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MS SQL SERVER ?

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MS SQL SERVER

SELECT Name, ProductNumber, ReorderPoint FROM Production.Product

O Name -----------------------------Adjustable Race Bearing Ball ... ... RoadGtML Black, `l RoadGtML Black, MK (ML` row(s) affected)

ProductNumber ---------------ARGMklC BAGlkKt

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tM tM

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ReorderPoint -----------tML tML

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SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitsInStock, UnitsOnOrder FROM Products WHERE UnitsOnOrder > L AND UnitsInStock < CL ORDER BY UnitsOnOrder DESC

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ProductName -------------------Louisiana Hot Spiced Okra Gorgonzola Telino Rogede sild Sir Rodney's Scones Mascarpone Fabioli Longlife Tofu

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&' }& $ Query

UnitsOnOrder ---------------CLL tL `L KL

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MS SQL SERVER

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CustomerID ---------FOLKO QUEDE LILAS HUNGO ERNSH BERGS AROUT SPLIR SANTG FAMIA SEVES BOTTM

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MS SQL SERVER

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O OrderID --------CCLLL CCLLL CCLLL CCLLC CCLLC CCLLC

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MS SQL SERVER

_ M_ CM K` `L

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0 cD CustomerID ---------ALFKI ANTON ALFKI

EmployeeID ----------------C C k

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-GK C C

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Query

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ANATR ANTON ALFKI ANATR ANTON ALFKI ANATR ANTON

MS SQL SERVER

K k K C C C C K

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MS SQL SERVER

KV kk

(k row(s) affected)

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O OrderID ----------CCLLL CCLLC CCLLK

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OrderID -------------CCLLL

---kL

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MS SQL SERVER

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O OrderID ---------CCLLL CCLLC CCLLK

Minimum ---------KM _ CM

Maximum ------------kL _L M_

(k row(s) affected)

Alias

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MS SQL SERVER

#/N .& ?_…M D $ SQL Server 7*1 > ' g gH AS N /N ' # }& # $ .#& # #& % ; @ AS N /N B 7*1 Query $ ( 0 % D 0# J 7<= T E .& > + D $ J b $ ,& B % $ ( 0 . a/%

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Minimum ---------KM _ CM

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SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeID = M

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MS SQL SERVER

(C row(s) affected)

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SELECT COUNT(Fax) FROM Customers

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MS SQL SERVER

----------_V (C row(s) affected)

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SELECT ReportsTo, COUNT(*) FROM Employees GROUP BY ReportsTo

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ReportsTo A

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ReportsTo ---------------NULL K M

@( / 1

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(k row(s) affected)

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O &' Manager ---------NULL K M (k row(s) affected)

Reports ------C M k

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MS SQL SERVER

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SELECT ReportsTo AS Manager, COUNT(*) AS Reports FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeID != M GROUP BY ReportsTo

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Reports --------C ` k

(k row(s) affected)

= N1 ' = S$ GROUP BY / 1 6 & ' 7*1 j ,& $A 2 -& $ (0 # 0# % # # j$ #/% # # # N =; # M # EmployeeID # j# WHERE / #1 # * ' #*$ Query }& # $ ' 0 / #1 .#& ' Y EmpioyeeID=M 0 H { ! ManagerIDrK EmployeeID; 0 06& $ @ ManagerID=K 0& % j J( { ! )$ ` ' B & b % „ U .& $ (0 * % R( 0/ Nx I % 0 . m #% b -$ 0 & $ $ 6 & $ 3" ; & 3 J( @ WHERE / 1 B Query $ ( 0 m $ # % D # m % b -$ & " cD $ { ! 5$F )$ ` ' 0$ & Query .& 6 & ; #$ #@ # 0J/@ \ ( & 0& % j h D 0% & % % b -$ WHERE w .& O &F 0 ,/ HAVING / 1 -& 0 7 @ 0J/@ \ ( 6 & ' 7*1 WHERE / 1 SELECT ReportsTo AS Manager, COUNT(*) AS Reports FROM Employees GROUP BY ReportsTo HAVING COUNT(*) > `

& Manager -------K

Reports ------M

(C row(s) affected)

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0-& $

@ $F

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MS SQL SERVER

$ { ! )$ ` @ & ,& 5 ( 0# #6 & #& *$ ( 01 J( .& J& B ( 0 ( 0 1 ) ^9*1 j$ /% $ ! $F h H & 0Jj1 „ ,& h H / ; % b -$ 6 & 0 & $ $ X& : ' ' #5$F # 0& #% Query J 7<= 01 ( •( / 1 .& We ; n! 8 /- ,& & #= ; & F # { )# % { ) J( % D 0 0 ) U @ .& " & Query ,& SELECT OrderID, SUM(Quantity) AS Total FROM [Order Details] GROUP BY OrderID OrderID ------------

Total -------

... ...

(

row(s) affected)

% #=

0-& $ ( % D ,/ SQL Server ' 5 .& 0D 0 ! . " ! $F $ ) 0 J( ) % 0 ƒ= B F 5$F 0 B # = #E # .& kLL J( 0( ) 2 $ ' 0( 89: ( % R( Query $ ( 0 0 b -$ HAVING / 1 SELECT OrderID, SUM(Quantity) AS Total FROM [Order Details] GROUP BY OrderID HAVING SUM(Quantity) > kLL

O OrderID --------CLlVM CCLkL

0=&

- $

Total ------k`_ kkL

(K row(s) affected)

#& @ #% Query $ #( 0# B # 0# #= % & J 5N<= =& C

2 @( J( J& $ (; 0 j$ /% j$ /% & ; - @ CCLkL CLlVM ' OrderID . $ ( 0 9 ^ d & C g 1 }& $ ( Ž 2 3& 89: Query .& ' =& 89: $ (

JOIN

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‫ﭘﻮﭘﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ‬

MS SQL SERVER

XML !" #

FOR XML #

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SELECT SupplierID FROM Products WHERE UnitsInStock > L

Products U @

SupplierID -------------C C C K k k k ... ... CK Kk CK (tK row(s) affected)

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MS SQL SERVER

$ 5 &' g gH 0 F ' $ .& " ' %j J( ," z U @ .& & & 7*1 % % 7H SELECT *8 DISTINCT ! 76

SELECT DISTINCT SupplierID FROM Products WHERE UnitsInStock > L

(

SupplierID -------------C K k ... ... Kt Kl KV (KV row(s) affected)

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SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [Order Details]

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U @ N ' 0 / 1 OrderID B 6& 7 .& 06& 7*1 QUERY - $ QUERY

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MS SQL SERVER

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0( ) }& $ - $

----------lkL (C row(s) affected)

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MS SQL SERVER

I( . 0& $ N /N .& ' ) o % 5 ( INTO N /N # ' #J( / #1 .& 0: 0 B $ H v8 .& ) N /N .& ' 0& $ v8 BF B 0 u& ( Y% v8 0/ BF B *$ " @ BF B ! $ J( INTO / • 58 .& * ; BF B = E 7/8 % 0 0 @ We B /% > % B ' 02& I ;%B &' 0 ( D 0/ 5 / 1 B ; $ B F jg$ .& ( ,& ' P1 & &! .& ' ) b 8 I 0 =& %B & g P( ( # 0# w %B 1 P ( ( B /% U @ B ,& g % ; 6$ ) B # #g #$ ( 0/$ 0$ % 98 ? b B w b g ;U B w U g> / #1 .#& I9 : ? % 0 .& ^ J > = S$ g ,& & $ƒ =Y g & 0 S$ 5$F & g N@ / 1 B " & ,& ' 0 # # ;B ‚ @ .& 0 cD $ =E U @ & & g % F B # % #= # # 6 ! /( 0 ) & % = BF 2& I / 0& % ' 0j ,( INSERT #@ #% ' ŠN % 0 1 & g ' ,& BF ' W 0 T VALUES N /N ; & g # %B @ %B J( & & g @ & g J( $ 1!$ 7 9 $ T $ BF 7& *( 7 1 0 /E : & X*j w B T$ & g % T$ #% B b $ /% 0 I( / #& 0 SQL Server DEFAULT U #/ H # # 6$ 4 g 6$

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‫ﭘﻮﭘﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ‬

MS SQL SERVER

kGk 76 varchar & char % B

0# cD #

#g #% B

& $ 0/$

Š/% • T $ ;U @ .& &! ;INSERT ' U d . B 8

INSERT INTO stores VALUES ('TEST', 'Test Store', 'CKk` Anywhere Street', 'Here', 'NY', 'LLkCV')

0# # & #g ? & 0 # QUERY .#& = #E U #@ & g O %

] E ( ^9*1 .& -& > % B ' ) ,& . $ B ) ^9*1 j$ /% #@ ' #J # 0# # = S$ U @ % B 1 P ( ( B /% =E % j ,& & 0 / % =& H .& = 1 q ( 2( QUERY ŠN =& &' j @b QUERY B /% ;B 2 5(B

Msg K_Kt, Level C`, State C, Line C Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint 'UPK_storeid'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'dbo.stores'. The statement has been terminated.

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O stor_id ----------TEST

stor_name ----------Test Store

stor_address ----------CKk` Anywhere Street

city -----Here

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0 cD state ------NY

= E j QUERY .& zip ----LLkCV

‫ﭘﻮﭘﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ‬

MS SQL SERVER

(C row(s) affected)

#- $ U #H #%

QUERY .&

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INSERT INTO stores (stor_id, stor_name, city, state, zip) VALUES ('TSTK', 'Test Store', 'Here', 'NY', 'LLkCV')

& $ @ j ( & R( 0NI N w g 6& U & R( & g w s @( B # #6 & #N8 .& & 6$ cD BF % g = 3$ S$ stor_address B ; 6& b B .& 6$ cD BF g $ ( ; & e % NULL g $ ( 0 ; *$ ' $ B ,& stor_address # # 0# 1 & #6$ cD # BF g B" ? % 0 ^ J .& > $ % 0E = Y g 0# @ = E j B cD SELECT ,& B & 0 NULL g 0 @ INSERT

SELECT * FROM stores WHERE stor_id = 'TSTK'

O& stor_id --------TSTK

stor_name ----------Test Store

stor_address --------------NULL

city ------Here

state -------NY

7*1

* $

)( - &

zip -----LLkCV

(C row(s) affected)

h = 3$ S$ g BF 0$ NULL g 0# J #" # .#& # % b #-$ .& $ ( 0 $ NULL g . = & N 1 0& % B sg= #j + # ' 0)N D % @ ; NULL g B BF $ (0 / 0 J .& ; ]E 0#/$ #3& 0# #$ & e NULL g $ ( 0 % B ' 0[J & 0 *2I T E & 3$ S$ B = E \1 NULL g $ ( 0 0& % B $ (0 /% #S$ B # #a$ " #I .& Q &' JE ' 06& & & e NULL g $ $ B O 0/$ = S$ INSERT @ j g 0 q g ƒ=Y g = S$ ƒ = Y g ,& B = E ƒ = Y g ,& $ 3" & 0 & t 7<= 0 =E $ cD B .& U /J =& s ( ( & g ' 0[J Z& J( $ B C T &F 0 Y 0J1 ? 0 ] E ( 0H : 7<= > & g / 8 .& g gH ; F 0 j /% K j . ;C U j ; 0 %j B / C

IDENTITY

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MS SQL SERVER

o H % j ' 0[J % 0 B /: .& /

0 @ 3& 0# = #E sales U #@ { = ,& .& #& #% b #-$ # & b -$ store U @ j B /% # Z#& J( T #$ #3& 0( 89: sp_help O &' I sp_help @

B6 B " $ j 8 .& % = j g ,&

,& v2 B N sg= $ ( 0 sales U @ I < B & ) sp_help b $ 4U ' 6& % 0 SQL Server T $ & s ( INSERT

EXEC sp_help <name>

@ Query Analyzer

= sales U @

I< B&

EXEC sp_help sales

O Column_name ------------stor_id ord_num ord_date Qty Payterms title_id

Type --------char varchar datetime smallint varchar tid

Length -------` KL l K CK _

&' - $

Nullable -------no no no no no no

#( # #% 0& % T $ ' 5$F ; ord_date qty % B i& @ ( B Y sales U @ s# ( # Z& J( T $ ,& tid T$ title_id B > & $ b -$ g ,& B = E 7/8 5$F B & #g P 1 2$ @ ( BF J Query & ? _U : T $ ,& ?'> U #1 7#g$ # 98 ' # & #g o9 8 & g ZN D % T $ B =E S We B 8 T $ .& ; g gH > $ U 1 7g$ 98 ' $ datetime T$ 0/$ ) ? 0 7& *( datetime T$ INSERT INTO sales (stor_id, ord_num, ord_date, qty, payterms, title_id) VALUES ('TEST', 'TESTORDER', 'LC‘LC‘CVVV', CL, 'NET kL', 'BUCLkK')

% #% #3& 5* 1 ' $ ( 0 0 ) . # a/% SQL Server D #$ P H /

= & (C row(s) affected) b

MM/DD/YYYY P 1 ' 01 o J 6& F ƒ = Y P 1 ?YYYY-MM-DD 0NN/ . P 1 ^9d > % )

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MS SQL SERVER

INSERT INTO…SELECT & " Nx # .& 0# ! /(

' • N ,& % D 0 J= % j ,& B = E ;+ B 0 0)N D % Nx I .6/ + .& ZN D 5 0: m % b -$ = E 3& U @ ; & = & 3& \* ,& ' SELECT ŠN 0( 89: % 0 O &' ' 06& $ ( 0 \* .& 0( 89: ,$ 3& U @ ,& / 0( 89: ,$ ,& ' 3& % & 3& ,& ' W$ - $ ,& ? % b -$ SELECT 3& % & 0E & N/8 % D 0 1 ^ /J > 0NJ= U @ ' ' 0* (

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/* This next statement is going to use code to change the “current” database ** to Northwind. This makes certain, right in the code that we are going ** to the correct database. */ USE Northwind /* This next statement declares our working table. ** This particular table is actually a variable we are declaring on the fly. */ DECLARE @MyTable Table ( OrderID int, CustomerID char(M) ) /* Now that we have our table variable, we're ready to populate it with data ** from our SELECT statement. Note that we could just as easily insert the ** data into a permanent table (instead of a table variable). C K

script batch

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$ C e& 6 &' % 0

Jj1 O 6$ CC 7<=

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MS SQL SERVER

*/ INSERT INTO @MyTable SELECT OrderID, CustomerID FROM Northwind.dbo.Orders WHERE OrderID BETWEEN CLK`L AND CLKML -- Finally, let's make sure that the data was inserted like we think SELECT * FROM @MyTable

.& *

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(k row(s) affected) OrderID CustomerID ---------------CLK`l VINET CLK`V TOMSP CLKML HANAR (k row(s) affected)

# SELECT 7#/8 2I B

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% cD (

UPDATE <table name> SET <column> = <value> [,<column> = <value>] [FROM <source table(s)>] [WHERE <restrictive condition>]

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& = E INSERT s ( 0& % + D $ pubs 0( 89: ,$ 6$ {

0$ =>

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j 0d =E j B &

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SELECT * FROM stores WHERE stor_id = 'TEST'

O stor_name ----------------Test Store

stor_id ---------TEST

stor_address -------------------CKk` Anywhere Street

city -----Here

state ----NY

O %

zip ---LLkCV

R( city B

0 B

UPDATE stores SET city = 'There' WHERE stor_id = 'TEST'

% D$ = & SQL Server '

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O stor_id ---------TEST

#3& B

R( city XNJ

stor_name -----------Test Store

$ (0

stor_address --------------------CKk` Anywhere Street

,& B

city ------There

7*1 SELECT

state --------NY

zip ---LkCV

R( B ,& ' Y & g $ ( 0 R( B K g .& ;U d B 8

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UPDATE stores SET city = 'There', state = 'CA' WHERE stor_id = 'TEST'

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SELECT title_id, price FROM titles WHERE title_id LIKE 'BU%'

o #H % $ ( 0 BF ' J ; 0 T #- $ # #$ R( 0( 89: ,$

BU BF title_id

g 0& % j h D 6 & ƒ = ? % 98 '

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LIKE 3N/8

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MS SQL SERVER

price ----------CV…VVLL CC…VMLL K…VVLL CV…VVLL

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= 6

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UPDATE titles SET price = price * C…C WHERE title_id LIKE 'BU%'

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SELECT title_id, price FROM titles WHERE title_id LIKE 'BU%'

O = & Y& != I CL title_id ---------BUCLkK BUCCCC BUKLtM BUtlkK

0 T

BU BF ID

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price ----------KC…VlVL Ck…C`ML k…KlVL KC…VlVL

(` row(s) affected)

/1 & 0 & B $ 1 ,& ;U d 6 }& $ $ ( 0 g" * ( & ( = % '@ h # H .& $ ' s& $ R( 7*1 / 1 0& % / 1 6& F U H 71 & % ,#& #@ # % / 1 $ ( 0 B ?cent r L…LC > s ( 7 1’ * % /1 ( & H b -$ R( U & ' & g % '@ 71 g 3& UPDATE O $ 0 ' 7*1 UPDATE titles SET price = price / C…C WHERE title_id LIKE 'BU%'

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price

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MS SQL SERVER

--------CV…VVLL CC…VMLL K…VVLL CV…VVLL

(` row(s) affected)

% }& $

7*1 $ UPDATE

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% O

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UPDATE titles SET price = ROUND(price * C…C, K) WHERE title_id LIKE 'BU%'

#5 / 1> & # 7/8 U Query $ ;U & b -$ 0E & 7/8 % R( % cD # ROUND() \ #( ' ) # ? P H & > .$ 1 X j ,#& ŠN # # # # .#& .& &! .& ! ?C…C ' J K 8 ŠN >; $

title_id -----------BUCLkK BUCCCC BUKLtM BUtlkK

UPDATE 6 & ' 7*1 \1

BF We & Y& != I CL 8 1 ( % & % 0 b -$ .& O 0 &' }& $ &

price ---------KC…VVLL Ck…CMLL k…KVLL KC…VVLL

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0& #

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O 6$ ?timestamp 1 % B

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MS SQL SERVER

DELETE #% B # ' 0 # p % BF O

.& ( ' 06& 0/$ ( .& '

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Microsoft SQL Server\ MSSQL. \ mssql\data\ AccountingLog .ldf

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ALTER DATABASE <database name> ADD FILE ([NAME = <’logical file name’>,] FILENAME = <’file name’> [, SIZE = <size in KB, MB, GB or TB>] [, MAXSIZE = < size in KB, MB, GB or TB >] [, FILEGROWTH = <No of KB, MB, GB or TB |percentage>]) [,...n] [ TO FILEGROUP filegroup_name] [, OFFLINE ] |ADD LOG FILE ([NAME = <’logical file name’>,] FILENAME = <’file name’> [, SIZE = < size in KB, MB, GB or TB >] [, MAXSIZE = < size in KB, MB, GB or TB >] [, FILEGROWTH = <No KB, MB, GB or TB |percentage>]) |REMOVE FILE <logical file name> [WITH DELETE] |ADD FILEGROUP <filegroup name> |REMOVE FILEGROUP <filegroup name> |MODIFY FILE <filespec> |MODIFY NAME = <new dbname> |MODIFY FILEGROUP <filegroup name> {<filegroup property>|NAME = <new filegroup name>} |SET <optionspec> [,...n ][WITH <termination>] |COLLATE <collation name>

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ALTER DATABASE Accounting MODIFY FILE (NAME = Accounting, SIZE = ammMB)

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EXEC sp_helpdb Accounting

Name

db_size

Accounting

owner

dbid

created May

Accounting

AccountingLog

fileid

filename

filegroup

c:\Program Files\ Microsoft SQL Server\ MSSQL. \mssql\ data\ AccountingData .mdf c:\Program Files\ Microsoft SQL Server\ MSSQL. \ mssql\data\ AccountingLog .ldf

PRIMARY

compatibility_ level

Name

status

size

maxsize

growth

Usage

data only

log only

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MS SQL SERVER

|ADD <column name> <data_type> [[DEFAULT <constant_expression>] |[IDENTITY [(<seed>, <increment>) [NOT FOR REPLICATION]]]] [ROWGUIDCOL] [COLLATE <collation_name>] [NULL|NOT NULL] [<column_constraints>] |[<column_name> AS <computed_column_expression>] |ADD [CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>] {[{PRIMARY KEY|UNIQUE} [CLUSTERED|NONCLUSTERED] {(<column_name>[ ,...n ])} [WITH FILLFACTOR = <fillfactor>] [ON {<filegroup> | DEFAULT}] ] |FOREIGN KEY [(<column_name>[ ,...n])] REFERENCES <referenced_table> [(<referenced_column>[ ,...n])] [ON DELETE {CASCADE|NO ACTION}] [ON UPDATE {CASCADE|NO ACTION}] [NOT FOR REPLICATION] |DEFAULT <constant_expression> [FOR <column_name>] |CHECK [NOT FOR REPLICATION] (<search_conditions>) [,...n][ ,...n] |[WITH CHECK|WITH NOCHECK] | { ENABLE | DISABLE } TRIGGER { ALL | <trigger name> [ ,...n ] } |DROP {[CONSTRAINT] <constraint_name> |COLUMN <column_name>}[ ,...n] |{CHECK|NOCHECK} CONSTRAINT {ALL|<constraint_name>[ ,...n]} |{ENABLE|DISABLE} TRIGGER {ALL|<trigger_name>[ ,...n]} | SWITCH [ PARTITION <source partition number expression> ] TO [ schema_name. ] target_table [ PARTITION <target partition number expression> ]

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7 Column_name

Type

Computed

Length

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Nullable

EmployeeID

int

FirstName

varchar

MiddleInitial

char

yes

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MS SQL SERVER

LastName

varchar

Title

varchar

SSN

varchar

Salary

money

PriorSalary

money

LastRaise

money

yes

HireDate

smalldatetime

TerminationDate

smalldatetime

yes

ManagerEmpID

int

Department

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Column_name

Type

Computed

Length

Prec

Scale

Nullable

EmployeeID

int

FirstName

varchar

MiddleInitial

char

yes

LastName

varchar

Title

varchar

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MS SQL SERVER

SSN

varchar

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money

PriorSalary

money

LastRaise

money

yes

HireDate

smalldatetime

TerminationDate

smalldatetime

yes

ManagerEmpID

int

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varchar

PreviousEmployer

varchar

yes

DateOfBirth

datetime

yes

LastRaiseDate

datetime

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MS SQL SERVER

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sp_bindrule 'SalaryRule', 'Employees.Salary'

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(" I =" OK ) . ; ! $(7 ) OK

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Index

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A, a, à, á, â, Ä, ä, Å, å

QC collation ' "6 &6 p , N ' " !* &6 /@ ' / 4 o + ` < " "6 4* > n I &. collation I

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A _ a, Ä _ ä, Å _ å, a _ à _ á _ â _ ä _ å, A_ Ä _ Å

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