Annex A1

Table A1.1

Brazil: growth rates, inflation and elasticity of export agriculture and domestic consumption, 1948–1955

Source: Prepared by the author on the basis of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Estatísticas do Século XX [online] https://seculoxx.ibge.gov.br/.

Annex A2

Table A2.1

Brazil: time series data on the economic structure of agriculture, 1948–1955

Source: Prepared by the author, on the basis of information from the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA) for C; T. Szmrecsányi, “Desenvolvimento da produção agropecuária (1930–1970)”, História Geral da Civilização Brasileira, B. Fausto (org.), vol. IV, São Paulo, Difusão, 1986, for L; Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Estatísticas do Século XX [online] https:// seculoxx.ibge.gov.br/economicas/tabelas-setoriais/agropecuaria for p, px, X, Q, K and R; E. L. Bacha, “Crescimento econômico, salários urbanos e rurais: o caso do Brasil”, Pesquisa e Planejamento Econômico, vol. 9, No. 3, Rio de Janeiro, December 1979, for w; Banco do Brasil Chamber of Foreign Trade (CACEX), Boletim Mensal da Câmara de Comércio Exterior do Banco do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Ministry of Finance/Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), various issues, 1948–1950; and J. Sanders Jr., Mechanization and employment in Brazilian agriculture, 1950–1971, University of Minnesota, 1973, for r.

Abstract

María Sylvina Porras

The trend reflected in the job quality index constructed for this study indicates that economic growth alone is not enough to improve the quality of employment. Econometric techniques are used to estimate the long-run relationship between this index and GDP. The results of those calculations clearly point to a negative relationship between these two variables from 2005 on, when job quality began to improve against a backdrop of strong economic growth in combination with changes in the institutional framework (labour laws and collective bargaining mechanisms) that were conducive to an improvement in job quality.

Keywords

Employment, human resources, working conditions, economic growth, measurement, econometric models, case studies, Uruguay

JEL classification

C43, I31, J23, J24, J81

Author

María Sylvina Porras Arena is an Adjunct Professor with the Institute of Economics of the School of Economic Sciences and Management of the University of the Republic, Uruguay. Email: sylvina.porras@fcea.edu.uy.