of -:n v in c:r "O ur .schon l:; are r ur al sch oo ls, c. · n nrl we do not tim e for so ma ny recitati ons." j hc llrt hcrcmon st rnncc of th e prm·tiea l pa trons nf bo th r ural a nd Yi ll age d th 1 k ol' ti me or as ksc h oo ls , plen 111 g e AC • . . · · , Je"ial " ubi ec ts £or 1n n· fot· 1n ,; tn tctto n 111 SJ • J chi l rl ren Thi s requ es t sho uld not be S I stt·ucti on s hould ue g ra nted. pecta tn · f 1 omplet ion of th e he g1vcu o nl y a tc r t 1c c work of th e publ ic sc ho ol s. ._. "" 11 tl ut kn ow thc of ,, 1n re we "" 11 b able to a ttend tim e thnt p uptls WI ' ' • • t • ct wisely tn Q'l V· sc ho nl. I behcv c trwt \\ C ' 1 ':' . f n s vmmet ncal in•Ythem the.nd vn nt agc o • -. "" . h t' th nt theY co u1·sc of st url y du nn g t c 1me ' • a tt c ncl It is helpfu l to th ose wh o mu st be co nt ent with n limi t ed ed ucn ti on to ha,·c th Rt edu ca ti on symm et r ica l ac; for a!' it is nequir ecl . An d it is nb so lu t cl y necess ary fi, r cvt·n· nn e- who wu uln sec ure an ndYa nced e rl nc ntinn to hnve the fo und atio n 1or ed ucation h ron d a nd s ymme t rica l. '

As tc:u.: h,•r s' let us re fu se lO gi,·c our pu p il s t hi s onc-sincd, shn hby dcvdopme nt. t oo o ft en Hi ked for by child a nd pa rc· n t. Let us draw out n il their fa cu l ti l' s, ju st as we ad van ce; and au vn ncc ju st ns far ns we ca n, in the tim<.' lh nt we h a\' l' .

Lt· t II" do our ,,·or·k t·: arc fully. nnd so wdl th :a tour ... ut·n·..,..., ll .... will n ot hn \' C to n.: modd or n·l111ild thl· foun da ti on or Slr lll'tur t· th at w<.· bui ld. .\ ncl kt us stnnd fi 11• n sy mml'tri t·a l t·our ,.<.· of Sll rcl _y fo r n il pupi ls.

STUDY OF A SO C1AL UN I T.

[Th e fo ll owin ,c:- pa pe r W :tH nn r.,r lh c In 1111d 111 h ere fur the bene fi t of th e rc rult·r:• of T he M CHHc ng <: r.)

I N ' (;9 , tw o y oun g people. nge rl n111 etce n and twenty, arc marri ed a nd start out in li fe to bu il d r, hom e. A pla ce is chosen for a hou se on th e top Qf a high woo ded ridge. Th e only leve ll a nd is a li ttl e str ip on th e ridge tops and in the narrow va ll eys.

The so il is poo r, r ocky , a nd red while th e s urface is ru g ge d and s teep. In spi te of a ll t hi s there is an a bur.u ance of fine t im be r for b ui ldi ng and other uses. It co nsists of the oa k, hickory. popla r, chestnu t, as h and w ::t lnu t in abu n dan ce. Numero us li ttle s prin gs fl ow fr om the va ll C'y s along up th e steep moun ta in side, nffo rdin g an a bund ant s upply of pu re· wate r. Th e str ea ms arc a ll and affo rd only a few sma ll fi sh s uc h as minnows and a fe-w sp cc kele cl trout.

Th e ga me is n ot la rge ,' b ei ng m os tly ra bbi ts , s qui r rcl s:nn a bunda nce of "poss um " an d a few qua il s. Th e deer a nd Iar o-e 0 ga me h ·t ve been kill ed o ff long be for e.

The cl ima te is m il d o wi ng to the latitud e, ye t on acco un t of th e elev a tio n, it is s ubj ecte d to su dd en of te mperatu re. ofte n sn owi ng in the mo rnin g to he a ll melted aw ay in the aftern oo n of the sa me da y. Su mm er showers· a nd ·hail sto rm s arc qu i te fr equ e nt .

Th e man before ma rri age h ad li ved 111 n sma II l og- hou se n ho u t ten hy twelve feet I w ith H '' pun cheon" flo or a ncl c lapb oa rd

roof. Th e c hi mm·y is c•f the en nn·ntionnl 's ti ck-:rncl -mncl" p: rltc rn. At m arr i:-r gc he must n0w t·nlarge the hous e. so r oo m abo ut eig ht by len fe et is ndclcd on th e o l'i gin: tl s it e Hh o ul six 01· t·ig ht feet from the first, the doo rs in t he ends fnc in g one another. Th en: is nne d oo r and n sma ll \Yindow in ea ch ro om . • Th e furn it ure is Vl· r·y s im p le nn cl for the m os t pn rt of home m<1rltrfnctu •·e. The c oo kin g ve s sel s arc not man y in numbrr or vat·ied in s ty le-si mp ly a boiling pot an d an imn ba ker with li d to hold coa ls or fire on th e top. Th ese with n bed, a t runk , n few cha irs, a ta hl e and a w ns h tub nnd b oa rd cons titu te the house fm ·nis hin gs.

T he man farm s. His o nly n ee ded impl ements arc a co upl e of hoes, an nx n nrl n goo d h as l<e t. The · bl'll sh nnd l ogs nr c l'l en re tl a\vay wi th the ax. With the h oc h eten'ds the cr op , with his po cl,ct kn ife and the b as ket the to bac co :-mel cot:n are ha rve s tt·d .

Th ese hnppy yo un g peop le ha vc nc vet· h'ad the ir br ains di stu r bed by the term s to wn sh ip , range sect ion, qua rter, e tc. , ns the cl c ccl s to a ll the pieces of la nd sta tc- speci fi c all y that the hounclary r un s "from H big r oc k to a tr ee on t he ri'c1gc th ence by fl do uble ch est n ut tr ee to' H sp rin g, th en along the bt·anch to a wa lnu t s tump a nd b ac k to the hig co nt ain ing th e s um of fo ur anti th ree-fo urt hs

or whate\'et' th1..· :ltll<Hllll A grcnt many nf th1..· farm:-. contnin nnh· from three to : 111d liftl'l' ll ns this ;._ ull nne m:tn ll' lld with a The titles genl·t·ally t' llll hnck thrnu;.!h eral g<: net·rttioll ... . \\'hen tnhan·n fur mnrkd each ycnr . wh o h un.: nn IIHtsl hire it h nu kd to th e m: \l ·kct tt wn wh ich is probably fifty mile s :1w :1y. Thi :- cn u scsn n a nnual trip to the 1..· it y, ft·om wh en ce brings home f I' the )'C:lr. u ntil hc ca n mnk c t.: t·op. Th c :::c supp li cs con sist of su g:u ·, co fl(:c, s pi ce::: . a nd a fc \\' a rticl es of dr ·ygood s, such as tnu :!l in nnd pcdwp s a new crdi co cl t·css for the wife. The clo th ing of both is pla in and 111 0:; tly h ome-made

On one of th ese ma l'l<et tt ip s thc pt·iccs arc good, a nd , with the ot her su pp li es, enough is bnntght home to buy a cow, and now n co mfo r·tub lc Ji,·in g is ins ur ed. As the win tc t·s arc mil d· no s tab le is ne eded fot· t hi s n ew addition of property a nd as a ll c rops t u·c fcn Gcd, the cow is allowed to t·oa m at will ovc t· the hill s tn sea rch of tender leaves and hunches of wood g•·ass for fo od

The o nl y b oo ks we find in this home at·e a few elcme nt at·y sc h oo l text-boo ks a nd a •·note-boo k" as the so ng b oo k is ca ll ed. D ot h of them can re ad a nd write , a nd s ing the familia•· n cigh bo 1'110od so ngs

The on ly pictures at·e a few tintype s of th e "home fo lk s. " Neit her of them is :1 Ch r isti an. yet both h ave been •·enred under Ch,;stian influence ·

The man being quite hand y wit h tnols has made s evera l n ew articl es of furniture also several banjos to sell. He k eeps one of th ese a nd l ear ns to play a f ew pi eces of easy mu sic "vhich n<;ld s so me chan ge to the mo not o ny of life. A s pinnin g wheel a nd a loo m are m ade, and no w the wife is, bu sy spinr.i ng and we a ving cl ot h fot· tov,rels, dress goo ds, a nd. in f act, a lm ost eve ry articl e' of clothing . Bo th wor k vcrv h ard

nod ..;uo u nt.'Cumulnte runny needed nrticles of furniture .

In tiH.' second y ea r a fter marriage, the hr'$t c hild. n bov, is born. No w there a re ne w nm bi tion a nd respo nsibilities , and the th oug ht of tra inin g this ch ild a rig ht, turns the fn thcr nnd m other from the dnncc nnd so ·inl pleasa ntries to things more serio us n nd ncred. oon afte r thi s the m ot her is co n In the absence of n t1h urch, mectings arc held in the s hade of th e nn turn I t imber. The man is n ot so cnsi ly influen ced for good n nd one day s urprises th e wife wi th the statement that he ''d on't kn ow as he cn-r will quit da ncing.''

In the mean t ime th eir plans and prosperi ty n rc dist u rbed by the ill hea lth of the husbnnd He has wo rked ear ly -a nd late, in (Tooci w<'a thcr a nd bnd, unti l hi s body is "' r nckcd with pain. He is also afflicted with n very pai nful cnnccr Now the bt·a,. e li tt le wife se ts out wi th a bold resolu tion to hnv c a li,ring in spi te of misfo rt un es. So, lea vin g th e husband and smal l c hild nt the hou se. s he goes to the field to do the "rna n·'-u al labo r. She now chops the wood, l oo ks after the da iry and pou ltry interest, put s in the cr op a nd tends it h erst'lf. Th e rheumnti sm grndun ll y lonsi en s it s hold upon the man but t he cancer is the tim e tig htenin g its gmsp upon hi s life.

O ne dn v. ho wever, a travelin g doctor ,·comes h av in g heard of the case, and promi sing to cure the cance r in a !< h fl t·t time, is emp loy ed. The na ti ,·c her bs a nd bark s nrc brought into se rvi ce togct ht•r with tht• doctor 's dru gs. Life now seems h ard n nd bm·denso me to t he li ttle wom a i1, yet she goes a head with her wo rk with a dc1e rmin a ti6n known on ly to th ose who ha ve been s lut·dy conquerors of the wi l::lemcss a nd forest . With th e ass istof t he friendl y nei g hbors in so me of the mo st difficu lt lab or, she is ab le to provide the n ecess i tie s of the bo rne.

The man becomes tho roug hly di sco uraged a nd is ulmost w illin g to g iv e up. In

this t im e he hns changed hi s mind on SC>m e s ubj ects of interes t. As a man with rh eum at ism a nd a c:•n c cr· can n ot make goo cl prog r es s in th e graceful art of bod y m 0 ,·cmcn ts, he decides lo quit So on afte r this he is co n ve r lC'd. Now ho th jo in th e chu rch, after wh ich th ty sceu n· a Bibl e

Hym n Ho o k, and co mm ence li fe in :L diffe re nt ph ase. Nnw the m an is

The old d octo r 's he rbs a nd ba rk s arc effec ting a cu r <:. Both now ncw co urage

They co mm ence to think of r em o vin " to ,.., an ot her co un ty as the land here is too rough for co mfort a ble farming. Thi s decision is one day hy a li t tl e inc ident wh ich ";11 also sh ow the '·Jay of the la nd." Th e wife goes o ut to gtt s weet pota,toes for dinner, ta king th e· bo y. who ca n now sit alou c, with _he r. A ft e r· ta kin g the p ota t oes fmm onC' hi11 she sc ts th e boy d ow n in the pl ace fr o 11_1 w hi ch the p otatoes h ave been W hil e ta kin g mo re pv,tatocs her is for a 111 0 111Cnt fr om t he babe. S he looks ar ou nd just in time to sec hi.m reac h fo t· so m et hi ng and tumble out of the nest. She sp t;ngs to the rescue ju st in t im e to k eep him fr om being dashed to death in th e va ll ey bel ow Jh cy n ow hcgin p.repara ti ons fo r. mo ''\ng to a more leve l place. Tli e man bung thor ough ly cured. hire s ox t ea m an d sta r ts for an adjoining county , Th e hu sba nd h as the oxe n to g ui de, whi le the w ife lea ds the cow. Th e s urface in th e n ew l a. nd ismore·lcvc l, y et the so il a nd t imber arc mu ch the sa me as where thev le ft.

As !-oon :1s the roof i 11 11 t lw ho11:-e th ey mnve in. make garrkn. pbnt n few frui t trees, and fini!'-h thl· hou"l' :1nd d1i 1111H.:ys a ft er.

sm:dl farm with it hou:-l' an d ga rden isr apidly i•npro\' l'd an d pai d fo r. Th e man IJe in g h an dy with to n)... i:- ;d1k tn <l l. l

a ll the wo rk h im :-t·lf. Th l·y : •re soo n ahlc to pun.: h :ese a yo u ng rn uk l·olt : 1nd th l' ll :t s t: •hl e is :edd l·d to tl11 · huilrlings. The farm h: l\ in g hl·clllll l.' quil l' :• ttr :ll.: ti,·e ts so ug ht by ot h L· r s.

A rH.: ig hh nr h:t!'- :1 f:e rm nn t: :1 ch s id e of thi s anrl h l· mus t p:1ss hy it to g el fr o nt one r, f hi s farm s to th e oth l· r, so a tratlc is ta lked of. Fin : dly :e tra dl· is eni:ct.cd wh creh \' llw th ir te en :1cre s ; 11 Hl eighty do lJa n; are cxclwng l·cl for fol'ly -cig hl aml thr<:e-fu ur ths :l <.'tTs. Th e n ew fa nn has a lim: bcari ng on: hard \)f :•ppk, pene h, p c: •r and quince trces as \\'e ll ns a l: 11 ·ger a•ca of fnn11ing ln nd rc: td)' lo wor lc.

Th e hou se is nnw of lng l' y et the re nrc th ree h1rgc r ooms and n sh ed roo m for a ki tch en. )'h en .: arc also more bui ldin gs suc h as c rib s, s prin g- ho us e, a ncl stahl cs A town is h c·ginni ng nnw to grow up n nl y thn·c•- fou r ths of a 111 i'ca\\'ny A store. contai nin g th t: p os t- o fli cc. a .hl:ecksm i th s hop and :1 sh oe s hop n rc the fit·st houH'S buill. Th e h oy lws no\\' gr ow n to he la rge enu u gh to attc ncl sc h ool. He is lce pt in the clis t ri L· t sc h oo l a f(:w mont hs in winter a nd inn ::; uh s cription schno l a few of thc s umm er mon th s. Th <.: tow n n ow lll'-

, Here th ey go to wo rk with r enewe d ener gy and afte r ren ti ng a few years , and li ving in a house with an ot h er fn m ily. th ey see the glad day whe n they are a bl e to make a pa y ment on tht:ir fir st piece of l an d. It con sis ts of thirteen ac r es all in ti mber and rocl<s. A sa wm ill is located on a stream on ly a mi le and a half a way, so th ey set to wor k hau li ng logs, intent upon having a fram ed h ouse from th ei r timber.

gi ns to g rcn\' . lik c magic. Al m ost nt the sa me tim e anot hct· hla c l< s mi th sh op. store a postp ffi cc, a tam :c ry, a l) ri ck yard, a private norm nl sc h oo l and do rm itory, n church a nd p1·ivnte dwe llin gs are comm enced. ·

Uut w hil e t hin gs an? so pr osperou s nil aro und , thc t·c arc r t:ncw<.:d aflli cti ons at the ho me . The w ife whn h as hecn so h L·lpful in buildin g nncl lh t· h ome, h av in g O\'C I·tnxccl hl'l' su ·cngth begin:,; to fail in Thi s with the death of l lt 1.·

TilE :'\OlOl.\ 1. E :-\ GE I{.

littlr 1')11c:-ycar nlcl cl :lllght'-'''· ; ... th'-· lil"!'t d:Jm(M."r upon t lwi a· pn 1111 i :-i ug in the new home.: The. '' if(: .1.!'-' l' \\c.':tkl·r until he i<: not <th lc.· tn k:l\ c.· hl·r h'-·d :n nil. She nnw pt: r-.u:lfll·-. ntH' .,f hca· ,Yilllll;..!'-'r t<:r to come :r11d li''-' with hc.·r and the home a,J:::till hn·n tll'-':- 111on· dan•ry Tlu: wife's hea lth i._ not i rn pr·,n·'-·cl fna · and :tfte a· "IH: ncl ing h:r f th l· p rice.· nf the fnr m fo a· d ol·toa·:-; :t ncl a ll to no : 1\ :t i l. tl 11.:y : tn.: tn ld t ha t :t ch;wge of cli na ntl' i :w ill cl o : tny g< HH I. ful. t he.: o nl y th ing t h:n : and dn uht -

They rtt·e no"· tttll k lt.: nnin c.: d :a:-; tP wh: tl to pu a·stt c.·. I L c.: osls :-; o na c.•t hi11 g to t ra ,·cl. Thl·y c.: n tT \.':' IHHHiin J! with di ffere nt o nc.: s in th e.: f: 11· w c.:st :t nd for n wh ile an: hc si <.:gc d wi th lc.:tl l.'l'S nnd papers desc ribin g th<: c.: ouaalt"y and its g rcnt :adya nt agcs on .: r· the <::t:'l in hL·: tlthfuln css . S(J il , a nu in f<tc.: l C.: \ 'C l' _\"thin g·. So IIlll Ch is sa id in fa,·o a· of Nc ha·ns k:a tlw t th ey beg in thinkin g th::tt is the place. Acco rdin gly in J: annnry . l H- . the mnn k:lY CS hi s s ick wifC.: in c nn: of hea· s on : tncl sistca·.

nnd :nn rts fo r the ln nd of hen lth n nd ha ppine:-$.

He is mu ch w it h the new co nntry nnd to work to prepn rc for th e of his fn mily, On the fo ll o win g A pri l the fn rm i:' ll.'ft in the hnnd s of nn t fur di ::: posn l. naad the "-ife a nd boy get n.'n dy for t hci1· w es t wa rd journ ey. T he..' fit rm i:' thir t \' m iles fro m a rnilroa d and th e :::ick mo ther is hn ul ed on n bed in :1 sp ring wn gon to th e dep ot from whence the stnrt ·' w L-::l '' n u'ld l'. No w the o ld hu lll l' nrc br oke n a nd nil is left behind in of h t•: tl th.

The ,· a rr i,·e in nil rig ht with thei r ; all ownm·e of and fifty ce nt · in mon eY Th e wifl' r egni ns her hea l th in n n;n rk ed drgree t hn t her pale face now h :1s th e , os ,· hne of a b lu s hing bride and th e tottcri;1 g frnm c of nin ety-e ight po unrls h ns de \'el opcd int o a :::tnH:t ure of o ne hundred a nd mn ety- s ax in wei gh t. Thi s yo ung co uple, though so yo uu g ns in th e d ay s of yor e, is s till 111 r en diucss to meet uny of th eir for mer fa ·iend !; n nd ussoci n te s a nd s ay n word for Nch ntslw.

'

"If the c ho sen s oul cou ld n ever he alone

In dee p 111 icl -s il en cc, opc n-do orc cl to God, No gr ea tn ess ev ct· had hecn drea med or done: Am ong du ll hea rts a pro ph et nc \·er grew; Th e nnt·sc nr full -gt·own so ul s is so li tu de .' '

THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

A M•1azloe devoted to the Interests of the S tate No r mo t School of Neb ruk a.

Publish ed hy the Fnculty on the lift cc mh of the month.

] • A. BEATTIE, Editor.

J. D. Bishop, • • • M anager. I

Entered l it tile pos to fli cc nt J' crtJ, ns mu ll mn tt c r.

Term s, 50 ce nt s a yea r.

It is an ea sy t hin g to ns k a good many questions a bout c du ca ti ona! hi sto ry , scie nce, philosop hy, a rt , pl an s, m ethods and princip les. , It is not easy to g iv e a corr ect a nd hel pfu l answer to one in ten w hi ch a gro up of earnest te ac h crsgat hcre cl about a tabJe for an hour \v o uld lik e to as k. Among th ese is the qu estio n: Is th en· such a thing as a hi story of ed ucation? and if so th e ot her : Wh at is the va l ue of the hi story of ed uca tion to the a verage teacher in the a vcrage sc h oo l. In t he vi ew of Th e Messenge r t here is a gn·at lack among teache rs in genera l up on these two ques tions. The a verage t eac her reaso ns about it so m ewl1at in t hi s way: I am to t eac h g ramm a r, arithm et ic geog raph y a nd oth er commo n branches a nd as the hi s tory of educ at ion is n ot su pposed to h ave to do with these su bjec ts I do n ot n eed it. While a view so m ethin g li ke thi s is o ften he ld it is beca use the person d ocs n ot r ea ll y unders tand the va lu e of that whic h the hi s to ry of ed u catio n furni sh es. And again , beca use it is no t und er s tood. clearl y at what th e h istory of e du cati on s upp lies. The hist ory of educatio n furnishes a tr ue sta tem ent of that w hi ch h as been es tab li s hed by a study of man and hi s devel o pm e nt. In doing so it gives the

theo ric !' men han· hl'ld am i aclva nc t·d nnd the meth ods tltt·y ha \'c t·m ployc cl. CJ n ly !'O bu t it how w..: m ny 0\'ercome a difli c ult y by kn o win g, in a d,·nn cc of the expe rim e nt. t hat wh ic h ol h t• r hnve don e, an d thu s l1c l'nl·o ut·:tgt·d and benefitted. In ad diti on to :ti l th is tiH.' t·e co m es the i ns piration w hi ch alw ays fo ll o \\' s n kn ow led ge of clccds \\'Ot·thily cl o ne, nnd efforts co nsciou sly pu t fo l'lh fo rt mcnt of th e incli\'idu:a l of the rn t·c All thi s ha s been sa id to prc pa t·c the wny for n qu o tation f ro m the int t·ocl uc ti on to ('Icy' s II istory of Edu c ati on. II c sn

" Th e hi sto t·y of e du cati on h egins with th e ch il dh oo d of th e ra ce , and l.-nces it s inte ll ec tua l dc \'l' lo pmcnl step by step to the prese nt time. As su ch hi slo t·y is n cn de mic in chamct c r. a nd fut·nishcs i nfo rmat ion con ce rn ing th e e du cat io nal s ystems, me thods, theori es , :1 nd pt·nc ti ces ofthe pa st, it should he pl aced ca.rl y in the pi'Ofcssiona l p edagog ica l co ur se . to se rv e ns the fou nda ti on for an impr ove d educa ti ona l scien ce w hi ch pr ofits by the exper ience of mank in d.

"The hi s tory pt·cscntsmnny of the grea t pr ob lems th at h ave in te r ested thoug htful men, sh ows h ow some of these h ave b ee n so lv ed , a nd po in ts the way to th e so lu tio n of ot her s. It s tudie s t he ed ucat ional sy s tems, selects the good and rejects the ba d, a. nd in tt·ocl u ces the st ud ent direc tly to the pe d agogical questions that h ave influenced the world . Fo r r caso n s, the st ud y of e duc a ti on sho uld begin with it s hi story."

The fir st th in g to do. if you ha vc not do ne it, is to fa ll in l ove wit h you t· wo rk

The l ucky man is.the man who sees nnd gras ps hi s o pp ort uni ty. '

A gre at o ppo r tunity w ill o nl y m ake you ridicu lou s unl ess yo u are,prcpare d fo r i t.

F ind a way or make on e. Everyth ing eith er pu sher 01· pushe d.-Succcss.

The following :u ldn wns hy BnJnctt of S.:ninr nt thc:ir tree plnnting. a nd is published nt the requ Cf't of

PP.Lt.ow Ct

lan ·c nssc mhlcd lo -d ay up on sncn·d ground hn ,·e as!.C m hlcu to pi nnl 11 pun a grn ,.c tw o hcn t.iful trees, which w • ho pe mny gro w a nd fl o uri sh Lh ci r hnt for yen!"$ to co me in lhc hr·cczcs t ha t 11 0 \\' cn r cs::: th e face s of tho se s tandin g :n ·ound u g. Hi st ory tell s us that nin ety odd y cnrs ngo liti s very mo nth , the.: Lc..:wis and Cl nrk e ex plorers paddled th c..: it· no rthw n rd on t hi s s tr ea m llwL n ow bnthe s the foot of these hill s. They plant ed a cross upon this spot wh ere we now st and These ridge!' were then covered with gras s five feet in ht-ig ht. Rit'h we eds a nd fl owe rs, in te rs pers ed with th e copses of the osage plum then declccd their· s ummit s.

It was hct ·c that o ne of t he ex pl orers, worn out by the h ardships of the \ 'Oyogc, sic ken ed and di ed. A rudeeoffin wusmadc by sp li tting the trunk of a stu rd ' oak a nd by burning a trough in each half. The b ody was pl aced in one ha lf an d cove r ed with' the other, and then hi s he roic comrades up t urned t he snd and pl ace d th e dead m an here We kn ow not for ce rt ai n, hi s age nor biR 'n ame, for no sl ab mark s hi s last re s ting pl ace. But we do know that hi s lot was a grave in a strange la nd Perhaps without ps alm or praye r; possibly without even a tear from his comrades he took up his etern ctl a bode upon this emincn c<', which ove rl oo lc s that great stream o f"muddy water," th at is said by some to possess no beauty. But as to-d a y's s un lets his beams fall upon' it s surface, which can be seen for miles to . the lik e a si Jyer thread a nd g radu a lly broadening into a mi ghty flood of turbule nt water, no one can say that it possesses no beauty. This man gave hi s li fe that this river might be "explo red. He gave • hi s life that a new rout e might be found to the.:

Pacific n nd th nt hi s fellow man might learn of the bcn utihtl mo untnins nnd ri,·ers w hich w cre then kno·wn o nly to the roving Indi nn n nd the ,-enturesome hunter.

To the mcmon· of su ch a man we dedin t.c t h csc t rees.- Phtnte rl here up on this em inen ce whi ch o, ·crlooks the hli sso nri , mn ,. cnc h Arbor On\" fur a century find th eir brn nch es be nt -in sile nt benediction o,·cr t he vc of the hero who lies sleeping hcncnth them.

Proper Breathing.

Tl hm: been denwnstr nted time a nd again thnt 11 l arge percentage of the colds and ca tnrrhnl tro ubles is du e to breathing the m outh. especially during \' Cry co ld At such times it often be-comt•s difficult to brea the t hrough the no se. but that sho uld be added warning to ke ep the mo uth shut. The co ld ai r c hill s the delicate, sensitive lini!tg of the thro at and lungs, and is liable to lAy the foundati on of mnladies that may lAst a life ti me In nearly every instance you will find the person with whom cAtarrhal ailment s· arc not hereditary, but who has co ntracted them, made it a habit of breathing the mouth. . The danger of this from the standpm nt of drnwing atmos phe ri c impuritie s the lun gs need not be pointed out, but the ave r age man is not aware th at the rush of co ld a ir into the delicate breathing orgAns of the b odv is likel y to result in an injury pc rhnps serious tha n l'Atarrh. At an•v senson r do not know of n better of J1ea l th to rem e mber and fulfill than to l<eep yourmouth closed rspecially when , to the co ld.-Ex Jl.

The u sc of It a lics is the ba ne of amateu r writers. He who cRnn ot write so as to m ake the proper word empha,tic without reso rting to underlining. shou ld either cease to write ot·learo h ow. -H

HEA TING AND LIGHTING PLANT AND MESSENGER OFFICE. 1

9/o rn1a l Sch ool V /rectory.

Dt nctory.

F \" 1:1< h I"T \'. ll C. A.

Co le 0. Jf. \\'n ddcli Presid en t

A.l.u csc hc•L ................................. \'in· Prc ::id c nt

Edi th Ca rpl·nl cr· 1\ct·nn lin g

ArthurJ a t il l'S .............. Cu •Tcs po nclin g S t.'C rcl n•·y

B. Stone ........... . .... . ... .. .... .. .. ..........

F' 1' ajor s Cri tic .! l'll ll t- at-.\ rm :c:

Wm . .J n 1n cs . ... . ...... ... .. . .... .

...... ! .i hm•; nn \\'1·: 1. 1.1 ;q :Tn :-: JA :>: .

C. W. S lllil h l'rcs id c nt

j. D. B• ad y \'icc Prc.:s id cnt

\\'. H. Co ll c tl. l\ c cl) rding S ec retary

.\ Tn ll ic F\a n1 cs Co1T cs po nd in g S c.:crc tn t'."

ll nnna h P•·icc Tt·cn s urcr

\\' 111 ;v1etc a If Sct·;.:-canl -a t-A nn s

Critic \'. \\'. C. A.

Lu cy I ,cam i n g- Prcs id cn t

Huth ll :u-ri s Vice P•·csi dt• nt

;\1 n he! B 1·idgcs Rec o rdin g Scc •·ct ary

E ll en Phi ll i ps ....... .. ...... Co n·cspo ndin g Secreta ry

Je ss ie Stc l rhi ns T•·cns ure•·

J. D. R rnd _; , \'ice Pres id ent J. C. Oill on Secrerary E. \\'. L.o wn Treasurer A. Ll t•ngt so u ........ .Co rrespo uding ecretary

Fm nk J. :'llun do y ............ .. ....... .. ....... Pres idl!nt llmtic Pin k .... ............................ \'icc President

A In 1\ c\·ille ........ .............. .. . RtX. ord in g Sec retary .\ I i nni e Ostt•nbc•:g....... Co r rcspo nding Sec reta ry Treasurer

\\'m S hum nn Librarian Fc rd Cn>w ley .. C ri t ic

B. l\1. S tonc Pres idc nt

Ferd Crowl ev Vice Presidet1t E. F. Sua vel ;·....... .. .. .................... ... .. Secretary \ Vm . S hum an ................. ,.......... .. ....... Treas urer

Nell ie Tl o rn President E, ·n A lli s on Vice President Oaisv Kunkel ! Secret ary Ala N e,·ille.. .' .... . ....... ... ..... .... .......... ...... ...... Critic

norm al Scbo ol ;:a

cuity.

J. A. BEATTIE, A.M.: LL.D. , Pn· si rle nt, Ethics, ru1d Pedagogy · u: S-ro:-.:En, : : • Preceptress

.J L. S 1-1 E Lo o;-.;, 11 ••• •

Na tural Hi sto ry •I-lEnnEHT Bn o w:>: ELL, o. s.,

E. A·. 'vVHITEio:A CK, A. IJ

JA "-IES F. H osrc , ...... :.

M CooK E LI:.rs,

.J . l\1 . I-Io wr E, A. n., . .......................

.'.. Physical Science

Germ an '

English a nd Li t<:rat ure

Hi s to ry a nd Ceog ra_phy

i\1nthcmatics

Es TH En A. CLAHK, A. Ln tin :rnd Li terat ure

ANNE !VL Go s 11 EN , Supe rin te nd ent nf T rninin g Depa rtment

L. 'vV. Fn :: E, A. : I' s vcholo gy a nd Pedagogy l\1AHA L. FE nG us n:-.: -:-: .'Arithm e tic :Hid, Algebru

GEOHGE N. 1-'0I{TER , A. o., English Lnngu nge a nd Li t erature

P EA HL S. KE LLEY, : P.·i ma•·.v and C ri tic Teacher

Lo ursE \V lVIE AR S, Int en nedia tc and C ritic Teac her Lou E. Kinclc •·gar te n ancl Cri tic Teac her Oc EAN D AII .v, ...- Readi ng an rl Elocuti on HE NHY H. 13A GG, A. n. , .... Drnwing a nd Pa inting

U LA M.

Vo cal :Vlu sic

iVI. E MMA DAvts, I nst rnm e nta l i:Vl usic

ELVA E. R t;LO:>: ,

Lihrarian

Statt normal summtr Stbool.

Te rm , jun e 8 to Au gus t 2, 1900 .

Enrollm ent, Friday and Saturday, Jun e 8 and 9, 19 00.

Organiz ation complet ed and rec ita ti o ns a nd lect ur es be gin Monday , june 1 1.

Classes in all the common branches.

Special classes in nearly all the branches of study offered during the t;Jormal School y ear .

Tuition free. the registration fee specified by law is required.

The work of the School is done bY, the regular teachers of the Normal School Faculty.

I Full and detailed announcements will be mad e in a short , time , by means of a circular and in The Messenger .

Information , full and free , can be had by writing· to the ' J. A. BEATTIE, Peru, Nebraska .

SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS.

(rmdttCl(: r/ l ly .I .\I 1/ u wic:. l'r ol i:..:::or u( tntc.'

·' 1 r 11 ru.:.

1- age nt s c1ld IllY ll cu u· at ·l·'r t' •llllllli son: inc rc ru, in g the proc.·c..:ds hy 1 nrdCTed the purc ha sen f wl11.: al at :! 'c after which, wheat dec li ning :P Ill\' wh ole ltiiS was Sfl. \\'h at w as the tl cH u·. wo nh ? 1J<ay'11 .\t·ithlll c.:t it· pa gc :! l !l .) St1 lve h_v ar i thnl<.: ti<.·.

II. hy J> . C. C ul kn.

Since on every $1.0:! he ln scs 2 c ts , he r.'c of va l ue of fl o ur , a nd he l nses or 1 , (who le va lu e of fl ouL

• "' • ,Z.+o1c=2'u' ., f ractional p at ·t nf fl o ur l ost less ,1, 11 com mi ss ion.

• ·. = n'?.n en r. ·actio nnl l oss of fl o ut· incl u din g co n11ni ss ion and d ec lin e.:.

S ince on the $4-.20 he l os es of of $4 20 we co mput e t his l oss an d tnk c.: it out of $5 wh ic h w ill then rc pt·csc n t ,;',7,/ \, of l oss of fl o ut'. :wzx" "-

7 1 00 01- 2U •l" , r,.+,..', =21111•·

'"' 'o f $4-A = $}.,7., . l oss f't·o m fl o ur includi ng cnm mi ss ion nnd rl ecl in c. r.Vu0 0 = $50.R2 va lu e of fl ou r.

NOTII.-Thl fl pc·o f>l cm ; ,.. n ot sta tccl cx nc tl y ns in lmo k. 8\12 pe r ce nt sho uld rend 3 \1:1 per ce nt. giv in g f<J r flo ur $53.

Ill. So luti on by Ro bert Zucn.: hc•·, Y utan. Ne br as k a.

Let 1 00%,= fi o ur so lcl. 100 % less 4% eo m rn i ss ion =96 :Jo p roceeds !Jf1 %+$4.20= \v hcat inv cst mcn t+2 % co mmi s"ion or 1 02 % . . ·. 1 02 % =9G %+ $4.20 . I %= .94 11"r % +$ . 04 11 ° 1 • 100 %= 94 11 ° 1 % +$4·r."1 va lu e of wh ea t boug ht . Wh eat dec linin g 3% % is wo rth 9G% % of for mer valu e.

.·. 96% % of (94-,.0 , %+ $4,0 ,)=9ogv%,+$ H2 (/ , present va lu e.

l 00 %+$4.20 = cxpense

!'JOgY % +$32?=a mo un t on ha nd th e which is $5 less than ex pen se. ·.

t uo r. -•

1' =$ H,\!lt oo •.,. of Hour.

h. Propo:::ed by L. P.

Thn:c men buy n g-ri nd stone, ench pn yi ng nn sh n•·c Th e gri nd sto ne is 1 inch es in din me te r nnd h ns n hole t \Y o inc hes sq u nre in the center. L ater the men qu nrrd ove r the sto ne, nnd d ecide to disso l\'1.: part n ers hip as fo ll ow s: The ol de st of the th n'C is to u sc it un ti l he h as g- ro und off hi s h, then the nest oldes t is to gt·ind otf hi s . , n nd the yo ungest is to have the rcmn inrl cr. How fnr d ow n shall the otde;;t grin d? From there how far do wn sha ll the n ext grin d? \\'li nt will be d iam eter of the emn imkr ?

So lu tion by th e pmp ost: r.

1 S in. is din m ete r g rin dsto ne. 9 in . is ra diu s. guxS. l·l-1 6=25 •b.4 696, num be r of sq. in in the nren of one side of g-ri nd stone.

25 4 .4696-1· (u r en of hole at center) equals 250.46 96, n et area of g rind stone. %of t his is 83.4898%, each man 's shar e. The area of the in s id e c ircle \\m uld be 83. 4 898%+4=8i .4898% l/ 87 .-1-898%+3. 141 6=5.27-h or the ra diu s of the insi de c ircle.

87.4-898%+ 83.4898%=1 70.H79 7 lffl , ar ea of secon d c ircle. yl 70.9 797%+3. 1416=7.37-I -. or ra dius of seco nd ci rcle. \:1 (r ad ius of wh ole c ircl c) - 7.35 (radiu s of secon d. c ircl e)= 1. 63-. ot· the di sta n ce the oldest ma n sha ll gri nd do w n. or the distance the next ol dest sha ll g rind do wn. 2X5.27= 10.G4 -h or the di am ete r of the sma ll est ci rcl e.

Ab o so l ve d by A. E. Hil deb rand. Dub ois, n nd C. E. Crink , Elk Citv. '-

6. No so lu tion r eceiv ed. So lu tion w ill be g iY cn n ex t month if one is r eceiv ed.

AL GE IJ HA.

3. Pr oposed by L. W. F ikc, Pro fesso r of P sychol ogy. Ncbntsl<t:l State Nor ma l.

A L SC HOOL

F ind the va lue of x and y in the follow i ng Gx- 4- x- -liO eq uations: x 2 +y=7,

So lu ti on hy the prop ose r.

(1) x 2 +y=7. •

(2) x+y 2 = 11

(3) x 2 +xy 2 = 11 x. ( 2) mu l lip li cd hy x.

(4) xy 1 -y = 1l x-7 (o)-( 1 ).

(5) xy 2-l-2y 1 -y = Rx-l-1 5. Twi ce (2)-1-('l,).

l6) or , l !>x-1 -l n

y 2- x-I-2Y= x-l-2 (G)+(x·l- 2).

Co mplet in g square,

• 1 . 1 1 a ax 21

y ·-x-l-2}· · 41 x-I-2P

E xt r ac tin g r oot y 1 -1- n x-1-1 1 ' 2(x-l-2) 21 x-l-2!

y 6( x-I-2J or -Gx-1 0

• 2(x-l-2) 2( x-1·2)

y= 3o r x-1-2

S ubs tit u tin g th e va l ue for y in ( 1 ), x is fo u nd to be 2.

The above is o ne of the no ted of alge bra and ha s b ee n di!'c u sscd in va rious edu ca ti onal jo ur na ls. Th e so lu tion given by Pro f. F ik t: is ind ee d a g oo d one. By in s pect ion it is s ee n th at 3 an cJ 2 arc r oots b ut it is qui te a problem to obta in , th em hy a qu a dratic so luti on. As th e eq u ati ons are bot h of seco nd deg ree , th ere arc th ree oth er pa irs of r oo ts , b ut· to o ur kno wledge these t hree p ai rs of roots h ave n eye r bee n found by a qu adra ti c s oluti on, though they may be fo un d app r ox im ately by "H o rn er's Me th od .'' Sec th e Ja nu ary and -Febr uary (18 99) nu mb e rs of th e Ame ri can Mathematical Mo nthly for soluti on s di ffe rent fr om the abo ve.

4. Propo sed by C lifford Ca tlin , Peru I Th ere is an isl and 1 c, mil<:s in c ircu mferen ce ,

a nd four m en st a rt t oge ther to tr avel aro und it go in g the s ame way. A goe s 4 mi les per hour, B 5 m iles, C 6 mi les, D 7 mi les. How fa r will eac h travel be fo re they a ll meet aga in the po irlt from wh ich they s ta rt ed ?

Sol ution by the pr opose r.

x= GO, A '!l lli swnce. ho urs ti me it II t fl n\·ertake .\. L et x equ al A t ra\ cb before C ln-erhim . Th en x -I ;, i-. C's di :<t an ce.

x_ x-l- 11'1 .- ,, <i x= 4·x- l- li0

2x "="" no ·. x- :111, A 's di s t:llll·e. tinte it t al1es C to o \·ct tn lce A. L et x equa l di s tan ce .\ gne,; before I) ove rtakes hi 111. Th en x-- I ;, i'l I J" s di :<tance time

x-1;1 '- =D's titne . x_x-1-Hi ,- 7

ax = 20 x= 20.

time till TJ o\·ct·takcs A.

A an d B will he log<·th cr e\·ery l f> ho urs.

A and C w ill he t oge th er e\·er_y 7•;2 hour s.

A and D w il l he t oget h er <: \·ery 5 ho urs.

All four w ill he together eve ry 15 ho ur s or the least comm on mul tipl e of 1 i> , 7V2 • and :3, the rcsp ecth·e l im es. Then in 15 hou •·s A w ill h ave t rave led GO , tuil cs, D 7:, 111i les, C 90 ntiles nnd I) 1 05 milcH.

G E OJ\ 1 E TH Y.

<J Con st ru ct a t l"i anglc hav in g gi ven the midd le poi nt s of i ts !i ides.

So l ution by J. A. Reyno l ds , Creighton, A. E. Hild eb .-and. Dub ois.

L et x= di sta nce A go es before B over ta kes hi m

Th en x- l-1 5= di sta ncc n will go hcfore he ga ins one re vo lu tion.

it takes A. it ta k es B. / r ate

x x-1-tn b · ' · .= , oth ha vm g sta rted at the sa me tun e.

Let A, H and E be the middl e po in ts of the sid es Connect A a nd II , A a nd E. I-I a nd E. Thr ough A dr aw a lin e II to HE, thmugh n II li ne II to AE, t hrough 1E a li ne II to AH, t lw s fo rming the 6 MKT whi ch "is the r eq uir ed [).

Proo f: V t\ KE =V HET , and V AEK=V II TE (co rresp o nd ing angl es). Th en V KAE · E li T. AK = HE and AE= HT (op p os i te sid es of pa rn llelo gr am) :. 6 AKE= L:-, HET (2 si des included angl e, et c) .· KE = ET an d E is the mi dd le point of KT. In same way H a nd A nllly be shown to be the middl <:! po ints of MT an ti M K r es pecti ve ly.

5. Th eo re m. lf on the legs of a right trinngle, as dia me t ers, se micircl es are d esc ribed e.te rnal to ele triangl e, a nd fr om the wh ole fi g-

rE

ore: n "'' th\· J)t>tcnux i' :-uhtrnct· cd, the n:maitHh:r i UJIII\.11\-nt t<> the !fln:n trinnglc:

Snluticm hv .\ E. llilclchr:lllll

L et AE II he the.: u·i :tnl-!lc.: \F E. ET II and ALII th e nn the ,;itk:-:. To prnn• ar ('a A FEL A- ·tll'\'1\ ETil X E i :-: cq u nl to th cn r cn of Lh c • A E II.

• ARt 1-1- H\·n ti ci re i c.: .\FE - -:-:c mi ci rdc ET II = A Lll -1-. \ FE 1.. \.1. ET II X E. hu th mnking up th e wh o le.: li g nrc. \rca uf ,: cmic ircl c

CI JUUI S Uilllll Cl cr ::>qunn.: d lll lll lipl icd ()\• (11'+,') li en e e, fl·om ah••,·c c qu at i on, AEII -j-( 7T +H)X A (7T + H )X A ri ''·1-AI'EL tc\.I· ETilXE "· ( I'hth ngo r co n thcot·cm).

.·. (7T +8)X AE '' ·I·(7T +K )X E 11 8)AII

·. b, A Eil = AF E Li\ - 1- ETll XE, (cquals s ubtracted fro 111 e qua ls).

2. Ha \' in g at a certain (unknown) di s ta n ce ta ken the nn p: le of cl e \' at ion of a stee ple. r ndvanccd GO ya t·ds n carcr un le, ·el gro und , a nd then obse n ·ed the angle of clc\'ation to be the co mpl ement uf th e for111er. Ad\'ancing 2Q yards st ill n earer, t.h e ang le of elevatio n now appeared to be ju st double the fir s t. Required the altitude of the st cep lt:. (L oom is' Tl'igonomctry, page 148.) '

Solution by Samuel J ewe l l, Peru.

L et AK he h eig ht of steeple , E th e point where he fi t' st obs c• ve s the angle of elevation, H th(• s econd pos iti on , it nd I, th e thir·d p os ition . . Als o let x equ al the ang le at E. Oy hyp o thes is EH equa ls GO )jai'Cis, LH 20 yds \/ AHK equa ls 90-x. a nd \/ ALK equa ls 2x In t he 6 AKL Lhe V KAL is 90-2x. '

H OOL :\ l c' l '1

In the .\ KH the KAH ln du.• A KE t he v KAE is 9Q-x • li . \1 .=-, fi .\ K- . LAK=(9Q-x)-. 9Q-2x) x. the •.\ LEis isosceles and A l,= LE, tlr !l(l ynrds. the K,UI=x the: \' .\ II K nnd .\ KE n re simila r, nn d corrt'sponding :- idl'$ nre proportio nnl.

J.el .\ K -Y n nd KL:=::z. Then y: z- -!:0= ·I': y. ( 1) OOJ.·I-1600.

(21 l•'n, m \.\ J.:.L

(I \:--(:!) -:!z'-lOOx:=--1-SOO. ,.,·l··i 0z= 2·1-00 :: qu nn• z '- l-50z·l-625= 302,"o. z- .3 :1 :w in (:!) y '-l-9 00=6·1-00. y ":.=::J500 4- .162·1· or the alt itude of the FOR

AIH1'HM6TIC.

P rop< : !>ed by Luc reti a Alhm , Ce dar Bluffs.

R The cos t of nn nrticlc is $4. a nd the selling pricl! :i\4 l!-1- \\'hat is the %ga in or loss? " 'T '

A tG£ 111L\. _, . d

6. x- 1=2-l- 2x •. Ftn x.

Proposed by P. C. Cullen. Salem.

7. J\ man nnd 11. hoy ge t $10 for digging a field of The man can dig them as fast as th e boy can pull the vines, but the man can pnl! the vines twice as fas t us the boy can dig th em. OiYidc the mon ey.

GEOMETRY. by A. S. Redfern, W c,;te rn ,

7. Desc ribe a circle which s hall pass th.ro a give!) po int a nd be tange nt to twogivenctrcks

Propo!>ed by L. P. Tonner, Weignnd.

8. If the ve r tical n ngle H AE of a triangle. be cxtcrna llv bisected by a straight line wl11 ch m eds th ; basi! in .YI, show that the product of A H and A E togethe r with the sq u are on A :-.1 equal to base.

MI SCEL LA NEOUS.

p,·opo!>ed by P. C. Cullen, Sa lem .

•J Fnhrcnheit's thermometer is marked for freezing ::!2°, boil in g poiut 212 °; Centigrade th ermom e lc:r is ma rk ed 0° for free1.ing , and

TH E STATE NO I<MA L SC II OOL

.. 00° for bo il ing; Raurncr's is ta r ked Q0 for freez ing 80 for b01llng /hen Fa hrenh eit and Ccnllgra de the wh at is the temperatu re reg ts tercd hy rum cr's?

Soluti ons lo these problems sho uld he / R esolutions of Sympa th y.

WHEREAS, It ha s pl ease d Go d to ca ll by to untimely d ea th , Mill a rd Stu ll. the 1ro th er of cl ass m ate a nd l ri en d, K at h-rin e S tu 11 , th ere fore be i l

R eso l ve d, Tha , vc, the mem he rs of th e uni or cl ass extend o ur si n ce re sy mp at hy .o o ur be r eaved class mate in her sor row. \nd be it fu rther

R esol ve d, Th at a co py of t he se r cso lu:io ns be sent to o ur class m ate, also th at ch ey be publi shed in The Messe nge r. a nd a :o py be fi led wit h the J u ni o rcla ss sec r eta ry.

H ATT IE FIN K, }

W. W. B uc KL EY, Co mm i tt ee.

F. J. M u:-< OA Y, .:/-

The Athenian Debate

Th e yo un g lad ies of t he A then ian ga ve a p ub li c d eba te in chapel on th e eve nin g of tMay _1 9. 1 Th e ques ti on was, R esoh·ed Th at free trade sho ul d ex ist bet w een the United St ates a nd Po rt o Rico. Th nse part in the deb ate were Mi sses Ho rn a nd Fin k on the affi rm a tiv e a nd Mi sses Ste bbin s a nd Logasa on th e negativ e. Th ese yo un g la di es a nd th e society ha ve rea so n to take prid e in t hi s pres entation of the wo rk th ey a re do in g. The co mmen da tion h ea rd up on every hand at th e co nclu sion of th e e xe rcises must su rely have rejoiced th e h ea rts of ?-11 co n- 1 cern ed a nd h ave br oug ht cn co UJ·age mcn t for furt her goo d wor k of the kind so. ha p· pi ly presente d. Th e decisi on in favor of th e affi r mati ve did not go un cha ll en ged by m any wh o fo ll owed the disc u ss ion cl osel y .' Th e ju dges we re Miss Fe rgu so n, Pro f. W hi te n ac k and Rev. Coo n s. ·Let th e Ci c-

senttoj . no l l:t H·t· than .July 13.

As the April and :\l :ty num ber!'- of thl· sengcr ha\·e hc(·n co ml , im·d. p rob lem s fo r :\ I ay nntnh cr \\·ti l given in the Jun t" -jul y tllttnh l' r.

T he Kansas-Nebras ka Debat e.

Th e d ebate on the e\·cning of \l: ty 11 hetwee n Mt" ss rs. \llunda y, Buc kl ey , n nd •)f the Cicero n ia n re pres en t ing the Stale and Me ssrs. Mu llil«:n, B: tl comh, an d of the nsas tc t\onn: tl he fo re n ch ape l fu ll of cnt hu siast il· p co pll·. Alth o' our hcl\·s ma de a m ost exc e ll ent efi"o rt and cl itl great credit, the d ec isi on was aga in st th em. Th e repr ese nta ti ves wo n th e res p ec t of n ll by th eit· ge ntkmnn ly co n du ct a nd the nh il it y mn ni fc s tcrl in prese nt in g their s td e of t he rli sc u ss ion. Thcv h ad what we had to gc t-c:x pcricn cc. a nd uu c is gi\·cn that wh en go es to Em po t·ia to deb ate it wi ll he to win Th e i nte re st shown in this feat u re of sc h oo l work of late and the e ffort made tn raise the of the ell·ha tin g wo rk in the sc h oo l ca nn ot be t oo hi ghly co mmen de d.

Whil e a victo ri ous o tt t eo me ·would ha ve pl eas ed o ur b oys wo uld h ave made us a ll hi l ari ou s. it is felt th at we hav e n ot y et rea ch ed th at st age wh et·e it is be st for \ us to win There is r oo m bot h for impr ove ment a nd a ·will to do it . The qu estion 'for debate wa s: Re so l ved , 'that the U.S. go ve r nment shou ld co ns tru c t, ow n, and co nt rol a trans-is thm ian ca na l. The jud ges '''ere M. B. C. Tr ue of Tec um seh, Jnd ge J esse n,Qf Ne braska Ci ty, and Jed ge La mhet·t of A ub u rn Th e l itt le speech of Jud ge J esse n in a nn o un c in g th e d ec ision was a model of it s kind . The r ece ipts for a dmi ssion p ay a ll expe nses in curred a nd lcavea ha nd so me g(trplus for future me eter onians look to the ir l au relR.

Cln!il'l pic.: lures p lr ot o_!!'nl ph cr Ah bott b usy.

The pl umb in g for th eY. i\ f. r oo m is n cn r-l y d one

Mi ss fcN tt lt , ,.-o ,.;lTi ously ill for n tim e, has com pi <: Lely n:con:r crl.

P t·o f. n nd Mrs. Br o wn e ll rcjokc in a so n la tel y co me inlo tiH: it · hom e.

Th e vVc llin glo ni an Socie ty t·e port th e welco me f ac t that th ey ar C' now fn:c fr om debt .

Mi ss Fl ore nc e G ib so n, 1 99 , teac hin g at Fri e nd , spe nt a we ek of s pri-n g vaca tion at hct· ho me in Pe ru .

Th e biolo gy cla ss es a rc makin g exc ut·sions int o th e wo ods a nd th e draw in g cl asses m ay be see n frcq ucn tly on th e c ampu s.

Mr. F. L. Cr o wl ey of th e Seco nd Year cl ass w as called to hi s hom e in Kn ox Co. on M ay 19th by a a nn o un c in g th e d eat h of hi s fa th e r.

Tc lbcrt Ri cha rd so n is aga in in sch oo l ft·om hi s home in O kl ahoma, a nd he exp ects to co mple te the Ad va nc ed Co urse here. Hi s fri e nd s arc glad to note hi s r eturn.

The e ni ors vis ited the sc h ools at Nebr ns kn City on the 1 t of Ma y. .;/>

A., ntte nd cd n pr£'s iden ts ' co nv C'ntion at Lin co ln . May 4 th .

An nrticl c on " Dird Day" by Mi ss Me ars occupies nearly a whole p age of the Neb rns kn City Co n se n ·ativ e o fM nrch 27.

Sa di e Rans om, '9 8, Rnd Ad a Gib son, '9 9, nre re-el ected nt Humb o ldt C. S. Jones, '9 3, will te ac h in Cotner Univ ersity, th e co min g yea r.

'

Mr s. Pik e a Jl(i Mi ss Mea rs th e '' Me rchant of Venice '' it't Om aha rece ntl y presented by th ose m as ters of Shakes pea re , Ir v in g and E ll en T erry . .Jl.

Wm. M. Bu chanan of th e El l'men ta ry class wa s ta ken sick u po n hi s r et urn home for the s pring vaca ti on und di ed a ft er an illn ess ofnbo ut a w ee k. His was a p ro rnis in a life a nd hi s circl e of sc ho o lm at es and b ac qu a in ta n ces depl ore hi s lo ss .:1-

Th e Arb or Day exercises by th e Se ni ors co nsiste d in th e pl a ntin g of e\·ergr et>ns, w ith s ui t abl e cere mo_nies, at the grave of a member of the Lew is a nd Cla rk ex pedition wh o died on th e re turu of th e eApl orers fr om th e No rth -w est Territory. Th e gr ave is on th e b an k ot the Mi sso uri t hree mile s so uth-eas t of Peru .

A. h nt h \Y \\' n dd cll presid ent of t heY M. C.

THE STAT E NO I<MA L SC IJ OOL

Lu ci le Pen ny , '94·. is rc-cl ccl<: cl in Ashmd.

ThC' Ph il o. had a ''fnc ul ty programme " 1ay 1 8.

Wm. Stevenson r ece iv Nl a visit from hi s a the r recently.

Lol a Stand ley, '91, h as bee n dcctc.:d to :each n t Ta ble f<oek

The geology class made n st ud y nf the.: : liffs nex t t.he rive r, May 10.

C. E. McVay who was h ere two yen rs ago h as ngain ente red sc h oo l.

Many of the boy s h ave contracted to act as b oo k age n ts for the co min g va cat ion

After a two we eks' nbse ncc , Ed ith Kinsman and Bell e Dufp hy are agai n in sc h oo l.

Lilli an Getty of the Fir st Year· cla ss wns ca ll ed home on acco unt of of re l;tti vc::.

S uperintend ent Parriott, '96, and Eugene Howe, ' U9, of .Kema h a, attended th e d cba tc

A numb er of yo un g In di es of Mt. Vernon Ha ll have or ga nized a cacl et com pn ny u ncle1· the lea de1·s hi p of Be rth a Va n Ca mp . .;!.

Preston Car r has finis hed a suecccsful year· of s chool ncar Shubert is n ow vis itin g fri e nd s in Pe ru an d vic init y. He will te ac h another year in the-same seh ou l at an ach ·anced salary.

L ena ll em·y , 'H!J , is c ln tl·d tl·:tdtt·1· 111 As hland

l\ l yrt lc Dl.'w cy 1.'11j oy<:d :t \\' tTk'-: visit from ht·r !- i!-Lcr i.... s II l'l•·n I l nn·v. nf 0111aha

A li ce Sa nd ers, who ha s ht·t·n t:tl<in g thc tnt i ning work. is engag<:d to tt·:te h :t t Tecum seh nc xt \·car . :\ !iss Steulev ilh: and :\l is;.. Sta ndkY wnc.: IJolh unah lt· to lake the ir p:trl s ;tl Th c.:st'" 1J et·au sc of siekne ss.

Fot·na-r stu dents a 11 d ft ·it· tH Is o ft he wi ll be gn :atl y in l<.T <:Ste d in the forthcoming mar ri ageof je nni e E. :VfeL n in , formc t· mL·mber of Lht· St: tl e :'\o 1·nt: tl fac ulty her e, bu t n ow fillin g the pt·nfesson; hip in Lhe cl ep:u·tm enl n fhi slo t·y and l itera tu n: in the St:tle Ag ri c ultur:tl Co ll c.:gc nt Fo t·t Co lli ns, C ol ora d o, het· h ome. to fon nc t· S up ct·intcnclent H. R. Cn t·hc.:lt , n o\\' of C hic.::t go, to oec ur in the c.:o lk gc.: ch: tp el Jun e 4- th next. !\ I iss Loui se Mears is to he hr iclcs nHt id . .;J.

r\ leclurc bv P n>L Uos ic tn c lwp cl the e\·cni ng of May lf) on The Na tu re [l nd liscs of the Nm·el wa s an adm ir able ann l ysis of the place of thc n ove l in li tc 1·atur e, and of its p ossi ble' g<;>o d or ev il for it s r eacl C' 1·s.

A clea1'Cl i st i nction was made in the \'a t·ious c la ss es of n oyc Js as to thei r puqlOses and co nt en ts a nd it wa s cl ca dy p oi nted o ut wh at the 1·ca cl er is to s eck in i ts re [tclin g. Any hook ho ldin g up th e vicious a nd e,· il in hum an life to no ot hc1· p uq >o se thnn th ut i ts t·eaden; may k now of thc cx is tan cc ot these, was unyualificcliy co nd em n ecl, and any b oo k that arou ses th e em ot ion !:' w itho ut their clireet ion to goocl purp ose, e ultivates mau dlin sen ti men t. Th ose who h ea rd the hacl foo rl fnt· though t.

• up't Ldu·. i -. 1 \ '·t"l\ '\' t\ ·cl :1 t ton

K:au: Stull vi -. i h· ol IH ·1 , 1 u· clu ring &hf ••

S:ulicSmith. •.-•. h: J,\TII p1illl'i· : t ll nldrc;.!l' I• ll' nt·' 1 'l' : tt

Th e .,tuch: n t-.' l. : dl dul• ··.\ r. of Cit,· : 11 l'...Tu. :\l :t \' 1 :! .

Edith Van ' !l -1-. of 1\:uckr·. p<:nt her s pt in g \ '.' I t' :! lin n with hl·

In th e li st of al \\' ylll on:. wc note lh <: nf' l k:•t• ·icc Fentnn. '!)7 :w d E ste ll a '!l!l

Pr of. Co nt nt t: II C:<.'Illl.'lll n dcl r cs s :1l l 'l :\ 1 ay 1 when· J. F. Carnn hn n, '!)!), pt·incip:tl .

Verne Vane<.·, '!) .S , ts h tl tHc fo t· the s ummer va ca ti on. He in alt e ud nu ce ;t t the N[cclil. :t l Sc h ool fo r the p:t st yea r.

Mi ss Sto nc t· h nd a p kn. s in g n:m ind c t· of Ma y- cl ay in the fu nn of bc nut i fu l tions ft·om t he )' oung ladie s of tl t l.' Do nnitory.

The li st of tcneh c t·s of the No t·th Bcun f;C h oo ls fo t· the coming ycne conta in s the nnmes of H ill , as pt in c ip a l, nnd Elsie Bi xb y. '05.

A libe ra l s ub scr iption h ns b ee n made to the Hope No t·mal fund for t he s uppo rt of t. hc little gi rl in C hina who se education h as b ee n und ct·ta kcn. hy th e st ucl en tsoft he Slate No n11 a l.

J W. '$ 1, inspecto r of high :-daonl:- w ns in Peru r cl..'t:lllly. He the :\o nnnl nnd cnlled on his m.tny hen.•.

..x· "9+. lntch· elt>e ted ro in the ' tak :\ o nn nl. will go to the of d1e Emmon ..

1\laim.• in Chicn _!!o

Tn :-:ho w thdr uppn. ·intion of ' lurk':-: w ork them the past n::: presicleut of theY. \\" C. A the menthcn:: of t hn t ns:>ncin tio n met turday C\'c nin g. April 7, n nd pr esen ted ha with n cn rhon pt in t of lhc Good hep herd.-n co m pletc s urpri se m ost rtily enjoyed hy nil.

The .--\1-t C luh h t•lcl n m ost delig htfully pin nn cd rccqH ion ns the close of their st ud\', ct nd ill\·ited in so me of t heir {·, icnrl ::: to it wit h th un. A short pr ogrnm nnd r cfre::- hmc nt ::: co ntri b uted to the e Yeni ng's enjoy me nt. As a toke n of th cit· n pp t·ccint ion of her· :-: crvi ccs in coudu ct in_!! the work of the yea r. the club pn" se n ted Mi ss Elli s o fin e fn1m ed pi ct un:.

Thc Sha kcspent·c C lu h e nj oyed n m os t del icrh tfu l co nclu sion of it :> ,·enr's rending:> . n nd st ud y in a pi c nic at the h ome of W· E. Maj or s, Mny 17. The s ta te of the \n'a th· cr in tcr fcr c cl su m cw ha t with the ca rrymg ont of the o rigi nal bu t rain d id not in th e lenst damp en the en t hu siasrn nor less · en th t• g .)Qcl ch ee r of tl1 e gatheri ng. Refr es hment s of m ost tem pt in g a rray were s pread indoors in du e picnic fo rm; a novel f ca tut·e of th ese wlls the pre se n tat ion of a pi c tu t·e to Prof. P orter ft·om the class. Mi ss M ll;jors is· H m os t delightful h ostess, n nd the co mmittee of m-rn ngc mcn ts had a ll detail s of cn te t·tainm cnt in pe rfect aeco t·cl with the ch at·al·ttT of wo rk clo n e.

Clara Dean , 1900, ha s a cce pted a po !< itio n at Hold r ege for the en s uin g ye ar . .JI.

W. W. Water s, '98, has been rc-<:l cct ccl at Petersburg This is a g oo d t hin g for the sch ools at th at place as well as for Mr Waters. .;J.

Mr. Bra dy of the A cla ss wa s ca ll ed h ome recentl y on acco un t of the burning of hi s h ome . Arrangcmen ts ha vc b ee n made, h owever, so th at Mr. Br ady is not compelled to leave sc hoo l.

Th e Juni or class enter t ai n ed the Seniors in the society ha ll s on the evening of Apr il 21st. A program a nd game s were prov ided a nd re fr eshment s served , and it was a very enj oya ble occ a si on.

Th e S. E. Neb r aska Teachers' Association at Beatrice was a l argeiy attended ent hu si ast ic meeting, a nd much cred it is due Pres. Bigelow of Fa ll s C ity for it ; he is an indefatigable wo rk e r.

Prof. Ward of th e State Uni ve rsi ty recently favored us with a lect ure on '' Th e Fres h Watct Fa una ." Ev en the un bio lo cro ic a ll y inclined co uld not but be impressed with the popular trea tment of the subjec t. After t he lect ure he met the Y. M. C. A. a nd ga ve th em one of the m ost hel pful and practical talks of the yea r.

\V . L. Fren c h, ' !J7. for th ree ye : trs at Tren to n, has a po !->it i nn at Or lc am; fm· tH:x t ye ar , a ncl l':tll l Co is rc -clc clc cl at She lt on

Tcna whose sick n ess al the

Do rmit ory occasioned so til e co nce rn , reco vered t·a pid ly . to he in sc h oo l n ext te rm .

L·nnsidcrll hie She cxp cc ts

It is so m et hin g new m the history of Commencem en ts at the Sta te Normal to have reduced ra il road rates offe red a ll who come to Peru at that ti me. Get a certificate when yo u purchase your ticket to Peru on co mm ence me nt wee k, that yo u may get re turn rates at one-third fa re Let a ll former commencem ents be outdo ne in the ou t-o f-t own attendance

r. Co on s of the Po st -g r:tcl ll :t te clas s ha s th e p os it ion of su pc r·in tt•tlfl clll n l Edgar for the ens uin g y c: 11· and Mrs. Co o tlS will he prin c ipa l nf the hi gh s ch oo l.

The Chapel w :-ts fi ll ed the e vening of May 21 to h ea t· tho se laking part in the Elocutionary Reci ta l. A wide range of producti on held the attenti on of ·a ll thr oughout the even in g. These exer·cises n cvc t· fnil of gene ral int eres t.

Prof. M. A. Sa m s, wh o h as been princ ipa l of the Kennat·d schoo ls for t he past th ree yea rs ha s b een elected p ri nc ip al of the Silvet· Creek sc h oo ls for the coming year. Pt·of. Sams has proved a success in hi s prese nt work an.d well dcset·ves the advanced position he h as sec ured. Merit alway s wins.-Arlington Time s.

Ow in g to overcrowded n dws-column s of our Ma rch iss ue an exten d ed n ot ice of a most deli g htful Wnshington's Birthday party at the Dormitor·y was crowded out, and the om ission of the April num be r of the :Me s senger would make any account now of the dress and doin gs of the Coloni al Dam es somewhat out of d ate An it em making mention of Dt-. Be a ttie's attendance up on the Chicag o me et in g of the S up ednten dcnts' sect ion of the N. E. A., with t he nam es of others from Nebraska and so mewhat of th e pr oceedings, shar ed a lik e fate.

\! our Friend and h raph r.

.... ... nuw fur him,df.

J\n tl ,your kind ptt lt'OilHE! •. 1 w ill I pl '-': t !--C th · wht.•n t lw y ''THr us t th eir to my ctt r • Yon nn: n lway !'

In Neilson's oldt>lace, over Thompson.& Peery's Department Store.

the w cste t·n o ffi .c of t he l nrgc st sch oo l.s upp ly hou se iu the wo rld-The School ture Co., of Ne'y XQ rk nn d,. C hic a go . \V e, sell evt' r yt hing !'o r sch oo ls, in ; '."J" qunut1ty n nd t he p at r011 age ot weste rn feac h et·s a, nlil boards ot t'du cattOII. Write us hctore yo u pl ace :;,, mutter wh at yOU ·want for Scho o1S we baYe it , in qua li ty lhe hcSt nud priCCS the (O\\'l'St. \\ C arc tt l sn arle n ts for· tlw W estern Publi s hing Hou se of C hicag-o nud se ll ev ery t hing- t.o the POLLARD SYNTHE!.'IC METHOD OF TEACHING READING. 'Writl· to rn fi·c"'. trenhsc o.n thi H mc lih ocl. F'o1· )l ut.t r library we w ill •sel l you at who lcsn lc pri ces any h ook pubhshcd . We uwkc wspcc ial ty ofs up plyi ll g and ,sch oollil;> ra t; cs in 1sizc fro nt :"\9 to 5000 vols. Addn.•ss :• II

• THE -WESTERN SCHOOL BOOK CO. E. O. GARRET ,' Manager, r .; FREMONT, NEBR.

eets all compe t ton, : i In Quality or at Moderate Up ·to ·date, Con s tantly Adding New Features. l

S, I (Succu1mr to 1.hc Ia lc 1I. M. M c an• .)

SECOND HAND BOOKS

If )"() U h :l\·c hool 1!' th n l you do rl!>t need, t•onllign lhcm to 1' hc r Office. The rlcmn nd for hn ntl ltn oks gr eater than IJ ur s upp ly. t he m in

\Vc c nn pl c ne;c you wil h our pl·inting. Ca rds, Bul;ince;s Ca rds , Reco mJnc ndati,,n s, Lctler Hcnd s, Envelopes , elc., in «;) 1c n ew of t.'"P'-' ·

June-July, S900.

Ida E. Cibb. Euge ne B. Max cy, William R. Buchonon. Mary Steuteville. Mary E. Moore. B. M. Ston t! Minnie K t> y, Susie B. L ocku. W. E.Shumnn. L uella·WOri ck. '

Arthur j ames. Ed1th S. Mose s. Pearl Stevens) n, JuUa Pittam. H. L. Barr:ck .. W. B. Me tcalf. Henrietta Mar, aret Reid. Jessi e Hennfg. Josephine Wlnque st. C. N. Mary M. McGrew Elzacia Clara A. De:tn, All ee E. Yo rk. Cora· B. Hill.

11 THE VOICE FROM THE CLOUD.''

Baccalaureate Sermon, June 3, l900.

Ny /Jr .f 1\. l knll ic.

Iof 1111 llll•n· i111f111 1'l :tnl : 1ncl :1pprupri -' Ll' words for th : 111 th ose of, th e voi t·e fr om th e cl o ud conC(' t'nin g th e Sa vior: "Thi s ts mv lll' lo n·cl So n; he at· him .' .. Th at we m ay sec 111 hi s h l': 1u Ly; th at we mn .v kn ow Christ as th e a nn o intcd of th e F nt ht•r wi th the: o il of :th ovc hi s th nt we: mny uncl l' rsta nd th e Sa vior in his po wl·r and willin gn ess to sa ve ; that we may fo ll ow th e lc o din gs of th e Great T eac het·; ancl th nt o ur li,·cs may hl' with th e fulln ess of his purpose n ncl cr o wm·d with hi s he:n ccli ction, lc:t us study thl' se wcH·rh;: '' This is my hdov ed Son; he :t r ltim " -"h car yc him.' ' Thl're an: some thing- s t·onm·ctcd wi th life: : mel eh ara ctt·r w hi ch o nce luww11

a rc nut forg o tt en, and can nl·vc.:r, fr om th e: nature of tlwir inAue:n .. Wt· so metirn(·s think this trill' of cet·t nin pt·r:. I I "(" so ns unc l' r Lnis or tha t pe c uli ot· co ndition a nd for ge t t hat it tr11 c of n ll perso ns :tnd und er all as cliffercnl :ts cia\' and night . Wlti k· l'\' \T_\' al'li o n, l'icl e nl r1nd llliT-:1l'l t· r tlw :1 whidt ..;cannot : tll'o rd to l ose, it is true , al so, t ha t so me of Christ' s uttt:rnn ecs nn9 s.omc of th e co nn ec ted with -his arc mot·e s trik' ing a nd si g nificnnt th :1n ,: t hers.

They a rc:: s uch tha t thl' v ca nn ot he re ncl, e ven for th e ti.me, with out sl opping to think of tht• hnmili tv with which .Jes us w as cl o thed, tht• ·'whi ch Chri st exe rci se d, ;:t nd th e di v in e p owe r which bore t cs tim o nv to th e sig ni fi cant a nd f ftc t th at thi s is th e Sa vi or of me n-th e pmmi s cd Deli vc t·crthe M ess iah of God-th e ann o int ed of th e fat her. One of th e m os t s triki ng and m os t

lll'l"I I1Tl' 11 l'l'" of \\' fli t•fl \\'l' h:l \' l' : 1n y :1l'l' fllln l du r in g th <.'l':1nhly lil 'l· ••f.l .. th:1l t·: dk d Th l' tion of v\ l' Ita n: It rt· !'111111.' r "' o1Hll'd'u1 w hi l' h m:1rl< tht· :t11thn1·it : 1li \'l'

in g of a di sp l' n s: 1ti on h:.d for mor l' thiln fo rt\' :tnd th l.· word s whi ch ann o u1 1l:, d tlt l' l' ll1ning nf lh t· new-' ism v be lcJ\ t·d Sun; hl'at· him .''

Whil e this vo ic e did nul clcc l:tn· in l lll\' 1 \\':1 .)' th e t•l os ing up of th e o ld nnrl the opt ning of th l' nc \\', it in n imp cH·L:1nt s t·n se the 11l ginning of the day of g r:tt·e :1ncl th t· fllllillm t· nl nf !" prolllto th e childn ·n of llll'll

Thi s Thi s ts Ill\' hl'lo\'l cl Son; he at· ye him ' - whi ch \\':t!' 1n:tck in the hem·ing of Pc..'le1 ·, .Jame s :.ncl John is im p orl:111L :tll i11111l SL s ignific:tnl or ljlim whos e \'Oi<.' l' w:t s hc :1nl ; he<.':lltst·nfthc c irt·umsl:llt<:<.·,; undt·t· whil'h thl' wnrcl s caml'; h ec : 11t se nf thl' l: lllguage IISt·d; : tncl hc.:cat1se of the di\'in t· pct·sOtt : 1gl' \\'l' :tll nn· _t·omnt : tncled to ht :tr , to at• e t·pl :tttd tnol1e _,._ Th t' lif,. :tncl pl : tt'l', thl' tl'n c hing and :tllth o rit y of Christ in th e tht:a t ct· of m: tion , as he re nnnoun cc d arc eo nnct·lt'd with th t· wcll -bci ng _ nf socit·t y, with the pcn <·c of c ommunity . with thl' tlev t: lopm cnt of th e s trttt• , with th t· pr ospct·ity n f' th e natin11 , and with the g lory and nl th e:: ntee .

Tw o things show th at this is not cl a intin g to CJ

1. Th t: h: sso n t aught by e \·en t in the pnsn nal mini st ry of Cht·ist is po inl• rl out by wha t w:t s sn icl, is em ph a!> ized hy wh at wa s clone :t nd is expl: tin ed hy thl' c ir c um sta nces un rkr whi ch the at ion t oo k

rt II-. :-; 1'.\ I'E :\tHOl.\1. :ctiUtH '

2. The ru: on I nf l hut "hic.:h don(: for iuclividual ntc..·n :tnd wumc.. n. fur commuu i tic-. and lor t ri :entln:u iun:-: durlhc ng ...·::-. whidt h:l\' l' conu::tntl hy thf, c who have..· ;.!in:u th · c..•nr :;ncl lhc :1 ll"'lll i vc..· IH :II't ltl t h... lllt..·:o::-:ng,• (r,m tlw l'lnn d. th,· thin'-!'

\\'ith in eni nd kt u-:.."' t utly t he.· ut th e.· vo ic e.: tlull we..· 111:1." kllu \\ thc..•i •· iml,.,,rt a nd u•uk• ::-. t:end n: l:e t in n to A fl'W d :e_v-. hc.:for c..· th e..· ti iii C nr l rll ll :-'· tigura ti oll h: ed :-:n icl to hi:-: ancl to the p co plc.:- " will t•n mc af te r mt·. l c.: • h i111 de ny : end tn kc up hi.. (.TO!'!' :t llcl fo li o \\' li l t.'. sa or lh <: S: e\'i01 · l·nfnn:c.: cl J,y :1 d cli n g- : "F or will n· lifi: sha ll it; hut wh os C' \'C: I' los e..· hi s life.: for my s ak e Hnd th l· th e sha ll s a\' (' it ."

Th at t hi s m: 1tt cr nf o nd l os mg lif<: mi gh.t: be· up on th e.: minclnn d h ea rt and th <• t t ,·:du e.: of t he.: lw in g C hri st l' Hll1 t: to ,.c.: 111 igh t bC' und er sto od a nd apprcc i[l tc.: d, For wh :1t !-' hnll it p e·o flt n mnn if he.: gn in th e who l<: wn dd and lnsc own so ul ? Or w hnt s hall a gi ,·t! in excha n ge for hi s so ul ? \Vh osnc , ·ce·, thcrcfn n:, sha ll be as ham ed Of niC ancl of 111 )' WOt 'clS ill t hi ::< a nd sin ful gC' ncr·ation of h im also sha ll the So n of i\llnn be as hnrn,C'd when he COI11l.'th in t ill' g-lor·y of hi s Fa t h1.T a nfl th e holy an g els .''.

\h.<' ithout sto ppi ng to c on s irlc •· th{ st.nte ment s with whi ch t hi s Hdrle·ess tc1 ns g i\'l' ll in th c ii•·st \' ce ·sc .nf the ninth dwpt.c.. ;· , is ,t os tqcl ,.y ,'v hc th cr the t·xp rc ssi on-'' Then:: b,c some sln ndin g, hc·e·c"-rcfc •·s to t he th en a nd th ere pe·csen t. or to t: hc .J ew ish nn tion, incl u din g, of c o11r·st·. the J•:ws of th e pr·ese nt cl ay , !-iCH ttercd among ::t ll p eo pl es a nrl to the e nd s of the t·:u·th- ll nd the wo rd s which fo ll ow -· Which n ot ta ste of d eat h ti ll tAcy lw \'C the kingdom c,f G od comt· wit h po\ vc r·''- tha t is to co ns id er w hcth c•· o•· nc1 t t hi s is spoken nfthc wond L• rful of clivin c power· rn

with to nguc.>s on the Uay of Pen · tt.: nnd nt th e ho use ofCo rndiu s, or of the kss wo nde rful ey e nts which God hns w ;o u).!ht du rin g tbr eig ht eenlwn · cl rc..'d u nd .-ix t \' fi n• or seve mv ve nrs Chri s· ti nni t ,. lws in th l· wo rl d. irt usse,•k ro the tm ns fi g ur mi c'm n nd tn np ·. • 1 • 1 • , n " 11 ''"" of prt: ' l:lll' t H.' fnr-reuc un g t•o n se. ,n. ,, . hl·i n •r ohe rli,•Ht in h ea rt :111d life to the t-o w orch. · henr ,·c h im ··

Si x dnys aftt."r Jes us h nd sa id: · \\'h oso· t'\' cr II he..· ns hnm ed of me a nd my wo rds ,·· he to ok the cbm: cn tlm:l' Peter , Jn m,•s nnd Jo hn the srt me three wh o tn ke n apur t fro m the ot hers in the n f< . l'thse mmle nnd as ked ro watch un t el he prnycd. n nd we nt u p. to us. nn ull · k 11 o wn · mo unt n i11 a nd w as trans fi g url·d before them.

Th nt is. jl'S us a ppea r ed in be mety nnrl in glo rY , n nd voi ce fr om th e cl o ud ab ove thcn.r s aip : "Thi s is my bclo,·ed Son; henr him ."

Th e mo unta in is unkn o wn for s om e g-oo d r easo n, no rl o ubt . a nd proba bly for th e r ea son th at we ca nn ot tell , beyn nd q ues ti o n, up on what hill· th e Se nn o_n on the Mo un t w as g iy en. Th e reaso n IS fo u11d in th e di sp osition of men in a ll ages nn d l' \'cn· wh ere, r nther th an fr om a ny thin u sa id in th e Bibl e in rela ti on to it.

A;"'t hc ci ty of iViecca in Antbi a. th e birth· p m·c of Nfohn mm cd, is r egn rd'cd n :oo a sn· cre el unci holy pl nce t own rd which the f rt CL' l-' of the dev out M os lcm i' L' ver to he · 1 · 1 t ·lr'1ch the l: eithturu ed '" 11p , nn e o" ful nrc ex p ec ted to make rt t kn st ouc jour· · f "'-il d · a i r caa rclcd

Jl eV 'tllrl th e l'ltV 0 H C Ill · 0 wtt j, 'interes t it is the sceue o fhi s t riumph n nd the b egi nnin g of th e grea t· n ess w hich itself to th e fo under' of th e M os lem fa ith , so it wo uld hn \'C bccn in so me ages of the C hurch nud in so me pla ce to t hi s very ho ur . Th e mo unta in of trnns fi gu ra ti ou n ncl th e mounta iu f.-om whi ch the di sti ng ui shin g princ ipl es of C hri st '. k in gdom were pn)cln im cd wo uld h nvc r eceived grea ter

I homa ge more fer ve nt wors hip than the di_v ine person age wh ose raiment shone as the hri gn tness of the mor ni ng and ns the w hit ene ss of the sn ow, an d of whom it w as sa id when he ha d ended hi s say ings on that gn:H l ncc as io n: "The p eo ple we re a st o ni sh ed at hi s d oc t ri ne: ; Por he tnu ght them ns one h nv ing r1ml n ot the sc ribe s. '

ln the mid st of thi s glo rifi crl a pp e: m ln cc: wit h whi ch Jesu s was clo th c: d .there :Yio ses nnd Elias, wh o udk c: d with C hri s t, a nd P ete r who knew n ot wh: 1t c:l se to for th e: gra nd e ur of th e co mpan y a nd th e: glor ifie d a ppea1·nnee in w hi ch th ey w ere, sa id to the Sa vi or: ''Mas t<·r. it is g oo d for us to he h ere. Let us m ake: three tabe rn a cl es : one for Th t·c. and one for Mo ses a nrl one for Elias .' ' ' A ncl thtn: a do ud that O\-c ndw cl nw ccl th l·m; a nd a voic.-: co me oul of th e cl oud sn yi ng. Thi s is my belov ed So n; he ar him ."

How tr ue to Bible hi s to ry th e wo rd s of the po et :ts he l<.:: tcl s up to thi s grc: t t t'Vt nt in the pcrso nnl mini s try of jl'S\;S, whe n he s ays :

"At mi dnight, on th<: mo un tn in

The Holy Sa vior be nd s in prayc t·; A ll s ile nt ly the mon tents g li de \V hilc for ,a wo rl d he wrestles th ere.

'.'T he fri en ds th at ne ar him wa tch wo uld k ccp \\' hi lc wore the linge ri ng ho urs away, \Vca r ied, at length, h aq su nk to s leep,'

Nor heeded nnw his long delay.

"Hut l o! ft·om I-l ea vc n a s ud de n li ght

Poured da zzl ing splendo rs o'er the sce ne:

As if on deepest glo om of night

The mid -dav sun b rok e for th s eren e./

"T he sleepers wok e; their eyes

Amazed the glo ri ous vi s ion s aw.

Br ight he ralds from the s ki es

Co n fir m the p rop h et s an d the Ia w.

"\ \' i th Ch ri st, the Lord's :VIess ia h, me t.

Th ey h<)ld w it h hi m c ommuni on hi gh ; of th e j oy before him se t,

Speak of the de ath th at he sh ou ld <l ie.

" Th en w hq e, as from the et er nal th ron e

On h im t·ad ie ncc stre am ed.

\'\'hil c as th e light hi s ra ime nt shon e,

"Hi s fa ce with go d lil{c lu ster b ea m ed.

" And \'oil'l' that lillt·d th t·

Ere yel t he won d rou., t-l'l'ttl' is dome, ll crtr end, the F :tther· , i,·e dlT I:t r c.

Thi s is my we ll hclll\'ell So u:·

Th t· s ol emn it ,. : 1nd thl· :- ignifil·:t n cc whi ch t·o me to wi tlt thl·.,c: ,,.,H·d :- : tl'l' not alo ne: f ro m th e: f: tl' l th :t t th nll tgh th e: rl ou1l n nd hv m e:l ns of ll tl' ,. ,.ilT :t :< his li H' :<se ll ).!\'1 ack no wll:d gl·d :\: tz: tn:th :t s hi s Sou : 1nd co m mand c: cl th :tt hv -. houl cl h e: hl·;u·d. hut : til is in tl·n:- ifi cd t,y t he pn ·scn cc of l\'lnscs : tnd Eli:t:- : uu l l,y thl· n·:t :< on s fqr the ir :q >p ear:tnec on thl· tncHtll l of tt ·:lll sfigu r:. ltion. \\'ch an· in this n·L·ogni ti on nf

J es us hy th e Fa th L· r :tn d in this co ll ll ll:tll cl to h ea r hi m nn ckr the :t ll l' tHi ing cin·tt tust: tn ccs :tnd in th e: l'O lltl l Tt ion in w hi l·h a ll th is w:ts donl· th e :t utho ri ty to pr oc l ui m hi m :t s King of : tnd L ord of Lo rd s: as I [e acl on:r : tl l t hin gs to the C hu n·h; :t :< th c T ca c: herof: tl l tl w :1gc s :a s the L nw -gi,·cr of J ew : tn d Ge ntik; :ts thc divi ndy : tpP"intc cl Proplwt. Pri L·st a ncl :t JICI a,... the Sa'v io 1· who po ssesse s both :t hi li ty nn d willin gne ss to sa ve: a ll who : tt 't.: wil l in g in Lhe dn y of hi s gt·:tlT nn d lll l'tTy. "r hi :< t:r ;t nd l'xa lt:tt i<H t.

No wo ncl cr t hat the p oe t. who ha s alre ad y quoted, having fo und a ll th i!' in the visions of the pr o ph ets, in the so ngs of th l' p :<a lmi st; tn the expt·css p t·om i:< t: S of Go d to th e c hilcl t·en of I sn tcl in the histor _\ of th e .J ewish nation and in the pr ovidl·n cc which h as gui rkrl th e hu111 an 1'1\Cl' , sho ul d sav :

\, Brca lis the nw t·n in g ft·om the Glows on th e m ou n ta in tops the li gh ts; Ln! ye w ho w11i t wi tli lo ng i ng ey es , The s un asccndcth- en rls th e nig ht.

"T hou "C hr ist <>f God ! P' ro m a ges pa st · Th y glm·y h as hel·n all eon c<·a l<-cl ; '.1\o mon al ey es an cl can; at l:tst

Heho lrl th at glot·y now t·c,·c; ll cd.

' 'Th nu ar l th e \' it·gin 's S on fn t·cto ld , or oa,·id 's n >y al line th y bi rt h;'

t hin e, as su ng t he lyn·s of nl 1 •

Tn gladden a ll the gma nin g ca t·th .

" Th ou a t; t the Lot·d's anno in t ed. Th ou Th e.! Star of J acob-Ismcl 's Kin g:

T, Thc.-c u II t h r •w anol I'" ....... hrtll hn\\.

Tn Thn· all prinn· t 1·ihut•· l111111.!

"0 Grctlt llcli\' 1..'1'<' 1' hnrn tn '·''"'-'·

Tlwc "h .t ""' and a Ill.! u i:-h , , .., .. 'Ti,.pn!ot th•·.,lw, tlwn·

The wny t•' n·th·h Th .' t 1 iuutph li,·:-

".\ world hy TIH'I..' ,· ·d ,. ,n ,·d and ctl

The trophy of Thy ''"' '':-hall he: And Tho u, tl tt: L "n l ,,, l. •lrcl

Shall \\" <.::11· t 1..'1·• "''" qf

\\'hn th en. i :-; th 1..· :\ ln :-; c..•:- : 1nd \\'h n t$

\\'hn to th e..· 11 1nunt ,,f

urn tion rtncl t: tlkt·d \\'it h in

c n<:c and hc..·n ··in ;.: of' P et1..'1' .J :t n ri .J oh n. :t nd ftJ f \\' h: tl cJ i cJ tlt c..·y l'Ol ll l..' ?

i l' Li t e..: \\' h n:<c n•d fro m a g-n • v<.· in th 1..· 111· in nne of the ca nal::; ,,r th e..: gTe :t l ··in:t• or E gy pt : \\' hO h c..·C:tmc lh c adop tt: cl :<ll ll nr cb ug- h "\ tc r: who \\' :t :< "e dn c..: nt l· d in all th e..• wi sdom of th e: Eg ypt i:t n:< ;" \\' hn w: t :< mi gh ty it't "won!:< n nd d ee d :<: " "·ho :<< Ht ght to m ak e..• pc:tcc: hcl \\'C..'L' ll or h n.·th•·etl who !'t r ovt: toge tlt c..· t·: "·ho ni ckd th e of th e..: of J\ ·Jid i: 11t to w at c..· •· th e tln t: l<s of thci •· fa the •· : \\'h n few fort, yc:a rs li vc: cl an At·ahi an li fe:: who th 1..· wi ld thor·n -b ush of the d esc n hun tin g yet not co ns um ed; who tunt c: d to see thi s ma ni ft:s tn ti on of di ,· in l' p nw c..•r·; who h ea rd the wo nl s•, " l'u t off' th t: fr·om ofT th y fc..-e t, fn 1· the pl nc..·e wh <.'l'l'O n thou st a ndc:s t i :; holy g -.- o uncl ; ' who to d l'lin·•· his H cb t·e w ft·om Egyptian bonda g e..·; who r1t th e s ain t.: t im t.: pro ph e t, Jea d<.'l', \ :t \V-g_- i vC I' and C0111 11;lf1 11 cl <..'!' of th e C hi l dren o f' hnrl' l; wh o'· as th e: medium th•·ough wh om Go cl gn ve the mo•·n\ law of t hl· 0\ rl who was g- ri eve d with the of' c n- in g who saw f rom Nc..·hn t.he l:r nd of G ik•:td n ncl to Dan; :rn rl the s: tm c: M osei' of whom it is w•·ittl' rl in th e..: Sc 1·i "S o Mos es , t·he !'c t·vn nt of the L on.! rli ccl in Lhl: la nd of Mon h ;rec c)l' di ng to the "'or d of the Jo n\. And h e: hu1·i c..·rl him in th e: \[all ey in In ncl of l\11oa h, o vt.: •· agn in s t Be th -p eo •·; bu t no man knowet h of his sep ukh1T un to

thi :- d: l\·." i:> the 1>f wh om it is :-:t id: ·•.\ nd children of 1- rnd wept lilr :\ l ose:' in the plains of Al oa b t hirty dn Thi s is the :\l oses of wh om hl rs. '. ·F wro te th nt ,·en· ben ntifn l poc.• rn wh o :>e opening stnnzn gin•s the hi stn ry when she nys:

"ll y :\elm ':: lonely nt tmntnin. on t his .f or· tln n 's wn,·e, In 11 ,·nit• in thl! lnncl of ;\l onb. t hl'n! lie!:; n lonely

But nn mnn that scpul dtcr, a nd no mnn :-:n ". it

For the of God upt urned the sod an d lnid ;l to.: dend 111 1111 tl u:rl' ."

This is the :\ l oses wl :o cn me to th e mo unt of trans fi gur at ion n nd ta lk ed wi th

J t>i' II S, and in wh os e hen rin g the Yoice fr om t'i oud sa id: " Thi s is my beloY ed Son; h ea r , ·e him ."

Fu ;. wh at pu rp ose di d this nncient law· nf Go d wh m:c wo rd s for fu ll y fi fteen i ltln d rtd y cnrs we re thl· end of a ll s tri fe, nnd d irect ions were fo ll owed in the tem ple wo rs hip n nd in thl' na ti onal co nncils of th e Jews, np pcn r in co m pa ny with El ia s?

\V as it to sec th e glory of t he Lo rd ns it shone in t he fnc·c of J es us and \\'1\S it to behold the h en u ty of the Sav ior as he upon thnt mo un ta in t op with his raiment as w hi te as th e ligh t?

N[t)', bu t for much more sign ifi ca nt rc a· so ns th an thes<; . Moses ca me to the mo unt, of t ran sfig ura tio n to cast his crown at the feet of the Me ss iah, to lay d ow n the ro d of em pi re he lwd bo rn e so long nn d to p;ive up the au th orit_y w hi ch hnd b ee n ves t ed in him th nt th'e thunder· in gs of Mo unt Sinai might be hu sherl forever a nd th at the vo ice of wo rd s might he hl·a •·d no mor e.

Mo:::cs ca me thnt the mes sen ge rs of the Pr·in ce of P eace mi g ht gu to a ll n at ions n nd to ngues of th e en rth nnd say: •·Come yc un to l'v[o un t Zi on, a nd mtto the city of the li ving Go d, th e h envcnly Je nt iinlcm. und to nn irnm cns ur ab l<' co mp any of an-

gels, to the ge neral a !lsem bly and c hurch of the First IJorn, w hich arc wr itten in hea,·en, and tu the Jud ge of ' All, and to the sp ir i ts of just men m ade perf(·ct, and to 'Je!'lus the meclialur of the new co,·cnant and lo the blood of sp ri nk lin g which spcakct h IJ ellc r t hi ng s t hnn lh c blood ,,f Ahcl." The )!real purp ost in :1 wor d, of the meeting of Moses the me dia to r of tht· o ld CO\'e nant , with J es u s, :VIe di<twr of the IH:w,; ir. the or P ete r' Ja lilt" S anti Jo hn was that Chri··t mi g ht he kn ow n, ack n ow ledged and as the Mess iah of Go d, the Annointcd of tht Father and the Savio r of men, :tncl that to the addt·d l' nd that w<.· mi g ht hear him, n:joicc in hi s love :mel fav o r, he d llth ed with hi s t·ighteuus m:ss, wit h hi s life a nd s pi ri t a nd he cr ow ned with the ho no rs of his d ivi ne go\'l· rnnH.: tJt.

Wh o1is the E li as here me nti o ned and fo r \Vh<lt purpo se dirl he come to this st·cne of glo ry and be au ty?

The lt'}\'S look ed for' the litL' ral fulfi ll mtnt oft h<.· closing wo rd s M the Old Te sta mtnt -th e wo rd s of th e prop het MEtlachi, co nce rnin g th e co min g 11 f Elij ah befo rt th e dH ys of Christ on e:1 rt h.

Th e· prophet s01y:-: ··lleh o ld I w ill sl' tJd yo u Elijah the propl11·t. hefore the co ming of the gr eat nnd dr. wlful d ay of t ht L ot d; a nd he t urn tht IH ·art s of the fathers to the ehil rln;n II tiel qll' !warts of the thi ltl r en to th e father:-.'' Whe n John the Ba pti st ca me the J ews th ou g ht Eli jah h nd h ee n re store d to them nnd th ey ns kerl h im, "A rt thon Eliw;?''

Althoug h the pi'Oph {'t E li n s. ot· El ij i th , who is ca ll ed the l'tsto rer of the In\\' , h nd not co me, yet the pc r:-un foretold hy Ma l:tt·hi had nppe:11Td in th l' per son ofJohnth c Baptist.

Thi s is ev ickn t. for .J es us says l'O ll Ce l'llingjo hn: "Fo r a ll the prophets the lnw propht·sicd until Jo hn a nd if yc willreL·ei ve it . th is is E li ns, who was to come.''

As ii. was sni d by th e angel hc for e the hirth of so it en me to p as's in hi s life.

Jo hn , :t!-. hi!-. "\\'l.' lll ht·forc in th<· and of Elijn h. to tnrn t ht· !w art-. uf thL· 1':1 t to t ht· l' hildn·n: :uul ti ll' disnli L·diL tt t to till' wi.:dom flf th t· tfl n·:11 ly :1 p t·opl l' prepnn·d for th t' Lo rd "

When .J 1>htt h: td th ro ugh till' wilclt·rnes:-. of !ud1·:t t urnin g tltt' hL·:11·t,.: of th1· peopk. ttp nu t hL·nt tt> r·t·pl' tl t fot'

Lht· l<in g dotll or 11 1." 1\' l' tl \\' II>< :1l h: tnrl : ttH J h:td pn·p:trL·d \\' :1_\' or tht • J. ., rd fly ll tllk· i ng hi s s tr : 1ight. hi ,.: wnd ' wn,.: L'n d-

John had tin: honor or hting thl· lwrltingt· r of Chri,.:L. of pnpari ng th<: "'" .Y fot· hi !- of going in till' \\' :tte t·s or t hl· .Jord: tll With JL':-<IIS :tllcl or he :t ri tt g :1 \'oin·, :tflt'l' t JH.: h nptiS III of C hri ,.:t, front ll e: t \'t' ll ,.:; 1,·: ·This i,.: Ill }' bclo\'erl So n in \\'hom I an.t \\T il pk :tsL·d" .l (• l111 the L·:1me to the 11Hlllllt:tin "f ' tran -: fignr:ttil)n in cr 11np : •ny with th:1t hl' nJi g ht, in Lllt· or JHlll l:S nnd .J ohn . gi\' \.' in to tll l' lt :1111JS uf J e:- us th e hriL·f : tulhnri ty \\'hi e It It d heen his

As Jo hn h:ul th e , ·nice fr om H e:t,·en after the lmplism of Jcsu!" s:t y: "Thi:- is my So n in who m 1 :t1n wl'll .plcal'ccl ," so now hL· coml:s b:tck to Lh 1.• mount of trans fi g nnt tinn to hc :ll' Llw :-nntc vo ice fr om the <':lo ud confes!' !<:sus ns the So n o fGocl and to hea1· adcl t·il thL· wnrd:<'' lt c':lr h im" - 'he:tr ye hi t;n "

Wh at, tltt·n, is the :-:ign i lit:a nce ni' mollnl of tnlnsfigunttion, of the com i ng of Moses and the El ins of the ,:oil'{' from Henvcn nnrJ pn·sen ce :1tHI t t·sti mony of Petet·, J ames and Joh n? It is hl'!" t of th:tt .J C!'; II S is : tntlf) ttnc ed HS the Son or Gu d :111d g1owing.,ut of th is rch tion of son:-hip the eo m lll :tllcl tn h{'i lt' h im to h eeo 111t' olwdie nl to hi s to, he :1 pnl·tn kct· of his l ife to Il L' dotl1l•d with his to s har·e in his n:"l t ll l'e, to b <'n t· his fru :t o: to he t: n 1ght l•y h is wisdo m. to hl' in s pin·d with hi s lt CJly p 11rpc .s1·s. to n:j ni rl' in thL· cl n_v of hi s jo y n ncl triumph. : tn rl tl) be crnw nul wit h the hon ors of an lite.

Jt j., in the thl." :t llll (l lll l \."1...'rnrnt In· tl i,·i ll '-' n uth us··it y nn e! hy n udi ble yoicL" t hnt t hi :- t h'-· .' hil nh of th l' pro ph l' t :.n 11 th 1: ;\ lc :-:-i: ds nf l :' n1d n 11<l nl:on th'-'. 0 11 ,1 (;w l i 11 wh o 111 IH· w:t :< wdl :11111 thro ugh : 111d 111 :t n tn lit' from :-; in : 1nd dcnlh ;x ot llJlly but. i 11 "''"' to henr him ,:_ri\''-' 11 in thf: prese nce of Jo hn th e Bn pti 'i t, the wh o wn s to co me, th ere implied the n cg-n ti vc -unt l\ lo !'es n ny c:r for he h ns s'-·s·,·c.:d time nnd fulfi lh:d hi s divin e John the Bnpt ist any longer for he ha s pr cpnred the way of t he Lo rd mncic· ready for hi s co min g :111d kingdom but he ar yc· him whoscclnim to righttul nuthos·ity h<.-cn estab li sh ed hy sig- n nu rl nsi n:tck :mel to om· love n nc1 Jny al ty hy de at h nnd s·csu•·s·ct:tion.

Yen dain1 to u IH \Inc ahove ev ery o th er namc.·-lo :1 pl:t e<' a hove ot hl'l' plac1: :tnd to ' :1 h ca l'i pg ancl an oi1cdicncc : 1mong- : dl n ncl a nd tonguc.:s <.·o 11fin11 ('(l hy wh n t the tilln is . hy that to which Chs·istinn hope by th at whids n ntion!' an·, and by th at which Christinn f:r it h n nd en tc rpri !'e sec k to ncco mpli sh. Eclwar·d M ar kham it right when

"T he crest nud cr·o wnin g of all gond, Life's fi nal star, is R•·:>therhoorl: For it w ill bring ag-ain to Enrth ller long-l ost Poesy and 1\1 irth; ' Will sen d new life nn every face. , A king-ly powet· up on race."

But this fruitious an d af te rm a th,-this faith in un seen goo d and hope· in divine gu id ance a nd benediction h ave their sou r ce n nd confirmat ion in . the fact th :H t hi s perwho appea r ed in beaut-y and g lory on the mo un tain of -tra n sfig uratio n w as n ncl is the So n by whom t he Fathe1· h at h s pl>k<.'n-not to I srael alone-but to the childr cn of me n, and the Son whose words nrc made sure a nd hi s a uthority tonll g<-'nc nttions hy th e fact that .he is the "b rig ht-

of hi s glory nu d the express i rn n ge o fhis pen;n n'' nod of wh om also it cledo n-d · a :-cepte r of righteonsnc:s!' is t h1..' SC.'l' pter of t hy Thou hn st lnn •tl rightcnusnCi'i' n nd hntcd tlwrefo rc God, thy God, h nt h :tn nointwith o il ofgl:ui ues!l nho\'C t hy ws ."

In the li g ht of this exaltation well m ay the poet sny:

"' ublim est thought sha ll fail and learn ing fal· ter, Ch u rc hes s hu II change, fomts perish, systems go But o ur deep hum an needs, they sha ll not nite r; Christ. no after age sha ll e'er outgro w.

Yen, Thou changeless One alone and only Art li fe's guide und s piritu al goal , Thou the light ttcross the dark vale lonely. Thou the eternn l have n of the soul.''

To the members of these three tlasscs wh o :1 rc to be grn clu nted fr om the Normnl Sc ho ol on "(•clnes clfly next an added wo rd nWY nol be ont of pl ace, seeing that in you cell the of the se closing days of the :.-:choo l \'cnr 1899-1900. You a': , so to n.t the parting of the ways.

The mind without any effort a nd with ,·crv littk rlircction goes back ove r the ' fliai1 t of months when you come together n nd it goes out to the future \vi th equal a ncl with abo ut the same em oti or.s in so far ns th ey relate to the tics. a nd eo mpnni onships which hind vou togctha.

pnrting of the ways ca ll s for n lookin g' h nckw ni·rl nncl for a con s idc rn tion. of wh at it nil me ans and at the snmc tune it fls ks to renlize that for this very end we cn m e, an d to reach this point in our d evelopment we h av e followed the g uide .of teachers and we have st ru ggled an d worked together. We are told that in England. where "the Janet ends, a nd the foot of the is land pu s hes itself far out in to the sea, you come up on a house. Approaching the hou se from one side, yo u r ead, written on it s walls, the legend , ' Thi s is the la st hou se in England'-and

tha .t is m cl ;tncholy enough. B ut Jl:l s!- in g ro und th e hou se, yo u re nd t hi s lege nd , wr itten on it s other wa ll , ' Thi s is the fi r sl h ou s!; in Engla nd '-ru ul the whole pr osp c.,; t bri gh te ns."

As you loolc fr om the one ro i nt of VIC\\' the scc ue is e nd ed, the :1ct is d nm·, the g cw l fo r w hi ch yo u st art ed has been r t·:1cht·d. the tra inin g for w hi ch you h :lf l hoped has been s c:i.:un.:d, th e wa ys ha,·c pa rted a nd in a few cl :1vs wi ll find him self w ithou t hi s class mat es a nd the ch ee r a ncl streng th of th e ir life ancl f(: ll ow s hip But go in g round to lh c ot htr s id e a nd l oo kin g in the oth er th t prosp c:tt is b ri ght wi th th e glo ry of the untr ied fut urc. bi g w ith the po ss ib i liti es of the twe nti C'l h et·nt ur y. ra di a nt w ith th e: honors nf a use fu l life and happy in th e an t icip:1ti on of :1 c rown c,f i mm or tn l vouth. '

Th e IT! em hers of th e fa l.'u l ty ha vt w: 1tchcd with anxiou s eHre wi th cvcr gn>win g int erest yo ur steps of prog re ss a nd the buildin g of yo u1· dwrn ctet·. Whil e the imme di ate care n nd the r es ponsib il ity of pe rsonai d it ·cc tion "'•ill end with Wed n es d ay n ext th e intcn·st in y our wcl fa n: shn ll no t less sm·d by mile s of di s tan ce and ye:. rs of tim e. As yo u come b ac k to tlws e ha ll s and sc tn es. to th ese .d ays of st ud y a nd st ru gg les to th ese yea rs. of d rill a nrl co mp a ni ons hip . in memory. : 1n rl on :: l:-: ion':tll y in personal pres c·nt l·, m ny th ·. y l 1(· :t n., in spir at ion and a be nc di t ti on-a tim e ri cb in r ccp ll ec ti ons of go od a nd snc recl h eca usc fo rmecl, faith mnd r s ure a nd ho pe ins pired. You go o ut at a eve nts c ro ...vd up on t· a.eh ot her so rap idly th at we c nnn ot m easu re th cit· v alu e, un r)c r·stand the ir sig nif·ica n ee, or kn ow their pl ace in th e w or ld s hi st ory an d lo <1 e: tllin g in m:wy ways most tha nk -' le ss a nd uni n, itin g hut in many ot hers Worth y of you r fond es t hope s, wa nn est a ffcct ion s u :-:e fu l elf ot·ts-y c: •, to n II • lh at the poet wh en he \\'rotc of mnn a nd the t·csul ts of lifi: l:d JO r, whe n he s ay :-::

" li e built a h .. u .. tintt· lai d it 111 tl u ::-t. li e wnott· a ho,k: it ... tit I,.· ... 1111\\' lnr gnt. lie ruled a cit). h ut hi -. i-. 1111t

On any tahk gr:l\'l'll, w h•·rT du -.t :O. l a_, gnthc:r fro111 oli::-u ,·. or ruarlolc ln rst.

li e t ook :r eh tl tl frn111 :r wr, tl'l te tl ('41 t

\\'h r, 0 11 the s tall' d i!'h 41 11t ., 111 ig h t han .: b ro ught

And rc:an·d hirn 111 the fn ith nn e! t ru s t.

Th l· lo ov tr1 rn:11 rh o1•d )..: 1'11\\' 11 l>lT tl l11 e :r light

To rna ;l\' !-Olli s, and (! ll':tdrc d ltll' hurnn n l ll'C cl

Th e wo;1d ro u!' lo v,· of th t: I l rn11 ipo lc11l.

The work ha s lllllhipl il·cl likl· !' t:lr :< Ill ni ght

\\' h en dar km:s>' deed

La ::-ts longer t han a gr·;rni t <' lllll lll llliC nt. "

Th trt w ill Ir e i11 l' \'l' ry :-:cl tiHll· roo rn \' !lll

m:l\· e1Hcr t h, :-:e who :-:,· li n ·s t·: •n Ill' fn sh-

io ued :tl·c ordi ng to Ll l l' d1 \'i lll' p:r tt l·r·n ol hi111 \\" ho :1:-: li C\'l 'l' 111 :111 sp:d ,,· n nrl in who rn yo ur vit'ltH:s rn:1y tlllllt i pli cd :1:-: th e lwr vtst i:-: lht six tv or um· h 1t rHln tl

fnlcl of th e :-: t<.: rl.

H•·mc: rn he1· :rs the ;\1 nn u: rl Sch no l :-: l;tncl s fo r pure : rncl go o cl hi gh - lr lind\cl anrl honor ,. hi<.: ; fot· so nnd :r nd ri ce ur:r te thor o ngh :o nd l'CJlll

an d for s kill w hi ch i :-: ami nppr·t·cinti vc , :-;( , yo u a :-: it :-: :i' nd ;1s <.: XJHHll'n ts of high ide als : 111rl h oly ns pit ntinn s mu st :-: ow the s ced s of lruth nn d l cl\ clin css , of hon ts ty :1 nd rig ht eo usne ss. of int cg t·ity : tnd manlin e :-:s or patien ce nn rl te m] K'I'nn ce, of hcHlc'r and abidin g ft·icnrl :-: hip . If yrHt ttn· SUL'l' C:-::-: f1tl in .\'l•llr <.:fli 1rt :-: to bu i ld JC ha ra c lcr of ma t cri als, to u se an o the r fi g ure. y ou wi ll lw vc worth 111 ort pn·cious and v: du e fa r g..-, :r tcr thnn ho11 !:lS a nd la nd s bond s and :-:toc k s. c;1pi tals nn d d ivirlc ll(l s. ra il not to che ri sh th e go od. to hope for th e b est to fo t· th 1.• r ig itt, to con fn nu to th e tntc to co n te nd fi lti honor, to h1rnkm: of l ife tn he hcl pful to ot hcrs.i tnrl to a hi ck in th e co n :idc ncc of the A lmi gh ty.

H av e so finn a fni th n nd sn e ou l·:tgL' I• n >' :1 rt t hat yo u ca 11 s;r , .': .. A It i tou g lr lh cli;.! tn·cs hn lln ot bl osso m ;,l·ith cn; lr:rll fnr it· loL• {n th e v in es; th <.: lah () 1• of th e o li n· fn il a nd th e shn ll yi <.: l cl nn th e tlo (' k

.. hnll ht• l..' lll nil It nlll t lnlcl. .11111 tht.•n.• h:tll h1.• nu find.; in -.tall-. Yt.•t I w ill njuicl· in thl· l. nnl. I will .i•'.Y in th nf my ··

rou will c.: :ll'l',\' with _\'0 11 th · """' of fril·ncl., t ·adll'l. :1 11d :--d1nol - 111 :t tl•:: 11 11cl yu u will J. fullnw\.·d l1y th "· pray"·r:- :t ml ., u.,tainl cl by th"· hi;,!h h• •pc:-< uf w ho hnn: '-OIIg h l. :1:- lw:- t 1..'11 11ld to gu ide

"'" ' llll't' t lifi.• 's jo urn ey

n nd l' \' ery ti me wit h liC\Y toke ns of lo,·ing kind n es s from Him wh ose ,·oirc sn id of .J t•$us: " Thi.; is my bcl o,·cd So n ." nn rl co mmanded -· he ar ,. e him

\'OU in thl· \\' :1y:- nf k llnwl •. and in the of life :111d JW: II..' l', nf ioy :t nd : tncl 1!>5

.\ nd mny :wd hi s n bund n nt fnvors :111d t• ,·cr incrcns i ng hk•ss in gs be with y ou nnd with :til until Wl' in th e nn d a b id i ug pl:l ce oft he i\l ost Hi gh: , "l.i li:'':; work wdl do n..: An d iu; cro wn well w on •: , . •

THE SOCIE TY OPEN SESSIONS. . .

Wellin g- ton i an.

Th l: pn1g ,·:1111 pn·:c n ted :t t. t. h ...· opl'n sc ::;. !- ion <1f th e \\ 'e lli11 gLn 11i : lll :-;cH:i t• ty w as one th nt n·ll n:t l·d gTe: ll ere cli t 0 11 th e p nn ic ipa n ts. dit 'l'Clt ll ' =-' :1 11d tiJ t..• SCH: it•t_y i t,: c( f. ' l'c nll." " "'. =' 1>1 T: 1111 (If Fair· \\' orn .._·ll :1 se lection th :t t lit e, ·a,·y lll l Ti t. wn s J't'll rkn·d. Th <.· 11111 <: :-: IT Jll' t..' !" t..'lll cd wor·k nnd th oug ht : tnd e :ln·f'ul pl : tn11in g. Th e pk·<t !" ing nnd h en ut if'ul :tnrl pn: s<: nl th e i1· : lp(ll'l' e ia tion h\'· h t..·n rt\' : 1ppl nu !"c . Th e dl'o rt !" p11 t f'o, ·th ,·cnd c·,. fi ne or Tellll.\' !-' 0 11 ',: :tp pl·Opl in tc l.\', is wo1· th y of l'O llll11 l' ll dation: w oy thv. the st :t ge of a no nn al sch oo l. . Th e snc ie til.'S enn :df n,;d to be ca n·f'ul ·to mak-e wise s l.·lection w hen they intc11cl to pr ese nt :ur ything, n nd be s ure th at it h as tone and di g1.11it y and so me chn rn eter·,· nnd b a!:i't of a lll11er stnmp ofan' :Cl.ll thor· who not co'm hin es t q u ·tl i hu t·•who • s t; 0 ,,;s the wo rkm ans hi p of. nl mnste'r,· · Ot her nu mb ers of the p1·ognun we.n -. gc)od. The f:.r·cc was su ccc!'.s full y J?l aye cl Th e ac tors rl id th ci 1· p <'lx ts so th n t th e au diencel nug hc d till th ey co uld 11' t laugh mo re. Th e fa ,·cl: \ VrtS of cou rsl· a fnr cc, b ut cye n a farce must have tone a nd dig nit )', ;:m el these wen: n ot l ac kin g. It wa s p.d"! i rn l)Jy s<:ll'c te d and we ll acte d. It was in o-oo rl b t aste. fr·ce fr om a ll se ntim en ta li ty, not a h it l ovcs i t..·k .

Philo mathean.

.'-1o twith s tandin g i't ,·er:ll li t(' r:lry prohnd pr eceded thl· P hil om at hcn n a lt ll'.!!l' n nd irn ec..· gree te d th e mem hers of soc ie t" on tiH.' en•ni ng o f.J 11 p_e to to th e.i r· open se,;s ion tor the year JS!H)-

HHl O.

Person ::; wh o hl t\' e to pr og-m ms 1·cn clt" recl b,· t hi s ,; oe ie ty in t im es past hR,-e co me to lo;ow t hn t it gives to the pu b li e • I' Tt 'l p1·ogr:u n" of n h igh lite ra ry q nn 1ty. mt·mb ers of th e soci ct)• df the pnst h a\'C ke pt rhl· hi gh as sho wn liy t ht..• p1·o c::r ram gi ve n. ·

Th e bcrs ::; how ccf ff gl-en t of • tn k·n ts ·c1d ti n ttcd it t!' th eir ·soc iety ,\•a,·k: vo r 11l ·mu sic a nd in stritll lent al mu sie o ri pi n no or stTin g iu s tr u mNits, o r:tl nr_v . o ri gin al fJro clu r ti ons in poet ry as we ll as pro se ,, I h JO • a nd last l:iu t n ot ldl'sf , , as sh ow n by th eir ·a pprt>c wt 10 11 o[

'J·'o t- cs whi eh ,, ns in ' 'h8 dO\\! " j" r rl 1Pi ctu r es . · · .,.. · '

All did we ll Th e s0eiety certa in ly h as l.'nn se to be pro ud of the two orators of the l.'vc nin g, Miss Fink and Mr. M und ay ln the n cn r fn t nre·\vhcu wo men sha ll have t he ri ght of s uffr age we should not be sur. p l'i s cd t'o h t•a 1· of co m peting for n place in ouc of the legisla ti ve b odies.

Wh en the pr·og ram was fi ni she cl n il fe ll

THE STATB NORMA L

that it was good to ha \'c been the re. nnd wished the Phi lom at he nns would g iv e h\'0 program s a year in stead of one .JI.

Everett.

The ma in feature of the pr ogra mme gh ·en by the Everett Society on the even in g of Jun e 2. w as a kind of fierce melo -drama entitled, "Dot, the Miner 's Daughter." It wa s po pular with the a udien ce , a nd the Nonnal Chapel, where it was rendc rc cl , wns very much cro wded in conseque nce

Much of the ac tin g was cxcc ll cn l, worth y ofthc hcsl most cnrcfully ch ose n play , H sp irit of p:1instnkin g JWepn r:ttion on the part of the Evere tt me mbers. Bel ow is the cas t of \Yith s nl -

CAST OF C II AR AC'rJ.: II S. Dot , the min er 's da ughter.. L ca h ;\l ark Davjd Ma son, a farmer ........ .... ... Pm nk :..'lnjors

ll crbcn

ju !l t from co l lt·gc : Frank l<tl\' fl l ;\! en d ow s, fo s tcr-1-o n nl - C lifton .. ...... .... ..... ........ ll: tl F.

Arthu r Fl o yd , a \·ill a in lll·nnt It :-;t o ne

George C lift ou , 11 rc tunwd C aliforn ia u ... .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. . ..... Anhur

Par :; on Swift a clcrg y ruun A. G. Luc:<dh·n

Bi ll Te rry, Floy d ' 11 confedcrn t el A h·ah

Brtuls l crs, a po li cen 11 111 I ·

Ehony, n co l(lred irr di \·icluni. Pa ul Bln nk ensl.t ip

l\ lr:; :O.lu so n. On\ id 's wife :\lube! S nuth

C li ft n n, C lift on' !' dc !<c rted wife, Uc nha Neff

Winni frcd Clifton, .\1 r !'. C li fto n 's dnughtcr ... .. . .. .... .. ... . ........... Sn id ce Ol ver llcp1.ibah, n I ndy of co lor Abra ms

Bl"id e's n lllirl. a nd gcntk·mcn.

Ti lll l' ,- Jll"e SC il I.

Acl l .. Sce ne 1.- Farrnc1· kitdt cn.

Act 11. , Scene 1,- Su rm:.

Scene 2,-Saml·.

Act Ill. , Sce ne 1, - Sarn c. Sce ne :! ,- P arlor in hon11 ·.

O ne yea r IJct wec rr act s 111 and n ·.

Act IV., S ce ne 1.- l' :u lm· in hn llll'.

TRAINING CLASSES.

SUPE RINTENDENT .WARNER'S address hefo re the Tmining Classes was a plain t ij. lk , fu ll of co mm on sense. It was so clear that it cou ld be g rasped nt a nd so we ll arranged a nd for c:b le th at i ts lesso ns co uld be ca rried away co mpl ete. He laid as much emphasis on sk ill cts on a lm ost any thing el se and pointed to the shams we tolera te not alo ne in teachers , in tinn e rs , ca rpenter s, etc. He dwel t oa.rnestly · on character a nd left n oble ,\-u rds ringing in ou r ears . T.) hi s remMks on character a nd ski ll he a dded ot her s on and lll•nlth llpon corner he built up o,ne of t he mo st helpful nnd u plifti 11 g talk s thnt h as hel' ll hc•ctnl t hi s eomm cnccmc·nt se ason. His p h: fl for hl·tter rslli r found hen rty :rm ong tho:-:t· v.-h n an· not wi ll iug to sec th eir c hildren at the feet of p eople who h ave no perspective. nncl do not gr as p their subject in its hroarl et· outline s, n nd wh ose me nt al hori zo n. al as, is to o bo unded by th e covers of so me 11n lf dozen text-h oo ks.

What a child need s i s, not so much help .to kn ow whctt the right i s, as he lp to do it, especia ll y when ci rc umstan ces tolnpt to the nppns ite .-C:.lderwoorl.

CLASS DAY.

the of the.· l_ifth of &-n i or"' n·nch:n·d thc.·tr play.

• Fixc.•d: • Th e.· n pen i ng ..,lTnl· :t

C'OU nlry with :\1 r :\l :txc.·y ,.r. By the c.-J,sc.· of tlu: thl· (dt nn clottht th:tt :\1 ,-. \l axl.·y wuuld hen c),,-irl ccl in the.· :-:c.-l t nol - nH HII. Iii :: di!'C iplin c w:t:-: l• l he in !! pile.- of the.· f:tc.·t th:tt he ngn inst a ll modcn1 t ltet ho tl :-:.

The hcr·o inc.· of the pl:•y w:t,.; Edith Fnlln begi nnin g to c.• nd ,.;he nctl•d hc rpnr·t ex1.:t: llently l11 th l· ,.;ee nc

M: nling the ,.;c h no l :-: he lll : tdc.· a ,·ct·y II WCcl a nd pn tt y I itt k ,.;c.· h no I gir·l. : ttl nH.:ting n il the h oy :-: a nd tlt c n1 to r ccc i\·c numt•rou:-: p tt ni :-: hrw..·tll,.; of t heir devol ion to hc.T Tc.•n yc: tt·,.; l:t tc.' l". n s tudc• nt at t it <: :--.lon nnl. ,.; h e.· had dcn·l o pc.•cl into the h c.·nu tifu l :t tHI ch: t• ·niin g youn c-r wom<t n that het· ehi ld - hn o rl pr on ti!<cd. )[css t·s. At·th ttt· .J am es :tnd \ Vm. BtH.: h ntta n were t i,·als for .h cr· :tf1L-ct ion :-: jn :-: t ns they had been <ts bny:-: lt·n _ven t·:-: Mt·. J rt.mes ce i'L ainly w n:-: l ovc.• r. Miss Ju li a PittHm tool< th e pat·t of nn eA'usi vc vo un g la dy and she co uld n ot hn v c.· been Mcsst·s. B. l\11. Sto ne a nd \Vm.

S huma n were In wyers in the trinl cene, whl'n r. Jnme::: w as tried lor d:unngc tltl' property of He inrich Schuster. which pnrt Penrl , teye n so n abl y Barrick . presidcn t nf th e dns,_;, :tt'ted m: t ju<igl·.

The piny t·eprcscn tcd quite ,.i,·idly .rem:!' t hnt hnYe tnkcn pin •c bl'twecn the cnin r and Ju n ior du ri ng the past ycnr. It closed wi th t ht• repres cntntion of the union of the two cln sses, during which hlinni e Key nnrl J ts::ic Ht ' tmi g :::111):! :1 duet

fktwc en the fin:t nnd seco nd scenes :1 qu nrtett(' of Juni or boys stmg, an d, ns nn en co r e. ga ve :t sel ect ion which cnuserl a d ea l of fun in the nuciicncc m the cxpc11 SI.' of the t•niors. Howl'\Tr Stone. w hil e ma kin g a speec h in the bn nqu et st·cne of the p!a y, ret urn ed the comp lim ent a11rl bmught the lnngh up on the Junior h ovs.

·i·hc entire piny was n succe!;S a nd w as fu ll y nppreeinted by the a udi e nce. Those w ri ti11a th e plnv n:: we ll ns ac tin g it b nnd th ose writin g the song sho ul d be con · grntu lated.

KINDERGARTEN COMMENCEMENT.

THE second annu nl Kindergnr·len Co mm encement was held Jun e 5, at 10 r1. m.

The cla ss cons is ted of three member s, Eugcna Cn t·son. Oma h a, Lenn Smit h, Friend, and Est her TctT_Y, Si l vc· r· Cree l< ,

The tnstcful deeor n tions co n sisted of co pies of good pictLII-eS fn>m some of the o ld m aste r·s, dAinty drnpin gs of white n nd ye ll ow r·ibbon s (c la ss co lor s) , fer·n s a nd fie ld dais it·s in a hun dance. Th e motto fr om Sc hill r. ·nccp m eani ng

oft li es hid in childi sh pi ny," wns very np· proprinte for this occasio n, vo icing the se ntiments of the kinrl erga rt en n nd meeting the h l'arty appro,·nl of the speaker of the dny, Ho n. He nry Des Moin es, Iowa.

The open erl wi th a piano duet, Scherzo. by Mi sses Sander and Davis. After prayer by Rev. T. D. Goldsmith, Mr s. E. A. Whitenack r ende red thr beaut iful so lo, ';Jerusa lem." Han. Henry Sabin gave n fine addres s, taki ng for h is subject the K ind er garte n. He first spo lc e of t he

principles up on which il is l!a sc d, sh ow in g them to he th e foundation p rin c ip les of all eduealinn. He tmced it s de,·clo pm cnt from th e: so urce to th e pre s ent cl ay, pay in g a high tribute to i Lc; fo und er s; l 'c s la lou.i n nd Proebe l. li e free in what he regnnlccl in to w hi ch :tn y plwsc of eclu cati on mig ht h c:c: ome l· ntr: tp · pcd ; sighted so tn e nf th e: dan ge r po in ts in the new c hild sludv moveme nt. He clearly detinc:d the qu a li fi c ati ons of a good teacher a nd dwell upon th e fot· mm·e more nct u:d rl oin g,

rn on: or igiu :d in\ l' "ti;.::ttt• '" : tnd t lt iu kin)! on th t· p :tn of tltl· pttpiJ.., l'tllp lt :, ... iznl th l• in tlw dl ,·dnpnwnt r JH>Wl' r nve t·

the aequiretlll'tll of f:tl·t-. "l'''" "d hand.

Ftlll owi ng t hi .., '- ti rring : td d n·-.-. . th e: g r:lll · u: tt e .., ;, ..,.., i tl cl b_, thl· fir -.t .n·:t r J.;:i tHh:rgn rU·n g:l\'l' a t' yl. h: of so ng. \I : 111 ,. of th e \\'l'IT th O'- l' tlt l'_\' \\'l'l'l' :t l'\.' II St lllll · l' cl to s in g with tl tt· li tt k c hi ld n·n in th l' \!o dd t.;: ind L-r g an e tt

The dipl n 111:t s \\' l' l'l' t lt l· fn llowin g at th l· n·gul : 11· •·n mnt l' ll l' l' lll l.' ll : l' X·

THE ALUMNI ASSOOA TION

AGOODLY number of the c hildrl·n were ha ck lo ,·isit Almn :vlaler. of them from the recent A nd th oug h the te ntin g-out plrtn had to he aha n iJ o ncd, pleasant b oa rdin g -p la c es we rl' provided for ni l. Many came ea rl y nn rl thus e nj oyed ne a rl y th e wh ole of C ommen ceme nt Week. It wn s impo ss ib le to obtain a complete list of the me mber s of the vm-ious clas se s; su no ne is appcmh·d . Th e annual add re ss was deli ,·crcd hy Rev . Henr.Y Men k e, clas s of'90 , n ow pnstor of the Congreg a tionnl c hu rc h nt Grnndin, Mi ss o uri. Hi s the me was " The l cl t' al a nd the Act ual as Facto1·s in Sc lf-Rc: tli zntinn " Th e adn r es s \\' as schola rl y. extre mely we ll exp ressed , and helpful. It wa s in eve ry way worthy of the No rm al Sc h oo l an.d its A lumni

Th e us ual collat ion wa s ser ved in the d inin g-hall at Mt. Ver non a ncl over a hundred were fnrtuna tc e nough to he Pres id ent E lli s Good :tppo intcd J. F. ll os ic, class of '91, to act as to ast-m ast er and the fo ll o win g s en t im en ts we re pr o po s ed :111 cl r cs ponc'l cd t o:-

l kfo re T:ddng , . .... . ..... ...... . ..... . lltli :t l'ill:lllt, ' (H )

Aftl·r Tal<i ng .J .. s t·p h (;illilan. '\):?

Th e Ideal Sc hon ( Ci yr k Fill e y. '\HI Any O ld Thin g \I ill ion Clnry. '7!)

The Pro\·ine t· of lht· Scho <> l. ( lr . J. :\. l knt ti.: l<acc l' el' ulia ri ti l·s. ...... . .... .... .... ,\d :t <; i h:<<>n. ' !)\I Ex pan s io HI, Fred E \I O ITO\\', '!HI That Ti r .: d F cc lin g, \li ss :\ nn e lrt),.;h.:n

The annn: tl IJtt s in cs s meetin g passed off \\'ith eVl' ll lllOr C titan lhl• USII :tl g ri st of fu n ancl rep :11·ll'l' . O nl y nHt ti ne husim:ss . ho wcvel·, was The (: )cc ti, ,n of offic e rs 1·es ttlt e cl :ts follows: pt 'l's icl ent, Jo hn \Vint crs, class of '77 no \\' n l'C sidcnt of I L illl·oln; vict··p n·s idcnts . Judgl' J. class of'H l, 1' R. S imm s. cbtss of a nd J enn ie 13o J·st. cla ss of 'HK; SClTC: I :try. Burhara .vi :tj()rs. nf '!H l; lt'l'Hs u nT, Ada Gi bs o n. d ass of '9\). The old commiltl'l' on Jcgisl : tt ion wns di sc h: tt·g ccl n nd a new one will I ll· n pp o intcd hy till' pt'l'scn l l'Xl'l' · Tlt c n ew otfil'crs f orm a str·ong l'n t·ps an ti tin· :tss oci:1tion lll :ty l 'llll · licl cnt ly l oo k fol t· wnnl to :1 yl' :l t' of :t d i\·i ty n nd a most l' llj oyahlc t'l'·llllinn :1t C ontmence mcnt t illll' Junl' 1 !10 I.

COMMENCEMENT DAY.

TilE ·hi ·f int<.·n·-.t <Ill

(lay ahv:ty cc.. llt<.·t·-. i11 llu: in the SJX':tkct· :t ttd hi aclcln:-.-. : tml in tlw pn.·-

o,entntirlll ur'thc clipl•t ttt :t-.. .\ ft<.T th < ..' \1:-'tl:tl <>Jl<.'tlitt 1.!. l' n·:-i cknt l k:ulk <.tf the: State x nn:d ,,r n:tklltn . :tl w:c-. in t t' <Hhll: ccl :1:-; till' :-:pc..•: tkcr ,,r the cl:ty n with :1 n·li.·n·n,: c..• to the nt<ltlo of the ·l: a-. ,..: lnclllt : l<k : llt : Hidn·:-::-:

wor thy uf tile l hctll<.' tlt · t he au dic 11 t:c :11ul ti t<.: tll .' lll. .\ l nf the :ul clt 't: ss ti ll · l 'rt·:o: i ckllt nf the..· llo:t rcl nf Educ:t ti• J n, ll <>t l. ll ll. :\l : ll'lilld: lk.pt·t::-:c..• nt,.,I d i pi ( li lt :I s l Cl t It ... I It ........ ." ll llll g I :I d i l' :-: \\' h () ha d C11 111)1kt <'d 1 he (, inrlcl·g: ll·tcn cntii' :O:<.' to t he l\\' l..' ll ty - six who h: 1d t:ll tllpil' tc..·cl th1..· Cll ut·sc :111cl the till · \\' ho lwd c omp lc·tcd :1 c..· cont· :-:c ••11tli1H: rl f'n t· gr : tduntc <; tucl< nt s.

li on \ V. ({. J :1 ck :-:o 11 , nf th e: Bo nrd or (l l'l'Sl'll lc:d th e..• Lift'

l l'S \\'lticlt h c:c..• JI g:ntlltCd .

Titu s th e..· d: ay \\' hi ch hnd h c..·c..• n loob·d fot·, : tncl fot· \\'ltcos e c..·••tnin g m:t ny had hccn laid. cl ose d n ncl the:.: m embcn; of the th ree gn tdu:tti ng cl asses \Yet·c..· se nt o ut w ith the of the State Nn n na l Sc h oo l r es tin g tt pon them. ,),1.

th(• hc:.:nc:.:cli c ti on a hnu t to he pl·onou nc c..·d lVI 1'. B. iVI. Stone of t he Se ni or C lrt _s!' Hncl spoke <tS f'o. ln \\' s:

On BEATT I E: Fo1· the pnst fo ur ycnn; t hi s institution h ns h ec n UtHkr yout· dit·cctio n; during th ::tt ti me it pt'OSJJL•t·erl; it s nttendanc:e h ::ts in c:.:t·eascd n nd i ts influ(·nt·c hns been br o::tde n ecl. Dur·in g that p er io d yo u ha vt· c ndeat·cd ,v<>tlt'sclf to tts hy th e in te r est yo u h: l\·c cve t· mn niicstl' d in nur hchn lf. VI/ c. :1s of the in st itution, cksin· to sh ow n ut· npp t-cciation f'< >t· lnl H ll ' h l' t'C. \Vit·h a clt:ep sense of you1· Ya lu a hle sc t·,·ic<'S the mcm hen; of thi s in stit uti on ha ,.c r cqn c stcd me in th e ir name , a nd in the

lHttll t.' uf the Stntc Normn l School of Nehnt::k:\ , to pr"-sent to you th is w atc h and chni n. n:: n tc>kc..·n of o ur a dmi ration ;m d for you, nn rl of o ur grntit nrl c for \'Our in o ur hdtn lf. Let it c\·er remind yn u. as you coll!mlt it fr om tim e to tillll', of th e int e rests here O\'C r \\'liich you hu , sn lo ng- wn u: hcrl n nrl '"hich you hn \ 'C so ahl y :\ ::i t:-: face lJL-co mc..•s mor cn nd more f.<tm iliar to yo u. o ur fac es m ay fnd e grad un lly ti ·om ynur memo ry: b ut per mi t us to exthe h ope th at in it::: oft r ec u rri ng u sc tltc..•rc..• :::ha ll be t-ecn ll cd o ur n pprcc iation of \' Out· w or k and wo rth, a nd that thi s in i t:-: prec ision a nd rel ia bilit y, n nd in ils t:'l it hfi tl !'e n·icc, m ay exp r ess in so me mc..·nsun• o ur hi gh esteem for yo u. \\ it hin I ,·end these upon i ts cnse:

·•Pn: se n tcd to Or. J. A. Beattie hy the stud'-·nl s nnd t..:nc her s of the Sta.tc .\ o rm nl cho nl. Jun e 6, 1900.

Life Diplom ns were g runted. June 6, 1 900 to

A nu a E. Ca non,' A ure lia Cnw g k. May Watk in s. Fmnk P. MEij ors, Libb ic He nr y, O liv eS. Hnrnwu. Lillian S mi th, C. C. Da nfort h, Mr s. 0. H. He nnl c, Gr ace Wi ll , Bc t·tha Jo hn ston, Kat e M. S mi th. Bernice Wort . Effie Cossel, Ro bert Campbell. Helen Spen ce t·, Ma ud Hnrm ::ut.

. .Juli a Pi t tam, Cora B. Hill, l\l[ ar\' Steutevillc , Luelia Woric k, Cla ra Dean , Alic e Yo rk. jt:ss ic Hennig, Ma ry McG rew, J essie R. Coons. Cha s. L. Coo ns. Sa die Ransom. Agnes Watt. Bell e Pa rkh urst, A. Lam o nt Chase , Vera Barde n, Ocll n Borst ,

On the fi'rst pn ge of t hi s i ssue will be fn 11nd the n ames of the grad u ating cl ass in tl:c fwmc orrl cr that the faces occ ur in the pi ct ure flbovc. Tho se ttn acquai ntcd with· the members of the cla ss can t hu s readil y distinguish th em

THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL MESSENGER·& " " "

A MaJilzlne de voted to the lntert1! tS of the Sta le No rmal School of Nchrns kn.

Pu b lish ed hy the F nc11lty ( Ill the fifi.ecnt h ''' the nu,ni.h.

J. A. BEATTIE, Editor.

J. D. B ishop, Business Manage r.

J;ut c rct/ nt tile nt l'c ru n .< .... £•C ntld (' /n ss null/ 11111 t tcr.

Term s, 50 ce nts u yea r.

Thi s numb er of The :VI essengt r d11ses :tn ot her sc h oo l yt:a t· a nd with the d ose of the s um me t· sc ho ol ends an ot hl·r ,a dmini stra t iv e pe ri od. Th e comrm:lll'l' lllC'nt exe rexcrc ise n nd nddre sscs we t·e n il t hat an y one ought to a sl: It is not often tha t th e sn mc occasion and at·e favo n:d with so ab!c and earn est fr om three so ca pable a nd worth y men S upt . A. B. Wam cr of Mi sso ur·i I owa. Hon . Henry Sa bin, Des Mo in es I owa . a nd I'rcs icl c nt W. H. H. Bead le of the S tale

Sc h ool of Ma di so n, Dak o ta Each address wa s calm, e: trn est, th oughtfu l, full of pur pose , sou ncl .in tenc hing, adapted to the o cc as ion a nd worthy of the m an who made it So far as the writ er know s the Bo a rd ofEclu cat io n, the fa cu lt y. the st ud e nt s a nd th e friend s a nd ci tiz ens wh o we t·e prese nt were well pleased.

Th e short address of Mr. B. M. Stone fo und in ano th er col umn of this i ss ue was wo rth y of the sp eaker n nd of the fa cu lt y a nd student s he re prc sc n te d.

Th e w ri te r of the se lin es to whom the address was di r ecte d and to whom the token of favor a nd app r ec i ntion was prese n te d coul d not br in g him se lf to the place where a fitting r ep ly wa s p ossi ble. Nor ca n he now find words to express that ''v hi ch he

to ht· du e th l· : tl• k l': ttll n· t. :tnd , ., illin;.:mcn :tttd \\'fllll l' ll wh 11 111 :tln· up thl· fa c ult y : tnd th e hi gh mi nd l·d : tnd lo y :tl ltc:trtc<l s tuden t hwl \' . 11(> \\'l' \' l'l' 111 :1 11\' d:l\ :; 111 :1 \' -

come anrl ye:t l"· m ay go and \\'h: tt cn:r m:1y he the c in: unt «t: tlll'l'" and tlt t· mil<: s of sc p:tr:tt iclll not (J il t' ol : til tht· tll tnth et · :; hall ht' ft•rgotlc tt. F:t n:-.. which : tt 'l' f'a mili : tr s hall p eo pl e thl· h:tJJ .., of llll'I110J'_\' :tnd \'oicl':; Lon f:tr nw :t y tn J,e ltt :trd in f:tn yet he IJl·nrrl :t s th l· p:l up :t nd li\·cs:t;.:-:tin in tltt· pn ·H·nt. T hu s. : tl t lt nngh f: tr dis tant in s p:t n: : tnd long in t ime , wt· sh: tll he togt·t lt er g uid ed hy the hand su ppli l·d from t hl' s :ttl1l' fo unt: tin. gu; tn lccl hy the s :tJ JH' Jo, ing t·:tn:. ins pirecJI,y thl· sa me hope and pt·ospect :t nd ca ll ed l·y th e sn me I>i\'in e F at lt ct· to t ht· ha \'en of e tcrn : tl joy n nd pc:H·e . .:).

of Sympathy.

W, fl mE.\S Ou t· ft il nd nnd C ht·is tinn sister . I ulu M. King , lws been take n ft·nm 11 s by de ath an d

W t! EH EA s. She wns, hy \'i t·tuc of her f: tilh in thl· sav in g powct· of OU T' Lonl jesus C hri st. an act i ve mcmhct· nncl sccrct:try of the Young Women'!" C hri !" tian A'!'.s ol·iation, <tncl

Wl !E HE \S , I let· up t·ight li fe :111cl be aut iful C ht ·islin n ch: tr nctc t· h ave at a ll t im es a nd uncltr n•l ci t-cttmstantes sc n ·cd ns an i11 Spiration to her sister wor ker s, the refore be it

Resolved: Thn t in hc1· death we h ave sM, fC't ·cd a l oss to w hi ch we are reconci led o nly by out· belief thn t an a ll -w i se G· c1 d oct h a ll t hin gs we ll n ncl by a life so s in gu la rl y pure an d c ha s te as to insure het· an abundant entran ce into t he kin gd om of H eaven.

Rcs ohrcr/: That we find sp ecial cottso l ntion in het·most exc mpl nt·y Chr is ti an c harac ter w hi ch s hou ld ever S lT\'C to poi nt out the beautie s uf :1 C lu·is t-l i ke life to nil

yo ung women .

Rc so l\ ed: Th nt we tC'n dct· out· sy mp a thy and con dol ence to the falllil_v in thi s t im l' of so n-o"v and afflict ion, ,-ea li z in g that n

wir,_. a ncl tl ndc..·t· d:1uglnc..·r lu\'o hl'\!'ll t.'lkl" O rrom that hn t1 H' -.t) dl"llr tO her and UJ the m.

l<c.<;o /n:d. Th: tl tlt c..· n..T or ding of th i ., ot·g:t niz: ttin u h,· i n:- t rul tt·d prea cl 11 pnn th e..· lll i nutc..·:' (Jf thi -. 11 c.·n py for· pu blication in Th e..· a ncl a I..'O py to the hc n ::t \' c..·cl famil\' .

.:\_1.\ TT IE C. CJ. ,\H .\ .\. l lt ·.. L t'l.:\" .. I Com . AL ICE

W 111m It h:t!' h cl.' ll the wi ll of o ur Heaven ly Fa th l.' t· to <:: til ft ·o nt ho me th e fat h c..T of o 11t· F. L.

Cr ow le y, thcn·f1HC bl.' it

Rc so h ·cd: That ·w l.' , the mc..· mh c r·ti of the Juni or Cl ass of the St: tt c Kn nnnl ch oo l tu him n ut · h ea rtfelt sympat hy ht s bcr c<tvc mc nt , and iu \·o kc the hlcss in• r nfG orl up on him in hi s and be further

R cso h ·crl: Thn t :1 co py of th (·sc rc so lttli ons he sen t to cHtl' hl.' t't.•avcd c la ss m ntt• a nd th at they be pu hli s hc..·d in The gc r. H ATT IE J. FI NK, } M. \ VADOIE I.L Co m.

\Vn ER EA R, It h as b ee n the plea s ure of o ur He a vc nl y Fa thcr to rem ov e fr om hi s en •· thly hom e, lVlt·. Cn>w ky. fat her of o ur hrothcr, F. L. CnHv l cy, th cre fot·c be it

Rcsoh ·c d: That we, mc mb e1·s of the Young Me n' s C h•·ist ian Associat ion of the Sta te Normal Sc h oo l, extend to Brot h e•· F.' .L Cro_w l cy o ur h c:utfdt sy mpathy fo 1• htm m h1 s be rea ve ment, and in vo ke the bl essing of Go d np on him in hi s so now. And be it further

Re sol ved: Th .:1t a <.:opy of 1:hcsc r eso lution s be se nt to o ur bt·othe r, n nd al so th at cop i es be spren cl upon the 1·eeords of th is As s ociat io n, a ncl inserted in the co lumn s of The Messenger.

N. A. BENGTSON, ) J. Vf· MILLEn, >Com. J. c. n11 I.u:-\ J

] unior Reso lu tions.

lnn ::: mu ·h ns we. the members of the J uni or ln g of t ht• tate Nor mal Sc hoo l, hn \'t' :" pe nt :l mo gt lJiens:tllt yea r of wo rk n ntl hn ,·c our wo rk un · dcr P nl r. J. S. Shdrlon thc.•refo re he it

Tlw t we tender him our hc:t t·t-k-h thnnk:" for the ).!n·nt intc.·rc:o l lw hns sho wn in our instruct ion n nrl th :tt when ot hers tnke o ur plm·es nt th e tn hk s tn in q ui re int o the w onders of n nt urc w.:ho pe th nt othe r tendu.' r:> shn ll l)e ns patient with tht•it· as he hn s been with u r:::.

:\lay he li,·e to st'C the dny when Sc hi znphy ccnc shn ll h nve c,·olv cd int o n lu scio us fruit , :llld the Hcti,·e little n nimals in o. 6 sha ll in st ea d of fe eding on man, become hi s tood: nnd be it also

R eso l ved: Th at we, wh en the r ocks in lh e ledges at Peru sha ll hn ve b een we n thct·ed awAy a nd ha ve g one to form ri ppl e_ mn rk s on the be ach of the grea t ocean nl time . ca ll up plenl'n nt mem ories ()f the ge·. 'J l ogizi ng expccl ition :: nt the · cx Jx·nsc.· ol the stat e' (? ) nnd :tgu in thank Prof. J. L. S. for t lw spo rt we then hnd . .

We hope th e rut crop mny nc\·er f:ul 111 Per. u so that fuwr e Junior;; wi ll hav e th e pi<'asure of ·•bi sec ti.ng'' membe rs of thil' spec ie!'; and he it furth er

Rcs ol "ed: That when•ver he nwy be in the futu•·e. hr be to kee p hi s lub ornto rv window ssec urely locked on tho se ni tr ht s the sta rs fa ll. Rea li zft 1rr th at o nr loss wi ll he ot hers' ga in , we c7lll sign oursc h·cs in to the of fat e and him s ucce ss whrre ,·t:r Iu s lot m ay becnst. S. E. Hu MPAHEV S, Prt:s. Lu ev Learnin g. Sec F.J. M und ay, Trc:ns. Edith Carpenter , 0. M. Wndd e ll, W. A. Dobso n, Nell Cole, W. T. Steve n so n. C. H. Rntdilfe, J. W. Miller . i\ lilli cc nt Slaby, E. E. L oc ker, Cec ile N. Ly o n, Min ni e Ostenberg , H nttie]. Pink; Winni e E. Be ll , Jess ie Maho n ey, Gmce M. Jo hn s on , May Metc alf, Dai sy K un ke l, Doll y S hr auger, J ess ie VHnCam p. Ed na M itt on, Clnrn Pense, A. E. Hild ebrand J. Jo hn so n. Ann n McKercher: Vtnn Lttlu S human

9/ormal Scho ol 'lJ/re c tory.

Dlr\! ct orv. E\' Ell ET'r \1 l

Nell Cn lc , /-'res id e nt

A. Lu cschcn \'i cc

Ed i th Carpcntcr l<cc:onli ng Sec r etary

Art hur J amcs Corrc spo nding Sc crcla ry

B. M. S ton c Trcas urc:r ! J••\/

F. P ..VI aj ors

\Vm.J ame s Lilu·arian

C. W. Smith .' l' n :s id cnl

J. 0. Brady : \' icc Pr·csid cn

i attie Barnes Co n·c:s ponrl i ng Hannah P ri ce Tn.: as rr rcr \ \' 111. .VI etca lf

J. ll Brad y \'ice l'n.:s idc:nt J. C. !Jiii•IIJ. Secrc:tn ry E. \\' I.own Tr en,.; u rcr· ="· A. Cor Tc·,.. p• Se..:n: tnry

irkn t

S· "n

l'r es id cn t F cn l C n• wl cy \'ie l' l 'n.:s irlc nt E. F. n·ly Sccrctnry Y. \\'. C. A. \\' nr. Sln 11 n an Tr·cnsm·c·r

Luey LeamirJ g l,' n ·sid cnt AT II E.'( I.\ :X.

J<u th Ha ni s \' icc l'rcs icknt :-\cl li c ll orn l' r c:-; idc:nt :O. I abe l Bridge s , l<cco n.li.ng Scc r·ctar·y E \·a A ll i:< on \'i cc l'n:s ick nt E ll en P hill ip s ,. Ct Jr r t·S JHl n ding Scc r cta r·y j essie Stebbi ns Tn:asu r·c r

1\:J rlll <d Sec: r·ct:t ry r\ l:1 :-\,v il le C ritic

normal School Tacu uv .

J. A. BEATTIE \ \1., I.L. D. , Prcs it!c nL, E<l uc: 1ti on an <l l'c rkrg ogy

L II.LJA:o; lJ. STn:o;EJ<, ! 'rcce pt ress .f I. S JJEI. II IJ:o;, 11. s :-l ntural ll isto r·y

H Efl OEI!'r Bno\\':o; E t.J., 11 s., Ph ys ie :1 I Sc ience

E. A. \VJ IITJ.:: :"ACK. A. ll., Gc nnan F. Ho si e, En gl ish La n g-ua ge and Li tcr·atu•·e

MATTIE CoO K EL J.I 3, . :tnd Ge og rap hy

J. M. H O\\' JE , A. 11 ., .\1 at hem a.t it: s

· ESTHEfl A. C l. ARK, A. Lati n La ng u a!!t: anJ L ite r·atun:

A:o;l'E i\1 Gos HE :>:, : S upcri n tcntk nt nfTrainill.t! Departme nt

L. \V. F IK E, A. l' syehnl o.t!y and Peda g ogy :\ 1.\RA L. Ar ilhrnf.'li e :1 nd Al ge bnt

GE ORGE N. 1-' 0WJ'EJI, A. B. , Eng lish Ln a 11d l.i t <Ta l H! 'e

PEARL S. KELL EY , Prima ry and Cr·itic T cac h cr

LOUI SE \V. MEAfi S, ln tcp nc dint c a JHl Cri tic T eac hcr·

L ou E. Ho s:wE n, .' Kindcrg ar·te n nnd Cr·itk T cnc!H: r·

OC EA::-1 DA JLY, l<eading and Ef,,c ution

HE:o;nv H. DA GG, A. n .,. : , J)rn\\' ing :t 11 d Pai n ting

U t.A M. SAK il lm s, ...... ................

.................. ...... . \',>ca l .\ lnsiC'

:\1.. D A\'IS, In stnrm en ta l :\l usk

ELVA E. R\:!.0:-<, ........ ............

l ,i hn rr·in n

SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS.

Cn nrflt cf<' t/ In / \1

\I< I f ll Ill.'

7. t\ Ill :t tl t \\ 1 • h1 ,, , .,_ ,,. ,. t It ,· >-:111\l. ' pricl.'. On one lu: ga in ed , 1 >II tlu.: 1 >1 It ,.,. h -.· ln,; t :.?:) 1 , ll is wh ole \\' 11 -. ::; :111 \Y h.tt w:1:- th · ,;d lin.t.!' price?

I. So lut ion l"· ll ,·len :\ 1. \\ ' hippk. pt·incip rd of s l.'it!lob. l' ni nn: l ..! o lt,Tt zu,•n:hl·r.

Yuc tnn. :111d : ll :t 1-: :t l'l

Let 1 (HJ ', :: pt·in· nf each. =se llin g p• ·i,. ,_. r lu ,lh. n rc o :< l n rtit' >' l. 100'? r cn:<l uJ li t·,-1.

t OO /¥= ,,-, ,, .,,. '-' ""t .. r ,.,.,.1,.1<1.

IOCJ -t-. 7.-> =l:{:l•;a·r. <'t>>' l nf :<el.'l >lld HO :1:11 1; , '•, = :d I : 11 a', t'<>>' l or hnt h. :11,-';, - :! UU ', =I :P a , . t h ,· 1,, ,_,__

l:·na'" = B:! <l. l<HI ', -= $ :.! tl +. l :l •a ., ,. $1.-.n. th e st· llin g 111 ·i -.· r ,. a,·h.

II. So l utinn It \' Lll l 'l'clin Alk•u, Ccda 1·

S in ce he ,; old th l' two hnJ'"'L'"' t( )J· th e s a111e pri ce, gni ning on onl.· and 0 11 the othc1·, hi s en t in· In ,;,; of o 1 ·

I Ii ,- e nt in· lm; ,; "'" "' $:! 0. ·. = $:!0.

1 ()() = $B:d 0, th <: l.'n,;t or hot h hor,;c•:< ·. s ellin g pri_c ..: or both. '/ :, nf $: HI0 =$1 .-,o thl' s eiling p•·icl' o fca ..: h.

I I I. Sn lulinn hy I' C. C ulkn 1w incip:tl of sc hool s, SHk m.

t)1 cn th ..: pt·icc nfon e cos t ot· cos t is 1, se llin g p1 ·icc . Likewi se :\ se llin g pd cc is co st or nth c t'. co,; t or holh. pl·icc or hoth n-'1\l= of se llin g pt·icc of onc= $20. ot· se ll ing p1·icc of cnch.

G. by F. l\11. Pt·ics t, in Amt 1·ii..:an Nl nt h cmnlic nl iVInn t hly

A Quak c1· OIICC, \\'C tt tl clC J'Stand, For hi s t h•·cc so ns la id ofT hi s la nd, And mad e th reP c qu :d c: iccL: ,.: llt C, ·t,

to bmtn d 111 act--.· ncnt

:-\ uw in th t· c nter of th t· ncn· \\' n:; ti mnd the of th.: Quaker; ln ccnlen< nf th e ci r..:le;; ron nel .\ clw clling ti •r each ;;nn ,, ·ns fn nn cl.

:-\ow cnu ,·on td l hy :;ki ll or n rl ll nw uuu;_,. rt )(i;; they li,·ed n pn rt ? by tdln Earl. Tn lmngc.

At fir st su ppose the radiu s to be one rod. Then area o fTX.:'IZ = r. fP+ 6, or .fi236 sq. rd. A•·en of 6 T:\:7. =.-t.:n sq. rd . (from rule: when three s ide s ar l' g-i ,·en) .. 5236 s q. rd.-.-t.::!3 sq . rd. =.OHO!i ,.:q. rd., nrca of seg ment X:ZN. .433 sq. r d. - (.OHlHi ,.:q. sq. rd or'XNZK L\ t. or nuu =rl·lation nf XNZK\':\ 1 tn X\'Z. • "" 1 : " '" ·\'\I tn he I Now co ns id er the nrca nf X Nl K 1 I ·rc+ "" " -2 t nc r cs nr 42!l. 7i (l ncrc. : c ''''" - · - d 429.776sq. rds. sq. r s., u l XG=25 7R.65G sq. r rl s. , nren o f6 ,_). s or " 4.?g set. rd s.- 160

rd s. ,=26 9.776 eoo n. - • s q. r ds., area of 3 seg men ts as XZN. 269.776 s q. rd;;. X2= 539.552 sq. rd s. , area of 6 segments ns XZN. 2578.656 rq rd s.+539.552 sq. rd s. =3 11 < .208 sq. r cls., urea of circ le T. v ::n 1S .:.W8 + 7T= :31.5048 r ds., len gth of rad iu s. md sX 2= 63.0 096 rod s, lengt h of din nJetcr, nl:o TH, w hich represe nts the distA. n ce thl· s ons li ve fn) lll each ot he r. In co 11 s i d cri ng 6 AT Z, v :;; li-;;3-:.

=G<J 5G7n rod s, re prcsc 11 tcd by AZ.

•1·2 !1 .776 sq. rd s.

:l(J4. THE STATE CJI< MA L SC II OO L

ar ea of recta ngle \VZ IIT '. i> 7: s. o:s4 G% !l(j. rd 11 •

+:·n .5 048=1 8. 1 888 ro ds, n: prcKe nted lH· \\"%.

54.3 Cl 7H r ods-1 8. 1 HSR rodK =:IG. :I7!) 1. mrls, rcprcscntctl by A W, th e di stan ce the fat her lives from eac h so n.

fi. Propo sed by H. A. Anders on , El l>:t

("t 2ii+n ,l x+f2 5-5,lx_:i. Find x.

I. So l uti on by Hch:n M. Wh i pp le :tnd P. C. Cu ll en.

By transp osi ng, f (25+5tfx)=5-iJ' (25-Gtl x)

Cu b in g eac h mem be r,

25+5 ,!x=125 -7 5 (Y (25-5tl x)+ 1 :3 it' (2:!-ii t1 xF- 2i'i+ ilv' .[

Co ll ec ting, dividing hy 15 and co mplet ing th e sq uare, f (25- 5y x) 2 -5( (l Extract ing s q. r t., or (2 ii - :))i x=:= h/ 5+r.

Cubi ng eac h m em ber, 2

2;'i_:5vx= ::d vn+ 7 u 0 ± 7.J'tl5+ ' l"

= ::dO,/ ii +2 5. Or, co ll ect ing and di ,·idi ng hy 5, -vx= :::: 2 y5 . Squarin g each x=20.

6. When tom or row is yesterday , tn-cla ,. wi ll he as far from th e end of the as t ;Hia ,. w as fro m the beginning of the wee k when tc rd ay w as to morro w. \\" hat d ay of the w ee k is t o- d ay , to-day?

Sol uti on by Helen M. Wh ipple.

Let x= No. of day of w ee k to-day, to-day is.

x+2 =No. of to-day when to 111o rrow vcsle rd ay. ·

(1) ?-(x+2 )= di sln ncc from e nd of w ee k or Sat urch1y .

x-2 =No. of t o-day wh en y e!"te rda y w as tomo rrow.

(2) (x-2)-l =d istance from fir st pa rt of the w ee k or Sunda y.

.7- (x+2 )=( x-2)-1.

7-x-2 =-x -2-1 · -2x=-8. x=4.

Then to -day, to-d ay is the fo ur th day of th e w ee k or Wedn esda y.

Al so Sol ve d by P. C. Cu ll en GEO l\IET H Y.

6. No co rre ct sol ut ion h as b< en 1·ec<.-i ve cl for t hi s problem. may st ill he se nt in

(M

Fell\ SO I.l TIOX.

,\111"1 11\I ET IC.

!1. \\" T. ll:•i rcl. thr.,ng h hi., br o ker, in vcstccl 11 ce rtai n .,tun ,f mo 1w\· in l'hiladdph iu ti 's, nt

I 1.-,1':: ', anti thn·t· IIIl lCh in t· ni on l'at ifi t• /"o., at . in hnth t•ase s: ltr"'C."•ndl w11.., inn·,.tt·d in e11d 1 kind of if hi" 11nnn:d ineo11tt· $!1! 1:..!0 ? (l<ny·s ll igh er Arilllllldic )

I 0. I on ee h :u l a nnnt11ld s nn1 ., ,- II Hll lc y l: i nghefnre 111 e. Fr<>tn I his I fir,_t l ook away 11 th ird p art a nd put in s.-, o. A sh ort t ime nfte r, I tool< from the Sl ll ll , thu!< a ug11te nt cd, the fo ur th p an . a nd p ut a ga in in it s st en d Si O. th en co u nted '" Y 111 oney a nd fo un d I hncl $1 20. \\" hat was the o ri g ina I !< Ulll. (I I ie b el's A ri th metic hy a na lys is.)

fl. A :tnd Jl were tra ,-c ling in th e su me r ou d, and at the ra te, from Co lt11n hia to Lo ui s. At th e f> Oth mile-st one f rom St. Lo ui s r\ on·r ,o ok n fl ock of ge es e w hi ck we1·e tr:l\·eling nt the nt lc of thn ·c miles in tw o ho ur s, nnd and two h• >u r·s a ft er wa rd 111 ct a wa go n w hi ch was ll i<W in g al the nt tt· of ni ne 11 1ik·s in fo ur ho ur s. ll o \·ert ool > the same Hoc l< of gee se at ·1- ith tni lc-so n t, and met t he same wagon -1-0 mi nu 1es l> do re he reached the a 1st mi le-sto ne . \\"he •·e wa s B when A reuch ccl St. Lo ui s? (I<o hins on 's Co nt ple te Algch•·a, page 2:·16.)

O. EO li! E 'J'J{ Y.

!"> . Pr op o:-:e d hy 1'. C. C ull en . '-\fi eld in the fo nn of an eq uil ate ral t ri angle is fe u cc d with boards 10 fee t long and co nt a in s as ntany acres as th ere nxe bo a.-cl s on fen ce indm ing i t. If th e fcn.ce is fiyc h oa rds hi gh, .how n ta n,· acr es in the ftcld ?

In a giY cn ci rcle :vrN is a ch 01·d, A be in g its middle poi nt. FL and El-I a rc two chords pa ss in g th ao u gh A ( P and E being on the sa me s id e of M:--1 ). Omw PHa nd EL cu tt in g MN ut the poin ts X and Z r es p ec tiv ely. Pr ov e AZ=AX.

Th e for ego in g pro bl em is not an e asy on e. On the co ntn u·y it is qu i te diffi c ult . and is wot·thy th e cn 1·efu l eon s id cntti on of any mathem atica l s tude n t.

i\ 1 ISC E I. I. A I\: EO US.

Prop os ed by 1-' . C. C ul l<: n.

A field in th e form of a tr iangle, wh nse nngl cs arc as 3, 4, a nd 5, is fl'n cc cl with boa r ds 13 fee t lon g. The fen ce is 7 boa 1·ds hi gh. Th e fiel d

r 111. ' I 1 1. 'H

conta in" a 11 1! 11 1\ .to ,,·...... ' '"·"".... n th, 1 1w,·. c it. F111 d I he :a n·.a ••I tlw ti,·ld

• ,)utiOII'- ln till· ,· Jll '• •hku1-. -.h , udd hl' cnt to J II •H' it· Ia .,.,. t h. 111 llt· t 1. .,,,_ 'T I US:- .- Cun li n 11crl II " '" / t co i.J ) :!0 J.

II . So lu l i 1111 l1 y .J :\ I li n \\' i l'

Algdu·:1 pt·nld<·tn .• p: 1g<· :.:n J.. )

J.A:t T r' 1:.:.-. - - .1 1 :-.., ·' 1• 1:.:."l - .'l 1 x l

Tht.>n T "' - ·• I X il lld T 'l - -S"' :!.I - - .i I X 11 J or -s·• .i <J ,, --··- ·' 1 X.

T- -S .I ( f'n11 11 LI H· pa ·ohknl)

c:$J (I I''·'· (:.!1. T'- TSS .i -T [ f'n •n• I:! Jj in ( :; 1

T'-1' (3- T)- -( ."i - T) ' 111 t•r ... ;mpl ify in g :1 nd cli ,·icl ing l 1y ::

T'--.) T-I-5 o oa· :-:n h· in gT -= 1a f:! :>-, 'l 1 .'> ) fi- -;. 1-: <· m:aincl <·a· r :o:td utinn i:-: i ck ntica l \\' ith l: all <'l' p:•a·t n l' :-:o l utit lll I. .\ tt :-:c t·: t. t. .\ Et n·:-:

:L 'Th e ang ul ar· cl t.·v: tticnl of th ..: top of n tcl· pl c al <1 pla t.:'-' du ..: >< n ut h .,fit i >< ·l·ii"' , and at :tttol hcr pl ace clu e \\' l' :-' 1 11f Lla· f(ll'lll t: l' :<ta rinn :tn d di!<t Hnl n l<:c t f1 ·n• n it till· t:lc,·ation i" 1 .1 <> : !. how th 11l th e heigh l nf t il l· :-:tel' pic is feet.

Tw o by 1'. C. Cnlkn.

f..., et x=hcig lt l nl

:tn d sin ce '/ of l' kva lion is 4-:; 0 the fi 1·st st: llinn 111 u st lie x feet fn)t ll :-: tcqJ IL· and s tntinn a 1'-: t:t 1'1·o an the fir st musl be r,·c t from fool nf stc cJ1L· o1· .f la '' +2x 2 J feet fnnn tnp. lien ee the e qu at ion lo 0 X 2 ):.= X,

Rin 1'i0 =sin V2H 0 °= l no o)=J

.f(i-h/ ::1 ). Suh st ilntin g t hi s \'a l uc for s in 1 mult ipl y in g qn a ntili es nn dcr r:tclicn l w·c ge t 1 .'! 1,/ 3) = x. Sq ua 1•• jug c:tch ,.: id e :tncl \\' C get

fi 'Oil l whi ch Jll :3 , 2 I ' -•

c·:tn cc lin gont ;\- ,a'( l -h( _::l] x= nl (1-t l/ :-1)' ,13

T he is a binn111ia I s urd : ap pl yi ng l'ri nc1pl e fo a· ex tra cting 1·nnt ,t.(:.:t tlw n = n( v :l- 1) -1)

• 1/a 2 • ·1 ·>' . - :J h

eli' t"ach qmunity sepnr:n el.'· by denom ina tur. we ) .

II. l.et of steeple: thc:n i-: distnncc frtlm foot of teeple ro srntion ::\o 2 n line tn b clrnwn from top of stl'C· pk w n po im in line \\'ith stntio n ::\o. 2 ond ru nt ot' :'h •pic mnking ..j..') 0 • Al so (l line frO Ill tnp ol :<tecplc to :Jml stm io n. Then \\'i th th ese l wo lim•s and the ::ro und \\' e hn \' C n trin ngk with '. ·,. 1 :> 0 • :10c nnd The ground line nr ha:<t' (If i:< 1 the • opp os ite h,·ing :{0". The side oppos ite 15° i:; x 1 2. i\nw sirlc:< nf 's n rc to each nt hcr sin es of o ppn :<it · '. ';; li enee the proportio n, sin 1.1°: sin :l0° :: x(::?1 ). Prom thi:< sin 30 °x(2 tl ,.:in 1.1 °= :-;i n 80")t, b ut ;W 0

o.. 1:! ·. sin 1 .:1 c= ( l );= [ H!3 H]t :{0 °= 1 :< 11 b:<tit ut in !! thesn·nlucs for si n 15° :uvl si n :{t)".

o· hy c xp nn. l'ng[ "/ T rnnspos in g- n ncl s qum·ing \\'C t:rct X.,'+ xt [ or [ !+ J)! ]x •=n•(t-t(S)! ].

x =n IJJ- ;{!) Applyin)! me th od for \ !+ [1- t{::lt)] ;\

l'X t rncl in ;! root (l f hino mi n I s urd the den o minnl or }peon ll'" ei thcr 113 or 1-f t/ 3. Usi ng the . /H 1t -3 1 st r :> ult thecq un tmn b eco m es x=n'\ -ws

\\'hich from fir sts olution red uces

nu t if \\'C g- h ·e the seco nd vn lu e of dcn o rninator to th e radica l ex press ion the \\' hole ra dical re-

du ces tn - 1 1/2 And x becomes \

Dut x is n fixed vn lu e with r efere nce ton , so we n ow hn ,.e t\\'O un cq u ll l q uanti ti es cqunl to t he the sn •p<' qun nti ty, which is absurd. \\'ill so me rea d er cxplni n wh nt gm·ems the true dcno lllin ntor of the rndicn l frnct ion or how we co n t dl \\'hi ch to in o rder to d etermin e th l' n :11l ,·nlu c ofx ?

Th e pt·intcr fo und it neccss nr y to usc the frn c tio 11 al expo ne nt in a num be r of pl aces in t hi s lnst so lu tion in stead of th e radica l 1< ign, hnt the chan ges fro m one to the othet·, it is beli eved. wi ll give no tro ubl e to th ose fo ll ow in g the !=;olution.

Notes and Locals. •

Ch ::ts. A. Tu cke r, '!)7 h as been re-l·b: tc d ln :1 On: ut t. nt td : 1t \\"ah no.

Luell a Mi ll sa ps of l'\o rth Bc:nrl atll nckd Dora Kr l· lts nnd l• t· n <· :\la•·t iJHl:tk will commencement exc r c: isc:s. t ent h in l'i t• r t·e thl· _n·:1r.

\!Jr Sto ne enjoye d a ,-i s it fr om hi s m•>tht•r an d from C•·a h On.:h:1rd.

The n ames of Lo retta Don· :mrl M \Ttl e :'-!dfappcnr in th e li st of for Wymore.

Jo hn D. Re id of th<" Omaha Medica l C odlege "i s itcd his siste r, Ma r gan:t Reid , f,,.. Se\'e r::tl S.

Misses Terry a nd Can ;o n of th e Kin ckrga rten gra du a ting cl ass h ave positi ons at Oakland and To bias respectively.

Mi ss ha s accepted a positi on at Cl a rks. Mi ss Moses at Vn le ntint Miss

Mnrg 11n:t '!l!l. p• in c ip :d of tlH · high sc h ool :tl \Voorl Ri n-r.

TheY . M. C. A. hath -1·oorn ha !< h cc n pli ed w ith :1 h'o t w:ttlT t nnk a url l'\'l'l'\' thing is now in good onltT.

The U ni on I,. itcr:try Society is we ll nttendeu, and goocl pr o g•·nm!-' an: be ing rcndc recl. I'rof. exhibition of phy si ca l c ultur e wa s much apprec i nted.

Stude nt s of s ix years ago will n·m ember Agn es Cani g. A very pl easa nt lette r of h c·r r ec oll ec ti ons of dormitory lite a nd ab out her t each ing si nc e kaving Peru , h as KeY at Rntr:t ncl and Miss !\JcCn:w :1t hccn n:t·ciY t·cl. Loui sv ill e.

C. W. Ran som, ]. W. S. Martin, G riffi th and Verne Vance, for me •· s tudent s of the Sta te Normal. will co ntinu e their st udi es at t he Oma ha Med ica l Co ll ege n ext yea r.

J.D Drn cl yat tc nrlcdthcY M.C .A .Confc1en cc at L:t ke Geneva. Wisconsin. ns a clclc ga tc f rom th e AssnL"iat i on ht •·e. Mi ss Ru th HnJTi s wn s the t·epre se n tnt i vl· 11 f of th e y oung Indi es ' sm:ie ty to theY C. A. Conference helcl :t t the s nm e p ln cc·.

Eva \\' .11 ll\:1· : tnd :\I j..,.., t.'n.. c.. kpaum tt':ldl til l"h ...... \ ....

f'rof will lw 111 tit c..· l"nin·rlhl" c.:oming '\':II', whc..·n· he..· 1m:- :1 fdln\\""'hip in hnt:lll\"

lh:• th :• St.·Y\'1':- nf l' : tllll_\' l'tl. whn wn!'-:1 !-oll ld c..·nt in tht.· St:tlt.' :'\ n nnal n·:•r clit:d r·c..·t.'l' ll ll,

II. L. Banil..'k , 1 hl..'l' ll nt \in swo rth. l' IH.'c n·cl in g R. E. '9 7. who lo l:tw.

lkkn Spe n ce.· •·, '!)H. : tnd Lol a 8 nw kh :w t. '!.JH, w ill l c.·ilc h in th l..' at \Vyo n ti n g, th e c.·n n till ,t!" yc : 11·.

Th l..' C luh h:Jcl nn nt hc•· of clc: ightful with ho 11n tiful in the I JI..':'ll l ti f'u I g' I'O IItHi l' abo ut th e r c!' idcn cc nf' \ V. E. l\11 nj n•·s.

J r. Ca rn n han the p o· si ti on at Ul ysses to w hi ch he w ns r e-e lected h ns nl..'ccptc d the pr in cipnlship of the Creigh to n sc h on ll'

0. D. Mnr ti n cl:tl t:, wh ose tc.r·m :u: nic mll c.-r of th e.• Bo ard of Eclu ca tion hnd c xpirc rl is succee ded on a pp u intm c nt of the go , ·crn01: hy M1·. Tn wn c.:y of Pi cn: c.

Pr·o r. W. A. Clad ,, \Vh o, by th e wny is n ow Or Cla .-1<I hy or the d egree of P h' 0. •·cee n tly co nfen ·cd hy the C hi cago Univcn;1 ty. c urn la 11 dc, \ vas in Pe ru r ecen t· l y. He will ass um e the du tie s of P,·csid cnt of t he Rtnte No ,·mal, to w h-i ch he was elected at the Jun e me etin g of the Boaril of E<lu ca1J ion. <:a dy it l Au gust.

Prof. lfo,ic t'nters Ch icago L' nin• rs ity this f:lll til Cflmplt'te his course there.

". n. ' hdl w ill teach iu Fn lls City th e l'Oillill1-! yctt r, the Scien ce nepa rt · mt.•nt 11f dtl' high school.

of Al ha mbr a. Co lifo rn in, nml Adn \\' ikoxofO mnhn Yi s itcd the :.. ri. >':l'S Ro ys rlu ring l'O ill m cnccme n t.

Eugene :\l m:cy, l 900, and Al phre tt a Goldsm i th. n .. tntc :-\ o nn nl stude nt . Wl' rl ' m:trricrl .J uly -1- th nr the home in Fn idlllry. l\cbrn:;ka . ..

Th e of Jum• 30 eigh tee n mcm· hl·rs of t hl· Fa c ul ty e nj oyed n long rifle in to the co unlr y. Th e ,w a th er wn s de· ligh tful n ud a ll re port n fin e time.

\V111 N. De lzell 'H4, w ns m arrie d Jnn c 1 0 to Miss Dorn \Vil sn n of Lor to n, Ncbr ns lw. h om e will he in Sy r a.,c u se. \\' her·c :\1 r. De lze ll h ns bee n r e-elected.

Mi ss J cn rs r esign ed her posit ion in the St ate No rm al at the J un e m eet ing of the B oard of E clucat io u. a ncl will en te r co ll ege in Sc p tc m bcr. Hrr successo r is n ot yet dectcrl.

E ll iott Mn rtin , '95, of Sa n ta Rosa . Cil lifo rn ia, is iu P er u on a vacation visit. He is p l'in cip nl there wit h fo urtee n assistan ts n ne! H ll increasing sa lary th nt hes pcaks hi s Sll CCC!'S f nl wo rk .

Vi •·g11 Fi ke of the Prac ti ce Sc h oo l was sei·iouslv hu rt s.o mc tim e si nce. and su ffers gr eat ly from the wo un d whi ch is sl ow to h en l. P T'()f. F ik c, too. bcea nsl' of ill hea lth h as b een nft' rln ty at t im es.

zo s TilE !';TAT E

Mnrit· Fre ric h :; , '97, n :t urn s t•J Ste ll a for the c oming yea r.

Anna Can on of T c·c um seh \'i s ited fr il·JHb 111 Per u at co mmen cemcnt t im e.

Th eY M. C. A. Y. \\' C. A. an· ho ldin g joint sess ions thr oug h th <.: s ummtr term . ;J.

B. J. McGrew, '97, is d\:ctc d pr inc ip:d of the Anti oc h s cLw'ol at Aubu r n, and Frnnk oft hc Athc ns,sch oo l.

On Jun e 4 occu rred- th e wc dcling of Mi ss L et ha Wal ters of nlu e II ill to fr :1h111 . J\ liss Wal te rs a tt <.: nd ed the S tat e .1\:o rm :d in 1 89 7.

D. D. Mi les, '9 7, is •·t·ta in ccl :1t Blancharc!, I owa, \\'ith an in cr ease in sa la t·\· fl is yo ung so n is to he e nr o ll ed at th cJ State o rm al in due time . ' .:1-

The obse •·vatnry w ns ope n throu g hout the eclipse, May 28, n nd the fa cil iti es for witnessing its progre"'s made the ph1ce n ce nt er of in te r es t to a ll for th e time hein g.

:\llr. Ba rric k in the phy sica l laboratory fin d Mr . Wad de ll in the hiol og ica l lah orato•·y an.' kept busy in uttcnding to those who a•·e puttin g in long ho.urs in expet·iments.

Durin g commenc<:ment week Miss Pittam rece i ved a \·isit from h t• r mothe r nn cl hrot her, H iram Pi tt a m. from Sm artv il e, a nd her ni ece from te l'li ng. Her sis tet·, Mr s. Ch a rl es Ro up , and cl aug htct·, ln: n'c, fr om Edge mont Sout h Dakota, olso attcn dccl the exe •·eis es .

1·\rgu"''" will thl· y(·: •r in Chi\ agn

••ol.

C() r :d \ \'hitl·. '! J! I I' inrlt-rg:r t'll' ll, t'C·l'l cc tcd in :\t·hr:t ka Ctt ,.

Str: 1it t· n io .n·d :r \' i ;. it fn nn hi s l11 ot her :111rl hi ;. rl :rug h llT from h: i \'l'r lo n, I owa. d urin;.:- cr ll llllll'tll'l' tt ll' lll "n:k

C: rtTil· Ho\'d :rncl \!: try h an· bt'l'll n: 11<.:w in g : tL th e :'\ Ol'lll t ll

F. Br idgl·, '!J7, h:r s :1 ch·t·k::: hip in the Bureau in D. C \\'here slw ha s b t·cn 11 ow fn1· st·\·c •·:d wcc l•s.

\\' R. Buc!J; II H\11, 1 !100, h Hs r:h:ct cd pr i nc i p; d H is Min nie w as re-c le<:ted to the pri mH •·y cl e pa rl men t ;1l th e.: sa me place

!ken of th e sto n 11 Jun e 27t h the Elol' I! Lio n I< ec iu d was n ot as lar ge ly atten ded as us ua l. Scv cnd pet•sons who were to ;tp p ea t· on th e pr ogt·am wet·<: p•·c·,·entc d fro m An en tertainm e nt of an • ho ur s length h ow<:ve t·, was \\'e ll n•ndcrc cl nncl fu ll y app r <:c iate d hy th e atHiit·nce, tts \\':IS cl e monst rat ecl by tht·ir h earty appl au se of eac h n um b t· t· .

Au relia Cmng le, '!l B. had a m ost t!lrilli ng ex pericncc h l·f• ,t·c th e cl ose of bet·sc h oo l tenn Tl oe sc h ool htti lcl ing \\' as st rn ck hy li ghtning and n l ittle gid in sta ntly k illed in her t oom Th e: dtild 's 'c l ot hi ng was s et on fi n:: h ut i\lli ss C rnnglc with the nss ist:.l tlCe of oth<..Ts qu'i t· kiy extingui shed the Aam l's. Stntngc to say. none nf the ol hcrs in the t·oo m \v e rce vc n s hocked hy the fatrtl bolt.

Cha-. ck '!J!J, Stapkhtll l

Prof Fi kl· " iII nn·u p y t hl· Ill' w h ''ll:-l' he.'ins,: huilt II\ \1, · \\ 'i lli:tlllO.: l':l:-l of till• :\ ormal

T he ,·c.:gio..u ·y f ell· th e: S1111 1t 11Cr i:< n<:ft rl y thnT hu ud n:d.l: 11 ·.1.!'-' ly Il l' \\' :<t u ck nt ::: of the ,Yl' :ll'

i 11 :1 lll' ll cl: lll l'l' up on the w eddin g of h tT :1l .\u :< tin . :\ l in n c::::<'l:l, \\" h idl OL' l' II IT<.: d .J \Ill C.: 7.

Mn ny of t. h '-· wot·k in g dnu hlc

t ime in onlc.: •· Lo g ...: t l <-'1' 11 1 i11 th e: eight \\ 'e l·k s. SO II I L' m c.:e t in g n d ay.

Th c mu ch flc la y...: d for the s upply of w:tl...:1 · lo the No n n;1 l hu il rl i 11 gs is we ll un dc t· wny. a 11 d a g•·ea t. ne ed wi ll be mct init..

A11 mcmb ers of the Pn cu lt y, with the ir fam ili es, en tcr·tn in cd mo st de li ghtfully hy the te achers in the do n11 it o•·y on a fterno on an d c v...: nin g of Ju ne 8.

E. E. ha s b ct·n re-e le cted [I S supc•·int. cnd e nt of the at P t·icn d. l\11'. has b ee n there scv e•·al year s. The salar·y for n ext yea •· is in lTea se cl to $1000

Mi ss M ca rs ,-c pt·csen ted the St at e No rmal H t a co nferen ce held in Lin co ln , Ju ne 1 5. to prcp an· ::t co urse of st ud y in geo gra 'phy. Othcr·s p re se nt wer e: Su pt Go rd on. Li nco ln ; Pr o f. Sea r srJ n, Vl/a h oo; PnJf. Kern, Dav id Ci ty ; l\II rs. Hu tch in s ()n . Om ah a.

llr. Bcnttic ct di ,·ered hi s lec ture un " Ed"'-':Hion- th e of O ur Coun try ," in Chnpd, .J uuc wi nn ing a nd holding the doH' n ttcntiou uf n il pr esent in hi clen r prc$e11la ti on of the point s of hi s diseo urse.

The .\ lm nni of the S tll te. o nn al wo ul d cn•n· onc felt n pride , we feel s ure. in the be fo re the .-\ ssoci Rtiou by Rev. ll c nry hl cn ke, '90. It sc holarly. hn th in th .Ht !! ht nnd form of ex pression, nbo uu dinJ:! tel lin g fi g-ures n od so und t cn dt i ngs.

n n11tcl Ph elps Lel and lec tured in Ch apel Juu c 1 3. ou ·'The Land of Bu rn s a nd of ·o lt.' ' nnd befo re the co unl y ins tihttc at Aub urn the eve nin g fo ll ow in g. lt wa s lnr o-dv due to Su pt. Parrio tt' s effort thnt L.dnnd w as sec u;ed for t hi s his founh :1 p pcarnncc at the S tate No rma l. .JI.

The Deco ra t.i on Day ndd rcss wn s r!c li vc · C I ·nr U S A home cred by a ptmn u h • : · ., fr om the Phili ppin es on lea ve of C ap ta in C uh·cr's s ta tem en ts coneermng the P hil i ppin es Chapel exe rcises the fo llo wi n o- rn or ni tl a we re ve ry interest in g to l:> I:' ,. the s tudent bod y and a ll who hea rd nm. I $

R esolu tions of Sympathy.

V u s It 1 1 •15 h cc n the plea sure of ·v Hrna,A., • f .T 1 po thcr tt> remo ve from his our Y « h) I "' t' ll al'd •the brother of o ur c art y wme vv < , • cl assmat e, Bess ie S tu ll , therefore be Jt Resoh, ed , Th at w e, the memb ers of the k in derg nr·teo class of th e State No rm al ex p 1·ess onr since re sy mp a th y to o ur ber eaved cla ss ma te ; a nd be it fur ther R es oh·ed Th at a copy of th ese r esolutions be pu b li sh cd in The Messe1 'l ger a nd in the Au b uru Po st, o nd a co py sent to o ur cla ss mate. 'Mu RR IE ToRNSON, } J osEP HI NE DILL ON, Co m. FLORA Gn r::G ORY

:no

Mi ss Ca r ri e Ehl ers of l kn ndl is h: r sister at the S tal e :"lfl r ma l.

A picnic of mcmlJcrs nf th e F:•c tdt y a nd famil ie s gin:n for t ho se whq ar<· not Lo h t: here m·xl year \\' il ll •c ltl·lci .J uly :2 1.

Mu ll en of So uth Om: th:t cl cc ll'd as t eac her of mu sil· , and Mr f<nl , in son, cl c eled to su ccee d He nry Hohz :1s rJ, , not acct·p lt h dc pns it ion s.

Prof. T. ]. O li vet·, cl cc lcd to sm·cN·cl ;\ I iss Ferguso n as t eac her of anthmelic and <t lgc hra, has tnk cn po ssess ion of the honH· ju st w es t of the Pro f' E ll is pl:tn· ,:J.

F ri end s of the State No rma l h: l\' <' a . I. . 1 h I spcc tl'l mter est tn t c <· ce ti on in Nov l·mh cr of st at e trem;urcr a nd st ale su pcrin te ncrent public of in s truc tinn as me mbers of the No rm al Sc h oo l Bo a rd, and of go ve rnor in wh om is the npp ? in tmcnt of the oth er mem bers of th e Boat·d.

About 100 volum es of pe riodica ls h ave lately been se nt off to be bound and to the librar y. Why ca nnot a f1rc-pr oo f buil ding su ffi cie ntly lar ge be grantJd th e St ate Norm a 1 by th e Legisln t lll-c to be elected this fa ll ? No one can qu es ti on the press ing ne ed of such n new bu ildin g.

Callie :\l·:d, wili: of ll r .1. F. whq wi ll hl· rn·nlkcl hy Stn te :\ orr nal q u rknl.., of l.·:el'lict· n·:tt'"'· i:' danil·l< :el h<:r hrtnH· in l 'l· r u.

I<n m 11r has it th:tl l' t·,.f. th:tl it ;.., n ot goo d fn r 111 : 11 1 l" li \'l.' :doth• will \':tl':tlion tnln· to him :<c lf a wili.·. :tl'(' :t )t·c: tcl y 111 : 11k tO Ol'Cil )l _\' a o.; a h on tl' th t· IJt til t hy \Vri ght.

l> r. lkalt ic has ren :in:d : 111 cl<.-ct ion :ts f> n ·sic kn t o f' l he Sl : tll: No rmnl

Sc h oo l al \\' cs to n. Or t·go tt. Il L· h:ts t·ccenth· rl'lu rnc cl f'r <J II1 :t u·ip t( ) th t· f:t t' we st, h:l\·ing h cc n in Wes ton : tf'l<:t· notific ati on of his L·kn ion.

Pr es id ent A. W. Not·Lon of' the B:tp tist

Co ll ('gc of'. Sioux Fa ll s, So uth D:t k otn . h:td lh <.· d cgT ce of LL. r> . conli: tTt rl up on h int by hi s alma mn te 1·, Huchcstct· U ni \' ersity. Ro chester. Ne w Yo d <. :tt th (· l:tlc L' O l11nwn l'e mcnt ther e.

John Bl a nk ens hi p. so long ja ni to r the St ate No r ma l,an d.fam il y will occ upy the ir hou se so ut h of the do rmit ory the co m in g y ea r. lVh W •·igh t t oo I< p ossess ion of thL· ja nito•·'s ro oms in the sc h oo l bu ild in g Ju ly 1. '

\o ur Friend and Ph t raph

m. 6. I B R

And your k in d 1 " ill ph::t-.l' lh · Pe ruvi tnt:- tlH.',Y tr.l riJ t their fun:s lo 1ny <.:Hn•. \uu arc alwu) ,\

To l' IIII I IIHI !'i l' c.: til l' wh \' 11 in out· cit \ '. In Neilson's old pl4ce, 'over t • 1 hompson & Peery's Department •Store.

The w·estetti School ·nook Co.

,_.., • j n I ' • "(( • F-REMONT NEBR.

• \ l I ' 1

Is the w 4?.o:;tc rn 'p tli c fwu sc: in the world-Tbe School ture Co., of New () !")( a nd Ch tc ltgv. , xVe sell ev t- r\·thing fl>r sch oo ls, ITI 1111,1" qunntJ[.l' nnd sohet t t.!tc pntronflgc nl i\Vc.:stc'rn and b ou.rds oft"clncnti nn. \i\'ri t t: us l.Jef,u;l' Y.ou pln l'<' yourordcr. r-•., tl ta.tter wh at yduHv·ant:·,Jot· we it in qunlity and pnccs the 1\e a rc :Ll :"o Etgcn tis ,f (f) n. th ..· ,W.cster'-' House , of' nnd sell cverythin,l'! pertauung t.o the PC?LLAl<D 'l"EACHI):'JG \\'rit e torn o.n tht" tll ct h od: I• or Ia !;> ary we w\i ll sell you a,t wb.orl es: de pric<!s ouy book pnhhshcd. uan l:c a spcc t,al t:)• 6f su H.Plyi tow n a,nd 'sc ho ololibrarie!< in from<>O tv 5000 ,·ols. Address a ll ctu nmunicatic·!'1." t :.> ,!

WESTERN SCHOOL BOOK CO. E. 0. GARRE'T Manager'··' 1 '\

(SucCUHCJr lp lh c latl' If.

,Brushes.

and

LINCOLN, SEPT. 3 TO 7, lQ()().

$3o,ooo in Premiums.

ENTRIES FREE,- OPEN TO THE WORLD. for County Collective fXhib ils. $5,000 Spud Mon ey.

Ftrr p n_:ticu ltl rs add n :ss the 9cc rc,t n.ry, > r ROBT. ·w.