Quantum Volume 1 Issue 2

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“The scientist does not study nature because it is useful; he studies it because he delights in it, and he delights in it because it is beautiful. If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing, and if nature were not worth knowing, life would not be worth living.” ― Henri Poincaré POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES • COLLEGE OF SCIENCE • DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES

ISSN 2243-8521

Converging Relative Minds Volume 1 Issue 2 • The Official News Magazine of the PUP Physics Society• July—December 2011


July—December 2011

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From the DESK ABOUT THE COVER “Professionalism, Progression and Passion in Physics” by Luigi Arriola won third place in

Poster Making Contest sponsored by the PUP Physics Society during its Physics Enrichment Program held at San Mateo National High School.

QUANTUM A.Y. 2011-2012 •Publication Consultants• Dr. Zenaida R. Sarmiento Dr. Evelyn M. Matchete Dr. Edgardo A. Latoza

•Editorial Board• Ron Louie G. Palacio, Editor-in-Chief Debbie V. Velasquez, Managing Editor John Paul A. Besagas, Associate Editor Annaliza M. Amo, News Editor Ma. Angela B. Faustino, Feature Editor Leonard R. Baguio, Literary Editor Hernanie T. Salazar, Jr., Art Editor Ricky G. Ampoloquio, Cartoonist

What’s Inside? NEWS Junior Physicists Hold MS Excel Seminar CS Celebrates 18 Years of Service and Excellence Chronobiologist Lectures in PUP Linggo ng Wika Observed First IFPRS Launched Physoc Joins Tree Planting Activity Wet and Wild: SMPP General Assembly Physoc: One of the Ten Outstanding Student Org ... PEP 2011 in SMNHS PUPians Present Researches in the 29th SPP Congress Wet Midyear Assembly Luna and Legaspi participate in 7th PMS Convention CS Faculty, Physics and Bio Studes Volunteer in Mt. Negron PUP Holds GBK Forum Thesis Proposal Held SMPP Holds Physiklaban 2011 Physoc Goes to PNRI Christmas Party Celebrated What Physicists Think… Physoc GPOA for January to March 2012

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OPINION Editorial Beyond the Boundaries: A Better Option Perspectives: Perceptions … At a Glance: Of Faith and Atheism

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•Staff Writers• Marie Chona Garcia, Jocel B. Bartolay, Jonathan D. Guste, Nerissa M. De Guzman, Christian Anjo C. Ringor, Stephen Louis Cordura, Errol Delos Santos, Dharell Balonzo, Joybelle Lopez, Jona Dalisay, Danilo Estrella, Elizabeth Perez, Gene Itable, Xyrus Galapia, Rheymar Morales, Aldrin Bendal, Yuta Rola, Jayson Almario, Mark Genesis Santos, Melvin Borbe, Noel Alvin Orias, Honey Leen Laggui, and Mary Ann Pangilinan

•Publication Adviser• Mr. Reynold V. Luna

Quantum, the official publication of the PUP Physics Society, manages to deliver responsible journalism and unbiased news and commits to provide students information and researches in physics community. Quantum is a semi-annual news magazine of the PUP Physics Society. Any contributions, suggestions can be forwarded to the editorial board at N609 6th Floor of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. Look for Ron Louie G. Palacio. Contact information E-mail: quantum.physoc@gmail.com Webpage: quantum-pupphysoc.tumblr.com

FEATURES CHED Assesses PUP-CS BS Physics Program The Hokage of Physics in PUP Time as We Know It The Two Faces of the Thousand of Faces Kilogram After Decades of Research

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LITERARY Essay: Where do I Find Myself After Ten Years Poem: Ang Wikang Filipino ay Wikang Panlahat... Poem: Schizoprenia Poem: True Time Machines Poem: Science and… Poem: The Lamp Essay: One Clique! Comic: Pisak

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RESEARCHES Measuring the Voltage using CRO Technical and Analytical Skills of Sophomore ... Magnetic Field in a Regular-Cylinder Iron Wires Speed of Various Objects with Different Geometry Reverse Process of Mpemba Effect Biscuit –type Th-232 … Verifying the Permittivity of Common Insulators Variation of Acceleration due to Gravity …

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NOTES or like us at Facebook: www.facebook.com/The-Quantum

Furnace/Thesis Song

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July—December 2011

Junior Physicists Hold MS Excel Seminar Annaliza M. Amo The junior students of the PUP Physics Society held their first seminar on Microsoft (MS) Excel last July 21 and 22, 2011 at Room E601 of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The two-day seminar focused on the basic concepts of the MS Excel and its applications for interpreting and analyzing data. The main objective of this event is to guide sophomore BS Physics students in learning the fundamen-

MS Excel Seminar proper. Photo contributed

tals of MS Excel for their future study in higher Physics subjects such as Mathematical Physics, Computational Physics and Advanced Laboratory, and to establish cognition with the junior BS Physics students. The first day started with the introduction of MS Excel by Mr. Reynold Luna. He pointed out that this program must be learned properly because this is essential in any research activity. Topics such as introduction, Basic operations, Printing, Different Functions, Chart Making, Curve Fitting and User Define Functions were discussed by the junior students of the program. Mr. Jonathan Guste, head of the event, provided synthesis to close day-one. continued on page 4

Chronobiologist lectures in PUP Jonathan D. Guste Mr. Kim A. Gargar, a PhD student in Chronobiology at Groningen University in Netherlands and a former PUP Physics Instructor, visited PUP to provide lecture on the applications of Physics on Biological Problems last July 12, 2011 at Bulwagang Balagtas, NALLRC. This event was organized by the PUP Physics Society (Physoc), Society of Biology Students (SBS) and PUP Junior Agham. The seminar aimed to show direct application of physics to biology. Starting from the motion of organisms down to the dynamics of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Everything in this world involves physics. The program started with an opening remarks from Mr. Reynold Luna, Physoc Adviser. He Then introduced his mentor, the guest lecturer. Parts of the cell was reviewed. The lecture built up to the dynamics of behavior of particular organism. As an example, circadian clock was then elaborated. This

mechanism is the introductory concept of studying chronobiology, a field of biology that examines periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms and their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. Afterwards, the participants watched a BBC Film documentary entitled: The Origin of Life. This concentrated on the development of researches conducted by Charles Darwin to support his Theory of Evolution. During the open forum, participants asked questions about the dynamics of organisms and how to predict it, and possible career in chronobiology after taking it as a study. ■

Awarding of Certificate of Appreciation. Mr. Kim Gargar, second from left, with Mr. Luna, PUP Physoc and SBS officers. Photo contributed

NEWS

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CS Celebrates 18 Years of Service and Excellence Christian Anjo C. Ringor The College of Science (CS) celebrated its 18th Founding Anniversary last July 23-24, 2011. Opening. The celebration started with a mass at interfaith chapel, followed by the convocation at Bulwagang Balagtas, Ninoy Aquino Library and Learning Resource Center with Dr. Pastor B. Malaborbor as the guest speaker. Dr. Malaborbor addressed the dedication and passion of all CS faculty members despite the many hindrances and lack of facilities. He then congratulated CS. Parade. Despite the bad weather, students and faculty members decided to continue the celebration with a parade. Physics Society, Chemical Soci- Physics Studes at Parade. Photo contributed ety, Society of Biology Students, Math Club and Stats Clique participated and showcased their artistic side with colorful arcs, costumes, and banners. Before the said event, a T-shirt designing competition was sponsored by the CS Student Council Office. Christian Anjo C. Ringor’s shirt deign was chosen. He used all the courses under the College of Science and formed the word "AGHAM" in front of the shirt. Meanwhile, at the back he quoted "Different Problems, Different Equations, Different Solutions, One Goal, Excellence". Contests. During the rest of the week, tons of games were offered for the CS students. There were outdoor games which included Patintero, Dodge Ball, Agawan Base, Tug of War, Amazing Race, Volleyball, and Basketball. There were also indoor games which included Chess, Games of the Generals, Scrabble, and Sungka. Academic contests such as General Science Quiz Bee, Basic Mathematics Quiz Bee, Basic Statistics Quiz Bee, Philippine History Quiz Bee, Poster Making Contest, Debate, Dagliang Talumpati and Extemporaneous Speaking were also participated by the students. Physics Volleyball-Men team won for the third consecutive year and Mr. Raiseth Fajardo as the Most Valuabled Player. Mr. John Carlo Elmaguin placed 3rd in the Statistics Quiz Bee. Ms. Jemeerlene continued on page 9


July—December 2011

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Linggo ng Wika Observed Annaliza M. Amo s part of the celebration of the Bu- house of Beta, Mark Genesis Santos and Michelle Ann Gala from the house of PHYSICS Society celebrated Linggo Gamma and Maria Angela Faustino from ng Wika last August 23, 2011 at N615 the house of Delta; for the monologue carrying the national theme “Ang Fili- Cristine Protacio and Micah Ann Padua pino ay Wikang Panlahat Ilaw at Lakas sa from Alpha, Anna Pascual and Channa Mstuwid na Landas.” It aimed to pro- Antiojo sophomore students from Beta, mote the importance of wikang pam- Ruth Mabalot and Hernanie Salazar from bansa as our national language. Gamma, Debinya Buenafe and Emilio ApProper. To celebrate the said event erocho from Delta. Cristine Protacio from the society had different contests which Alpha, Jonah Dalisay from Beta, Katrina include writing a poem, poem recital, Danes and Jonathan Guste from the speech, and monologue. The program house of Delta participated for speech . started with an opening prayer and fol- Ronald Anonuevo and Jayson Almario lowed by the Philippine National Anthem from the house of Delta and Gamma parheaded by Ms. Annaliza M. Amo. Ms. ticipated in writing a poem. The contests Kate Ann Esguerra gave her opening re- were judged by Mr. Bhenz Rodriguez and marks. The contest started with Pagbig- Mr. Lorenzo Lopez Jr. kas ng tula participated by Joanna PenaWinners. In writing a poem Jayson randa and Kristien Ingrid freshmen stu- Almario grabbed the first place and dents from the house of Alpha, Kevin Do- Ronald Anonuevo for the second place. In mingo and Ron Louie Palacio from the reciting a poem Ma. Angela Faustino, Ron

Louie Palacio and Michelle Ann Gala won the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place respectively. For the monologue Hernanie Salazar, Debinya Buenafe and Cristine Protacio also got the 1st, 2nd and 3rd place respectively. For the speech Jonah Dalisay won the 1st place, Katrina Danes and Cristine Protacio got the 2nd and 3rd place respectively. Google Sketch Up. A week before the language celebration, a contest on Google Sketch Up—a free sketching software—was announced with topics on sketching different laboratory apparatus. From the entries submitted, only one will win and this was the Hand-crank generator entry of Mr. Gene Itable. continued on page 5

First IFPRS Launched

Junior Physicists… continued from page 3

A wan ng Wikang Pambansa the PUP

Ron Louie G. Palacio The first International Festival of People’s Rights and Struggles (IFPRS) commences last July 5 -6, 2011 at the Bahay ng Alumni, University of the Philippines Diliman. The event aimed to celebrate the success and lessons of people’s struggles around the globe. The IFPRS is a space for people around the world, representatives of people’s organizations, movements, institutions and others, to celebrate their struggles and victories as they assert and claim their rights. The IFPRS offers a wide range of opportunities for learning and networking with simultaneous for a, workshops, strategy sessions, film showings and exhibits. The festival had a common opening on morning of July 5, 2011 with keynote addresses from Prof. Francois Houtart and Leila Khaled plus panels of experts on people’s right and struggles. This was followed by numerous events in various venues within the University of the Philip-

Ethnic dance during the festival opening in front of UP Bahay ng Alumni. Source: http://ifprs.org/

pines, Diliman, Quezon City. All of these provide participants from around the world and from the Philippines with a rare opportunity to interact and enjoy the solidarity among people from Asia and the Pacific, Africa, North America, Europe, and Latin America and the Middle East—to share and learn from each other about new and longstanding threats to people’s individual and collective rights, while exploring solutions that address the systemic roots of these problems. ■

Modelings I and II, solving Equations, Numerical Integration, Differential Equation Demonstration, Statistical Function and Report Writing were discussed the following day by the 2nd group of the said students. Activities were given to participating students to test their understanding particularly on modeling and numerical integration method. Stephen Louis Cordura, Junior VP ended the event with a closing remark. ■ Physoc: One … continued from page 6 Renewing Mission. PhySoc challenge itself by keeping its trajectory towards excellence and service and by improving ways of promoting Physics for the people. The recognition they received is an inspiration and a reminder that they should continue contributing in the development of responsible, creative and innovative members. ■


July—December 2011

NEWS

Left.BS Physics students carrying their seedlings while crossing the river. Right. Jinjer Ignacio planting the bamboo seedling. Photos contributed

Physoc Joins Tree Planting Activity Ron Louie G. Palacio September 24, 2011 marked PUP Physics Society’s Community Extension Program entitled Tree Planting For Watershed Restorationand Disaster Mitigation at the San Joseph Antipolo, Boso-Boso, SitioPanusugin, City of San Mateo, Rizal. Assembly of Nature Stewards. The affair was spearheaded by Kalikasan Partylist and AGHAM in cooperation with PUP Physics Society and PUP Junior Agham. Themed “Plant A Tree, Restore the Watershed,” the program aimed to plant trees along the mountain ranges of Sierra Madre. It was attended by 32 representatives from PUP Physoc and Junior Agham, 16 delegates from AGHAM, Kalikasan Partylist and CEC, 73 delegates from De La Salle University (DLSU), Dasmariñas, Cavite and 12 mountaineers of Halhalin. The program entailed discussion of climate change, orientation on tree planting and trekking, assessment and reflection of the program, and a few solidarity speeches.

Orientation. The registration period in the venue was from 9:00 to 9:30 in the morning. Afterward, the program began with the invocation lead by Bishop Solito Toquero of UMC which was followed by the welcome remarks of Fr. Bien Miguel of Kalingap Marikina Watershed. Niel Caidic of AGHAM preceded the discussion on climate change and an open forum succeeded by the lunch break of the delegates. Planting and Trekking. The program resumed with the orientation by Mr. Pol Soriano and one of their resident agriculturist regarding tree planting and trekking. An hour was given to the participants to plant seedlings of bamboo plants and go trekking. Culminating Activity. The climax of the program were the solidarity messages of Fr. Charlie of San Joseph Parish, Nardy Sabino of Stewards of Creation, Ms. Tony of DLSU, Hon. Raymond Palatino of Kabataan Partylist and representatives from participating schools and organizations. ■

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Wet and Wild: SMPP General Assembly Jocel B. Bartolay The Samahang Mag-aaral para sa Pagpapaunlad ng Pisika (SMPP) General Assembly was held on September 3, 2011 at Ateneo de Manila University (ADMU) with the theme “Wet and Wild.” Hosted by The League of Students (LEAPS), the said assembly aimed to build relationship between physics societies and organizations from different schools coming from ADMU, PNU (Philippine Normal University), FEU (Far Eastern University), UST (University of Sto. Tomas), DLSU (De La Salle University), AdU (Adamson University), and PUP (Polytechnic University of the Philippines). The assembly started by introducing each societies headed by the presidents of each organization, followed by games such as

Ang Pinaka (the one who has the “most” of these characteristics) and Maximum/ Minimum (just like Ang Pinaka). It followed by basaan where organizations would make somebody (who worn the manila paper) wet by using only water guns, water balloons or anything. To make each organization responsible, they ought to sweep trash they have made after the game. The assembly ended with announcements regarding to activities of each organization as well as inviting other societies to join activities to be held. Being a responsible member of the society makes a difference. Being active and participative to any activities makes someone bolder, which one may apply to his/her daily activities as a student. ■

Left. Individual Dynamics wherein participants introduces themselves and their schools. Right. Members poses before getting wet in the group dynamics. Photos contributed.

Linggo… continued from page 4

Left. Bishop Toquero shares how to be responsible stewards of nature. Right. Redentor Natividad of PUP Physics Society expresses his activity’s insight. Photos contributed.

Closing Program. The program ended with the awarding of certificates. Mr. Lorenzo Lopez Jr., the society vice president, gave the closing remark for the event and challenged everyone that this activity is the beginning of a year of excellence to celebrate the Linggo ng Wika for Physics Society as everyone envisions its goal of each member in continuing the trajectory towards a total person. ■


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NEWS

Physoc: One of the Ten Outstanding Student Orgs in PUP System Reynold V. Luna The PUP Physics Society (PhySoc), the premier Physics organization of the university, was recognized by the Office of Student Services (OSS) under the Office of the Vice President for Student Services as one of the Ten Outstanding Organizations among the 200 student organizations of the PUP system. The award was accepted by the PUP PhySoc Officers last October 4, 2011 during PUP Achievers’ Awarding Ceremony in Bulwagang Balagtas, Ninoy Aquino Library and Learning

Resources Center. Search Criteria. Conforming to the criteria set by OSS, PhySoc highlighted on the report they submitted its projects’ impact to the community, their capability to promote and hold on to the spirit of volunteerism and nationalism, creativity and innovation, and the sustainability of the project and their effective use of available resources. Projects and Activities. Its tradition of serving and uplifting its members, even to non-members, con-

Awardees. From left, above: VPSS Juan C. Birion, Lorenzo Lopez, Sheila Mejia, Annaliza Amo, April Dominguiano, Ron Palacio, Karen Agay, Phyoc Adviser Reynold Luna, Lara Gianan, Dean Zenaida Sarmiento, Chair Evelyn Matchete, Julliene Legaspi, Debinya Buenafe, Elizabeth Perez. From right below: Bhenz Rodriguez, Michaelrey Cainglet, Jocel Bartolay, Kerve Supnet. Photo courtesy by OSS.

tinues through both of its academic and non-academic projects. Academic activities include tutorial services, exhibits, field trips, seminars, publication, lecture-fora, astronomy camp, film showing, contests, research colloquium, and Physics Olympics.

Non-academic activities include Headstart (team building), Physikalan (Outdoor games), amazing race, Mr. and Ms. Physoc (pageant), fun and games, assemblies, talent show and worship services. continued on page 4

PEP 2011 in SMNHS John Paul A. Besagas

Above. Ribbon cutting of physics exhibit at the gym. Middle. Seminar proper with Michelle Gala on Excel. Below. Awarding of winners. Photos contributed.

PHYSOC carried out its extension program entitled Physics Enrichment Program 2011 with theme “Progressing the Aptitude and Interest of High School Students in Learning Physics”, last September 26, 2011 at San Mateo National High School in San Mateo, Rizal. Seminar and Workshop. PEP 2011 included seminar and workshop, physics exhibits, quiz bee, poster and essay writing contests. The program started with the opening remarks by Dr. Vidal F. Mendoza, the principal of SMNHS and ribbon cutting with Physoc and school officials. 49 fourth year students participated in the seminar. Mr. Luna talked about science research. This was followed by a discussion on MS Excel with Ms. Gala, a third year BS Physics student. Then, a lecture on Google Sketch Up and Physics Sketchy was conducted by Ms. Elizabeth B.

Perez, also a BS Physics student. After the forum, workshops on these software were carried out. Exhibit. Physics fair took place in the SMNHS gymnasium and was simultaneous with the seminar. 12 exhibit set-ups showing the concepts and principles of classical mechanics, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetic theory, optics and modern physics were presented to the school principal, teachers and 453 students. Contests. Physics quiz bee, simultaneous with essay writing and poster making contests. Twenty 4th year students joined in the quiz bee. On the other hand, the essay writing and poster making contests were participated by 7 and 11 4th year students, respectively. The theme of the two contests was “Profession, Professionalism and Proficiency in Physics”. continued on page 7.


June—December 2011

PUPians Present Researches in the 29th SPP Congress

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Reynold V. Luna and Ma. Angela B. Faustino BS Physics students presented three researches in the 29th Samahang Pisika ng Pilipinas (SPP) Congress with the theme: “Celebrating New Ideas in Physics” held last October 24 – 26, 2011 at the National Institute of Physics, College of Science, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. The first research is “Fabrication and Characterization of Free-Standing Porous Silicon (PSi)” by Lorenzo P. Lopez Jr. and Kerve M. Supnet. These films are produced when the applied current to the cell is abruptly increased above the critical value. This process leads to smoothing of the bulk Si as the PSi is liftedoff. This research could help in further studies in free-standing Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) and low-reflectance PSi. The second research is “Large area porous silicon based Distributed Bragg Reflectors with tunable peak reflectivity wave-

length” by Mina Rose D. Bagay, Michaelrey Cainglet, and Maria Angela B. Faustino. DBRs are alternating layers of dielectric materials. Due to the tunable refractive indices and thicknesses properties of PSi, it made itself a good material for fabricating DBR. Porosity of a PSi strongly depends on the etching conditions – the applied anodic current and etching time. Now, if the applied current is controlled alternatingly from a power source, refractive indices and thicknesses of each layer is also controlled. The third research is “Fabrication of low reflectance porous silicon with gradient refractive index” by Jemerleene Oxciano, Vanessa Malapit, and Ricky Ampoloquio. These low reflection coatings are used in solar cells to increase its efficiency. As fabricating DBR, we alternate applied current, in ARCs, applied current is lowered in certain time intervals. continued on page 8

Mr. Lopez (Left) and Ms. Faustino (Middle) presenting their SPP posters. (Right) Ms. Oxciano, Ms. Malapit and Mr. Ampoloquio posed with their SPP poster entry. Photo contributed.

PEP 2011... continued from page 6 Winners. Physics Quiz Bee placers were Keziah Amor T. Villar (First), Justine Camille Lorenzo (Second) and Ferdinand L. Sanuco Jr. (Third). The Essay Writing placers were Marjorie B. Andag (First), Marion Balmes (Second) and Karen Claire Flaviano (Third). The Poster Making placers were

Girard Salvador (First), John Ian Santos (Second) and Luigi Arriola (Third). The first placers of each contest were given certificate and medal. Second and third placers received certificate of recognition. The participants of the seminar were given certificates.■

Wet Midyear Assembly Christian Anjo C. Ringor Physoc holds its annual Mid-year Assembly to assess the society’s growth for the first half of the school year and also to discuss issues of the first semester and plans for the coming semester. First Sem Assessment. This year’s assembly was held on October 17, 2011, with the theme “Angry Balls Edition: Expect to be Wet”. It starts off with the assessments of the organization’s activities for the first semester. The officers discussed to the members the breakdown of finances, academic activities, scheduled events and the most Officers presenting accomplishawaited House standings, ments for the first semester of A.Y. wherein the leading group 2011-2012. Photo Contributed is Alpha. 3 idiots. The next itinerary was a film showing organized by our fourth year students. The chosen movie is an Indian film entitled, “Three Idiots”. The film depicts the story of 3 engineering students (the idiots) who are challenged to be the best engineers that they could be, but in the end, instead of being great engineers they become better persons with success chasing them “pants down”. Every student was glued to the movie because of its hilarious sketches and inspirational and motivational lines. We laughed our hearts out in every scene and most were touched and got emotional watching the subtler scenes. At the end of the movie there is no better way than to clap out of appreciation of our new profound sense about education. Angry Balls. After a few hours of break, it was time for the main event of the day. The much anticipated “Angry Balls”. After days of planning it goes down the wire at the PUP-Oval. Each Houses huddled their members and strategized their attacks. Dozens of balloons were watered and all expected themselves to be wet. When everyone was ready, the officers gave the signal and it started. Three minutes of pure exhilarating and wet fun. Most got soaking wet, some got muddy but most defiKate and Jun as they collected the nitely, all enjoyed it. trash produced after the dynamics. continued on page 9 Photo Contributed


July—December 2011

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Luna and Legaspi Participate in 7th PMS Convention Christian Anjo C. Ringor The Philippine Meteorological Society (PMS), Inc. in its mission to promote meteorology as a profession, in coordination with the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Ser vic es Ad m in istr ati o n (PAGASA), conducted its 7th Annual Convention last November 17-18, 2011 at the Bureau of Soil and Water Management Convention Hall in Quezon City. Their theme, "Dots, Isobars and Meteograms: Understanding the Science of Meteorology", presented the evolution of weather forecasting in the world and in the Philippines, the international standards in weather observation, a simplified explanation of the various fields in meteorology and their applications and the current numerical weather prediction techniques. This “back-to-basics” approach will make the science of meteorology understandable and more appealing to non-meteorologists including children and students who will be treated to a half-day of fanfare. Presenters included invited foreign and local experts, scientists, representatives from government and non-government institutions, the academe, users of weather, water and climate information, students and weather enthusiasts. PUP Physics Society were represented by Mr. Reynold V. Luna, Physoc Adviser and DPS Faculty Member, and Ms. Julienne Mae J. Legaspi, BS Physics student. ■

PUPians… continued from page 7 All of these researches have common application: the emerging industry of solar cells. These three published works made it to the Top Ten Best Posters out of 90+ entries of the 29th SPP Congress and were conducted through the supervision of Mr. Rogelio G. Dizon, PUP Physics Instructor together with Mr. Arvin Mabilangan and Dr. Armando Somintac of Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory – National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Diliman. ■

Left. Biodiversity team before they trek the mountain. Right. The team with Aeta guides going to the possible mining site. Photos contributed.

CS Faculty, Physics and Bio students volunteer in Mt. Negron Reynold V. Luna Kalikasan Partylist, AGHAM – Advocates of Science and Technology for the People and IPAMINGWA, a group of concerned citizens of Porac, Pampanga against mining, called for technical assistance from various scientists to provide them information to serve as scientific basis for the possible impacts of mining activities in the ecosystem of Mt. Negron, considering also its effects in the life of indigenous peoples living in the area. In response, Mr. Reynold V. Luna, Physics instructor from the PUP College of Science; seven students from Society of Biology students (SBS) and two students from PUP Physics Society (PhySoc), and two foresters from the Center for Environmental Concerns – Philippines volunteered to form the Biodiversity Assessment Team of the Environmental Investigative Mission. Their task was to generate data about the flora and fauna of Mt. Negron. The mission was held last October 26 – 30, 2011 and composed of courtesy call with municipal mayor, site orienta-

tion , solidarity presentation with the aeta guides, field work, and interview with local media. The team was divided into four groups: (1) Flora, (2) Trees, (3) Fauna and (4) Transect. Line-plot sampling technique was used to assess flora and fauna. Based on the results of the floral diversity assessment particularly in trees, in the secondary and submarginal forests within Mt. Negron they gathered, the more diverse the vegetation, the more diverse the wildlife is and the greater the proportionality of the populations. The presence of wild boar, alamid and eagles show that forests in Mt. Negron are still potential for wildlife habitat. Further degradation and disturbance to the Mt. Negron ecosystem might cease the proliferation of such species. Hence, biodiversity has direct relevance to the sustainability of the ability of the forests to perform the various environmental goods and services crucial to the community of Aeta in Porac. continued on page 9

Left. Biodiversity team at the grassy part of the mountain. Right. Sabrina, BS Biology student and Mila from CEC taking notes of the identified plant and tree species. Photos contributed.


July—December 2011 CS celebrates… continued from page 3 Oxciano placed on the top spot of the poster making contest with the theme: Science the Air We Breathe. Faculty Development. The CS Faculty Club provided an avenue for team building among CS faculty members at Tramway, Shaw Blvd. They had games and prizes for the faculty. Research. Research colloquium headed by Prof. Ofelia Villamor was conducted on the third day of celebration. Faculty researches were presented during the morning session and student researches on the afternoon session. An open forum followed after each session. Science the Air We Breathe. Winning Poster during the CS The week-long celebraWeek illustrated by Ms. Jemeerlene Oxciano. tion of the college was ended by its first CS Got Talent . Students showcased their singing, dancing and playing of instrument talents in the stage of Bulwagang Balagtas, NALLRC. Afterwards, awarding of winners was followed. ■ SMPP … continued from page 5 From the faces of everyone who attended, the conclusion was: the Mid-year Assembly is a success! Stressful days were relieved and sleepless nights were rewarded. Ca-

maraderie and teamwork was achieved and new friendships were developed. At the end of the day, smiles were not just etched on the faces of everyone. ■

Wet Midyear … continued from page 7

CS Faculty … continued from page 8

From the faces of everyone who attended, the conclusion was: the Mid-year Assembly is a success! Stressful days were relieved and sleepless nights were rewarded. Camaraderie and teamwork was achieved and new friendships were developed. ■

Their study will be presented as part of AGHAM’s Mt. Negron Environmental Investigative Mission report in the Provincial Conference on Mining on January 20, 2012 at St. Scholastica’s Academy, San Fernando, Pampanga. ■

Congratulations! Jocel B. Bartolay 2nd Placer - University General Science Quiz Bee

John Carlo N. Elmaguin 3rd Placer - University General Statistics Quiz Bee -From your Physoc Family. We are proud of you!

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PUP Holds GBK Forum Reynold V. Luna Center for Environmental Concerns (CEC) - Philippines, AGHAM and Kalikasan Partylist in cooperation with PUP Junior Agham and PUP Physics Society hold the Gawad Bayani ng Kalikasan LectureForum last December 8, 2011 at PUP Film Center. Objectives. The forum aims to promote aims to promote students’ environmental issue awareness, to give citation to individuals who fought for the environPoster Exhibits of GBK awadees. mental rights, to recognize special activities and initiatives of individuals or organizations which contributes to the stewardship of nature, and to strengthen linkages between sustainable environmental protection and conservation, and citizen’s struggle for societal, economical and political rights. Program. The event was hosted by Ms. Mila Pasion of CEC. Ms Natalie Pulvinar of Agham gave the opening remarks and stated the Participants from CS and CE. critical role of these heroes in protecting the lives and the environment. The were more than 200 participants from College of Science and College of Engineering. Lecture. Datu Monico ItoCayog was the first to share the life of GBK awardee— Datu Tomas Ito, together with Mr. Francis Morales of Datu Monico Ito with Mr. Morales. Panalipdan Southern Mindanao. Michaella Ortega talked about the life of her father GBK awardee—Dr. Gerardo Ortega. Mr. Anthony Arbias, president of Philippine Native Plants Conservation Society, Inc. shared the life and works of botanist Leonard Co. continued on page 10


July—December 2011

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NEWS

PhySoc Goes to PNRI Ron Louie G. Palacio

Thesis Proposal Held Ron Louie G. Palacio

The

PUP Physics Society assisted the senior students on their thesis proposal activity last September 2011 at S514, PUP Main Building. Senior students who are enrolled at their Physics Research I under thesis coordinator Mr. Rogelio G. Dizon conducted their thesis proposal to ensure the feasibility of their research study. Panel from the College of Science – Department of Physical Sciences also attended the event to screen and to improve the presenter’s work. The whole PUP Physics faculty screened carefully every aspect and details of presented thesis proposals. Some of their inspected works needs improvement but most requires polishing of paper works. Most of the senior students started their thesis last June 2011; but in the case of semiconductor group started their thesis on their On-Job-Training. On March 2012, the students will face the panel again for their final thesis defense. ■ Seniors with Dr. De Vero (second from left) and Mr. Madridejos (third from left).

SMPP holds Physiklaban 2011 John Paul A. Besagas

Samahang Mag-aaral sa Pagpapaunlad ng Pisika carried out its Physiklaban at the Ateneo de Manila University last December 3, 2011. It was participated by 50 teams from its member organizations, University of the Philippines Physics Association, Far Eastern University—East Asia College Physics Society, Ateneo de Manila League of Physics Students, University of Sto. Tomas Applied Physics Society, Philippine Normal University Society for the Advancement of Physics Education, De La Salla University Physics Society, Physics Society of Adamson University, and the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Physics Society. Physiklaban 2011 consisted of two parts, the elimination round and main round. In the first part, participants were given one-hour written examination composed of 50 multiple choice physics questions. The top ten teams proceeded to next round continued on page 11

Quezon City—the PUP Physics Society went to the Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST – PNRI) last December 7, 2011 in regard with the celebration of 39th Atomic Energy Week (AEW) with the theme Nuclear Energy: Challenges and Opportunities. The AEW was held from December 5 to 9 at the whole PNRI compound showcasing nuclear science exhibits, seminars and equipment demonstration. As the theme implies there is a big challenge on the state of nuclear energy manifestation in the country: people neglect this idea because of fear against nuclear technology; moreover there is also big opportunities that we will benefit when we engage in this field. To name a few, part of the exhibit is plant mutation by radiation which will improve their quality; another is tools that will determine your safety against radiation and a tool to clean products against harmful infections through their cobalt-60 facility. At the end of every tour, a question and answer forum is mandated by the PNRI researchers and students who answered correctly won a prize. The PNRI said on their webpage, “The annual AEW celebration, as mandated under Presidential Proclamation No. 1211 in

1973, aims to generate awareness of the Filipino people on the beneficial uses of nuclear science and technology in food and agriculture, health and medicine, industry, energy, and the environment.” Surely this annual celebration will be attended again by future physicist of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. ■

BS Physics students as they tour the PNRI laboratories and exhibit rooms. (Top) Agriculture and plant irradiation section. (Middle) Applied Physics Research unit and (Bottom) Administration Building hall exhibit. Photos contributed.

PUP holds... continued from page 9 Forum. Ms. Pasion Facilitated the forum. Questions from the audience addressed to speakers focused on the updates regarding the environmental battles they started as well as efforts to protect the environment. Students have shared they insight too.

John Paul A. Besagas, Physoc Academic Chairperson, gave his response in behalf of PUP community as he closed the program. He stated that the awardees’ efforts were not wasted and their calls for support and action for environment protection was accepted. ■


July—December 2011

Christmas Party Celebrated Marie Chona Garcia

NEWS

11

Another Christmas Party celebration of the PUP Physics Society headed by Mr. Jonathan Guste was held last Dec 17. 2011 at room E611 of PUP Main Building from 8:30 AM—3:00 PM with the theme: “ Proceeding Towards the State of Maximum Energy and Fun”. Opening. The event was participated by all the physics Society members from all year levels. It was formally opened by Mr. Reynold V. Luna, the adviser of the society. He emphasized that Christmas is about remembering the birth of the Messiah and this birth means loving, forgiving and sharing. Presentations. Selected students from each year level showed their talents in dancing and singing. The fourth year students gave their best in singing while dancing. Another performances came from the first year students. Some of the students formed a band while others created dancing routines and playing of instruments. Last presentation was given by third year students Seniors preparing in the stage for their intermission number. Photo contributed. with their song number. Games. After the presentation of members, different games prepared by the committee was played. Softdrink drinking race test the stomach of the contestants while being blindfolded. Finding partners was challenged as they are allowed only to produce distint sounds to detect the location of their behalf. String test determines how prepared the participants in following instructions from the crowd. And food relay surprises the contestants what food they Fun and games. Photo contributed. are about to finish. Partake. As time passed and everyone got fired and hungry, altogether, they ate and shared the foods prepared and served by each year level. Gift Giving. Before the party ends, exchanged of gifts was held. This was facilitated by the officers. Everyone also received a gift from the society. Indeed, the party is not only about the things they received but mostly of the joy and bonding they

SMPP holds ... continued from page 11 of competition. On the second half, the top ten teams in the elimination round qualified to join the main round. The top two places was bagged by University of the Philippines and the third place was achieved by Ateneo team. Two teams from PUP placed fifth and sixth spot. ■

What Physicists Think…. Here what physics students said about “Professionalism, Progression and Passion in Physics”: Let the best in you come out in being part of the challenging world of physics—Yeah Have the aspiration to bring out the scientist in you. It is having the full faith which we have, SECOND TO NONE.— Smile Develop, practice, share. Little by little, we can contribute in the society through Physics.—Pak These are the best ingredients a student must possess.— AvengeSevenfold_12 Physics as one of the greatest achievement of human continuously gave us better understanding of the universe and promising applications for better living. It all requires wholehearted effort to continue the gift of reason—owl Pursuing physics with a burning desire will open up a paradigm of endless possibilities—seraphxian Make reading physics books a habit and reading physics journals a custom. Take research as a culture. Live life with joy and excellence.—brightmoon12

Physoc General Plan Of Activities for January to March 2012 -JanuaryPhilippine Science Centrum Field Trip | Physoc Election -FebruaryAstrocamp | Seminar in Astrophysics | Amazing Race Tree Planting | Lecture Series | NIP Open House Physics Days -MarchLecture in Basic Instrumentation and Metrology Year-End Assembly | Fun and Games


July—December 2011

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EDITORIAL

Beyond the Boundaries Mr. Reynold V. Luna

A BETTER OPTION

EDITORIAL

Physics Research Group Revival “Advancing physics research and education in the Philippines” is the aim of the Physics Research Group (PRG) —Philippines. It was founded in 2005 in Mindanao Polytechnic State College by Mr. Kim A. Gargar, Physics Department chairperson in the said school. In 2006, Mr. Gargar entered Polytechnic University of the Philippines as physics instructor. In that time, he established the PRG– PUP Chapter. The group was composed of interested BS Physics students at the time. The members of PRG conducted researches focused in theoretical and instrumentation physics. They had activities like week discussion on special topics in their field of interest. These are in preparation of the students’ undergraduate researches. These topics are self funded and do not require expensive and sophisticated physics laboratory. These researches do not rely on other academic and government institutions research facilities and expertise. Six out of nine theses topics that academic year are introduced by PRG. Unfortunately in 2007, Mr. Gargar leaved PUP and took a better opportunity in other academic institution. Because of that the activities of PRG in our university came to a halt. It is necessary to revive PRG. The activities of the group will help students especially those taking physics courses to learn and master physics especially theoretical and instrumentation physics. It is a must for a student to learn theoretical physics because this is the backbone, the foundation of other fields in physics. Moreover, having an exposure to instrumentation physics is necessary especially to PUP BS Physics students. In PUP, the laboratory apparatus were insufficient. Learning instrumentation physics and conducting research in it will help the university to have enough and highly sophisticated instruments and devices. PRG is the students and faculty’s initiative to upgrade the quality of learning in the university. It is a reinforcement, an extension of service to its own community that requires new vision, new aspirations and new leaders of university. It is a group which trains students to value the research culture. PRG will help not only PUP but also our country. The quality of research in a certain country depends on the number of researches published locally and internationally. Having a research group like PRG and developing more researchers will improve the state of science and technology in Philippines. ■

Trends in technology swiftly change. In early 2000, personal computers and cellular phones are popularly purchased but now there are new innovations of this devices with less electricity consumption, longer battery life, smaller in size, lighter in weight, more functionality and had better design in which consumers are into. This is a proof that the patronage of a person to a particular gadget is endless. In the world of arts, your next masterpiece is better than your previous art. This is what we observe science and technology. To achieve this, we need to research. At first, these devices are just products of creative imaginations of some who were not afraid to exploit their imagination. Discover to find out information that was not previously known, invent to be the first to think of, make, or use of something, and create to bring something into existence are the primary tasks of a researcher. These were observed among progressive persons passionate to improve the quality of our lives. The Philippines has a low number of pools of researchers resulting low output in international scientific publication. The government allotted 0.22% of its national budget on science and technology research. This is less than one-fourth of the budget allocation standard set by UN to Research and Development. Researchers cannot proceed without the support of the government. According to Sen. Richard Gordon, we must prioritize science and technology to achieve the same societal and economic development of European countries. Research is an edifice for progress. Philippines shall have research culture. David Gross , 2004 Nobel Laureate in Physics, said: “If a country neglects basic research it is doomed to be always a follower and not a leader, and it will lose its most talented young scientists who will go elsewhere. Healthy science is like a healthy tree: you cannot destroy the roots and hope that the branches will flourish.” The end product of research is worthy. Laying it in the country’s culture will be its primary key to stand and rely on its own resources. Research has been the secret to Japan’s reclaiming of position to improve its economy after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. Its government’s initiative to invest on its scientists and technologists The government shall follow the initiative of Japan. Prioritizing research is a better investment. Invest on people’s creativity and provide industry which will support the basic need of the people. This is a win-win solution. ■


July—December 2011

Perspectives Dr. Edgardo A. Latoza

PERCEPTIONS ON SOME PROVISIONS ON 2007 PUP REVISED STUDENT HANDBOOK A student handbook is a must for all educational institutions. It guides the students on how to cope with the requirements of the university in all areas of learning and in the process ensures their total development. The handbook makes the students aware of their rights and privileges as well as of their responsibilities. The PUP student handbook is a product of conscientious deliberations of the University Committee created for the purpose. The provisions are well-thought of and have passed through the scrutiny of the university officials and other members of the PUP community resulting in fair and student-centered document. However, the abrupt changes occurring in society might have affected the validity of the provisions on this 2007 student handbook, thus, the following perceptions on the pinpointed provisions: Section 2 – Social Norms Social norms are the rules that students need to observe to exhibit appropriate values and behavior at all times, whether in or out of the university. Learning is measured not only on the intellectual improvement but on the social aspect as well. Going over the provisions one by one, I find them still viable and acceptable. They present the values and practices expected from students. However, I would like to give a second thought on item 2.6 which is on smoking. It is a common knowledge that smoking is not good for the health, so why not disallow smoking inside the campus with no exception. It might be a harsh policy but later on the effort will pay off economy-wise, but more importantly, health-wise. Section 8 – Attendance Attending classes regularly will redound to better learning. It means acquisition of more knowledge and skills because the student who is present in class all the time can interact with his classmates and professors. Every minute spent with these people matters. To be absent is to be deprived of the much needed learning and training. This learning is his passport to success. The provisions on the PUP student handbook on this concern are well-explained and seriously considering them will be beneficial to the students. They develop in the students a sense of responsibility for they are obliged to do their tasks as required and needed and they are answerable for their performance. Section 9 – Grading System It is the responsibility of the university to be transparent in rating the students’ performance. This means explaining to them how their grades are computed. Honest to goodness and fair grades the students will get in every subject they are enrolled in symbolize the reward for their achievements. The fair grades they receive will inspire them to perform better and develop in them self-esteem. The PUP grading system has been clearly explained in this section. The provisions are clear and implementable. Inclusion of the percentage for every activity can be considered during the updating process. Section 10 – Removal of Incomplete Grade Getting incomplete grades is not far from happening. This can be attributed to a number of factors which might be beyond the students’ control such as absence due to illness and the like. What matters is that the students are briefed at the start of the course. Section 11 – Integration Period and Examination Giving students one day or two days to review for the final examination will lessen the tension on the part of these students. This will enable them also to have personalized time to consult their professors on areas they need more clarifications and/or explanations. The PUP recognizes the value of providing students integration period before the final examination. This reality is very evident in the simple and understandable provisions on the 2007 PUP Revised Student Handbook. ■

OPINION

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At a Glance Leonard R. Baguio

OF FAITH AND ATHEISM "I do not believe in a personal God and I have never denied this but have expressed it clearly. If something is in me which can be called religious, then it is the unbounded admiration for the structure of the world so far as our science can reveal it." (Albert Einstein, 1954) Few among us would listen to an atheist; in fact, most of us do not even want to talk to someone whose life is not based on something spiritual. Most of the time we ridicule those people who do not believe in a Personal God. But the current trend, not only in the Communist part of the world, but to the scientific field as well, shows that there is an increasing number of people who do not really believe in God, expressed implicitly. Take for example what happened to me when I openly expressed my disbelief in God. I received messages, mostly from those people who do not even know me personally, saying that everything's not that late for me to retract my statements. Some even went to the extent of calling me inappropriate names. And, well, for me that's irony to the extreme. Because I think, God wouldn't even want His servants to be haters, isn't it? Now before discussing atheism directly, I want to make some preliminary comments that are quite important, because unless one understand my general philosophical approach, I don't think you'll understand my approach to atheism. If there's one major intellectual problem facing us today, I would say it's the credulity crisis. Or, to put it more bluntly, I would say that we're plagued with a blight of gullibility. It never ceases to amaze me how people are willing to accept these beliefs not only without supporting evidence, but often times in the face of conflicting evidence. Irrationalism, by which I mean ignorant disregard or disrespect for reason, is still going strong. So, while we may say, that some traditional religions seem to be on the decline and have been for some time, irrationalism continues to rear its ugly head, whether it's in the form of occultism, Eastern mysticism, demonic possession movies, and even some psychological fad groups which are closer to religious cults than to any legitimate psychology. Now, what accounts for this resurgence of irrationalism? Well, there are undoubtedly many factors involved, but certainly one of the most significant is the inability or unwillingness on the part of many, many people to reason well. Most people do not know how to think critically beyond a very rudimentary level. So make no mistake about it: you are born with the capacity to reason. To reason. Proper reasoning must be learned and practiced. The only choice you have here is whether or not you're going to make your standards of knowledge explicit, whether you're going to be aware of what they are, as contrasted with simply accepting them as some sort of osmosis from a culture or whatever people tell you. We must know facts; we must know something about the world before we can determine anything about what is of value to you in the world. Thus, knowledge is indispensable to our very survival. And it's only through our reason, through our power of conceptual thought, that we can apply our knowledge. Then, if your standard of reasoning reached an erring conclusion, stick to it. That's belief and faith. ■ [The writer believes that logical arguments dispute the legality of Good Cause. An online blogger, he regularly updates his blogsite, www.stupidaddbotz.i.ph and is an active member of different inter-university communities.]


July—December 2011

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FEATURES

CHED Assesses PUP-CS BS Physics Program Dr. Evelyn M. Matchete September 19, 2011 was a ics program in the country. very significant day for the There are 26 universities College of Science. Members (public and private) offering of CHED Technical Panel for undergraduate and graduate Physics Program Dr. Maricor programs in Physics. Soriano and Dr. Robert The team together Roleda, together with CHED with the College of Science representatives Ma. Wilma R. officials paid a courtesy visit to Gabrillo and Margarita B. Pa- the office of the Vice Presiciente, assessed the operation dent for Academic Affairs, of the College of Science Phys- before they verified the colics Program. lect ed The objectives … given the proper support data reof the assessflected in from the administration ment activity is the survey PUP BS Physics Program to create an instruhas strong potential for accurate picment for becoming one of the best in ture of the physics. Physics pro- the country. They visgram in the ited the country in light of CMO No. 20 different facilities specifically S. 2007 “Policies and Stan- the furnace room where BS dards for the BS Physics and in Physics students conduct their BS in Applied Physics and research on superconductor other relevant CMOs regard- materials. They interviewed ing the offering of the gradu- students and were able to ate degree programs and in observe informally many view of rationalizing the phys- classes that are going on as After… continued from page 17

the wire. This, in turn, creates a resistance to the original flow of charge flowing down the On your right would be a build wire. up of negative In the charges. Since eighties people these charges noticed that are only sepathis Hall Resisrated by a contance, at low ductor - the wire temperatures - they're not and high magreally separated netic fields in at all. They cretwo dimenate a current sions, hit ceracross the wire, tain consistent as the electrons levels. It drops rush over to the directly bepositive side of tween these

CHED Technical Panel Interview with CS Officials and BS Physics Faculty .

they passed by the classrooms. They also interviewed four faculty members who are teaching major physics subjects: Dr. Jeffrey C. De Vero , Doctor of Philosophy in Physics, Mr.. Rogelio G. Dizon, MS Material Science Engineering and Mr. Ruben Madridejos, MS Geophysics, and Mr. Reynold V. Luna, who is pursuing MS Applied Physics major in Medical Physics. The Dean of the College of Science, Dr. Zenaida R. Sarmiento, and the chairperson of the Department of Physical Sciences, Dr. Evelyn M. Matchete were also interviewed. Comments and suggestions regarding the visit plateaux, and those are measurable. Hall resistance is equal to h/(ie^2). The 'i' is a random integer. This equation has both the constant h and the constant e in it, allowing scientists to measure both to a high degree of accuracy. We may be able to measure it to higher degrees of accuracy - right now we have a disgraceful uncertainty of 86 parts per trillion but it can't change itself. And at last, both the amp and the kilogram may both be safe for future generations. Reference: IOP Science

were discussed by the team with CS officials and the Vice President for Academic Affairs. The team commended that PUP BS Physics Program has very good faculty, a good number of highly motivated students and dedicated alumni. They also found out that its graduates have gone on to a higher degree or have been absorbed by industry, government research institutes, and other academic institutions. They concluded that given the proper support from the administration PUP BS Physics Program has strong potential for becoming one of the best in the country. ■ Two Faces… continued from page 17 they can do (to be still a human) is make an art. History tells us why they are inside: Inside of the rat-race-wheel or inside the jail. Many of them are naïve, some are innocent, some are helpless and some are still longing for change. They seem so helpless in their case. But what is the goal of the exhibit? It is simply to show the true faces of the world.■


July—December 2011

The Hokage of Physics in PUP

FEATURES

John Paul A. Besagas Einstein, simple, genius, physics master – these are words attributed to Mr. Ruben Madridejos or Sir Madri. He is a long-haired and beard physics faculty member in the Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science in Polytechnic University of the Philippines. He is known for his excellence in physics more particularly in theoretical physics that even Mr. Jeffrey C. De Vero, also a physics faculty in the said department treated Sir Madri as the hokage or father of physics in PUP. But who actually Sir Madri is? Professional Studies. In 1973, Mr. Ruben Madridejos took Bachelor of Science in Physics in University of the Philippines Diliman, QC. He achieved cum laude as he completed his bachelor’s degree. In 1985, Sir Madri went to Berlin Germany and took Master of Science in Geophysics. He said that his study in there was free because it was state funded. In the first place, he studied German language for six months. Also during that time, he worked in Berlin for 5 months as construction worker and janitor. The salary that he would get in his work would sustain his study and everyday needs in the said country. It took him 10 years to complete his MS in Geophysics. He went back to Philippines in 1998. In that time, he applied

Left. Sir Madri preparing his things in the CS Faculty room. Middle. Sir Madri lecturing on his physics class. Right. BS Physics class picture with Sir Madri.

in the Bureau of Mines as well Now, Sir Madri still as in PUP as physics instructor. teaches subjects in physics But he was accepted first in such as theoretical mechanics, PUP. Therefore he became statistical physics, computa-

instructor in PUP. Physics Instructor. It was in the right time when he entered in PUP as physics instructor. Sir Madri was the only one in the faculty of College of Science who taught physics because most instructors of physics were engineers. Furthermore, the Bachelor of Science in Physics program was established. He had able to teach the first batch of BS Physics students in PUP.

tional physics and college physics. But actually he is able to teach all subjects of physics in the BS Physics curriculum and in other curricula. This is one that makes Sir Madri amazing. Physics as Passion. Sir Madri is very well attached to physics. It is no doubt why did he choose physics in his study and in his work as an instructor. He said that during his study in high school, he really had high interest in physics

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that’s why he had chosen it. What about his students? Most of BS Physics students were glad and thankful to have Sir Madri as their instructor in physics. I had interviewed some of his students. Ms Karen Penetrante of BS Physics 3-1 said “mabait si Sir Madri at talagang napakagaling sa pagtuturo ng physics”. Ms. Louie Jane Rico, also a BS Physics 3-1 student said “magaling magturo si Sir Madri. Nakakatuwa kasi sobrang patient niya at halos detalyado niyang ipinapaliwanag lahat”. What about his coinstructors? Mr. Reynold V. Luna, Mr. Rogelio G. Dizon, Mr. Jeffrey C. De Vero and Mr. Lean L. Dasallas were also students of Sir Madri when they were BS Physics students in PUP. Like his current students, they were grateful that they had an opportunity to have Sir Madri as their teacher and co-instructor. Mr. Luna said “Kung wala si Sir Madri, wala kami sa kung ano kami ngayon at kaya ganun at ganun na lamang ang pasasalamat ko sa kanya”. I am also thankful that I have met Sir Madri. I learned so many things from him especially in physics. He is also one that had inspired me to pursue theoretical physics in my onthe-job training this summer as well as in my MS and Ph. D. in Physics study. continued on page 17


July—December 2011

16

FEATURES

zamandayolculuk.com You can consider a year or two wasted when you chose to shift to another course. You can never “talk back” what Ma. Angela B. Faustino you said, “ctrl +z or undo” what you did, “take back” what you just lost, the probTime has always been an issue: may it ability to have it again is called a be in your career, relationships, health, “miracle”. decisions, and etcetera. You can always Speaking of believing the impredict in what area you would be suc- possible, Einstein did. And most of the cessful, the thing where you invest your time, people who tried and explored time more. As Rick Warren quoted in something new one of his books, “To are the ones who spell love is T-I-M-E”. discover great We will always be the ones We can judge what a things. In 1916, who will determine how person loves in where his work on the fast or slow we live our he spends much of his general theory of time. If someone lives are, how we will use relativity was pubspends time in sleeping our time according to our lished, which remore than 10 hours own values and convictions. lated gravity to regularly, then he loves the structure of sleeping and will not space and time. get much of his time Let’s talk about a little of this theory. For living his life productively. the next few paragraphs, let’s talk a lit“Laging nasa huli ang pagsisisi” tle physics. – this is what my parents keep telling Einstein was an unknown 25me as I grow up. You can never go back year old clerk in Swiss patent office until in time, you cannot redeem the time he published papers on: Brownian moyou spent watching a 2 – hour movie tion, photoelectric effect and an introwhen you’re having an exam three days duction of the special theory of relativfrom now. You can never take back an ity. In which the third one made reviUNO when you already had your TRES in sions of the Newtonian concepts of your SIS (student’s database) account. space and time. Relativity connects

TIME AS WE KNOW IT

space and time. Time dilation is the effect wherein an object is observed in the same reference frame and another to an another reference frame, and gives interval as it was observed, and is always longer than the proper time an event happened. To “dilate” means to enlarge. Time dilation is given by

where t0 is the proper time, t the time interval on clock in motion relative to an observer, v as the speed of relative motion, and c the speed of light. The terms will justify its meaning, such as “proper”, “dilate”, and “relative”. This is physics. This physics is something we use our imagination with. Recall in our flooding areas wherein we stand at rest and focused our eyes on the flowing water. After some time, we can “imagine” that we are the one moving and the flood not flowing at all. This is an easy illustration of relativity. Either you are at rest and something is moving or you are moving and something you observe is at rest depending upon what you consider. continued on page 17


July—December 2011

The Two Faces of the Thousands of Faces Ron Louie G. Palacio

Artists have the unique way to express their ideas and aspirations in their life. They may portray a very vague or obscure view of nature or they may portray a so loving or flamboyant picture of life. Indeed their imagination is priceless, their hands are powerful, and their minds are captivating. An art exhibit was held at Gateway Cubao, Quezon City exposed several personas: a group of poor children and prisoners longing for liberty. Wondering how the organizers came up with the theme, I asked the person in charge if there is relationship between the two. He then answered, if you think carefully you’ll find one. The first group is a scope of children playing near a mountain of garbage, people used to live near the dumpsite, and other who are engaged daily in trash. They may say, “your trash is my treasure.” Their endeavor in life is absolute because of their smile that shines beneath a dark cloud. The exhibit let me reminisce the song I interpreted in my junior year

In high school. Itanong mo sa mga bata by Asin tells me that we should never stop dreaming, our imagination is the limit, and children are ideal model because of their awareness in life. The next group of artworks is from prisoners. Bloodshed, barbed wire, activism and revolt, jail and persons in the jail are the common interesting features of their masterpieces. What does it mean? It is simply about their struggles inside the little wall blocking their ability to further get along with nature and the only thing continued on page 14

Time as… continued from page 16

The Hokage… continued from page 15

How can we relate this in our practical lives? Things are relative. It is as how you view and see things and events happen in your life. It is also different for different observers, the people around you, they judge according to what they observe. We will always be the ones who will determine how fast or slow we live our lives are, how we will use our time according to our own values and convictions. Plan ahead and we can live with the pressure of time, or do nothing and you are controlled by time. Don’t let it happen that you wake up one day realizing how fast time went by and regret things you did not try for the good. ■

I remembered the day when all of the members of PUP Physics Society celebrated his birthday. He was very happy and surprised. We ask him about his advice to BS Physics students and he said “mag-aral kayo ng mabuti para magtagumpay kayo”. To the graduating students of physics, he said “ang wish ko grumaduate kayong lahat”. At the end of the birthday bash, we had pictorial with him and after that he said “pahingi ako ng kopya ng pictures ha”. Sir Madri really likes pictures. Sir Madri is just a simple guy but he had a great mind. He is a person with good principles not just in physics but in everyday life. He had done so many things that helped his students as well as the PUP BS Physics program and the PUP Physics Society. Indeed, he is the hokage of physics in PUP. ■

References: A. Beiser, “Concepts of Modern Physics”, 6th Ed, McGraw-Hill Education, Asia, 2003. Young and Freedman, University Physics 12th Ed,, Addison Wesley, 2008.

FEATURES

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Kilogram After Decades of Research Debbie Velasquez Measuring systems are almost always arbitrary - even the orderly metric system is chopped up into random little pieces we call grams, kilograms, and tons. With the increased need for precision, it's necessary that everyone use the same random unit of mass for a kilogram. After a Nobel winning discovery, and decades of tireless research, scientists have managed to pin down a kilogram and an ampere. In order to get everyone on the same page, mass-wise, people have to be able to use measuring units that are the same wherever they go. They also need to be able to use units that won't degrade over time. This is a tough thing to do, and so far people haven't managed it with a kilogram. The standard kilogram, used by every company and institution serious about measuring things, is a lump of platinum-iridium. That lump, although it's being carefully maintained, is vulnerable to damage, loss, or general degradation over time. In order to measure a kilogram again and again, no matter what, it has to be tied to universal constants. A Plank mass is a unit of mass defined by Planck's constant, h, the speed of light, and the gravitational constant. Two of those are already universal constants, but one, Planck's constant, is tied to another constant, e. This is the charge of an electron. The charge of an electron could be measured in amperes - unfortunately we don't have a universal constant that can help us define the ampere. There is one phenomenon, the Quantum Hall Effect, that relates one of these constants to the other. It can help determine both as always constant, and set up a universal standard for both the amp and the kilogram. The Hall Effect is simple. First run a charge through a wire - imagine the wire running directly away from the center of your body. Then they apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the charge imagine it radiating up and down. When this happens, a Voltage builds up on either side of the electric flow. So on your left side there would be an abundance of positive charges. continued on page 14


July—December 2011

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LITERARY WHERE DO I FIND MYSELF AFTER TEN YEARS? Marie Chona P. Garcia

I believe that every person has different mission in their lives. When we were asked with the question ‘where do you find yourself after ten years?’ different answers will surely arise from each one of us. One will say she is in other country working there and fortunately living there. Other may answer they are by then successful with their chosen field, have already their dream house where they stay with their family. Positive answers are the common response in this question and I rarely hear a negative or uncertain reply. Pessimistic person answers this with a question stated as ‘How can I answer that, if I myself do not know the reason why I live?’ or sometimes ‘Do I still exist within those years?’ and sometimes I have to admit I am one of them. If I were to ask where I find myself after ten years, quick response, I will

SCHIZ OPHRENIA Leonard R. Baguio He waits outside the polished gates, Of marbled floors and ivory doors. He lurks and hides beneath those bricks Of loosing faith. His footsteps are well-hidden; Not a single whip of a dreary air breaks the spell. His eyes of loose capillaries, Those sockets of a determined fate. He laughs, a long, wicked laugh, Until the grumbling sound of thunder Fades it away. In awe he stands, Outside his home, unaware, Of what he became. The dreary rain washed his plans away, And nothing left but a stale bread To tell his vicious tale.

Ang Wikang Filipino ay Wikang Panlahat, Ilaw at Lakas sa Tuwid na Landas Jayson Almario Ito na naman ako, bibida sa lahat. Daig ko pa si PNoy, sa aking kasikatan. Pati ang madlang people ay di makaligtas, Siguradong ako'y makakapuntos. Ako nga pala si Filipino, ang wika nyong lahat!

say that I can see myself working in a laboratory using the knowledge gained in my chosen field , living in my own house with my family. But, thinking this twice, my answer will surely change and it will be, “I don’t know.” This doesn’t mean that I Taong 1937 nang ako'y ipinanganak don’t have any plans for my future at all; Hindi bilang Filipino, ngunit bilang Tagait’s just that I still can’t say what or where I log. am by that time. I may doubt of what I can Hindi naglaon, ako'y naging Filipino. do now, however, the love, trust and enButi na lang at wala pang NSO. couragement given by my family and Malamang sa malamang, butas na ang friends are enough for me to say that I will bulsa ko. succeed after ten years and no matter Mapaltan ang pangalan ko what happen in the future, I know that it has its own reason and I trust God that it is Ako, Ikaw, tayo at sila! for my best. Wikang Filipino ang sa ati’y nangunWhatever answer we have for guna! this question, whether we are being pessiKwentuhan, halakhakan, tsismisan at mist or optimist, no one is in the right posisabungan, tion to judge us except Him. No one knows Pati SONA ng pangulo, ako ang bucontinued on page 19 mibida! Di ba’t sapul ang madlang people, pag True Time Machines ako ang gamit ni PNoy? Mark Genesis B. Santos Kung ang ina ay ilaw ng tahanan Ako naman ang sa ating bayan . We always wanted to travel back in time Magbibigay liwanag sa isang kapatiran To change the past or solve a crime At bubuo ng isang pangalan But it is said than none can change his fate Para sa pangkalahatan. And for everything its is never too late. Our yesterday seems to be our history, Recorded events are flashed in our memories. Some may bring a smile for it is said to be happy, And some may bring sorrow and you’ll see yourself in misery. Tomorrow is still a mystery to be solved, Numbers we count and ask how old, And paths that are meant to be followed. Seems to be a puzzle we still need to hold. Remember , we create our time machines, That allows us to add or delete a scene. Memories, from the past are carried back, And dreams makes our future be locked.

Isang bansang may tatlong pulo. Tatlong pulo na may iba’t-ibang wika. Isang daan at pitumpo’t limang wika ang sa bansa’y angkin. Sa daming wika, malayo tayong magkaunawaan. Kaya ako’y naririrto, buong-buong magpapagamit, Hindi ng katawan ngunit ng aking diwa Ako ag sumasalamin sa lahing Pilipino. Pinag-iisa ang layunin ng bawat tanan, Magbibigay taglaw, magkakaron ng pagkakakilanlan. At dahil sa akin tayo’y magiging isa. Isang bansang matatag sa matwid na landas.


July—December 2011 SCIENCE and...

LITERARY

Marie Chona P. Garcia Everything around us solid, liquid and gas Something that has pressure and mass Basically we call them matter Which is the world’s composer. Chemicals, animals, plants and trees Rocks, clouds, planets and galaxies, Lighting, thunder and even the weather In one subject all of these we can encounter. Botany, Zoology and Ecology Physics, Astronomy and Chemistry Studying these may bring you in pain Yet after that it is a total gain. Science, most of the time is ignore Not knowing that here they can explore. In this world full of mystery All we need is a brain of curiosity. Learning science is so cool Discovering things makes us whole. Relative thinking must be adapted For this can help in being science committed.

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*THE LAMP* Anonymous We talk to God everytime we pray, We do it every night and day. God always listen to what we plea, from dusk to dawn he will light the way. People fear the bad days, but seek the good times. Without the Lord life is painful, full of challenges, full of doubts. Never be troubled, look up, Take out the fear, Take in the faith, Let go, let God. Open your hearts for the Lord, He will teach you how to change your tears into smiles. some things are hard to accept, Look on the bright side, follow Him.

One Clique! Nerissa M. De Guzman Physics! Most of us say its Difficult! Yes, indeed it is! It makes our mind go crazy! It’s everywhere. What if it’s the course you’re taking up? As future physicist you must have the passion to learn and to excel. You must challenge yourself in answering difficult problem sets. Through all this hardships, consider the people around you, the society or the company of friends you can’t even remember where you’ve all started. Physics society is a blessing. A blessing because its not just a society but a family. Physics society provides exciting activities for its members in order for them to learn the value of teamwork and leadership. Together as one, we build our goals, we give our best in every thing we do...We work as a TEAM (Together Everyone Achieves More). Helping each other not only to grow academically but also to grow spiritually. With the Lord as the center of our society, we show love and care for each other as brothers and sisters. Likewise, having the essence of stewardship in the hearts of our Physics society adviser and officers, our society was chosen as one of the most outstanding societies in PUP. Driven by genuine commitment and passion to excel, PUP Physics society is now on its journey towards a wider horizon as it climbs the peak of excellence. To be able to compete in this rapidly changing modernized world, the society is now undergoing significant preparations for accreditation. Amidst all the academic pressures, social issues and stressful days brought to us by what we know as the torture chamber called school, we never give up... we never bid farewell in achieving our goals. ■

Where do... continued from page 18 what will tomorrow bring, people have plans but most of the time unexpected things come their way which then result to somehow change in their plans. Remember that plans without actions are just dreams yet know that when you plan, bear in mind that nothing in this world is constant, everything may change and fade through time. Just do your part in your plans and be humble enough to accept wherever you find yourself after ten years. ■

Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better. -Albert Einstein


July—December 2011

20

RESEARCHES

Technical and Analytical Skills of Sophomore BS Physics Students in Basic Electronics Honeyleen Laggui, Julienne Mae Legaspi and Rheymar Morales

Measuring Voltage using CRO Dharell Balonzo and Noel Alvin Orias In our life today, we depend on electricity to operate all electronic devices and most of these are powered by an AC signal. The main reasons for the wide use of the AC signal are lower cost of both production and transmission, and convenience of distribution. This study focuses on measuring the voltage of a circuit using a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). The CRO is a tool for acquiring a signal voltage from a testing circuit. It allows to see the signal voltage in two-dimensional graph with y-axis, plotted as a function of time, and x-axis as the voltage, because it set the signals at different points in the circuit.

Many studies show that the number of students that take Physics as their major course is decreasing throughout the world. One example is South Africa, where they are competing for such small number of students enrolled in the Physics course. In Polytechnic University of the Philippines, the students enrolled under the BS Physics program are so small compared to other courses. In fact, in the school year 2011-2012, there are only 176 students enrolled in the program. These students will then undergo an exponential decay as they advance to higher year levels. Physical Electronics is one of the subjects of Physics majors. In PUP, this subject is taken when a student steps on the 2nd year level. In studying basic electronics, most of the students are experiencing a hard time in understanding the lesson. It is because the subject does not only require technical ability but also analytical skill of the students. Due to this, the researchers conducted a study about

the technical ability and analytical skill of the 2nd year BS Physics students of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. This study demonstrates the proficiency level, both analytical skill and technical ability, of these students on handling a conducting set and enclosing the concepts of series and parallel circuits. A descriptive design was used in the study using a questionnaire as a survey instrument. The questionnaire includes both analytical and technical questions which determine the student’s proficiency level. The respondents were from the regular 2nd year BS Physics students enrolled in the school year 2011-2012. They are students who have not yet taken their Physical Electronics subject. A pre-test, composed of 10 analytic questions and 10 technical questions, was distributed to the respondents. After 30 minutes of exam, data were collected and then interpreted by the researcher. In the analytic part of the exam, 36.36% (4 out of 11) of the respondents belong to continued on page 21

Magnetic Field in a Cylindrical Iron Wire A. Bendal, S. Cordura, and Y. Rola

You might wonder why it is necessary to use a CRO to measure the voltage of a circuit, when there is a voltmeter that is handy, portable and gives instant result. Unlike voltmeter, CRO shows a wave graph that is analyzed to get the voltage magnitude of a sample circuit, the consequence of using CRO is it has many things to consider like it is a bigger tool that is spacious, the making of its set-up is a little time consuming, and operating the oscilloscope takes a little extra knowledge about using the device, and its procedures takes extra effort because: first you must make a series circuit, connect it to the oscilloscope and operate the oscilloscope, analyze the tabulated data and calculate the peak to peak voltage, period, frequency, and the amplitude voltage. The voltage magnitude calculated now gives

Way back to the history of magnetism, the fascinating behaviour and interactions of magnets on matter (mostly permanent magnets), urged scientist and physicist in tackling the quest of discovering its mystery. From the idea, that this branch of physics is a separate field of study, to the ground-breaking discovery of the relationship between electric current (I) and magnetic field (B), and vice versa, came the birth of an era of modern technologies. Today, almost all practical devices depend on magnetism, from compasses to motors, loudspeaker, computer memory, electric generator, and even nanotechnology. The study of electrodynamics from classical to modern physics gave a stunning phenomenon between the motion of charges and its interactions. Curcontinued on page 21

Reverse Process… continued from page 21 instant rate of heat flow resulting to faster melting of ice and faster achieving of the point to start increasing temperature up to the preferred temperature. For the third set-up, it was found that the higher the ambient temperature, the faster the heat flow resulting to faster melting of ice. Hence, ideal reverse process of Mpemba effect has only been achieved in temperatures which ice still forms, which showed us that the lower the temperature in that range, the faster time rate it takes to increase in to the desired temperature. ■


July—December 2011

Speed Associated with the Center of Mass in Various Objects with Different Geometry

RESEARCHES

21

John Paul Besagas, Rheymar Morales and Elizabeth Perez Combined rotational and translational motion is common in our everyday life. Rolling wheels, thrown hammer in air, and spinning yoyo are examples of rigid objects undergoing this kind of motion in order to function. As an importance, combined rotational and translation makes transportation possible. Studying how these objects move is an interesting task since there are many things to observe with. For instance, one observation is that objects of different geometry have different speed and why is this so? Another question follows what is the required shape in order to attain the greatest speed?

This experiment was aimed to determine the speed associated with the center of mass of materials with different geometry. Also to show that the geometry

(shape) of the object under consideration affects its speed and to determine which of the shapes possesses the greatest speed. The shapes of objects that were considered in this experiment were: solid cylinder, thin-walled hollow cylinder, solid sphere and a hollow sphere. The said objects were allowed to slide down on a built in inclined plane of a certain height above the ground. One by one, each object were set to roll down the inclined plank and the time the object took as it reached the ground was recorded. The said steps of the experiment were followed for each of the objects under consideration. Using a derived equation, the corresponding speed of the geometries was calculated together with the theoretical value of it using the available equation for the moment of inertia of the geometries used. The experiment showed that the thin-walled hollow cylinder possessed the least speed among the four followed by the hollow sphere, solid cylinder and the fastest was the solid sphere. It was showed that the object’s geometry (mass distribution) affects its speed of rotation and that the smaller value of the moment of inertia resulted to greater speed. ■

Reverse Process… continued from page 22

Technical and ... continued on page 20

Lastly, the third step is similar as the second set-up with only differences in ambient temperatures. The varied temperatures provided by the water-filled beaker were 65°C, 80°C, and 100°C. The time rate it will take to melt the ice of the same quantity inside the Erlenmeyer flask was measured. In the first set-up, the data showed that the lower the initial temperature, the longer the time it took to boil. In second set-up, it was found that in temperature range where ice or the solid form of water forms, the reversed effect was observed such that the lower the liquid, the faster the increase in temperature. This due to the fact that the higher the temperature difference, it affects the continued on page 20

the below average proficiency level, 54.55% (6 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the average level and 9.09% (1 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the above average level. In the technical part, 9.09% (1 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the below average proficiency level, 72.73% (8 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the average level and 18.18% (2 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the above average level. After a week, a demonstration about basic Electronics using a conducting set was held. The demonstration includes solving problems on series and parallel connections and constructing these connections. After the demonstration, a posttest which contains the same questions as the pre-test was given to the respon-

Magnetic Field… continued from page 20 rent are produced because of moving electrons, that pass through a cross sectional area of a material, and inducing current and magnetic field. In this work, the researchers study three groups of material having the same geometrical structure - cylindrical. The first group varies with length having a constant radius, the second varies with radius having a constant length and the third group varies both length and radius. All of the said material is projected by a fixed voltage. From projecting a specific amount of voltage, the sample experiences a current due to resistors attached to the set-up, it neglects the resistance of all the Iron due to a very small geometry, and the magnetic field induced is almost negligible due to very small current and radius. As the length increased the magnitude of the magnetic field is still the same, while the magnetic field is inversely proportional to radius, even though that the magnetic field is very small. The ratio between length and radius is directly proportional to the magcontinued on page 23

dents. After 30 minutes, the data were collected and interpreted. In the analytic part, 72.73% (8 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the below average proficiency level, 18.18% (2 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the average level and 9.09% (1 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the above average level. For the technical part, 0% (0 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the below average proficiency level, 36.36% (4 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the average level and 63.64% (7 out of 11) of the respondents belong to the above average level. The data from the pre-test and post-test was compared. The second year continued on page 23


July—December 2011

22

RESEARCHES

Reverse Process of Mpemba Effect Gene Moses Itable and Joybelle Lopez Mpemba effect is a rare phenomenon such that a hot substance freezes faster than a colder identical substance, first observed by Erasto Mpemba. Some causes of this phenomenon are stipulated such causes are current convection, evaporation, degassing, supercooling and distribution of solutes. Our task was to determine whether a cold substance increase in temperature faster than of the relatively hot identical substance. Water is used in the investigation. We focused on determining the rate of phase change and increase in temperature from the form of ice into the instant that the water started to boil. The principle in thermodynamics was thermal equilibrium, phase change, heat mechanism, second law of thermodynamics and Newton’s law of cooling. For us to verify if this phenomenon can be varied with its reversible process considering factors which can affect it, we conducted three different ways. First set-up is direct heating of samples of mass 50-g with different initial temperature: ice (0°C) and water (40°C and 80°C) in the Erlenmeyer flask closed with a holed cork (the thermometer is inserted at the hole touching the substance) and determined the time it took for the samples to reach 100°C. Second set-up, we used beakers filled with water of 100°C and submerged an Erlenmeyer flask with a holed cork and thermometer inserted containing 50-g ice (of slight difference in initial temperature since it has to be initially in the form of ice) and recorded the time elapsed until temperature of ice rises to 50°C then determined the time rate of increase in temperature. continued on page 21

Biscuit –Type Th-232 Reference Sources for Measuring Radioactivity in NORM Materials Melvin N. Borbe, Mary Ann A. Pangilinan, Reynold V. Luna, Kristine Marie D. Romallosa, and Estrella S. Caseria

Reference sources are used in the energy and efficiency calibrations of radiation instruments like the Gamma Spectrometer. Gamma spectrometers are used to identify the radionuclides & the radioactivity present in a sample. In this study, biscuit-type thorium -232 reference sources were prepared with specific concentrations (7 grams, 8 grams and 10 grams) of thorium nitrate (with the theoretical activity for each reference source calculated), for the efficiency calibration of the Gamma spectrometer with Multichannel Analyzer (MCA) NaI detector which is used for the quantification of approximate radioactivity values of the gamma emitting daughter nuclides of thorium-232 (Lead-212, Actinium-228, Thallium-208 and Bismuth-212) in the black mineral sand from Ombo, Northern Palawan (NORM sample). The biscuit reference source with 10 grams of thorium nitrate had the least uncertainty (per nuclide) in efficiency of the gamma spectrometer and therefore it

was used for the calculation of the approximate radioactivity values of Lead212, Actinium-228, Thallium-208 and Bismuth-212 in the NORM sample. We observed that the uncertainties in theoretical activity of the reference source and the uncertainty in efficiency of the spectrometer for the reference source used are proportional to the uncertainties in the calculation of the radioactivity in the NORM sample.

The prepared biscuit reference source with 10 grams of thorium nitrate can be used for calculation of the approximate radioactivity values of the gamma emitting daughter nuclides of thorium-232 in other NORM samples. ■

Verifying the Permittivity of Common Insulators Jona Mae Dalisay, Danilo Estrella, Xyrus Galapia and Reynold Luna Electric permittivity is the measure of resistance when forming an electric field. It determines the effectiveness of a dielectric inside a capacitor. Capacitance is the measure of the ability of a capacitor to store energy in an electric field. It is a geometry-dependent quantity which can be raised by expanding the area of the capacitor and decreasing the plate separation (in a parallel-plate capacitor); but a better technique to raise the capacitance is by using a dielectric with a high permittivity, since permittivity is proportional to capacitance. The permittivity values of materials are usually expressed in terms of the dielectric constant. The dielectric constant may vary for a general material (e.g. glass,3.7—10) so as the permittivity but both are distinct for a specific material

(e.g. Pyrex, 4.7). This experiment primarily aims to determine the experimental permittivity of various materials and the relationship between permittivity and other quantities, including capacitance (Cx), voltage (Vx), and plate area (A). This study also intends to find out the effects of the applied field to permittivity, and vice versa, and to validate the consistency of permittivity. The materials used as dielectric were wood, acrylic plastic, and glass. An electric field was set by connecting both plates to a voltage source, and the resulting voltage across the capacitor was obtained using a digital multimeter. The recorded voltage was used to calculate the capacitance. The permittivity of the material was calculated by getting the ratio of continued on page 23


July—December 2011 Variation of Acceleration due to Gravity with Different Floor Levels of PUP by Using Simple Pendulum Method

RESEARCHES

23

John Paul Besagas, Rheymar Morales and Elizabeth Perez Gravity is a force that keeps things on earth. It gives weight to objects with mass and causes objects to fall when dropped. Without gravity, everything would not be as it used to be. Moreover, survival of the living would be impossible. Hence, gravity plays an important role in life. Because of the existence of gravity, every motion is always associated with it. For instance, a stone falling to the ground accelerates downward toward the earth’s surface because of the gravitational force exerted on it by the earth. This downward acceleration of the stone is called acceleration due to earth’s gravity. The other terms for this acceleration are gravitational acceleration and terrestrial acceleration. It is denoted by a symbol g. Acceleration due to gravity is a vector quantity. Near the earth’s surface, the magnitude of g is 9.8 meters per second (9.8 m/s2). However, it varies due to several factors, such as, location, rotational motion of the earth on its own axis, air resistance and density of rocks. The primary objectives of this case study were to determine the magnitude of the gravitational constant g, to determine if its magnitude varies as the elevation increases and finally to show that the magnitude of g is inversely proportional to the elevation. The experiment was conducted at the PUP Main Academic Building, South wing. In accordance to one of its objec-

tives, the experiment was first conducted on sixth floor south wing and was repeated until the ground floor was reached. There the researchers used a force frame where a yarn was attached on its middle. Attached on the other end of the yarn was the mass that served as the pendulum bob. The pendulum bob was displaced at a certain angle and was allowed to complete its one cycle of oscillation. The time it took the bob to complete its one cycle oscillation was recorded. The procedure was repeated with varying length of the string (that is 0.20 m, 0.40 m and 0.60 m respectively was set arbitrary lengths for this experiment) and for different masses. It was observed that the length of the string affects the period of the pendulum’s oscillation but the mass does not, so on the following floors the same procedure was applied but the variation of mass was discarded because it only acts as constant. The experiment showed that increasing the length of the string increases the period of oscillation which is in accordance with the equation used in solving for the value of g. it was also observed in the experiment that with increasing elevation, the resulting value of the slope attained using linear regression increases. Finally the computed value of g for every floor level decreases as the elevation increases which matches the assumptions set by the researchers in conducting the experiment. ■

Verifying the Permittivity … continued from page 22 the capacitances (with and without dielectric inserted) multiplied by the permittivity of vacuum. In the first, second and third trial, the whole, half and third trial, the whole, half and a fourth of the plate area was covered with the dielectric respectively. Corresponding measurements for the other parameters were made. Among the materials used, glass had the highest average permittivity (from three trials), followed by acrylic plastic, and wood. For all materials, area had neg-

ligible impact on permittivity. Also, increasing voltage, until a value caused the multimeter reading fluctuate, resulted in decreasing permittivity. After three trials for each material, the permittivity values remained nearly unchanged regardless of the area covered inside the capacitor. Permittivity is independent of the capacitor’s geometry. It remained almost constant regardless of the area the dielectric was covering. ■

Technical and ... continued on page 20 respondents were categorized under below average level on their analytic skills and above average level on their technical ability on handling a conducting set. It means that the students are not good enough to answer analytic questions in basic Electronics but they are meticulous enough to handle a conducting set since they are categorized under the above average level on their technical ability. The study showed that the respondents of the study need to be focused on their analytic skills since there’s an increase in the number of below average students. The second year students’ analytic skills will fail to comprehend difficult and complicated problems with regards to basic Electronics. ■ Magnetic Field … continued from page 21 netic field; it does agree that this group of cylinder that varies both length and radius is only a verification of the experiment. The magnitude of magnetic field is directly proportional to current and inversely proportional to radius on very short cylindrical conducting Iron. In general the magnetic field, shown in the experiment, varies with the geometry of the material with a constant potential difference. At very small length and radius the resistance is very small and may be considered negligible such that the current doesn’t affect the set-up, but the magnetic field is inversely proportional to its radius. Also, the magnetic field’s magnitude is dependent on the magnitude of the current and its radius. The researchers also conclude, due to very small values of magnetic field, circuit devices having a very small length and radius for conduction, there are no magnetic interactions between those materials. The beauty of magnetism is wellappreciated in this experiment. The results satisfies the physical law as expected.■


July—December 2011

24

NOTES

Furnace/Thesis Song Titik ni: Hernanie T. Salazar, Jr. Musika ng: Eraser Heads

Intro: A9-Dm9-A9-D-E 1st Stanza: By BRDX II-O A9 Dm9 Ilang samples pa ba ang tutunawin, ng furnace ko? A9 Dm9 Ilang tulog pa ba ang agagawin, ng thesis ko? Bm E Ilang beses na akong napupuyat sa’yo C#7/F F#m-E-D (D-E) Wala pa ring nakikita sa mga efforts ko 2nd Stanza: Ilang chapters pa ba ang babasahin, o thesis ko? Ilang journals pa ba ang iipunin, o research ko? Ginawa na ang lahat para sa thesis ko Hindi pa rin lumalabas ang hinahanap ko Refrain: D D Magka-sample lang ako aking sumpa’y Cm7 Walang humpay na ligaya Chorus: Fm7 Cm7 Sama-sama na maghihintay Fm7 Cm7 Sa tanghali, sa gabi at umaga Fm7 Em Huwag ka sanang malumbay at magduda Fm7 Em Dahil ang thesis ang tanging pangamba Fm7 D7/F# Ab G Lahat tayo ay papasa at magmamartsa ng buong... Cm7-D-E Ligaya Adlib: A-D(2x) Bm-E-C#7-F#m,E,D-D,E, Too-root-too-too...

This song was initially conceptualized during an overnight stay with my coco-researchers in the laboratory of PUP. Due to successive failures on the overnight experiments with the furnace in the laboratory, the first stanza “Ilang samples pa ba ang tutunawin ng furnace ko?” was accidentally formed. From this start, the successive lines of the song were formed by means of collective ideas from my batch mates in progress researches. Since then, the song continues to develop to become its current lyrics. The entire song was first presented in the Quantum Physics class of Dr. Jeffrey De Vero where its popularity increases in the fourth year class alone which leads to the idea of having it recorded or musically arrange. Credits to my coco-researchers who gave me the idea of writing the song: Mary Ann Calleja, Micah Ann Padua, Analisa Amo, Joseph De Mesa, April Angelique Dominguiano and Bhenz Rodriguez. Also to my former housemates in the House of Galileo for the musical arrangement of the song: Christian Valgomera, Jheng Lingat and Joniel Rumbawa. We dedicate this song to the students who were doing and dedicating much of their time in finishing their researches. Hernanie T. Salazar, Jr.

3rd Stanza: Ilang substrate pa ban ang hahatiin, sa research ko? Ilang porous pa ang bubutasin, sa paper ko? 'Di man ako maka-publish tulad ng iba Pinapangako ko sa'yo na matatapos ka. Magka-sample lang ako… Magka-data lang ako… Maka-publish lang ako… Maka-graduate lang ako aking sumpa’y Walang humpay na ligaya Sama-sama na maghihintay Mula tanghali, ‘gang gabi, ‘gang umaga Huwag ka sanang malumbay at magduda Kahit ang thesis ang tanging pangamba Lahat tayo ay papasa at magmamartsa ng buong ligaya Sama-sama na maghihintay Mula tanghali, ‘gang gabi, ‘gang umaga Huwag ka sanang malumbay at magduda Dahil mapapawi rin ang pangamba Lahat tayo ay papasa’t makaka-graduate ng buong… Ligaya (Repeat Refrain and Chorus except last 2 chords) (Repeat Chorus 2x)


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